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Siddiqui MS, Muthiah M, Satapathy SK, Patidar KR, Bhat M, Brandman D, Watt KD, Rinella M. Defining an approach for therapeutic strategies in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease after liver transplantation. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00683. [PMID: 38088872 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is common following liver transplantation (LT). MASLD can be classified as a recurrent disease when it occurs in patients receiving LT for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or as de novo when it occurs in patients undergoing transplantation for non-metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis etiologies of liver disease. Fibrosis progression in patients with MASLD is accelerated, with progression to cirrhosis occurring more rapidly compared with the general (ie, non-LT) population. Moreover, the metabolic burden in LT recipients with MASLD is high and synergizes with liver disease to negatively affect the clinical course. Despite the oversized clinical burden of MASLD among LT recipients, there is currently a lack of regulatory approach and pathway for therapeutics development in this patient population. The present document, thus, provides guidance for therapeutics development that incorporates nuances of transplant care in patients with post-LT MASLD to facilitate drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Soysouvanh F, Rousseau D, Bonnafous S, Bourinet M, Strazzulla A, Patouraux S, Machowiak J, Farrugia MA, Iannelli A, Tran A, Anty R, Luci C, Gual P. Osteopontin-driven T-cell accumulation and function in adipose tissue and liver promoted insulin resistance and MAFLD. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2568-2582. [PMID: 37724058 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the contribution of osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) to T-cell regulation in initiation of obesity-driven adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and macrophage infiltration and the subsequent impact on insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) development. METHODS SPP1 and T-cell marker expression was evaluated in AT and liver according to type 2 diabetes and MAFLD in human individuals with obesity. The role of SPP1 on T cells was evaluated in Spp1-knockout mice challenged with a high-fat diet. RESULTS In humans with obesity, elevated SPP1 expression in AT was parallel to T-cell marker expression (CD4, CD8A) and IR. Weight loss reversed AT inflammation with decreased SPP1 and CD8A expression. In liver, elevated SPP1 expression correlated with MAFLD severity and hepatic T-cell markers. In mice, although Spp1 deficiency did not impact obesity, it did improve AT IR associated with prevention of proinflammatory T-cell accumulation at the expense of regulatory T cells. Spp1 deficiency also decreased ex vivo helper T cell, subtype 1 (Th1) polarization of AT CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, Spp1 deficiency significantly reduced obesity-associated liver steatosis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Current findings highlight a critical role of SPP1 in the initiation of obesity-driven chronic inflammation by regulating accumulation and/or polarization of T cells. Early targeting of SPP1 could be beneficial for IR and MAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manon Bourinet
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Jean Machowiak
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Albert Tran
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Carmelo Luci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
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3
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Tao Y, Jiang Q, Wang Q. Adipose tissue macrophages in remote modulation of hepatic glucose production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998947. [PMID: 36091076 PMCID: PMC9449693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is fine-regulated via glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis to maintain physiological concentration of blood glucose during fasting-feeding cycle. Aberrant HGP leads to hyperglycemia in obesity-associated diabetes. Adipose tissue cooperates with the liver to regulate glycolipid metabolism. During these processes, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) change their profiles with various physio-pathological settings, producing diverse effects on HGP. Here, we briefly review the distinct phenotypes of ATMs under different nutrition states including feeding, fasting or overnutrition, and detail their effects on HGP. We discuss several pathways by which ATMs regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis, leading to favorable or unfavorable metabolic consequences. Furthermore, we summarize emerging therapeutic targets to correct metabolic disorders in morbid obesity or diabetes based on ATM-HGP axis. This review puts forward the importance and flexibility of ATMs in regulating HGP, proposing ATM-based HGP modulation as a potential therapeutic approach for obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex heterogeneous tissue composed of adipocytes along with several non-adipocyte populations, including blood, stromal, endothelial, and progenitor cells, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components. As obesity progresses, the adipose tissue expands dynamically through adipocyte hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia. This expansion requires continuous ECM remodeling to properly accommodate the size increase as well as functional changes. Upon reaching a hypertrophic threshold beyond the adipocyte buffering capacity, excess ECM components are deposited, causing fibrosis and ultimately resulting in unhealthy metabolic maladaptation. These complex ECM remodeling processes in adipose tissues are regulated by the local environment, several key mediators, and genetic factors that are closely linked to insulin sensitivity. It is crucial to understand how adipocytes interact with nonadipocyte populations and various mediators (i.e., immune cells, ECM components, and adipokines) during these processes. This mini-review provides an overview of the latest research into the biology of obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis and its related clinical manifestations, providing insight for further studies aimed at controlling metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hasegawa
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
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5
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Ha NB, Cho S, Mohamad Y, Kent D, Jun G, Wong R, Swarnakar V, Lin S, Maher JJ, Lai JC. Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Radiographic Visceral-to-Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Ratio in Patients with Cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3436-3444. [PMID: 34136974 PMCID: PMC8815298 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is associated with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, suggestive of its metabolic and inflammatory properties. We aimed to examine the histologic findings of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and to associate these findings with clinical and radiologic characteristics in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Included were 55 adults with cirrhosis who underwent liver transplantation from 3/2017-12/2018 and had an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan within 6 months prior to transplant. Visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR) was calculated using visceral (VATI) and subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI) quantified by CT at the L3-vertebral level and normalized for height (cm2/m2). VAT (greater omentum), SAT (abdominal wall), and skeletal muscle (rectus abdominis) biopsies were collected at transplant. RESULTS Majority of patients had VAT inflammation (71%); only one patient (2%) had SAT inflammation. Patients with VAT inflammation had similar median VATI (42 vs 41 cm2/m2), lower median SATI (64 vs 97 cm2/m2), and higher median VSR (0.63 vs 0.37, p = 0.002) than patients without inflammation. In univariable logistic regression, VSR was associated with VAT inflammation (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.11-1.96); this association remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, HCC, or MELD-Na on bivariable analyses. CONCLUSION In patients with cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation, histologic VAT inflammation was common, but SAT inflammation was not. Increased VSR was independently associated with VAT inflammation. Given the emerging data demonstrating the prognostic value of VSR, our findings support the value of CT-quantified VSR as a prognostic marker for adverse outcomes in the liver transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem B. Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Soo‑Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yara Mohamad
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dorothea Kent
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace Jun
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Randi Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vivek Swarnakar
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shezhang Lin
- 3D Lab, Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0538, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Fiorucci S, Zampella A, Ricci P, Distrutti E, Biagioli M. Immunomodulatory functions of FXR. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 551:111650. [PMID: 35472625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Farnesoid-x-receptor (FXR) is a bile acids sensor activated in humans by primary bile acids. FXR is mostly expressed in liver, intestine and adrenal glands but also by cells of innate immunity, including macrophages, liver resident macrophages, the Kupffer cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. In normal physiology and clinical disorders, cells of innate immunity mediate communications between liver, intestine and adipose tissues. In addition to FXR, the G protein coupled receptor (GPBAR1), that is mainly activated by secondary bile acids, whose expression largely overlaps FXR, modulates chemical communications from the intestinal microbiota and the host's immune system, integrating epithelial cells and immune cells in the entero-hepatic system, providing a mechanism for development of a tolerogenic state toward the intestinal microbiota. Disruption of FXR results in generalized inflammation and disrupted bile acids metabolism. While FXR agonism in preclinical models provides counter-regulatory signals that attenuate inflammation-driven immune dysfunction in a variety of liver and intestinal disease models, the clinical relevance of these mechanisms in the setting of FXR-related disorders remain poorly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. http://www.gastroenterologia.unipg.it
| | - Angela Zampella
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ricci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Leslie J, Geh D, Elsharkawy AM, Mann DA, Vacca M. Metabolic dysfunction and cancer in HCV: Shared pathways and mutual interactions. J Hepatol 2022; 77:219-236. [PMID: 35157957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
HCV hijacks many host metabolic processes in an effort to aid viral replication. The resulting hepatic metabolic dysfunction underpins many of the hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, the natural history of CHC is also substantially influenced by the host metabolic status: obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are major determinants of CHC progression toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have transformed the treatment and natural history of CHC. While DAA therapy effectively eradicates the virus, the long-lasting overlapping metabolic disease can persist, especially in the presence of obesity, increasing the risk of liver disease progression. This review covers the mechanisms by which HCV tunes hepatic and systemic metabolism, highlighting how systemic metabolic disturbance, lipotoxicity and chronic inflammation favour disease progression and a precancerous niche. We also highlight the therapeutic implications of sustained metabolic dysfunction following sustained virologic response as well as considerations for patients who develop HCC on the background of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Leslie
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Geh
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ahmed M Elsharkawy
- Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham, B15 2TH UK; National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Michele Vacca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
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MDM2 Aggravates Adipose Tissue Dysfunction through Ubiquitin-mediated STEAP4 Degradation. iScience 2022; 25:104544. [PMID: 35747386 PMCID: PMC9209722 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy adipose tissue is crucial to maintain normal energy homeostasis. Little is known about the role of murine double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase and has been highlighted in oncopathology, in adipose tissue. Our results indicated that MDM2 expression was associated with nutritional status. Mdm2 adipocyte-specific knock-in (Mdm2-AKI) mice exhibited exacerbated weight gain, insulin resistance, and decreased energy expenditure. Meanwhile, chronic high-fat diet (HFD) exposure caused obvious epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) dysfunction, such as senescence, apoptosis, and chronic inflammation, thereby leading to hepatic steatosis in Mdm2-AKI mice. Mechanically, MDM2 could interact with six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) and inhibit STEAP4 expression through ubiquitin-mediated STEAP4 degradation. Thereinto, the K18 and K161 sites of STEAP4 were ubiquitin-modificated by MDM2. Finally, STEAP4 restoration in eWAT of Mdm2-AKI mice on a HFD rescued MDM2-induced adipose dysfunction, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. Summary, the MDM2-STEAP4 axis in eWAT plays an important role in maintaining healthy adipose tissue function and improving hepatic steatosis. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) overexpression intensifies high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue dysfunction Adipocyte MDM2 overexpression aggravates insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis MDM2 decreases six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 4 (STEAP4) expression by ubiquitin-dependent STEAP4 degradation STEAP4 overexpression in eWAT alleviates MDM2-induced metabolic disorder
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Pincu Y, Yoel U, Haim Y, Makarenkov N, Maixner N, Shaco-Levy R, Bashan N, Dicker D, Rudich A. Assessing Obesity-Related Adipose Tissue Disease (OrAD) to Improve Precision Medicine for Patients Living With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860799. [PMID: 35574032 PMCID: PMC9098964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogenous condition that affects the life and health of patients to different degrees and in different ways. Yet, most approaches to treat obesity are not currently prescribed, at least in a systematic manner, based on individual obesity sub-phenotypes or specifically-predicted health risks. Adipose tissue is one of the most evidently affected tissues in obesity. The degree of adipose tissue changes - "adiposopathy", or as we propose to relate to herein as Obesity-related Adipose tissue Disease (OrAD), correspond, at least cross-sectionally, to the extent of obesity-related complications inflicted on an individual patient. This potentially provides an opportunity to better personalize anti-obesity management by utilizing the information that can be retrieved by assessing OrAD. This review article will summarize current knowledge on histopathological OrAD features which, beyond cross-sectional analyses, had been shown to predict future obesity-related endpoints and/or the response to specific anti-obesity interventions. In particular, the review explores adipocyte cell size, adipose tissue inflammation, and fibrosis. Rather than highly-specialized methods, we emphasize standard pathology laboratory approaches to assess OrAD, which are readily-available in most clinical settings. We then discuss how OrAD assessment can be streamlined in the obesity/weight-management clinic. We propose that current studies provide sufficient evidence to inspire concerted efforts to better explore the possibility of predicting obesity related clinical endpoints and response to interventions by histological OrAD assessment, in the quest to improve precision medicine in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Pincu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Uri Yoel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Endocrinology Service, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nataly Makarenkov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nitzan Maixner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruthy Shaco-Levy
- Institute of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nava Bashan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Dicker
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Assaf Rudich, ; Dror Dicker,
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Assaf Rudich, ; Dror Dicker,
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Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and progressive process affecting whole-body energy balance and is associated with comorbidities development. In addition to increased fat mass, obesity induces white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and fibrosis, leading to local and systemic metabolic dysfunctions, such as insulin resistance (IR). Accordingly, limiting inflammation or fibrosis deposition may improve IR and glucose homeostasis. Although no targeted therapy yet exists to slow or reverse adipose tissue fibrosis, a number of findings have clarified the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. In this review, we highlight adipose tissue remodeling events shown to be associated with fibrosis deposition, with a focus on adipose progenitors involved in obesity-induced healthy as well as unhealthy WAT expansion. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach (NutriOmics) Research Unit, UMRS U1269, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; ,
| | | | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approach (NutriOmics) Research Unit, UMRS U1269, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; , .,Nutrition Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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11
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Bile acid activated receptors: Integrating immune and metabolic regulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Fourman LT, Stanley TL, Zheng I, Pan CS, Feldpausch MN, Purdy J, Aepfelbacher J, Buckless C, Tsao A, Corey KE, Chung RT, Torriani M, Kleiner DE, Hadigan CM, Grinspoon SK. Clinical Predictors of Liver Fibrosis Presence and Progression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:2087-2094. [PMID: 32270862 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects more than one-third of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nonetheless, its natural history is poorly understood, including which patients are most likely to have a progressive disease course. METHODS We leveraged a randomized trial of the growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue tesamorelin to treat NAFLD in HIV. Sixty-one participants with HIV-associated NAFLD were randomized to tesamorelin or placebo for 12 months with serial biopsies. RESULTS In all participants with baseline biopsies (n = 58), 43% had hepatic fibrosis. Individuals with fibrosis had higher NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 3.6 ± 2.0 vs 2.0 ± 0.8; P < .0001) and visceral fat content (mean ± SD, 284 ± 91 cm2 vs 212 ± 95 cm2; P = .005), but no difference in hepatic fat or body mass index. Among placebo-treated participants with paired biopsies (n = 24), 38% had hepatic fibrosis progression over 12 months. For each 25 cm2 higher visceral fat at baseline, odds of fibrosis progression increased by 37% (odds ratio, 1.37 [95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.07]). There was no difference in baseline NAS between fibrosis progressors and nonprogressors, though NAS rose over time in the progressor group (mean ± SD, 1.1 ± 0.8 vs -0.5 ± 0.6; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS In this longitudinal study of HIV-associated NAFLD, high rates of hepatic fibrosis and progression were observed. Visceral adiposity was identified as a novel predictor of worsening fibrosis. In contrast, baseline histologic characteristics did not relate to fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T Fourman
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel Zheng
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chelsea S Pan
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meghan N Feldpausch
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Purdy
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Aepfelbacher
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colleen Buckless
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Tsao
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center, Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Torriani
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David E Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Colleen M Hadigan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Ruggiero AD, Key CCC, Kavanagh K. Adipose Tissue Macrophage Polarization in Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:625331. [PMID: 33681276 PMCID: PMC7925825 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.625331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 650 million adults are obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) worldwide. Obesity is commonly associated with several comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. However, compiled estimates suggest that from 5 to 40% of obese individuals do not experience metabolic or cardiovascular complications. The existence of the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotypes suggests that underlying differences exist in both tissues and overall systemic function. Macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue (AT) in obesity is typically associated with insulin resistance. However, as plastic cells, macrophages respond to stimuli in their microenvironments, altering their polarization between pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, depending on the state of their surroundings. The dichotomous nature of MHO and MUO clinical phenotypes suggests that differences in white AT function dictate local inflammatory responses by driving changes in macrophage subtypes. As obesity requires extensive AT expansion, we posit that remodeling capacity with adipose expansion potentiates favorable macrophage profiles in MHO as compared with MUO individuals. In this review, we discuss how differences in adipogenesis, AT extracellular matrix deposition and breakdown, and AT angiogenesis perpetuate altered AT macrophage profiles in MUO compared with MHO. We discuss how non-autonomous effects of remote organ systems, including the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system, interact with white adipose favorably in MHO. Preferential AT macrophage profiles in MHO stem from sustained AT function and improved overall fitness and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistaire D Ruggiero
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang Key
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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14
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Hepatocyte Injury and Hepatic Stem Cell Niche in the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030590. [PMID: 32131439 PMCID: PMC7140508 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption. The global prevalence of NAFLD is constantly increasing. NAFLD is a disease spectrum comprising distinct stages with different prognoses. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive condition, characterized by liver inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning, with or without fibrosis. The natural history of NAFLD is negatively influenced by NASH onset and by the progression towards advanced fibrosis. Pathogenetic mechanisms and cellular interactions leading to NASH and fibrosis involve hepatocytes, liver macrophages, myofibroblast cell subpopulations, and the resident progenitor cell niche. These cells are implied in the regenerative trajectories following liver injury, and impairment or perturbation of these mechanisms could lead to NASH and fibrosis. Recent evidence underlines the contribution of extra-hepatic organs/tissues (e.g., gut, adipose tissue) in influencing NASH development by interacting with hepatic cells through various molecular pathways. The present review aims to summarize the role of hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, their mutual influence, and the possible interactions with extra-hepatic tissues and organs in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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15
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Daemen S, Schilling JD. The Interplay Between Tissue Niche and Macrophage Cellular Metabolism in Obesity. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3133. [PMID: 32038642 PMCID: PMC6987434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The presence of chronic, low-grade inflammation appears to be an important mechanistic link between excess nutrients and clinical disease. The onset of these metabolic disorders coincides with changes in the number and phenotype of macrophages in peripheral organs, particularly in the liver and adipose tissue. Macrophage accumulation in these tissues has been implicated in tissue inflammation and fibrosis, contributing to metabolic disease progression. Recently, the concept has emerged that changes in macrophage metabolism affects their functional phenotype, possibly triggered by distinct environmental metabolic cues. This may be of particular importance in the setting of obesity, where both liver and adipose tissue are faced with a high metabolic burden. In the first part of this review we will discuss current knowledge regarding macrophage dynamics in both adipose tissue and liver in obesity. Then in the second part, we will highlight data linking macrophage metabolism to functional phenotype with an emphasis on macrophage activation in metabolic disease. The importance of understanding how tissue niche influences macrophage function in obesity will be highlighted. In addition, we will identify important knowledge gaps and outstanding questions that are relevant for future research in this area and will facilitate the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Daemen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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16
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Zhang S, Wong YT, Tang KY, Kwan HY, Su T. Chinese Medicinal Herbs Targeting the Gut-Liver Axis and Adipose Tissue-Liver Axis for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatments: The Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572729. [PMID: 33101207 PMCID: PMC7556113 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex. Frontline western medicines only ameliorate the symptoms of NAFLD. On the contrary, the uniqueness of Chinese medicine in its interpretation of NAFLD and the holistic therapeutic approach lead to a promising therapeutic efficacy. Recent studies reveal that the gut-liver axis and adipose tissue-liver axis play important roles in the development of NAFLD. Interestingly, with advanced technology, many herbal formulae are found to target the gut-liver axis and adipose tissue-liver axis and resolve the inflammation in NAFLD. This is the first review summarizes the current findings on the Chinese herbal formulae that target the two axes in NAFLD treatment. This review not only demonstrates how the ancient wisdom of Chinese medicine is being interpreted by modern pharmacological studies, but also provides valuable information for the further development of the herbal-based treatment for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yui-Tung Wong
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Yu Tang
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu-Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Hiu-Yee Kwan, ; Tao Su,
| | - Tao Su
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hiu-Yee Kwan, ; Tao Su,
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17
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Franchitto A, Carpino G, Alisi A, De Peppo F, Overi D, De Stefanis C, Romito I, De Vito R, Caccamo R, Sonia B, Alessandra S, Mosca A, Alterio A, Onori P, Gaudio E, Nobili V. The Contribution of the Adipose Tissue-Liver Axis in Pediatric Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. J Pediatr 2020; 216:117-127.e2. [PMID: 31526528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the histopathologic modifications in liver and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and to correlate these changes with clinical measures, adipokine production, and proinflammatory cytokines in a population of adolescents with obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). STUDY DESIGN Twenty adolescents with obesity who underwent LSG and with biopsy-proven NAFLD were included. Patients underwent clinical evaluation and blood tests at baseline and 1 year after the surgical procedure. Liver and VAT specimens were processed for routine histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS In adolescents with obesity and NAFLD, hepatic histologic alterations were uncorrelated with VAT inflammation. LSG induced in both liver and VAT tissue histopathology amelioration and macrophage profile modification that were correlated with body mass index and improvement in insulin resistance. The adipokine profile in liver and VAT was associated with weight loss and histologic improvement after LSG. Serum proinflammatory cytokines were correlated with liver and VAT histopathology and IL-1β and IL-6 levels were independently predicted by liver necroinflammatory grade. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a unique adipose tissue/fatty liver crosstalk in pediatric patients. LSG induces a similar pattern of histologic improvement in the liver and in VAT. Besides VAT, our results strengthen the role of the liver in adipocytokine production and its contribution to systemic inflammation in pediatric patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Franchitto
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco De Peppo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano De Stefanis
- Histology-Core Facility "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital- Institute of Hospitalization and Scientific Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Romito
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Caccamo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Battaglia Sonia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Mosca
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit - Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Arianna Alterio
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit - Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Nobili
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit - Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatric - University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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18
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Zhang T, Chen J, Tang X, Luo Q, Xu D, Yu B. Interaction between adipocytes and high-density lipoprotein:new insights into the mechanism of obesity-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:223. [PMID: 31842884 PMCID: PMC6913018 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and is associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The hallmark of dyslipidemia in obesity is low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Moreover, the quality of HDL is also changed in the obese setting. However, there are still some disputes on the explanations for this phenomenon. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue, as an energy storage tissue, participates in several metabolism activities, such as hormone secretion and cholesterol efflux. It can influence overall reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C level. In obesity individuals, the changes in morphology and function of adipose tissue affect plasma HDL-C levels and HDL function, thus, adipose tissue should be the main target for the treatment of HDL metabolism in obesity. In this review, we will summarize the cross-talk between adipocytes and HDL related to cardiovascular disease and focus on the new insights of the potential mechanism underlying obesity and HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Debédat J, Amouyal C, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Clément K. Impact of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes: contribution of inflammation and gut microbiome? Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:461-475. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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The role of macrophages in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:145-159. [PMID: 30482910 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its inflammatory and often progressive subtype nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are becoming the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, and a primary indication for liver transplantation. The pathophysiology of NASH is multifactorial and not yet completely understood; however, innate immunity is a major contributing factor in which liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages play a central part in disease progression. In this Review, we assess the evidence for macrophage involvement in the development of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. In this process, not only the polarization of liver macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype is important, but adipose tissue macrophages, especially in the visceral compartment, also contribute to disease severity and insulin resistance. Macrophage activation is mediated by factors such as endotoxins and translocated bacteria owing to increased intestinal permeability, factors released from damaged or lipoapoptotic hepatocytes, as well as alterations in gut microbiota and defined nutritional components, including certain free fatty acids, cholesterol and their metabolites. Reflecting the important role of macrophages in NASH, we also review studies investigating drugs that target macrophage recruitment to the liver, macrophage polarization and their inflammatory effects as potential treatment options for patients with NASH.
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21
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Wu Z, Xu J, Tan J, Song Y, Liu L, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Li X, Chi Y, Liu Y. Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocytes promote local and hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3375-3385. [PMID: 30772951 PMCID: PMC6484337 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation is associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and immune cells play pivotal roles in the inflammation of adipose tissue. Here, we investigated the roles of MAT B lymphocytes in NAFLD. Mice fed with high‐fat diet (HFD) and normal diet (ND) were killed in time gradients (4, 8 and 12 weeks). Compared with ND‐fed mice, intra‐hepatic CD45+CD19+ B lymphocytes increased after 4 weeks (P < 0.01) of HFD feeding, and lasted until the 12th week, infiltrated earlier than CD45+CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD45+F4/80+ macrophages. The mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 decreased in MAT of Bnull HFD‐fed mice compared to that in wild‐type HFD‐fed mice, along with lesser macrophages. Mesenteric adipose tissue B cells from HFD‐fed mice promoted macrophage differentiation to type‐Ι macrophages and expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Macrophages pre‐treated with MAT B cells from HFD‐fed mice showed elevated mRNA expression of IL‐6 and TNF‐α and declined IL‐10 levels in adipocytes compared to ND MAT B cell pre‐treated macrophages. Besides, internal near‐infrared scanning and external transwell assay showed that HFD MAT B cells migrated to the liver more than ND MAT B cells. High‐fat diet MAT B cells induced higher MCP‐1 and lower IL‐10 expression in primary hepatocytes compared to ND MAT B cells in co‐culture experiment. These data indicate that B lymphocytes infiltrate early in MAT during the development of NAFLD, which may not only promote MAT inflammation by regulating macrophages but also migrate to the liver and induce hepatocytes inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Tan
- Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Gerontology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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22
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Stafeev I, Podkuychenko N, Michurina S, Sklyanik I, Panevina A, Shestakova E, Yah'yaev K, Fedenko V, Ratner E, Vorotnikov A, Menshikov M, Yashkov Y, Parfyonova Y, Shestakova M. Low proliferative potential of adipose-derived stromal cells associates with hypertrophy and inflammation in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:148-159. [PMID: 30482492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among the most important morbidity factors. In this study we tested the hypothesis that low proliferative potential of adipose derived stromal cells (ADSC) associates with reduced formation of new fat depots, excess accumulation of fat in the functional adipocytes and their hypertrophy, resulting in fat inflammation and insulin resistance. METHODS We screened two groups of obese patients with or without T2DM, matched for BMI, age, and duration of obesity to test the hypothesis that hypertrophy and decreased renewal of adipocytes may underlie transition from obesity to T2DM. All patients were matched for carbohydrate metabolism (fasting blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR index and M-index). The subcutaneous and omental fat tissue biopsies were obtained during bariatric surgery from obese individuals with or without T2DM. The morphology and immunophenotype of subcutaneous and omental fat was assessed in frozen tissue sections. ADSC were isolated from both types of fat tissue biopsies and screened for morphology, proliferative potential and inflammatory status. RESULTS The non-diabetic patients had normal carbohydrate metabolism and moderate insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR and hyperinsulinemic clamp (M-index), while T2DM patients were extremely insulin resistant by both indexes. The average size of diabetic adipocytes was higher than that of non-diabetic in both subcutaneous and omental fat tissues, indicating adipocyte hypertrophy in T2DM. Both these tissues contained higher level of macrophage infiltration and increased M1-like to M2-like ratio of macrophage subpopulations, suggesting increased fat inflammation in T2DM. This was confirmed by increased activatory phosphorylation of stress-induced JNK1/2 in diabetic ADSC. CONCLUSION These results suggest that blunted proliferation and increased hypertrophy of diabetic ADSC may lead to reduced insulin sensitivity via increased inflammation mediated by M1 macrophages and JNK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stafeev
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N Podkuychenko
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Michurina
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I Sklyanik
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Panevina
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - K Yah'yaev
- Central Clinical Hospital #1 of LLC Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Fedenko
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Ratner
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Vorotnikov
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Menshikov
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Yashkov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Centre for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ye Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Wu Z, Tan J, Chi Y, Zhang F, Xu J, Song Y, Cong X, Wu N, Liu Y. Mesenteric adipose tissue contributes to intestinal barrier integrity and protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G659-G670. [PMID: 29902065 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00079.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the role of mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT), part of the VAT, in NAFLD is unclear. In the present study, we monitored the liver and four depots of the VAT in high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding mice at multiple time points (4, 8, and 12 wk). The MAT had become inflamed by the eighth week of HFD feeding, earlier than other depots of VAT. Furthermore, MAT removal after 8 wk of HFD resulted in more severe steatosis and more foci of inflammation infiltration, as well as higher NAFLD activity scores. Consistent with these findings, the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid anabolism genes was increased in the livers of inflamed MAT-removal mice. MAT removal also injured the intestinal barrier and promoted intestinal inflammation. The bacterial load translocated to the liver and circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide were also evaluated in inflamed MAT-removal mice. In a coculture experiment involving adipocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and occludin in CT-26 cells was upregulated and permeability of monolayer Caco-2 cells was elevated under stimulation from adipocytes or inflamed adipocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrated that MAT removal damaged the intestinal barrier and aggravated NAFLD and that MAT inflammation may be a compensatory response to protect the liver by maintaining the intestinal barrier. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) lies between the gut and liver and plays a critical role in hepatic metabolic diseases. In the present study, we found that the MAT was prone to inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Removal of the inflamed MAT resulted in more hepatic inflammation, lipid accumulation, and decreased glucose tolerance. Furthermore, we showed that the MAT contributed to intestinal barrier integrity, thus clarifying why MAT removal aggravated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Chi
- Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Cong
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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24
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Effect of Body Mass Index, Metabolic Health and Adipose Tissue Inflammation on the Severity of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Bariatric Surgical Patients: a Prospective Study. Obes Surg 2018; 29:99-108. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Bijnen M, Josefs T, Cuijpers I, Maalsen CJ, van de Gaar J, Vroomen M, Wijnands E, Rensen SS, Greve JWM, Hofker MH, Biessen EAL, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG, Wouters K. Adipose tissue macrophages induce hepatic neutrophil recruitment and macrophage accumulation in mice. Gut 2018; 67:1317-1327. [PMID: 29074725 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This risk has been attributed to visceral adipose tissue (vAT) expansion associated with increased proinflammatory mediators. Accumulation of CD11c+ proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) is an important driver of vAT inflammation. We investigated the role of ATMs in hepatic inflammation during NASH development. DESIGN vAT isolated from lean, obese or ATM-depleted (using clodronate liposomes) obese mice was transplanted to lean ldlr-/- acceptor mice. Systemic and hepatic inflammation was assessed either after 2 weeks on standard chow or after 8 weeks on high cholesterol diet (HCD) to induce NASH. RESULTS Transplanting donor vAT from obese mice increased HCD-induced hepatic macrophage content compared with lean-transplanted mice, worsening liver damage. ATM depletion prior to vAT transplantation reduced this increased hepatic macrophage accumulation. On chow, vAT transplantation induced a more pronounced increase in circulating and hepatic neutrophil numbers in obese-transplanted than lean-transplanted mice, while ATM depletion prior to vAT transplantation reversed this effect. Microarray analysis of fluorescence-activated cell sorting of CD11c+ and CD11c- macrophages isolated from donor adipose tissue showed that obesity resulted in enhanced expression of neutrophil chemotaxis genes specifically in CD11c+ ATMs. Involvement of the neutrophil chemotaxis proteins, CXCL14 and CXCL16, was confirmed by culturing vAT. In humans, CD11c expression in vAT of obese individuals correlated with vAT expression of neutrophil chemotactic genes and with hepatic expression of neutrophil and macrophage marker genes. CONCLUSION ATMs from obese vAT induce hepatic macrophage accumulation during NASH development, possibly by enhancing neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Bijnen
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Josefs
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ilona Cuijpers
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Constantijn J Maalsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - José van de Gaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Vroomen
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Wijnands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Department of General Surgery, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem M Greve
- Department of General Surgery, Atrium Medical Centre Parkstad, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten H Hofker
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, MUMC, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Obesity can be defined as the adaptive response of organism facing chronic nutrient overflow. In this context, the adipose tissue (AT) can expand, through increased adipocyte size and number, to function as the main energy-storing organ. However, over the course of obesity progression, the AT undergo continual remodeling, evolving into pathological alterations. It is now clear that pro-inflammatory cell accumulation favors local AT injury. More recently, we and others described excess levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrosis in AT depots from obese individuals. In obese mice, targeting ECM-remodeling improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therefore AT fibrosis represents a maladaptive mechanism contributing to obesity-related metabolic complications such as diabetes, cardiometabolic and liver diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge about obesity-induced adipose tissue remodeling and its local and systemic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- Inserm, UMRS 1166 équipe 6 NutriOmique, Sorbonne Université, institut de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Inserm, UMRS 1166 équipe 6 NutriOmique, Sorbonne Université, institut de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France - Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, service de Nutrition, 91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
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Liu L, Feng J, Zhang G, Yuan X, Li F, Yang T, Hao S, Huang D, Hsue C, Lou Q. Visceral adipose tissue is more strongly associated with insulin resistance than subcutaneous adipose tissue in Chinese subjects with pre-diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34:123-129. [PMID: 28776439 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1364226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the value of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in a cohort of a community's residents who were diagnosed as pre-diabetes, and to evaluate the association of VAT and SAT with insulin resistance. METHODS This study was based on cross-sectional analysis of data from 107 adults. VAT and SAT were assessed by computed tomography. Insulin resistance was defined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance >2.69. The relationship of VAT and SAT with insulin resistance were examined by linear regression. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of VAT and SAT with insulin resistance. RESULTS A total of 87 subjects had VAT ≥100 cm2. Thirty-six out of 107 (33.6%) subjects were detected to have insulin resistance, 71 were normal (66.4%), and all had insulin resistance with VAT ≥100 cm2. VAT (r = 0.378, p < .001) and SAT (r = 0.357, p < .001) were significantly and positively correlated with insulin resistance. In multiple regression analysis when VAT and SAT were simultaneously included after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, and WC, the association between VAT and insulin resistance was still maintained (p = .003), but that of SAT was lost. CONCLUSION Pre-diabetic subjects with insulin resistance had elevated levels of VAT. VAT was more strongly associated with insulin resistance than SAT in Chinese subjects with pre-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- a Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Jitao Feng
- a Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Gong Zhang
- b Seven OAKS General Hospital , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Xiaodan Yuan
- a Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Fan Li
- a Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Tingting Yang
- c Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Shujie Hao
- c Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Dejian Huang
- a Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , PR China
| | - Cunyi Hsue
- d University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , MA , USA
| | - Qinging Lou
- a Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , PR China
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29
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Vatarescu M, Bechor S, Haim Y, Pecht T, Tarnovscki T, Slutsky N, Nov O, Shapiro H, Shemesh A, Porgador A, Bashan N, Rudich A. Adipose tissue supports normalization of macrophage and liver lipid handling in obesity reversal. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:293-305. [PMID: 28360082 PMCID: PMC5457504 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction are considered central in the pathogenesis of obesity-related dysmetabolism, but their role in the rapid metabolic recovery upon obesity reversal is less well defined. We hypothesized that changes in adipose tissue endocrine and paracrine mechanisms may support the rapid improvement of obesity-induced impairment in cellular lipid handling. C57Bl-6J mice were fed ad libitum either normal chow (NC) or high-fat diet (HFF) for 10 weeks. A dietary obesity reversal group was fed HFF for 8 weeks and then switched to NC for 2 weeks (HFF→NC). Whole-body glucose homeostasis rapidly nearly normalized in the HFF→NC mice (fasting glucose and insulin fully normalized, glucose and insulin tolerance tests reversed 82% to the NC group levels). During 2 weeks of the dietary reversal, the liver was significantly cleared from ectopic fat, and functionally, glucose production from pyruvate, alanine or fructose was normalized. In contrast, adipose tissue inflammation (macrophage infiltration and polarization) largely remained as in HFF, though obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophage lipid accumulation decreased by ~50%, and adipose tissue MAP kinase hyperactivation was reversed. Ex vivo, mild changes in adipose tissue adipocytokine secretion profile were noted. These corresponded to partial or full reversal of the excess cellular lipid droplet accumulation induced by HFF adipose tissue conditioned media in hepatoma or macrophage cells, respectively. We propose that early after initiating reversal of nutritional obesity, rapid metabolic normalization largely precedes resolution of adipose tissue inflammation. Nevertheless, we demonstrate a hitherto unrecognized contribution of adipose tissue to the rapid improvement in lipid handling by the liver and by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Vatarescu
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN)Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sapir Bechor
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN)Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN)Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Pecht
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN)Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tanya Tarnovscki
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noa Slutsky
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ori Nov
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hagit Shapiro
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avishai Shemesh
- The Shraga Segal Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nava Bashan
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Assaf Rudich
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyFaculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN)Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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30
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Feng J, Li L, Ou Z, Li Q, Gong B, Zhao Z, Qi W, Zhou T, Zhong J, Cai W, Yang X, Zhao A, Gao G, Yang Z. IL-25 stimulates M2 macrophage polarization and thereby promotes mitochondrial respiratory capacity and lipolysis in adipose tissues against obesity. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:493-505. [PMID: 28194019 PMCID: PMC6068125 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic diseases are characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state with the infiltration of many inflammatory cells, especially macrophages. Immune molecules, including some cytokines, have a close relationship with metabolism. Interleukin (IL)-25 is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family that can regulate macrophages and alleviate some metabolic dysfunction; however, its role and mechanisms in lipid metabolism remain to be extensively clarified. Human serum and liver biopsy specimens, high-fat diet-induced obesity mice and DB/DB (Lepr−/−) animal models were used to examine IL-25 expression in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). To observe the role of IL-25 in lipid metabolism, model mice were administered with IL-25 or adoptively transferred with IL-25-educated macrophages in vivo, whereas bone marrow-derived macrophages, the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and adipocytes differentiated from 3T3-L1 were used in vitro. IL-25 was decreased in NAFLD patients and obese mice. In addition, IL-25 reduced body weight gain and lipid accumulation, enhanced lipid uptake by macrophages and increased the expression of lipolysis and β-oxidation enzymes via alternatively activating macrophages. IL-25 also promoted lipolysis and suppressed lipogenesis in adipocytes co-cultured with the IL-25-educated macrophages. Furthermore, IL-25 improved the mitochondrial respiratory capacity and oxygen consumption rate of macrophages and produced more NAD+/NADH and ATP. In conclusion, IL-25 can stimulate M2 macrophage polarization and thereby promote lipolysis and mitochondrial respiratory capacity, highlighting the potential for IL-25 to be used as a therapeutic agent against obesity and associated metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lingyi Li
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiying Ou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Baoyong Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, 510063, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxian Zhao
- Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weibin Cai
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, SUN Yat-sen University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Aiping Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 21201, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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31
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Sheldon RD, Kanosky KM, Wells KD, Miles L, Perfield JW, Xanthakos S, Inge TH, Rector RS. Transcriptomic differences in intra-abdominal adipose tissue in extremely obese adolescents with different stages of NAFLD. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:897-911. [PMID: 27764764 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00020.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms responsible for progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to steatohepatitis (NASH) remain poorly defined. To examine the potential contribution of adipose tissue to NAFLD progression, we performed a complete transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) on intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAT) from severely obese adolescents [Mage 16.9 ± 0.4 yr, body mass index (BMI) z-score 2.7 ± 0.1] undergoing bariatric surgery and liver biopsy categorized into three groups: no steatosis (normal, n = 8), steatosis only (n = 13), or NASH (n = 10) by liver histology. Age, body weight, and BMI did not differ among groups, but subjects with NASH were more insulin resistant (increased homeostatic model assessment/insulin resistance, P < 0.05 vs. other groups). RNA-Seq revealed 175 up- and 492 downregulated mRNA transcripts (≥±1.5-fold, false discovery rate <0.10) in IAT between NASH vs. Normal, with "mitochondrial dysfunction, P = 4.19E-7" being the top regulated canonical pathway identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis; only 19 mRNA transcripts were up- and 148 downregulated when comparing Steatosis vs. Normal, with suppression of "EIF2 signaling, P = 1.79E-27" being the top regulated pathway indicating increased cellular stress. A comparison of IAT between NASH vs. Steatosis found 515 up- and 175 downregulated genes, with "antigen presentation, P = 6.03E-18" being the top regulated canonical pathway and "inflammatory response" the top diseases and disorders function. Unique transcriptomic differences exist in IAT from severely obese adolescents with distinct stages of NAFLD, providing an important resource for identifying potential novel therapeutic targets for childhood NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Sheldon
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kayla M Kanosky
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lili Miles
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James W Perfield
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Food Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and
| | | | - Thomas H Inge
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; .,Department of Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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32
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Intervention with a caspase-1 inhibitor reduces obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in LDLR-/-.Leiden mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1416-23. [PMID: 27121255 PMCID: PMC5022108 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious liver condition, closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Recent studies have suggested an important role for inflammasome/caspase-1 in the development of NASH, but the potential therapeutic value of caspase-1 inhibition remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of caspase-1 inhibition in the ongoing disease process, to mimic the clinical setting. Subjects/Methods: To investigate effects of caspase-1 inhibition under therapeutic conditions, male LDLR−/−.Leiden mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks to induce a pre-diabetic state before start of treatment. Mice were then continued on HFD for another 12 weeks, without (HFD) or with (HFD-YVAD) treatment with the caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk (40 mg kg−1 per day). Results: Nine weeks of HFD feeding resulted in an obese phenotype, with obesity-associated hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Treatment with Ac-YVAD-cmk did not affect further body weight gain or dyslipidemia, but did attenuate further progression of insulin resistance. Histopathological analysis of livers clearly demonstrated prevention of NASH development in HFD-YVAD mice: livers were less steatotic and neutrophil infiltration was strongly reduced. In addition, caspase-1 inhibition had a profound effect on hepatic fibrosis, as assessed by histological quantification of collagen staining and gene expression analysis of fibrosis-associated genes Col1a1, Acta2 and Tnfa. Conclusions: Intervention with a caspase-1 inhibitor attenuated the development of NASH, liver fibrosis and insulin resistance. Our data support the importance of inflammasome/caspase-1 in the development of NASH and demonstrate that therapeutic intervention in the already ongoing disease process is feasible.
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33
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Luukkonen PK, Zhou Y, Sädevirta S, Leivonen M, Arola J, Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T, Yki-Järvinen H. Hepatic ceramides dissociate steatosis and insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1167-1175. [PMID: 26780287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent data in mice have identified de novo ceramide synthesis as the key mediator of hepatic insulin resistance (IR) that in humans characterizes increases in liver fat due to IR ('Metabolic NAFLD' but not that due to the I148M gene variant in PNPLA3 ('PNPLA3 NAFLD'). We determined which bioactive lipids co-segregate with IR in the human liver. METHODS Liver lipidome was profiled in liver biopsies from 125 subjects that were divided into equally sized groups based on median HOMA-IR ('High and Low HOMA-IR', n=62 and n=63) or PNPLA3 genotype (PNPLA3(148MM/MI), n=61 vs. PNPLA3(148II), n=64). The subjects were also divided into 4 groups who had either IR, the I148M gene variant, both of the risk factors or neither. RESULTS Steatosis and NASH prevalence were similarly increased in 'High HOMA-IR' and PNPLA3(148MM/MI) groups compared to their respective control groups. The 'High HOMA-IR' but not the PNPLA3(148MM/MI) group had features of IR. The liver in 'High HOMA-IR' vs. 'Low HOMA-IR' was markedly enriched in saturated and monounsaturated triacylglycerols and free fatty acids, dihydroceramides (markers of de novo ceramide synthesis) and ceramides. Markers of other ceramide synthetic pathways were unchanged. In PNPLA3(148MM/MI)vs. PNPLA3(148II), the increase in liver fat was due to polyunsaturated triacylglycerols while other lipids were unchanged. Similar changes were observed when data were analyzed using the 4 subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Similar increases in liver fat and NASH are associated with a metabolically harmful saturated, ceramide-enriched liver lipidome in 'Metabolic NAFLD' but not in 'PNPLA3 NAFLD'. This difference may explain why metabolic but not PNPLA3 NAFLD increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panu K Luukkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanja Sädevirta
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Leivonen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Mulder P, Morrison MC, Wielinga PY, van Duyvenvoorde W, Kooistra T, Kleemann R. Surgical removal of inflamed epididymal white adipose tissue attenuates the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:675-84. [PMID: 26499443 PMCID: PMC4827008 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with abdominal obesity. Growing evidence suggests that inflammation in specific depots of white adipose tissue (WAT) has a key role in NAFLD progression, but experimental evidence for a causal role of WAT is lacking. Methods: A time-course study in C57BL/6J mice was performed to establish which WAT depot is most susceptible to develop inflammation during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Crown-like structures (CLS) were quantified in epididymal (eWAT), mesenteric (mWAT) and inguinal/subcutaneous (iWAT) WAT. The contribution of inflamed WAT to NAFLD progression was investigated by surgical removal of a selected WAT depot and compared with sham surgery. Plasma markers were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cytokines/adipokines) and lipidomics (lipids). Results: In eWAT, CLS were formed already after 12 weeks of HFD, which coincided with maximal adipocyte size and fat depot mass, and preceded establishment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). By contrast, the number of CLS were low in mWAT and iWAT. Removal of inflamed eWAT after 12 weeks (eWATx group), followed by another 12 weeks of HFD feeding, resulted in significantly reduced NASH in eWATx. Inflammatory cell aggregates (−40% P<0.05) and inflammatory genes (e.g., TNFα, −37% P<0.05) were attenuated in livers of eWATx mice, whereas steatosis was not affected. Concomitantly, plasma concentrations of circulating proinflammatory mediators, viz. leptin and specific saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, were also reduced in the eWATx group. Conclusions: Intervention in NAFLD progression by removal of inflamed eWAT attenuates the development of NASH and reduces plasma levels of specific inflammatory mediators (cytokines and lipids). These data support the hypothesis that eWAT is causally involved in the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mulder
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Y Wielinga
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Kooistra
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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35
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Börgeson E, Johnson AMF, Lee YS, Till A, Syed GH, Ali-Shah ST, Guiry PJ, Dalli J, Colas RA, Serhan CN, Sharma K, Godson C. Lipoxin A4 Attenuates Obesity-Induced Adipose Inflammation and Associated Liver and Kidney Disease. Cell Metab 2015; 22:125-37. [PMID: 26052006 PMCID: PMC4584026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in obesity-related pathologies is well established. We investigated the therapeutic potential of LipoxinA4 (LXA4:5(S),6(R),15(S)-trihydroxy-7E,9E,11Z,13E,-eicosatetraenoic acid) and a synthetic 15(R)-Benzo-LXA4-analog as interventions in a 3-month high-fat diet (HFD; 60% fat)-induced obesity model. Obesity caused distinct pathologies, including impaired glucose tolerance, adipose inflammation, fatty liver, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lipoxins (LXs) attenuated obesity-induced CKD, reducing glomerular expansion, mesangial matrix, and urinary H2O2. Furthermore, LXA4 reduced liver weight, serum alanine-aminotransferase, and hepatic triglycerides. LXA4 decreased obesity-induced adipose inflammation, attenuating TNF-α and CD11c(+) M1-macrophages (MΦs), while restoring CD206(+) M2-MΦs and increasing Annexin-A1. LXs did not affect renal or hepatic MΦs, suggesting protection occurred via attenuation of adipose inflammation. LXs restored adipose expression of autophagy markers LC3-II and p62. LX-mediated protection was demonstrable in adiponectin(-/-) mice, suggesting that the mechanism was adiponectin independent. In conclusion, LXs protect against obesity-induced systemic disease, and these data support a novel therapeutic paradigm for treating obesity and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Börgeson
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Institute for Metabolomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affair, San Diego Healthcare System, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Andrew M F Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andreas Till
- Division of Biological Sciences and San Diego Center for Systems Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE&BRAIN, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gulam Hussain Syed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Syed Tasadaque Ali-Shah
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD Conway Institute, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD Conway Institute, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Romain A Colas
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Institute for Metabolomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affair, San Diego Healthcare System, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Van Gassen N, Staels W, Van Overmeire E, De Groef S, Sojoodi M, Heremans Y, Leuckx G, Van de Casteele M, Van Ginderachter JA, Heimberg H, De Leu N. Concise Review: Macrophages: Versatile Gatekeepers During Pancreatic β-Cell Development, Injury, and Regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:555-63. [PMID: 25848123 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Macrophages are classically considered detrimental for pancreatic β-cell survival and function, thereby contributing to β-cell failure in both type 1 (T1D) and 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus. In addition, adipose tissue macrophages negatively influence peripheral insulin signaling and promote obesity-induced insulin resistance in T2D. In contrast, recent data unexpectedly uncovered that macrophages are not only able to protect β cells during pancreatitis but also to orchestrate β-cell proliferation and regeneration after β-cell injury. Moreover, by altering their activation state, macrophages are able to improve insulin resistance in murine models of T2D. This review will elaborate on current insights in macrophage heterogeneity and on the evolving role of pancreas macrophages during organogenesis, tissue injury, and repair. Additional identification of macrophage subtypes and of their secreted factors might ultimately translate into novel therapeutic strategies for both T1D and T2D. SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes mellitus is a pandemic disease, characterized by severe acute and chronic complications. Macrophages have long been considered prime suspects in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. In this concise review, current insights in macrophage heterogeneity and on the, as yet, underappreciated role of alternatively activated macrophages in insulin sensing and β-cell development/repair are reported. Further identification of macrophage subtypes and of their secreted factors might ultimately translate into novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Van Gassen
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem Staels
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Van Overmeire
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Groef
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gunter Leuckx
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark Van de Casteele
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Diabetes Research Center and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Anjani K, Lhomme M, Sokolovska N, Poitou C, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Bouillot JL, Lesnik P, Bedossa P, Kontush A, Clement K, Dugail I, Tordjman J. Circulating phospholipid profiling identifies portal contribution to NASH signature in obesity. J Hepatol 2015; 62:905-12. [PMID: 25450212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning with fibrosis in severe cases, and high prevalence in obesity. We aimed at defining NASH signature in morbid obesity by mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analysis. METHODS We analyzed systemic blood before and 12 months after bariatric surgery, along with portal blood and adipose tissue lipid efflux collected from obese women at the time of surgery (9 structural classes, 150 species). RESULTS Increased concentrations of several glycerophosphocholines (PC), glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE), glycerophosphoinositols (PI), glycerophosphoglycerols (PG), lyso-glycerophosphocholines (LPC), and ceramides (Cer) were detected in systemic circulation of NASH subjects. Post-surgery weight loss (12 months) improved the levels of liver enzymes, as well as several lipids, but most PG and Cer species remained elevated. Analysis of lipids from hepatic portal system at the time of surgery revealed limited lipid alterations compared to systemic circulation, but PG and PE classes were found significantly increased in NASH subjects. We evaluated the contribution of visceral adipose tissue to lipid alterations in portal circulation by measuring adipose tissue lipid efflux ex vivo, and observed only minor alterations in NASH subjects. Interestingly, integration of clinical and lipidomic data (portal and systemic) led us to define a NASH signature in which lipids and clinical parameters are equal contributors. CONCLUSIONS Circulatory (portal and systemic) phospholipid profiling and clinical data defines NASH signature in morbid obesity. We report weak contribution of visceral adipose tissue to NASH-related portal lipid alterations, suggesting possible contribution from other organs draining into hepatic portal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Anjani
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nataliya Sokolovska
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bouillot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Ambroise Pare Hospital, Surgery Department, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Dyslipidemia, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Dyslipidemia. Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Team, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Beaujon Hospital, Pathology Department, Clichy, France; Centre de Recherche Bichat-Beaujon, INSERM U773, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Dyslipidemia, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Dyslipidemia. Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Team, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Karine Clement
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Joan Tordjman
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Sørensen LP, Parkner T, Søndergaard E, Bibby BM, Møller HJ, Nielsen S. Visceral obesity is associated with increased soluble CD163 concentration in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Connect 2015; 4:27-36. [PMID: 25624106 PMCID: PMC5402923 DOI: 10.1530/ec-14-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte/macrophage-specific soluble CD163 (sCD163) concentration is associated with insulin resistance and increases with deteriorating glycemic control independently of BMI. This led to the proposal of the hypothesis that obesity-associated white adipose tissue inflammation varies between individuals. The objective was to examine the effect of male overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on associations between adiposity parameters and sCD163. A total of 23 overweight/obese non-diabetic men, 16 overweight/obese men with T2DM, and a control group of 20 normal-weight healthy men were included. Body composition and regional body fat distribution were determined by whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry scan and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. Serum sCD163 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Associations between adiposity parameters and sCD163 were investigated using multiple linear regression analysis. In the normal-weight healthy men, there was no significant association between adiposity parameters and sCD163, whereas in the overweight/obese non-diabetic men, measures of general and regional adiposity were positively associated with sCD163. In the overweight/obese men with T2DM, only visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the ratio of VAT to abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), a measure of relative body fat distribution between VAT and SAT depots, were positively associated with sCD163. In a multivariate analysis, including VAT, upper-body SAT, and lower-body fat, adjusted for BMI and age, VAT remained a significant predictor of sCD163 in the overweight/obese T2DM men, but not in the overweight/obese non-diabetic men. Our results indicate that VAT inflammation is exaggerated in men with T2DM, and that propensity to store excess body fat viscerally is particularly detrimental in men with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Peter Sørensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryHorsens County Hospital, Horsens, DenmarkDepartment of BiostatisticsAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tina Parkner
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryHorsens County Hospital, Horsens, DenmarkDepartment of BiostatisticsAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryHorsens County Hospital, Horsens, DenmarkDepartment of BiostatisticsAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bo Martin Bibby
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryHorsens County Hospital, Horsens, DenmarkDepartment of BiostatisticsAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryHorsens County Hospital, Horsens, DenmarkDepartment of BiostatisticsAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryHorsens County Hospital, Horsens, DenmarkDepartment of BiostatisticsAarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Paepegaey AC, Genser L, Bouillot JL, Oppert JM, Clément K, Poitou C. High levels of CRP in morbid obesity: the central role of adipose tissue and lessons for clinical practice before and after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015; 11:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Wree A, Schlattjan M, Bechmann LP, Claudel T, Sowa JP, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Köfeler H, Baba HA, Gerken G, Feldstein AE, Trauner M, Canbay A. Adipocyte cell size, free fatty acids and apolipoproteins are associated with non-alcoholic liver injury progression in severely obese patients. Metabolism 2014; 63:1542-52. [PMID: 25267016 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a modern pandemic with continuous expansion and represents an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease in westernized countries. The crosstalk between adipose tissue and the liver is key to the development of NAFLD. PROCEDURES Therefore, in an observational study blood, visceral adipose tissue and liver tissue were obtained from 93 severely obese patients with a mean age of 43 years and mean BMI of 52 kg/m2 at the time of weight loss surgery. In a subset of patients a follow-up blood sample was obtained 6 weeks after surgery to assess acute effects of weight loss. In addition to routine parameters of liver injury, serum samples were analyzed for leptin, adiponectin, free fatty acids (FFAs), and several apolipoproteins. MAIN FINDINGS The diameter of visceral adipocytes correlated to liver injury, serum markers of inflammation and serum adipokine levels. Liver injury assessed by serology (ALT, AST) and histology (NAFLD activity score, NAS) was independent of the BMI. However, serum levels of triglycerides and Apolipoprotein CIII (ApoCIII) were associated with NAS. Serum levels and composition of FFAs, especially long chain FFAs, also correlated with NAS. Analysis of serum samples six weeks after surgery revealed beneficial changes in serum triglycerides, levels of ApoCIII and several FFAs. CONCLUSIONS In severely obese patients beneficial effects on liver injury can been observed as early as six weeks after bariatric surgery. These effects may be explained by the observed changes in adipose tissue and lipid metabolism. Collectively, these findings underline the importance of the link between adipose tissue and the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wree
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD), CA, 92037, USA
| | - Martin Schlattjan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Lars P Bechmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Köfeler
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD), CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Austria.
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany.
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Kraakman MJ, Murphy AJ, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Kammoun HL. Macrophage polarization in obesity and type 2 diabetes: weighing down our understanding of macrophage function? Front Immunol 2014; 5:470. [PMID: 25309549 PMCID: PMC4176397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are now recognized as chronic pro-inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, the role of the macrophage in particular has become increasingly implicated in their pathogenesis. Abundant literature now establishes that monocytes get recruited to peripheral tissues (i.e., pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue) to become resident macrophages and contribute to local inflammation, development of insulin resistance, or even pancreatic dysfunction. Furthermore, an accumulation of evidence has established an important role for macrophage polarization in the development of metabolic diseases. The general view in obesity is that there is an imbalance in the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages, with M1 “pro-inflammatory” macrophages being enhanced compared with M2 “anti-inflammatory” macrophages being down-regulated, leading to chronic inflammation and the propagation of metabolic dysfunction. However, there is emerging evidence revealing a more complex scenario with the spectrum of macrophage states exceeding well beyond the M1/M2 binary classification and confused further by human and animal models exhibiting different macrophage profiles. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings regarding macrophage polarization in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael James Kraakman
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Andrew James Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Immunology, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Diabetic Complications Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Hélène L Kammoun
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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Armstrong MJ, Hazlehurst JM, Hull D, Guo K, Borrows S, Yu J, Gough SC, Newsome PN, Tomlinson JW. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue insulin resistance and lipolysis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:651-60. [PMID: 24962805 PMCID: PMC4190688 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic insulin resistance (IR) is a primary feature in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), however, there remain limited data on tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in vivo. METHODS We examined tissue-specific (adipose, muscle and liver) insulin sensitivity and inflammation in 16 European Caucasian patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH and in 15 healthy controls. All underwent a two-step hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp incorporating stable isotope measurements of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism with concomitant subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) microdialysis. RESULTS Hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity were decreased in patients with NASH compared with controls, as demonstrated by reduced suppression of hepatic glucose production and glucose disposal (Gd) rates following insulin infusion. In addition, rates of lipolysis were higher in NASH patients with impaired insulin-mediated suppression of free fatty acid levels. At a tissue specific level, abdominal SAT in patients with NASH was severely insulin resistant, requiring >sixfold more insulin to cause ½-maximal suppression of glycerol release when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, patients with NASH had significantly higher circulating levels of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines than controls. CONCLUSION NASH patients have profound IR in the liver, muscle and in particular adipose tissues. This study represents the first in vivo description of dysfunctional SAT in patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Armstrong
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
- Correspondence to: Dr Matthew J. Armstrong, Wellcome Trust Research Fellow & Hepatology Registrar, NIHR Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, 5th Floor IBR, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK. E-mail:
| | - J M Hazlehurst
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - D Hull
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - K Guo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - S Borrows
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham, UK
| | - J Yu
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - S C Gough
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford, UK
| | - P N Newsome
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - J W Tomlinson
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
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Stupin JH, Arabin B. Overweight and Obesity before, during and after Pregnancy: Part 1: Pathophysiology, Molecular Biology and Epigenetic Consequences. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014; 74:639-645. [PMID: 25100878 PMCID: PMC4119104 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity before conception as well as excessive weight gain during pregnancy are associated with endocrinological changes of mother and fetus. Insulin resistance physiologically increases during pregnancy, additional obesity further increases insulin resistance. In combination with reduced insulin secretion this leads to gestational diabetes which may develop into type-2-diabetes. The adipose tissue produces TNF-alpha, interleukins and leptin and upregulates these adipokines. Insulin resistance and obesity induce inflammatory processes and vascular dysfunction, which explains the increased rate of pregnancy-related hypertension and pre-eclampsia in obese pregnant women. Between 14 and 28 gestational weeks, the fetal adipose tissue is generated and the number of fat lobules is determined. Thereafter, an increase in adipose tissue is arranged by an enlargement of the lobules (hypertrophy), or even an increase in the number of fat cells (hyperplasia). Human and animal studies have shown that maternal obesity "programmes" the offspring for further obesity and chronic disease. Pregnant women, midwives, physicians and health care politicians should be better informed about prevention, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the burden for society caused by obesity before, during and after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Stupin
- Clara Angela Foundation, Witten, Berlin
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - B. Arabin
- Clara Angela Foundation, Witten, Berlin
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
- Centre for Mother and Child, Phillips-Universität Marburg, Marburg
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Dalmas E, Venteclef N, Caer C, Poitou C, Cremer I, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Bayry J, Kaveri SV, Clément K, André S, Guerre-Millo M. T cell-derived IL-22 amplifies IL-1β-driven inflammation in human adipose tissue: relevance to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:1966-77. [PMID: 24520123 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are critically involved in the alteration of adipose tissue biology leading to deterioration of glucose homeostasis in obesity. Here we show a pronounced proinflammatory signature of adipose tissue macrophages in type 2 diabetic obese patients, mainly driven by increased NLRP3-dependent interleukin (IL)-1β production. IL-1β release increased with glycemic deterioration and decreased after gastric bypass surgery. A specific enrichment of IL-17- and IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells was found in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic obese patients. Coculture experiments identified the effect of macrophage-derived IL-1β to promote IL-22 and IL-17 production by human adipose tissue CD4(+) T cells. Reciprocally, adipose tissue macrophages express IL-17 and IL-22 receptors, making them sensitive to IL-17 and IL-22. IL-22 increased IL-1β release by inducing pro-IL-1β transcription through activation of C-Jun pathways in macrophages. In sum, these human data identified IL-1β and the T-cell cytokine IL-22 as key players of a paracrine inflammatory pathway previously unidentified in adipose tissue, with a pathological relevance to obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. These results provide an additional rationale for targeting IL-1β in obesity-linked type 2 diabetes and may have important implications for the conception of novel combined anti-IL-1β and anti-IL-22 immunotherapy in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dalmas
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Charles Caer
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Srinivas V Kaveri
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien André
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Guerre-Millo
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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Abdennour M, Reggio S, Le Naour G, Liu Y, Poitou C, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Charlotte F, Bouillot JL, Torcivia A, Sasso M, Miette V, Zucker JD, Bedossa P, Tordjman J, Clement K. Association of adipose tissue and liver fibrosis with tissue stiffness in morbid obesity: links with diabetes and BMI loss after gastric bypass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:898-907. [PMID: 24423338 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) develop inflammation and fibrosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioclinical relevance of WAT fibrosis in morbid obesity and diabetes and the relationships with tissue stiffness measured using a novel device. DESIGN AND SETTING Observational and longitudinal studies were conducted in a hospital nutrition department. PATIENTS Biopsies of liver and subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) and omental adipose tissue were collected from 404 obese bariatric surgery candidates, of whom 243 were clinically characterized before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. In 123 subjects, liver and scWAT stiffness was assessed noninvasively using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). INTERVENTIONS Bariatric surgery was performed for some patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Adipose tissue fibrosis and stiffness and their link to obesity phenotypes were measured. RESULTS scWAT fibrosis was positively associated with liver fibrosis (fibrosis score ≥2) (ϱ= 0.14; P = .01). VCTE-evaluated liver and scWAT stiffness was positively correlated with immunohistochemistry-determined liver (ϱ= 0.46; P = .0009) and scWAT fibrosis (ϱ= 0.48; P = .0001). VCTE-evaluated scWAT stiffness measures negatively associated with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-evaluated body fat mass (R = -0.25; P = .009) and were correlated with metabolic variables. Diabetic subjects showed increased scWAT stiffness. Participants less responsive to gastric bypass were older and more frequently diabetic, and they had increased body mass index, serum IL-6, and scWAT and liver fibrosis. Subjects with no diabetes and normal liver had higher fat mass and lower tissue fibrosis and stiffness. CONCLUSION scWAT stiffness was associated with tissue fibrosis, obesity, and diabetes-related traits. Noninvasive evaluation of scWAT stiffness might be useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Abdennour
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (M.A., S.R., Y.L., C.P., J.A.-W., J.-D.Z., J.T., K.C.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM, U872 (M.A., S.R., Y.L., C.P., J.A.-W., J.-D.Z., J.T., K.C.), Nutriomique, 75006 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 (M.A., S.R., Y.L., C.P., J.A.-W., J.-D.Z., J.T., K.C.), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 872, 75006 Paris, France; Echosens (M.A., Y.L., M.S., V.M.), Research and Development Department, 75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (G.L.N., F.C.), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Liver Center, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (J.-L.B.), Ambroise Paré Hospital, Surgery Department, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Institut de Recherche et Développement (J.-D.Z.), Unité Mixte Internationale 209, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique de Systèmes Complexes, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, IRD, 93143 Bondy, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (P.B.), Beaujon Hospital, Pathology Department, 92118 Clichy, France; Centre de Recherche Bichat-Beaujon (P.B.), INSERM, U773, University Paris-Diderot, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (A.T.), Chirurgie digestive et hépato-bilio-pancréatique, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
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Periyalil HA, Gibson PG, Wood LG. Immunometabolism in obese asthmatics: are we there yet? Nutrients 2013; 5:3506-30. [PMID: 24025484 PMCID: PMC3798918 DOI: 10.3390/nu5093506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now recognised as a worldwide epidemic. The recent International Association for the Study of Obesity/International Obesity Taskforce (IASO/IOTF) analysis estimates that approximately 1.0 billion adults are currently overweight and a further 475 million are obese. Obesity has huge psychosocial impact with obese children and adolescents facing discrimination and stigmatization in many areas of their lives leading to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem and depression. Indeed, obesity is recognised as an important risk factor for the development of several chronic diseases such as hypertension, cancer, asthma and metabolic syndrome. Chronic low grade systemic inflammation is considered as a hallmark of obesity and may possibly explain the link between obesity and chronic disease, in particular the increased incidence, prevalence and severity of asthma in obese individuals. There is now strong evidence for infiltration of immune and inflammatory cells into adipose tissue that drives systemic inflammation and subsequent end organ damage. In addition to adipocytes, the key adipose tissue resident immune cells are macrophages and mast cells. Immunometabolism, as an emerging field of investigation, explores the pivotal role of these immune cells in translating immunological changes to metabolic effects in obesity. Abundance of free fatty acids, along with other inflammatory cytokines shift the balance of metabolic homeostasis to pro-inflammatory status by influencing the development of inflammatory cell lineage, which, further exhibits distinct functional phenotypes. There is emerging evidence for macrophage activation and functional polarization of an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype towards a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype of macrophages in obese adipose tissue. Similarly, studies in both obese humans and murine models reveal the pathognomic presence of an increased number of mast cells in visceral adipose tissue. These suggest a possible contribution of mast cells to the unique metabolome of obese asthma. This review examines proposed multilevel interactions between metabolic and immune systems in obese asthmatics that underlie the negative effects of obesity and may offer significant therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim A. Periyalil
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; E-Mails: (H.A.P.); (L.G.W.)
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; E-Mails: (H.A.P.); (L.G.W.)
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, NSW 2305, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +61-2-404-201-43; Fax: +61-2-404-200-46
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; E-Mails: (H.A.P.); (L.G.W.)
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Aron-Wisnewsky J, Gaborit B, Dutour A, Clement K. Gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: new insights. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19:338-48. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Barbarroja N, Lopez-Pedrera C, Garrido-Sanchez L, Mayas MD, Oliva-Olivera W, Bernal-Lopez MR, El Bekay R, Tinahones FJ. Progression from high insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes does not entail additional visceral adipose tissue inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48155. [PMID: 23110196 PMCID: PMC3480488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation state. As a consequence, adipose tissue expresses pro-inflammatory cytokines that propagate inflammatory responses systemically elsewhere, promoting whole-body insulin resistance and consequential islet β-cell exhaustation. Thus, insulin resistance is considered the early stage of type 2 diabetes. However, there is evidence of obese individuals that never develop diabetes indicating that the mechanisms governing the association between the increase of inflammatory factors and type 2 diabetes are much more complex and deserve further investigation. We studied for the first time the differences in insulin signalling and inflammatory pathways in blood and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of 20 lean healthy donors and 40 equal morbidly obese (MO) patients classified in high insulin resistance (high IR) degree and diabetes state. We studied the changes in proinflammatory markers and lipid content from serum; macrophage infiltration, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors, activation of kinases involved in inflammation and expression of insulin signalling molecules in VAT. VAT comparison of these experimental groups revealed that type 2 diabetic-MO subjects exhibit the same pro-inflammatory profile than the high IR-MO patients, characterized by elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, JNK1/2, ERK1/2, STAT3 and NFκB. Our work rules out the assumption that the inflammation should be increased in obese people with type 2 diabetes compared to high IR obese. These findings indicate that some mechanisms, other than systemic and VAT inflammation must be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Barbarroja
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria (Fundación IMABIS), Málaga, Spain.
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Tordjman J, Divoux A, Prifti E, Poitou C, Pelloux V, Hugol D, Basdevant A, Bouillot JL, Chevallier JM, Bedossa P, Guerre-Millo M, Clement K. Structural and inflammatory heterogeneity in subcutaneous adipose tissue: relation with liver histopathology in morbid obesity. J Hepatol 2012; 56:1152-1158. [PMID: 22245892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In addition to total body fat, the regional distribution and inflammatory status of enlarged adipose tissue are strongly associated with metabolic co-morbidities of obesity. We recently showed that the severity of histological liver lesions related to obesity increases with the amount of macrophage accumulation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), while no association was found with the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). In the abdominal region, SAT is anatomically divided into two layers, i.e. superficial (sSAT) and deep (dSAT). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that these distinct compartments differentially contribute to hepatic alterations in obesity. METHODS Biopsies of the liver, sSAT, dSAT, and VAT were collected in 45 subjects with morbid obesity (age 43.7±1.6 years; BMI 48.5±1.2kg/m(2)) during bariatric surgery. Large scale gene expression analysis was performed to identify the pathways that discriminate sSAT from dSAT. Adipose tissue macrophages were quantified by immunohistochemistry using HAM56 antibody in subjects scored for liver histopathology. RESULTS An inflammatory gene pattern discriminates between sSAT and dSAT. dSAT displayed an intermediate level of macrophage accumulation between sSAT and VAT. The abundance of macrophages in dSAT, but not in sSAT, was significantly increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and/or fibroinflammatory hepatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS These data show distinct gene signature and macrophage abundance in the two compartments of SAT, with dSAT more closely related to VAT than to sSAT in terms of inflammation and relation with the severity of liver diseases in morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Tordjman
- ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France.
| | - Adeline Divoux
- INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Edi Prifti
- INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France; CRNH-Ile de France, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Veronique Pelloux
- ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Danielle Hugol
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Anatomo-pathology Department, Paris F-75004, France
| | - Arnaud Basdevant
- ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France; CRNH-Ile de France, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bouillot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Surgery Department, Paris F-75004, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chevallier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Diabetology-Edocrinology-Nutrition Department, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Beaujon Hospital, Pathology Department, Clichy F-92110, France; Centre de Recherche Bichat-Beaujon, INSERM U773, Clichy F-92110, France
| | - Michèle Guerre-Millo
- ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Karine Clement
- ICAN Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition, Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France; INSERM, U872, Nutriomique, Paris F-75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris F-75006, France; CRNH-Ile de France, Paris F-75013, France
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50
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Aron-Wisnewsky J, Minville C, Tordjman J, Lévy P, Bouillot JL, Basdevant A, Bedossa P, Clément K, Pépin JL. Chronic intermittent hypoxia is a major trigger for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in morbid obese. J Hepatol 2012; 56:225-33. [PMID: 21703181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Morbid obesity is frequently associated with low grade systemic inflammation, increased macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue (AT), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been suggested that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) resulting from OSA could be an independent factor for early stage of NAFLD in addition to other well-recognized factors (dyslipidemia or insulin resistance). Moreover, macrophage accumulation in AT is associated with local hypoxia in fat tissue. We hypothesized that the association between CIH and morbid obesity could exert additional specific deleterious effects both in the liver and adipose tissues. METHODS One hundred and one morbidly obese subjects were prospectively recruited and underwent bariatric surgery during which a liver needle biopsy as well as surgical subcutaneous and omental AT biopsies were obtained. Oxygen desaturation index (ODI) quantified the severity of nocturnal CIH. RESULTS Histopathologic analysis of liver biopsies demonstrated that NAFLD lesions (ballooning of hepatocytes, lobular inflammation), NAFLD activity score (NAS), and fibrosis were significantly more severe in patients with the highest ODI tertile (p values ≤0.001 for all hepatic lesions). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, obesity, and insulin resistance status, CIH remained independently associated with hepatic fibrosis, fibroinflammation, and NAS. By contrast, no association was found between CIH, macrophage accumulation, and adipocytes size in both subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS In morbidly obese patients, CIH was strongly associated with more severe liver injuries but did not worsen obesity induced macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, and Center of Human Nutrition (CRNH), Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris 75613, France
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