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Li X, Wu Y, Yang K, Zhu M, Wen J. The impact of microbial community structure changes on the migration and release of typical heavy metal (loid)s during the revegetation process of mercury-thallium mining waste slag. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118716. [PMID: 38490627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The effect of changes in microbial community structure on the migration and release of toxic heavy metal (loid)s is often ignored in ecological restoration. Here, we investigated a multi-metal (mercury and thallium, Tl) mine waste slag. With particular focus on its strong acidity, poor nutrition, and high toxicity pollution characteristics, we added fish manure and carbonate to the slag as environmental-friendly amendments. On this basis, ryegrass, which is suitable for the remediation of metal waste dumps, was then planted for ecological restoration. We finally explored the influence of changes in microbial community structure on the release of Tl and As in the waste slag during vegetation reconstruction. The results show that the combination of fish manure and carbonate temporarily halted the release of Tl, but subsequently promoted the release of Tl and arsenic (As), which was closely related to changes in the microbial community structure in the waste slag after fish manure and carbonate addition. The main reason for these patterns was that in the early stage of the experiment, Bacillaceae inhibited the release of Tl by secreting extracellular polymeric substances; with increasing time, Actinobacteriota became the dominant bacterium, which promoted the migration and release of Tl by mycelial disintegration of minerals. In addition, the exogenously added organic matter acted as an electron transport medium for reducing microorganisms and thus helped to reduce nitrate or As (Ⅴ) in the substrate, which reduced the redox potential of the waste slag and promoted As release. At the same time, the phylum Firmicutes, including specific dissimilatory As-reducing bacteria that are capable of converting As into a more soluble form, further promoted the release of As. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for guiding the ecological restoration of relevant heavy-metal (loid) mine waste dumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingying Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou Hostile Environment Ecological Restoration Technology Engineering Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Kaizhi Yang
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jichang Wen
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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2
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Zhan Y, Zhou Y, Wang E, Miao X, Zhou T, Yan N, Chen C, Li Q. Effects of reductive soil disinfestation combined with different types of organic materials on the microbial community and functions. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0080223. [PMID: 38230941 PMCID: PMC10846035 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00802-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective method to inhibit soilborne pathogens. However, it remains unclear how RSD combined with different types of organic materials affects the soil ecosystems of perennial plants. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of RSD incorporated with perilla (PF), alfalfa (MS), ethanol, and acetic acid on soil properties, enzyme activities, microbial communities and functions, and seedling growth. Results showed that RSD-related treatments improved soil properties and enzyme activities, changed microbial community composition and structure, enhanced microbial interactions and functions, and facilitated seedling growth. Compared with CK, RSD-related treatments increased soil pH, available nitrogen, and available potassium contents, sucrase and catalase activities, and decreased soil electric conductivity values. Meanwhile, RSD-related treatment also significantly reduced the relative abundance of Fusarium while increasing the relative abundance of Arthrobacter, Terrabacter, and Gemmatimonas. The reduction was more evident in PF and MS treatment, suggesting the potential for RSD combined with solid agricultural wastes to suppress pathogens. Furthermore, the microbial network of RSD-related treatment was more complex and interconnected, and the functions related to carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and hydrogen cycling were significantly increased, while the functions of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens were decreased. Importantly, RSD-related treatments also significantly promoted seed germination and seedling growth. In summary, RSD combined with solid agricultural wastes is better than liquid easily degradable compounds by regulating the composition and function of microbial communities to improve soil quality and promote plant growth.IMPORTANCEReductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective agricultural practice. We found that RSD combined with solid agricultural wastes is better than that of liquid easily degradable compounds, may improve soil quality and microbial community structure, inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and contribute to the growth of replanted crops. Thus, RSD combined with solid agricultural wastes is more effective than liquid easily degradable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ergang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Miao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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3
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Xiu W, Gai R, Chen S, Ren C, Lloyd JR, Bassil NM, Nixon SL, Polya DA, Hou S, Guo H. Ammonium-Enhanced Arsenic Mobilization from Aquifer Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38317381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Ammonium-related pathways are important for groundwater arsenic (As) enrichment, especially via microbial Fe(III) reduction coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation; however, the key pathways (and microorganisms) underpinning ammonium-induced Fe(III) reduction and their contributions to As mobilization in groundwater are still unknown. To address this gap, aquifer sediments hosting high As groundwater from the western Hetao Basin were incubated with 15N-labeled ammonium and external organic carbon sources (including glucose, lactate, and lactate/acetate). Decreases in ammonium concentrations were positively correlated with increases in the total produced Fe(II) (Fe(II)tot) and released As. The molar ratios of Fe(II)tot to oxidized ammonium ranged from 3.1 to 3.7 for all incubations, and the δ15N values of N2 from the headspace increased in 15N-labeled ammonium-treated series, suggesting N2 as the key end product of ammonium oxidation. The addition of ammonium increased the As release by 16.1% to 49.6%, which was more pronounced when copresented with organic electron donors. Genome-resolved metagenomic analyses (326 good-quality MAGs) suggested that ammonium-induced Fe(III) reduction in this system required syntrophic metabolic interactions between bacterial Fe(III) reduction and archaeal ammonium oxidation. The current results highlight the significance of syntrophic ammonium-stimulated Fe(III) reduction in driving As mobilization, which is underestimated in high As groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
- Institute of Earth sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
- MWR Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ruixuan Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
- Institute of Earth sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Songze Chen
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518049, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Department of Ocean Science and Department of Ocean Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
- MWR Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Naji M Bassil
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie L Nixon
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - David A Polya
- Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Shengwei Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-Omics, Department of Ocean Science and Department of Ocean Science & Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
- MWR Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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4
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He X, Yan W, Chen X, Li Q, Li M, Yan Y, Yan B, Yao Q, Li G, Wu T, Jia Y, Liu C. Degradation of algae promotes the release of arsenic from sediments under high-sulfate conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123154. [PMID: 38101530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate concentrations in eutrophic waters continue to increase; however, the transformations of arsenic (As) in sediments under these conditions are unclear. In this study, we constructed a series of microcosms to investigate the effect of algal degradation on As transformations in sediments with high sulfate concentrations. The results showed that both the elevated sulfate levels and algal degradation enhanced the release of As from sediments to the overlying water, and degradation of algal in the presence of elevated sulfate levels could further contribute to As release. Sulfate competed with arsenate for adsorption in the sediments, leading to As desorption, while algal degradation created a strongly anaerobic environment, leading to the loss of the redox layer in the surface sediments. With high sulfate, algal degradation enhanced sulfate reduction, and sulfur caused the formation of thioarsenates, which may cause re-dissolution of the arsenides, enhancing As mobility by changing the As speciation. The results of sedimentary As speciation analysis indicated that elevated sulfur levels and algal degradation led to a shift of As from Fe2O3/oxyhydroxide-bound state to specifically adsorbed state at the sediment water interface. This study indicated that algal degradation increases the risk of As pollution in sulfate-enriched eutrophic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Wenming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Minjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yulin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Binglong Yan
- Lianyungang Water Conservancy Planning and Designing Institute Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222006, China
| | - Qi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Gaoxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Tingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Shilianghe Reservoir Management Office, Lianyungang, 222006, China
| | - Congxian Liu
- Lianyungang Water Conservancy Bureau, Lianyungang, 222006, China
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Hassan Z, Westerhoff HV. Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater Is Determined by Complex Interactions between Various Chemical and Biological Processes. TOXICS 2024; 12:89. [PMID: 38276724 PMCID: PMC11154318 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
At a great many locations worldwide, the safety of drinking water is not assured due to pollution with arsenic. Arsenic toxicity is a matter of both systems chemistry and systems biology: it is determined by complex and intertwined networks of chemical reactions in the inanimate environment, in microbes in that environment, and in the human body. We here review what is known about these networks and their interconnections. We then discuss how consideration of the systems aspects of arsenic levels in groundwater may open up new avenues towards the realization of safer drinking water. Along such avenues, both geochemical and microbiological conditions can optimize groundwater microbial ecology vis-à-vis reduced arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hassan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, A-Life, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Hans V. Westerhoff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, A-Life, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Studies (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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6
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Hu L, Cheng N, Wang Y, Zhang D, Xu K, Lv X, Long Y. Arsenate microbial reducing behavior regulated by the temperature fields in landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:366-375. [PMID: 37343443 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Attention should be paid to the As(V) reducing behavior in landfills under different temperature fields. In this study, microcosm tests were conducted using enrichment culture from a landfill. The results revealed that the reduction rate of As(V) was significantly affected by the temperature field, with the highest reduction rate observed at 50 °C, followed by 35 °C, 25 °C, and 10 °C. Different As cycling pathways were observed under various temperature fields. At room and medium temperatures, As4S4 was detected, indicating that both biomineralization and methylation processes occurred after As(V) reduction. However, only biogenic methylation was observed under high or low temperatures, indicating that the viability and adaptability of microorganisms varied depending on the temperature field and As contents. Pseudomonas was found to be the primary genus and dominant As(V) reduction bacteria (ARB) in all reactors. The study revealed that Pseudomonas accounted for a significant proportion of arsC genes, ranging from 87.29% to 97.59%, while arsCs genes were predominantly found in Bacillales and Closestridiales, with a contribution ranging from 89.17% to 96.59%. Interestingly, Bacillus and Clostridium were found to possess arsA genes in their metagenome-ssembled genome, resulting in a higher As(V) reducing rate under medium and high temperatures. These findings underscore the importance of temperature in modulating As(V) reducing behavior and As cycling, and could have implications for managing As pollution in landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Na Cheng
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dongchen Zhang
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ke Xu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaofei Lv
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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7
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DeVore CL, Rodriguez-Freire L, Villa N, Soleimanifar M, Gonzalez-Estrella J, Ali AMS, Lezama-Pacheco J, Ducheneaux C, Cerrato JM. Mobilization of As, Fe, and Mn from Contaminated Sediment in Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions: Chemical or Microbiological Triggers? ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2022; 6:1644-1654. [PMID: 36238447 PMCID: PMC9555341 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We integrated aqueous chemistry, spectroscopy, and microbiology techniques to identify chemical and microbial processes affecting the release of arsenic (As), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) from contaminated sediments exposed to aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The sediments were collected from Cheyenne River Sioux Tribal lands in South Dakota, which has dealt with mining legacy for several decades. The range of concentrations of total As measured from contaminated sediments was 96 to 259 mg kg-1, which co-occurs with Fe (21 000-22 005 mg kg-1) and Mn (682-703 mg kg-1). The transition from aerobic to anaerobic redox conditions yielded the highest microbial diversity, and the release of the highest concentrations of As, Fe, and Mn in batch experiments reacted with an exogenous electron donor (glucose). The reduction of As was confirmed by XANES analyses when transitioning from aerobic to anaerobic conditions. In contrast, the releases of As, Fe and Mn after a reaction with phosphate was at least 1 order of magnitude lower compared with experiments amended with glucose. Our results indicate that mine waste sediments amended with an exogenous electron donor trigger microbial reductive dissolution caused by anaerobic respiration. These dissolution processes can affect metal mobilization in systems transitioning from aerobic to anaerobic conditions in redox gradients. Our results are relevant for natural systems, for surface and groundwater exchange, or other systems in which metal cycling is influenced by chemical and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie L DeVore
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, MSC01 1070, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States; Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lucia Rodriguez-Freire
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Noelani Villa
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, MSC01 1070, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Maedeh Soleimanifar
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jorge Gonzalez-Estrella
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, MSC01 1070, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Abdul Mehdi S Ali
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MSC03 2040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Juan Lezama-Pacheco
- Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Carlyle Ducheneaux
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Eagle Butte, South Dakota 57625, United States
| | - José M Cerrato
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, MSC01 1070, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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8
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Reductive Soil Disinfestation Enhances Microbial Network Complexity and Function in Intensively Cropped Greenhouse Soil. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective practice to eliminate plant pathogens and improve the soil microbial community. However, little is known about how RSD treatment affects microbial interactions and functions. Previous study has shown that RSD-regulated microbiomes may degenerate after re-planting with former crops, while the effect of planting with different crops is still unclear. Here, the effects of both RSD treatment and succession planting with different crops on microbial community composition, interactions, and functions were investigated. Results showed that RSD treatment improves the soil microbial community, decreases the relative abundance of plant pathogens, and effectively enhances microbial interactions and functions. The microbial network associated with RSD treatment was more complex and connected. The functions of hydrocarbon (C, H), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) cycling were significantly increased in RSD-treated soil, while the functions of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens were decreased. Furthermore, the bacterial and fungal communities present in the RSD-treated soil, and soil succession planted with different crops, were found to be significantly different compared to untreated soil. In summary, we report that RSD treatment can improve soil quality by regulating the interactions of microbial communities and multifunctionality.
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Bourhane Z, Lanzén A, Cagnon C, Ben Said O, Mahmoudi E, Coulon F, Atai E, Borja A, Cravo-Laureau C, Duran R. Microbial diversity alteration reveals biomarkers of contamination in soil-river-lake continuum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126789. [PMID: 34365235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting soil-water-sediment continuum in coastal areas provide important ecosystem services. Their adaptation in response to environmental stressors, particularly mitigating the impact of pollutants discharged from human activities, has been considered for the development of microbial biomonitoring tools, but their use is still in the infancy. Here, chemical and molecular (16S rRNA gene metabarcoding) approaches were combined in order to determine the impact of pollutants on microbial assemblages inhabiting the aquatic network of a soil-water-sediment continuum around the Ichkeul Lake (Tunisia), an area highly impacted by human activities. Samples were collected within the soil-river-lake continuum at three stations in dry (summer) and wet (winter) seasons. The contaminant pressure index (PI), which integrates Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkanes, Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and metal contents, and the microbial pressure index microgAMBI, based on bacterial community structure, showed significant correlation with contamination level and differences between seasons. The comparison of prokaryotic communities further revealed specific assemblages for soil, river and lake sediments. Correlation analyses identified potential "specialist" genera for the different compartments, whose abundances were correlated with the pollutant type found. Additionally, PICRUSt analysis revealed the metabolic potential for pollutant transformation or degradation of the identified "specialist" species, providing information to estimate the recovery capacity of the ecosystem. Such findings offer the possibility to define a relevant set of microbial indicators for assessing the effects of human activities on aquatic ecosystems. Microbial indicators, including the detection of "specialist" and sensitive taxa, and their functional capacity, might be useful, in combination with integrative microbial indices, to constitute accurate biomonitoring tools for the management and restoration of complex coastal aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Bourhane
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, UPPA/E2S, IPREM CNRS 5254, Pau, France
| | - Anders Lanzén
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Christine Cagnon
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, UPPA/E2S, IPREM CNRS 5254, Pau, France
| | - Olfa Ben Said
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LBE, Tunisia
| | - Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LBE, Tunisia
| | - Frederic Coulon
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK430AL, UK
| | - Emmanuel Atai
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield MK430AL, UK
| | - Angel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Robert Duran
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, UPPA/E2S, IPREM CNRS 5254, Pau, France.
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10
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Hu L, Zhang D, Qian Y, Nie Z, Long Y, Shen D, Fang C, Yao J. Microbes drive changes in arsenic species distribution during the landfill process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118322. [PMID: 34634411 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfills are considered an anthropogenic source of arsenic (As). The As species mediated by microbes in landfills vary significantly in toxicity. Based on random matrix theory, 16S rRNA genes were used to construct four microbial networks associated with different stages over 12 years of landfill ages. The results indicated that network size and microbial structure varied with landfill age. According to the network scores, about 208 taxa were identified as putative keystones for the whole landfill; the majority of them were Firmicutes, which accounted for 66.8% of all specialists. Random Forest analysis was performed to predict the keystone taxa most responsible for As species distribution under different landfill conditions; 17, 10 and 14 keystone taxa were identified as drivers affecting As species distribution at early, middle, and later landfill stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dongchen Zhang
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yating Qian
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhiyuan Nie
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Chengran Fang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jun Yao
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, China
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11
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Nguyen HT, Kim Y, Choi JW, Jeong S, Cho K. Soil microbial communities-mediated bioattenuation in simulated aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) condition: Long-term study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111069. [PMID: 33785325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the long-term organic removal performance and microbial community shift in simulated aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) conditions. For this purpose, anoxic soil box systems were operated at 15 °C for one year. The results showed that the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration in the anoxic soil box systems was successfully decreased by 79.1%. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration increased during the initial operational periods; however, it subsequently decreased during long-term operation. Readily biodegradable organic fractions (i.e., low-molecular weight (LMW) neutrals and LMW acids) decreased along with time elapsed, whereas non-biodegradable fraction (i.e., humic substances) increased. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota were predominant in the anoxic box systems throughout the operational periods. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota suddenly increased during the initial operational period while Gemmatimonadota slightly increased during prolonged long-term operation. Interestingly, the microbial community structures were significantly shifted with respect to the operational periods while the effects of AOC/NO3- addition were negligible. Various bacterial species preferring low temperature or anoxic conditions were detected as predominant bacteria. Some denitrifying (i.e., Noviherbaspirillum denitrificans) and iron reducing bacteria (i.e., Geobacter spp.) appeared during the long-term operation; these bacterial communities also acted as organic degraders in the simulated ASR systems. The findings of this study suggest that the application of natural bioattenuation using indigenous soil microbial communities can be a promising option as an organic carbon management strategy in ASR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi Nguyen
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Choi
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongpil Jeong
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Yuan ZF, Gustave W, Boyle J, Sekar R, Bridge J, Ren Y, Tang X, Guo B, Chen Z. Arsenic behavior across soil-water interfaces in paddy soils: Coupling, decoupling and speciation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128713. [PMID: 33162156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sharp redox gradient at soil-water interfaces (SWI) plays a key role in controlling arsenic (As) translocation and transformation in paddy soils. When Eh drops, As is released to porewater from solid iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) minerals and reduced to arsenite. However, the coupling or decoupling processes operating within the redox gradient at the SWI in flooded paddy soils remain poorly constrained due to the lack of direct evidence. In this paper, we reported the mm-scale mapping of Fe, As and other associated elements across the redox gradient in the SWI of five different paddy soils. The results showed a strong positive linear relationship between dissolved Fe, Mn, As, and phosphorus (P) in 4 out of the 5 paddy soils, indicating the general coupling of these elements. However, decoupling of Fe, Mn and As was observed in one of the paddy soils. In this soil, distinct releasing profiles of Mn, As and Fe were observed, and the releasing order followed the redox ladder. Further investigation of As species showed the ratio of arsenite to total As dropped from 100% to 75.5% and then kept stable along depth of the soil profile, which indicates a dynamic equilibrium between arsenite oxidization and arsenate reduction. This study provides direct evidence of multi-elements' interaction along redox gradient of SWI in paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Feng Yuan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Williamson Gustave
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 7ZX, UK; Chemistry, Environmental & Life Sciences, University of the Bahamas, New Providence, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - John Boyle
- Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, Roxby Building, Liverpool, L69 7ZT, UK
| | - Raju Sekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jonathan Bridge
- Department of Natural and Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard St, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Yuxiang Ren
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xianjin Tang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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13
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Liu P, Yang Y, Li M. Responses of soil and earthworm gut bacterial communities to heavy metal contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114921. [PMID: 32540597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The large accumulation of heavy metals in the soil surrounding steel factories has become a severe environmental problem. However, few studies have focused on how the earthworm gut microbiota responds to heavy metals in the soil. This study used research sites at a steel factory in Nanjing, China, to investigate how the soil bacterial community and earthworm gut microbiota respond differently to heavy metal contamination using Illumina high-throughput sequencing targeting 16S rRNA genes. The bacterial community of earthworm guts showed a distinct structure compared with that of the soil, featuring a higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria (45.7%) and Bacteroidetes (18.8%). The bacterial community in the earthworm gut appeared more susceptible to heavy metal contamination compared with the soil community. For example, we identified 38 OTUs (Operational taxonomic units) significantly influenced by contamination among 186 abundant OTUs in the soil, whereas 63 out of the 127 abundant OTUs in the earthworm gut were altered significantly under contamination. This susceptibility may be partly explained by the lower alpha diversity and distinct microbial interactions in the gut. In addition, the accumulation of heavy metals also stimulated the growth of potential plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in the earthworm gut, especially those related to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) production, which may potentially benefit the phyto-remediation of heavy metals. These results contribute to our understanding of the soil biota and its interactions under heavy metal contamination and may provide further insights into the phyto-remediation of metal-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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14
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Feng J, Zhu Y, Shentu J, Lu Z, He Y, Xu J. Pollution adaptive responses of root-associated microbiomes induced the promoted but different attenuation of soil residual lindane: Differences between maize and soybean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 732:139170. [PMID: 32438166 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize plant-associated environments and constitute complex communities aided in key functions for nutrient acquisition, disease suppression and abiotic stress resistance. In this study, we evaluated the variation of root-associated microbiomes of two typical farmland crops, maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) respond to organochlorine pesticide stress, taking lindane as an example. Results showed that there were promoted but different attenuation rates of residual lindane in rhizosphere soils during maize and soybean growth, and the differential is due to the comprehensive effects of plant characters and microbial activities. Organochlorine pollution did not have significant impact on the microbial diversity and populations in all rhizo-compartments, but mostly stimulated the microbial connectivity. The multistep and decreasing processes for root-associated microbiomes of both maize and soybean were spatially different and mainly dependent on the shaping roles of host plants. These results expand our understandings of the organochlorine influence on the underground ecological system in crop-dependent soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Feng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jue Shentu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Feng J, Shentu J, Zhu Y, Tang C, He Y, Xu J. Crop-dependent root-microbe-soil interactions induce contrasting natural attenuation of organochlorine lindane in soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113580. [PMID: 31753626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific root-microbe-soil interactions play an indisputable role in microbial adaptation to environmental stresses. However, the assembly of plant rhizosphere microbiomes and their feedbacks in modification of pollution alleviation under organochlorine stress condition is far less clear. This study examined the response of root-associated bacterial microbiomes to lindane pollution and compared the dissipation of lindane in maize-cultivated dry soils and rice-cultivated flooded soils. Results showed that lindane pollution dramatically altered the microbial structure in the rhizosphere soil of maize but had less influence on the microbial composition in flooded treatments regardless of rice growth, when the reductive dechlorination of lindane was actively coupled with natural redox processes under anaerobic conditions. After 30 days of plant growth, lindane residues dissipated much faster in anaerobic than in aerobic environments, with only 1.08 mg kg-1 lindane remaining in flooded control compared to 12.79 mg kg-1 in dry control soils. Compared to the corresponding unplanted control, maize growth significantly increased, but rice growth slightly decreased the dissipation of lindane. Our study suggests that opposite impacts would lead to the self-purification of polluted soils during the growth of xerophytic maize and hygrocolous rice. This was attributed to the contrasting belowground micro-ecological processes regarding protection of root tissues and thereby assembly of rhizosphere microbiomes shaped by the xerophytic and hygrocolous crops under different water managements, in response to lindane pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Feng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jue Shentu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanjie Zhu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
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16
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Mohapatra B, Kazy SK, Sar P. Comparative genome analysis of arsenic reducing, hydrocarbon metabolizing groundwater bacterium Achromobacter sp. KAs 3-5T explains its competitive edge for survival in aquifer environment. Genomics 2019; 111:1604-1619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Cui J, Jing C. A review of arsenic interfacial geochemistry in groundwater and the role of organic matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109550. [PMID: 31419698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries on arsenic (As) biogeochemistry in aquifer-sediment system have strongly improved our understanding of As enrichment mechanisms in groundwater. We summarize here the research results since 2015 focusing on the As interfacial geochemistry including As speciation, transformation, and mobilization. We discuss the chemical extraction and speciation of As in environmental matrices, followed by As redox change and (im)mobilization in typical minerals and aquifer system. Then, the microbial-assisted reductive dissolution of Fe (hydr)oxides and As transformation and liberation are summarized from the aspects of bacterial isolates, microbial community and gene analysis by comparing As rich groundwater cases worldwide. Finally, the potential effect of organic matter on As interfacial geochemistry are addressed in the aspects of chemical interactions and microbial respiring activities for Fe and As reductive release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Cui
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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18
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Cavalca L, Zecchin S, Zaccheo P, Abbas B, Rotiroti M, Bonomi T, Muyzer G. Exploring Biodiversity and Arsenic Metabolism of Microbiota Inhabiting Arsenic-Rich Groundwaters in Northern Italy. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1480. [PMID: 31312188 PMCID: PMC6614289 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of groundwater aquifers is an issue of global concern. Among the affected sites, in several Italian groundwater aquifers arsenic levels above the WHO limits for drinking water are present, with consequent issues of public concern. In this study, for the first time, the role of microbial communities in metalloid cycling in groundwater samples from Northern Italy lying on Pleistocene sediments deriving from Alps mountains has been investigated combining environmental genomics and cultivation approaches. 16S rRNA gene libraries revealed a high number of yet uncultured species, which in some of the study sites accounted for more of the 50% of the total community. Sequences related to arsenic-resistant bacteria (arsenate-reducing and arsenite-oxidizing) were abundant in most of the sites, while arsenate-respiring bacteria were negligible. In some of the sites, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Sulfuricurvum accounted for more than 50% of the microbial community, whereas iron-cycling bacteria were less represented. In some aquifers, arsenotrophy, growth coupled to autotrophic arsenite oxidation, was suggested by detection of arsenite monooxygenase (aioA) and 1,5-ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) cbbL genes of microorganisms belonging to Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales. Enrichment cultures established from sampled groundwaters in laboratory conditions with 1.5 mmol L-1 of arsenite as sole electron donor were able to oxidize up to 100% of arsenite, suggesting that this metabolism is active in groundwaters. The presence of heterotrophic arsenic resistant bacteria was confirmed by enrichment cultures in most of the sites. The overall results provided a first overview of the microorganisms inhabiting arsenic-contaminated aquifers in Northern Italy and suggested the importance of sulfur-cycling bacteria in the biogeochemistry of arsenic in these ecosystems. The presence of active arsenite-oxidizing bacteria indicates that biological oxidation of arsenite, in combination with arsenate-adsorbing materials, could be employed for metalloid removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cavalca
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Zecchin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zaccheo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ben Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Marco Rotiroti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullia Bonomi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerard Muyzer
- Microbial Systems Ecology, Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Rathod J, Jean JS, Jiang WT, Huang IH, Liu BH, Lee YC. Micro-colonization of arsenic-resistant Staphylococcus sp. As-3 on arsenopyrite (FeAsS) drives arsenic mobilization under anoxic sub-surface mimicking conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:527-539. [PMID: 30884274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the subsurface biomatrix of the most abundant As-mineral, arsenopyrite (FeAsS), and meticulously studied a potential biogenic arsenic mobilization phenomenon. An arsenic-resistant [up to 7.5 mM As(III) and 200 mM As(V)] and arsenate-reducing bacterial strain (Staphylococcus sp. As-3) was isolated from a sediment core sample taken from the Budai borehole, on the southwestern coast of Taiwan. Isolate As-3 could reduce 5 mM As(V) to 3.04 mM in 96 h, generating 1.6 mM As(III) under anoxic conditions. Isolate As-3, which adsorbed As(V) up to 19.02 mg g-1 (cdw) and As(III) up to 0.46 mg g-1 (cdw), demonstrated effective As-bioaccumulating ability, as corroborated by a TEM-EDS analysis. Under anaerobic batch conditions, isolate As-3 micro-colonies could grow on as well as interact with arsenopyrite (FeAsS), mobilizing arsenic into soluble phase as As(III) and As(V). Using synchrotron radiation-based FTIR micro-spectroscopy, various functional group signatures and critical chemical bonds enabling a direct interaction with arsenopyrite were underpinned, such as a potential P-OFe bond involved in facilitating bacteria-mineral interaction. Using atomic force microscopy, we analyzed the scattered bacterial cell arrangement and structure and measured various biomechanical properties of micro-colonized Staphylococcus sp. As-3 cells on arsenopyrite. We suggest that the release of organic acids from As-3 drives soluble arsenic release in the aqueous phase under anoxic conditions through oxidative dissolution. Furthermore, arsC-encoding putative cytoplasmic arsenic reductase sequencing and transcript characterization indicated that arsC plays a possible role in the reduction of moderately soluble As(V) to highly soluble toxic As(III) under anoxic conditions. Thus, we suggest that firmicutes such as Staphylococcus sp. As-3 may play an important role in microbially-mediated arsenic mobilization, leading to arsenic release in the sub-surface niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat Rathod
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Shuh Jean
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Teh Jiang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signalling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Life Science Group, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan; Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
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20
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Rathod J, Dhanani AS, Jean JS, Jiang WT. The whole genome insight on condition-specific redox activity and arsenopyrite interaction promoting As-mobilization by strain Lysinibacillus sp. B2A1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:671-681. [PMID: 30399550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A gram-positive spore former, Lysinibacillus sp. B2A1 was isolated from a high arsenic containing groundwater of Beimen2A well, Chianan Plain area, Southwestern Taiwan. Noteworthy, in the subsurface-mimicking anoxic incubation with a Na-lactate amendment system, this isolate could interact with arsenic-source mineral arsenopyrite and enhance arsenic mobilization. Further, the isolate showed elevated levels of arsenic resistance, 200 mM and 7.5 mM for arsenate and arsenite, respectively. Lysinibacillus sp. B2A1 demonstrated condition-specific redox activities including salient oxic oxidation of arsenite and anoxic reduction of arsenate. The elevated rate of As(III) oxidation (Vmax = 0.13 μM min-1 per 106 cells, Km = 15.3 μM) under oxic conditions was potent. Correlating with stout persistence in an arsenic-rich niche, remarkably, the lesser toxic effects of arsenic ions on bacterial sporulation frequency and germination highlight this strain's ability to thrive under catastrophic conditions. Moreover, the whole genome analysis elucidated diverse metal redox/resistance genes that included a potential arsenite S-adenosylmethyltransferase capable of mitigating arsenite toxicity. Owing to its arsenic resistance, conditional redox activities and ability to interact with arsenic minerals leading to arsenic mobilization, the presence of such spore-forming strains could be a decisive indication towards arsenic mobilization in subsurface aquifers having a high concentration of soluble arsenic or its source minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat Rathod
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1st University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Akhilesh S Dhanani
- Department of Pharmacology, Room 5-D, Tupper Medical Building,5850 College Street, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jiin-Shuh Jean
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1st University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Teh Jiang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1st University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
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21
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Zeng XC, Yang Y, Shi W, Peng Z, Chen X, Zhu X, Wang Y. Microbially Mediated Methylation of Arsenic in the Arsenic-Rich Soils and Sediments of Jianghan Plain. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1389. [PMID: 30034374 PMCID: PMC6043643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost nothing is known about the activities and diversities of microbial communities involved in As methylation in arsenic-rich shallow and deep sediments; the correlations between As biomethylation and environmental parameters also remain to be elucidated. To address these issues, we collected 9 arsenic-rich soil/sediment samples from the depths of 1, 30, 65, 95, 114, 135, 175, 200, and 223 m in Jianghan Plain, China. We used microcosm assays to determine the As-methylating activities of the microbial communities in the samples. To exclude false negative results, we amended the microcosms with 0.2 mM As(III) and 20.0 mM lactate. The results indicated that the microbial communities in all of the samples significantly catalyzed arsenic methylation. The arsM genes were detectable from all the samples with the exception of 175 m, and 90 different arsM genes were identified. All of these genes code for new or new-type ArsM proteins, suggesting that new As-methylating microorganisms are widely distributed in the samples from shallow to deep sediments. To determine whether microbial biomethylation of As occurs in the sediments under natural geochemical conditions, we conducted microcosm assays without exogenous As and carbons. After 80.0 days of incubation, approximately 4.5–15.5 μg/L DMAsV were detected in all of the microcosms with the exception of that from 30 m, and 2.0–9.0 μg/L MMAsV were detected in the microcosms of 65, 114, 135, 175, 200, and 223 m; moreover, approximately 18.7–151.5 μg/L soluble As(V) were detected from the nine sediment samples. This suggests that approximately 5.3, 0, 8.1, 28.9, 18.0, 8.7, 13.8, 10.2, and 14.9% of total dissolved As were methylated by the microbial communities in the sediment samples from 1, 30, 65, 95, 114, 135, 175, 200, and 223 m, respectively. The concentrations of biogenic DMAsV show significant positive correlations with the depths of sediments, and negative correlations with the environmental NH4+ and NaCl concentrations, but show no significant correlations with other environmental parameters, such as NO3-, SO42+, TOC, TON, Fe, Sb, Cu, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Al. This work helps to better understand the biogeochemical cycles of arsenic in arsenic-rich shallow and deep sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Chun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanxia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaofeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianbin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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22
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Gwon HS, Khan MI, Alam MA, Das S, Kim PJ. Environmental risk assessment of steel-making slags and the potential use of LD slag in mitigating methane emissions and the grain arsenic level in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 353:236-243. [PMID: 29674098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, with increasing steel manufacturing, the huge amount of by-products (slags) generated need to be reused in an efficient way not only to reduce landfill slag sites but also for sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture. Our preliminary laboratory study revealed that compared to blast furnace slag, electric arc furnace slag and ladle furnace slag, the Linz-Donawitz converter (LD) slag markedly decreased CH4 production rate and increased microbial activity. In the greenhouse experiment, the LD slag amendment (2.0 Mg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05) increased grain yield by 10.3-15.2%, reduced CH4 emissions by 17.8-24.0%, and decreased inorganic As concentrations in grain by 18.3-19.6%, compared to the unamended control. The increase in yield is attributed to the increased photosynthetic rates and increased availability of nutrients to the rice plant. Whereas, the decrease in CH4 emissions could be due to the higher Fe availability in the slag amended soil, which acted as an alternate electron acceptor, thereby, suppressed CH4 emissions. The more Fe-plaque formation which could adsorb more As and the competitive inhibition of As uptake with higher availability of Si could be the reason for the decrease in As uptake by rice cultivated with LD slag amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Suk Gwon
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Israr Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ashraful Alam
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvendu Das
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Wu M, Li G, Chen X, Liu J, Liu M, Jiang C, Li Z. Rational dose of insecticide chlorantraniliprole displays a transient impact on the microbial metabolic functions and bacterial community in a silty-loam paddy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:236-244. [PMID: 29117582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a newly developed insecticide widely used in rice fields in China. There have been few studies regarding its effects on soil microbial functional diversity and bacterial community composition. An 85-day microcosm experiment was performed to reveal the dissipation dynamics of CAP under different application doses in a silty-loam paddy soil in subtropical China. The half-life of CAP was 51.3 and 62.5d for low (1mgkg-1) and high (10mgkg-1) application dose, respectively. We used a combination of community level physiological profile (CLPP) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to get insights into the soil microbial features responded to CAP during the experiment. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) performed on CLPP and the sequence results indicated that the soil microbial functional diversity and bacterial community composition were significantly changed by CAP application at day 14, and recovered to the similar level as no CAP treatment (CK) under low dose of CAP at day 36. However, high dose of CAP imposed longer effect on these soil microbial features, and was still significantly different from CK at day 36. Mcrobial taxa analysis at phylum level showed that high dose of CAP decreased the relative abundance of Nitrospirae at day 14, while increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Firmicutes at day 36 in relative to CK. Low dose of CAP only increased Crenarchaeota and decreased Nitrospirae at day 14. The response ratio (RR) analysis was used to quantify significant responses of OTUs to different doses of CAP and found that CAP significantly affected the microbes involving the N transformation. This study provides a basic information to aid in the development of application regulations regarding the safe use of CAP in soil and inspire us to apply CAP at rational dose to minimize its ecotoxicity on soil microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaofen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhongpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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24
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Das S, Chou ML, Jean JS, Yang HJ, Kim PJ. Arsenic-enrichment enhanced root exudates and altered rhizosphere microbial communities and activities in hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 325:279-287. [PMID: 27940117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of arsenic (As)-contaminated soil by hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata is promising. A better understanding of the rhizosphere microbial dynamics that regulate As availability and plant growth is important to optimize the phytoremediation process. In this study, Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was applied to assess the rhizosphere microbial community structure of P. vittata. Microbial functionality was monitored by soil enzyme activities and MPN-PCR targeting genes of interest. Arsenic (100mgkg-1 AsV) addition to soil significantly increased DOC, root exudates, As and P uptake and the frond biomass of P. vittata. Moreover, As-enrichment significantly increased soil enzyme activities involved in N, P and S cycling and the gene abundance of As transforming bacteria, Fe- and S-reducing bacteria and N and C fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of P. vittata. Together, the results revealed that the combined selective pressure of As and rhizosphere resulted in stimulation of microbial community, which most likely has a role in reductive dissolution of Fe and S, As and P mobilization, C degradation and fixation, and N fixation. These changes appeared to have a role in mitigation of As toxicity and to promote growth and the As uptake ability of P. vittata under As-enriched conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Das
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Institute of Agricultural Science and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mon-Lin Chou
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Shuh Jean
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Huai-Jen Yang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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25
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Mirza BS, Sorensen DL, Dupont RR, McLean JE. New Arsenate Reductase Gene (arrA) PCR Primers for Diversity Assessment and Quantification in Environmental Samples. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e02725-16. [PMID: 27913413 PMCID: PMC5288830 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02725-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of arsenic contamination in drinking water and its potential threat to human health have resulted in considerable research interest in the microbial species responsible for arsenic reduction. The arsenate reductase gene (arrA), an important component of the microbial arsenate reduction system, has been widely used as a biomarker to study arsenate-reducing microorganisms. A new primer pair was designed and evaluated for quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing of the arrA gene, because currently available PCR primers are not suitable for these applications. The primers were evaluated in silico and empirically tested for amplification of arrA genes in clones and for amplification and high-throughput sequencing of arrA genes from soil and groundwater samples. In silico, this primer pair matched (≥90% DNA identity) 86% of arrA gene sequences from GenBank. Empirical evaluation showed successful amplification of arrA gene clones of diverse phylogenetic groups, as well as amplification and high-throughput sequencing of independent soil and groundwater samples without preenrichment, suggesting that these primers are highly specific and can amplify a broad diversity of arrA genes. The arrA gene diversity from soil and groundwater samples from the Cache Valley Basin (CVB) in Utah was greater than anticipated. We observed a significant correlation between arrA gene abundance, quantified through qPCR, and reduced arsenic (AsIII) concentrations in the groundwater samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these primers can be useful for studying the diversity of arsenate-reducing microbial communities and the ways in which their relative abundance in groundwater may be associated with different groundwater quality parameters. IMPORTANCE Arsenic is a major drinking water contaminant that threatens the health of millions of people worldwide. The extent of arsenic contamination and its potential threat to human health have resulted in considerable interest in the study of microbial species responsible for the reduction of arsenic, i.e., the conversion of AsV to AsIII In this study, we developed a new primer pair to evaluate the diversity and abundance of arsenate-reducing microorganisms in soil and groundwater samples from the CVB in Utah. We observed significant arrA gene diversity in the CVB soil and groundwater samples, and arrA gene abundance was significantly correlated with the reduced arsenic (AsIII) concentrations in the groundwater samples. We think that these primers are useful for studying the ecology of arsenate-reducing microorganisms in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babur S Mirza
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Darwin L Sorensen
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - R Ryan Dupont
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Joan E McLean
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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