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Hepatitis A virus transmission in a dental clinic setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:692-693. [PMID: 36789643 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2023.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Son H, Lee M, Eun Y, Park W, Park K, Kwon S, Kim S, Kim C. An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with salted clams in Busan, Korea. Epidemiol Health 2021; 44:e2022003. [PMID: 34990534 PMCID: PMC8989951 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In July 2019, there were multiple reports on patients with hepatitis A among the visitors of a restaurant in Busan. The current study presents the results of an epidemiological investigation and outlines the supplementary measures that would help with hepatitis A control. METHODS A cohort study was conducted for all 2,865 customers who visited restaurant A from June to July. Using a standardized questionnaire, participants reported the presence of hepatitis A symptoms and whether they had consumed any of 19 food items. As for participants who had visited public health centers, their specimens were collected. RESULTS From the study cohort, 155 participants (5.4%) had confirmed hepatitis A. The epidemic curve was unimodal, and the median number of days from the restaurant visit to symptom onset was 31 days. A genotype analysis indicated that 89 of 90 tested patients had hepatitis A virus (HAV) genotype 1A. The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the ingestion of salted clams increased the risk of hepatitis A by 68.12 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.22 to 510.87). In an unopened package of salted clams found and secured through traceback investigation, HAV genotype 1A was detected. CONCLUSIONS To prevent people from ingesting uncooked clams, there needs to be more efforts to publicize the dangers of uncooked clams; the food sampling test standards for salted clams should also be expanded. Furthermore, a laboratory surveillance system based on molecular genetics should be established to detect outbreaks earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Son
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Busan Center for infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Busan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Youngduck Eun
- Busan Center for infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Busan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Wonseo Park
- Busan Center for infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Busan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyounghee Park
- Busan Center for infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Busan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sora Kwon
- Busan Center for infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Busan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seungjin Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Changhoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Busan Center for infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Busan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Kul G, Tosun S, Alkan Çevıker S, Uzar H, Alay H, Kesmez Can F, Seremet Keskin A, Ceylan MR, Yıldız Kaya S, Aslan S. Evaluation of testing and vaccination status of healthcare workers in Turkey for hepatitis A: A multicenter study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14700. [PMID: 34351665 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the disease and testing and vaccination status of healthcare workers in terms of hepatitis A infection as well as their awareness. This study is a multicenter descriptive study performed with healthcare workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Testing status for hepatitis A, awareness of the results and vaccination status of healthcare workers were compared. RESULTS Of the 12,476 healthcare workers participating in the study, only 65% (8,115 healthcare workers) had awareness of hepatitis A test results. Of the participants, 6,481 (66.3 %) stated that they were not vaccinated against hepatitis A. Vaccination rates against hepatitis A decreased with increasing age (P < .01). The rates of vaccination in all departments where participants worked were above 60% (P < .05). While the rate of protection among those working in departments creating a risk for hepatitis A virus infection was higher, no difference among vaccination rates was observed compared with the other departments. CONCLUSION Vaccination of seronegative individuals is the safest way for hepatitis A, which can progress to fulminant hepatitis at advanced ages. It must be aimed primarily to increase the awareness of healthcare professionals and to increase the vaccination rates for hepatitis B and hepatitis A for the prevention of viral hepatitis. In our study, the awareness level was found to be above 50%, and the vaccination level was 35%, which is a rate that must be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülnur Kul
- Department of Infectious and Clinical Microbiology Diseases, Kirikhan State Hospital, Kirikhan, Turkey
| | - Selma Tosun
- Department of Infectious and Clinical Microbiology Diseases, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevil Alkan Çevıker
- Department of Infectious and Clinical Microbiology Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Hanife Uzar
- Department of Infectious and Clinical Microbiology Diseases, Viranşehir State Hospital, Şanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Handan Alay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kesmez Can
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Seremet Keskin
- Department of Infectious and Clinical Microbiology Diseases, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Reşat Ceylan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Sibel Yıldız Kaya
- Department of Infectious and Clinical Microbiology Diseases, Sungurlu State Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Selda Aslan
- Department of Infectious and Clinical Microbiology Diseases, Gaziantep Cengiz Gökçek Maternity and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Yu S, Rui J, Cheng X, Zhao Z, Liu C, Lin S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Yang M, Liu X, Wang M, Lei Z, Zhao B, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Chen T. Hepatitis E in 24 Chinese Cities, 2008-2018: A New Analysis Method for the Disease's Occupational Characteristics. Front Public Health 2021; 9:720953. [PMID: 34650949 PMCID: PMC8506125 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.720953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The disease burden of hepatitis E remains high. We used a new method (richness, diversity, evenness, and similarity analyses) to classify cities according to the occupational classification of hepatitis E patients across regions in China and compared the results of cluster analysis. Methods: Data on reported hepatitis E cases from 2008 to 2018 were collected from 24 cities (9 in Jilin Province, 13 in Jiangsu Province, Xiamen City, and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture). Traditional statistical methods were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E patients, while the new method and cluster analysis were used to classify the cities by analyzing the occupational composition across regions. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis E in eastern China (Jiangsu Province) was similar to that in the south (Xiamen City) and southwest of China (Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture), but higher than that in the north (Jilin Province). The age of hepatitis E patients was concentrated between 41 and 60 years, and the sex ratio ranged from 1:1.6 to 1:3.4. Farming was the most highly prevalent occupation; other sub-prevalent occupations included retirement, housework and unemployment. The incidence of occupations among migrant workers, medical staff, teachers, and students was moderate. There were several occupational types with few or no records, such as catering industry, caregivers and babysitters, diaspora children, childcare, herders, and fishing (boat) people. The occupational similarity of hepatitis E was high among economically developed cities, such as Nanjing, Wuxi, Baicheng, and Xiamen, while the similarity was small among cities with large economic disparities, such as Nanjing and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture. A comparison of the classification results revealed more similarities and some differences when using these two methods. Conclusion: In China, the factors with the greatest influence on the prevalence of hepatitis E are living in the south, farming as an occupation, being middle-aged or elderly, and being male. The 24 cities we studied were highly diverse and moderately similar in terms of the occupational distribution of patients with hepatitis E. We confirmed the validity of the new method on in classifying cities according to their occupational composition by comparing it with the clustering method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengnan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingzhai Wang
- Xiamen City Center for Disease Control, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Benhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinglong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Impfungen von Personal in medizinischen Einrichtungen in Deutschland: Empfehlung zur Umsetzung der gesetzlichen Regelung in § 23a Infektionsschutzgesetz. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 64:636-642. [PMID: 33929567 PMCID: PMC8086965 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Ledda C, Costantino C, Cuccia M, Maltezou HC, Rapisarda V. Attitudes of Healthcare Personnel towards Vaccinations before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052703. [PMID: 33800187 PMCID: PMC7967435 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines constitute highly effective tools for controlling and eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and are assessed to avert between two to three million deaths per year globally. Healthcare personnel (HCP) constitute a priority group for several vaccinations. However, studies indicate significant rates of vaccine hesitancy among them and, therefore, of acceptance of vaccination recommendations. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a university hospital in Southern Italy to assess the knowledge and attitudes of HCP about VPDs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, estimate their intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19, and search for determinants that may influence their choice. A self-administered questionnaire was used. HCP improved their knowledge about VPDs and were more favorable to vaccinations in September–December 2020 compared to January–December 2019. Overall, 75% of respondents would get a COVID-19 vaccine. Our findings indicate a potential role of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on Italian HCP’s knowledge and attitudes towards vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87 Edificio B Piano 0, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-095-378-2049
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Cuccia
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Provincial Health Authority of Catania, Via Tevere, San Gregorio di Catania, 95027 Catania, Italy;
| | - Helena C. Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, 3-5 Agrafon Street, 11523 Athens, Greece;
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87 Edificio B Piano 0, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Nosocomial hepatitis A outbreak among healthcare workers and patients in a community hospital during an ongoing statewide outbreak. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2020; 42:139-141. [PMID: 32880246 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) investigated a hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreak to identify risk factors for infection and make prevention recommendations. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Community hospital. PARTICIPANTS Healthcare workers (HCWs) or patients with laboratory-confirmed acute HAV infection during October 1, 2018-January 10, 2019. METHODS HCWs with suspected or confirmed hepatitis A infections were interviewed to assess their exposures and activities. Patient medical records and hospital administrative records were reviewed to identify common exposures. We conducted a site investigation to assess knowledge of infection control practices among HCWs. Serum specimens from ill persons were tested for HAV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped. RESULTS We identified 6 HCWs and 2 patients with laboratory-confirmed HAV infection. All cases likely resulted from exposure to a homeless patient with a history of recreational substance use and undiagnosed HAV infection. Breaches in hand hygiene and use of standard precautions were identified. HAV RNA was detected in 7 serum specimens and all belonged to an identical strain of HAV genotype 1b. CONCLUSIONS A hepatitis A outbreak among hospital patients and HCWs resulted from exposure to a single patient with undiagnosed HAV infection. Breakdowns in infection control practices contributed to the outbreak. The likelihood of nosocomial transmission can be reduced with proper hand hygiene, standard precautions, and routine disinfection. During community outbreaks, medical providers can better prevent ongoing transmission by including hepatitis A in the differential diagnosis among patients with a history of recreational substance use and homelessness.
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Wiseman R, Weil LM, Lozano C, Johnson TJ, Jin S, Moorman AC, Foster MA, Mixson-Hayden T, Khudyakov Y, Kuhar DT, Graves J. Notes from the Field: Health Care–Associated Hepatitis A Outbreak — Texas, 2015. MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2016; 65:425-6. [DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6516a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Campins Martí M, Uriona Tuma S. [General epidemiology of infections acquired by health-care workers: immunization of health-care workers]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 32:259-65. [PMID: 24656968 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers are exposed to multiple occupational hazards, the most common being the biological risk. Moreover, colonized staff, or those in incubation period, or with an active infectious disease, could be at risk of transmitting these infections to others, such as patients, relatives or other workers. Therefore, measures to prevent biological risks in the healthcare environment are essential. In this chapter, the main recommendations for the prevention and control of infectious diseases that can affect health care personnel are reviewed. Specific measures recommended for each infection, including vaccination guidance, are described. These recommendations were updated according to the available evidence and the epidemiological changes described in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Campins Martí
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - Sonia Uriona Tuma
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
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Martinez JA, Pumarola T. Viriasis nosocomiales. Virus de la hepatitis, herpesvirus y virus de la gripe. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 31:471-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Aasheim ET, Seymour M, Balogun K, Ngui SL, Williams CJ, Shankar AG. Acute hepatitis A in an elderly patient after care worker travel to high endemicity country. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2480-2. [PMID: 23880980 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is considered one of the most important vaccine-preventable diseases in travelers. HAV spreads from person to person via the fecal-oral route and gives rise to an estimated 1.4 million cases worldwide each year. In developing countries with poor sanitary conditions people tend to be infected during childhood and have few symptoms, whereas in developed countries with good sanitary conditions fewer people develop immunity during childhood. This leads to susceptible populations of adults, who are also more prone to severe complications. Here we describe two confirmed cases of hepatitis A associated with a nursing home. The index case was a care worker who had recently traveled to a high-endemicity country, and the second case was a resident at the nursing home where the index case worked. Both cases had an identical genotype IIIA strain, consistent with a transmission event. Current policy does not include a requirement for hepatitis A vaccine in care workers who travel to high endemicity countries despite the fact that infected care workers can potentially spread the disease to elderly patients and other groups at risk of severe complications from HAV infection. We suggest that employers should consider hepatitis A vaccine upon employment; particularly in care workers who plan to visit areas where HAV is known to be endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend T Aasheim
- Anglia Health Protection Team; Public Health England; Norfolk, UK
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Bayani M, Sadeghi M, Kalantari N, Sayadmanesh A. Hepatitis a virus seropositivity in nurses and paramedical personnel at a university hospital in north iran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:409-13. [PMID: 24349729 PMCID: PMC3838651 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.10157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The status of hepatitis A virus (HAV) among health care workers has not been studied yet in Iran. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the HAV seropositivity among the healthcare personnel in Ayatollah Rohani Hospital, Babol, Iran, according to age, number of working years, and other demographic data. Patients and Methods This cross sectional study was performed on all nurses, nurses' aid, and paramedical technicians at Ayatollah Rohani Hospital, Babol, from March 2011 to March 2012. Blood was obtained from all cases (466) and the sera were separated. All serum samples were tested for anti-HAV antibodies (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis using SPSS software, version 18. Results 330 out of 466 (71%) persons were positive for anti-HAV antibodies (IgG) with no significant difference between females (71.5%) and males (70%) (P = 0.89, 95% CI. 0.533-2.083). The lowest sero-prevalence rate was observed in the 20-29 year age group (57.8%). Seropositivity for HAV significantly increased with age (P < 0.000, 95% CI. 1.626-3.262), 77.4% for 30-39 years and 85.3% for more than 40 years. The seropositivity rate also increased significantly in accordance with the number of working years (P = 0.012, 95%CI. 1.098-2.170). 110 out of 353 (31.2%) cases were seronegative among those with less than 5 years of working time. An obvious decrease of seronegative rate of HAV was seen in those with 5-10 years (27%) and more than 10 years (14.3%) of working time. Conclusions These findings indicate relatively high prevalence rate of HA infection among nurses and paramedical personnel at this hospital. Nevertheless, 30% of the health workers have been seronegative and are still at risk of HA infection development. Considering that the disease has more severe course as age increases, improvement of standard hygiene and prevention strategies are recommended. Furthermore, vaccination may play a significant role in the occupational health policy to protect the susceptible health care workers population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masomeh Bayani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Babol Medical University, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Mahmoud Sadeghi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Babol Medical University, Babol, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mahmoud Sadeghi, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Babol Medical University, Babol, IR Iran. Tel: +98-1112199936, Fax: +98-1112199936, E-mail:
| | - Narges Kalantari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol Medical University, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Abdolah Sayadmanesh
- Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol Medical University, Babol, IR Iran
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Faillon S, Martinot A, Hau I, Puget A, Moulin F, Noel G, Guen CGL, Lorrot M, Callamand P, Hue V, Meritet JF, Gendrel D, Dubos F. Impact of travel on the seroprevalence of hepatitis A in children. J Clin Virol 2013; 56:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kim S, Lee JH, Hwang JH, Lee CS. Hepatitis A antibody seroprevalence among medical school students. Am J Infect Control 2011; 39:889-90. [PMID: 21696859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A total of 324 first- to third-year medical school students were examined for anti-hepatitis A virus IgG. Of these 324 students, 37 were found to be anti-hepatitis A virus IgG positive (11.4%). Mass screening of medical students for seropositivity and vaccination of nonimmune students should be considered before starting medical clerkships.
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Multicentric evaluation of new commercial enzyme immunoassays for the detection of immunoglobulin M and total antibodies against hepatitis A virus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1391-4. [PMID: 21653739 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00403-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A multicentric clinical study was conducted on representative sera from 1,738 European and U.S. subjects for the evaluation of new anti-hepatitis A virus enzyme immunoassays from Bio-Rad Laboratories. Comparison with reference DiaSorin S.p.A. tests confirmed the good performance of Bio-Rad assays (99.85% and 99.47% overall agreement in detecting total antibodies and IgM, respectively).
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Son JS, Lee MS, Kang SY, Lee WI. [Hepatitis A virus seropositivity among healthcare workers at a university hospital in Korea]. Korean J Lab Med 2010; 29:551-6. [PMID: 20046087 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2009.29.6.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCW) are known as a risk group of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and vaccination of this group against HAV has been suggested. However, the seroprevalence of HAV antibody among HCW in Korea has not been reported. We investigated the seropositivity of HAV antibody in HCW, to obtain a baseline data. METHODS We measured serum total HAV antibody using chemiluminescent immunoassay (ADVIA Centaur, Germany) in 174 HCW at one university hospital in Seoul, Korea. RESULTS Serum HAV antibody was positive in 48 (27.6%) of 174 subjects tested. The seropositivity of HAV antibody was significantly increased with increasing age: 21.1% (26/123), 55% (22/40), and 100% (11/11) in the age groups of 20's, 30's, and 40's, respectively (P<0.001). However it was not significantly different among different occupations (physicians 38%, nurses 24.6%, other workers 31.4%, P=0.376) and work places (medical ward 29.1%, pediatric ward 25.9%, emergency room 34.4%, laboratory 0%, P=0.140). The seroprevalence rate of HAV antibody in the age groups of 20's and 30's in this study was not higher than that of previous studies on non-HCW populations in Korea since 2006. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of HAV antibody among HCW in the age groups of 20's and 30's in a Korean hospital was not higher than that of non-HCW populations, and the seropositivity increased with increasing age. Further studies are needed for the age-specific strategy for vaccination, considering the increased risk of exposure in HCW to HAV infection in hospital environment with the increase of symptomatic patients with HAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seong Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyunghee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Jung SI, Lee CS, Park KH, Kim ES, Kim YJ, Kim GS, Lim DS, Moon JE, Min JJ, Bom HS, Jung MH, Chang YJ, Chae SL, Lee JH. Sero-epidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection among healthcare workers in Korean hospitals. J Hosp Infect 2009; 72:251-7. [PMID: 19446368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has been increasingly reported in Korea as has an outbreak in Korean healthcare workers (HCWs). This 2008 study evaluated the sero-epidemiology of HAV infections among 3696 HCWs in four Korean hospitals. HCWs were tested for immunoglobulin G anti-HAV antibodies using commercially available kits. Data including demographic characteristics, occupation, workplace and serological status for other hepatitis viruses were collected. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify variables related to HAV seropositivity. Among the 3696 participants, 2742 (74%) were women and the majority (96%) were aged 20-39 years (median: 28; range: 19-68). Eighteen percent were physicians, 46% nurses, 10% nurses' aides, 11% paramedical technicians and 15% administrative staff. Seropositivity for HAV significantly increased with age (P<0.001): 1.8% for < or =24 years, 14.7% for 25-29 years, 41.8% for 30-34 years, 75.5% for 35-39 years, and 93.7% for > or =40 years. Among those aged 20-39 years, age-specific HAV seroprevalence was significantly lower in physicians than in the other occupational groups (P<0.001). In Korea, mass vaccination to HCWs aged < or =29 years or screening for seropositivity and vaccinating non-immune subjects aged 30-39 years should be considered, especially in physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-I Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Kim MS, Kim ES, Chang YJ, Huh HJ, Chae SL, Lee JH. Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis A among Healthcare Workers and Their Response to Vaccination Recommendation at a Korean Hospital. Infect Chemother 2009. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2009.41.5.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
- Infection Control Office, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yun Jung Chang
- Infection Control Office, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seok Lae Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Baxter D. Specific immunization issues in the occupational health setting. Occup Med (Lond) 2008; 57:557-63. [PMID: 18045977 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqm111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This article looks at the components of an effective occupational health vaccination programme and also reviews the legal basis for them. It addresses the issue of vaccine licensing including pre-clinical, clinical and post-licensing studies. It explores screening for vaccine preventable diseases in the occupational health setting and then addresses particular issues around hepatitis B, chicken pox, tuberculosis, measles, rubella, diphtheria, polio, mumps and hepatitis A.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baxter
- Epidemiology and Health Sciences, Stopford Building, Manchester University Medical School, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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Chodick G, Green MS, Heymann AD, Rosenmann L, Shalev V. The shifting epidemiology of hepatitis A following routine childhood immunization program in Israel. Prev Med 2007; 45:386-91. [PMID: 17599401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 1999 Israel became the first country to introduce immunization against hepatitis A to its national childhood vaccination program. The study objectives were to assess the uptake of hepatitis A vaccine following the new policy and to examine the incidence of hepatitis A and the number of prevented cases. METHODS Data on incidence of hepatitis A and vaccination rates were obtained from a large health maintenance organization in Israel covering 1.6 million members. We identified all members that were diagnosed by a primary care physician as suffering from hepatitis A, had a positive hepatitis A virus-IgM test result, or were hospitalized due to hepatitis A between 1998 and 2004. RESULTS The results indicate that 5 years following its inclusion in the national childhood immunization program, vaccination coverage levels with at least one dose of hepatitis A vaccine for children aged under 5 years and 5-14 years were 87% and 51%, respectively. During this period the annual incidence rates declined by 88% from 142.4 to 17.3 per 100,000. The most significant reduction in morbidity was observed among children. CONCLUSIONS In endemic areas, vaccination of infants and children against hepatitis A may be efficient to greatly reduce the total burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Chodick
- Medical Informatics Department, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Park J, Lee J, Jeong S, Lee S, Lee M, Choi H. Molecular characterization of an acute hepatitis A outbreak among healthcare workers at a Korean hospital. J Hosp Infect 2007; 67:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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