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Shi J, Ge QW, Zhu RR, Liu BH, Liang CK, Zhuang X. [A study on the mediation effect of insulin use on diabetic retinopathy in a community population]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2023; 59:643-649. [PMID: 37550972 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20221217-00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes and the mediating effect of insulin use on the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and DR. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Random cluster sampling was conducted using a random number table method. A total of 84 sampling points (including 2 pilot points) were selected from the registered population of patients with type 2 diabetes aged 50 years and above at the Disease Prevention and Control Center in Funing County, Jiangsu Province. Questionnaires and biochemical tests were performed to obtain information on the general characteristics of the participants, medical history, insulin use, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Ocular examinations, including anterior segment and fundus examinations, were conducted. The participants were divided into two groups, DR (diabetic retinopathy) and non-DR, based on the presence or absence of retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, neovascularization, preretinal or vitreous hemorrhage. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the influencing factors for DR. The Karlson-Holm-Breen analysis method was used for mediation effect analysis. Results: A total of 2 067 diabetic patients were enrolled, of whom 1 965 completed the survey and 1 802 were included in the statistical analysis, resulting in a response rate of 87.2%. Among them, 660 patients were diagnosed with DR, with a detection rate of 36.63%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that diabetes duration (OR=1.166, 95%CI: 1.138-1.196), family history of diabetes (OR=1.325, 95%CI: 1.001-1.755), insulin therapy (OR=1.995, 95%CI: 1.434-2.777), HbA1c level (OR=1.513, 95%CI: 1.189-1.925), and alcohol consumption (OR=0.712, 95%CI: 0.514-0.985) were independent risk factors for DR. The mediating effect of insulin use accounted for 13.67% of the total effect of HbA1c on DR (P<0.001). Conclusions: The risk factors for DR in patients with diabetes include a history of insulin therapy, longer duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, alcohol consumption, and high HbA1c levels. Insulin use increases the impact of HbA1c on DR and has a partial mediating effect on DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Q W Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - R R Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - B H Liu
- Shi Zhuang Eye Hospital of Funing County, Yancheng 224400, China
| | - C K Liang
- Funing county disease prevention and control center, Yancheng 224400, China
| | - X Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Wang YX, Deng YH, Tan YL, Liu BH. [Predictive value of stress-induced hyperglycemia on 28 d risk of all-cause death in intensive care patients]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 55:442-449. [PMID: 37291919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between stress glucose elevation and the risk of 28 d all-cause mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and to compare the predictive efficacy of different stress glucose elevation indicators. METHODS ICU patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅳ (MIMIC-Ⅳ) database were used as the study subjects, and the stress glucose elevation indicators were divided into Q1 (0-25%), Q2 (>25%- 75%), and Q3 (>75%-100%) groups, with whether death occurred in the ICU and the duration of treatment in the ICU as outcome variables, and demographic characteristics, laboratory indicators, and comorbidities as covariates, Cox regression and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the association between stress glucose elevation and the risk of 28 d all-cause death in ICU patients; and subject work characteristics [receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the area under curve (AUC)] were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of different stress glucose elevation indicators, The stress hyperglycemia indexes included: stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR1, SHR2), glucose gap (GG); and the stress hyperglycemia index was further incorporated into the Oxford acute severity of illness score (OASIS) to investigate the predictive efficacy of the improved scores: the AUC was used to assess the score discrimination, and the larger the AUC indicated, the better score discrimination. The Brier score was used to evaluate the calibration of the score, and a smaller Brier score indicated a better calibration of the score. RESULTS A total of 5 249 ICU patients were included, of whom 7.56% occurred in ICU death. Cox regression analysis after adjusting for confounders showed that the HR (95%CI) for 28 d all-cause mortality in the ICU patients was 1.545 (1.077-2.217), 1.602 (1.142-2.249) and 1.442 (1.001-2.061) for the highest group Q3 compared with the lowest group Q1 for SHR1, SHR2 and GG, respectively, and The risk of death in the ICU patients increased progressively with increasing indicators of stressful blood glucose elevation (Ptrend < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a linear relationship between SHR and the 28 d all-cause mortality risk (P>0.05). the AUC of SHR2 and GG was significantly higher than that of SHR1: AUCSHR2=0.691 (95%CI: 0.661-0.720), AUCGG=0.685 (95%CI: 0.655-0.714), and AUCSHR1=0.680 (95%CI: 0.650-0.709), P < 0.05. The inclusion of SHR2 in the OASIS scores significantly improved the discrimination and calibration of the scores: AUCOASIS=0.820 (95%CI: 0.791-0.848), AUCOASIS+SHR2=0.832 (95%CI: 0.804-0.859), P < 0.05; Brier scoreOASIS=0.071, Brier scoreOASIS+SHR2=0.069. CONCLUSION Stressful glucose elevation is strongly associated with 28 d all-cause mortality risk in ICU patients and may inform clinical management and decision making in intensive care patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y H Deng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y L Tan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - B H Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
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Lu ZL, Gao ML, Deng Y, Liu BH, Li N, Geng Q. [Role of Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2022; 45:1266-1270. [PMID: 36480859 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20220308-00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI)is a common complication after lung transplantation and cardiopulmonary bypass. It is an important factor affecting the success rate of transplantation. Its specific pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. It is very significant to find the targets and drugs for the prevention and treatment of LIRI in order to improving the utilization rate of "marginal donor lung" and the long-term survival rate of lung transplant patients. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4) inhibitors are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents. Previous studies have shown that DPP4 inhibitors have a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory and other extrapancreatic functions. Recent studies have shown that DPP4 inhibitors may alleviate LIRI through various mechanisms, including inhibiting inflammatory responses, reducing oxidative stress, regulating blood glucose levels, and activating autophagy. This article reviewed the clinical and preclinical applications and mechanisms of DPP4 inhibitors in LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - M L Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Y Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - B H Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - N Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Q Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Zhang W, Liu BH, Xia CD, Qiu JH, Lou HP, Di JD, Xue G, Li G. [Predictive value of D-dimer for deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity in adult burn patients]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2022; 38:335-340. [PMID: 35462511 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20201021-00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the predictive value of D-dimer for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity in adult burn patients. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 3 861 adult burn patients who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the Department of Burns of Zhengzhou First People's Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 were collected. The patients were divided into DVT group (n=77) and non-DVT group (n=3 784) according to whether DVT of lower extremity occurred during hospitalization or not. Data of patients in the two groups were collected and compared, including the gender, age, total burn area, D-dimer level, with lower limb burn and inhalation injury or not on admission, with sepsis/septic shock, femoral vein indwelling central venous catheter (CVC), history of surgery, and infusion of concentrated red blood cells or not during hospitalization. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test. The indicators with statistically significant differences between the two groups were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen the independent risk factors for DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the independent risk factors predicting DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients were drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC), the optimal threshold value, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value were calculated. The quality of the AUC was compared by Delong test, and the sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value were compared using chi-square test. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in gender, occurrence of sepsis/septic shock or history of surgery during hospitalization between patients in the two groups (P>0.05), while there were statistically significant differences in age, total burn area, D-dimer level, lower limb burn and inhalation injury on admission, and femoral vein indwelling CVC and infusion of concentrated red blood cells during hospitalization between patients in the two groups (t=-8.17, with Z values of -5.04 and -10.83, respectively, χ2 values of 21.83, 5.37, 7.75, and 4.52, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, total burn area, and D-dimer level were the independent risk factors for DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients (with odds ratios of 1.05, 1.02, and 1.14, respectively, 95% confidence intervals of 1.04-1.06, 1.00-1.03, and 1.10-1.20, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The AUCs of ROC of age, total burn area, and D-dimer level for predicting DVT of lower extremity in 3 861 adult burn patients were 0.74, 0.67, and 0.86, respectively (with 95% confidence intervals of 0.68-0.80, 0.60-0.74, and 0.83-0.89, respectively, P values<0.01), the optimal threshold values were 50.5 years old, 10.5% total body surface area, and 1.845 mg/L, respectively, the sensitivity under the optimal threshold values were 71.4%, 70.1%, and 87.0%, respectively, and the specificity under the optimal threshold values were 66.8%, 67.2%, and 72.9%, respectively. The AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value of D-dimer level were significantly better than those of age (z=3.29, with χ2 values of 284.91 and 34.25, respectively, P<0.01) and total burn area (z=4.98, with χ2 values of 326.79 and 29.88, respectively, P<0.01), while the AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold values were similar between age and total burn area (P>0.05). Conclusions: D-dimer level is an independent risk factor for DVT of lower extremity in adult burn patients, its AUC quality and sensitivity and specificity under the optimal threshold value are better than those of age and total burn area, and it has good predictive value for DVT of lower extremity in adult burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - B H Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - C D Xia
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - J H Qiu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - H P Lou
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - J D Di
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - G Xue
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
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Sitjar J, Xu HZ, Liu CY, Wang JR, Liao JD, Tsai HP, Lee H, Liu BH, Chang CW. Synergistic surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect to distinguish live SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirus. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:339406. [PMID: 35058004 PMCID: PMC8711038 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the economy and health security on a global scale, causing a drastic change on lifestyle, calling a need to mitigate further transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has shown great potential in the sensitive and rapid detection of various molecules including viruses, through the identification of characteristic peaks of their outer membrane proteins. Accurate detection can be developed through the synergistic integration effect among SERS-active substrate, the appropriate laser wavelength, and the target analyte. In this study, gold nanocavities (Au NC) and Au nanoparticles upon ZrO2 nano-bowls (Au NPs/pZrO2) were tested and used as SERS-active substrates in detecting SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus containing S protein as a surface capsid glycoprotein (SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirus) and vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) pseudo-type lentivirus (VSV-G pseudovirus) to demonstrate their virus detection capability. The optimized Au NCs and Au NPs/pZrO2 substrates were then verified by examining the repetition of measurement, reproducibility, and detection limit. Due to the difference in geometry and composition of the substrates, the characteristic peak-positions of live SARS-CoV-2 S and VSV-G pseudoviruses in the obtained Raman spectra vary, which were also compared with those of inactivated ones. Based on the experimental results, SERS mechanism of each substrate to detect virus is proposed. The formation of hot spots brought by the synergistic integration effect among substrate, analyte, and laser induction may result differences in the obtained SERS spectra.
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Zhang W, Li G, Hua CF, Wang HB, Zhang TQ, Chen QL, Liang H, Liu BH. [Effect factors of collateral blood supply of patients with early trimester cesarean scar pregnancy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 102:130-135. [PMID: 35012302 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210616-01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the characteristics and effect factors of collateral blood supply of patients with early trimester cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP). Methods: This study was a multicenter case-control study, with 219 inpatients with CSP in First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou and Henan No3 Provincial People's Hospital from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020 who were selected to obtain their clinical data. Double-blind method was performed in digital subtraction angiography imaging analysis. The patients were divided into collateral blood supply group and non-collateral blood supply group, and the incidence of collateral blood supply of patients with early trimester CSP was calculated. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to find the independent risk factors of collateral blood supply of patients with early trimester CSP. As well, clinical outcomes after uterine artery embolization (UAE) were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 219 patients with early trimester CSP have average age of (32.4±5.0) years old and average pregnancy of (51.0±10.6) days. The incidence of collateral blood supply was 12.3% (27 cases), of which16 cases were on the left, 6 on the right and 5 in both sides. A total of 43 collateral vessels were found, with 1.59 vessels per patient on average. Bladder artery was the most common source of collateral blood supply, accounting for 74.4% (32/43), followed by internal pudendal artery for 18.6% (8/43). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that gestational weeks ≥8 weeks, maximum diameter of gestational sac ≥50 mm and rich blood supply of gestational sac are independent risk factors for collateral blood supply of patients with early trimester CSP, with OR (95%CI) 3.68 (1.06-12.76), 7.00 (1.52-32.19)、9.96 (3.59-27.58), respectively, all P<0.05. The success rates of UAE were 100% in both groups. The reduction in serum β-Human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) level at 24 hours after UAE, vaginal bleeding during uterine curettage, hysterectomy and menstrual recovery time were not found to have significant difference between groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Early trimester CSP leads to a certain occurrence of collateral blood supply, which may have adverse impact on the efficacy of UAE and patient safety. Gestational weeks, the maximum diameter of gestational sac and the degree of vascularization of gestation sac have certain value in suggesting the collateral blood supply of patients with early trimester CSP, which is helpful for the complete embolization of gestational sac in the process of UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - C F Hua
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - H B Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - T Q Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, 3rd People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Q L Chen
- Department of Radiology, Henan No.3 Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - H Liang
- Department of Radiology, Henan No.3 Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450006, China
| | - B H Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450004, China
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Wu CY, Liao JD, Chen CH, Lee H, Wang SH, Liu BH, Lee CY, Shao PL, Li E. Non-Thermal Reactive N2/He Plasma Exposure to Inhibit Epithelial Head and Neck Tumor Cells. Coatings 2021; 11:1284. [DOI: doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The traditional therapy for head and neck cancer patients has several side effects. Hence, regular follow-up care is usually required. Recently, non-thermal micro-plasma was applied to inactivate cancer cells. Such a physical method provides localized energy and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). In this study, the ability of non-oxygen N2/He micro-plasma to inactivate four pharynx squamous carcinomatous cells, namely SAS, CAL 27, FaDu, and Detroit 562, under different exposure durations is evaluated. The four cell lines were affected with regard to proliferation, reduction, and apoptosis-related DNA damage, implying that the cell medium is critical in plasma–cell interaction. This is expected to be a promising method for head and neck cancer cell suppression through plasma-initiated ROS/RNS species under a suitable exposure time.
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Yang M, Liu BH, Sun DJ, Liang CK, Wang SY, Zhu RR. [Epidemiology of uncorrected refractive errors in type 2 diabetics aged 50 and above in Funing County, China: the Jiangsu Diabetic Eye Study]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021; 57:757-765. [PMID: 34619946 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20201010-00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors among people aged 50 years and above in Funing county, Jiangsu province. Methods: Randomly cluster sampling was used in selecting individuals aged ≥50 years in 82 clusters from Funing County Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Uncorrected refractive error was defined as an improvement of at least 2 lines in best corrected visual acuity compared with presenting visual acuity in the better eye. The mean±standard deviation was used to describe the continuous data, and the rate or composition ratio was used to represent the classified data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors in different ages, genders, educational levels, durations of diabetes and levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Results: A total of 2 067 persons were enumerated, and 1910 (92.4%) participants were in the statistical analyses. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error was 25.63%. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error for myopia only, hyperopia only, astigmatism only, myopia with astigmatism and hyperopia with astigmatism was 72.55% (37/51), 46.77% (58/124), 17.81% (13/73), 63.95% (94/147) and 51.98% (100/194), respectively. The results showed that the older age, level of glycosylated hemoglobin, myopia and lens state were the independent influencing factors of uncorrected refractive error. The odds ratio (OR) for people aged 70 to<80 years and ≥80 years was 1.81 and 1.90, respectively, with statistical significance compared to people younger than 60 years. Compared with the level of glycosylated hemoglobin less than 5.6%, the OR with glycosylated hemoglobin from7.1% to 8.0% and more than 10% was 1.84 (P<0.05) and 1.82 (P<0.05), respectively. The OR of myopia, low myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia was 2.98 (P<0.01), 6.94 (P<0.01), 42.43 (P<0.01) and 77.85 (P<0.01), respectively. The OR of opacity of the eye lens was 7.60 (P<0.01). Conclusions: Uncorrected refractive error is one of the important causes of visual impairment in diabetic patients aged 50 and above in Funing county, Jiangsu province; the important influencing factors were age, glycosylated hemoglobin concentration, myopia and lens status. Relevant health departments should popularize the eye health for diabetic patients and conduct regular optometry and fundus examination. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 757-765).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - B H Liu
- Funing Shizhuang Eye Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - D J Sun
- Funing Shizhuang Eye Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - C K Liang
- Funing County Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - S Y Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - R R Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Shen YQ, Yang M, Liu BH, Sun DJ, Liang CK, Wang SY, Zhu RR. [Jiangsu Diabetic Eye Disease Study:epidemiological survey of blindness and moderate or severe visual impairment in people with type 2 diabetes over 50 years old in Funing County]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020; 56:593-599. [PMID: 32847334 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200226-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence, causes and risk factors of moderate or severe visual impairment and blindness in people with type 2 diabetes over 50 years old in Funing County, Yancheng. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Using cluster random sampling, 84 survey sites were selected, and eye examination was performed on people with type 2 diabetes over 50 years old who were registered with the chronic disease information center of Funing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Yancheng, Jiangsu. The prevalence of moderate or severe visual impairment and blindness were calculated by different ages and genders. The causes of blindness and visual impairment were determined, and their influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivarite logistic regression. Results: A total of 2 067 people were investigated in this study, and 1 909 people were included. The response rate was 92.4%. Based on PVA, the prevalence of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment was 5.29% (95%CI: 4.29%-6.30%) and 18.54% (95%CI: 16.80%-20.29%). The prevalence of blindness was related to age, marital status, education, duration of diabetes, history of diabetic nephropathy, systolic blood pressure and nuclear opacity. The prevalence of moderate or severe visual impairment was related to age, gender, educational level, diabetes treatment, exercise, and glycated hemoglobin. The prevalence of blindness and moderate to severe visual impairment was 3.67% (95%CI: 2.82%-4.51%) and 9.80% (95%CI: 8.46%-11.13%) based on BCVA. The prevalence of blindness was related to age, marital status, education, duration of diabetes, history of diabetic nephropathy, exercise and systolic blood pressure, while the prevalence of moderate or severe visual impairment was related to age, educational level, diabetes treatment and nuclear opacity. The primary cause of blindness and visual impairment is cataract, followed by diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions: The prevalence of moderate or severe visual impairment and blindness in people with type 2 diabetes in Funing County is relatively high. Attention should be paid to the prevention of blindness in this population. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 593-599).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,Nantong 226001,China
| | - M Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,Nantong 226001,China
| | - B H Liu
- Funing Shizhuang Eye Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - D J Sun
- Funing Shizhuang Eye Hospital, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - C K Liang
- Funing County Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - S Y Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,Nantong 226001,China
| | - R R Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,Nantong 226001,China
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Zhao S, Deng XL, Wang L, Ye JW, Liu ZY, Gao Y, Huang B, Li CX, Zhang AP, Li F, Li GY, Liu BH, Tong WD. [Application value of sedation in colonoscopy]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 23:300-304. [PMID: 32192311 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20190329-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value of sedation in colonoscopy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of colonoscopy procedures was performed in our institution. Inclusion criteria: (1) colonoscopy procedures were performed by well-trained gastrointestinal surgeons our institution; (2) medical records were complete and colonoscopy was documented properly by notes, videos, photographs, and traceable pathological reports. Those with incomplete records or performed in other institution were excluded. According to above criteria, clinical data of 49 057 cases of clinic and hospitalization receiving diagnostic or therapeutic colonoscopyat Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, Daping Hospital from July 2007 to February 2017 were collected. Among them, there were 24 638 (50.2%) males and 24 419 females, with mean age of (50.6±14.1) (4 to 98) years. Based on the application of sedation during colonoscopy, patients were divided into the sedation group (39 412 cases, 80.3%) and the non-sedation group (9 645 cases, 19.7%). Clinical characteristics of two groups were compared. Results: The sedation rate increased from 45.6% (369/810) to 94.8% (917/967) from 2007 to 2017. As compared to non-sedation group, a higher proportion of females [51.0% (20 095/39 412) vs. 44.8% (4 324/9 645), χ(2)=117.422, P<0.001] and younger median age (50.0 years vs. 51.0 years, Z=-4.774, P<0.001) were found in the sedation group, whose differences were statistically significant. In all the 9645 cases in the non-sedation group, about 5.5% (534) of them terminated the examination because of unbearable discomfort, including 244 (4.6%) males and 290 (6.7%) females (χ(2)=20.522, P<0.001). Among all the screening population who were ≥50 years old, there was no significant difference in the polyp detection rate (PDR) between the sedation group and the non-sedation group [26.7% (4 737/17 753) vs. 27.4% (1 093/3 984), χ(2)=0.937, P=0.330]. The cecal intubation rate (CIR) in the sedation group was significantly higher than that in the non-sedation group [(85.2% (14 422/16 933) vs. 76.1% (2 803/3 682), χ(2)=180.032, P<0.001]. Five cases in the sedation group developed iatrogenic colonic perforation (ICP), with none in the non-sedation group. Conclusions: The application of sedation in colonoscopy is increasingly popular. Sedation can significantly improve CIR in colonoscopy, while it has no positive influence on PDR. Meanwhile, sedation increases the medical expense and may result in higher ICP rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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11
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Zhang W, Zhang JF, Wang M, Xia CD, Wang LJ, Liu BH, Di HP, Xue JD, Lou JH. [Occurrence of deep venous thrombosis in adult burn patients and its risk factors]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2020; 36:54-57. [PMID: 32023719 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the occurrence and risk factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in adult burn patients. Methods: The clinical data of 1 219 adult burn patients admitted to the Department of Burns of Zhengzhou First People's Hospital from January 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016, conforming to the study criteria, were analyzed retrospectively by the method of case-control study, including 811 males and 408 females, aged 18-102 years. According to whether DVT occurred during hospitalization or not, the patients were divided into group DVT (n=12) and non-DVT group (n=1 207). The incidence of DVT, the diagnosis time of DVT, affected limbs, and DVT classification were counted and recorded. The gender, age, total burn area, D-dimer, lower limb burn, full-thickness burn, femoral vein indwelling central venous catheter (CVC) , inhalation injury, sepsis/infection shock, surgical operation, and infusion of concentrated red blood cells of patients between the two groups were compared with chi-square test, and then the indicators with statistically significant differences between the two groups were processed by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis to screen the independent risk factors of DVT in the adult burn patients. Results: (1) The incidence of DVT of adult burn patients was 0.98% (12/1 219), and DVT was diagnosed 24-138 days after injury, with a median of 61.5 days. DVT occurred in the right lower limb of 2 patients, left lower limb of 8 patients, and bilateral lower limbs of 2 patients, and DVT classification included 6 cases of mixed type and 6 cases of peripheral type. (2) There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, and full-thickness burn of patients between the two groups ( χ(2)=1.524, 0.021, 3.115, P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in total burn area, lower limb burn, inhalation injury, sepsis/infection shock, D-dimer, femoral vein indwelling CVC, surgical operation, and infusion of concentrated red blood cells among patients between the two groups (χ(2)=17.975, 6.206, 3.987, 8.875, 5.447, 15.124, 10.735, 14.031, P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) Total burn area, D-dimer, and femoral vein indwelling CVC were independent risk factors for DVT in adult burn patients (odds ratio=10.927, 4.762, 9.394, 95% confidence interval=3.078-38.789, 1.197-18.934, 2.631-33.540, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: The incidence of DVT in adult burn patients is relatively low, and the diagnosis time of DVT is 3 weeks after burn, with DVT classification of mixed type and peripheral type. The total burn area, femoral vein indwelling CVC, and D-dimer are independent risk factors for predicting DVT in adult burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - J F Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - C D Xia
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - L J Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - B H Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - H P Di
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - J D Xue
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - J H Lou
- Department of Burns, Zhengzhou First People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, China
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12
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Bai X, Song YP, Lyu XR, Rao FY, Qin W, Huang XY, Li ZX, Liu BH, Jiang Y. [Multi-level analysis on factors affecting the adherence to early antithrombotic therapy among people with acute ischemic stroke]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:610-615. [PMID: 31238606 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the patient and hospital related determinants of adherence to early antithrombotic therapy among patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: AIS patients aged 50 years old or above who were eligible for early antithrombotic therapy, were included from the China National Stroke Registry Ⅱ (CNSR Ⅱ) project. Characteristics related to patients and hospitals were collected. Univariate analysis method was conducted to explore the correlation between hospital or patient-related determinants and early antithrombotic therapy. A 2-level logistic regression model was set up to identify patient and hospital-related variables that were associated with the adherence to early antithrombotic therapy, with patient as level 1 and hospital as level 2. Results: A total of 16 910 patients were included in the study, with 14 332 (84.75%) of them having received early antithrombotic therapy. Results from the univariate analysis showed that the patient determinants to early antithrombotic therapy would include age, type of health insurance, average income and history of dyslipidemia. Hospital determinants would include factors as: level and region of the hospital, academic status, with/without stroke unit, quality control on single disease and the percentage of neurological beds in total beds (P<0.05). Data on multilevel model showed that the patient-related determinants on early antithrombotic therapy would include age, gender, average income, history of hypertension, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission while hospital related determinants would include percentage of neurological beds in total beds, and region of the hospital (P<0.05). Conclusions: The quality of a hospital was associated with the adherence to early antithrombotic therapy. AIS patients at advanced age or with high NIHSS score at admission should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bai
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y P Song
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X R Lyu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - F Y Rao
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - W Qin
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - X Y Huang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Z X Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - B H Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Jiang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
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13
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Rathod J, Jean JS, Jiang WT, Huang IH, Liu BH, Lee YC. Micro-colonization of arsenic-resistant Staphylococcus sp. As-3 on arsenopyrite (FeAsS) drives arsenic mobilization under anoxic sub-surface mimicking conditions. Sci Total Environ 2019; 669:527-539. [PMID: 30884274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the subsurface biomatrix of the most abundant As-mineral, arsenopyrite (FeAsS), and meticulously studied a potential biogenic arsenic mobilization phenomenon. An arsenic-resistant [up to 7.5 mM As(III) and 200 mM As(V)] and arsenate-reducing bacterial strain (Staphylococcus sp. As-3) was isolated from a sediment core sample taken from the Budai borehole, on the southwestern coast of Taiwan. Isolate As-3 could reduce 5 mM As(V) to 3.04 mM in 96 h, generating 1.6 mM As(III) under anoxic conditions. Isolate As-3, which adsorbed As(V) up to 19.02 mg g-1 (cdw) and As(III) up to 0.46 mg g-1 (cdw), demonstrated effective As-bioaccumulating ability, as corroborated by a TEM-EDS analysis. Under anaerobic batch conditions, isolate As-3 micro-colonies could grow on as well as interact with arsenopyrite (FeAsS), mobilizing arsenic into soluble phase as As(III) and As(V). Using synchrotron radiation-based FTIR micro-spectroscopy, various functional group signatures and critical chemical bonds enabling a direct interaction with arsenopyrite were underpinned, such as a potential P-OFe bond involved in facilitating bacteria-mineral interaction. Using atomic force microscopy, we analyzed the scattered bacterial cell arrangement and structure and measured various biomechanical properties of micro-colonized Staphylococcus sp. As-3 cells on arsenopyrite. We suggest that the release of organic acids from As-3 drives soluble arsenic release in the aqueous phase under anoxic conditions through oxidative dissolution. Furthermore, arsC-encoding putative cytoplasmic arsenic reductase sequencing and transcript characterization indicated that arsC plays a possible role in the reduction of moderately soluble As(V) to highly soluble toxic As(III) under anoxic conditions. Thus, we suggest that firmicutes such as Staphylococcus sp. As-3 may play an important role in microbially-mediated arsenic mobilization, leading to arsenic release in the sub-surface niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat Rathod
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Shuh Jean
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Teh Jiang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signalling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Life Science Group, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan; Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
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Lee H, Liao JD, Lee MH, Liu BH, Fu WE, Sivashanmugan K, Juang YD. Strontium Oxide Deposited onto a Load-Bearable and Porous Titanium Matrix as Dynamic and High-Surface-Contact-Area Catalysis for Transesterification. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:nano8120973. [PMID: 30486259 PMCID: PMC6315904 DOI: 10.3390/nano8120973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Strontium oxide (SrO) deposited onto a porous titanium (Ti)-based scaffold (P-Ti) is a promising and novel approach for high-throughput transesterification. Notably, a highly porous and calcinated scaffold provides a load-bearable support for a continuous process, while the calcinated SrO catalyst, as it is well distributed inside the porous matrix, can extend its surface contact area with the reactant. In this work, the formation of transesterification reaction with the conversion and production of olive oil to biodiesel inside the porous matrix is particularly examined. The as-designed SrO-coated porous titanium (Ti)-based scaffold with 55% porosity was prepared via a hydrothermal procedure, followed by a dip coating method. Mechanical tests of samples were conducted by a nanoindentator, whereas the physical and chemical structures were identified by IR and Raman Spectroscopies. The results implied that SrO catalysts can be firmly deposited onto a load-bearable, highly porous matrix and play an effective role for the transesterification reaction with the oil mass. It is promising to be employed as a load-bearable support for a continuous transesterification process, such as a process for batch or continuous biodiesel production, under an efficient heating source by a focused microwave system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Der Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
- Center for Micro/Nanoscience and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Mu Hsuan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-En Fu
- Center for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 321, Kuang Fu Road, Sec. 2, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Kundan Sivashanmugan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Der Juang
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 700, Taiwan.
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15
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Hosford PS, Mosienko V, Kishi K, Jurisic G, Seuwen K, Kinzel B, Ludwig MG, Wells JA, Christie IN, Koolen L, Abdala AP, Liu BH, Gourine AV, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S. CNS distribution, signalling properties and central effects of G-protein coupled receptor 4. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:381-392. [PMID: 29894771 PMCID: PMC6063991 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Information on the distribution and biology of the G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) in the brain is limited. It is currently thought that GPR4 couples to Gs proteins and may mediate central respiratory sensitivity to CO2. Using a knock-in mouse model, abundant GPR4 expression was detected in the cerebrovascular endothelium and neurones of dorsal raphe, retro-trapezoidal nucleus locus coeruleus and lateral septum. A similar distribution was confirmed using RNAscope in situ hybridisation. In HEK293 cells, overexpressing GPR4, it was highly constitutively active at neutral pH with little further increase in cAMP towards acidic pH. The GPR4 antagonist NE 52-QQ57 effectively blocked GPR4-mediated cAMP accumulation (IC50 26.8 nM in HEK293 cells). In HUVEC which natively express GPR4, physiological acidification (pH 7.4-7.0) resulted in a cAMP increase by ∼55% which was completely prevented by 1 μM NE 52-QQ57. The main extracellular organic acid, l-lactic acid (LL; 1-10 mM), suppressed pH dependent activation of GPR4 in HEK293 and HUVEC cells, suggesting allosteric negative modulation. In unanaesthetised mice and rats, NE 52-QQ57 (20 mg kg-1) reduced ventilatory response to 5 and 10% CO2. In anaesthetised rats, systemic administration of NE 52-QQ57 (up to 20 mg kg-1) had no effect on hemodynamics, cerebral blood flow and blood oxygen level dependent responses. Central administration of NE 52-QQ57 (1 mM) in vagotomised anaesthetised rats did not affect CO2-induced respiratory responses. Our results indicate that GPR4 is expressed by multiple neuronal populations and endothelium and that its pH sensitivity is affected by level of expression and LL. NE 52-QQ57 blunts hypercapnic response to CO2 but this effect is absent under anaesthesia, possibly due to the inhibitory effect of LL on GPR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Hosford
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - V Mosienko
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - K Kishi
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - G Jurisic
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - B Kinzel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M G Ludwig
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J A Wells
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - I N Christie
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - L Koolen
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - A P Abdala
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - B H Liu
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - A V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - A G Teschemacher
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - S Kasparov
- Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236041, Russian Federation.
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16
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Chang C, Liu BH, Liu AP, Wang YL, Ji Y, Zhang HM, Zhao A, Ma DF, Shi YH, Sun XY. [A study and practice on public health education and teaching reform for the students in clinical medicine science]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:312-314. [PMID: 29973014 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Chang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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17
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Chang AC, Liu BH. Identification of Characteristic Macromolecules of Escherichia coli Genotypes by Atomic Force Microscope Nanoscale Mechanical Mapping. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:35. [PMID: 29396772 PMCID: PMC5796958 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The categorization of microbial strains is conventionally based on the molecular method, and seldom are the morphological characteristics in the bacterial strains studied. In this research, we revealed the macromolecular structures of the bacterial surface via AFM mechanical mapping, whose resolution was not only determined by the nanoscale tip size but also the mechanical properties of the specimen. This technique enabled the nanoscale study of membranous structures of microbial strains with simple specimen preparation and flexible working environments, which overcame the multiple restrictions in electron microscopy and label-enable biochemical analytical methods. The characteristic macromolecules located among cellular surface were considered as surface layer proteins and were found to be specific to the Escherichia coli genotypes, from which the averaged molecular sizes were characterized with diameters ranging from 38 to 66 nm, and the molecular shapes were kidney-like or round. In conclusion, the surface macromolecular structures have unique characteristics that link to the E. coli genotype, which suggests that the genomic effects on cellular morphologies can be rapidly identified using AFM mechanical mapping. Graphical Abstract Quantification of surface macromolecules of E. coli cells using AFM mechanical mapping. Surface macromolecules of cellular surface of three E. coli genotypes, MG1655, CFT073, and RS218, were characterized with the sizes ranging from 38 to 66 nm and with round or kidney-like shapes. The topography images were colored with adhesion mapping with the scale bars = 200 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chinghsuan Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
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McBryde FD, Liu BH, Roloff EV, Kasparov S, Paton JFR. Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity is a major determinant of renal sympathetic discharge in conscious Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:419-428. [PMID: 29215757 DOI: 10.1113/ep086744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does chronic reduction of neuronally generated nitric oxide in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus affect the set-point regulation of blood pressure and sympathetic activity destined to the kidneys? What is the main finding and its importance? Within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, nitric oxide generated by neuronal nitric oxide synthase plays a major constitutive role in suppressing long term the levels of both ongoing renal sympathetic activity and arterial pressure in conscious Wistar rats. This finding unequivocally demonstrates a mechanism by which the diencephalon exerts a tonic influence on sympathetic discharge to the kidney and may provide the basis for both blood volume and osmolality homeostasis. ABSTRACT The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine regulation. Application of nitric oxide donors to the PVN stimulates GABAergic transmission, and may suppress sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to lower arterial pressure. However, the role of endogenous nitric oxide within the PVN in regulating renal SNA chronically remains to be established in conscious animals. To address this, we used our previously established lentiviral vectors to knock down neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) selectively in the PVN of conscious Wistar rats. Blood pressure and renal SNA were monitored simultaneously and continuously for 21 days (n = 14) using radio-telemetry. Renal SNA was normalized to maximal evoked discharge and expressed as a percentage change from baseline. The PVN was microinjected bilaterally with a neurone-specific tetracycline-controllable lentiviral vector, expressing a short hairpin miRNA30 interference system targeting nNOS (n = 7) or expressing a mis-sense as control (n = 7). Recordings continued for a further 18 days. The vectors also expressed green fluorescent protein, and successful expression in the PVN and nNOS knockdown were confirmed histologically post hoc. Knockdown of nNOS expression in the PVN resulted in a sustained increase in blood pressure (from 95 ± 2 to 104 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05), with robust concurrent sustained activation of renal SNA (>70%, P < 0.05). The study reveals a major role for nNOS-derived nitric oxide within the PVN in chronic set-point regulation of cardiovascular autonomic activity in the conscious, normotensive rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D McBryde
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Cardiovascular Autonomic Research Cluster, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B H Liu
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - E V Roloff
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S Kasparov
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J F R Paton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Cardiovascular Autonomic Research Cluster, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Liu BH, Liu JF. [Brief introduction to the development of ancient history of paediatric diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine]. Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi 2017; 47:348-350. [PMID: 29374947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of paediatric science, paediatric diagnosis was in the initial stage of its development before the Song Dynasty. The main measures of diagnosing diseases were observation and pulse palpation, especially the latter. The rapid development of paediatrics in the Song Dynasty necessitated thepaediatric diagnosis to develop further, emphasizing the spiritual expressions of the eyes and fingerprint, with its special features gradually developed in the period of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.During this period, the paediatrics diagnosis was developed on the basis of the previous generations, with equal importance paid to both observation and pulse feeling. In the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties the four paediatric diagnostics were constantly enriched with attentions paid to the use of multiple approaches and thus the diagnostics was perfected day by day.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Master degree candidate, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - J F Liu
- China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Lee H, Liao JD, Yang JW, Hsu WD, Liu BH, Chen TC, Sivashanmugan K, Gedanken A. Continuous Waste Cooking Oil Transesterification with Microwave Heating and Strontium Oxide Catalyst. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Lee
- National Cheng Kung University; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 1 University Road 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Der Liao
- National Cheng Kung University; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 1 University Road 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Jung-Wei Yang
- National Cheng Kung University; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 1 University Road 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Wen-Dung Hsu
- National Cheng Kung University; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 1 University Road 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- National Cheng Kung University; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 1 University Road 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Teng-Chien Chen
- National Cheng Kung University; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 1 University Road 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Kundan Sivashanmugan
- National Cheng Kung University; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 1 University Road 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- National Cheng Kung University; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 1 University Road 70101 Tainan Taiwan
- Bar-Ilan University; Department of Chemistry; 29 Nitzana Street 53465 Givatayim Israel
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Perrichon A, Liu BH, Chevalier J, Gremillard L, Reynard B, Farizon F, Liao JD, Geringer J. Ageing, Shocks and Wear Mechanisms in ZTA and the Long-Term Performance of Hip Joint Materials. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10060569. [PMID: 28772930 PMCID: PMC5541297 DOI: 10.3390/ma10060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The surface morphologies and microstructures of Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) femoral heads were analyzed following in vitro tests aiming to simulate in vivo degradation. Three phenomena potentially leading to degradation were investigated: shocks, friction and hydrothermal ageing. Shocks due to micro-separation created the main damage with the formation of wear stripes on the femoral head surfaces. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images suggested the release of wear debris of various shapes and sizes through inter- and intra-granular cracks; some debris may have a size lower than 100 nm. A decrease in hardness and Young’s modulus was measured within the wear stripes by nanoindentation technique and was attributed to the presence of surface and sub-surface micro-cracks. Such micro-cracks mechanically triggered the zirconia phase transformation in those worn areas, which in return presumably reduced further crack propagation. In comparison with shocks, friction caused little wear degradation as observed from AFM images by scarce pullout of grains. The long-term resistance of the ZTA composite material against hydrothermal ageing is confirmed by the present observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Perrichon
- CIS-EMSE, SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, F-69,000 Lyon, France.
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Jérôme Chevalier
- MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, 20 Avenue Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laurent Gremillard
- MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, 20 Avenue Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Bruno Reynard
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5276, Univ Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Frédéric Farizon
- Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologie, CHU Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
| | - Jiunn-Der Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Jean Geringer
- CIS-EMSE, SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, F-69,000 Lyon, France.
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Chang AC, Liu BH, Shao PL, Liao JD. Structure-dependent behaviours of skin layers studied by atomic force microscopy. J Microsc 2017; 267:265-271. [PMID: 28333371 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The multilayer skin provides the physical resistance and strength against the environmental attacks, and consequently plays a significant role in maintaining the mammalian health. Currently, optical microscopy (OM) is the most common method for the research related to skin tissues while with the drawbacks including the possibility of changing the native morphology of the sample with the addition of the chemical or immunological staining and the restricted resolution of images for the direct observation of the tissue structures. To investigate if the function of each tissue is structure-dependent and the how the injured skin returns to the intact condition, we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) on the sectioned mice-skin to reveal the tissue structures with a nanoscale resolution. From the outermost stratum to the inner layer of the skin tissue, the respectively laminated, fibrous, and brick-like structures were observed and corresponded to various functions. Due to the mechanical differences between the tissue constituents and their boundaries, the sizes and arrangements of the components were characterised and quantified by the mechanical mapping of AFM, which enabled the analytical comparisons between tissue layers. For the wound model, the skin tissues were examined with the initial formation of blood vessels and type-I collagen, which agreed with the stage of healing process estimated by OM but showed more detail information about the evolution of proteins among the skin. In conclusion, the characterisation of the components that consist of skin tissue by AFM enables the connection of the tissue function to the corresponded ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - B H Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - P L Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - J D Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Liu BH, Yu LC. In-situ , time-lapse study of extracellular polymeric substance discharge in Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 150:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Liu YH, Liao SS, Haochih Liu B. Nanoscale electrochemical characterization of a solid-state electrolyte using a manganese-based thin-film probe. Nanoscale 2016; 8:19978-19983. [PMID: 27892588 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A Li-Mn-O thin-film electrode probe has been developed via a facile synthesis process, which enables nanoscale electrochemical investigation of the solid-state electrolyte LiPON. Detailed information of ion transport can be obtained by the thin-film probe, rather than the macroscale electrochemical impedance analysis. It is clarified from the nanoscale analysis that the charge transfer resistance at the Li-Mn-O/LiPON interface dominates the localized impedance, while it can be significantly reduced rather than the electrolyte resistance by applying a DC bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Greenergy, National University of Tainan, 33, Sec. 2, Shu-Lin St., Tainan 70005, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Syu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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25
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Liu BH, Sun MX, Zhou N, Li YP, Wang MZ, Yu J, Zhou HS. Detection and study of plasma D-dimer change in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:839-845. [PMID: 27655508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the change in plasma D-dimer of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The patients were divided into three groups, i.e., AECOPD group, stable COPD group (COPD kept stable after treatment) and a healthy control group. The content of plasma fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer of all research subjects was detected and the difference between groups was analyzed. Moreover, pulmonary functions of patients in the AECOPD group and the stable COPD group, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) and forced vital capacity rate of 1 second (FEV1/FVC), and blood gas (oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), were detected; and the differences between the two groups and the possible correlation were analyzed. Compared to the COPD stable group and the control group, the AECOPD group had a statistically significant higher content of plasma FIB and D-dimer (p less than 0.05); the content of plasma FIB and D-dimer of the COPD stable group was much higher than that of the healthy control group, but the difference had no statistical significance (p > 0.05); the content of D-dimer of AECOPD patients was in a negative correlation with FEV1 and PO2 (p smaller than 0.05) and in a positive correlation with PCO2 (p smaller than 0.05). It can be concluded that D-dimer is correlated to the severity of AECOPD; hence, it can be used as an evaluation index for the severity of AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Respiratory Internal Medicine Department, Dongying Peoples Hospital of Shandong provincial Hospital Group, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - M X Sun
- Respiratory Internal Medicine Department, Dongying Peoples Hospital of Shandong provincial Hospital Group, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - N Zhou
- Respiratory Internal Medicine Department, Dongying Peoples Hospital of Shandong provincial Hospital Group, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Y P Li
- Respiratory Internal Medicine Department, Dongying Peoples Hospital of Shandong provincial Hospital Group, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - M Z Wang
- Respiratory Internal Medicine Department, Dongying Peoples Hospital of Shandong provincial Hospital Group, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - J Yu
- Respiratory Internal Medicine Department, Dongying Peoples Hospital of Shandong provincial Hospital Group, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - H S Zhou
- Tuberculosis Internal Medicine Department, Shandong Chest Hospital, Shangdong, China
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26
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Ge BB, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Liu BH, Zhang KC. Biological control of Botrytis cinerea on tomato plants using Streptomyces ahygroscopicus strain CK-15. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:596-602. [PMID: 26400053 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We developed a real-time PCR assay to specifically detect and quantify the efficacy of a biological fungicide from Streptomyces ahygroscopicus var. wuyiensis on tomato leaves. This fungicide, the natural secondary metabolite wuyiencin, is an antifungal agent against Botrytis cinerea. Specific primers were designed based on the β-actin gene sequences, which were used to detect a 303 bp fragment from B. cinerea isolates. Our assay is highly sensitive and can be used to reliably detect and quantify as little as 1·75 pg of B. cinerea DNA. We used this detection method to monitor the progression of B. cinerea infection in inoculated plant material under preventive (wuyiencin) and nonpreventive treatment. After 5 days, plants under preventive treatment exhibited a sharp decrease in fungal biomass and no symptoms, whereas plants under nonpreventive treatment displayed severe disease symptoms. The results demonstrate that wuyiencin has significant effects on B. cinerea in tomato plants and that real-time PCR is a reliable method for evaluating the effects of Streptomyces wuyiensis CK-15 on B. cinerea. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Botrytis cinerea commonly produces latent or nonsymptomatic infection on and within plant tissues, which can develop into symptomatic infection when triggered by changes in environmental conditions or host plant physiology. In this study, we develop a specific, sensitive real-time PCR assay for detecting and quantifying B. cinerea on tomato leaves to determine the control efficacy of Streptomyces ahygroscopicus var. wuyiensis as a biological fungicide. Our findings demonstrate that wuyiencin has significant effects on B. cinerea in tomato plants and that real-time PCR is a reliable method for evaluating the effects of biological fungicides on plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Y Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - B H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - K C Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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27
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Sivashanmugan K, Liao JD, Shao PL, Liu BH, Tseng TY, Chang CY. Intense Raman scattering on hybrid Au/Ag nanoplatforms for the distinction of MMP-9-digested collagen type-I fiber detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:61-70. [PMID: 25957832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Well-ordered Au-nanorod arrays were fabricated using the focused ion beam method (denoted as fibAu_NR). Au or Ag nanoclusters (NCs) of various sizes and dimensions were then deposited on the fibAu_NR arrays using electron beam deposition to improve the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, which was verified using a low concentration of crystal violet (10(-)(5)M) as the probe molecule. An enhancement factor of 6.92 × 10(8) was obtained for NCsfibAu_NR, which is attributed to the combination of intra-NC and NR localized surface plasmon resonance. When 4-aminobenzenethiol (4-ABT)-coated Au or Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were attached to NCsfibAu_NR, the small gaps between 4-ABT-coated NPs and intra-NCs allowed detection at the single-molecule level. Hotspots formed at the interfaces of NCs/NRs and NPs/NCs at a high density, producing a strong local electromagnetic effect. Raman spectra from as-prepared type I collagen (Col-I) and Ag-NP-coated Col-I fibers on NCsfibAu_NR were compared to determine the quantity of amino acids in their triple helix structure. Various concentrations of matrix-metalloproteinase-9-digested Col-I fibers on NCsfibAu_NR were qualitatively examined at a Raman laser wavelength of 785nm to determine the changes of amino acids in the Col-I fiber structure. The results can be used to monitor the growth of healing Col-I fibers in a micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Sivashanmugan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Der Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Lin Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yu Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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28
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Dong XX, Wang YR, Qin S, Liang ZQ, Liu BH, Qin ZH, Wang Y. p53 mediates autophagy activation and mitochondria dysfunction in kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in primary striatal neurons. Neuroscience 2012; 207:52-64. [PMID: 22330834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to investigate if p53 mediates autophagy activation and mitochondria dysfunction in primary striatal neurons in kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity. The excitotoxic model of primary striatal neurons was established with KA. The levels of p53, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, and p62 were examined by Western blot and immunostaining. Autophagy activation was also determined with electron microscope. To evaluate the contribution of p53 to autophagy activation and mitochondria dysfunction in KA-induced excitotoxicity, the protein levels of LC3, Beclin1, and p62, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the mitochondrial Reactive oxygen species (ROS) after pretreatment with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha (PFT-α) and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were analyzed. Excitotoxic neuronal injury was induced after KA treatment as demonstrated by increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and was significantly inhibited by PFT-α. Western blot and immunostaining showed that the induction of p53 protein occurred in the cytosol and the nucleus. Increases in autophagic proteins LC3 and Beclin1 were observed, whereas the protein levels of p62 decreased after KA treatment. Electron microscope analysis showed increased autophagosomes in the cytoplasm. The changes in LC3, Beclin1, and p62 levels were blocked by PFT-α, PFT-μ, 3-MA, and E64d but not Z-DEVD-FMK. JC-1 staining showed the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential after excitotoxic insult. Mito-tracker and RedoxSensor Red CC-1 staining showed an increased production of mitochondrial ROS after excitotoxic insult. These effects were significantly suppressed after pretreatment with PFT-α and 3-MA. This study suggests that p53 mediates KA-induced autophagy activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in striatal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases (SZS0703), Soochow University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wen Jing Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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Haochih Liu B, Chen CH. Direct deformation study of AFM probe tips modified by hydrophobic alkylsilane self-assembled monolayers. Ultramicroscopy 2011; 111:1124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Hsu CC, Lin EC, Chen SC, Huang SC, Liu BH, Yu YH, Chen CC, Yang CC, Lien CY, Wang YH, Liu CW, Mersmann HJ, Cheng WTK, Ding ST. Differential gene expression between the porcine morula and blastocyst. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:69-81. [PMID: 21599764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The survival and development of pre-implantation embryos are determinant factors affecting the outcome of animal reproduction. It is essential to transfer the expression of the genetic material from maternal sources, that is the ovum to the zygote before implantation to ensure successful development. Differentiation and transformation of blastomeres initiated during the morula and blastocyst stages is an important step of the embryonic development prior to implantation. We collected morula and early blastocyst samples from pure-bred Landrace pigs in vivo to study the differential gene expression patterns at these two stages. Total RNA was extracted from individual embryos and two rounds of amplification were employed. Two micrograms of antisense RNA, targets, were prepared and hybridized with each of four custom made oligo microarrays representing 24,000 porcine genes. The analyses of replicate hybridizations showed that among the 24,000 genes, 162 genes were expressed fivefold or greater in the morula compared to early blastocysts and 2126 genes were expressed fivefold or greater in early blastocysts compared to the morula. Of these differentially expressed genes, 1429 genes were functionally annotated with related human Gene Ontology terms. In addition to basic metabolic processes, genes related to signal transduction, transportation and cell differentiation were found in both stages and were up-regulated as embryo development proceeded. Real time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to quantify 12 genes differentially expressed in the 2 embryonic stages and validated the reliability of major evidences shown in microarrays. In conclusion, we have obtained a preliminary landscape of genes differentially expressed during the transition from morula to early blastocysts in pigs and showed a generally increased transcriptional activity, perhaps in preparation for implantation. Our results provide an opportunity to study the functions of these genes in relation to the development and survival of pre-implantation porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu BH, Chang DB. Simulation-aided design and fabrication of nanoprobes for scanning probe microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2011; 111:337-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Figueiredo M, Lane S, Tang F, Liu BH, Hewinson J, Marina N, Kasymov V, Souslova EA, Chudakov DM, Gourine AV, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S. Optogenetic experimentation on astrocytes. Exp Physiol 2010; 96:40-50. [PMID: 21041318 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.052597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Figueiredo
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Yang CC, Deng SJ, Hsu CC, Liu BH, Lin EC, Cheng WTK, Wang PH, Ding ST. Visfatin regulates genes related to lipid metabolism in porcine adipocytes. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3233-41. [PMID: 20562354 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visfatin is a visceral adipose tissue-specific adipocytokine that plays a positive role in attenuating insulin resistance by binding to the insulin receptor. Visfatin has been suggested to play a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation; however, the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effects of visfatin on the regulation of gene expression in cultured porcine preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes. In preadipocytes, the mRNA abundance of lipoprotein lipase and PPARgamma were significantly increased by visfatin or insulin treatment after 8 d (all P < 0.05). In the presence of insulin, the mRNA abundance of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein was 24.7-fold greater than in the untreated group (P < 0.05), whereas visfatin alone had no effect on adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein mRNA abundance. Adipocyte differentiation was induced by insulin treatment for 8 d. In differentiated porcine adipocytes, exposure to insulin or visfatin for 24 h increased (P < 0.05) fatty acid synthase mRNA abundance but had no effect on the expression of sterol regulatory element binding-protein 1c mRNA. We also found a 5.8-fold upregulation of IL-6 expression in porcine adipocytes after 24 h of treatment with visfatin (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that visfatin upregulated lipoprotein lipase expression in preadipocytes, potentially facilitating lipid uptake, and increased the gene expression of fatty acid synthase in differentiated adipocytes to potentially enhance lipogenic activity. Furthermore, visfatin can upregulate IL-6 expression in differentiated porcine adipocytes. The information presented in this study provides insights into the roles of visfatin in lipid metabolism in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu BH, Wang PH, Wang YC, Cheng WM, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. Fasting regulates the expression of adiponectin receptors in young growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:3377-84. [PMID: 18676723 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that can improve insulin sensitivity. Its functions in regulating glucose utilization and fatty acid metabolism in mammals are mediated by 2 subtypes of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). This study was conducted to determine the effect of fasting on the expression of adiponectin and its receptors. The expression of adiponectin was not affected in s.c. adipose tissue, but adiponectin expression increased in visceral adipose tissue after fasting. In contrast, expression of both AdipoR mRNA was increased in the liver and s.c. adipose tissue of 24-h-fasted pigs compared with fed pigs, but the mRNA in muscle and visceral adipose tissue was not affected by fasting. A third putative adiponectin receptor, T-cadherin, was cloned and the mRNA expression was determined. T-Cadherin has been recognized to act as a vascular adiponectin receptor in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Our data showed that the expression of T-cadherin was decreased in the muscle of fasted pigs, suggesting that the expression of T-cadherin can be regulated by feeding status. In summary, in young pigs, adiponectin mRNA was up-regulated by fasting in visceral, but not s.c., adipose tissue, whereas AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA were increased in s.c., but not visceral, adipose tissue. The adiponectin receptor, T-cadherin, was expressed in s.c. and visceral adipose tissue and in muscle, but only muscle mRNA expression was decreased by fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Liu BH, Goh CHK, Ooi LLPJ, Hui KM. Identification of unique and common low abundance tumour-specific transcripts by suppression subtractive hybridization and oligonucleotide probe array analysis. Oncogene 2008; 27:4128-36. [PMID: 18332864 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most human cancers are characterized by genetic aberrations accompanied by altered expression and function of numerous genes. Applying genome-wide, microarray gene expression analysis to identify deregulated genes in different tumour types can provide potential gene candidates as diagnostic and prognostic tools and promising targets for drug development. However, the detection of deregulated genes with low levels of expression remains a major challenge. In this study, we have designed a strategy, termed modified suppression subtractive hybridization (mSSH), to identify genes encoding rare transcripts. The strategy entails incorporating the T(7)-promoter sequence at the 5' end of the noncoding cDNA strand during first strand cDNA synthesis to generate unidirectional antisense RNA from the resultant cDNA following conventional SSH. These transcripts are subsequently analysed by Affymetrix oligonucleotide gene arrays. Here, we have used five hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), five breast carcinoma and four nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies separately as testers and their corresponding normal biopsies as drivers to enrich for low abundance tumour type-specific transcripts. The total detectable number of probe sets following mSSH was reduced almost 10-fold in comparison to those detected for the same resected tumour tissues without undergoing subtraction, thus yielding a subtraction efficacy of over 90%. Using this experimental approach, we have identified 48 HCC-specific, 45 breast carcinoma-specific, and 83 NPC-specific genes. In addition, 115 genes were upregulated in all the three cancer types. When compared to gene-profiling data obtained without mSSH, the majority of these identified transcripts were of low abundance in the original cancer tissues. mSSH can therefore serve as a comprehensive molecular strategy for pursuing functional genomic studies of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Bek Chai Heah Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Yu YH, Liu BH, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. Porcine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma induces transdifferentiation of myocytes into adipocytes. J Anim Sci 2008; 84:2655-65. [PMID: 16971566 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and lipogenic genes during adipogenesis. The activity of rodent PPARgamma is regulated by phosphorylation of serine 112. The current experiment was designed to study the ability of porcine PPARgamma to stimulate transdifferentiation of myoblasts to adipocytes by overexpressing wild-type PPARgamma or mutated PPARgamma (serine 112 was mutated to alanine) in mouse myoblast cells. The expression of adipogenic marker genes (adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, lipoprotein lipase, and glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase) in cells stably expressing mutated porcine PPARgamma was greater than in cells with wild-type PPARgamma, indicating that the mutated PPARgamma has greater adipogenic capability than the wild-type PPARgamma. Under treatment with a ligand, both wild-type and mutant porcine PPARgamma-expressing C2C12 myoblasts differentiated into adipocytes in 10 d. The expression of myogenic marker genes (myogenin, myogenic regulatory factor-4) was suppressed in cells transfected with the mutated PPARgamma or wild-type PPARgamma. Moreover, wild-type and mutant PPARgamma were able to inhibit myogenesis without addition of a ligand. Our results suggest that porcine wild-type PPARgamma and mutated PPARgamma can both convert myoblast cells into adipocytes, and also that the ability to transdifferentiate was greater in cells containing the mutated PPARgamma than in cells containing the wild-type PPARgamma. Therefore, the existence of serine 112 in PPARgamma may have a role in regulating adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Sun FW, Liu BH, Gong YX, Huang YF, Ou ZY, Guo GC. Stimulated emission as a result of multiphoton interference. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:043601. [PMID: 17678364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
By performing an experiment on stimulated emission by two photons in the parametric amplification process and comparing it to a three-photon interference scheme, we present evidence in support of the idea that the underlying physics of stimulated emission is simply the constructive interference due to photon indistinguishability. So the observed signal enhancement upon the input of photons can be interpreted as a result of multiphoton interference of the input photons and the otherwise spontaneously emitted photon from the amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Sun
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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Liu BH, Sun FW, Gong YX, Huang YF, Guo GC, Ou ZY. Four-photon interference with asymmetric beam splitters. Opt Lett 2007; 32:1320-2. [PMID: 17440574 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments of four-photon interference are performed with two pairs of photons from parametric downconversion with the help of asymmetric beam splitters. The first experiment is a generalization of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference effect to two pairs of photons while the second one utilizes this effect to demonstrate a four-photon de Broglie wavelength of lambda/4 by projection measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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Liu BH, Yang Y, Paton JFR, Li F, Boulaire J, Kasparov S, Wang S. GAL4-NF-kappaB fusion protein augments transgene expression from neuronal promoters in the rat brain. Mol Ther 2006; 14:872-82. [PMID: 16904943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted gene expression mediated by a mammalian cellular promoter is desirable for gene therapy in the brain, where there are a variety of different neuronal phenotypes, several types of supportive cells, and blood vessels. However, this approach can be hampered by weak activity of some cellular promoters. In view of the potency of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in regulating neuronal gene expression, we have assessed whether it can be used to enhance the strength of neuron-specific promoters. Our approach was to use a neuronal promoter to drive expression of a chimeric transactivator, which consisted of a part of the transcriptional activation domain of the NF-kappaB p65 protein fused to the DNA-binding domain of GAL4 protein from yeast. The second copy of the neuronal promoter was modified by introducing the unique GAL4 binding sequences at its 5' end and used to drive the expression of a transgene. Binding of the chimeric transcriptional activator upstream of the second promoter was expected to potentiate its transcriptional activity. In this study, the approach was applied to the platelet-derived growth factor beta chain and synapsin-1 neuron-specific promoters and tested in vitro and in vivo using plasmid, lentiviral, and baculoviral vectors. We observed up to a 100-fold improvement in reporter gene expression in cultured neurons and 20-fold improvement in the rat brain in vivo. Moreover, the cell-type specificity of the two tested promoters was well preserved and restricted to neurons. Finally, the expression driven by the new lentiviral vectors with the p65-potentiated synapsin-1 promoter showed no signs of decline or cell damage 4 weeks after injection. This approach should be suitable for constructing powerful and stable gene expression systems based on weak cell-specific promoters in neuronal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, 138669, Singapore
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40
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Abstract
In mice, adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) have been found to mediate the effect of adiponectin in muscle and liver in regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism. The purposes of this study were to clone these receptors from pig tissues by reverse transcription PCR using mRNA from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and to investigate the expression of these genes in various pig tissues. Sequences of adiponectin, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 were determined and found to be highly homologous to those of the human and mouse. The AA sequences predicted for the full-length cDNA of porcine adiponectin, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 were similar to those of the human and mouse, ranging from 81 to 97% homology, suggesting similar functions of these genes in pigs as in other species. Transcripts for adiponectin were abundant in s.c. adipose tissue in Lee-Sung pigs and in crossbred pigs. Transcripts for AdipoR1 were abundant in heart and skeletal muscle and also detected to a lesser extent (P < 0.05) in adipose tissue, liver, and spleen of the Lee-Sung pigs. Transcripts for AdipoR2 were abundant in s.c. adipose tissue and present to a lesser extent (P < 0.05) in the liver, heart, skeletal muscle, and spleen. These results indicate that the effect of adiponectin may be mediated through these receptors in various porcine tissues. Fasting for 8 h did not have a significant effect on the expression of adiponectin and AdipoR1 mRNA, but it increased (P < 0.05) the AdipoR2 mRNA in the s.c. adipose tissue of crossbred pigs. These results indicate that the AdipoR2-mediated fatty acid oxidation may be responsible at least in part for the fasted state fatty acid oxidation in porcine adipose tissues. The successful cloning of pig adiponectin and adiponectin receptors will enhance the understanding of the involvement of these genes in regulating energy metabolism in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ding
- Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Liu BH, Kuo CF, Wang YC, Ding ST. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on the expression of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 in differentiating porcine adipocytes1. J Anim Sci 2005; 83:1516-25. [PMID: 15956459 DOI: 10.2527/2005.8371516x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1) drives the expression of several lipogenic genes in mammals. Polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease ADD1 mRNA abundance in differentiating porcine adipocytes. The current study was designed to explore the mechanisms by which PUFA inhibit the expression of ADD1 in porcine adipocytes. Porcine preadipocytes were differentiated for 24 h with 0 or 100 microM of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and mixtures of different concentrations of antioxidants to investigate the effect of DHA and antioxidants on the ADD1 mRNA abundance. We found the relative mRNA abundance was decreased by the addition of 100 microM DHA to the medium for porcine differentiating adipocytes, and adding an antioxidant mixture to the medium prevented part of the decrease in ADD1 mRNA abundance. These data suggest that DHA decreased the steady-state transcription factor ADD1 mRNA through a mechanism related to fatty acid peroxidation. Indeed, adding 7.5 microM vitamin E (a natural antioxidant) also restored the concentrations of ADD1 and fatty acid synthase mRNA, which were decreased by DHA treatment; however, the DHA or the antioxidant treatment did not change the expression of antioxidation genes (superoxide dismutase 1 and glutathione peroxidase 1) in porcine stromal vascular cells. When supplemented with the eicosanoid synthesis pathway inhibitors, the inhibition of the expression of ADD1 by arachidonic acid was partially recovered. These results suggest that the mechanism by which PUFA decrease ADD1 mRNA is due to the metabolic product of eicosanoids and peroxidation of these PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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42
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Abstract
Using cell-type-specific promoters to restrict expression of therapeutic genes to particular cells is an attractive approach for gene therapy, but often hindered by inefficient transcriptional activities of the promoters. Knowing the enhancer for the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early gene improves activities of several cell-type- or tissue-type-specific promoters, we set out to investigate whether it improves neuronal transgene expression driven by a neuron-specific promoter, the platelet-derived growth factor B-chain (PDGF-beta) promoter. A hybrid promoter was constructed by appending a 380-bp fragment of the CMV enhancer 5' to the PDGF-beta promoter. The plasmid containing the promoter was complexed with polyethylenimine for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer. In cultured cells, the plasmid with the hybrid promoter significantly augmented expression of a luciferase reporter gene, providing expression levels 8- to 90-fold and 7- to 178-fold higher than those from two baseline constructs containing the PDGF-beta promoter alone and the CMV enhancer alone, respectively. In particular, the activities of the hybrid promoter in two neural cell lines were close to or higher than that of the CMV immediate-early gene enhancer/promoter, a transcriptional control element that has been considered to be the most robust one identified thus far. After stereotaxic injection into the hippocampus and striatum in rats, the hybrid promoter displayed a neuronal specificity, driving gene expression almost exclusively in neurons. Transgene expression in the brain driven by the hybrid promoter was detectable 24 h after injection, being 10-fold higher than that driven by the PDGF-beta promoter alone. The expression peaked around 5 days at 1.5 x 10(5) relative light units per brain and lasted for at least 4 weeks. This differed strikingly from the expression driven by the PDGF-beta promoter, which was no longer detectable on day 3. The new gene regulatory construct reported in this study will be useful to improve neuronal transgene expression required for gene therapy of neurological disorders and functional studies of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
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Abstract
To study the effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the expression of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1) mRNA in pig tissues, weaned, crossbred pigs (30 d of age) were fed either 2% (as-fed basis) tallow or DHA oil for 18 d. Body weight of the pigs was not affected by different dietary fatty acid (FA) compositions. The plasma and liver FA composition reflected the composition of the diet. The adipose tissue and skeletal muscle FA composition only partially reflected the diet, indicating either a slower FA turnover or that a greater proportion of the FA in these tissues is from endogenous FA synthesis. The ADD1 is an important transcription factor that modulates transcription of FA synthase to regulate the endogenous FA synthesis in the liver and adipose tissue. The ADD1 mRNA was decreased (P < 0.05) in the liver of DHA-treated pigs compared with that of the tallow-treated pigs. The diets did not have an effect on the ADD1 mRNA in pig adipose tissue. The ADD1 transcript was not detected in pig skeletal muscle. These results indicate that significant enrichment of liver DHA content inhibits the expression of ADD1 mRNA. Such an effect is similar to that reported in porcine differentiating adipocytes cultured with DHA. The liver and muscle acyl CoA oxidase mRNA concentration was increased (P < 0.05) by DHA oil treatment, suggesting that DHA treatment may increase peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in these two tissues. Our present observations demonstrate that dietary DHA enrichment not only affects tissue DHA concentration but also mildly modifies the expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism in the porcine liver and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hsu
- Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen associated with type B gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. A high intake of carotenoids has been suggested to prevent development of gastric malignancies. Microalgae Chlorococcum sp. could accumulate secondary carotenoids under stress conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether dietary cell extract of Chlorococcum sp. could affect the bacterial load of H. pylori infected BALB/c mice and whether it could induce modulation of cytokine production. BALB/c mice were infected with H. pylori three times at 2-day intervals. Two weeks later, they were orally fed with cell extract of Chlorococcum sp. for the following 2 weeks. Animals were killed at the end of the experiments. Stomachs were removed and paraffin sections were stained for histology examination. Splenocytes were obtained and cultured in vitro with H. pylori sonicate to evaluate induction of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion. Mice treated with carotenoids-rich algal meal showed significantly reduced bacterial load and gastric inflammation. These changes were associated with a shift of the T-lymphocytes response from a predominant T helper type 1 (Th1) response dominated by IFN-gamma to a Th1/Th2 response with IFN-gamma and IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Shi L, Tang GP, Gao SJ, Ma YX, Liu BH, Li Y, Zeng JM, Ng YK, Leong KW, Wang S. Repeated intrathecal administration of plasmid DNA complexed with polyethylene glycol-grafted polyethylenimine led to prolonged transgene expression in the spinal cord. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1179-88. [PMID: 12833127 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery into the spinal cord provides a potential approach to the treatment of spinal cord traumatic injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. These disorders progress over long periods of time, necessitating a stable expression of functional genes at therapeutic levels for months or years. We investigated in this study the feasibility of achieving prolonged transgene expression in the rat spinal cord through repeated intrathecal administration of plasmid DNA complexed with 25 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) into the lumbar subarachnoid space. With a single injection, DNA/PEI complexes could provide transgene expression in the spinal cord 40-fold higher than naked plasmid DNA. The transgene expression at the initial level persisted for about 5 days, with a low-level expression being detectable for at least 8 weeks. When repeated dosing was tested, a 70% attenuation of gene expression was observed following reinjection at a 2-week interval. This attenuation was associated with apoptotic cell death and detected even using complexes containing a noncoding DNA that did not mediate any gene expression. When each component of the complexes, PEI polymer or naked DNA alone, were tested in the first dosing, no reduction was found. Using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted PEI for DNA complexes, no attenuation of gene expression was detected after repeated intrathecal injections, even in those rats receiving three doses, administered 2 weeks apart. Lumbar puncture is a routine and relatively nontraumatic clinical procedure. Repeated administration of DNA complexed with PEG-grafted PEI through this less invasive route may prolong the time span of transgene expression when needed, providing a viable strategy for the gene therapy of spinal cord disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shi
- Molecular and Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore
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Cervera MT, Storme V, Ivens B, Gusmão J, Liu BH, Hostyn V, Van Slycken J, Van Montagu M, Boerjan W. Dense genetic linkage maps of three Populus species (Populus deltoides, P. nigra and P. trichocarpa) based on AFLP and microsatellite markers. Genetics 2001; 158:787-809. [PMID: 11404342 PMCID: PMC1461694 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/158.2.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Populus deltoides, P. nigra, and P. trichocarpa are the most important species for poplar breeding programs worldwide. In addition, Populus has become a model for fundamental research on trees. Linkage maps were constructed for these three species by analyzing progeny of two controlled crosses sharing the same female parent, Populus deltoides cv. S9-2 x P. nigra cv. Ghoy and P. deltoides cv. S9-2 x P. trichocarpa cv. V24. The two-way pseudotestcross mapping strategy was used to construct the maps. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers that segregated 1:1 were used to form the four parental maps. Microsatellites and sequence-tagged sites were used to align homoeologous groups between the maps and to merge linkage groups within the individual maps. Linkage analysis and alignment of the homoeologous groups resulted in 566 markers distributed over 19 groups for P. deltoides covering 86% of the genome, 339 markers distributed over 19 groups for P. trichocarpa covering 73%, and 369 markers distributed over 28 groups for P. nigra covering 61%. Several tests for randomness showed that the AFLP markers were randomly distributed over the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Cervera
- Vakgroep Moleculaire Genetica en Departement Plantengenetica, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Universiteit Gent, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Wu K, Shan YJ, Zhao Y, Yu JW, Liu BH. Inhibitory effects of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl succinate on benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in female mice. World J Gastroenterol 2001; 7:60-5. [PMID: 11819734 PMCID: PMC4688702 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v7.i1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2000] [Revised: 10/21/2000] [Accepted: 10/28/2000] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the inhibitory effects of VES (RRR-alpha-tocopheryl Succinate, VES),a derivative of natural Vitamin E, on benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P)-induced forestomach tumor in female mice. METHODS The model of B(a)P-induced forestomach tumor was established according to the methods of Wattenberg with slight modify-cations. One hundred and eighty female mice (6 weeks old) were divided into six groups equally; negative control (Succinic acid), vehicle control (Succinate+B(a)P),positive control(B(a)P), high VES(2.5 g/kg.b.w+B(a)P), low VES(1.25 g/kg.b.w+B(a)P)ig as well as VES by ip (20 mg/kg.b.w+B(a)P). Except the negative control group, the mice were administrated with B(a)P ig. and corresponding treatments for 4 weeks to study the anti-carcinogenetic effect of VES during the initiation period. The experiment lasted 29 weeks, in which the inhibitory effects of VES both on tumor incidence and tumor size were tested. RESULTS The models of B(a)P-induced forestomach tumor in female mice were established successfully. Some were cauliflower-like, others looked like papilla, even a few were formed into the ulcer cavities. VES at 1.25 g/kg.b.w, 2.5 g/kg.b.w. by ig and 20 mg/kg.b.w. via ip could decrease the number of tumors per mouse (1.7 plus minus 0.41, 1.6 plus minus 0.34 and 1.1 +/- 0.43), being lower than that of B(a)P group (5.4 +/- 0.32, P<0.05). The tumor incidence was inhibited by 18.2%, 23.1% and 50.0%. VES at 1.25 g/kg.b.w., 2.5 g/kg.b.w. by ig and 20 mg/kg.b.w. via ip reduced the total volume of tumors per mouse (54.8 +/- 8.84, 28.4 8 +/- 8.32 and 23.9 8 +/- 16.05), being significantly lower than that of B(a)P group (150.2 8 +/- 20.93, P < 0.01). The inhibitory rates were 63.5%, 81.1% and 84.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION VES has inhibitory effects on B(a)P-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in female mice, especially by ip and it may be a potential anti-cancer agent in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Abstract
Using anti-microcystin-LR monoclonal antibodies, an immunoblotting procedure was developed to monitor the formation of microcystin-protein phosphatase adducts in vitro and in vivo. The detection limits for the covalent binding of MCYST-LR with the recombinant protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and rabbit liver cytosol proteins were found to be 0.1 ng and 0.3 ng per assay, respectively. MCYST-PP1 adducts were detected 30 s after the addition of MCYST-LR into the reaction mixture. Reduction of the methyldehydroalanine (Mdha) residue of MCYST-LR with ethanethiol totally abolished the covalent binding of the toxin to PP1, but retained its inhibitory toxicity on PP1. Immunoblotting analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay showed that between 5 min to 16 h after i.p. injection of single dose (35 microg/kg) of MCYST-LR into mice, approximately 0-27% of the injected toxin was found covalently bound while 0.2-9.2% existed as free form in liver cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Department of Food Microbiology & Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA
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Xu YH, Yu CX, Luo JR, Mao JS, Liu BH, Li JG, Wan BN, Wan YX. Role of reynolds stress-induced poloidal flow in triggering the transition to improved ohmic confinement on the HT-6M tokamak. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:3867-3870. [PMID: 11019226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Time and space resolved measurements of electrostatic Reynolds stress, radial electric field E(r), and plasma rotations have been performed across the transition to improved Ohmic confinement in the Hefei Tokamak-6M (HT-6M). The first experimental evidence of the correlation between the enhanced Reynolds stress gradient and the poloidal flow acceleration in the edge plasma is presented. The results indicate that the turbulence-induced Reynolds stress might be the dominant mechanism to create the sheared poloidal flow and E(r), which may further trigger the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- YH Xu
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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