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Montico B, Nigro A, Lamberti MJ, Martorelli D, Mastorci K, Ravo M, Giurato G, Steffan A, Dolcetti R, Casolaro V, Dal Col J. Phospholipid scramblase 1 is involved in immunogenic cell death and contributes to dendritic cell-based vaccine efficiency to elicit antitumor immune response in vitro. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:145-156. [PMID: 38099895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Whole tumor cell lysates (TCLs) obtained from cancer cells previously killed by treatments able to promote immunogenic cell death (ICD) can be efficiently used as a source of tumor-associated antigens for the development of highly efficient dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines. Herein, the potential role of the interferon (IFN)-inducible protein phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) in influencing immunogenic features of dying cancer cells and in enhancing DC-based vaccine efficiency was investigated. METHODS PLSCR1 expression was evaluated in different mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines following ICD induction by 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA)/IFN-α combination, and commercial kinase inhibitor was used to identify the signaling pathway involved in its upregulation. A Mino cell line ectopically expressing PLSCR1 was generated to investigate the potential involvement of this protein in modulating ICD features. Whole TCLs obtained from Mino overexpressing PLSCR1 were used for DC loading, and loaded DCs were employed for generation of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. RESULTS The ICD inducer RA/IFN-α combination promoted PLSCR1 expression through STAT1 activation. PLSCR1 upregulation favored pro-apoptotic effects of RA/IFN-α treatment and enhanced the exposure of calreticulin on cell surface. Moreover, DCs loaded with TCLs obtained from Mino ectopically expressing PLSCR1 elicited in vitro greater T-cell-mediated antitumor responses compared with DCs loaded with TCLs derived from Mino infected with empty vector or the parental cell line. Conversely, PLSCR1 knock-down inhibited the stimulating activity of DCs loaded with RA/IFN-α-treated TCLs to elicit cyclin D1 peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PLSCR1 improved ICD-associated calreticulin exposure induced by RA/IFN-α and was clearly involved in DC-based vaccine efficiency as well, suggesting a potential contribution in the control of pathways associated to DC activation, possibly including those involved in antigen uptake and concomitant antitumor immune response activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Maria Julia Lamberti
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, INBIAS, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Debora Martorelli
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Katy Mastorci
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Maria Ravo
- Genomix4Life Srl, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.
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Wang J, Zhang ZQ, Gigliotti F, Wright TW. IFN-γ Limits Immunopathogenesis but Delays Fungal Clearance during Pneumocystis Pneumonia. J Immunol 2023; 211:1397-1405. [PMID: 37721419 PMCID: PMC10635584 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
High levels of IFN-γ are produced in the lung during an adaptive immune response to Pneumocystis, but the effects of this prototypical Th1 cytokine on fungal clearance and immunopathogenesis have not been fully defined. Therefore, Pneumocystis-infected immunodeficient mice were immune reconstituted and administered control or anti-IFN-γ neutralizing Ab to determine how IFN-γ regulates the balance between host defense and immune-mediated lung injury. Mice treated with anti-IFN-γ demonstrated an initial worsening of Pneumocystis pneumonia-related immunopathogenesis, with greater weight loss, heightened lung inflammation, and more severe pulmonary function deficits than control mice. However, IFN-γ neutralization also enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of Pneumocystis and accelerated fungal clearance. When anti-IFN-γ-treated mice were also given IL-4 and IL-13 to promote a Th2-biased lung environment, the accelerated fungal clearance was preserved, but the severity of immunopathogenesis was reduced, and a more rapid recovery was observed. A direct suppressive effect of IFN-γ on macrophages was required but was not solely responsible for delayed fungal clearance, suggesting that IFN-γ acts through multiple mechanisms that likely include modulation of both macrophage and Th polarization. Enhanced Pneumocystis clearance in anti-IFN-γ-treated and IFN-γR-deficient mice was associated with significantly elevated IL-17+ CD4+ T cells and IL-17 protein in the lungs. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-17, but not IL-4, signaling blocked the accelerated fungal clearance observed in anti-IFN-γ-treated mice. Together, these data demonstrate that although IFN-γ delays fungal clearance by suppressing the lung Th17 response, it also serves an important regulatory role that limits immunopathogenesis and preserves pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Zhuo-Qian Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Francis Gigliotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Terry W. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642
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McMahon CL, Esqueda M, Yu JJ, Wall G, Romo JA, Vila T, Chaturvedi A, Lopez-Ribot JL, Wormley F, Hung CY. Development of an Imaging Flow Cytometry Method for Fungal Cytological Profiling and Its Potential Application in Antifungal Drug Development. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:722. [PMID: 37504711 PMCID: PMC10381375 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated imaging techniques have been in increasing demand for the more advanced analysis and efficient characterization of cellular phenotypes. The success of the image-based profiling method hinges on assays that can rapidly and simultaneously capture a wide range of phenotypic features. We have developed an automated image acquisition method for fungal cytological profiling (FCP) using an imaging flow cytometer that can objectively measure over 250 features of a single fungal cell. Fungal cells were labeled with calcofluor white and FM4-64FX, which bind to the cell wall and lipophilic membrane, respectively. Images of single cells were analyzed using IDEAS® software. We first acquired FCPs of fungal cells treated with fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin, each with a distinct mode of action, to establish FCP databases of profiles associated with specific antifungal treatment. Once fully established, we investigated the potential application of this technique as a screening methodology to identify compounds with novel antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Altogether, we have developed a rapid, powerful, and novel image-profiling method for the phenotypic characterization of fungal cells, also with potential applications in antifungal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L McMahon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Marisol Esqueda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Gina Wall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jesus A Romo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Taissa Vila
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ashok Chaturvedi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jose L Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Floyd Wormley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Chiung-Yu Hung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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Roškar Z, Dreisinger M, Tič P, Homšak E, Bevc S, Goropevšek A. New Flow Cytometric Methods for Monitoring STAT5 Signaling Reveal Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Specific Stimulation in FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells also in Patients with Advanced Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:bios13050539. [PMID: 37232900 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased frequency of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Treg) has been associated with disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Flow cytometric methods, which allow for the simultaneous analysis of their specific transcription factor Foxp3 and activated STAT proteins, together with proliferation can help to elucidate the signaling mechanisms driving Treg expansion and suppression of FOXP3- conventional CD4+T-cells (Tcon). Herein, we first report a novel approach in which STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) and proliferation (BrdU-FITC incorporation) could be analyzed specifically in FOXP3+ and FOXP3- responding cells after CD3/CD28 stimulation. The addition of magnetically purified CD4+CD25+ T-cells from healthy donors to cocultured autologous CD4+CD25- T-cells resulted in suppression of Tcon cell cycle progression accompanied by a decrease in pSTAT5. Next, a method using imaging flow cytometry is presented for the detection of cytokine-dependent pSTAT5 nuclear translocation in FOXP3-expressing cells. Finally, we discuss our experimental data obtained by combining Treg pSTAT5 analysis and antigen-specific stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Applying these methods on samples from patients revealed Treg responses to antigen-specific stimulation and significantly higher basal pSTAT5 in CLL patients treated with immunochemotherapy. Thus, we speculate that through the use of this pharmacodynamic tool, the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs and their possible off-target effects can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Roškar
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Dreisinger
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Primož Tič
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Evgenija Homšak
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Bevc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Goropevšek
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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5
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Godino E, Restrepo Sierra AM, Danelon C. Imaging Flow Cytometry for High-Throughput Phenotyping of Synthetic Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2023. [PMID: 37155828 PMCID: PMC10367129 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The reconstitution of basic cellular functions in micrometer-sized liposomes has led to a surge of interest in the construction of synthetic cells. Microscopy and flow cytometry are powerful tools for characterizing biological processes in liposomes with fluorescence readouts. However, applying each method separately leads to a compromise between information-rich imaging by microscopy and statistical population analysis by flow cytometry. To address this shortcoming, we here introduce imaging flow cytometry (IFC) for high-throughput, microscopy-based screening of gene-expressing liposomes in laminar flow. We developed a comprehensive pipeline and analysis toolset based on a commercial IFC instrument and software. About 60 thousands of liposome events were collected per run starting from one microliter of the stock liposome solution. Robust population statistics from individual liposome images was performed based on fluorescence and morphological parameters. This allowed us to quantify complex phenotypes covering a wide range of liposomal states that are relevant for building a synthetic cell. The general applicability, current workflow limitations, and future prospects of IFC in synthetic cell research are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Godino
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Maria Restrepo Sierra
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Danelon
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France
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6
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Hope JL, Otero DC, Bae EA, Stairiker CJ, Palete AB, Faso HA, Lin M, Henriquez ML, Roy S, Seo H, Lei X, Wang ES, Chow S, Tinoco R, Daniels GA, Yip K, Campos AR, Yin J, Adams PD, Rao A, Bradley LM. PSGL-1 attenuates early TCR signaling to suppress CD8 + T cell progenitor differentiation and elicit terminal CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112436. [PMID: 37115668 PMCID: PMC10403047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein-1) is a T cell-intrinsic checkpoint regulator of exhaustion with an unknown mechanism of action. Here, we show that PSGL-1 acts upstream of PD-1 and requires co-ligation with the T cell receptor (TCR) to attenuate activation of mouse and human CD8+ T cells and drive terminal T cell exhaustion. PSGL-1 directly restrains TCR signaling via Zap70 and maintains expression of the Zap70 inhibitor Sts-1. PSGL-1 deficiency empowers CD8+ T cells to respond to low-affinity TCR ligands and inhibit growth of PD-1-blockade-resistant melanoma by enabling tumor-infiltrating T cells to sustain an elevated metabolic gene signature supportive of increased glycolysis and glucose uptake to promote effector function. This outcome is coupled to an increased abundance of CD8+ T cell stem cell-like progenitors that maintain effector functions. Additionally, pharmacologic blockade of PSGL-1 curtails T cell exhaustion, indicating that PSGL-1 represents an immunotherapeutic target for PD-1-blockade-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hope
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis C Otero
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher J Stairiker
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ashley B Palete
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hannah A Faso
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michelle Lin
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Monique L Henriquez
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sreeja Roy
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hyungseok Seo
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xue Lei
- Cancer Genome and Epigenetics, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric S Wang
- Cancer Molecular Therapeutics, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Savio Chow
- Cancer Genome and Epigenetics, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roberto Tinoco
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gregory A Daniels
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kevin Yip
- Cancer Genome and Epigenetics, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexandre Rosa Campos
- Proteomics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Bioinformatics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter D Adams
- Cancer Genome and Epigenetics, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Jung G, Kim S, Lee J, Yoo S. Deep learning-based optical approach for skin analysis of melanin and hemoglobin distribution. J Biomed Opt 2023; 28:035001. [PMID: 36992693 PMCID: PMC10042298 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.3.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Melanin and hemoglobin have been measured as important diagnostic indicators of facial skin conditions for aesthetic and diagnostic purposes. Commercial clinical equipment provides reliable analysis results, but it has several drawbacks: exclusive to the acquisition system, expensive, and computationally intensive. AIM We propose an approach to alleviate those drawbacks using a deep learning model trained to solve the forward problem of light-tissue interactions. The model is structurally extensible for various light sources and cameras and maintains the input image resolution for medical applications. APPROACH A facial image is divided into multiple patches and decomposed into melanin, hemoglobin, shading, and specular maps. The outputs are reconstructed into a facial image by solving the forward problem over skin areas. As learning progresses, the difference between the reconstructed image and input image is reduced, resulting in the melanin and hemoglobin maps becoming closer to their distribution of the input image. RESULTS The proposed approach was evaluated on 30 subjects using the professional clinical system, VISIA VAESTRO. The correlation coefficients for melanin and hemoglobin were found to be 0.932 and 0.857, respectively. Additionally, this approach was applied to simulated images with varying amounts of melanin and hemoglobin. CONCLUSION The proposed approach showed high correlation with the clinical system for analyzing melanin and hemoglobin distribution, indicating its potential for accurate diagnosis. Further calibration studies using clinical equipment can enhance its diagnostic ability. The structurally extensible model makes it a promising tool for various image acquisition conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunho Jung
- Lulu-lab, AI R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- Lulu-lab, AI R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongha Lee
- Lulu-lab, AI R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Yoo
- Lulu-lab, AI R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Pelicci S, Furia L, Pelicci PG, Faretta M. Correlative Multi-Modal Microscopy: A Novel Pipeline for Optimizing Fluorescence Microscopy Resolutions in Biological Applications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030354. [PMID: 36766696 PMCID: PMC9913119 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern fluorescence microscope is the convergence point of technologies with different performances in terms of statistical sampling, number of simultaneously analyzed signals, and spatial resolution. However, the best results are usually obtained by maximizing only one of these parameters and finding a compromise for the others, a limitation that can become particularly significant when applied to cell biology and that can reduce the spreading of novel optical microscopy tools among research laboratories. Super resolution microscopy and, in particular, molecular localization-based approaches provide a spatial resolution and a molecular localization precision able to explore the scale of macromolecular complexes in situ. However, its use is limited to restricted regions, and consequently few cells, and frequently no more than one or two parameters. Correlative microscopy, obtained by the fusion of different optical technologies, can consequently surpass this barrier by merging results from different spatial scales. We discuss here the use of an acquisition and analysis correlative microscopy pipeline to obtain high statistical sampling, high content, and maximum spatial resolution by combining widefield, confocal, and molecular localization microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Furia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Faretta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Villatoro A, Cuminetti V, Bernal A, Torroja C, Cossío I, Benguría A, Ferré M, Konieczny J, Vázquez E, Rubio A, Utnes P, You X, Fenton CG, Paulssen RH, Zhang J, Sánchez-Cabo F, Dopazo A, Vik A, Anderssen E, Hidalgo A, Arranz L. Endogenous IL-1 receptor antagonist restricts healthy and malignant myeloproliferation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 36596811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we explored the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) repressor cytokine, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1rn), in both healthy and abnormal hematopoiesis. Low IL-1RN is frequent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and represents a prognostic marker of reduced survival. Treatments with IL-1RN and the IL-1β monoclonal antibody canakinumab reduce the expansion of leukemic cells, including CD34+ progenitors, in AML xenografts. In vivo deletion of IL-1rn induces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation into the myeloid lineage and hampers B cell development via transcriptional activation of myeloid differentiation pathways dependent on NFκB. Low IL-1rn is present in an experimental model of pre-leukemic myelopoiesis, and IL-1rn deletion promotes myeloproliferation, which relies on the bone marrow hematopoietic and stromal compartments. Conversely, IL-1rn protects against pre-leukemic myelopoiesis. Our data reveal that HSC differentiation is controlled by balanced IL-1β/IL-1rn levels under steady-state, and that loss of repression of IL-1β signaling may underlie pre-leukemic lesion and AML progression.
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Aylon Y, Furth N, Mallel G, Friedlander G, Nataraj NB, Dong M, Hassin O, Zoabi R, Cohen B, Drendel V, Salame TM, Mukherjee S, Harpaz N, Johnson R, Aulitzky WE, Yarden Y, Shema E, Oren M. Breast cancer plasticity is restricted by a LATS1-NCOR1 repressive axis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7199. [PMID: 36443319 PMCID: PMC9705295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most frequent cancer in women, is generally classified into several distinct histological and molecular subtypes. However, single-cell technologies have revealed remarkable cellular and functional heterogeneity across subtypes and even within individual breast tumors. Much of this heterogeneity is attributable to dynamic alterations in the epigenetic landscape of the cancer cells, which promote phenotypic plasticity. Such plasticity, including transition from luminal to basal-like cell identity, can promote disease aggressiveness. We now report that the tumor suppressor LATS1, whose expression is often downregulated in human breast cancer, helps maintain luminal breast cancer cell identity by reducing the chromatin accessibility of genes that are characteristic of a "basal-like" state, preventing their spurious activation. This is achieved via interaction of LATS1 with the NCOR1 nuclear corepressor and recruitment of HDAC1, driving histone H3K27 deacetylation near NCOR1-repressed "basal-like" genes. Consequently, decreased expression of LATS1 elevates the expression of such genes and facilitates slippage towards a more basal-like phenotypic identity. We propose that by enforcing rigorous silencing of repressed genes, the LATS1-NCOR1 axis maintains luminal cell identity and restricts breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aylon
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Furth
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Mallel
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine (G-INCPM), The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nishanth Belugali Nataraj
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meng Dong
- grid.502798.10000 0004 0561 903XDr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and University of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ori Hassin
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rawan Zoabi
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Cohen
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vanessa Drendel
- grid.416008.b0000 0004 0603 4965Department of Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tomer Meir Salame
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Saptaparna Mukherjee
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nofar Harpaz
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Randy Johnson
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Walter E. Aulitzky
- grid.416008.b0000 0004 0603 4965Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yosef Yarden
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Shema
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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11
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Chan KL, Gomez J, Cardinez C, Kumari N, Sparbier CE, Lam EYN, Yeung MM, Garciaz S, Kuzich JA, Ong DM, Brown FC, Chan YC, Vassiliadis D, Wainwright EN, Motazedian A, Gillespie A, Fennell KA, Lai J, House IG, Macpherson L, Ang CS, Dawson SJ, Beavis PA, Wei AH, Burr ML, Dawson MA. Inhibition of the CtBP complex and FBXO11 enhances MHC class II expression and anti-cancer immune responses. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:1190-1206.e9. [PMID: 36179686 PMCID: PMC7615013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the prognostic significance of tumor cell major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression in anti-cancer immunity. Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) has recently been linked to MHC class II silencing in leukemic blasts; however, the regulation of MHC class II expression remains incompletely understood. Utilizing unbiased CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we identify that the C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) complex transcriptionally represses MHC class II pathway genes, while the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex component FBXO11 mediates degradation of CIITA, the principal transcription factor regulating MHC class II expression. Targeting these repressive mechanisms selectively induces MHC class II upregulation across a range of AML cell lines. Functionally, MHC class II+ leukemic blasts stimulate antigen-dependent CD4+ T cell activation and potent anti-tumor immune responses, providing fundamental insights into the graft-versus-leukemia effect. These findings establish the rationale for therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring tumor-specific MHC class II expression to salvage AML relapse post-alloSCT and also potentially to enhance immunotherapy outcomes in non-myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Lok Chan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Juliana Gomez
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Division of Genome Science and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chelisa Cardinez
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nishi Kumari
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Christina E Sparbier
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Enid Y N Lam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Miriam M Yeung
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sylvain Garciaz
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1068, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - James A Kuzich
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Doen Ming Ong
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Fiona C Brown
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yih-Chih Chan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dane Vassiliadis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elanor N Wainwright
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ali Motazedian
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Katie A Fennell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Junyun Lai
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Imran G House
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Macpherson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah-Jane Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Marian L Burr
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Division of Genome Science and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, ACT Pathology, Canberra Health Services, Canberra, ACT 2606, Australia.
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia.
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12
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Yao Y, Subedi K, Liu T, Khalasawi N, Pretto-Kernahan CD, Wotring JW, Wang J, Yin C, Jiang A, Fu C, Dimitrion P, Li J, Veenstra J, Yi Q, McKinnon K, McKinnon JE, Sexton JZ, Zhou L, Mi QS. Surface translocation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 upon TLR4/7/8 activation is required for SARS-CoV-2 infection in circulating monocytes. Cell Discov 2022; 8:89. [PMID: 36085197 PMCID: PMC9462622 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInfection of human peripheral blood cells by SARS-CoV-2 has been debated because immune cells lack mRNA expression of both angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease type 2 (TMPRSS2). Herein we demonstrate that resting primary monocytes harbor abundant cytoplasmic ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein and that circulating exosomes contain significant ACE2 protein. Upon ex vivo TLR4/7/8 stimulation, cytoplasmic ACE2 was quickly translocated to the monocyte cell surface independently of ACE2 transcription, while TMPRSS2 surface translocation occurred in conjunction with elevated mRNA expression. The rapid translocation of ACE2 to the monocyte cell surface was blocked by the endosomal trafficking inhibitor endosidin 2, suggesting that endosomal ACE2 could be derived from circulating ACE2-containing exosomes. TLR-stimulated monocytes concurrently expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 on the cell surface were efficiently infected by SARS-CoV-2, which was significantly mitigated by remdesivir, TMPRSS2 inhibitor camostat, and anti-ACE2 antibody. Mass cytometry showed that ACE2 surface translocation in peripheral myeloid cells from patients with severe COVID-19 correlated with its hyperactivation and PD-L1 expression. Collectively, TLR4/7/8-induced ACE2 translocation with TMPRSS2 expression makes circulating monocytes permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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13
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Mohanty S, Kumar A, Das P, Sahu SK, Mukherjee R, Ramachandranpillai R, Nair SS, Choudhuri T. Nm23-H1 induces apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma cells via inhibition of NF-κB signaling through interaction with oncogenic latent protein vFLIP K13 of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:967-989. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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14
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Deshayes F, Fradet M, Kaminski S, Viguier M, Frippiat J, Ghislin S. Link between the EZH2 noncanonical pathway and microtubule organization center polarization during early T lymphopoiesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12. [PMID: 35256668 PMCID: PMC8901749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
EZH2 plays an essential role at the β-selection checkpoint of T lymphopoiesis by regulating histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) via its canonical mode of action. Increasing data suggest that EZH2 could also regulate other cellular functions, such as cytoskeletal reorganization, via its noncanonical pathway. Consequently, we investigated whether the EZH2 noncanonical pathway could be involved in early T-cell maturation, which requires cell polarization. We observed that EZH2 localization is tightly regulated during the early stages of T-cell development and that EZH2 relocalizes in the nucleus of double-negative thymocytes enduring TCRβ recombination and β-selection processes. Furthermore, we observed that EZH2 and EED, but not Suz12, colocalize with the microtubule organization center (MTOC), which might prevent its inappropriate polarization in double negative cells. In accordance with these results, we evidenced the existence of direct or indirect interaction between EED and α-tubulin. Taken together, these results suggest that the EZH2 noncanonical pathway, in association with EED, is involved in the early stages of T-cell maturation.
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15
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Hu XX, Zhang AJ, Pan WW, Xin QL, Chen JY, Zhang LL, Chang Y, Wu YJ, Wei W. An IgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein restrains the activation of T and B cells by inhibiting IgD-IgDR-Lck signaling in rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:387-400. [PMID: 33864023 PMCID: PMC8791948 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis and the destruction of small joints. Emerging evidence shows that immunoglobulin D (IgD) stimulation induces T-cell activation, which may contribute to diseases pathogenesis in RA. In this study, we investigated the downstream signaling pathways by which IgD activated T cells as well as the possible role of IgD in the T-B interaction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy controls and RA patients. We demonstrated that IgD activated T cells through IgD receptor (IgDR)-lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck)-zeta-associated protein 70 (ZAP70)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways; IgD-induced CD4+ T cells promoted the proliferation of CD19+ B cells in RA patients. A novel fusion protein IgD-Fc-Ig (composed of human IgD-Fc domain and IgG1 Fc domain, which specifically blocked the IgD-IgDR binding) inhibited the coexpression of IgDR and phosphorylated Lck (p-Lck) and the expression levels of p-Lck, p-ZAP70, p-PI3K on CD4+ T cells, and decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation in Jurkat cells. Meanwhile, IgD-Fc-Ig downregulated the expression levels of CD40L on CD4+ T cells as well as CD40, CD86 on CD19+ B cells in RA patients and healthy controls. It also decreased the expression levels of CD40L on CD4+ T cells and CD40 on CD19+ B cells from spleens of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and reduced IL-17A level in mouse serum. Moreover, administration of IgD-Fc-Ig (1.625-13 mg/kg, iv, twice a week for 4 weeks) in CIA mice dose-dependently decreased the protein expression levels of CD40, CD40L, and IgD in spleens. IgD-Fc-Ig restrains T-cell activation through inhibiting IgD-IgDR-Lck-ZAP70-PI3K-NF-κB signaling, thus inhibiting B-cell activation. Our data provide experimental evidences for application of IgD-Fc-Ig as a highly selective T cell-targeting treatment for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-xi Hu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Ai-jun Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Wen-wen Pan
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Qian-ling Xin
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Jing-yu Chen
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Ling-ling Zhang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Yan Chang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Yu-jing Wu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032 China
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16
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Unni M, Reddy PC, Pal M, Sagi I, Galande S. Identification of Components of the Hippo Pathway in Hydra and Potential Role of YAP in Cell Division and Differentiation. Front Genet 2021; 12:676182. [PMID: 34691138 PMCID: PMC8526868 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.676182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in regulating cellular identity, cell/tissue size maintenance and mechanotransduction. The Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade which determines the nucleo-cytoplasmic localization of YAP in the cell. YAP is the effector protein in the Hippo pathway, which acts as a transcriptional cofactor for TEAD. Phosphorylation of YAP upon activation of the Hippo pathway prevents it from entering the nucleus and abrogates its function in the transcription of the target genes. In Cnidaria, the information on the regulatory roles of the Hippo pathway is virtually lacking. Here, we report the existence of a complete set of Hippo pathway core components in Hydra for the first time. By studying their phylogeny and domain organization, we report evolutionary conservation of the components of the Hippo pathway. Protein modelling suggested the conservation of YAP-TEAD interaction in Hydra. Further, we characterized the expression pattern of the homologs of yap, hippo, mob and sav in Hydra using whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization and report their possible role in stem cell maintenance. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that Hvul_YAP expressing cells occur in clusters in the body column and are excluded in the terminally differentiated regions. Actively proliferating cells marked by Ki67 exhibit YAP colocalization in their nuclei. Strikingly, a subset of these colocalized cells is actively recruited to the newly developing bud. Disruption of the YAP-TEAD interaction increased the budding rate indicating a critical role of YAP in regulating cell proliferation in Hydra. Collectively, we posit that the Hippo pathway is an essential signaling system in Hydra; its components are ubiquitously expressed in the Hydra body column and play a crucial role in Hydra tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Unni
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Puli Chandramouli Reddy
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Mrinmoy Pal
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi-NCR, India
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17
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Borowicz P, Sundvold V, Chan H, Abrahamsen G, Kjelstrup H, Nyman TA, Spurkland A. Tyr 192 Regulates Lymphocyte-Specific Tyrosine Kinase Activity in T Cells. J Immunol 2021; 207:1128-1137. [PMID: 34321230 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TCR signaling critically depends on the tyrosine kinase Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase). Two phosphotyrosines, the activating pTyr394 and the inhibitory pTyr505, control Lck activity. Recently, pTyr192 in the Lck SH2 domain emerged as a third regulator. How pTyr192 may affect Lck function remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of Lck Tyr192 using CRISPR/Cas9-targeted knock-in mutations in the human Jurkat T cell line. Our data reveal that both Lck pTyr394 and pTyr505 are controlled by Lck Tyr192 Lck with a nonphosphorylated SH2 domain (Lck Phe192) displayed hyperactivity, possibly by promoting Lck Tyr394 transphosphorylation. Lck Glu192 mimicking stable Lck pTyr192 was inhibited by Tyr505 hyperphosphorylation. To overcome this effect, we further mutated Tyr505 The resulting Lck Glu192/Phe505 displayed strongly increased amounts of pTyr394 both in resting and activated T cells. Our results suggest that a fundamental role of Lck pTyr192 may be to protect Lck pTyr394 and/or pTyr505 to maintain a pool of already active Lck in resting T cells. This provides an additional mechanism for fine-tuning of Lck as well as T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Vibeke Sundvold
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Hanna Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Greger Abrahamsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Hanna Kjelstrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and
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18
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Wortzel I, Maik-Rachline G, Yadav SS, Hanoch T, Seger R. Mitotic HOOK3 phosphorylation by ERK1c drives microtubule-dependent Golgi destabilization and fragmentation. iScience 2021; 24:102670. [PMID: 34189435 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK1c is an alternatively spliced isoform of ERK1 that specifically regulates mitotic Golgi fragmentation, which allows division of the Golgi during mitosis. We have previously shown that ERK1c translocates to the Golgi during mitosis where it is activated by a resident MEK1b to induce Golgi fragmentation. However, the mechanism of ERK1c functions in the Golgi remained obscure. Here, we searched for ERK1c substrates and identified HOOK3 as a mediator of ERK1c-induced mitotic Golgi fragmentation, which requires a second phosphorylation by AuroraA for its function. In cycling cells, HOOK3 interacts with microtubules (MTs) and links them to the Golgi. Early in mitosis, HOOK3 is phosphorylated by ERK1c and later by AuroraA, resulting in HOOK3 detachment from the MTs, and elevated interaction with GM130. This detachment modulates Golgi stability and allows fragmentation of the Golgi. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism of Golgi apparatus destabilization early in mitosis to allow mitotic progression. HOOK3 is a Golgi fragmentation-related substrate of ERK1c ERK1c phosphorylates HOOK3 on Ser238 and then AuroraA phosphorylates Ser707 Doubly phosphorylated HOOK3 detaches from microtubules and interacts with GM130 These changes destabilize the Golgi during mitosis and induce its fragmentation
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19
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Mostafizar M, Cortes-Pérez C, Snow W, Djordjevic J, Adlimoghaddam A, Albensi BC. Challenges with Methods for Detecting and Studying the Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:1335. [PMID: 34071243 PMCID: PMC8228352 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is highly expressed in almost all types of cells. NF-κB is involved in many complex biological processes, in particular in immunity. The activation of the NF-κB signaling pathways is also associated with cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders and even memory. Hence, NF-κB is a central factor for understanding not only fundamental biological presence but also pathogenesis, and has been the subject of intense study in these contexts. Under healthy physiological conditions, the NF-κB pathway promotes synapse growth and synaptic plasticity in neurons, while in glia, NF-κB signaling can promote pro-inflammatory responses to injury. In addition, NF-κB promotes the maintenance and maturation of B cells regulating gene expression in a majority of diverse signaling pathways. Given this, the protein plays a predominant role in activating the mammalian immune system, where NF-κB-regulated gene expression targets processes of inflammation and host defense. Thus, an understanding of the methodological issues around its detection for localization, quantification, and mechanistic insights should have a broad interest across the molecular neuroscience community. In this review, we summarize the available methods for the proper detection and analysis of NF-κB among various brain tissues, cell types, and subcellular compartments, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. We also summarize the flexibility and performance of these experimental methods for the detection of the protein, accurate quantification in different samples, and the experimental challenges in this regard, as well as suggestions to overcome common challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mostafizar
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Claudia Cortes-Pérez
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Wanda Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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20
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes more than 40 miRNAs that target cellular mRNAs to aid its infection, replication, and maintenance in individual cells and in its human host. Importin-7 (IPO7), also termed Imp7 or RanBPM7, is a nucleocytoplasmic transport protein that has been frequently identified as a target for two of these viral miRNAs. How the viral life cycle might benefit from regulating IPO7 has been unclear, though. We demonstrate with CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis that IPO7 is essential in at least three cells lines and that increasing its levels of expression inhibits growth of infected cells. EBV thus regulates the level of IPO7 to limit its accumulation consistent with its being required for survival of its host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Yang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bill Sugden
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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21
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Kober-Hasslacher M, Oh-Strauß H, Kumar D, Soberon V, Diehl C, Lech M, Engleitner T, Katab E, Fernández-Sáiz V, Piontek G, Li H, Menze B, Ziegenhain C, Enard W, Rad R, Böttcher JP, Anders HJ, Rudelius M, Schmidt-Supprian M. c-Rel gain in B cells drives germinal center reactions and autoantibody production. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3270-3286. [PMID: 32191641 DOI: 10.1172/jci124382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and locus amplification link the NF-κB transcription factor c-Rel to human autoimmune diseases and B cell lymphomas, respectively. However, the functional consequences of enhanced c-Rel levels remain enigmatic. Here, we overexpressed c-Rel specifically in mouse B cells from BAC-transgenic gene loci and demonstrate that c-Rel protein levels linearly dictated expansion of germinal center B (GCB) cells and isotype-switched plasma cells. c-Rel expression in B cells of otherwise c-Rel-deficient mice fully rescued terminal B cell differentiation, underscoring its critical B cell-intrinsic roles. Unexpectedly, in GCB cells transcription-independent regulation produced the highest c-Rel protein levels among B cell subsets. In c-Rel-overexpressing GCB cells this caused enhanced nuclear translocation, a profoundly altered transcriptional program, and increased proliferation. Finally, we provide a link between c-Rel gain and autoimmunity by showing that c-Rel overexpression in B cells caused autoantibody production and renal immune complex deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kober-Hasslacher
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hyunju Oh-Strauß
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Valeria Soberon
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Diehl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Eslam Katab
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Sáiz
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Piontek
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Hongwei Li
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Björn Menze
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Ziegenhain
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Renal Division, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Rahimi R, Malek I, Lerrer-Goldshtein T, Elkis Y, Shoval I, Jacob A, Shpungin S, Nir U. TMF1 is upregulated by insulin and is required for a sustained glucose homeostasis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21295. [PMID: 33475194 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001995r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-regulated glucose homeostasis is a critical and intricate physiological process, of which not all regulatory components have been deciphered. One of the key players in modulating glucose uptake by cells is the glucose transporter-GLUT4. In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory role of the trans-Golgi-associated protein-TATA Element Modulatory Factor (TMF1) in the GLUT4 mediated, insulin-directed glucose uptake. By establishing and using TMF1-/- myoblasts and mice, we examined the effect of TMF1 absence on the insulin driven functioning of GLUT4. We show that TMF1 is upregulated by insulin in myoblasts, and is essential for the formation of insulin responsive, glucose transporter GLUT4-containing vesicles. Absence of TMF1 leads to the retention of GLUT4 in perinuclear compartments, and to severe impairment of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 trafficking throughout the cytoplasm and to the cell plasma membrane. Accordingly, glucose uptake is impaired in TMF1-/- cells, and TMF1-/- mice are hyperglycemic. This is reflected by the mice impaired blood glucose clearance and increased blood glucose level. Correspondingly, TMF1-/- animals are leaner than their normal littermates. Thus, TMF1 is a novel effector of insulin-regulated glucose homeostasis, and dys-functioning of this protein may contribute to the onset of a diabetes-like disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Rahimi
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Israel Malek
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Lerrer-Goldshtein
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yoav Elkis
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Irit Shoval
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Avi Jacob
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sally Shpungin
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Uri Nir
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life-Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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23
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Tabachnick-Cherny S, Pinto S, Berko D, Curato C, Wolf Y, Porat Z, Karmona R, Tirosh B, Jung S, Navon A. Polyglutamine-Related Aggregates Can Serve as a Potent Antigen Source for Cross-Presentation by Dendritic Cells. J Immunol 2020; 205:2583-2594. [PMID: 33067378 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protective MHC class I-dependent immune responses require an overlap between repertoires of proteins directly presented on target cells and cross-presented by professional APC, specifically dendritic cells. How stable proteins that rely on defective ribosomal proteins for direct presentation are captured for cell-to-cell transfer remains enigmatic. In this study, we address this issue using a combination of in vitro (C57BL/6-derived mouse cell lines) and in vivo (C57BL/6 mouse strains) approaches involving stable and unstable versions of OVA model Ags displaying defective ribosomal protein-dependent and -independent Ag presentation, respectively. Apoptosis, but not necrosis, of donor cells was found associated with robust global protein aggregate formation and captured stable proteins permissive for cross-presentation. Potency of aggregates to serve as Ag source was directly demonstrated using polyglutamine-equipped model substrates. Collectively, our data implicate global protein aggregation in apoptotic cells as a mechanism that ensures the overlap between MHC class I epitopes presented directly or cross-presented by APC and demonstrate the unusual ability of dendritic cells to process stable protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Tabachnick-Cherny
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sivan Pinto
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dikla Berko
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yochai Wolf
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Department of Biological Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and
| | - Rotem Karmona
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Ami Navon
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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24
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Santos DM, Pantano L, Pronzati G, Grasberger P, Probst CK, Black KE, Spinney JJ, Hariri LP, Nichols R, Lin Y, Bieler M, Seither P, Nicklin P, Wyatt D, Tager AM, Medoff BD. Screening for YAP Inhibitors Identifies Statins as Modulators of Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:479-492. [PMID: 31944822 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0296oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease with limited therapeutic options that is characterized by pathological fibroblast activation and aberrant lung remodeling with scar formation. YAP (Yes-associated protein) is a transcriptional coactivator that mediates mechanical and biochemical signals controlling fibroblast activation. In this study, we developed a high-throughput small-molecule screen for YAP inhibitors in primary human lung fibroblasts. Multiple HMG-CoA (hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors (statins) were found to inhibit YAP nuclear localization via induction of YAP phosphorylation, cytoplasmic retention, and degradation. We further show that the mevalonate pathway regulates YAP activation, and that simvastatin treatment reduces fibrosis markers in activated human lung fibroblasts and in the bleomycin mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we show that simvastatin modulates YAP in vivo in mouse lung fibroblasts. Our results highlight the potential of small-molecule screens for YAP inhibitors and provide a mechanism for the antifibrotic activity of statins in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Pantano
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gina Pronzati
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Lida P Hariri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yufei Lin
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - David Wyatt
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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25
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Liu SQ, Gao X, Xie Y, Wang Q, Zhu WY. Rabies viruses of different virulence regulates inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro via MAPK and NF-κB pathway. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:70-82. [PMID: 32652362 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses and central nervous system dysfunction are two main factors to be considered during rabies virus (RABV) infection. However, the mechanisms by which RABV strains of different virulence regulate with chemokine expression and the signaling pathways responsible for the immune responses in the terminal stage of infection both in vivo and in vitro have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found low expression levels of proinflammatory chemokines in the mouse brain upon infection with street RABV strains (CXZ17 and HN10) at the late stage of infection. We also examined the difference in inflammatory response upon infection with RABV strains of different virulence in a mouse model. We found that the expression of proinflammatory chemokines increased to a varying degree upon infection with street RABV (CXZ17 and HN10) or laboratory-fixed RABV (CVS-11, aG, and CTN); CXCL10, CCL5, and CCL2 were the most significantly upregulated chemokines in brain tissue and microglial BV-2 cells in response to infection with RABV strains of different virulence. Our data also demonstrate significant activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in mouse brain tissue at the late stage of RABV infection. We also found (i) low phosphorylation signals of MAPK and NF-κB p65 in neuronal cells upon infection with CXZ17 and HN10 in the mouse brain and (ii) strong phosphorylation signals in cerebrovascular endothelial cells and neuronal cells upon CTN or aG infection. Moreover, we quantified the nuclear localization status of MAPK signals and NF-κB p65 upon infection with CVS-11, aG, and CTN in BV-2 cells in vitro. We also found (i) that the activation of the p38, ERK1/2, and NF-κB p65 pathway, which stimulates CXCL10, CCL5, and CCL2 expression upon infection with RABV strains of different virulence (aG, CTN, and CVS-11), is triggered after virus entry into BV-2 cells and (ii) that the expression of CXCL10, CCL5, and CCL2 is required for the activation of NF-κB, p38, and ERK1/2, but not JNK. Overall, our study provides insight into the regulation of inflammatory responses mediated by MAPK and NF-κB in the mouse brain and in microglial cells upon RABV infection of different virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China; Pathogenic Microbiology Institute, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China; College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wu Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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26
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Habtamu M, Abrahamsen G, Aseffa A, Andargie E, Ayalew S, Abebe M, Spurkland A. High-throughput analysis of T cell-monocyte interaction in human tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:187-199. [PMID: 32348546 PMCID: PMC7366737 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of efficient tools for identifying immunological correlates of tuberculosis (TB) protection or risk of disease progression impedes the development of improved control strategies. To more clearly understand the host response in TB, we recently established an imaging flow cytometer‐based in‐vitro assay, which assesses multiple aspects of T cell–monocyte interaction. Here, we extended our previous work and characterized communication between T cells and monocytes using clinical samples from individuals with different TB infection status and healthy controls from a TB endemic setting. To identify T cell–monocyte conjugates, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with ds‐Red‐expressing Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin or 6‐kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT 6) peptides for 6 h, and analyzed by imaging flow cytometer (IFC). We then enumerated T cell–monocyte conjugates using polarization of T cell receptor (TCR) and F‐actin as markers for synapse formation, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) nuclear translocation in the T cells. We observed a reduced frequency of T cell–monocyte conjugates in cells from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB) compared to latent TB‐infected (LTBI) and healthy controls. When we monitored NF‐κB nuclear translocation in T cells interacting with monocytes, the proportion of responding cells was significantly higher in active pTB compared with LTBI and controls. Overall, these data underscore the need to consider multiple immunological parameters against TB, where IFC could be a valuable tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Habtamu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Olso, Norway.,Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - G Abrahamsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Olso, Norway
| | - A Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - E Andargie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - S Ayalew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - M Abebe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - A Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Olso, Norway
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27
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Dekel E, Abou Karam P, Ohana-Daniel Y, Biton M, Regev-Rudzki N, Porat Z. Antibody-Free Labeling of Malaria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E98. [PMID: 32349226 PMCID: PMC7277110 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound structures that are believed to play a major role in intercellular communication by allowing cells to exchange proteins and genetic cargo between them. In particular, pathogens, such as the malaria parasite Plasmodium (P.) falciparum, utilize EVs to promote their growth and to alter their host's response. Thus, better characterization of these secreted organelles will enhance our understanding of the cellular processes that govern EVs' biology and pathological functions. Here we present a method that utilizes a high-end flow cytometer system to characterize small EVs, i.e., with a diameter less than 200 nm. Using this method, we could evaluate different parasite-derived EV populations according to their distinct cargo by using antibody-free labeling. It further allows to closely monitor a sub-population of vesicles carrying parasitic DNA cargo. This ability paves the way to conducting a more 'educated' analysis of the various EV cargo components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elya Dekel
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (E.D.); (P.A.K.); (Y.O.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Paula Abou Karam
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (E.D.); (P.A.K.); (Y.O.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Yael Ohana-Daniel
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (E.D.); (P.A.K.); (Y.O.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Mirit Biton
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (E.D.); (P.A.K.); (Y.O.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (E.D.); (P.A.K.); (Y.O.-D.); (M.B.)
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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28
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Greenberg EN, Marshall ME, Jin S, Venkatesh S, Dragan M, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE, Nie Q, Takahashi JS, Andersen B. Circadian control of interferon-sensitive gene expression in murine skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5761-5771. [PMID: 32132203 PMCID: PMC7084068 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915773117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock coordinates a variety of immune responses with signals from the external environment to promote survival. We investigated the potential reciprocal relationship between the circadian clock and skin inflammation. We treated mice topically with the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist imiquimod (IMQ) to activate IFN-sensitive gene (ISG) pathways and induce psoriasiform inflammation. IMQ transiently altered core clock gene expression, an effect mirrored in human patient psoriatic lesions. In mouse skin 1 d after IMQ treatment, ISGs, including the key ISG transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 7 (Irf7), were more highly induced after treatment during the day than the night. Nuclear localization of phosphorylated-IRF7 was most prominently time-of-day dependent in epidermal leukocytes, suggesting that these cell types play an important role in the diurnal ISG response to IMQ. Mice lacking Bmal1 systemically had exacerbated and arrhythmic ISG/Irf7 expression after IMQ. Furthermore, daytime-restricted feeding, which affects the phase of the skin circadian clock, reverses the diurnal rhythm of IMQ-induced ISG expression in the skin. These results suggest a role for the circadian clock, driven by BMAL1, as a negative regulator of the ISG response, and highlight the finding that feeding time can modulate the skin immune response. Since the IFN response is essential for the antiviral and antitumor effects of TLR activation, these findings are consistent with the time-of-day-dependent variability in the ability to fight microbial pathogens and tumor initiation and offer support for the use of chronotherapy for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suoqin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Sanan Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Morgan Dragan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697;
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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29
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Mancuso RV, Casper J, Schmidt AG, Krähenbühl S, Weitz-Schmidt G. Anti-αLβ2 antibodies reveal novel endocytotic cross-modulatory functionality. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2696-2711. [PMID: 31985813 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antibodies targeting cell surface receptors are considered to enable highly selective therapeutic interventions for immune disorders and cancer. Their biological profiles are found, generally, to represent the net effects of antibody-target interactions. The former therapeutic anti-integrin αLβ2 antibody efalizumab seems to defeat this paradigm by eliciting, via mechanisms currently unknown, much broader effects than would be predicted based on its target specificity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To elucidate the mechanisms behind these broad effects, we investigated in primary human lymphocytes in vitro the effects of anti-αLβ2 antibodies on the expression of αLβ2 as well as unrelated α4 integrins, in comparison to Fab fragments and small-molecule inhibitors. KEY RESULTS We demonstrate that anti-αLβ2 mAbs directly induce the internalization of α4 integrins. The endocytotic phenomenon is a direct consequence of their antibody nature. It is inhibited when monovalent Fab fragments or small-molecule inhibitors are used. It is independent of crosslinking via anti-Fc mAbs and of αLβ2 activation. The cross-modulatory effect is unidirectional and not observed in a similar fashion with the α4 integrin antibody natalizumab. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The present study identifies endocytotic cross-modulation as a hitherto unknown non-canonical functionality of anti-αLβ2 antibodies. This cross-modulation has the potential to fundamentally alter an antibody's benefit risk profile, as evident with efalizumab. The newly described phenomenon may be of relevance to other therapeutic antibodies targeting cluster-forming receptors. Thus, pharmacologists should be cognizant of this action when investigating such antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo V Mancuso
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Casper
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Weitz-Schmidt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,AlloCyte Pharmaceuticals AG, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Eisenberg-Lerner A, Benyair R, Hizkiahou N, Nudel N, Maor R, Kramer MP, Shmueli MD, Zigdon I, Cherniavsky Lev M, Ulman A, Sagiv JY, Dayan M, Dassa B, Rosenwald M, Shachar I, Li J, Wang Y, Dezorella N, Khan S, Porat Z, Shimoni E, Avinoam O, Merbl Y. Golgi organization is regulated by proteasomal degradation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:409. [PMID: 31964869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is a dynamic organelle whose correct assembly is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Perturbations in Golgi structure are associated with numerous disorders from neurodegeneration to cancer. However, whether and how dispersal of the Golgi apparatus is actively regulated under stress, and the consequences of Golgi dispersal, remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that 26S proteasomes are associated with the cytosolic surface of Golgi membranes to facilitate Golgi Apparatus-Related Degradation (GARD) and degradation of GM130 in response to Golgi stress. The degradation of GM130 is dependent on p97/VCP and 26S proteasomes, and required for Golgi dispersal. Finally, we show that perturbation of Golgi homeostasis induces cell death of multiple myeloma in vitro and in vivo, offering a therapeutic strategy for this malignancy. Taken together, this work reveals a mechanism of Golgi-localized proteasomal degradation, providing a functional link between proteostasis control and Golgi architecture, which may be critical in various secretion-related pathologies. Correct Golgi assembly is important to cellular homeostasis but regulation of its structure under stress remains unclear. Here, the authors identify stress-induced degradation of GM130 by Golgi-localized 26S proteasomes, leading to Golgi dispersal.
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31
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Yahia-Cherbal H, Rybczynska M, Lovecchio D, Stephen T, Lescale C, Placek K, Larghero J, Rogge L, Bianchi E. NFAT primes the human RORC locus for RORγt expression in CD4 + T cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4698. [PMID: 31619674 PMCID: PMC6795897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells have crucial functions in mucosal immunity and the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. The lineage-specific transcription factor, RORγt, encoded by the RORC gene modulates Th17 polarization and function, as well as thymocyte development. Here we define several regulatory elements at the human RORC locus in thymocytes and peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes, with CRISPR/Cas9-guided deletion of these genomic segments supporting their role in RORγt expression. Mechanistically, T cell receptor stimulation induces cyclosporine A-sensitive histone modifications and P300/CBP acetylase recruitment at these elements in activated CD4+ T cells. Meanwhile, NFAT proteins bind to these regulatory elements and activate RORγt transcription in cooperation with NF-kB. Our data thus demonstrate that NFAT specifically regulate RORγt expression by binding to the RORC locus and promoting its permissive conformation. The master transcription factor RORγt, encoded by the RORC gene, controls the polarization of CD4+ T cells expressing interleukin-17 (Th17). Here the authors describe several regulatory elements at the RORC locus that are recognized by NFAT and NFkB to induce a permissive epigenetic configuration of the RORC gene for RORγt expression and Th17 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Yahia-Cherbal
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Magda Rybczynska
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Colloides et Matériaux Divisés, École supérieure de Physique et de Chimie industrielles, Paris, France
| | - Domenica Lovecchio
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Tharshana Stephen
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Technologie et Service Cytométrie et Biomarqueurs (UTechS CB), Centre de recherche translationnelle (CRT), Paris, France
| | - Chloé Lescale
- Institut Pasteur, Genome Integrity, Immunity and Cancer Unit, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Immunology, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France.,Immunology and Metabolism, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jérome Larghero
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Cell Therapy Unit and Cord Blood Bank; CIC de Biothérapies, CBT501, Paris, France
| | - Lars Rogge
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Institut Pasteur, Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France.
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32
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Isozaki A, Mikami H, Hiramatsu K, Sakuma S, Kasai Y, Iino T, Yamano T, Yasumoto A, Oguchi Y, Suzuki N, Shirasaki Y, Endo T, Ito T, Hiraki K, Yamada M, Matsusaka S, Hayakawa T, Fukuzawa H, Yatomi Y, Arai F, Di Carlo D, Nakagawa A, Hoshino Y, Hosokawa Y, Uemura S, Sugimura T, Ozeki Y, Nitta N, Goda K. A practical guide to intelligent image-activated cell sorting. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:2370-2415. [PMID: 31278398 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent image-activated cell sorting (iIACS) is a machine-intelligence technology that performs real-time intelligent image-based sorting of single cells with high throughput. iIACS extends beyond the capabilities of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from fluorescence intensity profiles of cells to multidimensional images, thereby enabling high-content sorting of cells or cell clusters with unique spatial chemical and morphological traits. Therefore, iIACS serves as an integral part of holistic single-cell analysis by enabling direct links between population-level analysis (flow cytometry), cell-level analysis (microscopy), and gene-level analysis (sequencing). Specifically, iIACS is based on a seamless integration of high-throughput cell microscopy (e.g., multicolor fluorescence imaging, bright-field imaging), cell focusing, cell sorting, and deep learning on a hybrid software-hardware data management infrastructure, enabling real-time automated operation for data acquisition, data processing, intelligent decision making, and actuation. Here, we provide a practical guide to iIACS that describes how to design, build, characterize, and use an iIACS machine. The guide includes the consideration of several important design parameters, such as throughput, sensitivity, dynamic range, image quality, sort purity, and sort yield; the development and integration of optical, microfluidic, electrical, computational, and mechanical components; and the characterization and practical usage of the integrated system. Assuming that all components are readily available, a team of several researchers experienced in optics, electronics, digital signal processing, microfluidics, mechatronics, and flow cytometry can complete this protocol in ~3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Isozaki
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideharu Mikami
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Sakuma
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kasai
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takanori Iino
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamano
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Microbiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yasumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Takuro Ito
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Hiraki
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamada
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayakawa
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Microbiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihito Arai
- Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Atsuhiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Sugimura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Nitta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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33
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Liao Z, Ye Z, Xue Z, Wu L, Ouyang Y, Yao C, Cui C, Xu N, Ma J, Hou G, Wang J, Meng Y, Yin Z, Liu Y, Qian J, Zhang C, Ding H, Guo Q, Qu B, Shen N. Identification of Renal Long Non-coding RNA RP11-2B6.2 as a Positive Regulator of Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway in Lupus Nephritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:975. [PMID: 31130957 PMCID: PMC6509587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Type I interferon (IFN-I) is associated with the pathogenesis of LN. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE, however, the roles of lncRNAs in LN are still poorly understood. Here, we identified and investigated the function of LN-associated lncRNA RP11-2B6.2 in regulating IFN-I signaling pathway. Methods: RNA sequencing was used to analyze the expression of lncRNAs in kidney biopsies from LN patients and controls. Antisense oligonucleotides and CRISPRi system or overexpression plasmids and CRISPRa system were used to perform loss or gain of function experiments. In situ hybridization, imaging flow cytometry, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and ATAC sequencing were used to study the functions of lncRNA RP11-2B6.2. RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western blotting were done to detect RNA and protein levels of specific genes. Results: Elevated lncRNA RP11-2B6.2 was observed in kidney biopsies from LN patients and positively correlated with disease activity and IFN scores. Knockdown of lncRNA RP11-2B6.2 in renal cells inhibited the expression of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), while overexpression of lncRNA RP11-2B6.2 enhanced ISG expression. Knockdown of LncRNA RP11-2B6.2 inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK1, TYK2, and STAT1 in IFN-I pathway, while promoted the chromatin accessibility and the transcription of SOCS1. Conclusion: The expression of lncRNAs is abnormal in the kidney of LN. LncRNA RP11-2B6.2 is a novel positive regulator of IFN-I pathway through epigenetic inhibition of SOCS1, which provides a new therapeutic target to alleviate over-activated IFN-I signaling in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Liao
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhong Ye
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixin Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Ouyang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaojie Cui
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyang Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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34
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Pekle E, Smith A, Rosignoli G, Sellick C, Smales CM, Pearce C. Application of Imaging Flow Cytometry for the Characterization of Intracellular Attributes in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Lines at the Single-Cell Level. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800675. [PMID: 30925020 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical manufacturing using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells requires the generation of high-producing clonal cell lines. During cell line development, cell cloning using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) has the potential to combine isolation of single cells with sorting based on specific cellular attributes that correlate with productivity and/or growth, identifying cell lines with desirable phenotypes for manufacturing. This study describes the application of imaging flow cytometry (IFC) to characterize recombinant cell lines at the single-cell level to identify cell attributes predictive of productivity. IFC assays are developed to quantify the organelle content and recombinant heavy-chain (HC) and light-chain (LC) polypeptide as well as messenger RNA (mRNA) amounts in single cells. The assays are then validated against orthogonal standard flow cytometry, western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methods. The authors describe how these IFC assays may be used in cell line development and show how cellular properties can be correlated with productivity at the single-cell level, allowing the isolation of such cells during the cloning process. From the analysis, HC polypeptide and mRNA are found to be predictive of productivity early in the culture; however, specific organelle content did not show any correlation with productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pekle
- MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.,Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | | | | | | | - C M Smales
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NJ, UK
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35
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Curato C, Bernshtein B, Zupancič E, Dufner A, Jaitin D, Giladi A, David E, Chappell-Maor L, Leshkowitz D, Knobeloch KP, Amit I, Florindo HF, Jung S. DC Respond to Cognate T Cell Interaction in the Antigen-Challenged Lymph Node. Front Immunol 2019; 10:863. [PMID: 31073301 PMCID: PMC6496461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are unrivaled in their potential to prime naive T cells by presenting antigen and providing costimulation. DC are furthermore believed to decode antigen context by virtue of pattern recognition receptors and to polarize T cells through cytokine secretion toward distinct effector functions. Diverse polarized T helper (TH) cells have been explored in great detail. In contrast, studies of instructing DC have to date largely been restricted to in vitro settings or adoptively transferred DC. Here we report efforts to unravel the DC response to cognate T cell encounter in antigen-challenged lymph nodes (LN). Mice engrafted with antigen-specific T cells were immunized with nanoparticles (NP) entrapping adjuvants and absorbed with antigen to study the immediate DC response to T cell encounter using bulk and single cell RNA-seq profiling. NP induced robust antigen-specific TH1 cell responses with minimal bystander activation. Fluorescent-labeled NP allowed identification of antigen-carrying DC and focus on transcriptional changes in DC that encounter T cells. Our results support the existence of a bi-directional crosstalk between DC and T cells that promotes TH1 responses, including involvement of the ubiquitin-like molecule Isg15 that merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Curato
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Biana Bernshtein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eva Zupancič
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Almut Dufner
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Neuropathology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Diego Jaitin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Neuropathology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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36
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Yaakov LB, Mutsafi Y, Porat Z, Dadosh T, Minsky A. Kinetics of Mimivirus Infection Stages Quantified Using Image Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2019; 95:534-548. [PMID: 31017743 PMCID: PMC6593739 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity of viruses and their hosts, a comprehensive view of viral infection is best achieved by analyzing large populations of infected cells. However, information regarding variation in infected cell populations is lost in bulk measurements. Motivated by an interest in the temporal progression of events in virally infected cells, we used image flow cytometry (IFC) to monitor changes in Acanthamoeba polyphaga cells infected with Mimivirus. This first use of IFC to study viral infection required the development of methods to preserve morphological features of adherent amoeba cells prior to detachment and analysis in suspension. It also required the identification of IFC parameters that best report on key events in the Mimivirus infection cycle. The optimized IFC protocol enabled the simultaneous monitoring of diverse processes including generation of viral factories, transport, and fusion of replication centers within the cell, accumulation of viral progeny, and changes in cell morphology for tens of thousands of cells. After obtaining the time windows for these processes, we used IFC to evaluate the effects of perturbations such as oxidative stress and cytoskeletal disruptors on viral infection. Accurate dose‐response curves could be generated, and we found that mild oxidative stress delayed multiple stages of virus production, but eventually infection processes occurred with approximately the same amplitudes. We also found that functional actin cytoskeleton is required for fusion of viral replication centers and later for the production of viral progeny. Through this report, we demonstrate that IFC offers a quantitative, high‐throughput, and highly robust approach to study viral infection cycles and virus–host interactions. © The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Ben Yaakov
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Mutsafi
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, NHLBI, NIH, 50 South Drive, 20892, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ziv Porat
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Tali Dadosh
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Abraham Minsky
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
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37
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Markey KA, Gartlan KH. Imaging Flow Cytometry to Assess Antigen-Presenting-Cell Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 125:e72. [PMID: 30840360 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes methods for quantifying phagocytosis and imaging the immunological synapse between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), with both techniques delivering valuable information about APC function. These aspects of APC biology have traditionally been challenging to quantify, and imaging flow cytometry, which harnesses the high-throughput nature of flow cytometry combined with the capacity of microscopy to deliver spatial localization, facilitates analysis of these APC functions in a fashion that was previously not possible. Imaging flow cytometry allows large numbers of events to be captured and large amounts of fluorescence data to be quantified at the physical location of markers of interest, both on the cell surface and in intracellular compartments, combining key features of traditional flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Markey
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kate H Gartlan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Sperber HS, Welke RW, Petazzi RA, Bergmann R, Schade M, Shai Y, Chiantia S, Herrmann A, Schwarzer R. Self-association and subcellular localization of Puumala hantavirus envelope proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:707. [PMID: 30679542 PMCID: PMC6345964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus assembly and budding are governed by the surface glycoproteins Gn and Gc. In this study, we investigated the glycoproteins of Puumala, the most abundant Hantavirus species in Europe, using fluorescently labeled wild-type constructs and cytoplasmic tail (CT) mutants. We analyzed their intracellular distribution, co-localization and oligomerization, applying comprehensive live, single-cell fluorescence techniques, including confocal microscopy, imaging flow cytometry, anisotropy imaging and Number&Brightness analysis. We demonstrate that Gc is significantly enriched in the Golgi apparatus in absence of other viral components, while Gn is mainly restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Importantly, upon co-expression both glycoproteins were found in the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, we show that an intact CT of Gc is necessary for efficient Golgi localization, while the CT of Gn influences protein stability. Finally, we found that Gn assembles into higher-order homo-oligomers, mainly dimers and tetramers, in the ER while Gc was present as mixture of monomers and dimers within the Golgi apparatus. Our findings suggest that PUUV Gc is the driving factor of the targeting of Gc and Gn to the Golgi region, while Gn possesses a significantly stronger self-association potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Sabeth Sperber
- Institute for Biology, IRI Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Robert-William Welke
- Institute for Biology, IRI Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Arturo Petazzi
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ronny Bergmann
- Institute for Biology, IRI Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schade
- Institute for Biology, IRI Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Salvatore Chiantia
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute for Biology, IRI Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roland Schwarzer
- Institute for Biology, IRI Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. .,Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA, 95158, USA.
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Mohapatra S, Weisshaar JC. Modified Pearson correlation coefficient for two-color imaging in spherocylindrical cells. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:428. [PMID: 30445904 PMCID: PMC6240329 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The revolution in fluorescence microscopy enables sub-diffraction-limit ("superresolution") localization of hundreds or thousands of copies of two differently labeled proteins in the same live cell. In typical experiments, fluorescence from the entire three-dimensional (3D) cell body is projected along the z-axis of the microscope to form a 2D image at the camera plane. For imaging of two different species, here denoted "red" and "green", a significant biological question is the extent to which the red and green spatial distributions are positively correlated, anti-correlated, or uncorrelated. A commonly used statistic for assessing the degree of linear correlation between two image matrices R and G is the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC). PCC should vary from - 1 (perfect anti-correlation) to 0 (no linear correlation) to + 1 (perfect positive correlation). However, in the special case of spherocylindrical bacterial cells such as E. coli or B. subtilis, we show that the PCC fails both qualitatively and quantitatively. PCC returns the same + 1 value for 2D projections of distributions that are either perfectly correlated in 3D or completely uncorrelated in 3D. The PCC also systematically underestimates the degree of anti-correlation between the projections of two perfectly anti-correlated 3D distributions. The problem is that the projection of a random spatial distribution within the 3D spherocylinder is non-random in 2D, whereas PCC compares every matrix element of R or G with the constant mean value [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. We propose a modified Pearson Correlation Coefficient (MPCC) that corrects this problem for spherocylindrical cell geometry by using the proper reference matrix for comparison with R and G. Correct behavior of MPCC is confirmed for a variety of numerical simulations and on experimental distributions of HU and RNA polymerase in live E. coli cells. The MPCC concept should be generalizable to other cell shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonisilpa Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,Present Address: Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, USA.
| | - James C Weisshaar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Lonetto G, Koifman G, Silberman A, Attery A, Solomon H, Levin-Zaidman S, Goldfinger N, Porat Z, Erez A, Rotter V. Mutant p53-dependent mitochondrial metabolic alterations in a mesenchymal stem cell-based model of progressive malignancy. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1566-81. [PMID: 30413783 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that malignant transformation is associated with unique metabolism. Malignant transformation involves a variety of cellular pathways that are associated with initiation and progression of the malignant process that remain to be deciphered still. Here we used a mouse model of mutant p53 that presents a stepwise progressive transformation of adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). While the established parental p53Mut-MSCs induce tumors, the parental p53WT-MSCs that were established in parallel, did not. Furthermore, tumor lines derived from the parental p53Mut-MSCs (p53Mut-MSC-TLs), exhibited yet a more aggressive transformed phenotype, suggesting exacerbation in tumorigenesis. Metabolic tracing of these various cell types, indicated that while malignant transformation is echoed by a direct augmentation in glycolysis, the more aggressive p53Mut-MSC-TLs demonstrate increased mitochondrial oxidation that correlates with morphological changes in mitochondria mass and function. Finally, we show that these changes are p53Mut-dependent. Computational transcriptional analysis identified a mitochondrial gene signature specifically downregulated upon knock/out of p53Mut in MSC-TLs. Our results suggest that stem cells exhibiting different state of malignancy are also associated with a different quantitative and qualitative metabolic profile in a p53Mut-dependent manner. This may provide important insights for cancer prognosis and the use of specific metabolic inhibitors in a personalized designed cancer therapy.
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Abstract
Heterogeneity among individual cells is a characteristic and relevant feature of living systems. A range of experimental techniques to investigate this heterogeneity is available, and multiple modelling frameworks have been developed to describe and simulate the dynamics of heterogeneous populations. Measurement data are used to adjust computational models, which results in parameter and state estimation problems. Methods to solve these estimation problems need to take the specific properties of data and models into account. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the state of the art in estimation methods for heterogeneous cell population data and models. The focus is on models based on the population balance equation, but stochastic and individual-based models are also discussed. It starts with a brief discussion of common experimental approaches and types of measurement data that can be obtained in this context. The second part describes computational modelling frameworks for heterogeneous populations and the types of estimation problems occurring for these models. The third part starts with a discussion of observability and identifiability properties, after which the computational methods to solve the various estimation problems are described.
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Furth N, Pateras IS, Rotkopf R, Vlachou V, Rivkin I, Schmitt I, Bakaev D, Gershoni A, Ainbinder E, Leshkowitz D, Johnson RL, Gorgoulis VG, Oren M, Aylon Y. LATS1 and LATS2 suppress breast cancer progression by maintaining cell identity and metabolic state. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800171. [PMID: 30456386 PMCID: PMC6238411 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In luminal B tumors LATS2 depletion results in metabolic rewiring whereas LATS1 depletion promotes the expression of basal-like features. Deregulated activity of LArge Tumor Suppressor (LATS) tumor suppressors has broad implications on cellular and tissue homeostasis. We examined the consequences of down-regulation of either LATS1 or LATS2 in breast cancer. Consistent with their proposed tumor suppressive roles, expression of both paralogs was significantly down-regulated in human breast cancer, and loss of either paralog accelerated mammary tumorigenesis in mice. However, each paralog had a distinct impact on breast cancer. Thus, LATS2 depletion in luminal B tumors resulted in metabolic rewiring, with increased glycolysis and reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of PPARγ elicited LATS2-dependent death in luminal B-derived cells. In contrast, LATS1 depletion augmented cancer cell plasticity, skewing luminal B tumors towards increased expression of basal-like features, in association with increased resistance to hormone therapy. Hence, these two closely related paralogs play distinct roles in protection against breast cancer; tumors with reduced expression of either LATS1 or LATS2 may rewire signaling networks differently and thus respond differently to anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Furth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vassiliki Vlachou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irina Rivkin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ina Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deborah Bakaev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anat Gershoni
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elena Ainbinder
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Chow KT, Wilkins C, Narita M, Green R, Knoll M, Loo YM, Gale M. Differential and Overlapping Immune Programs Regulated by IRF3 and IRF5 in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. J Immunol 2018; 201:3036-3050. [PMID: 30297339 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined the signaling pathways and cell type-specific responses of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 5, an immune-regulatory transcription factor. We show that the protein kinases IKKα, IKKβ, IKKε, and TANK-binding kinase 1 each confer IRF5 phosphorylation/dimerization, thus extending the family of IRF5 activator kinases. Among primary human immune cell subsets, we found that IRF5 is most abundant in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Flow cytometric cell imaging revealed that IRF5 is specifically activated by endosomal TLR signaling. Comparative analyses revealed that IRF3 is activated in pDCs uniquely through RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling. Transcriptomic analyses of pDCs show that the partitioning of TLR7/IRF5 and RLR/IRF3 pathways confers differential gene expression and immune cytokine production in pDCs, linking IRF5 with immune regulatory and proinflammatory gene expression. Thus, TLR7/IRF5 and RLR-IRF3 partitioning serves to polarize pDC response outcome. Strategies to differentially engage IRF signaling pathways should be considered in the design of immunotherapeutic approaches to modulate or polarize the immune response for specific outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan T Chow
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and
| | - Courtney Wilkins
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata Prefecture 950-2181, Japan
| | - Richard Green
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Megan Knoll
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Yueh-Ming Loo
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109;
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109;
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Halpern KB, Shenhav R, Massalha H, Toth B, Egozi A, Massasa EE, Medgalia C, David E, Giladi A, Moor AE, Porat Z, Amit I, Itzkovitz S. Paired-cell sequencing enables spatial gene expression mapping of liver endothelial cells. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:962-970. [PMID: 30222169 PMCID: PMC6546596 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Spatially resolved single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) is a powerful approach to infer connections between a cell’s identity and its position within a tissue. We recently combined scRNAseq with spatially-mapped landmark genes to infer the expression zonation of hepatocytes. However, determining zonation of small cells with low mRNA content or without highly expressed landmark genes, remains challenging. Here, we present paired-cell sequencing, whereby mRNA from pairs of attached cells are sequenced and gene expression from one cell type is used to infer the pairs’ tissue coordinates. We apply the method to pairs of hepatocytes and liver endothelial cells (LECs). Using the spatial information from hepatocytes, we reconstruct LEC zonation and extract a landmark gene panel that we use to spatially map LEC scRNAseq data. Our approach reveals expression of both Wnt ligands and the Dkk3 Wnt antagonist in distinct pericentral LEC sub-populations. This approach can be used to reconstruct spatial expression maps of non-parenchymal cells in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rom Shenhav
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hassan Massalha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Beata Toth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Egozi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efi E Massasa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chiara Medgalia
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- The Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Faculty, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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45
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Nitta N, Sugimura T, Isozaki A, Mikami H, Hiraki K, Sakuma S, Iino T, Arai F, Endo T, Fujiwaki Y, Fukuzawa H, Hase M, Hayakawa T, Hiramatsu K, Hoshino Y, Inaba M, Ito T, Karakawa H, Kasai Y, Koizumi K, Lee S, Lei C, Li M, Maeno T, Matsusaka S, Murakami D, Nakagawa A, Oguchi Y, Oikawa M, Ota T, Shiba K, Shintaku H, Shirasaki Y, Suga K, Suzuki Y, Suzuki N, Tanaka Y, Tezuka H, Toyokawa C, Yalikun Y, Yamada M, Yamagishi M, Yamano T, Yasumoto A, Yatomi Y, Yazawa M, Di Carlo D, Hosokawa Y, Uemura S, Ozeki Y, Goda K. Intelligent Image-Activated Cell Sorting. Cell 2018; 175:266-276.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Koifman G, Shetzer Y, Eizenberger S, Solomon H, Rotkopf R, Molchadsky A, Lonetto G, Goldfinger N, Rotter V. A Mutant p53-Dependent Embryonic Stem Cell Gene Signature Is Associated with Augmented Tumorigenesis of Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5833-5847. [PMID: 30154152 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 are the most frequent alterations in human cancer. These mutations include p53-inactivating mutations as well as oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations that endow p53 with capabilities to promote tumor progression. A primary challenge in cancer therapy is targeting stemness features and cancer stem cells (CSC) that account for tumor initiation, metastasis, and cancer relapse. Here we show that in vitro cultivation of tumors derived from mutant p53 murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) gives rise to aggressive tumor lines (TL). These MSC-TLs exhibited CSC features as displayed by their augmented oncogenicity and high expression of CSC markers. Comparative analyses between MSC-TL with their parental mutant p53 MSC allowed for identification of the molecular events underlying their tumorigenic properties, including an embryonic stem cell (ESC) gene signature specifically expressed in MSC-TLs. Knockout of mutant p53 led to a reduction in tumor development and tumorigenic cell frequency, which was accompanied by reduced expression of CSC markers and the ESC MSC-TL signature. In human cancer, MSC-TL ESC signature-derived genes correlated with poor patient survival and were highly expressed in human tumors harboring p53 hotspot mutations. These data indicate that the ESC gene signature-derived genes may serve as new stemness-based prognostic biomarkers as well as novel cancer therapeutic targets.Significance: Mesenchymal cancer stem cell-like cell lines express a mutant p53-dependent embryonic stem cell gene signature, which can serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5833-47. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Koifman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Shetzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shay Eizenberger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hilla Solomon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Bioinformatic unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alina Molchadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Lonetto
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naomi Goldfinger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Rotter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Habtamu M, Abebe M, Aseffa A, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Spurkland A, Abrahamsen G. In vitro analysis of antigen induced T cell-monocyte conjugates by imaging flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2018; 460:93-100. [PMID: 29981305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of suitable correlates of immune protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. T cells and monocytes play key roles in host immunity against Mtb. Thus, a method that allows assessing their interaction would contribute to the understanding of immune regulation in tuberculosis (TB). We have established imaging flow cytometer (IFC) based in vitro assay for the analysis of early events in T cell-monocyte interaction, upstream of cytokine production and T cell proliferation. This was achieved through short term stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy Norwegian blood donors with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). In our assay, we examined the kinetics of BCG uptake by monocytes using fluorescently labeled BCG and T cell-monocyte interaction based on synapse formation (CD3/TCR polarization). Our results showed that BCG stimulation induced a gradual increase in the proportion of conjugated T cells displaying NF-κB translocation to the nucleus in a time dependent manner, with the highest frequency observed at 6 h. We subsequently tested PBMC from a small cohort of active TB patients (n = 7) and observed a similar BCG induced NF-κB translocation in T cells conjugated with monocytes. The method allowed for simultaneous evaluation of T cell-monocyte conjugates and T cell activation as measured by NF-κB translocation, following short-term challenge of human PBMC with BCG. Whether this novel approach could serve as a diagnostic or prognostic marker needs to be investigated using a wide array of Mtb specific antigens in a larger cohort of patients with different TB infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Habtamu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Abebe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise
- Department of Infectious Disease, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Greger Abrahamsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
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48
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Njikan S, Manning AJ, Ovechkina Y, Awasthi D, Parish T. High content, high-throughput screening for small molecule inducers of NF-κB translocation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199966. [PMID: 29953522 PMCID: PMC6023200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is an important mediator of immune activity and its activation is essential in mounting immune response to pathogens. Here, we describe the optimization and implementation of a high-throughput screening platform that utilizes high content imaging and analysis to monitor NF-κB nuclear translocation. We screened 38,991 compounds from three different small molecule libraries and identified 103 compound as hits; 31% of these were active in a dose response assay. Several of the molecules lacked cytotoxicity or had a selectivity index of more than 2-fold. Our image-based approach provides an important first step towards identifying small molecules with immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Njikan
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Alyssa J. Manning
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Yulia Ovechkina
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Divya Awasthi
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ofir-Birin Y, Abou Karam P, Rudik A, Giladi T, Porat Z, Regev-Rudzki N. Monitoring Extracellular Vesicle Cargo Active Uptake by Imaging Flow Cytometry. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1011. [PMID: 29881375 PMCID: PMC5976745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are essential for long distance cell–cell communication. They function as carriers of different compounds, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Pathogens, like malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum, Pf), excel in employing vesicle release to mediate cell communication in diverse processes, particularly in manipulating the host response. Establishing research tools to study the interface between pathogen-derived vesicles and their host recipient cells will greatly benefit the scientific community. Here, we present an imaging flow cytometry (IFC) method for monitoring the uptake of malaria-derived vesicles by host immune cells. By staining different cargo components, we were able to directly track the cargo’s internalization over time and measure the kinetics of its delivery. Impressively, we demonstrate that this method can be used to specifically monitor the translocation of a specific protein within the cellular milieu upon internalization of parasitic cargo; namely, we were able to visually observe how uptaken parasitic Pf-DNA cargo leads to translocation of transcription factor IRF3 from the cytosol to the nucleus within the recipient immune cell. Our findings demonstrate that our method can be used to study cellular dynamics upon vesicle uptake in different host–pathogen and pathogen–pathogen systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Ofir-Birin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paula Abou Karam
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Rudik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Giladi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Durbin KR, Phipps C, Liao X. Mechanistic Modeling of Antibody-Drug Conjugate Internalization at the Cellular Level Reveals Inefficient Processing Steps. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1341-1351. [PMID: 29592884 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) offer an avenue for specific drug delivery to target cells. Here, parameters with important roles in the cellular processing of ADCs were quantitatively measured for Ab033, an antibody against EGFR. In EGFR-overexpressing cancer cell lines, Ab033 internalized at rates of 0.047/min and 0.15/min for A431 and H441 cells, respectively. Once internalized, Ab033 either trafficked to the lysosome or was recycled; up to 45% of internalized Ab033 returned to the cell surface. Despite such recycling, intracellular accumulation of Ab033 continually increased over 24 hours. Ab033 was conjugated to form a dual toxin ADC containing both cleavable and non-cleavable linker-drug payloads for release rate comparisons. Intracellular concentrations of freed drug from cleavable linker were greater than from non-cleavable linker and exceeded 5 × 106 drug molecules per A431 cell after 24 hours. Compared with intracellular antibody accumulation, formation of released drug was delayed, likely due to the time needed for endo-lysosomal trafficking and subsequent linker/antibody proteolysis. Informed by the quantitative data, a cellular ADC model was constructed and used to summarize processing inefficiencies. Modeling simulations were conducted to determine parameter sensitivity on intracellular drug concentrations, with rates of EGFR internalization and recycling as well as ADC trafficking found to be the most sensitive toward final intracellular drug concentrations. Overall, this study shows Ab033 ADCs to be a viable strategy for delivery of cytotoxic drugs into tumor cells with subsequent modeling efforts able to highlight key processing steps to be improved for increased drug delivery. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1341-51. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Durbin
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Colin Phipps
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Process R&D Department, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
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