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Mantovani A, Csermely A, Bilson J, Borella N, Enrico S, Pecoraro B, Shtembari E, Morandin R, Polyzos SA, Valenti L, Tilg H, Byrne CD, Targher G. Association between primary hypothyroidism and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: an updated meta-analysis. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332491. [PMID: 38782564 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies have reported an association between primary hypothyroidism and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, the magnitude of the risk and whether this risk changes with the severity of MASLD remains uncertain. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the magnitude of the association between primary hypothyroidism and the risk of MASLD. DESIGN We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from database inception to 31 January 2024, using predefined keywords to identify observational studies in which MASLD was diagnosed by liver biopsy, imaging or International Classification of Diseases codes. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modelling. RESULTS We identified 24 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies with aggregate data on ~76.5 million individuals. Primary hypothyroidism (defined as levothyroxine replacement treatment, subclinical hypothyroidism or overt hypothyroidism) was associated with an increased risk of prevalent MASLD (n=24 studies; random-effects OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.66; I2=89%). Hypothyroidism was also associated with a substantially higher risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis or advanced fibrosis (n=5 studies; random-effects OR 2.84, 95% CI 2.07 to 3.90; I2=0%). Meta-analysis of data from four longitudinal studies showed that there was a marginally non-significant association between hypothyroidism and risk of developing MASLD over a median 4.5-year follow-up (random-effects HR 1.39, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.97; I2=85%). Sensitivity analyses did not modify these findings. The funnel plot did not reveal any significant publication bias. CONCLUSION This large and updated meta-analysis provides evidence that primary hypothyroidism is significantly associated with both an increased presence of and histological severity of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mantovani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Csermely
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Verona, Italy
| | - Josh Bilson
- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Niccolò Borella
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Verona, Italy
| | - Scoccia Enrico
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Pecoraro
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Verona, Italy
| | - Emigela Shtembari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Morandin
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Verona, Italy
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center, IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, milano, Italy
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Giovanni Targher
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella (VR), Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Verona, Italy
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Zhang C, Wang H, Li Y, Wang X, Han Y, Gao X, Lai Y, Wang C, Teng W, Shan Z. Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional survey and Mendelian randomization analysis. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03858-5. [PMID: 38782862 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic diseases are associated with thyroid disorders. Insulin resistance is the common pathological basis of metabolic diseases. We explored the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple insulin-resistance marker, and thyroid disorders. METHODS Eligible TIDE (Thyroid Diseases, Iodine Status and Diabetes Epidemiology) subjects (n = 47,710) were screened with inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thyroid disorder prevalence among different TyG index groups was stratified by sex. Logistic regression evaluated the correlation between the TyG index and thyroid disorders. Multiple linear regression evaluated the association between the TyG index and TSH. Additionally, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using published genome-wide association study data evaluated causality in the association between the TyG index and TSH. RESULTS Men and women with greater TyG indices had a significantly greater prevalence of thyroid disorders than individuals with the lowest quartile (Q1) of TyG index (p < 0.05). Following adjustment for confounding factors, we observed that a greater TyG index significantly increased the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in men and women (men: Q2: odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.22 [1.07-1.38], p = 0.002; Q3: OR [95% CI] = 1.28 [1.12-1.45], p < 0.001; Q4: OR [95% CI] = 1.29 [1.12-1.50], p = 0.001; women: Q2: OR [95% CI] = 1.25 [1.12-1.39], p < 0.001; Q3: OR [95% CI] = 1.47 [1.31-1.64], p < 0.001; Q4: OR [95% CI] = 1.61 [1.43-1.82], p < 0.001). Only among women was the highest TyG index quartile associated with hypothyroidism (OR [95% CI] = 1.70 [1.15-2.50], p = 0.007). Additionally, in men, the association exists only in the more than adequate iodine intake population. In women, the relationship between the TyG index and thyroid disorders disappears after menopause. Furthermore, the TyG index exhibited a linear positive correlation with TSH levels. The MR analysis results revealed a causal relationship between a genetically determined greater TyG index and increased TSH (inverse-variance weighting (IVW): OR [95% CI] = 1.14 [1.02-1.28], p = 0.020); however, this causal relationship disappeared after adjusting for BMI in multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis (MVMR-IVW: OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.87-1.22, p = 0.739). CONCLUSIONS A greater TyG index is associated with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism and varies by sex and menopausal status. MR analysis demonstrated that the causal relationship between a genetically determined greater TyG index and elevated TSH levels is confounded or mediated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Yongze Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Xichang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Yutong Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Yaxin Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Chuyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China.
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Peng L, Luan S, Shen X, Zhan H, Ge Y, Liang Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Wu S, Zhong X, Zhang H, Gao L, Zhao J, He Z. Thyroid hormone deprival and TSH/TSHR signaling deficiency lead to central hypothyroidism-associated intestinal dysplasia. Life Sci 2024; 345:122577. [PMID: 38521387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central hypothyroidism (CH) is characterized by low T4 levels and reduced levels or bioactivity of circulating TSH. However, there is a lack of studies on CH-related intestinal maldevelopment. In particular, the roles of TH and TSH/TSHR signaling in CH-related intestinal maldevelopment are poorly understood. Herein, we utilized Tshr-/- mice as a congenital hypothyroidism model with TH deprival and absence of TSHR signaling. METHODS The morphological characteristics of intestines were determined by HE staining, periodic acid-shiff staining, and immunohistochemical staining. T4 was administrated into the offspring of homozygous mice from the fourth postnatal day through weaning or administrated after weaning. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of markers of goblet cells and intestinal digestive enzymes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was used to explore the cell types and gene profiles of metabolic alternations in early-T4-injected Tshr-/- mice. KEY FINDINGS Tshr deletion caused significant growth retardation and intestinal maldevelopment, manifested as smaller and more slender small intestines due to reduced numbers of stem cells and differentiated epithelial cells. Thyroxin supplementation from the fourth postnatal day, but not from weaning, significantly rescued the abnormal intestinal structure and restored the decreased number of proliferating intestinal cells in crypts of Tshr-/- mice. Tshr-/- mice with early-life T4 injections had more early goblet cells and impaired metabolism compared to Tshr+/+ mice. SIGNIFICANCE TH deprival leads to major defects of CH-associated intestinal dysplasia while TSH/TSHR signaling deficiency promotes the differentiation of goblet cells and impairs nutrition metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Sisi Luan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of General Practice, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Huidong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yueping Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yixiao Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- Department of General Practice, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Li Y, Zheng M, Limbara S, Zhang S, Yu Y, Yu L, Jiao J. Effects of the Pituitary-targeted Gland Axes on Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis in Endocrine-associated Fatty Liver Disease-A Concept Worth Revisiting. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:416-427. [PMID: 38638376 PMCID: PMC11022059 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid homeostasis is not only essential for maintaining normal cellular and systemic metabolic function but is also closely related to the steatosis of the liver. The controversy over the nomenclature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the past three years has once again sparked in-depth discussions on the pathogenesis of this disease and its impact on systemic metabolism. Pituitary-targeted gland axes (PTGA), an important hormone-regulating system, are indispensable in lipid homeostasis. This review focuses on the roles of thyroid hormones, adrenal hormones, sex hormones, and their receptors in hepatic lipid homeostasis, and summarizes recent research on pituitary target gland axes-related drugs regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. It also calls on researchers and clinicians to recognize the concept of endocrine-associated fatty liver disease (EAFLD) and to re-examine human lipid metabolism from the macroscopic perspective of homeostatic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meina Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Steven Limbara
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yutao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Zhu W, Hong Y, Tong Z, He X, Li Y, Wang H, Gao X, Song P, Zhang X, Wu X, Tan Z, Huang W, Liu Z, Bao Y, Ma J, Zheng N, Xie C, Ke X, Zhou W, Jia W, Li M, Zhong J, Sheng L, Li H. Activation of hepatic adenosine A1 receptor ameliorates MASH via inhibiting SREBPs maturation. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101477. [PMID: 38508143 PMCID: PMC10983109 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the advanced stage of metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) lacking approved clinical drugs. Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily, is mainly distributed in the central nervous system and major peripheral organs with wide-ranging physiological functions; however, the exact role of hepatic A1R in MAFLD remains unclear. Here, we report that liver-specific depletion of A1R aggravates while overexpression attenuates diet-induced metabolic-associated fatty liver (MAFL)/MASH in mice. Mechanistically, activation of hepatic A1R promotes the competitive binding of sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) to sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), rather than protein kinase A (PKA) leading to SCAP degradation in lysosomes. Reduced SCAP hinders SREBP1c/2 maturation and thus suppresses de novo lipogenesis and inflammation. Higher hepatic A1R expression is observed in patients with MAFL/MASH and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, which is supposed to be a physiologically adaptive response because A1R agonists attenuate MAFL/MASH in an A1R-dependent manner. These results highlight that hepatic A1R is a potential target for MAFL/MASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weize Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhaowei Tong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pengtao Song
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xianshan Zhang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xiaochang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zhenhua Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Wenjin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiyang Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junli Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cen Xie
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xisong Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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6
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Calcaterra V, Degrassi I, Taranto S, Porro C, Bianchi A, L’assainato S, Silvestro GS, Quatrale A, Zuccotti G. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Thyroid Function in Childhood Obesity: A Vicious Circle? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:244. [PMID: 38397356 PMCID: PMC10887660 DOI: 10.3390/children11020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a multisystem disorder characterized by the presence of fatty liver degeneration associated with excess adiposity or prediabetes/type 2 diabetes or metabolic dysregulation. An intricate relationship between the liver and thyroid has been reported in both health and disease. Simultaneously, there is a strong correlation between obesity and both MAFLD and thyroid dysfunction. In this narrative review, we highlighted the relationship between MAFLD and thyroid function in children and adolescents with obesity in order to explore how thyroid hormones (THs) act as predisposing factors in the onset, progression, and sustainability of MAFLD. THs are integral to the intricate balance of metabolic activities, ensuring energy homeostasis, and are indispensable for growth and development. Regarding liver homeostasis, THs have been suggested to interact with liver lipid homeostasis through a series of processes, including stimulating the entry of free fatty acids into the liver for esterification into triglycerides and increasing mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids to impact hepatic lipid accumulation. The literature supports a correlation between MAFLD and obesity, THs and obesity, and MAFLD and THs; however, results in the pediatric population are very limited. Even though the underlying pathogenic mechanism involved in the relationship between MAFLD and thyroid function remains not fully elucidated, the role of THs as predisposing factors of MAFLD could be postulated. A potential vicious circle among these three conditions cannot be excluded. Identifying novel elements that may contribute to MAFLD could offer a practical approach to assessing children at risk of developing the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Irene Degrassi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Silvia Taranto
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Cecilia Porro
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Alice Bianchi
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Sara L’assainato
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Giustino Simone Silvestro
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Antonia Quatrale
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.B.); (S.L.); (G.S.S.); (A.Q.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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7
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Yorke E. Co-Morbid Hypothyroidism and Liver Dysfunction: A Review. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2024; 17:11795514241231533. [PMID: 38348020 PMCID: PMC10860496 DOI: 10.1177/11795514241231533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver and thyroid hormones interact at multiple levels to maintain homoeostasis. The liver requires large adequate amounts of thyroid hormones to execute its metabolic functions optimally, and deficiency of thyroid hormones may lead to liver dysfunction. Hypothyroidism has been associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypothyroidism-induced myopathy, hypothyroidism-associated gallstones and occasionally, interferon-induced thyroid dysfunction. NAFLD remain an important association with hypothyroidism and further studies are needed that specifically compare the natural course of NAFLD secondary to hypothyroidism and primary NAFLD. Hepatic dysfunction associated with hypothyroidism is usually reverted by normalizing thyroid status. Large scale studies geared towards finding new and effective therapies, especially for NAFLD are needed. The clinician must be aware that there exists overlapping symptomatology between liver dysfunction and severe hypothyroidism which may make delay the diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism; this requires a high index of suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Yorke
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
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Li Z, Wu X, Chen Z, Wei X, Chen W. Association between low-normal thyroid function and advanced liver fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease patients: a retrospective cohort study. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goad076. [PMID: 38264763 PMCID: PMC10805339 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have found that thyroid function may be associated with the occurrence and development of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the majority of such research has consisted of cross-sectional studies. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effect of low-normal thyroid function on advanced liver fibrosis in MAFLD patients over a 5-year period. Methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled 825 outpatients and inpatients with MAFLD who attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China) between January 2011 and December 2018. Based on plasma thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, these patients were divided into two groups, namely a low-normal thyroid function group and a strict-normal thyroid function group. The fibrosis-4 score was used to assess advanced liver fibrosis. A chi-square test was conducted to compare the occurrence of advanced fibrosis between the groups. Results Among the 825 MAFLD patients, 117 and 708 were defined as having low-normal thyroid function and strict-normal thyroid function, respectively. Follow-up data were available for 767 patients (93.0%) during a 5-year period. Eight (7.5%) MAFLD patients with low-normal thyroid function and 26 (3.9%) with strict-normal thyroid function developed advanced liver fibrosis and the cumulative incidence was not significantly different (P = 0.163). Stratification analysis showed that the lean MAFLD patients (body mass index ≤ 23 kg/m2) with low-normal thyroid function had a higher risk of advanced liver fibrosis than the lean MAFLD patients with strict-normal thyroid function (P < 0.05). Conclusion Low-normal thyroid function is associated with advanced liver fibrosis among lean MAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Center of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqing Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Ramanathan R, Patwa SA, Ali AH, Ibdah JA. Thyroid Hormone and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Therapeutic Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Cells 2023; 12:2806. [PMID: 38132126 PMCID: PMC10741470 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly termed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a widespread global health concern that affects around 25% of the global population. Its influence is expanding, and it is anticipated to overtake alcohol as the leading cause of liver failure and liver-related death worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no approved therapies for MASLD; as such, national and international regulatory health agencies undertook strategies and action plans designed to expedite the development of drugs for treatment of MASLD. A sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet intake are important risk factors. Western countries have a greater estimated prevalence of MASLD partly due to lifestyle habits. Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly linked to the development of MASLD. Further, it has been speculated that mitophagy, a type of mitochondrial quality control, may be impaired in MASLD. Thyroid hormone (TH) coordinates signals from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes to control mitochondrial biogenesis and function in hepatocytes. Mitochondria are known TH targets, and preclinical and clinical studies suggest that TH, thyroid receptor β (TR-β) analogs, and synthetic analogs specific to the liver could be of therapeutic benefit in treating MASLD. In this review, we highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to development of MASLD, and how understanding the role of TH in improving mitochondrial function paved the way for innovative drug development programs of TH-based therapies targeting MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Ramanathan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Sohum A. Patwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Ahmad Hassan Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jamal A. Ibdah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (R.R.); (A.H.A.)
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Su F, Koeberle A. Regulation and targeting of SREBP-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023:10.1007/s10555-023-10156-5. [PMID: 38036934 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing burden on global public health and is associated with enhanced lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, and lipid metabolic reprogramming. De novo lipogenesis is under the control of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and essentially contributes to HCC progression. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of SREBP-1 isoforms in HCC based on cellular, animal, and clinical data. Specifically, we (i) address the overarching mechanisms for regulating SREBP-1 transcription, proteolytic processing, nuclear stability, and transactivation and (ii) critically discuss their impact on HCC, taking into account (iii) insights from pharmacological approaches. Emphasis is placed on cross-talk with the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), and other kinases that directly phosphorylate SREBP-1; transcription factors, such as liver X receptor (LXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1 (PGC-1), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), and Myc; epigenetic mechanisms; post-translational modifications of SREBP-1; and SREBP-1-regulatory metabolites such as oxysterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. By carefully scrutinizing the role of SREBP-1 in HCC development, progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance, we shed light on the potential of SREBP-1-targeting strategies in HCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Su
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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11
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Zhu X, Cai J, Wang Y, Liu X, Chen X, Wang H, Wu Z, Bao W, Fan H, Wu S. A High-Fat Diet Increases the Characteristics of Gut Microbial Composition and the Intestinal Damage Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16733. [PMID: 38069055 PMCID: PMC10706137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing annually, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a causative role in the development of NAFLD. However, the role of gut microbiota in the development of NAFLD remains unclear and warrants further investigation. Thus, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and we found that the HFD significantly induced obesity and increased the accumulation of intrahepatic lipids, along with alterations in serum biochemical parameters. Moreover, it was observed that the HFD also impaired gut barrier integrity. It was revealed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing that the HFD increased gut microbial diversity, which enriched Colidextribacter, Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136-group, Acetatifactor, and Erysipelatoclostridium. Meanwhile, it reduced the abundance of Faecalibaculum, Muribaculaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae-UCG-002. The predicted metabolic pathways suggest that HFD enhances the chemotaxis and functional activity of gut microbiota pathways associated with flagellar assembly, while also increasing the risk of intestinal pathogen colonization and inflammation. And the phosphotransferase system, streptomycin biosynthesis, and starch/sucrose metabolism exhibited decreases. These findings reveal the composition and predictive functions of the intestinal microbiome in NAFLD, further corroborating the association between gut microbiota and NAFLD while providing novel insights into its potential application in gut microbiome research for NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (W.B.)
| | - Jiajia Cai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Yifu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (W.B.)
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (W.B.)
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (W.B.)
| | - Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (W.B.)
| | - Zhengchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (W.B.)
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (W.B.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Hairui Fan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (W.B.)
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (X.C.); (H.W.); (Z.W.); (W.B.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
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12
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Yuan X, Liu Y, Yang X, Huang Y, Shen X, Liang H, Zhou H, Wang Q, Zhang X, Li JZ. Long noncoding RNA lnc_217 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism by modulating lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:448-459. [PMID: 37899542 PMCID: PMC10687534 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a major health epidemic with an estimated 32.4% worldwide prevalence. No drugs have yet been approved and therapeutic nodes remain a major unmet need. Long noncoding RNAs are emerging as an important class of novel regulators influencing multiple biological processes and the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Herein, we described a novel long noncoding RNA, lnc_217, which was liver enriched and upregulated in high-fat diet-fed mice, and a genetic animal model of NAFLD. We found that liver specific knockdown of lnc_217 was resistant to high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and decreased serum lipid in mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that knockdown of lnc_217 not only decreased de novo lipogenesis by inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c cleavage but also increased fatty acid β-oxidation through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α. Taken together, we conclude that lnc_217 may be a novel regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xule Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yun Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xuan Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - John Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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13
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Yao Z, Gong Y, Chen W, Shao S, Song Y, Guo H, Li Q, Liu S, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Xu Y, Wu Y, Wan Q, Zhao X, Xuan Q, Wang D, Lin X, Xu J, Liu J, Proud CG, Wang X, Yang R, Fu L, Niu S, Kong J, Gao L, Bo T, Zhao J. Upregulation of WDR6 drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis in insulin resistance in mice. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1706-1725. [PMID: 37735236 PMCID: PMC10590755 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, insulin promotes hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). However, during insulin resistance (IR), when insulin signalling is blunted and accompanied by hyperinsulinaemia, the promotion of hepatic DNL continues unabated and hepatic steatosis increases. Here, we show that WD40 repeat-containing protein 6 (WDR6) promotes hepatic DNL during IR. Mechanistically, WDR6 interacts with the beta-type catalytic subunit of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 1 (PPP1CB) to facilitate PPP1CB dephosphorylation at Thr316, which subsequently enhances fatty acid synthases transcription through DNA-dependent protein kinase and upstream stimulatory factor 1. Using molecular dynamics simulation analysis, we find a small natural compound, XLIX, that inhibits the interaction of WDR6 with PPP1CB, thus reducing DNL in IR states. Together, these results reveal WDR6 as a promising target for the treatment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Honglin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qihang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinya Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuhui Xuan
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Shaona Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Junjie Kong
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.
| | - Tao Bo
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Prevention and Control Engineering Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China.
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14
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Wan H, Yu G, Xu S, Chen X, Jiang Y, Duan H, Lin X, Ma Q, Wang D, Liang Y, Liu L, Shen J. Central Sensitivity to Free Triiodothyronine With MAFLD and Its Progression to Liver Fibrosis in Euthyroid Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e687-e697. [PMID: 36999544 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones has been demonstrated to be positively associated with the prevalence of metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and liver fibrosis remained unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the associations of thyroid hormone sensitivity indices with MAFLD and its progression to liver fibrosis in Chinese euthyroid adults. METHODS This community-based study included 7906 euthyroid adults. We calculated the thyroid sensitivity indices, including free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio, Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index by FT4 (TFQIFT4), and Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index by FT3 (TFQIFT3), indicating peripheral and central thyroid hormone sensitivity respectively. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were diagnosed by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Multivariable logistic/linear regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were conducted. RESULTS Compared with participants in the first quartile (Q1), the prevalence of MAFLD was increased by 62% in the fourth quartile (Q4) of FT3/FT4 ratio (OR 1.62; 95% CI [1.38, 1.91]) and by 40% in Q4 of TFQIFT3 (OR 1.40; 95% CI [1.18, 1.65]) (both P < .05). No associations between TFQIFT4 and the prevalence of MAFLD were found. In addition, compared with participants in Q1, the prevalence of liver fibrosis was increased by 45% in Q4 of TFQIFT3 (OR 1.45; 95% CI [1.03, 2.06]) (P < .05) in participants with MAFLD. CONCLUSION Impaired central sensitivity to FT3 was associated with MAFLD and its progression to liver fibrosis. More prospective and mechanism studies are warranted to confirm these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Genfeng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Sirong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Hualin Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Qintao Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongqian Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan City 528308, Guangdong, China
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15
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Janota B, Szczepańska E, Adamek B, Janczewska E. Hypothyroidism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A coincidence or a causal relationship? World J Hepatol 2023; 15:641-648. [PMID: 37305371 PMCID: PMC10251274 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i5.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global problem. It may be caused by metabolic and hormonal disorders, including hypothyroidism. However, non-thyroid causes of NAFLD in people with hypothyroidism, including improper eating behavior and low physical activity, should be acknowledged. This study aimed to present the current literature on whether the development of NAFLD is related to hypothyroidism or a typical consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle in people with hypothyroidism. The results of previous studies do not allow for an unequivocal determination of the pathogenetic relationship between hypothyroidism and NAFLD. Important non-thyroid-initiating factors include providing too many calories in relation to requirements, consuming excessive amounts of monosaccharides and saturated fats, being overweight, and maintaining low physical activity levels. The recommended nutritional model for both hypothyroidism and NAFLD may be the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in fruits and vegetables, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Janota
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom 41-902, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szczepańska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze 41-808, Poland
| | - Brygida Adamek
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom 41-902, Poland
| | - Ewa Janczewska
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom 41-902, Poland
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16
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Wang WG, Li MY, Diao L, Zhang C, Tao LM, Zhou WX, Xu WP, Zhang Y. The health risk of acetochlor metabolite CMEPA is associated with lipid accumulation induced liver injury. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121857. [PMID: 37245791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury may cause many diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Acetochlor is one of the representative chloroacetamide herbicides, and its metabolite 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl phenyl) acetamide (CMEPA) is the main form of exposure in the environment. It has been shown that acetochlor can cause mitochondrial damage of HepG2 cells and induce apoptosis by activating Bcl/Bax pathway (Wang et al., 2021). But there has been less research on CMEPA. we explored the possibility of CMEPA and liver injury through biological experiments. In vivo, CMEPA (0-16 mg/L) induced liver damage in zebrafish larvae, including increased lipid droplets, changes in liver morphology (>1.3-fold) and increased TC/TG content (>2.5-fold). In vitro, we selected L02 (human normal liver cells) as the model, and explored its molecular mechanism. We found that CMEPA (0-160 mg/L) induced apoptosis (similar to 40%), mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in L02 cells. CMEPA induced intracellular lipid accumulation by inhibiting AMPK/ACC/CPT-1A signaling pathway and activating SREBP-1c/FAS signaling pathway. Our study provides evidence of a link between CMEPA and liver injury. This raises concerns regarding the health risks of pesticide metabolites to liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mu-Yao Li
- Research Center for Econophysics, School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lin Diao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Li-Ming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei-Xing Zhou
- Research Center for Econophysics, School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wen-Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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17
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Lai S, Ma Y, Hao L, Ding Q, Chang K, Zhuge H, Qiu J, Xu T, Dou X, Li S. 1-Methylnicotinamide promotes hepatic steatosis in mice: A potential mechanism in chronic alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159286. [PMID: 36690322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and its related diseases are the major risk factors for human health. Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the mechanism of ALD has been widely investigated, liver metabolites associated with long-term alcohol intake-induced hepatic steatosis have not been well explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA), a metabolite during nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism, in the pathogenesis of ALD. C57BL/6 wild-type mice were subjected to chronic alcohol feeding with or without 1-MNA (50 mg/kg/day). Our data showed that 1-MNA administration significantly enhanced chronic alcohol consumption-induced hepatic steatosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that alcohol-increased hepatic protein levels of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (SREBP-1c), a key enzyme that regulates lipid lipogenesis, were enhanced in mice administered with 1-MNA, regardless of alcohol feeding. Consistently, alcohol-increased mRNA and protein levels of hepatic diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) were also exacerbated by 1-MNA administration. Alcohol-induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was enhanced by 1-MNA administration, which was evidenced by increased protein levels of binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP), phosphorylated- protein kinase r-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) in the mouse liver. Overall, this study demonstrated that 1-MNA serves as a pathogenic factor in the development of ALD. Targeting liver 1-MNA levels may serve as a promising therapeutic approach for improving hepatic steatosis in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanglei Lai
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Liuyi Hao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qinchao Ding
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kaixin Chang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hui Zhuge
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiannan Qiu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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18
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Liu Y, Ma M, Li L, Liu F, Li Z, Yu L, Yang T, Wang Y, Gao S, Gao S, Yang R, Yu C. Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and dyslipidemia in patients with coronary heart disease. Endocrine 2023; 79:459-468. [PMID: 36434323 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormones affect lipid metabolism via central and peripheral regulation. However, there have been few studies on the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS A total of 31,678 patients with CHD were included in this large multicenter retrospective study. Central thyroid hormone sensitivity was evaluated using the thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index (PTFQI), thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), and thyrotropin thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI); peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity was assessed by the ratio of free triiodothyronine (FT3)/free thyroxine (FT4). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia. RESULTS Among 31,678 participants, 21,648 (68.34%) had dyslipidemia. In the multi-adjusted models, the risk of dyslipidemia was positively correlated with TFQI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.05), PTFQI (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06-1.12), TSHI (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.06-1.11), and TT4RI (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05-1.11). Conversely, the risk of dyslipidemia was negatively correlated with FT3/FT4 (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92-0.97). In stratified analyses, the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity and dyslipidemia was statistically significant for different sexes, glucose levels, and blood pressure states. CONCLUSION There is a significant association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and dyslipidemia, regardless of sex, glucose level, or blood pressure. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Fanfan Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Nankai Hospital: Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300199, China.
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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19
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Du T, Xiang L, Zhang J, Yang C, Zhao W, Li J, Zhou Y, Ma L. Vitamin D improves hepatic steatosis in NAFLD via regulation of fatty acid uptake and β-oxidation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1138078. [PMID: 37033263 PMCID: PMC10074590 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1138078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to explore the association of serum 25(OH)D3 and hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and to determine whether the effect of vitamin D (VD) is mediated by activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) pathway. METHODS The study contained a case-control study, in vivo and in vitro experiments. A case-control study was conducted to compare serum parameters between NAFLD patients and controls and to evaluate the association of 25(OH)D3 and NAFLD. In vivo study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and model groups, fed a standard chow diet and a high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, for 7 weeks to generate an NAFLD model. Then, the rats were treated with VD and a PPARα antagonist (MK886) for 7 weeks. Tissue and serum were collected and assessed by biochemical assays, morphological analysis, histological analysis, and western blot analysis. In vitro, HepG2 cells were incubated with oleic acid (OA) to induce steatosis, which was evaluated by staining. HepG2 cells were pretreated with MK886 followed by calcitriol treatment, and differences in lipid metabolism-related proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS NAFLD patients were characterized by impaired liver function, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Serum 25(OH)D3 was negatively associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in NAFLD. VD deficiency was a risk factor for patients with no advanced fibrosis. Adequate VD status (25(OH)D3 >20 ng/mL) had a protective effect in patients after adjustment for confounding variables. NAFLD rats showed hyperlipidemia with severe hepatic steatosis, systematic inflammation, and lower serum 25(OH)D3. VD treatment ameliorated hepatic steatosis both in NAFLD rats and OA-induced HepG2 cells. Further, MK886 inhibited the anti-steatosis effect of VD. CONCLUSION The study revealed that an adequate VD level may act as a protective factor in NAFLD and that VD may alleviate hepatic steatosis via the PPARα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwan Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lian Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhou, ; Ling Ma,
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhou, ; Ling Ma,
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20
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Li P, Liu L, Niu B, Mi Y, Liu Y, Feng J, Zhang P, Wu X, Chu W. Clinical value of thyroid related hormones combined with neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31978. [PMID: 36595785 PMCID: PMC9794251 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sufferers with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the differences of thyroid associated hormones and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in different liver pathological groups have been compared. METHODS Patients with NAFLD diagnosed by liver biopsy in our hospital from July 2012 to February 2019 were selected. All subjects were divided into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) team and non-NASH group, no/mild fibrosis group (F0-1) and significant fibrosis group (F2-4). The differences of thyroid related hormones and NLR in these groups were in contrast, respectively. For the TSH, we conducted further evaluation based on gender. RESULTS The TSH and NLR in NASH patients were significantly higher than non-NASH patients, but there was no considerable difference in free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) between the 2 groups. In the gender-based subgroup analysis, the variations of TSH between the 2 groups were nonetheless statistically significant (P < .05). The TSH and NLR in the significant fibrosis group were higher than these in the non/mild liver fibrosis group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05), but there was no large difference in FT3 and FT4 between the 2 groups (P > .05). In addition, in the gender-based subgroup analysis and further multivariable analysis, the variations of TSH between the 2 groups were still statistically significant (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were closely associated to the severity of NAFLD, suggesting that this simple available laboratory index may additionally be incorporated into the future noninvasive diagnostic scoring model to predict the incidence of NASH and the degree of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
- * Correspondence: Ping Li, Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China (e-mail: )
| | - Liang Liu
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- First Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Niu
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
- School of Graduates, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - YuQiang Mi
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - YongGang Liu
- Clinical School of the Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
- School of Graduates, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
- School of Graduates, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
- School of Graduates, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - WeiKe Chu
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
- School of Graduates, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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4-PBA Attenuates Fat Accumulation in Cultured Spotted Seabass Fed High-Fat-Diet via Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121197. [PMID: 36557235 PMCID: PMC9784988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat accumulation is a common phenomenon in cultured fish, which can cause metabolic disease such as fatty liver. However, the relative regulatory approach remains to be explored. Based on this, two feeding trials were conducted. Firstly, fish were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks and sampled at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week after feeding (Experiment I). In the first four weeks, fish fed an HFD grew faster than those fed an NFD. Conversely, the body weight and weight gain were higher in the NFD group at the 6th and 8th weeks. Under light and transmission electron microscopes, fat accumulation of the liver was accompanied by an obvious endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swell. Accordingly, the expressions of atf-6, ire-1, perk, eif-2α, atf-4, grp78, and chop showed that ER stress was activated at the 6th and 8th weeks. In Experiment II, 50 mg/kg 4-PBA (an ERs inhibitor) was supplemented to an HFD; this was named the 4-PBA group. Then, fish was fed with an NFD, an HFD, and a 4-PBA diet for eight weeks. As the result, the excessive fat deposition caused by an HFD was reversed by 4-PBA. The expression of ER stress-related proteins CHOP and GRP78 was down-regulated by 4-PBA, and the transmission electron microscope images also showed that 4-PBA alleviated ER stress induced by the feeding of an HFD. Furthermore, 4-PBA administration down-regulated SREBP-1C/ACC/FAS, the critical pathways of fat synthesis. In conclusion, the results confirmed that ER stress plays a contributor role in the fat deposition by activating the SREBP-1C/ACC/FAS pathway. 4-PBA as an ER stress inhibitor could reduce fat deposition caused by an HFD via regulating ER stress.
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Su X, Chen X, Wang B. Relationship between the development of hyperlipidemia in hypothyroidism patients. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11025-11035. [PMID: 36097119 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As shown in the previous studies, hypothyroidism (HT) is identified to be closely associated with the elevated plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and with the decreased plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). On the other hand, the thyroid hormone (TH), which has been considered as a vital hormone produced and released by the thyroid gland, are well-established to regulate the metabolism of plasma TC; whereas other evidence proposed that the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) also regulated the plasma cholesterol metabolism independently of the TH, which further promotes the progression of hyperlipidemia. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism is still not illustrated. It is worth noting that several studies has found that the progression of HT-induced hyperlipidemia might be associated with the down-regulated plasma levels of TH and the up-regulated plasma levels of TSH, revealing that HT could promote hyperlipidemia and its related cardio-metabolic disorders. Otherwise, multiple novel identified plasma proteins, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTLs), and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), have also been demonstrated to embrace a vital function in modulating the progression of hyperlipidemia induced by HT. In the present comprehensive review, the recent findings which elucidated the association of HT and the progression of hyperlipidemia were summarized. Furthermore, other results which illustrated the underlying mechanisms by which HT facilitates the progression of hyperlipidemia and its cardio-metabolic disorders are also listed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, 361000, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, 361000, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, 361000, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Huang B, Wen W, Ye S. TSH-SPP1/TRβ-TSH positive feedback loop mediates fat deposition of hepatocyte: Crosstalk between thyroid and liver. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009912. [PMID: 36300106 PMCID: PMC9589424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We conducted this study with two aims: (1) whether TRβ could be damaged by NAFLD, thereby represent thyroid hormone resistance-like manifestation and (2) to analyze the potential role of SPP1 in TH signaling pathway on the process of NAFLD. This study is expected to provide a new perspective on the therapeutic mechanism in the pathological course of NAFLD. Methods A total of 166 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in this study. All patients had a BMI above 24 kg/m2 and were stratified into two groups: NAFLD and Non-NAFLD groups. Ages, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes and biochemical markers were obtained from participants' records. We downloaded the dataset GSE48452 from GEO. The Pathview library was used to make the thyroid hormone signaling pathway visualization. The CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to calculate the infiltrated immune cells in obese NAFLD patients. C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected to constitute the normal control (NC) group and were fed a normal chow diet; the rest of the mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). After 12 weeks HFD feeding, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and blood samples were collected. Mouse livers were also collected; one part of each liver was fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis, and the other part was snap-frozen for subsequent molecular analyses. To explore the relationship between SPP1, TRβ and lipid deposition in hepatocytes, HepG2 cells were treated with 50 μ M concentration of PA and/or 20 ng/ml concentration of rh-SPP1 for 48h. In addition, the PC3.1-TRβ plasmid was constructed for further validation in HepG2 cells. We used THP-1 cells to construct an M1 macrophage model in vitro. We then analyzed THP-1 cells treated with various concentrations of PA or TSH. Results (1) After adjusting for all factors that appeared P value less than 0.1 in the univariate analysis, BMI, TSH, and FT3 were significant independent risk factors of NAFLD (ORs were 1.218, 1.694, and 2.259, respectively); (2) A further analysis with BMI stratification indiacted that both FT3 and TSH had a significant change between individuals with NAFLD and Non-NAFLD in obesity subgroup; however, there was no statistic difference in over-weight group; (3) Bioinformatics analysis of GSE48452 had shown that several key molecular (including TRβ) of thyroid hormone pathway affected by NAFLD induced transcriptomic changes and the expression levels of SPP1, FABP4 and RPS4Y1 were significantly higher, while the expression levels of PZP and VIL1 were significantly decreased in NAFLD patients(adjusted p < 0.05, |logFC| > 1.0). The CIBERSORT algorithm showed increased M0 and M1, decreased M2 macrophage infiltration in NAFLD with comparison to healthy obese group; (4) After 12 weeks of HFD-feeding, the obesity mice had significantly higher serum TSH and In IHC-stained liver sections of obesity group, the intensity of SPP1 had a significantly increased, while TRβ reduced; (5) In vitro studies have shown SPP1 aggravated lipid deposition in hepatic cells dependent on down-regulating the expression of TRβ and TSH acts to promote secretion of SPP1 in M1 macrophage cells. Conclusions SPP1 secretion induced by M1 macrophage polarization, which may down-regulates TRβ in hepatocytes via paracrine manner, on the one hand, the lipid deposition aggravating in liver, on the other hand, a compensatory increase of TSH in serum. The increased TSH can further lead to the following SPP1 secretion of M1 macrophage. The positive feedback crosstalk between thyroid and liver, may be plays an important role in maintaining and amplifying pathological process of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Jiang JL, Qian JF, Xiao DH, Liu X, Zhu F, Wang J, Xing ZX, Xu DL, Xue Y, He YH. Relationship of familial cytochrome P450 4V2 gene mutation with liver cirrhosis: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:10346-10357. [PMID: 36246827 PMCID: PMC9561572 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many genetic and metabolic diseases affect the liver, but diagnosis can be difficult because these diseases may have complex clinical manifestations and diverse clinical patterns. There is also incomplete clinical knowledge of these many different diseases and limitations of current testing methods.
CASE SUMMARY We report a 53-year-old female from a rural area in China who was hospitalized for lower limb edema, abdominal distension, cirrhosis, and hypothyroidism. We excluded the common causes of liver disease (drinking alcohol, using traditional Chinese medicines, hepatitis virus infection, autoimmunity, and hepatolenticular degeneration). When she was 23-years-old, she developed night-blindness that worsened to complete blindness, with no obvious cause. Her parents were first cousins, and both were alive. Analysis of the patient’s family history indicated that all 5 siblings had night blindness and impaired vision; one sister was completely blind; and another sister had night-blindness complicated with cirrhosis and subclinical hypothyroidism. Entire exome sequencing showed that the patient, parents, and siblings all had mutations in the cytochrome P450 4V2 gene (CYP4V2). The CYP4V2 mutations of the parents and two sisters were heterozygous, and the others were homozygous. Two siblings also had heterozygous dual oxidase activator 2 (DUOXA2) mutations.
CONCLUSION Mutations in the CYP4V2 gene may affect lipid metabolism and lead to chronic liver injury, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lian Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiang-Fu Qian
- Department of Digestion, Dafang County People’s Hospital, Bijie 551600, Guizhou Province, China
| | - De-Hui Xiao
- Department of Digestion, Dafang County People’s Hospital, Bijie 551600, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Digestion, Dafang County People’s Hospital, Bijie 551600, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhou-Xiong Xing
- Department of Intensive Care, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - De-Lin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Liver Diseases, the Third People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Huai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
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Roeb E, Canbay A, Bantel H, Bojunga J, de Laffolie J, Demir M, Denzer UW, Geier A, Hofmann WP, Hudert C, Karlas T, Krawczyk M, Longerich T, Luedde T, Roden M, Schattenberg J, Sterneck M, Tannapfel A, Lorenz P, Tacke F. Aktualisierte S2k-Leitlinie nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) – April 2022 – AWMF-Registernummer: 021–025. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:1346-1421. [PMID: 36100202 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Roeb
- Gastroenterologie, Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - A Canbay
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - H Bantel
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover, Deutschland
| | - J Bojunga
- Medizinische Klinik I Gastroent., Hepat., Pneum., Endokrin., Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - J de Laffolie
- Allgemeinpädiatrie und Neonatologie, Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - M Demir
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum und Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - U W Denzer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - A Geier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Schwerpunkt Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - W P Hofmann
- Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz - Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - C Hudert
- Klinik für Pädiatrie m. S. Gastroenterologie, Nephrologie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - T Karlas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Onkologie, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - M Krawczyk
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Gastroent., Hepat., Endokrin., Diabet., Ern.med., Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - T Longerich
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - T Luedde
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - M Roden
- Klinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - J Schattenberg
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - M Sterneck
- Klinik für Hepatobiliäre Chirurgie und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - A Tannapfel
- Institut für Pathologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - P Lorenz
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - F Tacke
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hepatologie und Gastroenterologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum und Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Deutschland
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Updated S2k Clinical Practice Guideline on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) issued by the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) - April 2022 - AWMF Registration No.: 021-025. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:e733-e801. [PMID: 36100201 DOI: 10.1055/a-1880-2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Cao X, Lu M, Xie RR, Song LN, Yang WL, Xin Z, Yang GR, Yang JK. A high TSH level is associated with diabetic macular edema: a cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-22-0122. [PMID: 35686715 PMCID: PMC9254322 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we determined the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and diabetic macular edema (DME) by assessing the prevalence and risk factors for DME in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with different thyroid dysfunctions. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study including 1003 euthyroid and 92 subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) T2DM patients. DME status was detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The association between TSH and DME and the impact of TSH on DME were analyzed. RESULTS The DME prevalence was 28.3% in the SCH patients and 14.0% in the euthyroid population. The serum FT4 (P = 0.001) and FT3 (P < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the non-DME group than in the DME group, and the TSH level (P < 0.001) was significantly lower. Four subgroups (G1-G4) were divided by TSH level, and the chi-square test indicated that even in the normal range, the TSH level was positively related to DME prevalence (P = 0.001). Subgroup data indicated that the association between TSH and DME detected by OCT (P = 0.001) was stronger than the correlation between TSH and diabetic retinopathy detected by digital retinal photographs (P = 0.027). The logistic regression model confirmed that elevated TSH was an independent risk factor for DME. The odds ratio was 1.53 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS A high TSH level was an independent risk factor for DME. More attention should be given to the TSH level in T2DM patients due to its relationship with diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cao
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ni Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Li Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J-K Yang:
| | - Zhong Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Ran Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J-K Yang:
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to J-K Yang:
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Liu T, Yu J, Ge C, Zhao F, Chen J, Miao C, Jin W, Zhou Q, Geng Q, Lin H, Tian H, Chen T, Xie H, Cui Y, Yao M, Xiao X, Li J, Li H. Sperm associated antigen 4 promotes SREBP1-mediated de novo lipogenesis via interaction with lamin A/C and contributes to tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 536:215642. [PMID: 35307486 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor and its progression is associated with altered lipid metabolism in precancerous lesions, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we identified sperm associated antigen 4 (SPAG4), and explored its oncogenic role in HCC progression. Database analysis and immunohistochemistry indicated increased level of SPAG4 in HCC tissues which was of prognostic value. Gain/loss-of-function experiments showed that SPAG4 exerted oncogenic roles in HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing revealed activation of a lipogenic state and SREBP1-mediated pathway following SPAG4 overexpression. Mechanistically, the N-terminal region of SPAG4 bound to lamin A/C, which increased SREBP1 expression, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity. Treatment with orlistat, a lipid synthesis inhibitor, reversed SPAG4-mediated oncogenic effects, and its efficacy varied with SPAG4 level. The effect of orlistat was further amplified when combined with sorafenib in tumor xenograft mouse models. Our study provides evidence that SPAG4 mediates HCC progression by affecting lipid metabolism. Administration of orlistat combined with sorafenib reverses SPAG4-mediated oncogenesis in HCC cells and ectopic xenograft tumors in mice, suggesting that this pathway represents a potential target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Junming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunxiao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Rui jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hechun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qi Dong Liver Cancer Institute, Qi Dong, 226200, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Cancer Institute of Guangxi, Nanning, 530027, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiuying Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Ren ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Bashir A, Duseja A, De A, Mehta M, Tiwari P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development: A multifactorial pathogenic phenomena. LIVER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liu H, Peng D. Update on dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism: the mechanism of dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e210002. [PMID: 35015703 PMCID: PMC8859969 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is often associated with elevated serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides. Thyroid hormone (TH) affects the production, clearance and transformation of cholesterol, but current research shows that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) also participates in lipid metabolism independently of TH. Therefore, the mechanism of hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia is associated with the decrease of TH and the increase of TSH levels. Some newly identified regulatory factors, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, angiogenin-like proteins and fibroblast growth factors are the underlying causes of dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism. HDL serum concentration changes were not consistent, and its function was reportedly impaired. The current review focuses on the updated understanding of the mechanism of hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Peng:
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Effects of dietary phosphorus level on growth, body composition, liver histology and lipid metabolism of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) reared in freshwater. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 527:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Xu S, Wang Y, Li Z, Hua Q, Jiang M, Fan X. LncRNA GAS5 Knockdown Mitigates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via Regulating MiR-26a-5p/PDE4B to Activate cAMP/CREB Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:889858. [PMID: 35957809 PMCID: PMC9361042 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.889858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be attributed to the dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism; however, its cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of long non-coding RNA growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) on hepatic lipid metabolism in fatty liver models. METHODS Obese mice, high fat diet-fed mice and free fatty acid-stimulated cells were used for GAS5 expression detection. GAS5 overexpression or knockdown models were established to elucidate the regulatory function of GAS5 in de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and mitochondrial function. Bioinformatic analyses and dual luciferase assays were used to investigate the interaction between GAS5, miR-26a-5p and phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4B. The involvement of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway was evaluated using H89 and forskolin treatment. RESULTS GAS5 was activated in vitro and in vivo fatty liver models. Knockdown of GAS5 reduced lipid droplet accumulation, DNL associated enzymes and preserved mitochondrial function, while GAS5 overexpression exacerbated hepatic lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, GAS5 sponged miR-26a-5p to increase PDE4B expression and subsequently modulated DNL and mitochondrial function via the cAMP/CREB pathway. CONCLUSION Downregulation of GAS5 can activate the cAMP/CREB pathway through miR-26a-5p/PDE4B axis to mitigate hepatic lipid accumulation. This study provides evidence that downregulation of GAS5 may be a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miao Jiang
- *Correspondence: Xiaoming Fan, ; Miao Jiang,
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Sun N, Shen C, Zhang L, Wu X, Yu Y, Yang X, Yang C, Zhong C, Gao Z, Miao W, Yang Z, Gao W, Hu L, Williams K, Liu C, Chang Y, Gao Y. Hepatic Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16) targets PPARα to improve steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. Gut 2021; 70:2183-2195. [PMID: 33257471 PMCID: PMC8515101 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired hepatic fatty acids oxidation results in lipid accumulation and redox imbalance, promoting the development of fatty liver diseases and insulin resistance. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism is poorly understood. Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16) is a transcription factor that abounds in liver. We explored whether and by what mechanisms KLF16 affects hepatic lipid catabolism to improve hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance. DESIGN KLF16 expression was determined in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and mice models. The role of KLF16 in the regulation of lipid metabolism was investigated using hepatocyte-specific KLF16-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or using an adenovirus/adeno-associated virus to alter KLF16 expression in mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs) and in vivo livers. RNA-seq, luciferase reporter gene assay and ChIP analysis served to explore the molecular mechanisms involved. RESULTS KLF16 expression was decreased in patients with NAFLD, mice models and oleic acid and palmitic acid (OA and PA) cochallenged hepatocytes. Hepatic KLF16 knockout impaired fatty acid oxidation, aggravated mitochondrial stress, ROS burden, advancing hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Conversely, KLF16 overexpression reduced lipid deposition and improved insulin resistance via directly binding the promoter of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) to accelerate fatty acids oxidation and attenuate mitochondrial stress, oxidative stress in db/db and HFD mice. PPARα deficiency diminished the KLF16-evoked protective effects against lipid deposition in MPHs. Hepatic-specific PPARα overexpression effectively rescued KLF16 deficiency-induced hepatic steatosis, altered redox balance and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS These findings prove that a direct KLF16-PPARα pathway closely links hepatic lipid homeostasis and redox balance, whose dysfunction promotes insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Sun
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangpeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Central Lab of Binzhou People’s Hospital, Central Lab of Binzhou People’s Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Sports Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Miao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehong Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kevin Williams
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Changhui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China .,Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Choi W, Park JY, Hong AR, Yoon JH, Kim HK, Kang HC. Association between triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid function in euthyroid adults: The Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2015. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254630. [PMID: 34264998 PMCID: PMC8281995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Low-normal thyroid function is associated with numerous metabolic risk factors including insulin resistance (IR). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a new surrogate marker of IR calculated by fasting triglyceride and glucose levels. Here, we investigated the association between thyroid function and TyG index in non-diabetic euthyroid adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2015 including 1482 individuals (741 men and 741 women). Serum thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels were measured. Results After adjusting for confounders, there was an inverse relationship of TyG index with fT4 in men (β = –0.094, P = 0.009) and a positive relationship of TyG index with TSH in women (β = 0.078, P = 0.018). The lowest fT4 tertile in men (P = 0.001) and the highest TSH tertile in women (P = 0.010) exhibited increased TyG index after adjusting for confounders. The lowest fT4 tertile also showed increased homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) only in men (P = 0.006). Odds ratios (ORs) for the high TyG index, which was defined as the highest TyG quartile decreased in the highest and second highest tertile of fT4 in men (OR = 0.41 and OR = 0.45, respectively; P < 0.001) and increased in highest tertile of TSH in women (OR = 1.81, P = 0.031) after adjusting for confounders. The OR for high HOMA-IR defined as the highest HOMA-IR quartile was also lower in the highest and second highest fT4 tertiles in men (both OR = 0.47; P = 0.003). Conclusions This is the first study to suggest that TyG index is a good surrogate marker of IR in evaluating its relationship with thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsuk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - A. Ram Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Jee Hee Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Kong D, Gao X, Tian Z, Wang X, Guo Q, Wang Z, Zhang Q. TSH attenuates fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes by reducing the mitochondrial distribution of miR-449a/449b-5p/5194. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111280. [PMID: 33862186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels contribute to the abnormal expression/activity of several key hepatic lipid metabolism enzymes. Although miRNAs have been shown to play key roles in hepatic lipid metabolism and are found in isolated mitochondria, very little is known about the pathological and physiological significance of their mitochondrial distributions in regulating liver lipid metabolism. Here, we found that TSH significantly reduced the distribution of some miRNAs in mitochondria of hepatocytes, especially miR-449a, miR-449b-5p, and miR-5194. These three miRNAs inhibited their target genes PGC1B, ABCD1, ADIPOR1 and the downstream molecule PPARA. These effects synergistically suppressed fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes and decreased the translocation of cytosolic very long chain fatty acids to peroxisomes, which noticeably reduced FA catabolism and promoted triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. This study reveals the functional significance of changed miRNA mitochondrial-cytoplasmic distribution in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Danxia Kong
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xueying Gao
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Qunye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Choi SY, Yi DY, Kim SC, Kang B, Choe BH, Lee Y, Lee YM, Lee EH, Jang HJ, Choi YJ, Kim HJ. Severe Phenotype of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Pediatric Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: a Retrospective Multicenter Study from Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e137. [PMID: 34032030 PMCID: PMC8144595 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to investigated the prevalence and related factors of SH in pediatric patients with NAFLD. We also evaluate the association between liver fibrosis and SH. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records for patients aged 4 to 18 years who were diagnosed with NAFLD and tested for thyroid function from January 2015 to December 2019 at 10 hospitals in Korea. RESULTS The study included 428 patients with NAFLD. The prevalence of SH in pediatric NAFLD patients was 13.6%. In multivariate logistic regression, higher levels of steatosis on ultrasound and higher aspartate aminotransferase to platelet count ratio index (APRI) score were associated with increased risk of SH. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, the optimal cutoff value of the APRI score for predicting SH was 0.6012 (area under the curve, 0.67; P < 0.001; sensitivity 72.4%, specificity 61.9%, positive predictive value 23%, and negative predictive value 93.5%). CONCLUSION SH was often observed in patients with NAFLD, more frequently in patients with more severe liver damage. Thyroid function tests should be performed on pediatric NAFLD patients, especially those with higher grades of liver steatosis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae Yong Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Chul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Ho Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Min Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - You Jin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.
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Gor R, Siddiqui NA, Wijeratne Fernando R, Sreekantan Nair A, Illango J, Malik M, Hamid P. Unraveling the Role of Hypothyroidism in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis: Correlations, Conflicts, and the Current Stand. Cureus 2021; 13:e14858. [PMID: 34104598 PMCID: PMC8174393 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases globally. Because thyroid hormones play a crucial role in lipid metabolism, thyroid dysfunction has been implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis in the past decade, with hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD being regarded as a distinct disease entity. However, there has been no common consensus yet, and several studies have found contradictory results. Hence, we conducted this systematic review to represent the current view on the role of hypothyroidism (HT) and individual thyroid function parameters such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) in NAFLD pathogenesis. We searched PubMed, PubMed Central, and Semantic Scholar databases from inception until January 2021 to identify relevant observational (case-control, cross-sectional, and longitudinal) studies. A total of 699 articles were recognized through our database search. After applying the eligibility criteria and performing quality assessment, 10 studies involving 42,227 participants were included in the final systematic review. Each of these studies assessed different thyroid function parameters, and NAFLD was found to be associated with HT in two studies, elevated TSH in three studies, suppressed T4 in three studies, elevated T3 in one study, and elevated TPOAb in one study. There was also a wide heterogeneity in HT definition, study population characteristics, and study design among these studies, making a direct comparison difficult. Because the recognition of HT-induced NAFLD has possible diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications, we recommend that comprehensive, long-term prospective studies be carried out to determine if HT or thyroid function parameters are causally associated with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajvi Gor
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nabeel A Siddiqui
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | | | - Janan Illango
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mushrin Malik
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Pousette Hamid
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Negi CK, Khan S, Dirven H, Bajard L, Bláha L. Flame Retardants-Mediated Interferon Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084282. [PMID: 33924165 PMCID: PMC8074384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing concern worldwide, affecting 25% of the global population. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease with a broad spectrum of pathology includes steatosis, which gradually progresses to a more severe condition such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually leads to hepatic cancer. Several risk factors, including exposure to environmental toxicants, are involved in the development and progression of NAFLD. Environmental factors may promote the development and progression of NAFLD by various biological alterations, including mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, nuclear receptors dysregulation, and interference in inflammatory and immune-mediated signaling. Moreover, environmental contaminants can influence immune responses by impairing the immune system’s components and, ultimately, disease susceptibility. Flame retardants (FRs) are anthropogenic chemicals or mixtures that are being used to inhibit or delay the spread of fire. FRs have been employed in several household and outdoor products; therefore, human exposure is unavoidable. In this review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of FRs-associated immune and inflammatory signaling and their possible contribution to the development and progression of NAFLD, with an emphasis on FRs-mediated interferon signaling. Knowledge gaps are identified, and emerging pharmacotherapeutic molecules targeting the immune and inflammatory signaling for NAFLD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander K. Negi
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sabbir Khan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Section for Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lola Bajard
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Luděk Bláha
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.B.); (L.B.)
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Lu J, Gong Y, Wei X, Yao Z, Yang R, Xin J, Gao L, Shao S. Changes in hepatic triglyceride content with the activation of ER stress and increased FGF21 secretion during pregnancy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:40. [PMID: 33849585 PMCID: PMC8045396 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To meet the needs of foetal growth and development, marked changes in lipid profiles occur during pregnancy. Abnormal lipid metabolism is often accompanied by adverse pregnancy outcomes, which seriously affect maternal and infant health. Further understanding of the mechanism of lipid metabolism during pregnancy would be helpful to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods Pregnant mice were euthanized in the virgin (V) state, on day 5 of pregnancy (P5), on day 12 of pregnancy (P12), on day 19 of pregnancy (P19) and on lactation day 2 (L2). Body weight and energy expenditure were assessed to evaluate the general condition of the mice. Triglyceride (TG) levels, the cholesterol content in the liver, liver histopathology, serum lipid profiles, serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) levels and the levels of relevant target genes were analysed. Results During early pregnancy, anabolism was found to play a major role in liver lipid deposition. In contrast, advanced pregnancy is an overall catabolic condition associated with both increased energy expenditure and reduced lipogenesis. Moreover, the accumulation of hepatic TG did not appear until P12, after the onset of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on P5. Then, catabolism was enhanced, and FGF21 secretion was increased in the livers of female mice in late pregnancy. We further found that the expression of sec23a, which as the coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicle coat proteins regulates the secretion of FGF21, in the liver was decreased on P19. Conclusion With the activation of ER stress and increased FGF21 secretion during pregnancy, the hepatic TG content changes, suggesting that ER stress and FGF21 may play an important role in balancing lipid homeostasis and meeting maternal and infant energy requirements in late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 544, Jing 4 Rd., Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhong Wei
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxing Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 544, Jing 4 Rd., Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 544, Jing 4 Rd., Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Assessment of causal association between thyroid function and lipid metabolism: a Mendelian randomization study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1064-1069. [PMID: 33942801 PMCID: PMC8116035 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of thyroid function in lipid metabolism remains partly unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the causal association between thyroid function and serum lipid metabolism via a genetic analysis termed Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: The MR approach uses a genetic variant as the instrumental variable in epidemiological studies to mimic a randomized controlled trial. A two-sample MR was performed to assess the causal association, using summary statistics from the Atrial Fibrillation Genetics Consortium (n = 537,409) and the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 188,577). The clinical measures of thyroid function include thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels, FT3:FT4 ratio and concentration of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). The serum lipid metabolism traits include total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The MR estimate and MR inverse variance-weighted method were used to assess the association between thyroid function and serum lipid metabolism. Results: The results demonstrated that increased TSH levels were significantly associated with higher TC (β = 0.052, P = 0.002) and LDL (β = 0.041, P = 0.018) levels. In addition, the FT3:FT4 ratio was significantly associated with TC (β = 0.240, P = 0.033) and LDL (β = 0.025, P = 0.027) levels. However, no significant differences were observed between genetically predicted FT4 and TPOAb and serum lipids. Conclusion: Taken together, the results of the present study suggest an association between thyroid function and serum lipid metabolism, highlighting the importance of the pituitary-thyroid-cardiac axis in dyslipidemia susceptibility.
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Xu T, Yang Y, Huang X, Ren J, Xu T, Xie W. Lipidomic Perturbations in Cynomolgus Monkeys are Regulated by Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:640387. [PMID: 33791338 PMCID: PMC8006939 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.640387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid disease affects an estimated 200 million people worldwide, and is commonly associated with increased blood lipid levels. However, the mechanism by which thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) affects lipid profiles is not clear. Twenty-four cynomolgus monkeys were treated with a novel exogenous recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) (SNA001) at 9 μg kg−1, 22 μg kg−1, or 54 μg kg−1, and reference rhTSH (Thyrogen®) at 22 μg kg−1. The primary TSH (SNA001) pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters increased in a dose-dependent manner across the dose range of 9 μg kg−1, 22 μg kg−1, or 54 μg kg−1. Peak triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were reached within 24 h after rhTSH administration, which was delayed by approximately 20 h. In total, 420 lipid species were detected and quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography high resolution spectrometry (UPLC-HR-MS)-based lipidomics. Notably, peak levels of lipid accumulation, particularly sphingomyelin (SM) and triglycerides (TG), appeared at 4 and 24 h, which was consistent with the pattern of TSH and T3/T4 levels, respectively. According to weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), perturbations of many lipid species were strongly correlated with TSH and T3/T4 levels. TSH and the stimulated T3/T4 levels and lipid profiles following SNA001 administration were comparable to those after administration of the reference rhTSH (Thyrogen®). The plasma lipidome and changes in lipid levels after rhTSH stimulation were associated with TSH and T3/T4 concentrations. T3/T4 and lipid profiles were delayed after TSH stimulation. Such phenomena require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,The Therapeutic Antibody Research Center of SEU-Alphamab, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- Suzhou Bionovogene Metabolomics Platform, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Xu
- The Therapeutic Antibody Research Center of SEU-Alphamab, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,The Therapeutic Antibody Research Center of SEU-Alphamab, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a metabolic burden promoting atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1775-1799. [PMID: 32677680 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the fastest growing chronic liver disease, with a prevalence of up to 25% worldwide. Individuals with NAFLD have a high risk of disease progression to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver failure. With the exception of intrahepatic burden, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and especially atherosclerosis (AS) are common complications of NAFLD. Furthermore, CVD is a major cause of death in NAFLD patients. Additionally, AS is a metabolic disorder highly associated with NAFLD, and individual NAFLD pathologies can greatly increase the risk of AS. It is increasingly clear that AS-associated endothelial cell damage, inflammatory cell activation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation are extensively impacted by NAFLD-induced systematic dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, the production of hepatokines, and coagulations. In clinical trials, drug candidates for NAFLD management have displayed promising effects for the treatment of AS. In this review, we summarize the key molecular events and cellular factors contributing to the metabolic burden induced by NAFLD on AS, and discuss therapeutic strategies for the improvement of AS in individuals with NAFLD.
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Gariani K, Jornayvaz FR. Pathophysiology of NASH in endocrine diseases. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R52-R65. [PMID: 33449917 PMCID: PMC7983516 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the industrialized world. NAFLD encompasses a whole spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. The latter can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, NASH is the most rapidly increasing indication for liver transplantation in western countries and therefore represents a global health issue. The pathophysiology of NASH is complex and includes multiple parallel hits. NASH is notably characterized by steatosis as well as evidence of hepatocyte injury and inflammation, with or without fibrosis. NASH is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes and conditions associated with insulin resistance. Moreover, NASH may also be found in many other endocrine diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, male hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency or glucocorticoid excess, for example. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of NASH associated with different endocrinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence should be addressed to F R Jornayvaz:
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Shao Q, Wu Y, Ji J, Xu T, Yu Q, Ma C, Liao X, Cheng F, Wang X. Interaction Mechanisms Between Major Depressive Disorder and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711835. [PMID: 34966296 PMCID: PMC8710489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is highly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has complex pathogenic mechanisms. However, a limited number of studies have evaluated the mutual pathomechanisms involved in MDD and NAFLD development. Chronic stress-mediated elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels play an important role in the development of MDD-related NAFLD. Elevated GC levels can induce the release of inflammatory factors and changes in gut permeability. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which further increases the release of GC. At the same time, changes in gut permeability promote the release of inflammatory factors, which results in a vicious circle among the three, causing disease outbreaks. Even though the specific role of the thyroid hormone (TH) in this pathogenesis has not been fully established, it is highly correlated with MDD and NAFLD. Therefore, changing lifestyles and reducing psychological stress levels are necessary measures for preventing MDD-related NAFLD. Among them, GC inhibitors and receptor antagonists may be key in the alleviation of early and mid-term disease progression. However, combination medications may be important in late-stage diseases, but they are associated with various side effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have been shown to be potential therapeutic alternatives for such complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Olichwier A, Balatskyi VV, Wolosiewicz M, Ntambi JM, Dobrzyn P. Interplay between Thyroid Hormones and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in the Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010109. [PMID: 33374300 PMCID: PMC7796080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), an enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, induces the reprogramming of cardiomyocyte metabolism. Thyroid hormones (THs) activate both lipolysis and lipogenesis. Many genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, including Scd1, are regulated by THs. The present study used SCD1 knockout (SCD1−/−) mice to test the hypothesis that THs are important factors that mediate the anti-steatotic effect of SCD1 downregulation in the heart. SCD1 deficiency decreased plasma levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine and the expression of genes that regulate intracellular TH levels (i.e., Slc16a2 and Dio1-3) in cardiomyocytes. Both hypothyroidism and SCD1 deficiency affected genomic and non-genomic TH pathways in the heart. SCD1 deficiency is known to protect mice from genetic- or diet-induced obesity and decrease lipid content in the heart. Interestingly, hypothyroidism increased body adiposity and triglyceride and diacylglycerol levels in the heart in SCD1−/− mice. The accumulation of triglycerides in cardiomyocytes in SCD1−/− hypothyroid mice was caused by the activation of lipogenesis, which likely exceeded the upregulation of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. Lipid accumulation was also observed in the heart in wildtype hypothyroid mice compared with wildtype control mice, but this process was related to a reduction of triglyceride lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. We also found that simultaneous SCD1 and deiodinase inhibition increased triglyceride content in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, and this process was related to the downregulation of lipolysis. Altogether, the present results suggest that THs are an important part of the mechanism of SCD1 in cardiac lipid utilization and may be involved in the upregulation of energetic metabolism that is associated with SCD1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Olichwier
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (V.V.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Volodymyr V. Balatskyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (V.V.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Marcin Wolosiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (V.V.B.); (M.W.)
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (V.V.B.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Yu L, Liu X, Jiang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Yang Z. Use of a Novel Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Model for Predicting the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11421-11431. [PMID: 33192075 PMCID: PMC7654545 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s275304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are at risk of tumor recurrence after surgical resection, which affects their survival. The aim of the present study was to establish a model for predicting tumor progression in patients with HCC. METHODS To develop and validate the efficacy of a novel prognostic model, a retrospective cohort with HCC (n = 1005) at Beijing Ditan Hospital was enrolled from January 2008 and June 2017. Furthermore, a prospective cohort (n = 77) was recruited to validate the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and tumor progression in patients with HCC. RESULTS The model used in predicting the progression of HCC included four variables (namely, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] stage, presence of portal vein tumor thrombus, alpha-fetoprotein level, and TSH level). The AUROC of the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) model was 0.755 and 0.753 in the deriving cohort and validation cohort, respectively, and these values were significantly higher than those of the Child-Pugh score, Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD), tumor-lymph node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, Okuda classification, and CLIP score. A simple assessment using a nomogram showed the 1-year PFS rate of patients with HCC. In the prospective cohort, the KM curve showed that the high TSH level group had a shorter PFS than the low TSH level (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The prognostic model of HCC progression was superior to other well-known classical tumor scoring systems. A high TSH level was correlated to poor outcome, particularly those with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China.,First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyong Jiang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbo Wang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, People's Republic of China
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Mu H, Zhou Q, Yang R, Zeng J, Li X, Zhang R, Tang W, Li H, Wang S, Shen T, Huang X, Dou L, Dong J. Naringin Attenuates High Fat Diet Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Bacterial Dysbiosis in Mice. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585066. [PMID: 33281780 PMCID: PMC7691324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising annually, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut bacteria plays a causal role in NAFLD. Naringin, a natural flavanone enriched in citrus fruits, is reported to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation, but to date, no investigations have examined whether the benefits of naringin are associated with the gut bacteria. Thus, we investigated whether the antilipidemic effects of naringin are related to modulating the gut bacteria and metabolic functions. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, then fed an HFD with or without naringin administration for another 8 weeks. Naringin intervention reduced the body weight gain, liver lipid accumulation, and lipogenesis and attenuated plasma biochemical parameters in HFD-fed mice. Gut bacteria analysis showed that naringin altered the community compositional structure of the gut bacteria characterized by increased benefits and fewer harmful bacteria. Additionally, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that at the genus level, Allobaculum, Alloprevotella, Butyricicoccus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Parasutterella and uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae were negatively correlated and Campylobacter, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, Faecalibaculum and Fusobacterium were positively correlated with serum lipid levels. These results strongly suggest that naringin may be used as a potential agent to prevent gut dysbiosis and alleviate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kizivat T, Maric I, Mudri D, Curcic IB, Primorac D, Smolic M. Hypothyroidism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathophysiological Associations and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:347-353. [PMID: 33083258 PMCID: PMC7562794 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex clinical entity which can be secondary to many other diseases including hypothyroidism, characterized by lowering of thyroid hormones and increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). A lot of emerging data published recently advocates the hypothesis that hypothyroid induced NAFLD could be a separate clinical entity, even suggesting possible treatment options for NAFLD involving substitution therapy for hypothyroidism along with lifestyle modifications. In addition, a whole new field of research is focused on thyromimetics in NAFLD/NASH treatment, currently in phase 3 clinical trials. In this critical review we summarized epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence linking these two clinical entities and described specific treatment options with the accent on promising new agents in NAFLD treatment, specifically thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonist and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Kizivat
- University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
- University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Maric
- University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
- University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dunja Mudri
- University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
- University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilic Curcic
- University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
- University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dragan Primorac
- University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
- St Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb & Zabok, Croatia
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Eberly College of Science, State College, Penn State University, PA, USA
- The Henry C Lee College of Criminal Justice & Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, USA
- University of Rijeka School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- University of Osijek Faculty of Dental Medicine & Health, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolic
- University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
- University of Osijek Faculty of Dental Medicine & Health, Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence to: Martina Smolic, University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. Tel: +385-31-512-800, Fax: +385-31-512-833, E-mail:
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Low Thyroid Function in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:1496-1504. [PMID: 32496342 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the euthyroid state can negatively affect the metabolic health, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We studied the effect of TSH levels in the setting of normal levels of thyroid hormone on all-cause and cause-specific mortality stratified by NAFLD status. METHODS The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III from 1988 to 1994 and NHANES III-linked mortality data through 2015 were used. NAFLD was defined as ultrasonographically diagnosed hepatic steatosis without coexisting liver diseases. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as a TSH level over 4.5 mIU/L and "low-normal" thyroid function as higher TSH level (2.5-4.5 mIU/L) within the euthyroid reference range. The Cox proportional hazard model analyzed the all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, individuals with low thyroid function demonstrated an association with NAFLD in a dose-dependent manner. During a median follow-up of 23 years, low thyroid function was associated with increased all-cause mortality only in the univariate model. Low thyroid function was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality in individuals with NAFLD and not in those without NAFLD. Furthermore, low thyroid function was associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular mortality in the entire population and among those with NAFLD but demonstrated no association with the non-NAFLD group. DISCUSSION In this large nationally representative sample of American adults, low thyroid function was associated with NAFLD and a predictor of higher risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with NAFLD.
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