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Seghi F, Sorrentino R, Bailey SE, Piccirilli E, Vazzana A, Bortolini E, Higgins OA, Marciani G, Orlando MA, Spinapolice EE, Moroni A, Benazzi S. Morphological and morphometric study of the hominin dental casts from Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C (Apulia, southern Italy). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 185:e24998. [PMID: 39032165 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C (Apulia, southern Italy) is a pivotal site for investigating the evolution of the Middle Paleolithic and the earliest phases of the Upper Paleolithic in southern Italy, as the extensive stratigraphic record of this site includes a thick Mousterian sequence followed by the Uluzzian. Here, we investigate the taxonomic affinity of seven unpublished deciduous human teeth retrieved from the site of Uluzzo C in 1960. MATERIALS AND METHODS The teeth are represented by seven plaster dental casts, which are housed at the Museo Civico di Paleontologia e Paletnologia in Maglie (Lecce, Apulia). The location of the original specimens remains unknown, rendering these casts the only human remains evidence yielded by Uluzzo C to date. Based on occlusal-view photographs and digital models of the casts, we examined the external morphology and morphometry of the teeth, comparing them to Homo sapiens and H. neanderthalensis samples. Through geometric morphometric methods and statistical analyses, we analyzed the crown outline of the deciduous molars. RESULTS The teeth show morphological and morphometric features that are variably found in H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens, or both. Specifically, crown outline analysis shows that all molars fall within H. neanderthalensis variability, except for Uluzzo 853 (lower right deciduous first molar), which falls within H. sapiens variability. DISCUSSION This study provides the first taxonomic assessment of the hominin teeth from Uluzzo C. The results contribute additional insights into the Paleolithic peopling of southern Italy during a crucial period marked by the persistence of post-Tyrrhenian Neanderthal techno-complexes and the arrival of H. sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Seghi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Shara E Bailey
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Study of Human Origins, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Erica Piccirilli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bortolini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Owen A Higgins
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marciani
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, R.U. of Prehistory and Anthropology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Medica A Orlando
- Museo Civico di Paleontologia e Paletnologia "Decio de Lorentiis", Maglie, Lecce, Italy
| | - Enza E Spinapolice
- Department of Ancient World Studies, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Moroni
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, R.U. of Prehistory and Anthropology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centro Studi sul Quaternario, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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Kenessey DE, Stojanowski CM, Paul KS. Evaluating predictions of the patterning cascade model of crown morphogenesis in the human lower mixed and permanent dentition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304455. [PMID: 38935640 PMCID: PMC11210800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The patterning cascade model of crown morphogenesis has been studied extensively in a variety of organisms to elucidate the evolutionary history surrounding postcanine tooth form. The current research is the first to use a large modern human sample to examine whether the crown configuration of lower deciduous and permanent molars aligns with expectations derived from the model. This study has two main goals: 1) to determine if metameric and antimeric pairs significantly differ in size, accessory trait expression, and relative intercusp spacing, and 2) assess whether the relative distance among early-forming cusps accounts for observed variation in accessory cusp expression. METHODS Tooth size, intercusp distance, and morphological trait expression data were collected from 3D scans of mandibular dental casts representing participants of the Harvard Solomon Islands Project. Paired tests were utilized to compare tooth size, accessory trait expression, and relative intercusp distance between diphyodont metameres and permanent antimeres. Proportional odds logistic regression was implemented to investigate how the odds of greater accessory cusp expression vary as a function of the distance between early-developing cusps. RESULTS/SIGNIFICANCE Comparing paired molars, significant differences were identified for tooth size and cusp 5 expression. Several relative intercusp distances emerged as important predictors of cusp 6 expression, however, results for cusp 5 and cusp 7 did not match expected patterns. These findings support previous quantitative genetic results and suggest the development of neighboring crown structures represents a zero-sum partitioning of cellular territory and resources. As such, this study contributes to a better understanding of the foundations of deciduous and permanent molar crown variation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori E. Kenessey
- Department of Anthropology, U niversity of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kathleen S. Paul
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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Hernaiz-García M, Zanolli C, Martín-Francés L, Mazurier A, Benazzi S, Sarig R, Fu J, Kullmer O, Fiorenza L. Masticatory habits of the adult Neanderthal individual BD 1 from La Chaise-de-Vouthon (France). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24926. [PMID: 38420653 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The analysis of dental wear provides a useful approach for dietary and cultural habit reconstructions of past human populations. The analysis of macrowear patterns can also be used to better understand the individual chewing behavior and to investigate the biomechanical responses during different biting scenarios. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diet and chewing performance of the adult Neanderthal Bourgeois-Delaunay 1 (BD 1) and to investigate the relationship between wear and cementum deposition under mechanical demands. MATERIALS AND METHODS The macrowear pattern of BD 1 was analyzed using the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. We propose a new method for the bilateral measurement of the cementum volume along both buccal and lingual sides of the molar root. RESULTS BD 1's anterior dentition is more affected by wear compared to the posterior one. The macrowear pattern suggest a normal chewing behavior and a mixed-diet coming from temperate environments. The teeth on the left side of the mandible display greater levels of wear, as well as the buccal side of the molar crowns. The cementum analysis shows higher buccal volume along the molar roots. DISCUSSION BD1 could have been preferably chewing on the left side of the mandible. The exploitation of various food resources suggested by the macrowear analysis is compatible with the environmental reconstructions. Finally, the greater wear on the buccal side of the molar occlusal surface and the greater volume of cementum in that side of the molar roots offers a preliminary understanding about the potential correlation between dental wear and cementum deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Hernaiz-García
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paleobiology, CENIEH, Burgos, Spain
| | - Arnaud Mazurier
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers-IC2MP, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ottmar Kullmer
- Division of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Palaeobiology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luca Fiorenza
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Massé L, d’Incau E, Souron A, Vanderesse N, Santos F, Maureille B, Le Cabec A. Unraveling the Life History of Past Populations through Hypercementosis: Insights into Cementum Apposition Patterns and Possible Etiologies Using Micro-CT and Confocal Microscopy. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:43. [PMID: 38248474 PMCID: PMC10813066 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The "teeth-as-tools" hypothesis posits that Neanderthals used their anterior teeth as a tool or a third hand for non-dietary purposes. These non- or para-masticatory activities (e.g., tool-making or food preparation prior to ingestion) have also been described in other past and extant human populations, and other Primates. Cementum is the mineralized tissue that covers the tooth root surface and anchors it to the alveolar bone. Under certain conditions (e.g., mechanical stress, infection), its production becomes excessive (i.e., beyond the physiological state) and is called 'hypercementosis'. Several studies in dental anthropology have established a correlation between the teeth-as-tools and hypercementosis. The present work aims to characterize the different patterns of cementum apposition on archeological teeth and discuss their supposed etiology. Using microtomography and confocal microscopy, the patterns of cementum apposition (i.e., thickness, location, and surface characteristics) were analyzed in 35 hypercementotic teeth (Sains-en-Gohelle, France; 7th-17th c. A.D.). Four groups were identified with distinct hypercementosis patterns: (1) impacted, (2) infected, (3) hypofunctional, and (4) hyperfunctional teeth. Characterizing hypercementosis can contribute to documenting the oral health status (paleopathology) and/or masticatory activity of individuals, even from isolated teeth. This has implications for the study of fossil hominins, particularly Neanderthals, known for their use of anterior teeth as tools and frequent and substantial occurrence of hypercementosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Massé
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR 5199, F-33600 Pessac, France; (A.S.); (N.V.); (F.S.); (B.M.); (A.L.C.)
- UFR des Sciences Odontologiques de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
- University Hospital, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel d’Incau
- UFR des Sciences Odontologiques de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
- University Hospital, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Souron
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR 5199, F-33600 Pessac, France; (A.S.); (N.V.); (F.S.); (B.M.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Nicolas Vanderesse
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR 5199, F-33600 Pessac, France; (A.S.); (N.V.); (F.S.); (B.M.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Frédéric Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR 5199, F-33600 Pessac, France; (A.S.); (N.V.); (F.S.); (B.M.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Bruno Maureille
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR 5199, F-33600 Pessac, France; (A.S.); (N.V.); (F.S.); (B.M.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Adeline Le Cabec
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR 5199, F-33600 Pessac, France; (A.S.); (N.V.); (F.S.); (B.M.); (A.L.C.)
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Vidal-Cordasco M, Terlato G, Ocio D, Marín-Arroyo AB. Neanderthal coexistence with Homo sapiens in Europe was affected by herbivore carrying capacity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi4099. [PMID: 37738342 PMCID: PMC10516502 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that climate change and the arrival of modern humans in Europe affected the disappearance of Neanderthals due to their impact on trophic resources; however, it has remained challenging to quantify the effect of these factors. By using Bayesian age models to derive the chronology of the European Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, followed by a dynamic vegetation model that provides the Net Primary Productivity, and a macroecological model to compute herbivore abundance, we show that in continental regions where the ecosystem productivity was low or unstable, Neanderthals disappeared before or just after the arrival of Homo sapiens. In contrast, regions with high and stable productivity witnessed a prolonged coexistence between both species. The temporal overlap between Neanderthals and H. sapiens is significantly correlated with the carrying capacity of small- and medium-sized herbivores. These results suggest that herbivore abundance released the trophic pressure of the secondary consumers guild, which affected the coexistence likelihood between both human species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vidal-Cordasco
- Grupo I+D+i EvoAdapta (Evolución Humana y Adaptaciones durante la Prehistoria), Dpto. Ciencias Históricas, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd, Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Gabriele Terlato
- Grupo I+D+i EvoAdapta (Evolución Humana y Adaptaciones durante la Prehistoria), Dpto. Ciencias Históricas, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd, Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - David Ocio
- Mott MacDonald Ltd., 22 Station Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana B. Marín-Arroyo
- Grupo I+D+i EvoAdapta (Evolución Humana y Adaptaciones durante la Prehistoria), Dpto. Ciencias Históricas, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd, Los Castros 44, 39005 Santander, Spain
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Gicqueau A, Schuh A, Henrion J, Viola B, Partiot C, Guillon M, Golovanova L, Doronichev V, Gunz P, Hublin JJ, Maureille B. Anatomically modern human in the Châtelperronian hominin collection from the Grotte du Renne (Arcy-sur-Cure, Northeast France). Sci Rep 2023; 13:12682. [PMID: 37542146 PMCID: PMC10403518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 42,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans appeared in Western Europe to the detriment of indigenous Neanderthal groups. It is during this period that new techno-cultural complexes appear, such as the Châtelperronian that extends from northern Spain to the Paris Basin. The Grotte du Renne (Arcy-sur-Cure) is a key site for discussing the biological identity of its makers. This deposit has yielded several Neanderthal human remains in its Châtelperronian levels. However, the last inventory of the paleoanthropological collection attributed to this techno-complex allowed the identification of an ilium belonging to a neonate (AR-63) whose morphology required a thorough analysis to assess its taxonomic attribution. Using geometric morphometrics, we quantified its morphology and compared it to that of 2 Neanderthals and 32 recent individuals deceased during the perinatal period to explore their morphological variation. Our results indicate a morphological distinction between the ilia of Neanderthals and anatomically modern neonates. Although AR-63 is slightly outside recent variability, it clearly differs from the Neanderthals. We propose that this is due to its belonging to an early modern human lineage whose morphology differs slightly from present-day humans. We also explore different hypotheses about the presence of this anatomically modern neonate ilium among Neanderthal remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gicqueau
- Univ. de Toulouse Jean Jaurès, CNRS, Ministère de La Culture, TRACES, UMR5608 CNRS, F-31058, Toulouse, France.
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR5199, F-33600, Pessac, France.
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionnary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schuh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR5199, F-33600, Pessac, France
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliette Henrion
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR5199, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Bence Viola
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Caroline Partiot
- Austrian Archaeological Institute (OeAI) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Franz Klein-Gasse 1, 1190, Wien/Vienna, Austria
- Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Eco-Anthropologie, UMR7206, F-Paris, France
| | - Mark Guillon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR5199, F-33600, Pessac, France
- Inrap, Boulevard de Verdun, F-76120, Le Grand Quevilly, France
| | | | | | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionnary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Chaire Internationale de Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France, F-75231, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Maureille
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, PACEA, UMR5199, F-33600, Pessac, France.
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Henrion J, Hublin JJ, Maureille B. New Neanderthal remains from the Châtelperronian-attributed layer X of the Grotte du Renne (Arcy-sur-Cure, France). J Hum Evol 2023; 181:103402. [PMID: 37379741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Henrion
- PACEA UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Ministère de la Culture, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Paléoanthropologie, CIRB (UMR 7241-U1050), Collège de France, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Maureille
- PACEA UMR 5199, Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Ministère de la Culture, 33600, Pessac, France
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Insights into the aetiologies of hypercementosis: A systematic review and a scoring system. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105599. [PMID: 36495812 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper aims to better define hypercementosis, investigate its described potential aetiologies, and determine whether there are different patterns of cementum apposition and if they are a function of their supposed aetiology. DESIGN A literature review was undertaken using the Medline, DOSS, Scopus and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Two co-authors selected the published works independently, extracted the data in accordance with the PRISMA statement. RESULTS Among 546 articles, 75 articles were finally selected. Eight different supposed aetiologies were identified: (1) intensive masticatory effort, (2) systemic disease, (3) carious lesion and apical periodontitis, (4) impaction, (5) periodontal disease, (6) concrescence, (7) super-eruption, and (8) drugs. Some of these aetiologies can be combined in the same tooth. Hypercementosis manifestations are various in nature and extent with different patterns that may be aetiology-specific. To improve the description and associated consistency in the characterisation of hypercementosis, in this review but also in future studies, we propose a new qualitative scoring system to quickly characterise hypercementosis and determine its most relevant aetiology. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates that hypercementosis is a complex and not yet well-defined condition. Some forms of apposition are specific to a given aetiology. The hypercementosis characterisation may contribute to document the oral condition and/or the individuals masticatory activity.
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Djakovic I, Key A, Soressi M. Optimal linear estimation models predict 1400-2900 years of overlap between Homo sapiens and Neandertals prior to their disappearance from France and northern Spain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15000. [PMID: 36229473 PMCID: PMC9561710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent fossil discoveries suggest that Neandertals and Homo sapiens may have co-existed in Europe for as long as 5 to 6000 years. Yet, evidence for their contemporaneity at any regional scale remains highly elusive. In France and northern Spain, a region which features some of the latest directly-dated Neandertals in Europe, Protoaurignacian assemblages attributed to Homo sapiens appear to ‘replace’ Neandertal-associated Châtelperronian assemblages. Using the earliest and latest known occurrences as starting points, Bayesian modelling has provided indication that these occupations may in fact have been partly contemporaneous. The reality, however, is that we are unlikely to ever identify the ‘first’ or ‘last’ appearance of a species or cultural tradition in the archaeological and fossil record. Here, we use optimal linear estimation modelling to estimate the first appearance date of Homo sapiens and the extinction date of Neandertals in France and northern Spain by statistically inferring these ‘missing’ portions of the Protoaurignacian and Châtelperronian archaeological records. Additionally, we estimate the extinction date of Neandertals in this region using a dataset of directly-dated Neandertal fossil remains. Our total dataset consists of sixty-six modernly produced radiocarbon determinations which we recalibrated using the newest calibration curve (IntCal20) to produce updated age ranges. The results suggest that the onset of the Homo sapiens occupation of this region likely preceded the extinction of Neandertals and the Châtelperronian by up to 1400–2900 years. This reaffirms the Bayesian-derived duration of co-existence between these groups during the initial Upper Palaeolithic of this region using a novel independent method, and indicates that our understanding of the timing of these occupations may not be suffering from substantial gaps in the record. Whether or not this co-existence featured some form of direct interaction, however, remains to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Djakovic
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Alastair Key
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Marie Soressi
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Andreeva TV, Manakhov AD, Gusev FE, Patrikeev AD, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB, Shirobokov IG, Rogaev EI. Genomic analysis of a novel Neanderthal from Mezmaiskaya Cave provides insights into the genetic relationships of Middle Palaeolithic populations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13016. [PMID: 35906446 PMCID: PMC9338269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mezmaiskaya cave is located on the North Caucasus near the border that divides Europe and Asia. Previously, fossil remains for two Neanderthals were reported from Mezmaiskaya Cave. A tooth from the third archaic hominin specimen (Mezmaiskaya 3) was retrieved from layer 3 in Mezmaiskaya Cave. We performed genome sequencing of Mezmaiskaya 3. Analysis of partial nuclear genome sequence revealed that it belongs to a Homo sapiens neanderthalensis female. Based on a high-coverage mitochondrial genome sequence, we demonstrated that the relationships of Mezmaiskaya 3 to Mezmaiskaya 1 and Stajnia S5000 individuals were closer than those to other Neanderthals. Our data demonstrate the close genetic connections between the early Middle Palaeolithic Neanderthals that were replaced by genetically distant later group in the same geographic areas. Based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data, we suggest that Mezmaiskaya 3 was the latest Neanderthal individual from the early Neanderthal’s branches. We proposed a hierarchical nomenclature for the mtDNA haplogroups of Neanderthals. In addition, we retrieved ancestral mtDNA mutations in presumably functional sites fixed in the Neanderthal clades, and also provided the first data showing mtDNA heteroplasmy in Neanderthal specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Andreeva
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia, 354340. .,Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119333. .,Faculty of Biology, Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119192.
| | - Andrey D Manakhov
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia, 354340.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119333.,Faculty of Biology, Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119192
| | - Fedor E Gusev
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia, 354340.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119333.,Faculty of Biology, Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119192
| | - Anton D Patrikeev
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119333
| | | | | | - Ivan G Shirobokov
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, 199034
| | - Evgeny I Rogaev
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia, 354340. .,Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119333. .,Faculty of Biology, Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119192. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01604, USA.
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11
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Hershkovitz I, May H, Sarig R, Pokhojaev A, Grimaud-Hervé D, Bruner E, Fornai C, Quam R, Arsuaga JL, Krenn VA, Martinón-Torres M, de Castro JMB, Martín-Francés L, Slon V, Albessard-Ball L, Vialet A, Schüler T, Manzi G, Profico A, Di Vincenzo F, Weber GW, Zaidner Y. A Middle Pleistocene
Homo
from Nesher Ramla, Israel. Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hershkovitz
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hila May
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Oral Biology, the Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Pokhojaev
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Oral Biology, the Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dominique Grimaud-Hervé
- UMR7194, HNHP, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, Paris, France
| | - Emiliano Bruner
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution), Burgos, Spain
| | - Cinzia Fornai
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Quam
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Geodináica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viktoria A. Krenn
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Martinón-Torres
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution), Burgos, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution), Burgos, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- CENIEH (National Research Center on Human Evolution), Burgos, Spain
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Viviane Slon
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, the Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lou Albessard-Ball
- UMR7194, HNHP, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, Paris, France
- PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Amélie Vialet
- UMR7194, HNHP, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, Paris, France
| | - Tim Schüler
- Thuringian State Office for the Preservation of Historical Monuments and Archaeology Weimar, Germany
| | - Giorgio Manzi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Profico
- PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Vincenzo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Gerhard W. Weber
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yossi Zaidner
- Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
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12
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Compton T, Skinner MM, Humphrey L, Pope M, Bates M, Davies TW, Parfitt SA, Plummer WP, Scott B, Shaw A, Stringer C. The morphology of the Late Pleistocene hominin remains from the site of La Cotte de St Brelade, Jersey (Channel Islands). J Hum Evol 2021; 152:102939. [PMID: 33517134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen permanent fully erupted teeth were excavated at the Paleolithic site of La Cotte de St Brelade in Jersey in 1910 and 1911. These were all found in the same location, on a ledge behind a hearth in a Mousterian occupation level. They were originally identified as being Neanderthal. A fragment of occipital bone was found in a separate locality in a later season. Recent dating of adjacent sediments gives a probable age of <48 ka. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated description of the morphology of this material and consider its likely taxonomic assignment from comparison with Neanderthal and Homo sapiens samples. One of the original teeth has been lost, and we identify one as nonhominin. At least two adult individuals are represented. Cervix shape and the absence of common Neanderthal traits in several teeth suggest affinities with H. sapiens in both individuals, while crown and root dimensions and root morphology of all the teeth are entirely consistent with a Neanderthal attribution, pointing toward a possible shared Neanderthal and H. sapiens ancestry (the likely date of this material corresponds with the time in which both Neanderthals and H. sapiens were present in Europe). The occipital fragment is stratigraphically more recent and does not exhibit any diagnostic Neanderthal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Compton
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Matthew M Skinner
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Louise Humphrey
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Matthew Pope
- UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK
| | - Martin Bates
- Faculty of Humanities and Performing Arts, University of Wales Trinity St David, Lampeter, Ceredigion, SA48 7ED, UK
| | - Thomas W Davies
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon A Parfitt
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK; UCL Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK
| | - William P Plummer
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Beccy Scott
- The British Museum, Great Russell Street, London, WC1B 3DG, UK
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 6EB, UK
| | - Chris Stringer
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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13
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Nowaczewska W, Binkowski M, Benazzi S, Vazzana A, Nadachowski A, Stefaniak K, Żarski M, Talamo S, Compton T, Stringer CB, Hajdinjak M, Hublin JJ. New hominin teeth from Stajnia Cave, Poland. J Hum Evol 2021; 151:102929. [PMID: 33418451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Nowaczewska
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, Wrocław 51-148, Poland.
| | - Marcin Binkowski
- X-ray Microtomography Lab, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer and Materials Science, University of Silesia, Będzińska 39, Chorzów 41-200, Poland
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, Ravenna 48121, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, Ravenna 48121, Italy
| | - Adam Nadachowski
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, Kraków 31-016, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Stefaniak
- Department of Paleozoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław 50-335, Poland
| | - Marcin Żarski
- Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, Warsaw 00-975, Poland
| | - Sahra Talamo
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, Bologna 40126, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Tim Compton
- CHER, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Chris B Stringer
- CHER, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Mateja Hajdinjak
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany; International Chair of Paleoanthropology, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231, France
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14
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Martín-Francés L, Martinón-Torres M, Martínez de Pinillos M, Bayle P, Fernández-Colón P, García-Campos C, Modesto-Mata M, Carbonell E, Arsuaga JL, Bermúdez de Castro JM. Ectopic maxillary third molar in Early Pleistocene Homo antecessor from Atapuerca-Gran Dolina site (Burgos, Spain). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 171:733-741. [PMID: 31943140 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Here we describe the case of an ectopic maxillary third molar (M3 ), preventing the eruption of the M2 , in the individual H3 of the hominin hypodigm of level TD6.2 of the Early Pleistocene site of Gran Dolina (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). MATERIALS AND METHODS The fossil remains from the TD6.2 level of the Gran Dolina site (about 170 specimens) are assigned to Homo antecessor. Different geochronological methods place these hominins in the oxygen isotopic stage 21, between 0.8 and 0.85 million years ago (Ma). The immature individual H3 is represented by an almost complete midface (ATD6-69), preserving various teeth in situ. We used high-resolution microtomograhy (mCT) to investigate the abnormal position of the left M3 , virtually reconstruct M2 , and M3 as well as assessing the development stage of these. Finally, we compare this case with extinct and extant populations. RESULTS Based on the identified signs, we suggest that individual H3 suffered from a unilateral impaction of the M2 as a result of the ectopic position of the developing M3 . DISCUSSION We conclude that the most likely etiology for the ectopic position of the M3 is the lack of space in the maxilla. We discuss possible contributing factors, such as morphometric aspects of the maxilla and the early mineralization of the M3 , to support the M2 impaction. Finally, due to the early age at death of this individual we did not identify any secondary lesion associated with the M2 impaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Francés
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac, France.,Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain.,Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain.,Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Modesto-Mata
- Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de la Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Eudald Carbonell
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain.,IPHES, Lithic Technology Research Unit, Subsistence, Technology and Human Evolution research Group, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain.,Anthropology Department, University College London, London, UK
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15
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The dental remains from the Early Upper Paleolithic of Manot Cave, Israel. J Hum Evol 2019; 160:102648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Morales JI, Cebrià A, Burguet-Coca A, Fernández-Marchena JL, García-Argudo G, Rodríguez-Hidalgo A, Soto M, Talamo S, Tejero JM, Vallverdú J, Fullola JM. The Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition occupations from Cova Foradada (Calafell, NE Iberia). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215832. [PMID: 31095578 PMCID: PMC6522054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe covers the last millennia of Neanderthal life together with the appearance and expansion of Modern Human populations. Culturally, it is defined by the Late Middle Paleolithic succession, and by Early Upper Paleolithic complexes like the Châtelperronian (southwestern Europe), the Protoaurignacian, and the Early Aurignacian. Up to now, the southern boundary for the transition has been established as being situated between France and Iberia, in the Cantabrian façade and Pyrenees. According to this, the central and southern territories of Iberia are claimed to have been the refuge of the last Neanderthals for some additional millennia after they were replaced by anatomically Modern Humans on the rest of the continent. In this paper, we present the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition sequence from Cova Foradada (Tarragona), a cave on the Catalan Mediterranean coastline. Archaeological research has documented a stratigraphic sequence containing a succession of very short-term occupations pertaining to the Châtelperronian, Early Aurignacian, and Gravettian. Cova Foradada therefore represents the southernmost Châtelperronian-Early Aurignacian sequence ever documented in Europe, significantly enlarging the territorial distribution of both cultures and providing an important geographical and chronological reference for understanding Neanderthal disappearance and the complete expansion of anatomically Modern Humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I. Morales
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Artur Cebrià
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitor Burguet-Coca
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Gala García-Argudo
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Complutense University, Prehistory, Ancient History and Archaeology Department, Madrid, Spain
- IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Soto
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sahra Talamo
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José-Miguel Tejero
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CNRS, ArScan, UMR-7041, Ethnologie préhistorique, Nanterre, France
| | - Josep Vallverdú
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Fullola
- SERP, Departament d’Historia i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Becam G, Verna C, Gómez‐Robles A, Gómez‐Olivencia A, Albessard L, Arnaud J, Frelat MA, Madelaine S, Schwab C, Souday C, Turq A, Balzeau A. Isolated teeth from La Ferrassie: Reassessment of the old collections, new remains, and their implications. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:132-142. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Becam
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Christine Verna
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Aida Gómez‐Robles
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Asier Gómez‐Olivencia
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
- Dept. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad del País Vasco‐Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
- Centro Mixto UCM‐ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos Madrid Spain
| | - Lou Albessard
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Julie Arnaud
- Dipartimento di Studi UmanisticiSezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Mélanie A. Frelat
- UMR 7268 ADES, Aix‐Marseille Université/EFS/CNRS, Equipe 1 – Paléoanthropologie et Bioarchéologie Marsielle France
| | - S. Madelaine
- Musée national de Préhistoire Les Eyzies de Tayac‐Sireuil France
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux CS Pessac cedex France
| | | | - Caroline Souday
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Alain Turq
- Musée national de Préhistoire Les Eyzies de Tayac‐Sireuil France
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux CS Pessac cedex France
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
- Department of African ZoologyRoyal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium
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18
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Becam G, Chevalier T. Neandertal features of the deciduous and permanent teeth from Portel-Ouest Cave (Ariège, France). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:45-69. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Becam
- UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique; Université de Perpignan/MNHN/CERP de Tautavel; Tautavel France
| | - Tony Chevalier
- UMR 7194, Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique; Université de Perpignan/MNHN/CERP de Tautavel; Tautavel France
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19
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Tooth fractures in the Krapina Neandertals. J Hum Evol 2018; 123:96-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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21
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Bermúdez de Castro JM, Martinón‐Torres M, Martín‐Francés L, Martínez de Pinillos M, Modesto‐Mata M, García‐Campos C, Wu X, Xing S, Liu W. Early Pleistocene hominin deciduous teeth from theHomo antecessorGran Dolina‐TD6 bearing level (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:602-615. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH)Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3Burgos09002 Spain
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College London (UCL)14 Taviton StreetLondonWC1H 0BW United Kingdom
| | - María Martinón‐Torres
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College London (UCL)14 Taviton StreetLondonWC1H 0BW United Kingdom
- Laboratorio de Evolución HumanaDepartamento de Historia, Geografía y Comunicación. Universidad de Burgos Spain
| | - Laura Martín‐Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH)Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3Burgos09002 Spain
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College London (UCL)14 Taviton StreetLondonWC1H 0BW United Kingdom
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH)Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3Burgos09002 Spain
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College London (UCL)14 Taviton StreetLondonWC1H 0BW United Kingdom
| | - Mario Modesto‐Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH)Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3Burgos09002 Spain
- Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura (EPPEX), Casa de la Cultura Rodríguez MoñinoAv. Cervantes s/nCáceres10003 Spain
| | - Cecilia García‐Campos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH)Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3Burgos09002 Spain
| | - Xiujie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyBeijing100044 China
| | - Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyBeijing100044 China
| | - Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyBeijing100044 China
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22
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23
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Martin RM, Hublin JJ, Gunz P, Skinner MM. The morphology of the enamel–dentine junction in Neanderthal molars: Gross morphology, non-metric traits, and temporal trends. J Hum Evol 2017; 103:20-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Arnaud J, Benazzi S, Romandini M, Livraghi A, Panetta D, Salvadori PA, Volpe L, Peresani M. A Neanderthal deciduous human molar with incipient carious infection from the Middle Palaeolithic De Nadale cave, Italy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 162:370-376. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Arnaud
- Section of Prehistorical and Anthropological Sciences, Department of Humanities; University of Ferrara; LT, Teknehub, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32 Ferrara 44121 Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage; University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1; Ravenna 48121 Italy
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Matteo Romandini
- Section of Prehistorical and Anthropological Sciences, Department of Humanities; University of Ferrara; LT, Teknehub, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32 Ferrara 44121 Italy
| | - Alessandra Livraghi
- Section of Prehistorical and Anthropological Sciences, Department of Humanities; University of Ferrara; LT, Teknehub, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32 Ferrara 44121 Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1; Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Piero A. Salvadori
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1; Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Lisa Volpe
- Teknehub - Department di Physic and Earth Sciences; University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1; Ferrara 44121 Italy
| | - Marco Peresani
- Section of Prehistorical and Anthropological Sciences, Department of Humanities; University of Ferrara; LT, Teknehub, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32 Ferrara 44121 Italy
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Palaeoproteomic evidence identifies archaic hominins associated with the Châtelperronian at the Grotte du Renne. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11162-11167. [PMID: 27638212 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605834113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In Western Europe, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition is associated with the disappearance of Neandertals and the spread of anatomically modern humans (AMHs). Current chronological, behavioral, and biological models of this transitional period hinge on the Châtelperronian technocomplex. At the site of the Grotte du Renne, Arcy-sur-Cure, morphological Neandertal specimens are not directly dated but are contextually associated with the Châtelperronian, which contains bone points and beads. The association between Neandertals and this "transitional" assemblage has been controversial because of the lack either of a direct hominin radiocarbon date or of molecular confirmation of the Neandertal affiliation. Here we provide further evidence for a Neandertal-Châtelperronian association at the Grotte du Renne through biomolecular and chronological analysis. We identified 28 additional hominin specimens through zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) screening of morphologically uninformative bone specimens from Châtelperronian layers at the Grotte du Renne. Next, we obtain an ancient hominin bone proteome through liquid chromatography-MS/MS analysis and error-tolerant amino acid sequence analysis. Analysis of this palaeoproteome allows us to provide phylogenetic and physiological information on these ancient hominin specimens. We distinguish Late Pleistocene clades within the genus Homo based on ancient protein evidence through the identification of an archaic-derived amino acid sequence for the collagen type X, alpha-1 (COL10α1) protein. We support this by obtaining ancient mtDNA sequences, which indicate a Neandertal ancestry for these specimens. Direct accelerator mass spectometry radiocarbon dating and Bayesian modeling confirm that the hominin specimens date to the Châtelperronian at the Grotte du Renne.
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Fabbri PF, Panetta D, Sarti L, Martini F, Salvadori PA, Caramella D, Fedi M, Benazzi S. Middle paleolithic human deciduous incisor from Grotta del Cavallo, Italy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:506-512. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Francesco Fabbri
- Dipartimento di Beni Culturali; Università del Salento; Via D. Birago 64 Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology; National Research Council; Via G. Moruzzi 1 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Lucia Sarti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche e dei Beni Culturali; Università di Siena; Via Roma 56 Siena 53100 Italy
| | - Fabio Martini
- Dipartimento di Storia; Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo, sede di Paletnologia; Via S.Egidio Firenze 21 50122 Italy
| | - Piero A. Salvadori
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology; National Research Council; Via G. Moruzzi 1 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Davide Caramella
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia; Università di Pisa; via Savi 10 Pisa 56126 Italy
| | - Mariaelena Fedi
- INFN Sezione di Firenze; via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage; University of Bologna; Via degli Ariani 1 Ravenna 48121 Italy
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; DeutscherPlatz 6 Leipzig 04103 Germany
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Roussel M, Soressi M, Hublin JJ. The Châtelperronian conundrum: Blade and bladelet lithic technologies from Quinçay, France. J Hum Evol 2016; 95:13-32. [PMID: 27260172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of an almost complete Neanderthal skeleton in a Châtelperronian context at Saint-Césaire 35 years ago changed our perspective on the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic in western Europe. Since then, the Châtelperronian has generally been considered a "transitional" industry rather than an Upper or a Middle Paleolithic industry because of its chronological position, and the association of Neanderthal remains with blades, bone tools and personal ornaments. Several competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain the association between Neanderthals and these types of artefacts including post-depositional mixing, acculturation from anatomically modern human populations, or an independent technological evolution by local Neanderthal populations. Quinçay Cave is the only Châtelperronian site where personal ornaments have been found that does not contain an overlying Upper Paleolithic layer. This means that the post-depositional mixing of later elements into the Châtelperronian may not be used as an explanation for the presence of these materials. We report here on a detailed technological analysis of lithic artefacts from the three Châtelperronian layers at Quinçay Cave. We compare our results with the technology of Mousterian blade industries dating to OIS (oxygen isotope stage) 5, the Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition type B, and the Proto-Aurignacian. We show that the Châtelperronian is sufficiently divergent from the Middle Paleolithic to be classified as a fully Upper Paleolithic industry, with a focus on blade and bladelet production. We also show that the Quinçay Châtelperronian includes retouched bladelets that resemble those found in the Proto-Aurignacian, but were produced in a different manner. We argue that a technological convergence cannot account for these behaviors, since the specific type of retouched bladelet associated with the Châtelperronian was also regularly used by Proto-Aurignacian of neighboring regions. We suggest that the idea of retouched bladelets may have diffused from the northern Proto-Aurignacian to the Quinçay Châtelperronian and that the transmission of the morphology of this desired end-product without the transmission of its manufacturing process may point toward a low degree of social intimacy between these groups. We conclude that the apparent paradox of the Châtelperronian is the result of the complexity of interaction between Neanderthal and anatomically modern human groups in western Europe between 45,000 and 40,000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roussel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology, Human Origins Research Group, Van Steenis gebouw, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; CNRS UMR 7041 ArScAn, AnTET, MAE, 21 allée de l'Université, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France.
| | - M Soressi
- Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology, Human Origins Research Group, Van Steenis gebouw, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - J-J Hublin
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Peretto C, Arnaud J, Moggi-Cecchi J, Manzi G, Nomade S, Pereira A, Falguères C, Bahain JJ, Grimaud-Hervé D, Berto C, Sala B, Lembo G, Muttillo B, Gallotti R, Thun Hohenstein U, Vaccaro C, Coltorti M, Arzarello M. A Human Deciduous Tooth and New 40Ar/39Ar Dating Results from the Middle Pleistocene Archaeological Site of Isernia La Pineta, Southern Italy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140091. [PMID: 26457581 PMCID: PMC4601758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Isernia La Pineta (south-central Italy, Molise) is one of the most important archaeological localities of the Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe. It is an extensive open-air site with abundant lithic industry and faunal remains distributed across four stratified archaeosurfaces that have been found in two sectors of the excavation (3c, 3a, 3s10 in sect. I; 3a in sect. II). The prehistoric attendance was close to a wet environment, with a series of small waterfalls and lakes associated to calcareous tufa deposits. An isolated human deciduous incisor (labelled IS42) was discovered in 2014 within the archaeological level 3 coll (overlying layer 3a) that, according to new 40Ar/39Ar measurements, is dated to about 583–561 ka, i.e. to the end of marine isotope stage (MIS) 15. Thus, the tooth is currently the oldest human fossil specimen in Italy; it is an important addition to the scanty European fossil record of the Middle Pleistocene, being associated with a lithic assemblage of local raw materials (flint and limestone) characterized by the absence of handaxes and reduction strategies primarily aimed at the production of small/medium-sized flakes. The faunal assemblage is dominated by ungulates often bearing cut marks. Combining chronology with the archaeological evidence, Isernia La Pineta exhibits a delay in the appearance of handaxes with respect to other European Palaeolithic sites of the Middle Pleistocene. Interestingly, this observation matches the persistence of archaic morphological features shown by the human calvarium from the Middle Pleistocene site of Ceprano, not far from Isernia (south-central Italy, Latium). In this perspective, our analysis is aimed to evaluate morphological features occurring in IS42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Peretto
- Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, LT, TekneHub, Ferrara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Julie Arnaud
- Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, LT, TekneHub, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Laboratorio di Antropologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giorgio Manzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sébastien Nomade
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L’Environnement UMR 8212, IPSL-CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alison Pereira
- Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, LT, TekneHub, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L’Environnement UMR 8212, IPSL-CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Ecole française de Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Christophe Falguères
- UMR 7194 – Département de Préhistoire du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bahain
- UMR 7194 – Département de Préhistoire du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Grimaud-Hervé
- UMR 7194 – Département de Préhistoire du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Claudio Berto
- Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, LT, TekneHub, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Benedetto Sala
- Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, LT, TekneHub, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, LT, TekneHub, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Brunella Muttillo
- Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, LT, TekneHub, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gallotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichità, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Université Bordeaux 1, UMR 5199 PACEA-PPP, Talence, France
| | - Ursula Thun Hohenstein
- Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, LT, TekneHub, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmela Vaccaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Coltorti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisica, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Siena, Italy
| | - Marta Arzarello
- Dipartimento Studi Umanistici, Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, LT, TekneHub, Ferrara, Italy
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Ruebens K, McPherron SJP, Hublin JJ. On the local Mousterian origin of the Châtelperronian: Integrating typo-technological, chronostratigraphic and contextual data. J Hum Evol 2015; 86:55-91. [PMID: 26277304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Across Europe the period 45-40 ka (thousands of years ago) is associated with several technological changes, including the emergence of the Châtelperronian technocomplex in France and northern Spain. The Châtelperronian, stratigraphically located between the Mousterian and Aurignacian, is characterized by Upper Palaeolithic features, such as volumetric blade reduction, curved backed blades, end-scrapers, bladelets, bone tools and ornaments. Concurrently, repeated, though debated, associations with Neanderthal remains and Mousterian elements suggest a local technological development. Following recent critiques and cumulating technological studies, this paper provides data-driven contextualisations of the Châtelperronian and late Mousterian archaeological records and a primary comparative assessment of a major linking element, backed knives, to re-assess the origin of the Châtelperronian. The results demonstrate the challenging nature of the 50-35 ka record, with many interpretive problems caused by poorly recorded excavations, resulting in only 25 well-contextualised assemblages from the claimed 143 Châtelperronian find spots. These 25 assemblages facilitate more detailed chronostratigraphic and typo-technological assessments and show that the Châtelperronian has a homogenous set of technologies and tools. A similar evaluation of the late Mousterian indicates a wide-ranging late Neanderthal skill set, commonly including laminar blank production and backing. Further, conceptual similarities were noted both in blank selection and edge modification between Mousterian and Châtelperronian backed knives, alongside their near-absence in other, contemporaneous technocomplexes. A Europe-wide contextualisation shows that while the current coarse-grained record still allows for several potential scenarios, the data throughout this paper point towards a most parsimonious model of a Châtelperronian made by Neanderthals, with roots in the late Middle Palaeolithic technological skill set. However, this change seems triggered by early arrivals of modern humans either indirectly, through stimulus diffusion, or directly, after ca. 42 ka. Fully testing this model requires an ongoing focus on site formation and assemblage integrity, alongside in-depth analyses of recently excavated assemblages and existing collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ruebens
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; MONREPOS Archaeological Research Centre and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, RGZM, Schloss Monrepos, D-56567 Neuwied, Germany.
| | - Shannon J P McPherron
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Benazzi S, Slon V, Talamo S, Negrino F, Peresani M, Bailey SE, Sawyer S, Panetta D, Vicino G, Starnini E, Mannino MA, Salvadori PA, Meyer M, Paabo S, Hublin JJ. The makers of the Protoaurignacian and implications for Neandertal extinction. Science 2015; 348:793-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Quam R, Sanz M, Daura J, Robson Brown K, García-González R, Rodríguez L, Dawson H, Rodríguez RF, Gómez S, Villaescusa L, Rubio Á, Yagüe A, Ortega Martínez MC, Fullola JM, Zilhão J, Arsuaga JL. The Neandertals of northeastern Iberia: New remains from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona). J Hum Evol 2015; 81:13-28. [PMID: 25766902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Quam
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA; Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024-5192, USA.
| | - Montserrat Sanz
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Daura
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kate Robson Brown
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Rebeca García-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geografía, Universidad de Burgos, Facultad de Humanidades y Educación, 09001 Burgos, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca s/n, 09002 Burgos, Spain
| | - Heidi Dawson
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK
| | - Rosa Flor Rodríguez
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Gómez
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Villaescusa
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Rubio
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratorio de Antropología, Depto de Medicina Legal, Toxicología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Av de Madrid, 11, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Almudena Yagüe
- Grup de Recerca del Quaternari-Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Cruz Ortega Martínez
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Fullola
- Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Zilhão
- Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques, Dept. Prehistòria, H. Antiga i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Montalegre, 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Estalrrich A, Rosas A. Division of labor by sex and age in Neandertals: an approach through the study of activity-related dental wear. J Hum Evol 2015; 80:51-63. [PMID: 25681013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of activity-related dental wear patterns in prehistoric anatomically modern humans and modern hunter-gatherers has shown sex differences attributable to a gendered division of labor. Neandertals are known to have extensive anterior dental wear related to the use of their front teeth as a tool. In this study we analyze the i) cultural striations (scratches on the labial surface of the anterior teeth with a cut-mark morphology), and ii) dental chipping (ante-mortem microfracture involving enamel or both enamel and dentine) in 19 Neandertal individuals from the l'Hortus (France), Spy (Belgium), and El Sidrón (Spain) sites, and compare the characteristics of those traits with the age and sex estimation for the individuals and among samples. The study reveals that all individuals have cultural striations, but those detected on the adult females are longer than the striations found in adult males. Regarding the distribution of dental chipping, the prevalence of this trait is higher in the maxillary dentition of males whereas females have the majority of dental chipping on their mandibular teeth. The differences detected on the overall activity-related dental wear pattern denote a difference or a division of labor by age and sex in Neandertals while using the mouth as a third hand, i.e., in activities other than the provisioning of food, and provide new evidence for the lifestyle of this Pleistocene fossil human species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Estalrrich
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Rosas
- Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Bailey SE, Benazzi S, Souday C, Astorino C, Paul K, Hublin JJ. Taxonomic differences in deciduous upper second molar crown outlines of Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis and Homo erectus. J Hum Evol 2014; 72:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bocherens H, Drucker DG, Madelaine S. Evidence for a (15)N positive excursion in terrestrial foodwebs at the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in south-western France: Implications for early modern human palaeodiet and palaeoenvironment. J Hum Evol 2014; 69:31-43. [PMID: 24630359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition around 35,000 years ago coincides with the replacement of Neanderthals by anatomically modern humans in Europe. Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain this replacement, one of them being the ability of anatomically modern humans to broaden their dietary spectrum beyond the large ungulate prey that Neanderthals consumed exclusively. This scenario is notably based on higher nitrogen-15 amounts in early Upper Palaeolithic anatomically modern human bone collagen compared with late Neanderthals. In this paper, we document a clear increase of nitrogen-15 in bone collagen of terrestrial herbivores during the early Aurignacian associated with anatomically modern humans compared with the stratigraphically older Châtelperronian and late Mousterian fauna associated with Neanderthals. Carnivores such as wolves also exhibit a significant increase in nitrogen-15, which is similar to that documented for early anatomically modern humans compared with Neanderthals in Europe. A shift in nitrogen-15 at the base of the terrestrial foodweb is responsible for such a pattern, with a preserved foodweb structure before and after the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in south-western France. Such an isotopic shift in the terrestrial ecosystem may be due to an increase in aridity during the time of deposition of the early Aurignacian layers. If it occurred across Europe, such a shift in nitrogen-15 in terrestrial foodwebs would be enough to explain the observed isotopic trend between late Neanderthals and early anatomically modern humans, without any significant change in the diet composition at the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Bocherens
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Paläobiologie (Biogeologie), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Dorothée G Drucker
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Paläobiologie (Biogeologie), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stéphane Madelaine
- Musée National de Préhistoire, UMR 5199, 1 rue du musée, F-24620 Les Eyzies de Tayac, France; UMR 5199 PACEA/PPP, Université Bordeaux 1, av. des Facultés, Bât B18, 33405 Talence, France
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A Collection of Early Upper Palaeolithic Artefacts from Beedings, near Pulborough, West Sussex, and the Context of Similar Finds from the British Isles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s0079497x00000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a first formal description of a collection of lithic artefacts unearthed during the building of a house called Beedings on a scarp crest near Pulborough in West Sussex.The discovery was probably made in 1900. The collection is very obviously multi-period, but it includes the largest group of Early Upper Palaeolithic artefacts from south-eastern England. Attributed to this time are leaf-points, end-scrapers, and burins. While recent selection has much reduced the collection it also appears to contain contemporary cores and debitage and evidence for the production of bladelets. In a British context this find is unique and in a European perspective it is one of the richest assemblages attributable to the Lincombian–Ranisian–Jerzmanowician technocomplex. The age of this technocomplex is poorly constrained, but in this paper it is argued to belong to the earliest part of the Upper Palaeolithic, starting earlier than the local Aurignacian. The Upper Palaeolithic material from Beedings is interpreted as having come from a hunting camp situated so as to exploit the extensive views across the western Weald.
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36
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The oldest human fossil in Europe, from Orce (Spain). J Hum Evol 2013; 65:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hlusko LJ, Carlson JP, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Krueger KL, Mersey B, Ungar PS, Defleur A. Neanderthal teeth from moula-guercy, Ardèche, France. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:477-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslea J. Hlusko
- Human Evolution Research Center; University of California Berkeley; 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building; Berkeley; CA; 94720
| | - Joshua P. Carlson
- Human Evolution Research Center; University of California Berkeley; 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building; Berkeley; CA; 94720
| | - Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
- Department of Anthropology; 4034 Smith Laboratory, The Ohio State University; 174 West 18th Columbus; OH; 43210-1106
| | - Kristin L. Krueger
- Department of Anthropology; Loyola University Chicago; Chicago; IL; 60660
| | - Ben Mersey
- Human Evolution Research Center; University of California Berkeley; 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building; Berkeley; CA; 94720
| | - Peter S. Ungar
- Department of Anthropology; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville; AR; 72701
| | - Alban Defleur
- CNRS UMR 5276; Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; 46, Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon; Cedex; 07; France
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38
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Dean MC, Rosas A, Estalrrich A, García-Tabernero A, Huguet R, Lalueza-Fox C, Bastir M, de la Rasilla M. Longstanding dental pathology in Neandertals from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) with a probable familial basis. J Hum Evol 2013; 64:678-86. [PMID: 23615378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two Neandertal specimens from El Sidrón, northern Spain, show evidence of retained left mandibular deciduous canines. These individuals share the same mitochondrial (mtDNA) haplotype, indicating they are maternally related and suggesting a potential heritable basis for these dental anomalies. Radiographs and medical CT scans provide evidence of further, more extensive dental pathology in one of these specimens. An anomalous deciduous canine crown morphology that developed before birth subsequently suffered a fracture of the crown exposing the pulp sometime after eruption into functional occlusion. This led to death of the tooth, periapical granuloma formation and arrested deciduous canine root growth at an estimated age of 2.5 years. At some point the underlying permanent canine tooth became horizontally displaced and came to lie low in the trabecular bone of the mandibular corpus. A dentigerous cyst then developed around the crown. Anterior growth displacement of the mandible continued around the stationary permanent canine, leaving it posteriorly positioned in the mandibular corpus by the end of the growth period beneath the third permanent molar roots, which, in turn, suggests a largely horizontal growth vector. Subsequent longstanding repeated infections of the expanding cyst cavity are evidenced by bouts of bone deposition and resorption of the boundary walls of the cyst cavity. This resulted in the establishment of two permanent bony drainage sinuses, one through the buccal plate of the alveolar bone anteriorly, immediately beneath the infected deciduous canine root, and the other through the buccal plate anterior to the mesial root of the first permanent molar. It is probable that this complicated temporal sequence of dental pathologies had an initial heritable trigger that progressed in an unusually complex way in one of these individuals. During life, this individual may have been largely unaware of this ongoing pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Dean
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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39
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A Neanderthal lower molar from Stajnia Cave, Poland. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2013; 64:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Le Cabec A, Gunz P, Kupczik K, Braga J, Hublin JJ. Anterior tooth root morphology and size in Neanderthals: Taxonomic and functional implications. J Hum Evol 2013; 64:169-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Radiocarbon dates from the Grotte du Renne and Saint-Césaire support a Neandertal origin for the Châtelperronian. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18743-8. [PMID: 23112183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1212924109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from the Middle Paleolithic (MP) to Upper Paleolithic (UP) is marked by the replacement of late Neandertals by modern humans in Europe between 50,000 and 40,000 y ago. Châtelperronian (CP) artifact assemblages found in central France and northern Spain date to this time period. So far, it is the only such assemblage type that has yielded Neandertal remains directly associated with UP style artifacts. CP assemblages also include body ornaments, otherwise virtually unknown in the Neandertal world. However, it has been argued that instead of the CP being manufactured by Neandertals, site formation processes and layer admixture resulted in the chance association of Neanderthal remains, CP assemblages, and body ornaments. Here, we report a series of accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dates on ultrafiltered bone collagen extracted from 40 well-preserved bone fragments from the late Mousterian, CP, and Protoaurignacian layers at the Grotte du Renne site (at Arcy-sur-Cure, France). Our radiocarbon results are inconsistent with the admixture hypothesis. Further, we report a direct date on the Neandertal CP skeleton from Saint-Césaire (France). This date corroborates the assignment of CP assemblages to the latest Neandertals of western Europe. Importantly, our results establish that the production of body ornaments in the CP postdates the arrival of modern humans in neighboring regions of Europe. This new behavior could therefore have been the result of cultural diffusion from modern to Neandertal groups.
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42
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Differences between Neandertal and modern human infant and child growth models. J Hum Evol 2012; 63:140-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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The Early Aurignacian human remains from La Quina-Aval (France). J Hum Evol 2012; 62:605-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Zanolli C, Bondioli L, Mancini L, Mazurier A, Widianto H, Macchiarelli R. Brief communication: Two human fossil deciduous molars from the sangiran dome (Java, Indonesia): Outer and inner morphology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 147:472-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Aubry T, Dimuccio LA, Almeida M, Buylaert JP, Fontana L, Higham T, Liard M, Murray AS, Neves MJ, Peyrouse JB, Walter B. Stratigraphic and technological evidence from the middle palaeolithic-Châtelperronian-Aurignacian record at the Bordes-Fitte rockshelter (Roches d’Abilly site, Central France). J Hum Evol 2012; 62:116-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Early dispersal of modern humans in Europe and implications for Neanderthal behaviour. Nature 2011; 479:525-8. [PMID: 22048311 DOI: 10.1038/nature10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of anatomically modern humans in Europe and the nature of the transition from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic are matters of intense debate. Most researchers accept that before the arrival of anatomically modern humans, Neanderthals had adopted several 'transitional' technocomplexes. Two of these, the Uluzzian of southern Europe and the Châtelperronian of western Europe, are key to current interpretations regarding the timing of arrival of anatomically modern humans in the region and their potential interaction with Neanderthal populations. They are also central to current debates regarding the cognitive abilities of Neanderthals and the reasons behind their extinction. However, the actual fossil evidence associated with these assemblages is scant and fragmentary, and recent work has questioned the attribution of the Châtelperronian to Neanderthals on the basis of taphonomic mixing and lithic analysis. Here we reanalyse the deciduous molars from the Grotta del Cavallo (southern Italy), associated with the Uluzzian and originally classified as Neanderthal. Using two independent morphometric methods based on microtomographic data, we show that the Cavallo specimens can be attributed to anatomically modern humans. The secure context of the teeth provides crucial evidence that the makers of the Uluzzian technocomplex were therefore not Neanderthals. In addition, new chronometric data for the Uluzzian layers of Grotta del Cavallo obtained from associated shell beads and included within a Bayesian age model show that the teeth must date to ~45,000-43,000 calendar years before present. The Cavallo human remains are therefore the oldest known European anatomically modern humans, confirming a rapid dispersal of modern humans across the continent before the Aurignacian and the disappearance of Neanderthals.
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47
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A reassessment of the Neanderthal teeth from Taddeo cave (southern Italy). J Hum Evol 2011; 61:377-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Mellars P, French JC. Tenfold population increase in Western Europe at the Neandertal-to-modern human transition. Science 2011; 333:623-7. [PMID: 21798948 DOI: 10.1126/science.1206930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
European Neandertals were replaced by modern human populations from Africa ~40,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence from the best-documented region of Europe shows that during this replacement human populations increased by one order of magnitude, suggesting that numerical supremacy alone may have been a critical factor in facilitating this replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mellars
- Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK.
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49
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The Homo aurignaciensis hauseri from Combe-Capelle – A Mesolithic burial. J Hum Evol 2011; 61:211-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Caron F, d'Errico F, Del Moral P, Santos F, Zilhão J. The reality of Neandertal symbolic behavior at the Grotte du Renne, Arcy-sur-Cure, France. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21545. [PMID: 21738702 PMCID: PMC3126825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The question of whether symbolically mediated behavior is exclusive to modern humans or shared with anatomically archaic populations such as the Neandertals is hotly debated. At the Grotte du Renne, Arcy-sur-Cure, France, the Châtelperronian levels contain Neandertal remains and large numbers of personal ornaments, decorated bone tools and colorants, but it has been suggested that this association reflects intrusion of the symbolic artifacts from the overlying Protoaurignacian and/or of the Neandertal remains from the underlying Mousterian. Methodology/Principal Findings We tested these hypotheses against the horizontal and vertical distributions of the various categories of diagnostic finds and statistically assessed the probability that the Châtelperronian levels are of mixed composition. Our results reject that the associations result from large or small scale, localized or generalized post-depositional displacement, and they imply that incomplete sample decontamination is the parsimonious explanation for the stratigraphic anomalies seen in the radiocarbon dating of the sequence. Conclusions/Significance The symbolic artifacts in the Châtelperronian of the Grotte du Renne are indeed Neandertal material culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Caron
- Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Francesco d'Errico
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
- Institute for Archaeology, History, Cultural and Religious Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Pierre Del Moral
- Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Frédéric Santos
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - João Zilhão
- Seminari d'Estudis i Recerques Preistòriques, Universitat de Barcelona/Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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