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Xu W, Liu J, Ding Z, Fu J, Evrendilek F, Xie W, He Y. Dynamic pyrolytic reaction mechanisms, pathways, and products of medical masks and infusion tubes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156710. [PMID: 35718187 PMCID: PMC9212457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the COVID-19 epidemic, the quantity of hazardous medical wastes has risen unprecedentedly. This study characterized and verified the pyrolysis mechanisms and volatiles products of medical mask belts (MB), mask faces (MF), and infusion tubes (IT) via thermogravimetric, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. Iso-conversional methods were employed to estimate activation energy, while the best-fit artificial neural network was adopted for the multi-objective optimization. MB and MF started their thermal weight losses at 375.8 °C and 414.7 °C, respectively, while IT started to degrade at 227.3 °C. The average activation energies were estimated at 171.77, 232.79, 105.14, and 205.76 kJ/mol for MB, MF, and the first and second IT stages, respectively. Nucleation growth for MF and MB and geometrical contraction for IT best described the pyrolysis behaviors. Their main gaseous products were classified, with a further proposal of their initial cracking mechanisms and secondary reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ziyi Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 14052, Turkey
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Su G, Ong HC, Ibrahim S, Fattah IMR, Mofijur M, Chong CT. Valorisation of medical waste through pyrolysis for a cleaner environment: Progress and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116934. [PMID: 33744627 PMCID: PMC9756756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted great shocks and challenges to the environment, society and economy. Simultaneously, an intractable issue appeared: a considerable number of hazardous medical wastes have been generated from the hospitals, clinics, and other health care facilities, constituting a serious threat to public health and environmental sustainability without proper management. Traditional disposal methods like incineration, landfill and autoclaving are unable to reduce environmental burden due to the issues such as toxic gas release, large land occupation, and unsustainability. While the application of clean and safe pyrolysis technology on the medical wastes treatment to produce high-grade bioproducts has the potential to alleviate the situation. Besides, medical wastes are excellent and ideal raw materials, which possess high hydrogen, carbon content and heating value. Consequently, pyrolysis of medical wastes can deal with wastes and generate valuable products like bio-oil and biochar. Consequently, this paper presents a critical and comprehensive review of the pyrolysis of medical wastes. It demonstrates the feasibility of pyrolysis, which mainly includes pyrolysis characteristics, product properties, related problems, the prospects and future challenges of pyrolysis of medical wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Shaliza Ibrahim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I M Rizwanul Fattah
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - M Mofijur
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahad University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cheng Tung Chong
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Ma C, Sánchez-Rodríguez D, Kamo T. A comprehensive study on the oxidative pyrolysis of epoxy resin from fiber/epoxy composites: Product characteristics and kinetics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125329. [PMID: 33951877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment has been the most feasible process to recycle valuable carbon fibers and obtain fuel and chemicals from waste fiber/epoxy composites. The present work studied the oxidative pyrolysis behaviors of epoxy resin from fiber/epoxy composites using a thermogravimetric apparatus and a fixed-bed reactor, respectively. The effects of various O2 concentrations on the thermal behaviors of epoxy resin were investigated and the product characteristics were analyzed. Furthermore, a multi distributed activation energy model (multi-DAEM) was first developed to determine the oxidative pyrolysis kinetics of epoxy resin under various atmospheres. Results showed that the degradation behaviors of epoxy resin were largely altered by the O2 concentrations. High O2 concentrations accelerated the primary decomposition of epoxy resin and shifted the oxidation of resin residue into lower temperatures. High contents of methylcyclohexene and phenolic derivatives were detected in liquid products. In air atmosphere, high yields of CO and CO2 were generated and distributed in several stages. The kinetic analysis indicated that the multi-DAEM method can well explain the oxidative pyrolysis behaviors of epoxy resin. A minimum six-reaction fitting process can perfectly simulate the oxidative pyrolysis of epoxy resin. The predictions for various O2 concentrations were in good agreement with the experimental tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ma
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Rodríguez
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Tohru Kamo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
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Ding Z, Chen H, Liu J, Cai H, Evrendilek F, Buyukada M. Pyrolysis dynamics of two medical plastic wastes: Drivers, behaviors, evolved gases, reaction mechanisms, and pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123472. [PMID: 32731115 PMCID: PMC7362864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The public has started to increasingly scrutinize the proper disposal and treatment of rapidly growing medical wastes, in particular, given the COVID-19 pandemic, raised awareness, and the advances in the health sector. This research aimed to characterize pyrolysis drivers, behaviors, products, reaction mechanisms, and pathways via TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS analyses as a function of the two medical plastic wastes of syringes (SY) and medical bottles (MB), conversion degree, degradation stage, and the four heating rates (5,10, 20, and 40 °C/min). SY and MB pyrolysis ranged from 394.4 to 501 and from 417.9 to 517 °C, respectively. The average activation energy was 246.5 and 268.51 kJ/mol for the SY and MB devolatilization, respectively. MB appeared to exhibit a better pyrolysis performance with a higher degradation rate and less residues. The most suitable reaction mechanisms belonged to a geometrical contraction model (R2) for the SY pyrolysis and to a nucleation growth model (A1.2) for the MB pyrolysis. The main evolved gases were C4-C24 alkenes and dienes for SY and C6-C41 alkanes and C8-C41 alkenes for MB. The pyrolysis dynamics and reaction pathways of the medical plastic wastes have important implications for waste stream reduction, pollution control, and reactor optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huashan Chen
- Guoke (Foshan) Testing and Certification Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Haiming Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Musa Buyukada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
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Insights into Thermal Degradation Behaviors and Reaction Kinetics of Medical Waste Infusion Bag and Nasal Oxygen Cannula. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermal degradation behaviors and reaction kinetics of medical waste infusion bag (IB) and nasal oxygen cannula (NOC) were investigated under inert atmosphere with the heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 25 K·min−1. Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Friedman were employed to estimate the activation energy. Coats–Redfern and Kennedy–Clark methods were adopted to predict the possible reaction mechanism. The results suggested that the reaction mechanism of IB pyrolysis was zero-order, and that of NOC pyrolysis was concluded that zero-order for the first stage and three-dimensional diffusion Jander equation for the second stage. Based on the kinetic compensation effect, the reconstructed reaction models for IB and NOC pyrolysis were elaborated by introducing adjustment functions. The results indicated that the reconstructed model fitted well with the experimental data. The results are helpful as a reference and provide guidance for the determination of IB and NOC degradation behaviors and the simulation of parameters.
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Mian I, Li X, Jian Y, Dacres OD, Zhong M, Liu J, Ma F, Rahman N. Kinetic study of biomass pellet pyrolysis by using distributed activation energy model and Coats Redfern methods and their comparison. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122099. [PMID: 31520856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the pyrolysis behavior and kinetics of raw biomasses and their pellets were studied by Coats Redfern and DAEM methods. The results demonstrated that the similar activation energies obtained by both methods confirmed accuracy of the kinetics calculation. The activation energy of the pellets was 132.49-232.44 kJ mol-1, slightly higher than those of raw biomasses, which was 120.58-210.55 kJ mol-1. The results from Coats Redfern method showed that the pyrolysis of all the samples were controlled by mass and heat diffusion. DAEM revealed that the activation energies of the pellets were higher than those of raw biomasses during hemicellulose and cellulose decomposition stages, and was opposite for the lignin decomposition stage. Physical structure characterization indicated that the pellets had smaller surface area and more compact surface than those of their raw biomasses. Hence, the mass and heat diffusion were suppressed and more cross-linking reactions occurred during pellets pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamullah Mian
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and Chemical Process Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and Chemical Process Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiming Jian
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and Chemical Process Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Omar D Dacres
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and Chemical Process Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and Chemical Process Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fengyun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and Chemical Process Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Noor Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Banazir Bhutto University, (18000) Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Qin L, Han J, Zhao B, Chen W, Xing F. The kinetics of typical medical waste pyrolysis based on gaseous evolution behaviour in a micro-fluidised bed reactor. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2018; 36:1073-1082. [PMID: 30091678 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x18790357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain the kinetic parameters during typical medical waste pyrolysis, the typical medical waste is pyrolysed in a micro-fluidised bed reactor. The gases evolved from the typical medical waste pyrolysis are analysed by a mass spectrometer, and only H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8 and C4H4 are observed. According to the gaseous product concentration profiles, the activation energies of gaseous formation are calculated based on the Friedman approach, and the average activation energies of H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8 and C4H4 formation during typical medical waste pyrolysis are in sequence as 65.10, 39.98, 35.17, 38.71, 40.75, 41.79, 58.57 and 63.95 kJ mol-1. Moreover, the activation energy with respect to the gases mixture formation is 52.70 kJ mol-1. Hence, it is concluded that the activation energy of typical medical waste pyrolysis is 52.70 kJ mol-1. The model-fitting method is used to determine the mechanism model of medical waste pyrolysis. The results indicate that the chemical reaction ( n = 1) model (G(x) = -ln(1-x)) is the optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Qin
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- 2 Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- 2 Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- 2 Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wangsheng Chen
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- 2 Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Futang Xing
- 1 Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
- 2 Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Feng Y, Jiang X, Chen D. The emission of fluorine gas during incineration of fluoroborate residue. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 308:91-96. [PMID: 26808247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The emission behaviors of wastes from fluorine chemical industry during incineration have raised concerns because multiple fluorine products might danger human health. In this study, fluorine emission from a two-stage incineration system during the combustion of fluoroborate residue was examined. In a TG-FTIR analysis BF3, SiF4 and HF were identified as the initial fluorine forms to be released, while fluorine gases of greenhouse effect such as CF4 and SF6 were not found. Below 700 °C, NaBF4 in the sample decomposed to generate BF3. Then part of BF3 reacted with SiO2 in the system to form SiF4 or hydrolyzed to HF. At higher temperatures, the NaF left in the sample was gradually hydrolyzed to form HF. A lab-scale two-stage tube furnace is established to simulate the typical two-stage combustion chamber in China. Experimental tests proved that HF was the only fluorine gas in the flue gas, and emissions of BF3 and SiF4 can be negligible. Thermodynamic equilibrium model predicted that all SiF4 would be hydrolyzed at 1100 °C in the secondary-chamber, which agreed well with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Feng
- Thermal & Environmental Engineering Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Dezhen Chen
- Thermal & Environmental Engineering Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Thakur V, Ramesh A. Healthcare waste management research: A structured analysis and review (2005-2014). WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2015; 33:855-870. [PMID: 26268601 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15594248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The importance of healthcare waste management in preserving the environment and protecting the public cannot be denied. Past research has dealt with various issues in healthcare waste management and disposal, which spreads over various journals, pipeline research disciplines and research communities. Hence, this article analyses this scattered knowledge in a systematic manner, considering the period between January 2005 and July 2014. The purpose of this study is to: (i) identify the trends in healthcare waste management literature regarding journals published; (ii) main topics of research in healthcare waste management; (iii) methodologies used in healthcare waste management research; (iv) areas most frequently researched by researchers; and (v) determine the scope of future research in healthcare waste management. To this end, the authors conducted a systematic review of 176 articles on healthcare waste management taken from the following eight esteemed journals: International Journal of Environmental Health Research, International Journal of Healthcare Quality Assurance, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Hazardous Material, Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, Resources, Conservations and Recycling, Waste Management, and Waste Management & Research. The authors have applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches for analysis, and results will be useful in the following ways: (i) results will show importance of healthcare waste management in healthcare operations; (ii) findings will give a comparative view of the various publications; (c) study will shed light on future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Thakur
- Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A Ramesh
- Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Ceylan S, Kazan D. Pyrolysis kinetics and thermal characteristics of microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata and Tetraselmis sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 187:1-5. [PMID: 25827246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate pyrolysis behavior and kinetics of microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata (NO) and Tetraselmis sp. (TS). TG/DTG experiments at different heating rates were carried out. Heating rates had slight effect on the decomposition trend, however the maximum temperature and peak of weight loss rate in the DTG curves shifted towards higher temperature with the increase in heating rate. The average activation energy and pre-exponential factor for pyrolysis of NO and TS were estimated by distributed activation energy model. The highest activation energies were observed as 152.20 and 334kJ/mol for NO and TS, respectively, at various conversions. The pre-exponential factors for the corresponding activation energies were observed to be in the order of 10(8)-10(13) and 10(12)-10(25)s(-1) for NO and TS, respectively. Calculated kinetic parameters were used to predict devolatilization curves and results were in well agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Ceylan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Chemical Engineering Department, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Kazan
- Marmara University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Goztepe Campus, 34722 Kadıkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bhavanam A, Sastry RC. Kinetic study of solid waste pyrolysis using distributed activation energy model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 178:126-131. [PMID: 25455087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis characteristics of municipal solid waste, agricultural residues such as ground nut shell, cotton husk and their blends are investigated using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with in a temperature range of 30-900 °C at different heating rates of 10 °C, 30 °C and 50 °C/min in inert atmosphere. From the thermograms obtained from TGA, it is observed that the maximum rate of degradation occurred in the second stage of the pyrolysis process for all the solid wastes. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) is used to study the pyrolysis kinetics of the solid wastes. The kinetic parameters E (activation energy), k0 (frequency factor) are calculated from this model. It is found that the range of activation energies for agricultural residues are lower than the municipal solid waste. The activation energies for the municipal solid waste pyrolysis process drastically decreased with addition of agricultural residues. The proposed DAEM is successfully validated with TGA experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjireddy Bhavanam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, AP, India.
| | - R C Sastry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, AP, India
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12
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Cao H, Xin Y, Wang D, Yuan Q. Pyrolysis characteristics of cattle manures using a discrete distributed activation energy model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:219-225. [PMID: 25262431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis characteristics of cattle manures were conducted using a discrete distributed activation energy model (DAEM) coupled with the thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the pyrolysis process can be accurately characterized by 27 dominating reactions, and the dominating reactions form four groups to represent respectively the decomposition processes of the different constituents of cattle manures. Moreover, the devolatilization kinetics under the heating rate changing from 0.1Kmin(-1) to 10,000Kmin(-1) were predicted with the discrete DAEM. Prediction results demonstrated that with increasing the heating rate, the main decomposition regions of individual constituent become more and more concentration and their interactions are more and more complex. Particularly, it was interesting to discover that the peak decomposition rate is perfectly proportional to the heating rate, and the peak, starting and ending decomposition temperatures satisfy a relationship of quadratic function with the common logarithm of the heating rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Cao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ya Xin
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dianlong Wang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Qiaoxia Yuan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Zhou H, Meng A, Long Y, Li Q, Zhang Y. Classification and comparison of municipal solid waste based on thermochemical characteristics. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2014; 64:597-616. [PMID: 24941708 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.873094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Municipal solid waste (MSW) has been normally sorted into six categories, namely, food residue, wood waste, paper textiles, plastics, and rubber In each category, materials could be classified further into subgroups. Based on proximate and ultimate analysis and heating value, statistical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the characteristics of MSW in every subgroup and to try to distinguish their relative properties. The chemical characteristics analysis of MSW showed that polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) had the highest volatile matter content, with almost no ash and fixed carbon, while polyethylene terephthalate (PET) had high carbon content but low hydrogen content. Bones and vegetables had the highest ash content, while nutshells and rubber had the highest fixed carbon content. Paper and starch food had the highest oxygen content, and wool and bones had the highest nitrogen and sulfur content. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) had the highest chlorine content at about 55%. PE, PP and PS had the highest heating value, followed by chemical products such as rubber and chemical fiber. Conversely, paper, vegetables and bones had the lowest heating value. The results of cluster analysis of MSW components showed that fruit peel, weeds, wood, bamboo, leaves and nutshells could be classified as the lignocellulose category; starch food, cotton, toilet paper, printing paper and cardboard could be classified as the glucose monomer category; wood and chemical fiber could be classified as the high nitrogen and sulfur category; and PE, PP, and PS could be cluster as the polyolefin category. IMPLICATIONS The yield of municipal solid waste (MSW) is constantly increasing and waste to energy (WTE) has been used extensively all over the world. During the processes of incineration, pyrolysis, or gasification, the impact of physical and chemical properties of MSW is of great significance. However, the traditional classification of MSW is too general to provide more detailed information in many investigations. It is necessary to perform the investigation of characteristics of combustible MSW to distinguish different categories of MSW and find out their subclassification.
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Van Essendelft D, Li T, Nicoletti P, Jordan T. Advanced Chemistry Surrogate Model Development within C3M for CFD Modeling, Part 1: Methodology Development for Coal Pyrolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402678f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Van Essendelft
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Tingwen Li
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- URS Corporation, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Philip Nicoletti
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
- URS Corporation, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Terry Jordan
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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15
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Fiori L, Valbusa M, Lorenzi D, Fambri L. Modeling of the devolatilization kinetics during pyrolysis of grape residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 103:389-397. [PMID: 22029962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed on grape seeds, skins, stalks, marc, vine-branches, grape seed oil and grape seeds depleted of their oil. The TGA data was modeled through Gaussian, logistic and Miura-Maki distributed activation energy models (DAEMs) and a simpler two-parameter model. All DAEMs allowed an accurate prediction of the TGA data; however, the Miura-Maki model could not account for the complete range of conversion for some substrates, while the Gaussian and logistic DAEMs suffered from the interrelation between the pre-exponential factor k0 and the mean activation energy E0--an obstacle that can be overcome by fixing the value of k0 a priori. The results confirmed the capabilities of DAEMs but also highlighted some drawbacks in their application to certain thermodegradation experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Trento University, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento (TN), Italy.
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16
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Wu HL, Lu SY, Yan JH, Li XD, Chen T. Thermal removal of PCDD/Fs from medical waste incineration fly ash--effect of temperature and nitrogen flow rate. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:361-367. [PMID: 21474161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The fly ash used in this study was collected from a bag filter in a medical waste rotary kiln incineration system, using lime and activated carbon injection followed by their collection as mixed fly ash. Experiments were conducted on fly ash in a quartz tube, heated in a laboratory-scale horizontal tube furnace, in order to study the effect of temperature and nitrogen flow rate on the removal of PCDD/Fs. Results indicated that in this study PCDD/Fs in the fly ash mostly were removed and desorbed very little into the flue gas under thermal treatment especially when the heating temperature was higher than 350 °C, and dechlorination and destruction reactions took important part in the removal of PCDD/Fs. However, in terms of flow rate, when flow rate was higher than 4 cm s(-1), destruction efficiency of PCDD/Fs decreased dramatically and the main contributors were P(5)CDF, H(6)CDF and H(7)CDF desorbed to flue gas, the PCDD/Fs in the fly ash decreased with enhanced flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
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17
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Cai J, Jin C, Yang S, Chen Y. Logistic distributed activation energy model--Part 1: Derivation and numerical parametric study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:1556-1561. [PMID: 20846853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new distributed activation energy model is presented using the logistic distribution to mathematically represent the pyrolysis kinetics of complex solid fuels. A numerical parametric study of the logistic distributed activation energy model is conducted to evaluate the influences of the model parameters on the numerical results of the model. The parameters studied include the heating rate, reaction order, frequency factor, mean of the logistic activation energy distribution, standard deviation of the logistic activation energy distribution. The parametric study addresses the dependence on the forms of the calculated α-T and dα/dT-T curves (α: reaction conversion, T: temperature). The study results would be very helpful to the application of the logistic distributed activation energy model, which is the main subject of the next part of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmeng Cai
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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18
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Tao L, Zhao G, Sun R, Wang Q. Combustion characteristics of particles of hazardous solid waste mixtures in a fixed bed. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 181:305-314. [PMID: 20570042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous waste disposal is vitally important as industrial production increases. Grate furnaces are a common means to incinerate hazardous waste. In this present work, a fixed bed assembly is used to experimentally model combustion within grate furnaces. Combustion characteristics are examined and the effects of primary air rate, moisture, bed height and particle size on burning rate, ignition-front speed and temperatures in the bed are also investigated. The results indicate that a rising temperature front descends through the bed while weight loss remains constant during the main combustion stage. Primary air rates and moisture content are shown to have significant effects on burning rates and average ignition-front speeds. Bed height has no effect on burning rates but does have an effect on average ignition-front speeds. Particle size is found to have slight effects on burning rates while having no effect on average ignition-front speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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19
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Tao L, Zhao GB, Qian J, Qin YK. TG-FTIR characterization of pyrolysis of waste mixtures of paint and tar slag. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 175:754-761. [PMID: 19926219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Safe disposal of hazardous waste is becoming generally more important as industrial production increases. The pyrolysis characteristics and gas evolution of mixtures of several wastes are discussed in this paper. Experiments are described for various heating rates, particle sizes and final temperatures using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results indicate that there are three stages in the pyrolysis process. The composition of evolved gas includes carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane, nitric oxide, hydrocyanic acid and a number of other light alkanes. Gas evolution temperatures and gas generation rates were significantly influenced by the factors identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
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