1
|
Xu YJ, Zhang YN, Xue-Yang, Hao SP, Wang YJ, Yang XX, Shen YQ, Su Q, Xiao YD, Liu JQ, Li WS, He QH, Chen Y, Wang LL, Guo HZ, Xia QY, Mita K. Proteotranscriptomic analyses of the midgut and Malpighian tubules after a sublethal concentration of Cry1Ab exposure on Spodoptera litura. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2587-2595. [PMID: 38265118 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cry1Ab has emerged as a bio-insecticide to control Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). However, the sublethal effects of Cry1Ab on the physiological changes and molecular level of S. litura have not been well documented. Our aims in this study were to assess the sublethal effect of Cry1Ab on S. litura, including midgut and Malpighian tubules as targets. RESULTS After sublethal Cry1Ab exposure, distinct histological alterations were mainly observed in the midgut. Furthermore, the results of comparative RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag-based proteomics showed that, in the midgut, most differential expression genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and significantly enriched in the serine protease activity pathway, and up-regulated differential expression proteins (DEPs) were mainly associated with the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, whereas the down-regulated involved in the ribosome pathways. In the Malpighian tubules, DEGs and DEPs were significantly enriched in the ribosome pathway. We proposed that ribosome may act as a universal target in energy metabolism with other pathways via the results of protein-protein interaction analysis. Further, by verification of the mRNA expression of some Cry protein receptor and detoxification genes after Cry1Ab treatment, it was suggested that the ribosomal proteins (RPs) possibly participate in influencing the Bt-resistance of S. litura larvae under sublethal Cry1Ab exposure. CONCLUSION Under sublethal Cry1Ab exposure, the midgut of S. litura was damaged, and the proteotranscriptomic analysis elucidated that Cry1Ab disrupted the energy homeostasis of larvae. Furthermore, we emphasized the potential role of ribosomes in sublethal Cry1Ab exposure. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Xu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Ning Zhang
- Weste College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shao-Peng Hao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jue Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Qin Shen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Su
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Dan Xiao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Qiu Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Shun Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi-Hua He
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ling Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Guo
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-You Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kazuei Mita
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khairy M, Ayoub HA, Rashwan FA, Abdel-Hafez HF. Sea urchin-like calcium borate microspheres and synergistic action with cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides for ecofriendly Spodoptera littoralis control. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1006-1017. [PMID: 34105591 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanoagrochemicals has attracted much attention in the last decade to overcome the recent agricultural and environmental challenges associated with the intensive usage of insecticides. Herein, nanostructured calcium borate materials with hierarchical sea urchin-like microspheres and microblocks have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The insecticidal activity of CaB2O4 and its synergistic combination with cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides are explored against Spodoptera littoralis (S. littoralis) for the first time via a feeding bioassay protocol. The insecticidal efficacy of sea urchin-like microspheres (CB-A) is estimated to be LC50 = 207 mg L-1 which is two-fold higher than that of microblocks (CBM-A) with LC50 = 406 mg L-1 after eleven days of exposure. The synergistic combination of the CB-A sample with methomyl and chlorpyrifos increases the toxicity to 2.4 and 2.6-fold higher than that of the individual insecticides, respectively. Significantly, sea urchin-like CaB2O4 microspheres cause physical damage to the external insect's cuticle layer, which consequently enhances the uptake of organic insecticides. Our results revealed that calcium borate micro-/nano-structures can be employed as a multifunctional nanoagrochemical in various agricultural programs for S. littoralis control and decrease the usage of cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khairy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Haytham A Ayoub
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt and Plant Protection Research Institute, A. R. C., Nadi El-Said Street - Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Farouk A Rashwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Hanan F Abdel-Hafez
- Plant Protection Research Institute, A. R. C., Nadi El-Said Street - Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Toxicity and cytopathology mediated by Bacillus thuringiensis in the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sci Rep 2019; 9:6667. [PMID: 31040309 PMCID: PMC6491604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinsecticides and transgenic plants, based on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are important when managing Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a soybean defoliator pest. The interaction of these toxins with the caterpillar’s midgut cells determines their efficacy as an insecticide. The objective was to evaluate the toxicity of B. thuringiensis, subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 and cytopathological changes mediated by these bacterial toxins in the midgut of A. gemmatalis caterpillars. Insecticidal efficacy was determined by calculating lethal concentration values (LC25, LC50, LC75, LC90 and LC99) in the laboratory. Midgut fragments from A. gemmatalis were extracted after bacterial ingestion and evaluated by light, transmission electron and confocal microscopy. The Bt median lethal concentrations showed toxicity [LC50 = 0.46 (0.43–0.49) mg mL−1] to fourth instar A. gemmatalis caterpillars after 108 hours. Bt induces severe cytotoxicity to A. gemmatalis midgut epithelial cells with increasing exposure over time, causing cellular disorganization, microvillus degeneration, cell fragmentation and protrusion, peritrophic membrane rupture, and cell vacuolization. The cell nuclei presented condensed chromatin and an increase in lysosome numbers. Apoptosis occurred in the midgut cells of caterpillars exposed to Bt. A regenerative response in A. gemmatalis caterpillars was observed 8 hours after exposure to Bt, however this response was not continuous. Toxins produced by Bt are harmful to A. gemmatalis at median concentration with structural damage and death of the midgut epithelial cells of this insect.
Collapse
|
4
|
Oliveira AC, Wanderley-Teixeira V, Silva CT, Teixeira ÁA, Siqueira HA, Cruz GS, Neto CJCL, Lima AL, Correia MT. Labeling membrane receptors with lectins and evaluation of the midgut histochemistry of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations with different levels of susceptibility to formulated Bt. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2608-2617. [PMID: 29700928 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that insects can adapt to the toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis under field and laboratory conditions through the development of resistance to the bacterium and its formulations. This has been demonstrated in the failure to control Tuta absoluta populations in Brazil. This study evaluated membrane receptors using peroxidase-labeled lectins and the midgut histochemistry of T. absoluta populations to assess susceptibility to the insecticides Bt fomulations. The histochemistry analysis used Periodic Acid-Schiff for glycogen and Ponceau Xylidine for total proteins. The presence of glucose/mannose and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) was analyzed using specific lectins. One susceptible and one tolerant population were used in the study; insects were exposed to the insecticide concentrations recommended by the manufacturers. The midgut was collected after an interval of 20 min and analyzed using optical microscopy. RESULTS Bt fomulation interferes with the glycogen content, whereas XenTari® interferes with the protein content, irrespective of the level of susceptibility. High expression of GalNAc residues was observed using soybean lectin labeling, indicating a direct relationship between the glycosylation pattern and susceptibility to Bt fomulation in the Pelotas population. CONCLUSION The use of Bt fomulation caused greater alterations in the larval intestinal histophysiology compared to the use of XenTari® . © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andresa Cb Oliveira
- Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Ts Silva
- Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Ac Teixeira
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Herbert Aa Siqueira
- Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Glauciane S Cruz
- Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Clovis J C Lapa Neto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lr Lima
- Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Ts Correia
- Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva C, Wanderley-Teixeira V, Cunha FM, Oliveira JV, Dutra KA, Navarro DF, Teixeira A. Effects of citronella oil (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) midgut and fat body. Biotech Histochem 2017; 93:36-48. [PMID: 29205073 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1379612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is the principal pest of corn in Brazil. Control is achieved primarily by synthetic insecticides, which cause problems for the agro-ecosystem. Alternative methods of control are under investigation and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oil appears to be a promising agent. We investigated the effects of citronella oil using histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The midgut of larvae treated with citronella exhibited altered epithelium including cytoplasmic protrusions, columnar cell extrusion, pyknotic nuclei, and increased periodic acid-Schiff positive granules. Regenerative cells in the epithelium of the midgut increased in number, which facilitated subsequent regeneration of this tissue. After exposure to citronella, trophocytes, the principal cell type of the fat body, possessed enlarged vacuoles and mitotic bodies, and contained reduced amounts of glycogen, lipid, and protein. Citronella oil caused morphological changes of the midgut and reduction of stored resources in the fat body, which may adversely affect insect reproduction and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cts Silva
- a Departments of 1Agronomy-Entomology
| | - V Wanderley-Teixeira
- a Departments of 1Agronomy-Entomology.,b Morphology and Animal Physiology , Rural Federal University of Pernambuco , Dois Irmãos
| | - F M Cunha
- c Frassinetti Faculty of Recife , Boa Vista
| | | | - K A Dutra
- a Departments of 1Agronomy-Entomology
| | - Dma Ferraz Navarro
- d Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Chemistry , Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária , Recife , Brazil
| | - Aac Teixeira
- b Morphology and Animal Physiology , Rural Federal University of Pernambuco , Dois Irmãos
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Using phage display technology to obtain Crybodies active against non-target insects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14922. [PMID: 29097681 PMCID: PMC5668233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are increasingly important in the biological control of insect pests and vectors of human disease. Markets for Bt products and transgenic plants expressing their toxins are driven by their specificity, safety and the move away from chemical control agents. However, the high specificity of Cry toxins can also prove to be a limitation when there is no known Cry toxin active against a particular target. Novel activities can be discovered by screening natural Bt isolates or through modifications of the Cry proteins. Here we demonstrate the use of λ-phage displaying Cry1Aa13 toxin variants modified in domain II loop 2 (Crybodies) to select retargeted toxins. Through biopanning using gut tissue from larvae of the non-target insect Aedes aegypti, we isolated a number of phage for further testing. Two of the overexpressed Cry toxin variants showed significant activity against A. aegypti larvae while another induced mortality at the pupal stage. We present the first report of the use of phage display to identify novel activities toward insects from distant taxonomic Orders and establish this technology based on the use of Crybodies as a powerful tool for developing tailor-made insecticides against new target insects.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chauhan VK, Dhania NK, Chaitanya RK, Senthilkumaran B, Dutta-Gupta A. Larval Mid-Gut Responses to Sub-Lethal Dose of Cry Toxin in Lepidopteran Pest Achaea janata. Front Physiol 2017; 8:662. [PMID: 28928675 PMCID: PMC5591868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of homogeneity in field application of Bacillus thuringiensis formulation often results in ingestion of sub-lethal doses of the biopesticide by a fraction of pest population and there by promotes the toxin tolerance and resistance in long term. Gut regeneration seems to be one of the possible mechanism by which this is accomplished. However, the existing information is primarily derived from in vitro studies using mid-gut cell cultures. Present study illustrates cellular and molecular changes in mid-gut epithelium of a Bt-susceptible polyphagous insect pest castor semilooper, Achaea janata in response to a Cry toxin formulation. The present report showed that prolonged exposure to sub-lethal doses of Cry toxin formulation has deleterious effect on larval growth and development. Histological analysis of mid-gut tissue exhibits epithelial cell degeneration, which is due to necrotic form of cell death followed by regeneration through enhanced proliferation of mid-gut stem cells. Cell death is demonstrated by confocal microscopy, flow-cytometry, and DNA fragmentation analysis. Cell proliferation in control vs. toxin-exposed larvae is evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and toluidine blue staining. Intriguingly, in situ mRNA analysis detected the presence of arylphorin transcripts in larval mid-gut epithelial cells. Quantitative PCR analysis further demonstrates altered expression of arylphorin gene in toxin-exposed larvae when compared with the control. The coincidence of enhanced mid-gut cell proliferation coincides with the elevated arylphorin expression upon Cry intoxication suggests that it might play a role in the regeneration of mid-gut epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Chauhan
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
| | - Narender K Dhania
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
| | - R K Chaitanya
- Centre for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of PunjabBathinda, India
| | | | - Aparna Dutta-Gupta
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Castagnola A, Jurat-Fuentes JL. Intestinal regeneration as an insect resistance mechanism to entomopathogenic bacteria. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 15:104-10. [PMID: 27436739 PMCID: PMC4957658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium of insects is exposed to xenobiotics and entomopathogens during the feeding developmental stages. In these conditions, an effective enterocyte turnover mechanism is highly desirable to maintain integrity of the gut epithelial wall. As in other insects, the gut of lepidopteran larvae have stem cells that are capable of proliferation, which occurs during molting and pathogenic episodes. While much is known on the regulation of gut stem cell division during molting, there is a current knowledge gap on the molecular regulation of gut healing processes after entomopathogen exposure. Relevant information on this subject is emerging from studies of the response to exposure to insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) as model intoxicants. In this work we discuss currently available data on the molecular cues involved in gut stem cell proliferation, insect gut healing, and the implications of enhanced healing as a potential mechanism of resistance against Bt toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Castagnola
- Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abd El-Ghany NM, Saker M, Salama HS, Ragaie M. Histopathology of the larval midgut of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) fed on Bacillus thuringiensis crystals and Bt-tomato plants. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:221-225. [PMID: 30647587 PMCID: PMC6299884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The histopathological effects of the spore-crystal complex of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolate, as well as Cry 2Ab gene expressed in transgenic tomato plants on the midgut of 4th instar larva of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidea) has been investigated using the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Remarkable ultrastructural changes were observed in the columnar and goblet cells of the larval midgut after feeding on either transgenic tomato leaves, or spore-crystal complex of Bt. The effects observed included breakdown of microvilli of epithelial cells, increase in the electron density of the cytoplasm and vacuolation associated with different sizes of lysosomes; interruption of the goblet cells and distorted goblet cavities which lost their cytoplasmic projections; destruction of the mitochondria which lost their cristae; degeneration of the endoplasmic reticulum; collapse of the nucleus associated with rupture of nuclear envelope and clumped chromatin. Feeding the larvae on transgenic Bt-tomato plants caused in addition to the aforementioned changes severe vacuolation and degeneration of the nucleus in both columnar and goblet cells and the nuclear membrane was broken into electron dense ring spheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M Abd El-Ghany
- Dept. of Pests and Plant Protection Dept., National Research Center, Egypt
| | - M Saker
- Dept. of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Center, President of Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H S Salama
- Dept. of Pests and Plant Protection Dept., National Research Center, Egypt
| | - M Ragaie
- Dept. of Pests and Plant Protection Dept., National Research Center, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramalho FS, Pachú JKS, Lira ACS, Malaquias JB, Zanuncio JC, Fernandes FS. Feeding and dispersal behavior of the cotton leafworm, Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Bt and non-Bt cotton: implications for evolution and resistance management. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111588. [PMID: 25369211 PMCID: PMC4219722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The host acceptance of neonate Alabama argillacea (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Bt cotton plants exerts a strong influence on the potential risk that this pest will develop resistance to Bt cotton. This will also determine the efficiency of management strategies to prevent its resistance such as the “refuge-in-the-bag” strategy. In this study, we assessed the acceptance of neonate A. argillacea larvae to Bt and non-Bt cotton plants at different temperatures during the first 24 h after hatching. Two cotton cultivars were used in the study, one a Bt DP 404 BG (Bollgard) cultivar, and the other, an untransformed isoline, DP 4049 cultivar. There was a greater acceptance by live neonate A. argillacea larvae for the non-Bt cotton plants compared with the Bt cotton plants, especially in the time interval between 18 and 24 h. The percentages of neonate A. argillacea larvae found on Bt or non-Bt plants were lower when exposed to temperatures of 31 and 34°C. The low acceptance of A. argillacea larvae for Bt cotton plants at high temperatures stimulated the dispersion of A. argillacea larvae. Our results support the hypothesis that the dispersion and/or feeding behavior of neonate A. argillacea larvae is different between Bt and non-Bt cotton. The presence of the Cry1Ac toxin in Bt cotton plants, and its probable detection by the A. argillacea larvae tasting or eating it, increases the probability of dispersion from the plant where the larvae began. These findings may help to understand how the A. argillacea larvae detect the Cry1Ac toxin in Bt cotton and how the toxin affects the dispersion behavior of the larvae over time. Therefore, our results are extremely important for the management of resistance in populations of A. argillacea on Bt cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco S. Ramalho
- Unidade de Controle Biológico, Embrapa Algodão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Jéssica K. S. Pachú
- Unidade de Controle Biológico, Embrapa Algodão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Aline C. S. Lira
- Unidade de Controle Biológico, Embrapa Algodão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - José B. Malaquias
- Unidade de Controle Biológico, Embrapa Algodão, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - José C. Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu X, Li J, Guo W, Li R, Zhao D, Li X. A new type I peritrophic membrane protein from larval Holotrichia oblita (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) binds to chitin. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6831-42. [PMID: 24758927 PMCID: PMC4013664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritrophic membranes (PMs) are composed of chitin and protein. Chitin and protein play important roles in the structural formation and function of the PM. A new type I PM protein, HoCBP76, was identified from the Holotrichia oblita. HoCBP76 was shown as a 62.3 kDa protein by SDS-PAGE analysis and appeard to be associated with the PM throughout its entire length. In H. oblita larvae, the midgut is the only tissue where HoCBP76 could be detected during the feeding period of the larvae. The predicted amino acid sequence indicates that it contains seven tandem chitin binding domains belonging to the peritrophin-A family. HoCBP76 has chitin binding activity and is strongly associated with the PM. The HoCBP76 was not a mucin-like glycoprotein, and the consensus of conserved cysteines appeared to be CX13–17CX5CX9CX12CX7C. Western blot analysis showed that the abundance of HoCBP76 in the anterior, middle and posterior regions of the midgut was similar, indicating that HoCBP76 was secreted by the whole midgut epithelium, and confirmed the H. oblita PM belonged to the Type I PM. Immunolocalization analysis showed that HoCBP76 was mainly localized in the PM. The HoCBP76 is the first PM protein found in the H. oblita; however, its biochemical and physiological functions require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Shijiazhuang Development and Reform Commission, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ruijun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei/Biological Control Centre of Plant Pathogens and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei/Biological Control Centre of Plant Pathogens and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Xinna Li
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei/Biological Control Centre of Plant Pathogens and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mode of Action and Specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in the Control of Caterpillars and Stink Bugs in Soybean Culture. ISRN MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 2014:135675. [PMID: 24575310 PMCID: PMC3918364 DOI: 10.1155/2014/135675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces delta-endotoxins that possess toxic properties and can be used as biopesticides, as well as a source of genes for the construction of transgenic plants resistant to insects. In Brazil, the introduction of Bt soybean with insecticidal properties to the velvetbean caterpillar, the main insect pest of soybean, has been seen a promising tool in the management of these agroecosystems. However, the increase in stink bug populations in this culture, in various regions of the country, which are not susceptible to the existing genetically modified plants, requires application of chemicals that damage the environment. Little is known about the actual toxicity of Bt to Hemiptera, since these insects present sucking mouthparts, which hamper toxicity assays with artificial diets containing toxins of this bacterium. In recent studies of cytotoxicity with the gut of different hemipterans, susceptibility in the mechanism of action of delta-endotoxins has been demonstrated, which can generate promising subsidies for the control of these insect pests in soybean. This paper aims to review the studies related to the selection, application and mode of action of Bt in the biological control of the major pest of soybean, Anticarsia gemmatalis, and an analysis of advances in research on the use of Bt for control hemipterans.
Collapse
|
13
|
Duan X, Xu J, Ling E, Zhang P. Expression of Cry1Aa in cassava improves its insect resistance against Helicoverpa armigera. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:131-141. [PMID: 23325479 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-0004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lepidopteran insects affect cassava production globally, especially in intercropping system. The expression of Cry toxins in transgenic crops has contributed to an efficient control of insect pests, leading to a significant reduction in chemical insecticide usage. Helicoverpa armigera is a Lepidopteran pest that feeds on a wide range of plants like cotton and cassava. In the present study, transgenic cassava plants over-expressing Cry1Aa, which we named as Bt cassava, were developed and used to evaluate its efficacy against H. armigera as a model. Insect feeding assays were carried out to test the effects of Bt cassava leaves on the development and survival of H. armigera. Significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the survival and weight were detected on larvae fed with Bt cassava leaves in comparison with those fed with wild-type cassava leaves. The higher expression of Cry1Aa in transgenic cassava caused the lethal effect in larvae, in contrast to the normal growth and development of adults and pupation observed when fed with wild-type leaves. Morphological observation on the larval midguts showed that the consumption of Bt cassava affected the gut integrity of H. armigera. The columnar cells of the midgut epithelium were dramatically damaged and showed loose or disordered structure. Their cytoplasms become highly vacuolated and contained disorganized microvilli. Our study demonstrated that the transgenic cassava expressing the Cry1Aa is effective in controlling H. armigera. Our Bt transgenic cassava plant would provide a long-term beneficial effect on all crops in intercropping system, which in-turn, will be profitable to the farmers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, SIBS-ETH Shanghai Center for Cassava Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gomes FM, Carvalho DB, Machado EA, Miranda K. Ultrastructural and functional analysis of secretory goblet cells in the midgut of the lepidopteran Anticarsia gemmatalis. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:313-26. [PMID: 23397424 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Defoliation caused by Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae affects the commercial production of the soybean. Although regulation of the digestion of soybean components has become part of the suggested strategy to overcome problems caused by Anticarsia larvae, few studies have focused on the morphological and cellular aspects of Anticarsia intestinal tissue. We have therefore further analyzed the morphology and ultrastructure of the midgut of 5th instar larvae of A. gemmatalis. Dissected midgut was subjected to chemical or cryo-fixation and then to several descriptive and analytical techniques associated with both light and electron microscopy in order to correlate anatomical and physiological aspects of this organ. Histological analysis revealed typical anatomy composed of a cell layer limited by a peritrophic membrane. The identified lepidoptera-specific goblet cells were shown to contain several mitochondria inside microvilli of the goblet cell cavity and a vacuolar H(+)-ATPase possibly coupled to a K(+)-pumping system. Columnar cells were present and exhibited microvilli dispersed along the apical region that also presented secretory characteristics. We additionally found evidence for the secretion of polyphosphate (PolyP) into the midgut, a result corroborating previous reports suggesting an excretion route from the goblet cell cavity toward the luminal space. Thus, our results suggest that the Anticarsia midgut not only possesses several typical lepidopteran features but also presents some unique aspects such as the presence of a tubular network and PolyP-containing apocrine secretions, plus an apparent route for the release of cellular debris by the goblet cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Gomes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Valaitis AP, Podgwaite JD. Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxin-binding glycoconjugates present on the brush border membrane and in the peritrophic membrane of the Douglas-fir tussock moth are peritrophins. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 112:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
16
|
Pérez-Hedo M, López C, Albajes R, Eizaguirre M. Low susceptibility of non-target Lepidopteran maize pests to the Bt protein Cry1Ab. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 102:737-743. [PMID: 22697801 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485312000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Bt maize expressing the Cry1Ab toxin is poorly effective for suppressing populations of two non-target Lepidoptera, Mythimna unipuncta and Helicoverpa armigera. In order to determine the mechanisms that may be involved in this poor effectiveness, last instar larvae of the two Lepidoptera were fed with a diet containing lyophilized leaves with Bt vs non-Bt toxin for different periods; additionally, some larvae fed on Bt diet were transferred to non-Bt diet for an additional period. In the experimental larvae, we measured the growth (weight) gain from just before treatment to after the end of the treatment, and the Cry1Ab contents in the hemolymph, the peritrophic membrane and its contents and midgut epithelium. Effects of the treatments on the midgut epithelium were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy. It was seen that multiple mechanisms can be involved in the low susceptibility of the two Lepidoptera. The low content of the toxin within the peritrophic membrane 48 h after ingestion indicates a high rate of toxin elimination in this space. Moreover, M. unipuncta larvae fed on the Bt diet displayed a similar growth gain index to those fed on the non-Bt diet, and showed an increasing elimination rate during the experiment. Little toxin reached the midgut epithelium, indicating a low permeability of the peritrophic membrane or a low affinity at the binding sites. Larvae fed on the Bt toxin showed rapid recovery in weight gain and in the midgut epithelium, and also showed overcompensation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Hedo
- Universitat de Lleida, Centre UdL-IRTA, AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Observations on house fly larvae midgut ultrastructure after Brevibacillus laterosporus ingestion. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 111:211-6. [PMID: 22935249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pathological and histopathological course caused by Brevibacillus laterosporus on house fly larvae has been investigated conducting observations on insect behavior and midgut ultrastructure. After dissection and fixation, gut tissues were analyzed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to compare in vivo-treated and non-treated (control) fly specimens. Treated larvae showed extensively reduced feeding and growth rate, then became sluggish and died within 72 h. A progressive midgut epithelium deterioration was observed in treated larvae, compared to the control. Ultrastructural changes consisted of microvilli disruption, cytoplasm vacuolization and general disorganization, endoplasmic reticulum deformation, mitochondria alteration. Deterioration became progressively more dramatic until the infected cells released their content into the gut lumen. Disruption was associated also with midgut muscular sheath and connective tissue. These ultrastructural changes are similar to those widely described for other entomopathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, against different insect species. The rapid disruption of cellular fine structure supports a hypothesis based on an interaction of toxins with the epithelial cell membranes reminiscent of the specific B. thuringiensis δ-endotoxins mechanism of action on other insect targets.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tanaka S, Yoshizawa Y, Sato R. Response of midgut epithelial cells to Cry1Aa is toxin-dependent and depends on the interplay between toxic action and the host apoptotic response. FEBS J 2012; 279:1071-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
19
|
da Cunha FM, Caetano FH, Wanderley-Teixeira V, Torres JB, Teixeira AAC, Alves LC. Ultra-structure and histochemistry of digestive cells of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) fed with prey reared on bt-cotton. Micron 2011; 43:245-50. [PMID: 21900014 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The toxic effects of Bt proteins from the body of the prey/host to predators and parasitoids have been investigated as a route of impact on non-target insects of Bt crops. This research aimed to analyze ultrastructural changes and histochemistry in digestive cells of the middle region of the midgut of Podisus nigrispinus fed, since its second instar, with Spodoptera frugiperda reared on Bt cotton variety Acala90 B, which expresses the toxin Cry 1Ac, and its non-Bt isoline Acala 90. Fragments of the midgut of P. nigrispinus were analyzed by electron microscopy. For the histochemical analysis, Bromophenol Blue, Periodic Acid Schiff von Kossa, Alcian Blue pH 2.5 and Sudan Black were used. The Cry1Ac toxin of Bt cotton ingested by S. frugiperda promotes a disorganization in the perimicrovillar matrix of P. nigrispinus (third trophic level), thus generating ultrastructural changes in the digestive cells, as elongation of microvilli, presence of spherocrystals and granules of different electron densities, in addition to altering the distribution pattern of glycogen, lipids and calcium of these cells in the median region of the midgut. Thus, we conclude that species moderately susceptible to Cry1Ac toxin, such as S. frugiperda, can acquire this toxin and expose it to P. nigrispinus, which can interfere with your ability to predation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin M da Cunha
- Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|