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García-González R, Rodríguez L, Salazar-Fernández A, Arsuaga JL, Carretero JM. Updated study of adult and subadult pectoral girdle bones from Sima de los Huesos site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Anatomical and age estimation keys. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2491-2518. [PMID: 36656646 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we present an updated inventory and study of pectoral girdle remains recovered from the Sima de los Huesos (SH) site. Here, we describe the key morphological traits of adults and, for the first time, subadult specimens. Because morphological traits can change with age, we also discuss some shortcomings related to age estimation in postcranial fossil specimens. Adult clavicles from the SH are long with a low robusticity index and marked curvatures in the superior view. Among these traits, only extreme clavicular length seems to characterize subadult individuals. Neandertals share all these traits. In the case of the scapula, the SH specimens share a relatively long and narrow glenoid fossa with Neandertals. This trait is also present in subadult individuals. Additionally, most specimens from SH, adults, and subadults showed a dorsal axillary sulcus on the scapular lateral border, a trait also present in most adult and subadult Neandertals. These traits in adult and subadult specimens supports substantial genetic control for many of them in both human species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca García-González
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Edificio I+D+i-CIBA, Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Edificio I+D+i-CIBA, Burgos, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Miguel Carretero
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Edificio I+D+i-CIBA, Burgos, Spain
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC Vidrio y Materiales del Patrimonio Cultural (VIMPAC), Burgos, Spain
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Limmer LS, Santon M, McGrath K, Harvati K, El Zaatari S. Differences in childhood stress between Neanderthals and early modern humans as reflected by dental enamel growth disruptions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11293. [PMID: 38782948 PMCID: PMC11116461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neanderthals' lives were historically portrayed as highly stressful, shaped by constant pressures to survive in harsh ecological conditions, thus potentially contributing to their extinction. Recent work has challenged this interpretation, leaving the issue of stress among Paleolithic populations highly contested and warranting in-depth examination. Here, we analyze the frequency of dental enamel hypoplasia, a growth disruption indicator of early life stress, in the largest sample of Neanderthal and Upper Paleolithic dentitions investigated to date for these features. To track potential species-specific patterns in the ontogenetic distribution of childhood stress, we present the first comprehensive Bayesian modelling of the likelihood of occurrence of individual and matched enamel growth disruptions throughout ontogeny. Our findings support similar overall stress levels in both groups but reveal species-specific patterns in its ontogenetic distribution. While Neanderthal children faced increasing likelihoods of growth disruptions starting with the weaning process and culminating in intensity post-weaning, growth disruptions in Upper Paleolithic children were found to be limited around the period of weaning and substantially dropping after its expected completion. These results might, at least in part, reflect differences in childcare or other behavioral strategies between the two taxa, including those that were advantageous for modern humans' long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sophia Limmer
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Center of Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: Tracking Linguistic, Cultural and Biological Trajectories of the Human Past', Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matteo Santon
- Ecology of Vision Group, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate McGrath
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- CENIEH, Burgos, Spain
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Center of Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: Tracking Linguistic, Cultural and Biological Trajectories of the Human Past', Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sireen El Zaatari
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- DFG Center of Advanced Studies 'Words, Bones, Genes, Tools: Tracking Linguistic, Cultural and Biological Trajectories of the Human Past', Tübingen, Germany.
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3
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Dental wear and oral pathology among sex determined Early Bronze-Age children from Franzhausen I, Lower Austria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280769. [PMID: 36749757 PMCID: PMC9904482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical properties of diet and oral health throughout childhood play an important role in the development of human dentition, and differed greatly before the industrial revolution. In this study we examined dental wear and oral pathology in a sample of children from the Early Bronze-Age to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of childhood diet and related oral health. We explore cross-sectional age and sex-based variation of children in the sample. The analysis was carried out on the dentitions of 75 children, 978 teeth, excavated from the Early Bronze-Age cemetery Franzhausen I in Lower Austria. Presence of dental caries and calculus was recorded. Dental wear was measured using dentine exposure, occlusal topography, and dental microwear texture analysis. Sex determination was carried out using amelogenin peptide analysis. Caries were found in only 4 individuals (crude prevalence rate-5%, 95% CI 1% to 13%), affecting only 5 teeth (true prevalence rate-less than 1%). Dentine exposure was observed in over 70% of deciduous molars and dental wear measurements indicate a comparatively strong dental wear accumulation especially, among younger children, when compared to modern-day and later pre-industrial populations. Microwear textures presented a high complexity (Asfc > 2)/low anisotropy (epLsar < 1) profile, especially in older children. Differences between male and female children were not generally significant but increased dentine exposure was observed in the lower molars of younger female children. Our results suggest that the Early Bronze-Age children at Franzhausen I consumed a non-cariogenic diet, more abrasive and inclusive of harder/polyhedral foodstuffs than present-day children and some later Medieval children. Differences in dental wear accumulation were observed between children within the population, but with minimal variation between the sexes mostly occurring among younger children.
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Mountain RV, Zhu Y, Pickett OR, Lussier AA, Goldstein JM, Roffman JL, Bidlack FB, Dunn EC. Association of Maternal Stress and Social Support During Pregnancy With Growth Marks in Children's Primary Tooth Enamel. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2129129. [PMID: 34751761 PMCID: PMC8579236 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.29129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Exposure to maternal psychosocial stressors during the prenatal and perinatal periods can have major long-term mental health consequences for children. However, valid and inexpensive biomarkers are currently unavailable to identify children who have been exposed to psychosocial stress and the buffers of stress exposure. Objective To assess whether a growth mark in tooth enamel, the neonatal line, is associated with exposure to prenatal and perinatal maternal psychosocial factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study used exfoliated primary canine teeth and epidemiological survey data from 70 children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a birth cohort based in Bristol, England. Exfoliated teeth were collected from children at 5 to 7 years of age. Data were collected from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 1998, and were analyzed from January 1, 2019, to August 10, 2021. Exposures Four types of prenatal and perinatal maternal psychosocial factors were studied: stressful life events, psychopathological history, neighborhood disadvantage, and social support. Data were collected from mailed-in questionnaires completed during and shortly after pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures Neonatal line width measured within 3 portions of the tooth crown (the cuspal, middle, and innermost third) in exfoliated primary canines. Results A total of 70 children (34 of 70 [48.7%] male; 63 of 67 [94.0%] White) were studied. Most children were born full term (57 [83.8%]) and to mothers of typical child-bearing age (60 [88.2%]). Neonatal lines were wider in the canines of children born to mothers who self-reported severe lifetime depression (β = 3.35; 95% CI, 1.48-5.23; P = .001), any lifetime psychiatric problems (β = 2.66; 95% CI, 0.92-4.41; P = .003), or elevated anxiety or depressive symptoms at 32 weeks' gestation (β = 2.29; 95% CI, 0.38-4.20; P = .02). By contrast, neonatal lines were narrower in children born to mothers who self-reported high social support shortly after birth (β = -2.04; 95% CI, -3.70 to -0.38; P = .02). The magnitude of these associations was large, up to 1.2 SD unit differences, and persisted after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, neonatal line width was associated with exposure to maternal perinatal psychosocial factors. Replication and validation of these findings can further evaluate teeth as possible new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V. Mountain
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivia R. Pickett
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Alexandre A. Lussier
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jill M. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Innovation Center on Sex Differences in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Felicitas B. Bidlack
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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Lawrence J, Stojanowski CM, Paul KS, Seidel AC, Guatelli-Steinberg D. Heterogeneous frailty and the expression of linear enamel hypoplasia in a genealogical population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:638-651. [PMID: 33852741 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a common skeletal marker of physiological stress (e.g., malnutrition or illness) that is studied within and across populations, without reference to familial risk. We examine LEH prevalence in a population with known genealogical relationships to determine the potential influence of genetic heritability and shared environment. METHODS LEH data of 239 individuals from a single population were recorded from the Ohio State University Menegaz-Bock collection dental casts. All individuals were of known age, sex, and genealogy. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were obtained for LEH presence and count data from all unworn, fully erupted teeth (excluding third molars) using SOLAR (v.8.1.1). Age, sex, and age-sex interaction were included as covariates. Models were re-run with a household effect variable. RESULTS LEH persists across generations in this study population with moderate, significant heritability estimates for presence in four teeth, and count in four teeth (three teeth were significant for both). When a household effect variable was added, no residual heritability remained for LEH count on any tooth. There was no significant household effect for three of the four teeth that had significant heritability estimates for LEH presence. Age was a significant covariate. Further analyses with birth year data revealed a secular trend toward less LEH. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for familial risk of LEH (genetic and environmental) that has consequences for the broad use of this skeletal marker of stress. These results have repercussions for archaeological assemblages, or population health studies, where genetic relatives and household groups might be heavily represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lawrence
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher M Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathleen S Paul
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Andrew C Seidel
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Lacy SA. Evidence of dental agenesis in late pleistocene Homo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 32:103-110. [PMID: 33524842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differential diagnosis and tabulation of cases of dental agenesis in Middle and Upper Paleolithic Western Eurasian humans to synthesize this data and to test previous hypotheses about when recent human patterns of third molar agenesis were established. MATERIALS 139 Late Pleistocene human remains and 149 individuals from three Epi-Paleolithic/ Holocene non-agricultural comparative collections. METHODS All remains were visually and radiographically recorded by the author. RESULTS In addition to establishing that third molar agenesis was common during the Late Upper Paleolithic (22,500-10,000 years BP), this study suggests a pattern of increasing prevalence through time. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the prevalence of third molar agenesis in the Late Upper Paleolithic could indicate selection for dental size reduction and orthognathy, but also bio-cultural changes from more intensive food preparation techniques. SIGNIFICANCE Third molar agenesis, a well-known developmental defect, is often reported for recent human skeletal collections, but the prevalence of the condition for Pleistocene hominins had not been previously quantified in order to consider patterns through time. Hypotheses posited for the high prevalence of third molar agenesis, or hypodontia in general, in some recent human groups require an understanding of the prevalence of these traits in the past. LIMITATIONS Paleolithic skeletal remains are incomplete, so these values are under-estimations. Individuals are also separated diachronically and geographically and should not be assumed to represent a single population sample. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Hypotheses on some of the potential selective forces acting on dental size reduction and subsequent agenesis could be tested in recent humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Lacy
- California State University Dominguez Hills, Department of Anthropology, 1000 E Victoria St, Carson, CA, 90747, United States.
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7
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McGrath K, Limmer LS, Lockey AL, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Reid DJ, Witzel C, Bocaege E, McFarlin SC, El Zaatari S. 3D enamel profilometry reveals faster growth but similar stress severity in Neanderthal versus Homo sapiens teeth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:522. [PMID: 33436796 PMCID: PMC7804262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stress disrupts growth and creates horizontal grooves on the tooth surface in humans and other mammals, yet there is no consensus for their quantitative analysis. Linear defects are considered to be nonspecific stress indicators, but evidence suggests that intermittent, severe stressors create deeper defects than chronic, low-level stressors. However, species-specific growth patterns also influence defect morphology, with faster-growing teeth having shallower defects at the population level. Here we describe a method to measure the depth of linear enamel defects and normal growth increments (i.e., perikymata) from high-resolution 3D topographies using confocal profilometry and apply it to a diverse sample of Homo neanderthalensis and H. sapiens anterior teeth. Debate surrounds whether Neanderthals exhibited modern human-like growth patterns in their teeth and other systems, with some researchers suggesting that they experienced more severe childhood stress. Our results suggest that Neanderthals have shallower features than H. sapiens from the Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic, and medieval eras, mirroring the faster growth rates in Neanderthal anterior teeth. However, when defect depth is scaled by perikymata depth to assess their severity, Neolithic humans have less severe defects, while Neanderthals and the other H. sapiens groups show evidence of more severe early life growth disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate McGrath
- CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Univ. Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac, France. .,Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St. NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Laura Sophia Limmer
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annabelle-Louise Lockey
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 4034 Smith Laboratory, 174 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Donald J Reid
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St. NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Carsten Witzel
- Department of Biology, Universität Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31141, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Emmy Bocaege
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK
| | - Shannon C McFarlin
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St. NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th Street & Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Sireen El Zaatari
- Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstraße 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
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McFarlane G, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Loch C, White S, Bayle P, Floyd B, Pitfield R, Mahoney P. An inconstant biorhythm: The changing pace of Retzius periodicity in human permanent teeth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 175:172-186. [PMID: 33368148 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human tooth enamel retains evidence of growth in the form of Retzius lines. The number of daily growth increments between the regularly occurring lines defines their repeat interval, or periodicity. Retzius periodicity is often incorporated into enamel formation times, age-at-death reconstructions, or used to provide a basis from which to explore an underlying biorhythm. Biological anthropologists typically assume that RP remains constant within an individual and does not vary along the tooth-row. Here, we test that assumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS RP was calculated from n = 223 thin sections of human permanent teeth from individuals of British and southern African origin. Forty individuals provided multiple teeth (n = 102 teeth) and a further 121 individuals each provided a single tooth. RESULTS We report first evidence that RP of permanent teeth does not always remain constant within an individual. Of those individuals that provided multiple teeth, 42% (n = 17/40) demonstrated a decrease in RP along the tooth row, with most shifting by two or more days (n = 11). Across the entire sample, mean RP of anterior teeth was significantly higher than molars. Mean premolar RP tended to be intermediate between anterior teeth and molars. DISCUSSION Our data do not support the assumption that RP invariably remains constant within the permanent teeth of an individual. Transferring RP from molars to incisors within an individual can result in a miscalculation of formation time and age-at-death by up to 1 year. Implications for biological anthropologists and the source of the underlying long period biorhythm are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina McFarlane
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolina Loch
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sophie White
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruce Floyd
- School of Social Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rosie Pitfield
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Human Osteology Lab, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Frayer DW, Radovčić J, Radovčić D. Krapina and the Case for Neandertal Symbolic Behavior. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1086/712088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Dąbrowski P, Kulus M, Grzelak J, Radzikowska M, Oziembłowski M, Domagała Z, Krajcarz MT. Assessing weaning stress - Relations between enamel hypoplasia, δ 18O and δ 13C values in human teeth obtained from early modern cemeteries in Wroclaw, Poland. Ann Anat 2020; 232:151546. [PMID: 32569825 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to assess linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) on canines of adults from early modern Wroclaw cemeteries to compare δ13C and δ18O values in enamel formed before, during and after LEH formation, and to attempt to find a link between the selected indicators of the weaning process. MATERIAL AND METHODS 15 permanent canines with visible LEH were selected for analysis. Age at LEH formation was estimated using the Reid and Dean method. The perikymata count was used to estimate the duration of LEH formation. Incremental stable oxygen and carbon isotopes analysis was performed on tooth enamel to infer stress related to weaning and dietary patterns. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were used in statistical inference. RESULTS The average age of LEH formation was 3.14 years, with an average duration of 111 days. Stable carbon isotope values consistently increase in 73% of the individuals sampled. The values of δ18O do not show a dominant pattern. The average value of δ13C increases over the time of enamel formation. The δ13C values collected below LEH were negatively correlated with δ18O values and the duration of LEH termination. CONCLUSIONS Marking of carbon and oxygen isotopes indicates different stages of weaning. Advancements in diet change (determined by higher δ13C) corresponds with faster recovery after physiological stress episode. There is no evidence for different breastfeeding models between distinct parishes in early modern Wroclaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Dąbrowski
- Division of Normal Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Kulus
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Grzelak
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Radzikowska
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Warszawa, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Oziembłowski
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Domagała
- Division of Normal Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej T Krajcarz
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Warszawa, Wroclaw, Poland
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Davis KA, Mountain RV, Pickett OR, Den Besten PK, Bidlack FB, Dunn EC. Teeth as Potential New Tools to Measure Early-Life Adversity and Subsequent Mental Health Risk: An Interdisciplinary Review and Conceptual Model. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:502-513. [PMID: 31858984 PMCID: PMC7822497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early-life adversity affects nearly half of all youths in the United States and is a known risk factor for psychiatric disorders across the life course. One strategy to prevent mental illness may be to target interventions toward children who are exposed to adversity, particularly during sensitive periods when these adversities may have even more enduring effects. However, a major obstacle impeding progress in this area is the lack of tools to reliably and validly measure the existence and timing of early-life adversity. In this review, we summarize empirical work across dentistry, anthropology, and archaeology on human tooth development and discuss how teeth preserve a time-resolved record of our life experiences. Specifically, we articulate how teeth have been examined in these fields as biological fossils in which the history of an individual's early-life experiences is permanently imprinted; this area of research is related to, but distinct from, studies of oral health. We then integrate these insights with knowledge about the role of psychosocial adversity in shaping psychopathology risk to present a working conceptual model, which proposes that teeth may be an understudied yet suggestive new tool to identify individuals at risk for mental health problems following early-life psychosocial stress exposure. We end by presenting a research agenda and discussion of future directions for rigorously testing this possibility and with a call to action for interdisciplinary research to meet the urgent need for new biomarkers of adversity and psychiatric outcomes.
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12
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Faster growth corresponds with shallower linear hypoplastic defects in great ape canines. J Hum Evol 2019; 137:102691. [PMID: 31704354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Deeper or more 'severe' linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) defects are hypothesized to reflect more severe stress during development, but it is not yet clear how depth is influenced by intrinsic enamel growth patterns. Recent work documented inter- and intraspecific differences in LEH defect depth in extant great apes, with mountain gorillas having shallower defects than other taxa, and females having deeper defects than males. Here, we assess the correspondence of inter- and intraspecific defect depth and intrinsic aspects of enamel growth: enamel extension rates, outer enamel striae of Retzius angles, and linear enamel thickness. Thin sections of great ape canines (n = 40) from Gorilla beringei beringei, Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Pongo spp. were analyzed. Enamel extension rates were calculated within deciles of enamel-dentine junction length. Linear enamel thickness and the angle of intersection between striae of Retzius and the outer enamel surface were measured in the imbricational enamel. Mountain gorillas have faster enamel extension rates and shallower striae angles than the other taxa examined. Mountain gorillas have thinner imbricational enamel than western lowland gorillas and orangutans, but not chimpanzees. In the combined-taxon sample, females exhibit larger striae angles and thicker imbricational enamel than males. Enamel extension rates are highly negatively correlated with striae angles and LEH defect depth. Enamel growth variation corresponds with documented inter- and intraspecific differences in LEH defect depth in great ape canines. Mountain gorillas have shallower striae angles and faster extension rates than other taxa, which might explain their shallow LEH defect morphology and the underestimation of their LEH prevalence in previous studies. These results suggest that stressors of similar magnitude and timing might produce defects of different depths in one species or sex vs. another, which has implications for interpretations of stress histories in hominins with variable enamel growth patterns.
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Towle I, Irish JD. A probable genetic origin for pitting enamel hypoplasia on the molars of Paranthropus robustus. J Hum Evol 2019; 129:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Ríos L, Kivell TL, Lalueza-Fox C, Estalrrich A, García-Tabernero A, Huguet R, Quintino Y, de la Rasilla M, Rosas A. Skeletal Anomalies in The Neandertal Family of El Sidrón (Spain) Support A Role of Inbreeding in Neandertal Extinction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1697. [PMID: 30737446 PMCID: PMC6368597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neandertals disappeared from the fossil record around 40,000 bp, after a demographic history of small and isolated groups with high but variable levels of inbreeding, and episodes of interbreeding with other Paleolithic hominins. It is reasonable to expect that high levels of endogamy could be expressed in the skeleton of at least some Neandertal groups. Genetic studies indicate that the 13 individuals from the site of El Sidrón, Spain, dated around 49,000 bp, constituted a closely related kin group, making these Neandertals an appropriate case study for the observation of skeletal signs of inbreeding. We present the complete study of the 1674 identified skeletal specimens from El Sidrón. Altogether, 17 congenital anomalies were observed (narrowing of the internal nasal fossa, retained deciduous canine, clefts of the first cervical vertebra, unilateral hypoplasia of the second cervical vertebra, clefting of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, diminutive thoracic or lumbar rib, os centrale carpi and bipartite scaphoid, tripartite patella, left foot anomaly and cuboid-navicular coalition), with at least four individuals presenting congenital conditions (clefts of the first cervical vertebra). At 49,000 years ago, the Neandertals from El Sidrón, with genetic and skeletal evidence of inbreeding, could be representative of the beginning of the demographic collapse of this hominin phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ríos
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Aranzadi Zientzia Elkartea, Zorroagagaina 11, 20014, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - T L Kivell
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - C Lalueza-Fox
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Estalrrich
- Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria IIIPC (Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Gobierno de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros 52, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - A García-Tabernero
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Huguet
- IPHES, Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain.,Unidad asociada al CSIC, Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Calle José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Quintino
- Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Dpto. de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Edificio I+D+i, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - M de la Rasilla
- Área de Prehistoria Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Oviedo, Calle Teniente Alfonso Martínez s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Rosas
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Becam G, Chevalier T. Neandertal features of the deciduous and permanent teeth from Portel-Ouest Cave (Ariège, France). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:45-69. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Becam
- UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique; Université de Perpignan/MNHN/CERP de Tautavel; Tautavel France
| | - Tony Chevalier
- UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique; Université de Perpignan/MNHN/CERP de Tautavel; Tautavel France
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16
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An abundance of developmental anomalies and abnormalities in Pleistocene people. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11941-11946. [PMID: 30397116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814989115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse developmental abnormalities and anomalous features are evident in the Pleistocene Homo fossil record, varying from minor but rare dental, vertebral, and carpal variants to exceptional systemic disorders. There are currently 75 documented anomalies or abnormalities from 66 individuals, spanning the Pleistocene but primarily from the Late Pleistocene Middle and Upper Paleolithic with their more complete skeletal remains. The expected probabilities of finding these variants or developmental disorders vary from <5% to <0.0001%, based on either recent human incidences or relevant Pleistocene sample distributions. Given the modest sample sizes available for the skeletal or dental elements in question, especially if the samples are appropriately limited in time and geography, the cumulative multiplicative probability of finding these developmental changes is vanishingly small. These data raise questions regarding social survival abilities, differing mortuary treatments of the biologically unusual, the role of ubiquitous stress among these Pleistocene foragers, and their levels of consanguinity. No single factor sufficiently accounts for the elevated level of these developmental variants or the low probability of finding them in the available paleontological record.
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Comparison of cranial fluctuating asymmetry between normal and pathological specimens from a modern Thai skeletal group. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2018; 69:188-197. [PMID: 30097171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare fluctuating asymmetry (FA) levels across cranial modules of normal and pathological cranial specimens. It was examined whether pathological specimens have significantly higher FA scores than normal specimens in cranial regions affected by a developmental disorder. For this study, a modern Thai skeletal sample from Chulalongkorn University was analyzed. Ninety-two cranial landmarks were digitized on 66 adult and eight sub-adult normal specimens and on five pathological specimens including two adults with abnormal palates, two sub-adults with craniosynostosis, and one sub-adult with natal absence of nasal bones. In sub-adults, FA scores of specimens with developmental disorders were significantly higher than normal specimens in the entire cranium (p = 0.041) and vault (p = 0.025). However, comparisons excluding specimen with coronal craniosynostosis were not statistically significant. In adult specimens, comparisons of FA scores in each separate cranial module were also not statistically significant. These results suggest that elevated cranial FA may not be confined to the specific cranial region with the developmental disorder.
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18
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McGrath K, El‐Zaatari S, Guatelli‐Steinberg D, Stanton MA, Reid DJ, Stoinski TS, Cranfield MR, Mudakikwa A, McFarlin SC. Quantifying linear enamel hypoplasia in Virunga Mountain gorillas and other great apes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:337-352. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate McGrath
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
| | - Sireen El‐Zaatari
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and PaleoenvironmentEberhard Karls Universität TübingenTübingen 72070 Germany
| | | | - Margaret A. Stanton
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
| | - Donald J. Reid
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
| | | | - Michael R. Cranfield
- Mountain Gorilla Veterinary ProjectUniversity of California at Davis California 95616
| | - Antoine Mudakikwa
- Department of Tourism and ConservationRwanda Development BoardKigali Rwanda
| | - Shannon C. McFarlin
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
- Division of MammalsNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington DC 20560
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19
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Berbesque JC, Hoover KC. Frequency and developmental timing of linear enamel hypoplasia defects in Early Archaic Texan hunter-gatherers. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4367. [PMID: 29456891 PMCID: PMC5815329 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital photographs taken under controlled conditions were used to examine the incidence of linear enamel hypoplasia defects (LEHs) in burials from the Buckeye Knoll archaeological site (41VT98 Victoria county, Texas), which spans the Early to Late Archaic Period (ca. 2,500-6,500 BP uncorrected radiocarbon). The majority (68 of 74 burials) date to the Texas Early Archaic, including one extremely early burial dated to 8,500 BP. The photogrammetric data collection method also results in an archive for Buckeye Knoll, a significant rare Archaic period collection that has been repatriated and reinterred. We analyzed the incidence and developmental timing of LEHs in permanent canines. Fifty-nine percent of permanent canines (n = 54) had at least one defect. There were no significant differences in LEH frequency between the maxillary and mandibular canines (U = 640.5, n1 = 37, n2 = 43, p = .110). The sample studied (n = 92 permanent canines) had an overall mean of 0.93 LEH defect per tooth, with a median of one defect, and a mode of zero defects. Average age at first insult was 3.92 (median = 4.00, range = 2.5-5.4) and the mean age of all insults per individual was 4.18 years old (range = 2.5-5.67). Age at first insult is consistent with onset of weaning stress-the weaning age range for hunter-gatherer societies is 1-4.5. Having an earlier age of first insult was associated with having more LEHs (n = 54, rho = -0.381, p = 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Colette Berbesque
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary, Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kara C Hoover
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States of America
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20
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Bocaege E, Hillson S. Disturbances and noise: Defining furrow‐form enamel hypoplasia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:744-751. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bocaege
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, UMR 5199 PACEA, Équipe A3P, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy St HilairePessac Cedex France
| | - S. Hillson
- Institute of Archaeology, University College LondonLondon,WC1H 0PY UK
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21
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Bocaege E, Humphrey L. Lateral enamel growth in human incisors from Çatalhöyük in Turkey. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:656-666. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bocaege
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, UMR 5199 PACEABâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy StHilaire Pessac Cedex France
| | - L.T. Humphrey
- Department of Earth SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonSW7 5BD UK
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22
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Margvelashvili A, Zollikofer CPE, Lordkipanidze D, Tafforeau P, Ponce de León MS. Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 160:229-53. [PMID: 26919277 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to the scarcity of the fossil record, in vivo changes in the dentognathic system of early Homo are typically documented at the level of individual fossil specimens, and it remains difficult to draw population-level inferences about dietary habits, diet-related activities and lifestyle from individual patterns of dentognathic alterations. The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 million years ago, offers a unique opportunity to study in vivo changes in the dentognathic system of individuals belonging to a single paleodeme of early Homo. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyze dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi sample, and in comparative samples of modern Australian and Greenlander hunter-gatherer populations, applying clinical protocols of dentognathic diagnostics. RESULTS The Dmanisi hominins exhibit a similarly wide diversity and similar incidence of dentognathic pathologies as the modern human hunter-gatherer population samples investigated here. Dmanisi differs from the modern population samples in several respects: At young age tooth wear is already advanced, and pathologies are more prevalent. At old age, hypercementosis is substantial. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that dentognathic pathologies and disease trajectories are largely similar in early Homo and modern humans, but that the disease load was higher in early Homo, probably as an effect of higher overall stress on the dentognathic system. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:229-253, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Margvelashvili
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland.,Georgian National Museum, Purtseladze 3, Tbilisi, 0105, Georgia
| | - Christoph P E Zollikofer
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des martyrs, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Marcia S Ponce de León
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
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23
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Agarwal SC. Bone morphologies and histories: Life course approaches in bioarchaeology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 159:S130-49. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina C. Agarwal
- Department of Anthropology; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720-3710
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24
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Kühnisch J, Lauenstein A, Pitchika V, McGlynn G, Staskiewicz A, Hickel R, Grupe G. Was molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) present in archaeological case series? Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2387-2393. [PMID: 26780019 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With respect to the unknown aetiology of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), it is unclear whether this phenomenon was overlooked in the last century as a result of a high number of caries in children or if this developmental disorder was not present until then. Therefore, this study determined the presence of MIH in historical dentitions and teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental remains from late medieval (n = 191, twelfth-sixteenth century, Regensburg, Germany), post-medieval (n = 33, sixteenth-eighteenth century, Passau, Germany) and modern age archaeological skeletal series (n = 99, nineteenth-twentieth century, Altdorf, Germany) were examined for MIH. In addition, linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), diffuse opacities, hypoplasia and Turner's teeth were documented. RESULTS MIH-related demarcated opacities or enamel breakdowns were found in only 15 (0.4 %) of the 3891 examined permanent teeth. Ten cases (3.1 %) from a total of 323 dentitions were classified as having MIH. In contrast, 98 individuals (30.3 %) showed LEH. Other enamel disorders were recorded in 64 individuals (19.8 %). CONCLUSION With respect to the low number of affected dentitions and teeth, MIH most likely did not exist or was at least rarely present in the investigated archaeological case series. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study supports the hypothesis that MIH may be linked to contemporary living conditions or other health-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kühnisch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anne Lauenstein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vinay Pitchika
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - George McGlynn
- Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Staskiewicz
- Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Grupe
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Hupková A, Šáliová S, Králík M, Malček R. Nejsou čáry jako čáry: inkrementální linie v mikrostruktuře zubů a jejich využití při analýze kosterních nálezů. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5817/sab2016-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Possible Further Evidence of Low Genetic Diversity in the El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) Neandertal Group: Congenital Clefts of the Atlas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136550. [PMID: 26418427 PMCID: PMC4587856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here the first cases in Neandertals of congenital clefts of the arch of the atlas. Two atlases from El Sidrón, northern Spain, present respectively a defect of the posterior (frequency in extant modern human populations ranging from 0.73% to 3.84%), and anterior (frequency in extant modern human populations ranging from 0.087% to 0.1%) arch, a condition in most cases not associated with any clinical manifestation. The fact that two out of three observable atlases present a low frequency congenital condition, together with previously reported evidence of retained deciduous mandibular canine in two out of ten dentitions from El Sidrón, supports the previous observation based on genetic evidence that these Neandertals constituted a group with close genetic relations. Some have proposed for humans and other species that the presence of skeletal congenital conditions, although without clinical significance, could be used as a signal of endogamy or inbreeding. In the present case this interpretation would fit the general scenario of high incidence of rare conditions among Pleistocene humans and the specific scenariothat emerges from Neandertal paleogenetics, which points to long-term small and decreasing population size with reduced and isolated groups. Adverse environmental factors affecting early pregnancies would constitute an alternative, non-exclusive, explanation for a high incidence of congenital conditions. Further support or rejection of these interpretations will come from new genetic and skeletal evidence from Neandertal remains.
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Oliveira RE, Neves WA. Oral health in prehistoric San Pedro de Atacama oases, Northern Chile. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:492-507. [PMID: 26253130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
After almost 2000 years of local development, including limited trading with neighboring ethnic groups, the societies that occupied the oases of San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile, became part of the trade web of the Tiwanaku empire, between 500 and 1000 CE. Archaeological evidence tends to support the idea that the period under the influence of the altiplano (high plane) empire was very affluent. Here we investigate the possibility that this affluence had a positive impact on the health status of the Atacameneans, using the oral health as an indirect indicator of quality of life. Dental decay, dental abscess, dental wear, linear enamel hypoplasia, periodontal disease and dental calculus were analyzed on 371 skeletons from 12 sites from San Pedro de Atacama oases. We believe that if, indeed, there were better biological conditions during the altiplano influence, this could have been caused by the access to a more diversified food intake promoted by the intensification of the trading network established by Tiwanaku in the central-south Andes, of which San Pedro de Atacama became an important node.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, sala 218, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - W A Neves
- Laboratório de Estudos Evolutivos Humanos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, sala 218, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
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Smith TM, Boesch C. Developmental defects in the teeth of three wild chimpanzees from the Taï forest. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:556-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M. Smith
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02138
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Department of Primatology; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig D-04103 Germany
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Fiorenza L, Benazzi S, Henry AG, Salazar-García DC, Blasco R, Picin A, Wroe S, Kullmer O. To meat or not to meat? New perspectives on Neanderthal ecology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156 Suppl 59:43-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiorenza
- Earth Sciences, University of New England; Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage; University of Bologna; Ravenna 48121 Italy
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Amanda G. Henry
- Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Domingo C. Salazar-García
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Department of Archaeology; University of Cape Town; 7700 Rondebosch South Africa
- Department de Prehistòria i Arqueologia; Universitat de València; Valencia 46010 Spain
| | - Ruth Blasco
- The Gibraltar Museum, 18-20 Bomb House Lane; PO Box 939 Gibraltar
| | - Andrea Picin
- Department of Prehistory and Early History; Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena; Jena 07743 Germany
- Neanderthal Museum; Mettmann 40822 Germany
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES); Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Stephen Wroe
- Zoology, University of New England; Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Ottmar Kullmer
- Senckenberg Research Institute; 60325 Frankfurt am Main Hessen Germany
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Plasticity and constraint in response to early-life stressors among late/final jomon period foragers from Japan: Evidence for life history trade-offs from incremental microstructures of enamel. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:537-45. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Temple DH, Bazaliiskii VI, Goriunova OI, Weber AW. Skeletal growth in early and late Neolithic foragers from the Cis-Baikal region of Eastern Siberia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 153:377-86. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Temple
- Department of Anthropology; University of North Carolina Wilmington; Wilmington NC 28403-5907
| | | | - Olga I. Goriunova
- Department of Geoarchaeology; Irkutsk State University; Irkutsk 664003 Russia
| | - Andrzej W. Weber
- Department of Anthropology; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G 2H4 Canada
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Temple DH, McGroarty JN, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Nakatsukasa M, Matsumura H. A comparative study of stress episode prevalence and duration among Jomon period foragers from Hokkaido. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 152:230-8. [PMID: 23996633 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study reconstructs linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) prevalence and stress episode duration among Jomon period foragers from Hokkaido, Japan (HKJ). Results are compared to Jomon period samples from coastal Honshu, Japan (HSJ) and Tigara Inupiat from Point Hope, Alaska (PHT) to provide a more comprehensive perspective on the manifestation of stress among circum-Pacific foragers. LEH were identified macro- and microscopically by enamel surface depressions and increased perikymata spacing within defects. Individuals with more than one anterior tooth affected by LEH were labeled as LEH positive. Stress episode durations were estimated by counting the number of perikymata within the occlusal wall of each LEH and multiplying that number by constants reflecting modal periodicities for modern human teeth. LEH prevalence and stress episode duration did not differ significantly between the two Jomon samples. Significantly greater frequencies of LEH were found in HKJ as compared to PHT foragers. However, HKJ foragers had significantly shorter stress episode durations as compared to PHT. This suggests that a greater proportion of HKJ individuals experienced stress episodes than did PHT individuals, but these stress events ended sooner. Similarity in stress experiences between the two Jomon samples and differences between the HKJ and PHT are found. These findings are important for two reasons. First, stress experiences of foraging populations differ markedly and cannot be generalized by subsistence strategy alone. Second, due to significant differences in episode duration, stress experiences cannot be understood using prevalence comparisons alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Temple
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403-5907
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Monge J, Kricun M, Radovčić J, Radovčić D, Mann A, Frayer DW. Fibrous dysplasia in a 120,000+ year old Neandertal from Krapina, Croatia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64539. [PMID: 23755126 PMCID: PMC3673952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the first definitive case of a fibrous dysplastic neoplasm in a Neandertal rib (120.71) from the site of Krapina in present-day Croatia. The tumor predates other evidence for these kinds of tumor by well over 100,000 years. Tumors of any sort are a rare occurrence in recent archaeological periods or in living primates, but especially in the human fossil record. Several studies have surveyed bone diseases in past human populations and living primates and fibrous dysplasias occur in a low incidence. Within the class of bone tumors of the rib, fibrous dysplasia is present in living humans at a higher frequency than other bone tumors. The bony features leading to our diagnosis are described in detail. In living humans effects of the neoplasm present a broad spectrum of symptoms, from asymptomatic to debilitating. Given the incomplete nature of this rib and the lack of associated skeletal elements, we resist commenting on the health effects the tumor had on the individual. Yet, the occurrence of this neoplasm shows that at least one Neandertal suffered a common bone tumor found in modern humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Monge
- University of Pennsylvania Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Morrie Kricun
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | - Alan Mann
- Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - David W. Frayer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
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Skinner MF, Skinner MM, Boesch C. Developmental defects of the dental crown in chimpanzees from the Taï National Park, Côte D'ivoire: Coronal waisting. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:272-82. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Barrett CK, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Sciulli PW. Revisiting dental fluctuating asymmetry in neandertals and modern humans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:193-204. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Guatelli-Steinberg D, Ferrell RJ, Spence J. Linear enamel hypoplasia as an indicator of physiological stress in great apes: Reviewing the evidence in light of enamel growth variation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 148:191-204. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Des nouveaux vestiges néanderthaliens à Las Pélénos (Monsempron-Libos, Lot-et-Garonne, France). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13219-011-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ecogeographic variation in Neandertal dietary habits: Evidence from occlusal molar microwear texture analysis. J Hum Evol 2011; 61:411-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fabre V, Condemi S, Degioanni A, Herrscher E. Neanderthals versus Modern Humans: Evidence for Resource Competition from Isotopic Modelling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2011; 2011:689315. [PMID: 21941674 PMCID: PMC3175406 DOI: 10.4061/2011/689315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
During later MOIS3, in Europe two populations were present, autochthonous Neanderthals and modern humans. Ecological competition between these two populations has often been evoked but never demonstrated. Our aim is to establish whether resource competition occurred. In this paper, in order to examine the possibility of ecological competition between these two populations, 599 isotopic data were subjected to rigorous statistical treatment and analysis through mixing models. The aim of this paper was to compare dietary strategies of Neanderthals and modern humans over time. Our conclusions suggest that Neanderthals and modern humans shared dietary habits in the particular environmental context of MOIS3 characterised in Europe by climatic deterioration. In this environmental context, the resource competition between Neanderthals and modern humans may have accelerated the disappearance of the Neanderthal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Fabre
- Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Bioculturelle, UMR 6578 CNRS/Université de la Méditerranée/EFS, Faculté de Médecine-Secteur Nord, Université de la Méditerranée, CS80011 Bd Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille Cedex 15, France
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Velazco PM, Simmons NB. Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the GenusVampyrodesThomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2011. [DOI: 10.1206/3710.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zheng L, Papagerakis S, Schnell SD, Hoogerwerf WA, Papagerakis P. Expression of clock proteins in developing tooth. Gene Expr Patterns 2011; 11:202-6. [PMID: 21156215 PMCID: PMC3073654 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and functional changes during ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation suggest that enamel and dentin formation is under circadian control. Circadian rhythms are endogenous self-sustained oscillations with periods of 24h that control diverse physiological and metabolic processes. Mammalian clock genes play a key role in synchronizing circadian functions in many organs. However, close to nothing is known on clock genes expression during tooth development. In this work, we investigated the expression of four clock genes during tooth development. Our results showed that circadian clock genes Bmal1, clock, per1, and per2 mRNAs were detected in teeth by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry showed that clock protein expression was first detected in teeth at the bell stage (E17), being expressed in EOE and dental papilla cells. At post-natal day four (PN4), all four clock proteins continued to be expressed in teeth but with different intensities, being strongly expressed within the nucleus of ameloblasts and odontoblasts and down-regulated in dental pulp cells. Interestingly, at PN21 incisor, expression of clock proteins was down-regulated in odontoblasts of the crown-analogue side but expression was persisting in root-analogue side odontoblasts. In contrast, both crown and root odontoblasts were strongly stained for all four clock proteins in first molars at PN21. Within the periodontal ligament (PDL) space, epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) showed the strongest expression among other PDL cells. Our data suggests that clock genes might be involved in the regulation of ameloblast and odontoblast functions, such as enamel and dentin protein secretion and matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Santiago D. Schnell
- Brehm Center for Type 1 Diabetes & Analysis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Late Pleistocene adult mortality patterns and modern human establishment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:1267-71. [PMID: 21220336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1018700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of modern humans in the Late Pleistocene, subsequent to their emergence in eastern Africa, is likely to have involved substantial population increases, during their initial dispersal across southern Asia and their subsequent expansions throughout Africa and into more northern Eurasia. An assessment of younger (20-40 y) versus older (>40 y) adult mortality distributions for late archaic humans (principally Neandertals) and two samples of early modern humans (Middle Paleolithic and earlier Upper Paleolithic) provides little difference across the samples. All three Late Pleistocene samples have a dearth of older individuals compared with Holocene ethnographic/historical samples. They also lack older adults compared with Holocene paleodemographic profiles that have been critiqued for having too few older individuals for subsistence, social, and demographic viability. Although biased, probably through a combination of preservation, age assessment, and especially Pleistocene mobility requirements, these adult mortality distributions suggest low life expectancy and demographic instability across these Late Pleistocene human groups. They indicate only subtle and paleontologically invisible changes in human paleodemographics with the establishment of modern humans; they provide no support for a life history advantage among early modern humans.
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Floyd B, Littleton J. Linear enamel hypoplasia and growth in an Australian Aboriginal community: Not so small, but not so healthy either. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 33:424-43. [PMID: 17060067 DOI: 10.1080/03014460600748184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While much is strongly suspected about synergisms linking courses of growth and development with nutrient intakes, immune function, disease exposures, and energy expenditures, debates remain regarding the probability of permanent impairments to growth and function under various circumstances. AIM This study tests a series of related hypotheses in an attempt to reconcile evidence of increasing physiological stress among Warlpiri and Pintubi infants and young children following settlement in the 1940s with their frequently rapid and undelayed longitudinal growth in stature during adolescence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study used archived cross-sectional and longitudinal records of stature, weight, and dental casts collected by the Dental School at the University of Adelaide beginning in 1951 at the then recently settled community of Yuendumu. Longitudinal modelling of height data and all statistical tests were accomplished using SYSTAT 10. Height, weight, and BMI (kg m-2) for age z-scores were calculated using NCHS reference data. Dental casts were scored for linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) with each defect assigned to an enamel developmental unit. The extent of height catch-up was estimated using conditional height gain. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses indicate significant associations between birth year and women's heights (n = 105, p = 0.02) or height for age z-scores (p = 0.003), but no similar associations among men. Final height for age z-score was significantly associated with sex (p < 0.0005), onset (p = 0.031), and an onset by number of enamel defects interaction (p = 0.033). Late adolescent height z-scores were only significantly negatively associated with increasing numbers of defects among individuals with enamel defects appearing prior to about 18 months of age (n = 60, p = 0.019). With longitudinally estimated age at peak height velocity (APHV) statistically controlled, peak height velocity (PHV) was similarly significantly positively associated with conditional height gain in males (n = 50, p = 0.01) and females (n = 31, p = 0.05). Exploratory analyses suggest that with timing and intensity of PHV controlled, childhood body mass was only significantly positively associated with catch-up in height among those who experienced defect onset relatively early (n = 80, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Results help explain previously documented, and apparently contradictory, outcomes of settlement processes. Rapid and relatively undelayed late childhood and adolescent growth associated with catch-up in height occurred through a confluence of increasing early childhood systemic stress followed by increases in net energy consumption that probably increased as children aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Floyd
- Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Hubbard A, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Sciulli PW. Under restrictive conditions, can the widths of linear enamel hypoplasias be used as relative indicators of stress episode duration? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 138:177-89. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Bocaege E, Humphrey L, Hillson S. Technical note: A new three-dimensional technique for high resolution quantitative recording of perikymata. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 141:498-503. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Growth and Development of the Nariokotome Youth, KNM-WT 15000. VERTEBRATE PALEOBIOLOGY AND PALEOANTHROPOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9980-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Griffin RC, Donlon D. Patterns in dental enamel hypoplasia by sex and age at death in two archaeological populations. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 54 Suppl 1:S93-100. [PMID: 18990363 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Levels of enamel hypoplasia in past populations are frequently used to study health. However, few studies have looked at patterning in the occurrence of different types of hypoplasia. In this pilot study, skeletal remains from an Iron Age tomb at Pella in Jordan were analysed for the presence of linear and pit enamel hypoplasia, to investigate enamel hypoplasia aetiology by comparison of the results obtained for adults and juveniles, and females and males. METHODS AND RESULTS The proportion of individuals with enamel hypoplasia was determined for males and females and for adults and juveniles using the F.D.I. Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) Index. Although males and females had a similar percentage of individuals affected, females had a higher prevalence of enamel hypoplasia per tooth than males. Adults had a higher prevalence of enamel hypoplasia than juveniles. In particular, adults had a higher prevalence of linear enamel hypoplasias and pit enamel hypoplasia arrays, but a similar prevalence of single pit enamel hypoplasia when both the permanent and deciduous dentitions were considered. These differences were largely due to different patterns and frequencies of enamel hypoplasia in deciduous teeth compared to permanent teeth. CONCLUSIONS The different patterns of occurrence of the various forms of hypoplasia observed in this study imply that single pits may have a different aetiology to linear enamel hypoplasias and pit arrays. By investigating similar patterns in other archaeological populations, we may develop a better understanding of the specific causes of particular types of enamel hypoplasia, and may be able to more meaningfully interpret enamel hypoplasia data from past populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Griffin
- School of Dental Sciences, Edwards Building, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK.
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Trinkaus E, Maley B, Buzhilova AP. Brief communication: Paleopathology of the Kiik-Koba 1 Neandertal. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 137:106-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Witzel C, Kierdorf U, Schultz M, Kierdorf H. Insights from the inside: Histological analysis of abnormal enamel microstructure associated with hypoplastic enamel defects in human teeth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 136:400-14. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Although it appeared relatively suddenly, the current obesity epidemic - largely manifest in industrialized societies but now spreading to the rest of the world - is the result of interaction between human biology and human culture over the long period of human evolution. As mammals and primates, humans have the capacity to store body fat when opportunities to consume excess energy arise. But during the millions of years of human evolution such opportunities were rare and transient. More commonly ancestral hominins and modern humans were confronted with food scarcity and had to engage in high levels of physical activity. In tandem with encephalization, humans evolved elaborate and complex genetic and physiological systems to protect against starvation and defend stored body fat. They also devised technological aids for increasing energy consumption and reducing physical effort. In the last century, industrialization provided access to great quantities of mass-produced, high-calorie foods and many labour-saving and transportation devices, virtually abolishing starvation and heavy manual work. In the modern obesogenic environment, individuals possessing the appropriate combination of ancestral energy-conserving genes are at greater risk for overweight and obesity and associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bellisari
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
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