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Quam R, Martínez I, Rak Y, Hylander B, Pantoja A, Lorenzo C, Conde-Valverde M, Keeling B, Ortega Martínez MC, Arsuaga JL. The Neandertal nature of the Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos mandibles. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:2343-2393. [PMID: 36998196 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of additional mandibular fossils from the Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos (SH) site provides new insights into the evolutionary significance of this sample. In particular, morphological descriptions of the new adult specimens are provided, along with standardized metric data and phylogenetically relevant morphological features for the expanded adult sample. The new and more complete specimens extend the known range of variation in the Atapuerca (SH) mandibles in some metric and morphological details. In other aspects, the addition of new specimens has made it possible to confirm previous observations based on more limited evidence. Pairwise comparisons of individual metric variables revealed the only significant difference between the Atapuerca (SH) hominins and Neandertals was a more vertical symphysis in the latter. Similarly, principal components analysis of size-adjusted variables showed a strong similarity between the Atapuerca (SH) hominins and Neandertals. Morphologically, the Atapuerca (SH) mandibles show nearly the full complement of Neandertal-derived features. Nevertheless, the Neandertals differ from the Atapuerca (SH) mandibles in showing a high frequency of the H/O mandibular foramen, a truncated, thinned and inverted gonial margin, a high placement of the mylohyoid line at the level of the M3, a more vertical symphysis and somewhat more pronounced expression of the chin structures. Size-related morphological variation in the SH hominins includes larger retromolar spaces, more posterior placement of the lateral corpus structures, and stronger markings associated with the muscles of mastication in larger specimens. However, phylogenetically relevant features in the SH sample are fairly stable and do not vary with the overall size of the mandible. Direct comparison of the enlarged mandibular sample from Atapuerca (SH) with the Mauer mandible, the type specimen of H. heidelbergensis, reveals important differences from the SH hominins, and there is no morphological counterpart of Mauer within the SH sample, suggesting the SH fossils should not be assigned to this taxon. The Atapuerca (SH) mandibles show a greater number of derived Neandertal features, particularly those related to midfacial prognathism and in the configuration of the superior ramus, than other European middle Pleistocene specimens. This suggests that more than one evolutionary lineage co-existed in the middle Pleistocene, and, broadly speaking, it appears possible to separate the European middle Pleistocene mandibular remains into two distinct groupings. One group shows a suite of derived Neandertal features and includes specimens from the sites of Atapuerca (SH), Payre, l'Aubesier and Ehringsdorf. The other group includes specimens that generally lack derived Neandertal features and includes the mandibles from the sites of Mauer, Mala Balanica, Montmaurin and (probably) Visogliano. The two published Arago mandibles differ strongly from one another, with Arago 2 probably belonging to this former group, and Neandertal affinities being more difficult to identify in Arago 13. Outside of the SH sample, derived Neandertal features in the mandible only become more common during the second half of the middle Pleistocene. Acceptance of a cladogenetic pattern of evolution during the European middle Pleistocene has the potential to reconcile the predictions of the accretion model and the two phases model for the appearance of Neandertal morphology. The precise taxonomic classification of the SH hominins must contemplate features from the dentition, cranium, mandible and postcranial skeleton, all of which are preserved at the SH site. Nevertheless, the origin of the Neandertal clade may be tied to a speciation event reflected in the appearance of a suite of derived Neandertal features in the face, dentition and mandible, all of which are present in the Atapuerca (SH) hominins. This same suite of features also provides a useful anatomical basis to include other European middle Pleistocene mandibles and crania within the Neandertal clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Quam
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
- Centro de Investigación UCM-ISCIII sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
- Universidad de Alcalá. Cátedra de Otoacústica Evolutiva y Paleoantropología (HM Hospitales-Universidad de Alcalá), Área de Antropología Física, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martínez
- Universidad de Alcalá. Cátedra de Otoacústica Evolutiva y Paleoantropología (HM Hospitales-Universidad de Alcalá), Área de Antropología Física, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yoel Rak
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bill Hylander
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Biological Sciences Building, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ana Pantoja
- Centro de Investigación UCM-ISCIII sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Departamento d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Conde-Valverde
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
- Universidad de Alcalá. Cátedra de Otoacústica Evolutiva y Paleoantropología (HM Hospitales-Universidad de Alcalá), Área de Antropología Física, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brian Keeling
- Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, New York, USA
| | | | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro de Investigación UCM-ISCIII sobre la Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Wu X, Pei S, Cai Y, Tong H, Zhang Z, Yan Y, Xing S, Martinón-Torres M, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Liu W. Morphological and morphometric analyses of a late Middle Pleistocene hominin mandible from Hualongdong, China. J Hum Evol 2023; 182:103411. [PMID: 37531709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Excavations in Hualongdong (HLD), East China, have yielded abundant hominin fossils dated to 300 ka. There is a nearly complete mandible that fits well with a partial cranium, and together they compose the skull labeled as HLD 6. Thus far, detailed morphological description and comparisons of the mandible have not been conducted. Here we present a comprehensive morphological, metric, and geometric morphometric assessment of this mandible and compare it with both adult and immature specimens of Pleistocene hominins and recent modern humans. Results indicate that the HLD 6 mandible exhibits a mosaic morphological pattern characterized by a robust corpus and relatively gracile symphysis and ramus. The moderately developed mental trigone and a clear anterior mandibular incurvation of the HLD 6 mandible are reminiscent of Late Pleistocene hominin and recent modern human morphology. However, the weak expression of all these features indicates that this mandible does not possess a true chin. Moreover, a suite of archaic features that resemble those of Middle Pleistocene hominins includes pronounced alveolar planum, superior transverse torus, thick corpus, a pronounced endocondyloid crest, and a well-developed medial pterygoid tubercle. The geometric morphometric analysis further confirms the mosaic pattern of the HLD 6 mandible. The combination of both archaic and modern human features identified in the HLD 6 mandible is unexpected, given its late Middle Pleistocene age and differs from approximately contemporaneous Homo members such as Xujiayao, Penghu, and Xiahe. This mosaic pattern has never been recorded in late Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil assemblages in East Asia. The HLD 6 mandible provides further support for the high morphological diversity during late Middle Pleistocene hominin evolution. With these findings, it is possible that modern human morphologies are present as early as 300 ka and earlier than the emergence of modern humans in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shuwen Pei
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yanjun Cai
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Haowen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ziliang Zhang
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Yi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca S/n, Burgos, 09002, Spain.
| | | | - Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Margari V, Hodell DA, Parfitt SA, Ashton NM, Grimalt JO, Kim H, Yun KS, Gibbard PL, Stringer CB, Timmermann A, Tzedakis PC. Extreme glacial cooling likely led to hominin depopulation of Europe in the Early Pleistocene. Science 2023; 381:693-699. [PMID: 37561880 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The oldest known hominin remains in Europe [~1.5 to ~1.1 million years ago (Ma)] have been recovered from Iberia, where paleoenvironmental reconstructions have indicated warm and wet interglacials and mild glacials, supporting the view that once established, hominin populations persisted continuously. We report analyses of marine and terrestrial proxies from a deep-sea core on the Portugese margin that show the presence of pronounced millennial-scale climate variability during a glacial period ~1.154 to ~1.123 Ma, culminating in a terminal stadial cooling comparable to the most extreme events of the last 400,000 years. Climate envelope-model simulations reveal a drastic decrease in early hominin habitat suitability around the Mediterranean during the terminal stadial. We suggest that these extreme conditions led to the depopulation of Europe, perhaps lasting for several successive glacial-interglacial cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Margari
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David A Hodell
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Simon A Parfitt
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London WC1H 0PY, UK
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Nick M Ashton
- Department of Britain, Europe and Prehistory, British Museum, London N1 5QJ, UK
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hyuna Kim
- Institute for Basic Science, Center for Climate Physics, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Department of Climate System, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Yun
- Institute for Basic Science, Center for Climate Physics, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Philip L Gibbard
- Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1ER, UK
| | - Chris B Stringer
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Axel Timmermann
- Institute for Basic Science, Center for Climate Physics, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Polychronis C Tzedakis
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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4
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Barron A. Applications of Microct Imaging to Archaeobotanical Research. JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THEORY 2023:1-36. [PMID: 37359278 PMCID: PMC10225294 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-023-09610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The potential applications of microCT scanning in the field of archaeobotany are only just beginning to be explored. The imaging technique can extract new archaeobotanical information from existing archaeobotanical collections as well as create new archaeobotanical assemblages within ancient ceramics and other artefact types. The technique could aid in answering archaeobotanical questions about the early histories of some of the world's most important food crops from geographical regions with amongst the poorest rates of archaeobotanical preservation and where ancient plant exploitation remains poorly understood. This paper reviews current uses of microCT imaging in the investigation of archaeobotanical questions, as well as in cognate fields of geosciences, geoarchaeology, botany and palaeobotany. The technique has to date been used in a small number of novel methodological studies to extract internal anatomical morphologies and three-dimensional quantitative data from a range of food crops, which includes sexually-propagated cereals and legumes, and asexually-propagated underground storage organs (USOs). The large three-dimensional, digital datasets produced by microCT scanning have been shown to aid in taxonomic identification of archaeobotanical specimens, as well as robustly assess domestication status. In the future, as scanning technology, computer processing power and data storage capacities continue to improve, the possible applications of microCT scanning to archaeobotanical studies will only increase with the development of machine and deep learning networks enabling the automation of analyses of large archaeobotanical assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleese Barron
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Banks Building, Canberra, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Department of Materials Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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Moncel MH, García-Medrano P, Despriée J, Arnaud J, Voinchet P, Bahain JJ. Tracking behavioral persistence and innovations during the Middle Pleistocene in Western Europe. Shift in occupations between 700 and 450 ka at la Noira site (Centre, France). J Hum Evol 2021; 156:103009. [PMID: 34049270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some areas in Western Europe indicate hiatuses in human occupations, which cannot be systematically attributed to taphonomic factors and poor site preservation. The site of la Noira in the center of France records two occupation phases with a significant time gap. The older one is dated to around 700 ka (stratum a) with an Acheulean assemblage, among the earliest in Western Europe, and the upper phase of the sequence (stratum c) is dated to ca. 450 ka. Humans left the area at around 670 ka, at the beginning of the marine isotope stage (MIS) 16 glacial stage, when cold conditions became too severe. No sites between 650 and 450 ka have yet been discovered in the center region despite systematic surveys over the past three decades. The archaeological evidence indicates that populations returned to the area, at the end of MIS 12 or the beginning of the long interglacial MIS 11. Here, we use technological behaviors common to the two levels of la Noira-strata a and c to evaluate their differences. Compared to other key European sequences, this site can be used to address the evolution of the behavioral strategies in Europe between MIS 17 and 11. We formulate two hypotheses concerning the human settlement of this area: (1) local behavioral evolution over time of populations occasionally occupying the region when the climate was favorable or (2) dispersal and arrival of new populations from other areas. The results focus on (1) changes in land-use patterns with the extension of the territory used by hominins in the upper level, (2) the introduction of new core technologies, including some evidence of early Levallois debitage, and (3) more intensive shaping of bifaces and bifacial tools. Results attest that the la Noira archaeological assemblages record similar regional behavioral evolution as observed at a larger scale in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Moncel
- UMR 7194 HNHP, MNHN-CNRS-UPVD, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, IPH 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Paula García-Medrano
- UMR 7194 HNHP, MNHN-CNRS-UPVD, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, IPH 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France; Dept. Britain, Europe and Prehistory, British Museum, Frank House, 56 Orsman Road, N1 5QJ, London, UK; Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament D'Història I Història de L'Art, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jackie Despriée
- UMR 7194 HNHP, MNHN-CNRS-UPVD, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, IPH 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Julie Arnaud
- UMR 7194 HNHP, MNHN-CNRS-UPVD, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, IPH 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France; Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università Degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pierre Voinchet
- UMR 7194 HNHP, MNHN-CNRS-UPVD, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, IPH 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bahain
- UMR 7194 HNHP, MNHN-CNRS-UPVD, Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, IPH 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
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6
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Árnason Ú, Hallström B. The reversal of human phylogeny: Homo left Africa as erectus, came back as sapiens sapiens. Hereditas 2020; 157:51. [PMID: 33341120 PMCID: PMC7749984 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular out of Africa hypothesis, OOAH, has been considered as an established fact amid population geneticists for some 25–30 years despite the early concern with it among phylogeneticists with experience beyond that of Homo. The palaeontological support for the hypothesis is also questionable, a circumstance that in the light of expanding Eurasian palaeontological knowledge has become accentuated through the last decades. Results The direction of evolution in the phylogenetic tree of modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens, Hss) was established inter alia by applying progressive phylogenetic analysis to an mtDNA sampling that included a Eurasian, Lund, and the African Mbuti, San and Yoruba. The examination identified the African populations as paraphyletic, thereby compromising the OOAH. The finding, which was consistent with the out of Eurasia hypothesis, OOEH, was corroborated by the mtDNA introgression from Hss into Hsnn (Neanderthals) that demonstrated the temporal and physical Eurasian coexistence of the two lineages. The results are consistent with the palaeontologically established presence of H. erectus in Eurasia, a Eurasian divergence between H. sapiens and H. antecessor ≈ 850,000 YBP, an Hs divergence between Hss and Hsn (Neanderthals + Denisovans) ≈ 800,000 YBP, an mtDNA introgression from Hss into Hsnn* ≈ 500,000 YBP and an Eurasian divergence among the ancestors of extant Hss ≈ 250,000 YBP at the exodus of Mbuti/San into Africa. Conclusions The present study showed that Eurasia was not the receiver but the donor in Hss evolution. The findings that Homo left Africa as erectus and returned as sapiens sapiens constitute a change in the understanding of Hs evolution to one that conforms to the extensive Eurasian record of Hs palaeontology and archaeology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úlfur Árnason
- Department of Brain Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Björn Hallström
- Center for Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
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Modesto-Mata M, Dean MC, Lacruz RS, Bromage TG, García-Campos C, Martínez de Pinillos M, Martín-Francés L, Martinón-Torres M, Carbonell E, Arsuaga JL, Bermúdez de Castro JM. Short and long period growth markers of enamel formation distinguish European Pleistocene hominins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4665. [PMID: 32170098 PMCID: PMC7069994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing dental development in fossil hominins is important for distinguishing between them and for establishing where and when the slow overall growth and development of modern humans appeared. Dental development of australopiths and early Homo was faster than modern humans. The Atapuerca fossils (Spain) fill a barely known gap in human evolution, spanning ~1.2 to ~0.4 million years (Ma), during which H. sapiens and Neandertal dental growth characteristics may have developed. We report here perikymata counts, perikymata distributions and periodicities of all teeth belonging to the TE9 level of Sima del Elefante, level TD6.2 of Gran Dolina (H. antecessor) and Sima de los Huesos. We found some components of dental growth in the Atapuerca fossils resembled more recent H. sapiens. Mosaic evolution of perikymata counts and distribution generate three distinct clusters: H. antecessor, Sima de los Huesos and H. sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Modesto-Mata
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain. .,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK. .,Equipo Primeros Pobladores de Extremadura, Casa de Cultura Rodríguez Moñino, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - M Christopher Dean
- Centre for Human Evolution Research (CHER), Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Timothy G Bromage
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Cecilia García-Campos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Marina Martínez de Pinillos
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACE, UMR 5199 F_33615, Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Eudald Carbonell
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades, Edifici W3, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Arsuaga
- Centro mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento humanos, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.,Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1H 0BW, UK
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8
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Becam G, Verna C, Gómez‐Robles A, Gómez‐Olivencia A, Albessard L, Arnaud J, Frelat MA, Madelaine S, Schwab C, Souday C, Turq A, Balzeau A. Isolated teeth from La Ferrassie: Reassessment of the old collections, new remains, and their implications. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:132-142. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Becam
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Christine Verna
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Aida Gómez‐Robles
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Asier Gómez‐Olivencia
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
- Dept. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad del País Vasco‐Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain
- IKERBASQUE. Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
- Centro Mixto UCM‐ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos Madrid Spain
| | - Lou Albessard
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Julie Arnaud
- Dipartimento di Studi UmanisticiSezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara Ferrara Italy
| | - Mélanie A. Frelat
- UMR 7268 ADES, Aix‐Marseille Université/EFS/CNRS, Equipe 1 – Paléoanthropologie et Bioarchéologie Marsielle France
| | - S. Madelaine
- Musée national de Préhistoire Les Eyzies de Tayac‐Sireuil France
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux CS Pessac cedex France
| | | | - Caroline Souday
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
| | - Alain Turq
- Musée national de Préhistoire Les Eyzies de Tayac‐Sireuil France
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux CS Pessac cedex France
| | - Antoine Balzeau
- Département Homme et environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleMusée de l'Homme, UMR 7194 CNRS, Université de Perpignan "Via Domitia", EPCC‐CERP de Tautavel Paris France
- Department of African ZoologyRoyal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium
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9
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Liu W, Martinón-Torres M, Kaifu Y, Wu X, Kono RT, Chang CH, Wei P, Xing S, Huang W, Bermúdez de Castro JM. A mandible from the Middle Pleistocene Hexian site and its significance in relation to the variability of Asian Homo erectus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 162:715-731. [PMID: 28109118 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study presents the first detailed morphological description and comparison of a Middle Pleistocene hominin mandibular fragment (PA 831) and associated teeth from the Hexian site in Eastern China. We aim to investigate where the Hexian mandible fits within the genus Homo variability in the light of an increased and better characterized Asian fossils record. METHODS Comparative samples include Pleistocene Homo mandibles and teeth from Africa, Asia, and Europe, as well as earlier African hominins (Australopithecus and early Homo) and Holocene recent humans. Both conventional morphological description and metric analysis were used. In addition, virtual reconstructions of the enamel dentine junction (EDJ) surface, pulp cavity, and roots with micro-CT were used to the mandible and teeth. RESULTS The Hexian mandible is characterized by a plesiomorphic structural pattern for the Homo clade, with strong corpus robustness and a subparallel and low-positioned mylohyoid line that differentiates the swollen subalveolar planum from the shallow subalveolar fossa. Features that are derived compared to early Homo include a moderately curved dental arcade, a well-developed lateral prominence placed at the M2 -M3 level, and multiple mental foramina. The Hexian mandible's complex enamel surface and strong, stout root structure are primitive traits for the Homo clade. Finally, the highly crenulated "dendrite-like" EDJ found in the molars may represent a dental feature specific to the continental Asian Homo erectus, but more data is needed to confirm this. CONCLUSIONS Mandibular and dental features indicate that the Hexian mandible and teeth differ from northern Chinese H. erectus and European Middle Pleistocene hominins, but show some affinities with the Early Pleistocene specimens from Africa (Homo ergaster) and Java (H. erectus), as well as the Middle-Late Pleistocene mandible from Penghu, Taiwan. Compared to contemporaneous continental Asian hominin populations, the Hexian fossils may represent the survival of a primitive hominin, with more primitive morphologies than other contemporaneous or some chronologically older Asian hominin specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - María Martinón-Torres
- Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW.,Laboratorio de Evolución Humana, Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Comunicación, University of Burgos, Burgos, 09001, Spain
| | - Yousuke Kaifu
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Xiujie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Reiko T Kono
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Geology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, 40453, Taiwan
| | - Pianpian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Song Xing
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wanbo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - José María Bermúdez de Castro
- Department of Anthropology, University College London (UCL), 14 Taviton Street, London, WC1H 0BW.,Hominid Paleobiology Program, National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca s/n. Burgos, 09002, Spain
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10
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Hardy K, Radini A, Buckley S, Blasco R, Copeland L, Burjachs F, Girbal J, Yll R, Carbonell E, Bermúdez de Castro JM. Diet and environment 1.2 million years ago revealed through analysis of dental calculus from Europe’s oldest hominin at Sima del Elefante, Spain. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 104:2. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Wood B, K. Boyle E. Hominin taxic diversity: Fact or fantasy? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 159:S37-78. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Wood
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University; Washington DC 20052
| | - Eve K. Boyle
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University; Washington DC 20052
- Hominid Paleobiology Graduate Program, George Washington University; Washington DC 20052
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12
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Mounier A, Caparros M. The phylogenetic status of Homo heidelbergensis – a cladistic study of Middle Pleistocene hominins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13219-015-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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de Lombera-Hermida A, Bargalló A, Terradillos-Bernal M, Huguet R, Vallverdú J, García-Antón MD, Mosquera M, Ollé A, Sala R, Carbonell E, Rodríguez-Álvarez XP. The lithic industry of Sima del Elefante (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) in the context of Early and Middle Pleistocene technology in Europe. J Hum Evol 2015; 82:95-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Lorenzo C, Pablos A, Carretero JM, Huguet R, Valverdú J, Martinón-Torres M, Arsuaga JL, Carbonell E, Bermúdez de Castro JM. Early Pleistocene human hand phalanx from the Sima del Elefante (TE) cave site in Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain). J Hum Evol 2015; 78:114-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Fukase H, Kondo O, Ishida H. Size and placement of developing anterior teeth in immature Neanderthal mandibles from Dederiyeh Cave, Syria: Implications for emergence of the modern human chin. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:482-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Fukase
- Division of Human Evolution Studies; Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University; Hokkaido 060-8638 Japan
| | - Osamu Kondo
- Division of Anthropology; Department of Biological Science; Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hajime Ishida
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy; Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus; Okinawa 903-0215 Japan
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Rodríguez-Gómez G, Mateos A, Martín-González JA, Blasco R, Rosell J, Rodríguez J. Discontinuity of human presence at Atapuerca during the early Middle Pleistocene: a matter of ecological competition? PLoS One 2014; 9:e101938. [PMID: 25054305 PMCID: PMC4114206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the European human settlement is older than 1.2 Ma. However, there is a fierce debate about the continuity or discontinuity of the early human settlement of Europe. In particular, evidence of human presence in the interval 0.7-0.5 Ma is scarce in comparison with evidence for the previous and later periods. Here, we present a case study in which the environmental conditions at Sierra de Atapuerca in the early Middle Pleistocene, a period without evidence of human presence, are compared with the conditions in the previous period, for which a relatively intense human occupation is documented. With this objective in mind, the available resources for a human population and the intensity of competition between secondary consumers during the two periods are compared using a mathematical model. The Gran Dolina site TD8 level, dated to 0.7-0.6 Ma, is taken as representative of the period during which Atapuerca was apparently not occupied by humans. Conditions at TD8 are compared with those of the previous period, represented by the TD6-2 level, which has yielded abundant evidence of intense human occupation. The results show that survival opportunities for a hypothetical human population were lower at TD8 than they were at TD6-2. Increased resource competition between secondary consumers arises as a possible explanation for the absence of human occupation at Atapuerca in the early Middle Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rodríguez-Gómez
- Paleofisiología y Ecología Social de homínidos, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Mateos
- Paleofisiología y Ecología Social de homínidos, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
| | - Jesús Angel Martín-González
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain, and temporarily assigned to CENIEH, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Rosell
- Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez
- Paleofisiología y Ecología Social de homínidos, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
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Zanolli C, Bondioli L, Coppa A, Dean CM, Bayle P, Candilio F, Capuani S, Dreossi D, Fiore I, Frayer DW, Libsekal Y, Mancini L, Rook L, Medin Tekle T, Tuniz C, Macchiarelli R. The late Early Pleistocene human dental remains from Uadi Aalad and Mulhuli-Amo (Buia), Eritrean Danakil: macromorphology and microstructure. J Hum Evol 2014; 74:96-113. [PMID: 24852385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fieldwork performed during the last 15 years in various Early Pleistocene East African sites has significantly enlarged the fossil record of Homo erectus sensu lato (s.l.). Additional evidence comes from the Danakil Depression of Eritrea, where over 200 late Early to early Middle Pleistocene sites have been identified within a ∼1000 m-thick sedimentary succession outcropping in the Dandiero Rift Basin, near Buia. Along with an adult cranium (UA 31), which displays a blend of H. erectus-like and derived morpho-architectural features and three pelvic remains, two isolated permanent incisors (UA 222 and UA 369) have also been recovered from the 1 Ma (millions of years ago) Homo-bearing outcrop of Uadi Aalad. Since 2010, our surveys have expanded to the nearby (4.7 km) site of Mulhuli-Amo (MA). This is a fossiliferous area that has been preliminarily surveyed because of its exceptional concentration of Acheulean stone tools. So far, the site has yielded 10 human remains, including the unworn crown of a lower permanent molar (MA 93). Using diverse analytical tools (including high resolution μCT and μMRI), we analysed the external and internal macromorphology and microstructure of the three specimens, and whenever possible compared the results with similar evidence from early Homo, H. erectus s.l., H. antecessor, H. heidelbergensis (from North Africa), Neanderthals and modern humans. We also assessed the UA 369 lower incisor from Uadi Aalad for root completion timing and showed that it compares well with data for root apex closure in modern human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Zanolli
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, The 'Abdus Salam' International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luca Bondioli
- Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico 'Luigi Pigorini', Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Coppa
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Christopher M Dean
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
| | | | - Francesca Candilio
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Capuani
- CNR-IPCF, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Dreossi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SYRMEP Group, Basovizza, Italy
| | - Ivana Fiore
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - David W Frayer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA
| | | | - Lucia Mancini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SYRMEP Group, Basovizza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rook
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | - Tsegai Medin Tekle
- National Museum of Eritrea, Asmara, Eritrea; Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Claudio Tuniz
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, The 'Abdus Salam' International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy; Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Roberto Macchiarelli
- Département de Préhistoire, UMR 7194, MNHN, Paris, France; Département Géosciences, Université de Poitiers, France
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18
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Ortega AI, Benito-Calvo A, Pérez-González A, Carbonell E, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Arsuaga JL. Atapuerca Karst and its Palaeoanthropological Sites. WORLD GEOMORPHOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8628-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Further geological and palaeoanthropological investigations at the Maludong hominin site, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-6026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Falguères C, Bahain JJ, Bischoff JL, Pérez-González A, Ortega AI, Ollé A, Quiles A, Ghaleb B, Moreno D, Dolo JM, Shao Q, Vallverdú J, Carbonell E, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Arsuaga JL. Combined ESR/U-series chronology of Acheulian hominid-bearing layers at Trinchera Galería site, Atapuerca, Spain. J Hum Evol 2013; 65:168-84. [PMID: 23830175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Sierra de Atapuerca, northern Spain, is known from many prehistoric and palaeontological sites documenting human prehistory in Europe. Three major sites, Gran Dolina, Galería and Sima del Elefante, range in age from the oldest hominin of Western Europe dated to 1.1 to 1.3 Ma (millions of years ago) at Sima del Elefante to c.a. 0.2 Ma on the top of the Galería archaeological sequence. Recently, a chronology based on luminescence methods (Thermoluminescence [TL] and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence [IRSL]) applied to cave sediments was published for the Gran Dolina and Galería sites. The authors proposed for Galería an age of 450 ka (thousands of years ago) for the units lower GIII and GII, suggesting that the human occupation there is younger than the hominid remains of Sima de los Huesos (>530 ka) around 1 km away. In this paper, we present new results obtained by combined Electron Spin Resonance/Uranium-series (ESR/U-series) dating on 20 herbivorous teeth from different levels at the Galería site. They are in agreement with the TL results for the upper part of the stratigraphic sequence (GIV and GIIIb), in the range of between 200 and 250 ka. But for the GIIIa to GIIb levels, the TL ages become abruptly older by 200 ka while ESR ages remain relatively constant. Finally, the TL and ESR data agree in the lowest part of the section (GIIa); both fall in the range of around 350-450 ka. Our results suggest a different interpretation for the GII, GIII and GIV units of Galería and the upper part of Gran Dolina (TD10 and TD11) than obtained by TL. The ESR/U-series results are supported by a Bayesian analysis, which allows a better integration between stratigraphic information and radiometric data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Falguères
- Département de Préhistoire, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, UMR7194, 1, rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France.
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López-Valverde A, López-Cristiá M, Gómez de Diego R. Europe's oldest jaw: evidence of oral pathology. Br Dent J 2012; 212:243-5. [PMID: 22402544 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atapuerca, in the north of Spain, is the archaeological site where the oldest hominid remains within Europe have been found. In 2008 a jaw fragment, corresponding to the symphyseal area, was discovered in the area called the 'Elephant's pit'. Its age has been estimated at 1.2 million years and it is considered to be the oldest human fossil found in Europe and is from the lower Pleistocene. This work analyses the dental and skeletal damage to the specimen, detected in a macroscopic study of possible horizontal and vertical bone loss at the level of support of the remaining teeth. The limited presence of dental scale, the pattern of destruction and the decreased bone density due to increased marrow spaces suggest the presence of possible periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López-Valverde
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Spain.
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Prado-Simón L, Martinón-Torres M, Baca P, Olejniczak AJ, Gómez-Robles A, Lapresa M, Luis Arsuaga J, María Bermúdez de Castro J. Three-dimensional evaluation of root canal morphology in lower second premolars of early and middle pleistocene human populations from atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 147:452-61. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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PRADO-SIMÓN LEYRE, MARTINÓN-TORRES MARÍA, BACA PILAR, GÓMEZ-ROBLES AIDA, LAPRESA MARÍA, CARBONELL EUDALD, BERMÚDEZ DE CASTRO JOSÉMARIA. A morphological study of the tooth roots of the Sima del Elefante mandible (Atapuerca, Spain): a new classification of the teeth—biological and methodological considerations. ANTHROPOL SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LEYRE PRADO-SIMÓN
- Dental Anthropology Group, National Research Centre for Human Evolution, Burgos
- Stomatology Department, Dentistry Faculty, University of Granada
| | | | - PILAR BACA
- Stomatology Department, Dentistry Faculty, University of Granada
| | - AIDA GÓMEZ-ROBLES
- Dental Anthropology Group, National Research Centre for Human Evolution, Burgos
- Konrad Lorenz Institure for Evolution and Cognition Research, Altenberg
| | - MARÍA LAPRESA
- Dental Anthropology Group, National Research Centre for Human Evolution, Burgos
| | - EUDALD CARBONELL
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Àrea de Prehistòria, Universtat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona
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Blasco R, Blain HA, Rosell J, Carlos Díez J, Huguet R, Rodríguez J, Arsuaga JL, Bermúdez de Castro JM, Carbonell E. Earliest evidence for human consumption of tortoises in the European Early Pleistocene from Sima del Elefante, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. J Hum Evol 2011; 61:503-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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