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Zerin NH, Rasul MG, Jahirul MI, Sayem ASM. End-of-life tyre conversion to energy: A review on pyrolysis and activated carbon production processes and their challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166981. [PMID: 37709084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The number of end-of-life waste tyres has increased enormously worldwide, which is one of the non-biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) piling up in an open space for a long time. Every year, various types of tyres are released in the environment from different vehicles, such as trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles, and bicycles, which negatively impact the environment. Nowadays, waste tyres are treated in several ways, whereas thermochemical conversion is one of them, including combustion, gasification, incineration, and pyrolysis. Many literatures revealed that pyrolysis is a more environmentally friendly process than others since it can convert waste tyres into crude oil, char, and syngas without emitting harmful gases. In this study, the pyrolysis of tyres and the chemical activation of tyres are reviewed in terms of their kinetic behaviour. According to the literature, the most influential factors of the pyrolysis process are reactors, temperature, heating rate, residence time, feedstock size and catalyst. As the main ingredient of the tyre is rubber, tyre pyrolysis starts from 300 °C and completely decomposed nearly 550 °C. It can be found from literature that Pyrolysed tyre can produce 30-65% oil, 25-45% char and 5-20 % gas. It is also explained how the properties of active carbon (AC) are affected by activating conditions, including activation temperature, agent, the ratio of reagent mixture and others. Generally, pyrolytic char has surface area between 20 and 80 m2/g, whereas tyre-derived activated carbon's (TDAC) surface area varied from 90 to 970 m2/g. For large surface area and porous structure, TDAC has large application in purification and energy storage sector. The individuality of this article is to depict the entire pathway of AC production from waste tyres. The findings of this literature review help to improve technologies for producing activated carbon from waste tyres pyrolysed char.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Zerin
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - M G Rasul
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia.
| | - M I Jahirul
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - A S M Sayem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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2
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Han W, Han D, Chen H. Pyrolysis of Waste Tires: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071604. [PMID: 37050218 PMCID: PMC10097134 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste tires are known as "black pollution", which is difficult to degrade. The safe handling and recycling of waste tires have always been the focus of and difficulty for the global rubber industry. Pyrolysis can not only solve the problem of environmental pollution but also completely treat the waste tires and recover valuable pyrolysis products. This paper summarizes research progress on the pyrolysis of waste tires, including the pyrolysis mechanism; the important factors affecting the pyrolysis of waste tires (pyrolysis temperature and catalysts); and the composition, properties, and applications of the three kinds of pyrolysis products. The composition and yield of pyrolysis products can be regulated by pyrolysis temperature and catalysts, and pyrolysis products can be well used in many industrial occasions after different forms of post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Tire Equipment and Key Materials, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing of Polymer Materials, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Deshang Han
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
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3
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Wang B, Lan J, Bo C, Gong B, Ou J. Adsorption of heavy metal onto biomass-derived activated carbon: review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4275-4302. [PMID: 36760304 PMCID: PMC9891085 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of the social economy and the massive increase in population, human beings continue to undertake processing, and commercial manufacturing activities of heavy metals, which has caused serious damage to the environment and human health. Heavy metals lead to serious environmental problems such as soil contamination and water pollution. Human health and the living environment are closely affected by the handling of heavy metals. Researchers must find several simple, economical and practical methods to adsorb heavy metals. Adsorption technology has been recognized as an efficient and economic strategy, exhibiting the advantages of recovering and reusing adsorbents. Biomass-derived activated carbon adsorbents offer large adjustable specific surface area, hierarchically porous structure, strong adsorption capacity, and excellent high economic applicability. This paper focuses on reviewing the preparation methods of biomass-derived activated carbon in the past five years. The application of representative biomass-derived activated carbon in the adsorption of heavy metals preferentially was described to optimize the critical parameters of the activation type of samples and process conditions. The key factors of the adsorbent, the physicochemical properties of the heavy metals, and the adsorption conditions affecting the adsorption of heavy metals are highlighted. In addition, the challenges faced by biomass-derived activated carbon are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Jingming Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Chunmiao Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Bolin Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
| | - Junjie Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, North Minzu University Yinchuan 750021 PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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4
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Shi D, Yek PNY, Ge S, Shi Y, Liew RK, Peng W, Sonne C, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Lam SS. Production of highly porous biochar via microwave physiochemical activation for dechlorination in water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136624. [PMID: 36181838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Most biomass is composted into low-grade biofertilizer or processed into energy fuel for burning. At the same time, waste palm shell is potentially converted into highly porous biochar for dechlorination in water treatment. A single-mode microwave activation was developed to perform microwave activation that incorporated the application of steam, KOH, and a physiochemical process. The single-mode microwave activation was performed at the activation temperature ranging from 550-600 °C and recorded a short process duration of 5 min. The steam-activated biochar showed a mass yield of 88.3 wt%, a surface area of 527.4 m2/g, and a dechlorination efficiency of 25.5 mg/g. KOH-activated biochar showed a mass yield of 90.5 wt%, a surface area of 301.1 m2/g and a dechlorination efficiency of 24.0 mg/g. The physiochemical activated biochar showed the highest pores surface area of 717.8 m2/g and dechlorination efficiency of 35.8 mg/g but the lowest mass yield of 77.6 wt%. The results demonstrate that the greater the surface area, the higher the dechlorination efficiency. Using microwave heating and physiochemical activation technology demonstrates a promising way to produce activated biochar for the dechlorination of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shi
- School of Design, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China; Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Peter Nai Yuh Yek
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Shengbo Ge
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Yang Shi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Second Floor, Macalister Road, 10400, Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
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5
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Goksal FP. An economic analysis of scrap tire pyrolysis, potential and new opportunities. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11669. [PMID: 36419657 PMCID: PMC9676532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrap tire recycling is a concern for local and national governments because of the associated environmental hazards. As motor vehicle use increases around the globe, fueled by booming demand in the emerging market, more governments are imposing stringent recycling rules for scrap tires. New and emerging technologies have been introduced to solve the recycling problem. Pyrolysis, which involves the decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures under inert conditions, converts scrap tires into gas and liquid fuels and these products can be used by other industries such as chemical, energy and transportation industries. The feasibility of pyrolysis depends on several factors, including the material content of the scrap tire and market value of the products. Current and past market conditions suggest that pyrolysis plants can be run profitably as independent operations. This study evaluated the economic potential of the pyrolysis industry based on evolving market conditions and forecasts the potential market size based on the volume of scrap tires expected to come into the market in the next 20 years. Separate models were used for market predictions for Europe and Turkey. The economic benefits of using scrap tire pyrolysis were discussed, including the potential monetary value of adopting such policies for Turkey.
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Yek PNY, Liew RK, Wan Mahari WA, Peng W, Sonne C, Kong SH, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Park YK, Lam SS. Production of value-added hydrochar from single-mode microwave hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm waste for de-chlorination of domestic water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:154968. [PMID: 35367546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A huge amount of palm waste generated daily represents a problematic high-moisture waste to be disposed of, yet it also represents a promising biomass resource to be transformed into a value-added product. A single-mode microwave hydrothermal carbonization process incorporating steam purging was developed and utilised to convert high-moisture palm waste into hydrochar over a range of process temperatures from 150 to 300 °C. The microwave hydrothermal carbonization recorded a shorter process duration (10 min) and prevented the occurrence of hot spots within the reactor. The resulting hydrochar showed up to 94.3 wt% of mass yield, 69.2 wt% of fixed carbon, and 412.3 m2/g of surface area. The subsequent application of the hydrochar in de-chlorination of domestic water demonstrated an impressive removal performance of up to 98.9% of free chlorine, exhibiting 435 min of breakthrough time, and 40.0 mg/g of bed capacity in continuous column operation. The results show great promise of microwave hydrothermal carbonization as a desirable approach to produce desirable hydrochar for de-chlorination application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nai Yuh Yek
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Second Floor, Macalister Road, 10400 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sieng Huat Kong
- School of Foundation Studies, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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7
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Facile Synthesis of Magnetic Biochar Derived from Burley Tobacco Stems towards Enhanced Cr (VI) Removal: Performance and Mechanism. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040678. [PMID: 35215006 PMCID: PMC8878553 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ferric-loaded magnetic burley tobacco stem biochar (MBTS) was synthesized via pyrolysis to improve the removal of Cr(VI). The results showed that MBTS had an adsorption capacity of 54.92 mg Cr(VI)/g, which was about 14 times higher than raw burley tobacco stem biochar (i.e., 3.84 mg/g). According to the findings obtained, a three-step mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by MBTS was further put forward, i.e., (1) Cr(VI) exchanged with hydroxyl groups on MBTS, (2) the reduction in Cr(VI) to Cr(III) mediated by oxygen-containing groups, and (3) the chelation of produced Cr(III) with the amino groups on MBTS. FTIR spectra further revealed that C-N, C-H, and C=C groups played an important role in Cr(VI) removal. Furthermore, the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of Cr(VI) on MBTS could better be described by the Langmuir equation and pseudo-second-order rate equation. This study clearly demonstrated that ferric-loaded biochar derived from burley tobacco stems could serve as a cost-effective magnetic adsorbent for the high-efficiency removal of soluble Cr(VI) from wastewater. Tobacco stem-adsorbed Cr(VI) realized a green path for treating waste by waste.
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8
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Waste-Tire-Derived Activated Carbon as Efficient Adsorbent of P-Nitrophenol from Wastewater. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7313899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a two-stage activation method was used to prepare adsorbents from scrap tire rubber. Firstly, KOH was mixed with rubber using different impregnation ratios (1–2) for primary activation; a second activation was performed after pyrolysis at 650°C and 750°C; and finally, the samples were acid-washed using HNO3. The prepared materials were characterized by elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, SEM, FTIR, and XPS. The adsorption capacity and mechanism of these materials on p-nitrophenol in wastewater were also investigated. It was found that after two-stage activation, the specific surface area of the materials can be effectively increased, and the surface of the materials can be enriched with oxygen-containing functional groups. The maximum adsorption capacity of PNP could reach 143.9 mg g−1, which is slightly higher than the literature data under the same conditions. The adsorption process is in the form of chemisorption and is dominated by hydrogen bonding and π-πEDA formation, but the adsorption tends to be monolayer, and the adsorption behavior can be described by a proposed secondary model. In addition, the adsorbent has a stronger adsorption capacity under acidic conditions.
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9
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Nabgan W, Jalil AA, Nabgan B, Ikram M, Ali MW, Lakshminarayana P. A state of the art overview of carbon-based composites applications for detecting and eliminating pharmaceuticals containing wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132535. [PMID: 34648794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of new toxins in the environment continues to cause widespread concerns. Pharmaceuticals, organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, endocrine-disrupting substances, microorganisms, and others are examples of persistent organic chemicals whose effects are unknown because they have recently entered the environment and are displaying up in wastewater treatment facilities. Pharmaceutical pollutants in discharged wastewater have become a danger to animals, marine species, humans, and the environment. Although their presence in drinking water has generated significant concerns, little is known about their destiny and environmental effects. As a result, there is a rising need for selective, sensitive, quick, easy-to-handle, and low-cost early monitoring detection systems. This study aims to deliver an overview of a low-cost carbon-based composite to detect and remove pharmaceutical components from wastewater using the literature reviews and bibliometric analysis technique from 1970 to 2021 based on the web of science (WoS) database. Various pollutants in water and soil were reviewed, and different methods were introduced to detect pharmaceutical pollutants. The advantages and drawbacks of varying carbon-based materials for sensing and removing pharmaceutical wastes were also introduced. Finally, the available techniques for wastewater treatment, challenges and future perspectives on the recent progress were highlighted. The suggestions in this article will facilitate the development of novel on-site methods for removing emerging pollutants from pharmaceutical effluents and commercial enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aishah Abdul Jalil
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Bahador Nabgan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mohamad Wijayanuddin Ali
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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10
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Feng N, Yang W, Zhao X, Chen M, Qiu Y, Zheng M. Semi-enclosed bays serve as hotspots for black carbon burial: A case study in Jiaozhou Bay, western Yellow Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149100. [PMID: 34303985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The provenance of black carbon (BC) and its role in affecting contaminant cycling in both the atmosphere and aquatic environments have been extensively studied. However, the fate and cycling dynamics of BC, particularly in marine environments, are poorly understood. Herein, soot BC was determined in the semi-enclosed Jiaozhou Bay to examine the seasonal variability, residence timescale in seawater, and settling flux to sediments, together with particle-reactive 234Th. Soot BC ranged from 0.39 to 4.26 μmol-C L-1. On average, spring produced the highest value of 1.88 ± 0.31 μmol-C L-1, followed by winter (1.59 ± 0.18 μmol-C L-1), summer (0.94 ± 0.09 μmol-C L-1), and autumn (0.90 ± 0.09 μmol-C L-1). The seasonality of soot BC was similar to the activity concentration of particulate 234Th (i.e., 234ThP). The close relationships between soot BC and 234ThP (p < 0.01) provide the basis for the application of 234Th to trace the fate of soot BC. Based on the 234Th deficit with respect to 238U, the residence times of soot BC were estimated to be 41 ± 6 d and 36 ± 5 d for May-August and August-November, respectively. The shorter residence times of soot BC than that of seawater indicated that soot BC delivered to Jiaozhou Bay settled in the local sediments. Furthermore, soot BC concentrations were higher in the inflow seawater from the Yellow Sea than the outflow water from Jiaozhou Bay, implying a net input of soot BC from the Yellow Sea to Jiaozhou Bay. The soot BC fluxes were 0.266 ± 0.035 mmol-C m-2 d-1 and 0.0472 ± 0.0065 mmol-C m-2 d-1 for May-August and August-November, respectively. From the bay-scale perspective, Jiaozhou Bay had buried 0.101 ± 0.010 Gg of soot BC each year. These results indicate that the semi-enclosed Jiaozhou Bay acts as an effective trap for soot BC and particle-reactive contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Feng
- Stake Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- Stake Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiufeng Zhao
- Stake Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yusheng Qiu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Minfang Zheng
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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11
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Madhubashani AMP, Giannakoudakis DA, Amarasinghe BMWPK, Rajapaksha AU, Pradeep Kumara PBT, Triantafyllidis KS, Vithanage M. Propensity and appraisal of biochar performance in removal of oil spills: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117676. [PMID: 34265555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the adsorption-based environmental remediation techniques have gained a considerable attention, due to their economic viability and simplicity over other methods. Hence, detailed presentation and analysis were herein focused on describing the role of biochar in oil spill removal. Oil removal by utilizing biochar is assumed as a green-oriented concept. Biochar is a carbon-rich low-cost material with high porosity and specific surface chemistry, with a tremendous potentiality for oil removal from aqueous solutions. Oil sorption properties of biochar mainly depend on the biochar production/synthesis method, and the biomass feedstock type. In order to preserve the stability of functional groups in the structure, biochar needs to be produced/activated at low temperatures (<700 ᵒC). In general, biochar derived from biomass containing high lignin content via slow pyrolysis is more favorable for oil removal. Exceptional characteristics of biochar which intensify the oil removal capability such as hydrophobicity, oleophilicity or/and specific contaminant-surface interaction of biochar can be enhanced and be tuned by chemical and physical activation methods. Considering all the presented results, future perspectives such as the examination of biochar efficacy on oil removal efficiency in multi-element contaminated aqueous solutions to identify the best biomass feedstocks, the production protocols and large-scale field trials, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M P Madhubashani
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Dimitrios A Giannakoudakis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - B M W P K Amarasinghe
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - P B Terney Pradeep Kumara
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Geology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Marine Environment Protection Authority, No 177, Nawala Road, Narahenpita, Colombo 05, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
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12
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Xu J, Yu J, He W, Huang J, Xu J, Li G. Replacing commercial carbon black by pyrolytic residue from waste tire for tire processing: Technically feasible and economically reasonable. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148597. [PMID: 34182453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Decades of researches have proved that pyrolysis can not only realize the harmless disposal of waste tire, but also carry out the goal of waste resource utilization via recycling pyrolytic products (e.g. pyrolytic carbon black, CBp). The current work studied the effect of CBp obtained from the commercial scale pyrolysis of waste tire, on the properties of natural rubber and butadiene rubber. CBp was incorporated into a carbon black quality identification standard formula in combination with N234 commercial carbon black (cCB) first. After screening a better substitution ratio, the composite material of CBp and cCB was mixed with more additives, and the experiment was carried out with a real production formula. To restore the practical production situation, the experiment process adopts the most commonly used process to avoid major changes in commercial production. CBp was tested at increasing loading levels as partial or full replacement of cCB. The physico-mechanical properties of the rubber compounds were studied by tests of physical, mechanical, and vulcanization properties. With the increase in the amount of CBp added, the physical and mechanical properties of the rubber compound showed a trend of slightly increasing first and then rapidly decreasing. The addition of CBp can increase the yield strength and stiffness of the rubber, but it may also lead to a decrease in hardness. Meanwhile, the substitution ratio of CBp up to 50% has been proven to improve safety and achieve a more stable vulcanization process of rubber compounds. CBp can replace up to half of cCB without significantly reducing the quality of tire rubber. The economic value of partial replacement of cCB by CBp has also been evaluated, demonstrating that adding a small amount of CBp can directly reduce the cost of raw materials, indirectly reduce the use of fossil energy promoting carbon dioxide reduction worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiaxue Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenzhi He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juwen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junshi Xu
- Shanghai Tire Craftsman Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Guangming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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13
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Mohammad Alwi M, Normaya E, Ismail H, Iqbal A, Mat Piah B, Abu Samah MA, Ahmad MN. Two-Dimensional Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy, Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents, and Density Functional Theory Study on the Adsorption Mechanism of Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone for Effective Phenol Removal in an Aqueous Medium. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25179-25192. [PMID: 34632177 PMCID: PMC8495713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of industrial effluents, such as phenol, into aquatic and soil environments is a global problem due to its serious negative impacts on human health and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the ability of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) to remove phenol from an aqueous medium was investigated. The results showed that a significant proportion of phenol (up to 74.91%) was removed using PVPP at pH 6.5. Isotherm adsorption experiments of phenol on PVPP indicated that the best-fit adsorption was obtained using Langmuir models. The response peaks of the hydroxyl groups of phenol (OH) and the carboxyl groups (i.e., C=O) of PVPP were altered, indicating the formation of a hydrogen bond between the PVPP and phenol during phenol removal, as characterized using 1D and 2D IR spectroscopy. The resulting complexes were successfully characterized based on their thermodynamic properties, Mulliken charge, and electronic transition using the DFT approach. To clarify the types of interactions taking place in the complex systems, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis, reduced density gradient noncovalent interaction (RDG-NCI) approach, and conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) approach were also successfully calculated. The results showed that the interactions that occurred in the process of removing phenol by PVPP were through hydrogen bonding (based on RDG-NCI and COSMO-RS), which was identified as an intermediate type (∇2ρ(r) > 0 and H < 0, QTAIM). To gain a deeper understanding of how these interactions occurred, further characterization was performed based on adsorption mechanisms using molecular electrostatic potential, global reactivity, and local reactivity descriptors. The results showed that during hydrogen bond formation, PVPP acts as a nucleophile, whereas phenol acts as an electrophile and the O9 atom (i.e., donor electron) reacts with the H22 atom (i.e., acceptor electron).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Ammar Mohammad Alwi
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Erna Normaya
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- River
of Life (ROL) Kuantan Chapter, International
Islamic University of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Innovative
Toyyib Environment Minds (ITEMS), International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hakimah Ismail
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- School
of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bijarimi Mat Piah
- Faculty
of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Armi Abu Samah
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- River
of Life (ROL) Kuantan Chapter, International
Islamic University of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Innovative
Toyyib Environment Minds (ITEMS), International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- River
of Life (ROL) Kuantan Chapter, International
Islamic University of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Innovative
Toyyib Environment Minds (ITEMS), International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Drug and
Poison Call Centre, IIUM Poison Centre, International Islamic University of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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14
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Xu J, Yu J, He W, Huang J, Xu J, Li G. Recovery of carbon black from waste tire in continuous commercial rotary kiln pyrolysis reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145507. [PMID: 33770869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems caused by waste tires have become so glaring that it has attracted wide attention. This case study seeks to examine the properties of carbon black from waste tires continuous commercial scale pyrolysis. This work aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring the difference between the properties of products under the condition of mass production and those under the condition of laboratory scale or pilot scale production. A pyrolysis prototype, with a waste tire mass flow rate of 50-60 t d-1 was constructed and introduced. Steel-included tire granulates were pyrolyzed in micro-negative pressure furnace at about 420 ± 20 °C. This kind of nonstripping, micro-negative pressure and low-temperature continuous thermal pyrolysis technology can reduce the stripping process between rubber and steel wire, reduce the requirement of equipment sealing, and improve the utilization rate of resources. All three products including pyrolytic carbon black (CBp), tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) and pyrolysis gas showed good characteristics. Pyrolysis gas had been successfully re-used for pyrolysis furnaces and dryers. The higher heating value of TPO estimated to 37-40 MJ/ kg, which was comparable to diesel fuel through further treatment. Results of proximate analysis, element analysis, XPS, FTIR, XRD and surface structure confirmed that CBp with commercial scale production showed no apparent data difference with those in other small scale research cases. The morphological changes of carbon black particles were suggested, revealing a possible internal structure of CBp aggregates in commercial scale pyrolysis. This study is an attempt to push the existing research in this field to commercial production. This work generates fresh insight into the viability of continuous commercial pyrolysis and demonstrates the feasibility of the operation, providing reference for many researchers and units who study the pyrolysis technology of waste tires with the feasibility of industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiaxue Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenzhi He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juwen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junshi Xu
- Shanghai Tire Craftsman Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Guangming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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15
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Hevira L, Zilfa, Rahmayeni, Ighalo JO, Aziz H, Zein R. Terminalia catappa shell as low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Liu Q, Yang J, Li H, Ye J, Fei Z, Chen X, Zhang Z, Tang J, Cui M, Qiao X. Activated carbon prepared from catechol distillation residue for efficient adsorption of aromatic organic compounds from aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128750. [PMID: 33199105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
At present, activated carbon (AC) derived from industrial wastes has a great practical significance. In this work, residue activated carbon (RAC) was successfully synthesized from catechol distillation residue by a simple activation process based on two steps. The optimized RAC (RAC-800, activated at 800 °C) had high specific surface area (1800 m2/g) and large total pore volume (0.91 cm3/g). RAC-800 portrayed the evident increase of the graphitic structure and possessed abundant functional groups. Catechol (CC), phthalic acid (PA) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were chosen as typical pollutant to investigate the effect of different functional groups on adsorption aromatic compounds, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity of RAC-800 for CC, PA and DMP was 221.5, 365.0 and 449.9 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption behaviors were systematically studied by the combination of kinetic and thermodynamic model. The adsorption process was dominated by the π-π interaction, assisted by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. In addition, regeneration study showed that the adsorption capacity can still remain over 88.5% after five cycles. In total, fine chemical distillation residues are promising to turn into the precursor of activated carbon, which has potential to be used as a good adsorbent for removal of aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Junhao Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jiahua Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Fei
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Xian Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhuxiu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jihai Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Mifen Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Xu Qiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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17
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A Methodology for Industrial Water Footprint Assessment Using Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent national government policy in Ireland proposes a radical transformation of the energy sector and a large reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050. Water and energy form the water–energy nexus, with water being an essential component in energy production. However, the connection between the production of energy and water is rarely made. In particular, the end-user processes are generally excluded because they occur outside the water industry. The present study includes two simple approaches for industrial sites to calculate their carbon footprint in the water sector. The assessment of the milk powder manufacturing using both approaches indicates that the combined emission factor of the water supply and treatment is approximately 1.28 kg CO2 m−3 of water. The dairy production among steel, textile, and paper industries appears to be the most carbon-emitting industry. However, the results show that the carbon intensity of the water supply and treatment can be minimized by the integration of renewable energy sources for the onsite heat/steam and electricity generation. The uniqueness of our approaches compared to calculations illustrated by the ecoinvent and other governmental databases is its simplicity and a focus on the main energy consuming manufacturing steps in the entire industrial process. We believe that the management of water and energy resources will be more efficient when “active water citizens” raise environmental awareness through promoting measures regarding data monitoring and collection, observed leaks and damages, dissimilation and exchange of information on sustainable water stewardship to public and various industrial stakeholders.
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18
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Yang Y, Pei Z, Yan L, Ma J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang R, Wang P, Zhu Y, Zhang Q. Oxidative transformation of 1-naphthylamine in water mediated by different environmental black carbons. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123594. [PMID: 32795825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black carbons (BCs) are ubiquitous in the natural environment and can significantly influence the environmental behavior of pollutants. This work examined the mediating effects of graphite, soot, and biochar on 1-naphthylamine (1-NA) oxidation under aerobic conditions. It was shown that the three BCs significantly promoted the oxidation of 1-NA in the dark, and the mediation efficiency of graphite was much greater than that of soot or biochar. The oxidation products were the coupling oligomers (dimers and trimers) and the oxygen-containing oligomers of 1-NA (di-OH-1-NA, OH-azo naphthalene, OH-trimers and amino-naphthoquinone derivatives etc.). The phenolic OH on BCs were identified as the active sites for 1-NA oxidation, which could stimulate O2 to produce reactive oxygen species through successive single electron transfer and then cause 1-NA oxidation. Moreover, the superior catalytic performance of graphite was also related to its high electrical conductivity. The synergies between the sp2-hybridized carbon surface and the active sites (such as phenolic OH and defects) facilitated the oxidation of 1-NA on graphite. Findings in this study not only are helpful for better understanding the reactivity of environmental BCs, but also provide new insights into the risk assessment of 1-NA in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China; School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
| | - Liangguo Yan
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
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19
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Xu J, Yu J, Xu J, Sun C, He W, Huang J, Li G. High-value utilization of waste tires: A review with focus on modified carbon black from pyrolysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140235. [PMID: 32629243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the recycling of waste tires has caused widespread concern for its environmental issues. The experience of the producer responsibility and tax system is of great beneficial to developing countries. The article also elaborates on the efforts of Chinese government to focus on establishing and perfecting waste tire treatment system by strengthen legislation. The main reasons such as immature market, non-uniform policy and repeated taxation for the survival difficulties of waste tire recycling enterprises in China are summarized. Among numerous resource methods, pyrolysis has been considered as a promising thermochemical process to deal with the waste tires. Unlike other similar reviews that mainly focus on its liquid phase, special attention has been given to solid char, pyrolysis carbon black, due to its wide application and high-value utilization in the future. We summarize the available research on application of pyrolysis carbon black as an alternative to commercial carbon black in rubber manufacture, as activated carbon in pollution control and as biochar for soil improvement. Analysis of the available data revealed that 1) the influence of temperature and time has been basically established; 2) catalyst type, dosage and reactor selection should be adjusted according to product demand; 3) pickling has become the primary means of improving pyrolysis carbon black; 4) the type of modifier and modification method must be adjusted according to the specific characteristics of the raw materials and needs to be combined with the experimental results to realize resource utilization and give full play to its economic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiaxue Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianglin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenliang Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenzhi He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Juwen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guangming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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20
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Li Y, Wang S, Shen Z, Li X, Zhou Q, Sun Y, Wang T, Liu Y, Gao Q. Gradient Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet onto Compound Microporous Silica from Aqueous Medium. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28382-28392. [PMID: 33163822 PMCID: PMC7643329 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microporous silica (MS) materials are a kind of an emerging and promising adsorbent precursor. MS prepared from vermiculite has the advantages of easy preparation, low cost, and low layer charge. In this study, organo-MS (OMS) modified by a typical gemini surfactant 1,2-bis(hexadecyldimethylammonio)ethane dibromide (G16) is first synthesized and proved to have effective retention capacity toward cationic dyes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TG-DTG, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller are used to explore the structural characters of adsorbents. Gradient adsorption of compound MS (MS and OMS) in a binary dye system [methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV)] was investigated. In a single system, the relationship between the adsorption capacity and influencing factors (dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH), adsorption kinetics, isotherms, as well as thermodynamics was comprehensively compared to reveal the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption values of MB and CV on MS and OMS are 308 mg g-1 (R = 77.0%, 15 min) and 250 mg g-1 (R = 83.3%), respectively, which may be caused by various intermolecular interactions (electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions) between the dye and adsorbent surface. In a binary system, the improved first spectroscopy method is used to calculate the individual concentration of the dye in the binary system. The total removal efficiency of gradient adsorption reaches as high as 89.5% (MB) and 86.4% (CV). In addition, compound MS can be effectively regenerated by HCl solution for several cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies (i-MEET), College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Institute
of Oxygen Supply, Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies (i-MEET), College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Institute
of Oxygen Supply, Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Zichen Shen
- School
of Management Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu
University, 1000 Fengming Road, Licheng District, Jinan
City, Shandong Province 250101, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies (i-MEET), College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Qianyu Zhou
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies (i-MEET), College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yaxun Sun
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies (i-MEET), College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies (i-MEET), College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies (i-MEET), College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department
of Physics, Innovation Center of Materials for Energy and Environment
Technologies (i-MEET), College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cosmic Rays, Ministry of Education, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
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21
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Yin Z, Cui C, Chen H, Yu X, Qian W. The Application of Carbon Nanotube/Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902301. [PMID: 31788946 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of organic wastewater is of great significance. Carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene-based nanomaterials have great potential as absorbent materials for organic wastewater treatment owing to their high specific surface area, mesoporous structure, tunable surface properties, and high chemical stability; these attributes allow them to endure harsh wastewater conditions, such as acidic, basic, and salty conditions at high concentrations or at high temperatures. Although a substantial amount of work has been reported on the performance of CNT/graphene-based nanomaterials in organic wastewater systems, engineering challenges still exist for their practical application. Herein, the adsorption mechanism of CNT- and graphene-based nanomaterials is summarized, including the adsorption mechanism of CNTs and graphene at the atomic and molecular levels, their hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface properties, and the structure-property relationship required for adsorption to occur. Second, the structural modification and recombination methods of CNT- and graphene-based adsorbents for various organic wastewater systems are introduced. Third, the engineering challenges, including the molding of macroscopically stable adsorbents, adsorption isotherm models and adsorption kinetic behaviors, and reversible adsorption performance compared to that of activated carbon (AC) are discussed. Finally, cost issues are discussed in light of scalable and practical application of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefang Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chaojie Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weizhong Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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22
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Menares T, Herrera J, Romero R, Osorio P, Arteaga-Pérez LE. Waste tires pyrolysis kinetics and reaction mechanisms explained by TGA and Py-GC/MS under kinetically-controlled regime. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:21-29. [PMID: 31654876 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fast pyrolysis of waste tires (WTs) is studied by quasi-isothermal thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, kinetic modelling and an analytical pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The TGA demonstrated that the WTs pyrolysis is ruled by devolatilization/condensation and depropagation reactions, up to 482 °C. At higher temperatures, the cyclization and aromatization of primary products take place to form mostly monoaromatics. Py-GC/MS experiments were performed under kinetic regime according to the thermal map established by the ratio between Biot́s (31.25) and Py-numbers (7.7⋅106). Limonene (51%) and isoprene (20.5%) were the major compounds detected at temperatures below 435 °C, while above 600 °C limonene was converted to mono-aromatics (SBTX = 28.7%). The approach to equilibrium of Diels-Alder reaction demonstrated that there is an equilibrium-ruled behavior between isoprene and limonene, particularly at T > 600 °C. The Ea values calculated by the Starinḱs model ranged from 101.5 to 176.7 kJ/mol, while for model-based kinetics it was 152.7 kJ/kmol. The integration of TGA, kinetic modelling and Py-GC/MS provided insights into pyrolysis reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Menares
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile; Technological Development Unit, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile
| | - Jorge Herrera
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Romina Romero
- Technological Development Unit, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile
| | - Paula Osorio
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis E Arteaga-Pérez
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile.
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Abdel Maksoud M, Elgarahy AM, Farrell C, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Rooney DW, Osman AI. Insight on water remediation application using magnetic nanomaterials and biosorbents. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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