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Feigen CM, Charney MF, Glajchen S, Myers C, Cherny S, Lipnitsky R, Yang WW, Glassman NR, Lipton ML. Genetic Variants and Persistent Impairment Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2024:00001199-990000000-00148. [PMID: 38668678 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to systematically assess primary research publications on known genetic variants, which modify the risk for symptoms or dysfunction persisting 30 days or more following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). SUMMARY OF REVIEW A search of PubMed and Embase from inception through June 2022 identified 42 studies that associated genetic variants with the presence of symptoms or cognitive dysfunction 30 days or more following mTBI. Risk of bias was assessed for each publication using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Fifteen of the 22 studies evaluating apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) ɛ4 concluded that it was associated with worse outcomes and 4 of the 8 studies investigating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) reported the Val66Met allele was associated with poorer outcomes. The review also identified 12 studies associating 28 additional variants with mTBI outcomes. Of these, 8 references associated specific variants with poorer outcomes. Aside from analyses comparing carriers and noncarriers of APOE ɛ4 and BDNF Val66Met, most of the reviewed studies were too dissimilar, particularly in terms of specific outcome measures but also in genes examined, to allow for direct comparisons of their findings. Moreover, these investigations were observational and subject to varying degrees of bias. CONCLUSIONS The most consistent finding across articles was that APOE ɛ4 is associated with persistent post-mTBI impairment (symptoms or cognitive dysfunction) more than 30 days after mTBI. The sparsity of other well-established and consistent findings in the mTBI literature should motivate larger, prospective studies, which characterize the risk for persistent impairment with standardized outcomes in mTBI posed by other genetic variants influencing mTBI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaim M Feigen
- Author Affiliations: Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Mr Feigen); Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Drs Charney and Lipton and Ms Glajchen); D. Samuel Gottesman Library, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York (Ms Glassman); Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Neurology (Dr Lipton) and Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience (Mr Feigen and Dr Lipton), Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana (Ms Myers); New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York (Mr Cherny); New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York (Ms Lipnitsky); and University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (Ms Yang)
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Dybing KM, Vetter CJ, Dempsey DA, Chaudhuri S, Saykin AJ, Risacher SL. Traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's Disease biomarkers: A systematic review of findings from amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.30.23298528. [PMID: 38077068 PMCID: PMC10705648 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.23298528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been discussed as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its association with dementia risk and earlier cognitive symptom onset. However, the mechanisms behind this relationship are unclear. Some studies have suggested TBI may increase pathological protein deposition in an AD-like pattern; others have failed to find such associations. This review covers literature that uses positron emission tomography (PET) of amyloid-β and/or tau to examine subjects with history of TBI who are at risk for AD due to advanced age. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on January 9, 2023, and 24 resulting citations met inclusion criteria. Common methodological concerns included small samples, limited clinical detail about subjects' TBI, recall bias due to reliance on self-reported TBI, and an inability to establish causation. For both amyloid and tau, results were widespread but inconsistent. The regions which showed the most compelling evidence for increased amyloid deposition were the cingulate gyrus, cuneus/precuneus, and parietal lobe. Evidence for increased tau was strongest in the medial temporal lobe, entorhinal cortex, precuneus, and frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. However, conflicting findings across most regions of interest in both amyloid- and tau-PET studies indicate the critical need for future work in expanded samples and with greater clinical detail to offer a clearer picture of the relationship between TBI and protein deposition in older subjects at risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Dybing
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Cecelia J. Vetter
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Desarae A. Dempsey
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Soumilee Chaudhuri
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Paseban T, Alavi MS, Etemad L, Roohbakhsh A. The role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in neurological disorders: a mechanistic review. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:531-552. [PMID: 37428709 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2235718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholesterol homeostasis is critical for normal brain function. It is tightly controlled by various biological elements. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane transporter that effluxes cholesterol from cells, particularly astrocytes, into the extracellular space. The recent studies pertaining to ABCA1's role in CNS disorders were included in this study. AREAS COVERED In this comprehensive literature review, preclinical and human studies showed that ABCA1 has a significant role in the following diseases or disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, anxiety, depression, psychosis, epilepsy, stroke, and brain ischemia and trauma. EXPERT OPINION ABCA1 via modulating normal and aberrant brain functions such as apoptosis, phagocytosis, BBB leakage, neuroinflammation, amyloid β efflux, myelination, synaptogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neurotransmission promotes beneficial effects in aforementioned diseases. ABCA1 is a key molecule in the CNS. By boosting its expression or function, some CNS disorders may be resolved. In preclinical studies, liver X receptor agonists have shown promise in treating CNS disorders via ABCA1 and apoE enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Paseban
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Investigating the relationship between mild traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: a systematic review. J Neurol 2022; 269:4635-4645. [PMID: 35648232 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the relevant literature published after 2016 to ascertain the current landscape of science that relates mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) to the onset of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and identify areas of need for future research. We conducted database searches and retrieved articles that were published after 2016 that utilized cognitive assessments to understand the relationship between mTBI and ADRD. We identified eight relevant articles in the review process, four of which presented a significant relationship between mTBI and disease or cognitive impairment outcomes. The studies included in this systematic review underscore the need for future research investigating a possible causal relationship between mTBI and ADRDs given the high prevalence of mTBI among brain injury patients and the lack of literature specifically addressing this issue. Future research should standardize the definitions of mTBI, AD, and ADRDs to create reliable and reproducible results that more comprehensively capture the nuances of this relationship.
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Soriano S, Curry K, Wang Q, Chow E, Treangen TJ, Villapol S. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Derived from Alzheimer's Disease Mice Worsens Brain Trauma Outcomes in Wild-Type Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4476. [PMID: 35562867 PMCID: PMC9103830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, both of which increase the risk and accelerate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The gut microbiome is an essential modulator of the immune system, impacting the brain. AD has been related with reduced diversity and alterations in the community composition of the gut microbiota. This study aimed to determine whether the gut microbiota from AD mice exacerbates neurological deficits after TBI in control mice. We prepared fecal microbiota transplants from 18 to 24 month old 3×Tg-AD (FMT-AD) and from healthy control (FMT-young) mice. FMTs were administered orally to young control C57BL/6 (wild-type, WT) mice after they underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury, as a model of TBI. Then, we characterized the microbiota composition of the fecal samples by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. We collected the blood, brain, and gut tissues for protein and immunohistochemical analysis. Our results showed that FMT-AD administration stimulates a higher relative abundance of the genus Muribaculum and a decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii compared to FMT-young in WT mice. Furthermore, WT mice exhibited larger lesion, increased activated microglia/macrophages, and reduced motor recovery after FMT-AD compared to FMT-young one day after TBI. In summary, we observed gut microbiota from AD mice to have a detrimental effect and aggravate the neuroinflammatory response and neurological outcomes after TBI in young WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirena Soriano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Kristen Curry
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (T.J.T.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (T.J.T.)
| | - Elsbeth Chow
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Todd J. Treangen
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (K.C.); (Q.W.); (T.J.T.)
| | - Sonia Villapol
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.S.); (E.C.)
- Department of Neuroscience in Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Cheng KC, Cheung CHA, Chiang HC. Early Aβ42 Exposure Causes Learning Impairment in Later Life. Aging Dis 2022; 13:868-883. [PMID: 35656119 PMCID: PMC9116909 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid cascade hypothesis proposes that amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation is the initiator and major contributor to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, this hypothesis has recently been challenged by clinical studies showing that reduction of Aβ accumulation in the brain does not accompany with cognitive improvement, suggesting that therapeutically targeting Aβ in the brain may not be sufficient for restoring cognitive function. Since the molecular mechanism underlying the progressive development of cognitive impairment after Aβ clearance is largely unknown, the reason of why there is no behavioral improvement after Aβ clearance remains elusive. In the current study, we demonstrated that transient Aβ expression caused learning deficit in later life, despite the accumulated Aβ was soon being removed after the expression. Early Aβ exposure decreased the cellular expression of XBP1 and both the antioxidants, catalase, and dPrx5, which made cells more vulnerable to oxidative stress in later life. Early induction of XBP1, catalase, and dPrx5 prevented the overproduction of ROS, improved the learning performance, and preserved the viability of cells in the later life with the early Aβ induction. Treating the early Aβ exposed flies with antioxidants such as vitamin E, melatonin and lipoic acid, after the removal of Aβ also preserved the learning ability in later life. Taken together, we demonstrated that early and transient Aβ exposure can have a profound impact on animal behavior in later life and also revealed the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the development of learning impairment by the early and transient Aβ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chung Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Hsueh-Cheng Chiang, Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. E-mail: .
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Weber CJ, Carrillo MC, Jagust W, Jack CR, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Saykin AJ, Beckett LA, Sur C, Rao NP, Mendez PC, Black SE, Li K, Iwatsubo T, Chang C, Sosa AL, Rowe CC, Perrin RJ, Morris JC, Healan AM, Hall SE, Weiner MW. The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: ADNI-3 updates and global perspectives. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12226. [PMID: 35005206 PMCID: PMC8719344 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (WW-ADNI) is a collaborative effort to investigate imaging and biofluid markers that can inform Alzheimer's disease treatment trials. It is a public-private partnership that spans North America, Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, and Taiwan. In 2004, ADNI researchers began a naturalistic, longitudinal study that continues today around the globe. Through several successive phases (ADNI-1, ADNI-GO, ADNI-2, and ADNI-3), the study has fueled amyloid and tau phenotyping and refined neuroimaging methodologies. WW-ADNI researchers have successfully standardized analyses and openly share data without embargo, providing a rich data set for other investigators. On August 26, 2020, the Alzheimer's Association convened WW-ADNI researchers who shared updates from ADNI-3 and their vision for ADNI-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Jagust
- School of Public Health and Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of MedicineInstitute on AgingPerelman School of MedicineAlzheimer's Disease Core Center, Perelman School of MedicineUdall Parkinson's Research CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterDepartment of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Laurel A. Beckett
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cyrille Sur
- Merck Research LaboratoriesMerckKenilworthNew JerseyUSA
| | - Naren P. Rao
- Department of PsychiatryNational Institute of Mental Health and NeurosciencesBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
| | | | - Sandra E. Black
- Department of Medicine (Neurology)Hurvitz Brain Sciences ProgramCanadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, and LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research UnitHurvitz Brain Sciences Research ProgramSunnybrook Research InstituteSunnybrook Health Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of RadiologyXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of NeuropathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Chiung‐Chih Chang
- Department of General Neurology and Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ana Luisa Sosa
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of MexicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and TherapyAustin Health and Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research CenterDepartment of Pathology and ImmunologyDepartment of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - John C. Morris
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research CenterDepartment of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | | | - Michael W. Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCenter for Imaging of Neurodegenerative DiseasesDepartment of RadiologyDepartment of MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Carvajal FJ, Cerpa W. Regulation of Phosphorylated State of NMDA Receptor by STEP 61 Phosphatase after Mild-Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101575. [PMID: 34679709 PMCID: PMC8533270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) mediates neuronal death through several events involving many molecular pathways, including the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity for excessive stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), producing activation of death signaling pathways. However, the contribution of NMDARs (distribution and signaling-associated to the distribution) remains incompletely understood. We propose a critical role of STEP61 (Striatal-Enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase) in TBI; this phosphatase regulates the dephosphorylated state of the GluN2B subunit through two pathways: by direct dephosphorylation of tyrosine-1472 and indirectly via dephosphorylation and inactivation of Fyn kinase. We previously demonstrated oxidative stress’s contribution to NMDAR signaling and distribution using SOD2+/− mice such a model. We performed TBI protocol using a controlled frontal impact device using C57BL/6 mice and SOD2+/− animals. After TBI, we found alterations in cognitive performance, NMDAR-dependent synaptic function (decreased synaptic form of NMDARs and decreased synaptic current NMDAR-dependent), and increased STEP61 activity. These changes are reduced partially with the STEP61-inhibitor TC-2153 treatment in mice subjected to TBI protocol. This study contributes with evidence about the role of STEP61 in the neuropathological progression after TBI and also the alteration in their activity, such as an early biomarker of synaptic damage in traumatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2354-2656; Fax: +56-2-2354-2660
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Asken BM, Mantyh WG, La Joie R, Strom A, Casaletto KB, Staffaroni AM, Apple AC, Lindbergh CA, Iaccarino L, You M, Grant H, Fonseca C, Windon C, Younes K, Tanner J, Rabinovici GD, Kramer JH, Gardner RC. Association of remote mild traumatic brain injury with cortical amyloid burden in clinically normal older adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2417-2425. [PMID: 33432536 PMCID: PMC8272743 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether clinically normal older adults with remote, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) show evidence of higher cortical Aβ burden. Our study included 134 clinically normal older adults (age 74.1 ± 6.8 years, 59.7% female, 85.8% white) who underwent Aβ positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) and who completed the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification questionnaire. We limited participants to those reporting injuries classified as mTBI. A subset (N = 30) underwent a second Aβ-PET scan (mean 2.7 years later). We examined the effect of remote mTBI on Aβ-PET burden, interactions between remote mTBI and age, sex, and APOE status, longitudinal Aβ accumulation, and the interaction between remote mTBI and Aβ burden on memory and executive functioning. Of 134 participants, 48 (36%) reported remote mTBI (0, N = 86; 1, N = 31, 2+, N = 17; mean 37 ± 23 years since last mTBI). Effect size estimates were small to negligible for the association of remote mTBI with Aβ burden (p = .94, η2 < 0.01), and for all interaction analyses. Longitudinally, we found a non-statistically significant association of those with remote mTBI (N = 11) having a faster rate of Aβ accumulation (B = 0.01, p = .08) than those without (N = 19). There was no significant interaction between remote mTBI and Aβ burden on cognition. In clinically normal older adults, history of mTBI is not associated with greater cortical Aβ burden and does not interact with Aβ burden to impact cognition. Longitudinal analyses suggest remote mTBI may be associated with more rapid cortical Aβ accumulation. This finding warrants further study in larger and more diverse samples with well-characterized lifelong head trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breton M Asken
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - William G Mantyh
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Adam M Staffaroni
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra C Apple
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Cutter A Lindbergh
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Michelle You
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Harli Grant
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Corrina Fonseca
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Charles Windon
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kyan Younes
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jeremy Tanner
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology & Biomedical Imaging Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Raquel C Gardner
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health , San Francisco, CA, USA
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE. Role of zinc and copper ions in the pathogenetic mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2021; 31:233-243. [PMID: 31747384 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of homeostasis of zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions in the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Wilson's, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The last two pathological conditions of the brain are the most common; moreover, it is possible that TBI is a risk factor for the development of AD. Disruptions of Zn2+ and Cu2+ homeostasis play an important role in the mechanisms of pathogenesis of both TBI and AD. This review attempts to summarize and systematize the currently available research data on this issue. The neurocytotoxicity of Cu2+ and Zn2+, the synergism of the toxic effect of calcium and Zn2+ ions on the mitochondria of neurons, and the interaction of Zn2+ and Cu2+ with β-amyloid (Abeta) and tau protein are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay K Isaev
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, N.A. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Biological Faculty, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia
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11
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Menon PK, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is exacerbated following traumatic brain injury. Neuroprotection by co-administration of nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin with monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 265:1-97. [PMID: 34560919 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Military personnel are prone to traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is one of the risk factors in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a later stage. TBI induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to serum proteins into the brain and leads to extravasation of plasma amyloid beta peptide (ΑβP) into the brain fluid compartments causing AD brain pathology. Thus, there is a need to expand our knowledge on the role of TBI in AD. In addition, exploration of the novel roles of nanomedicine in AD and TBI for neuroprotection is the need of the hour. Since stem cells and neurotrophic factors play important roles in TBI and in AD, it is likely that nanodelivery of these agents exert superior neuroprotection in TBI induced exacerbation of AD brain pathology. In this review, these aspects are examined in details based on our own investigations in the light of current scientific literature in the field. Our observations show that TBI exacerbates AD brain pathology and TiO2 nanowired delivery of mesenchymal stem cells together with cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments, and monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta protein thwarted the development of neuropathology following TBI in AD, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Mohamed AZ, Nestor PJ, Cumming P, Nasrallah FA. Traumatic brain injury fast-forwards Alzheimer's pathology: evidence from amyloid positron emission tomorgraphy imaging. J Neurol 2021; 269:873-884. [PMID: 34191080 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the mechanisms underlying the putative association are poorly understood. We investigated elderly individuals with a remote history of TBI, aiming to understand how this may have influenced amyloidosis, neurodegeneration, and clinical expression along the AD continuum. METHODS Total of 241 individual datasets including amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography ([18F]-AV45), structural MRI, and neuropsychological measures, were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The data were stratified into groups with (TBI +) or without (TBI -) history of head injury, and by clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores, into subgroups with normal cognition (CDR = 0) and those with symptomatic cognitive decline (CDR ≥ 0.5). We contrasted the TBI + and TBI - subgroups with respect to the onset age and extent of cognitive decline, cortical thickness changes, and Aβ standard uptake value (SUVr). RESULTS Compared to the TBI -/CDR ≥ 0.5 subgroup, the TBI + /CDR ≥ 0.5 subgroup showed a 3-4 year earlier age of cognitive impairment onset (ACIO, p = 0.005). Among those participants on the AD continuum (Aβ + , as defined by a cortical SUVr ≥ 1.23), irrespective of current CDR, a TBI + history was associated with greater Aβ deposition and more pronounced cortical thinning. When matched for severity of cognitive status, the TBI + /CDR ≥ 0.5 group showed greater Aβ burden, but earlier ACIO as compared to the TBI -/CDR ≥ 0.5, suggesting a more indolent clinical AD progression in those with TBI history. CONCLUSION Remote TBI history may alter the AD onset trajectory, with approximately 4 years earlier ACIO, greater amyloid deposition, and cortical thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Z Mohamed
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Upland Road, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Thompson Institute, University of The Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, 4575, Australia
| | - Peter J Nestor
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Upland Road, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fatima A Nasrallah
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Upland Road, Saint Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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13
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Wiegand TLT, Sollmann N, Bonke EM, Umeasalugo KE, Sobolewski KR, Plesnila N, Shenton ME, Lin AP, Koerte IK. Translational neuroimaging in mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:1201-1217. [PMID: 33789358 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are common with an estimated 27.1 million cases per year. Approximately 80% of TBIs are categorized as mild TBI (mTBI) based on initial symptom presentation. While in most individuals, symptoms resolve within days to weeks, in some, symptoms become chronic. Advanced neuroimaging has the potential to characterize brain morphometric, microstructural, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities following mTBI. However, translational studies are needed for the interpretation of neuroimaging findings in humans with respect to the underlying pathophysiological processes, and, ultimately, for developing novel and more targeted treatment options. In this review, we introduce the most commonly used animal models for the study of mTBI. We then summarize the neuroimaging findings in humans and animals after mTBI and, wherever applicable, the translational aspects of studies available today. Finally, we highlight the importance of translational approaches and outline future perspectives in the field of translational neuroimaging in mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim L T Wiegand
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Nico Sollmann
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena M Bonke
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kosisochukwu E Umeasalugo
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristen R Sobolewski
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Turner S, Lazarus R, Marion D, Main KL. Molecular and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury: Principles for Investigation and Integration. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1762-1782. [PMID: 33446015 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen the advent of new technologies that enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is recognition that TBI affects the brain beyond initial injury, in some cases inciting a progressive neuropathology that leads to chronic impairments. Medical researchers are now searching for biomarkers to detect and monitor this condition. Perhaps the most promising developments are in the biomolecular and neuroimaging domains. Molecular assays can identify proteins indicative of neuronal injury and/or degeneration. Diffusion imaging now allows sensitive evaluations of the brain's cellular microstructure. As the pace of discovery accelerates, it is important to survey the research landscape and identify promising avenues of investigation. In this review, we discuss the potential of molecular and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) biomarkers in TBI research. Integration of these technologies could advance models of disease prognosis, ultimately improving care. To date, however, few studies have explored relationships between molecular and DTI variables in patients with TBI. Here, we provide a short primer on each technology, review the latest research, and discuss how these biomarkers may be incorporated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Turner
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Lazarus
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Donald Marion
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Keith L Main
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
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15
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Maigler KC, Buhr TJ, Park CS, Miller SA, Kozlowski DA, Marr RA. Assessment of the Effects of Altered Amyloid-Beta Clearance on Behavior following Repeat Closed-Head Brain Injury in Amyloid-Beta Precursor Protein Humanized Mice. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:665-676. [PMID: 33176547 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.6989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the risk for dementias including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Further, both human and animal model data indicate that amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide accumulation and its production machinery are upregulated by TBI. Considering the clear link between chronic Aβ elevation and AD as well as tau pathology, the role(s) of Aβ in TBI is of high importance. Endopeptidases, including the neprilysin (NEP)-like enzymes, are key mediators of Aβ clearance and may affect susceptibility to pathology post-TBI. Here, we use a "humanized" mouse model of Aβ production, which expresses normal human amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) under its natural transcriptional regulation and exposed them to a more clinically relevant repeated closed-head TBI paradigm. These transgenic mice also were crossed with mice deficient for the Aβ degrading enzymes NEP or NEP2 to assess models of reduced cerebral Aβ clearance in our TBI model. Our results show that the presence of the human form of Aβ did not exacerbate motor (Rotarod) and spatial learning/memory deficits (Morris water maze) post-injuries, while potentially reduced anxiety (Open Field) was observed. NEP and NEP2 deficiency also did not exacerbate these deficits post-injuries and was associated with protection from motor (NEP and NEP2) and spatial learning/memory deficits (NEP only). These data suggest that normally regulated expression of wild-type human APP/Aβ does not contribute to deficits acutely after TBI and may be protective at this stage of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Maigler
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Trevor J Buhr
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher S Park
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven A Miller
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dorothy A Kozlowski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Program, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert A Marr
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Zhao L, Zhang L, Zhu W, Chen H, Ding Y, Cui G. Inhibition of microRNA-203 protects against traumatic brain injury induced neural damages via suppressing neuronal apoptosis and dementia-related molecues. Physiol Behav 2021; 228:113190. [PMID: 33002497 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to cognitive dysfunction and motor dysfunction. TBI is a potential risk factor for subsequent dementia. Hyperphosphorylation of Tau and ApoE4 has been found in patients with TBI. A significant increase in miR-203 was also found in the peripheral blood of TBI mice. Thus, we hypothesize that miR-203 inhibitor protects against neuronal damage and behavioral deficits by inhibition of Tau phosphorylation, ApoE4 expression and apoptosis. METHODS TBI mice were induced and treated with miR-203 inhibitor. Tau phosphorylation and ApoE4, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), learning and memory, and motor function were separately detected by Western blot analysis, electrophysiology recording and behavioral assessments including Morris water maze test, beam-balance test, beam-walk test and rotarod test. Caspase-3 activity and bcl-2 expression were detected by ELISA. RESULTS TBI induction led to increased phosphorylation of Tau and ApoE4 expression. Administration of miR-203 inhibitor suppressed TBI induced ApoE4 expression and Tau hyperphosphorylation, rescued TBI mediated hippocampal LTP deficits and hippocampus dependent learning and memory dysfunction. miR-203 inhibitor treatment also improved motor function. In addition, miR-203 inhibitor treatment inhibited neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activity and increasing bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION miR-203 inhibitor treatment can rescue TBI-induced neural damage by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and dementia markers like ApoE4 expression and Tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shangdong, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shangdong, China
| | - Yuexia Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shangdong, China
| | - Guangqiang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shangdong, China.
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17
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Snowden TM, Hinde AK, Reid HM, Christie BR. Does Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Increase the Risk for Dementia? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:757-775. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-200662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a putative risk factor for dementia; however, despite having apparent face validity, the evidence supporting this hypothesis remains inconclusive. Understanding the role of mTBI as a risk factor is becoming increasingly important given the high prevalence of mTBI, and the increasing societal burden of dementia. Objective: Our objective was to use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) format to determine if an association exists between mTBI and dementia and related factors, and to quantify the degree of risk. Methods: In this format, two authors conducted independent database searches of PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL using three search blocks to find relevant papers published between 2000 and 2020. Relevant studies were selected using pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and bias scoring was performed independently by the two authors before a subset of studies was selected for meta-analysis. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Results: The meta-analysis yielded a pooled odds ratio of 1.96 (95% CI 1.698–2.263), meaning individuals were 1.96 times more likely to be diagnosed with dementia if they had a prior mTBI. Most studies examining neuropsychiatric and neuroimaging correlates of dementia found subtle, persistent changes after mTBI. Conclusion: These results indicate that mTBI is a risk factor for the development of dementia and causes subtle changes in performance on neuropsychiatric testing and brain structure in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Snowden
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony K. Hinde
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah M.O. Reid
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Brian R. Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Baker TL, Sun M, Semple BD, Tyebji S, Tonkin CJ, Mychasiuk R, Shultz SR. Catastrophic consequences: can the feline parasite Toxoplasma gondii prompt the purrfect neuroinflammatory storm following traumatic brain injury? J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:222. [PMID: 32711529 PMCID: PMC7382044 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, treatment development is hindered by the heterogenous nature of TBI presentation and pathophysiology. In particular, the degree of neuroinflammation after TBI varies between individuals and may be modified by other factors such as infection. Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that infects approximately one-third of the world’s population, has a tropism for brain tissue and can persist as a life-long infection. Importantly, there is notable overlap in the pathophysiology between TBI and T. gondii infection, including neuroinflammation. This paper will review current understandings of the clinical problems, pathophysiological mechanisms, and functional outcomes of TBI and T. gondii, before considering the potential synergy between the two conditions. In particular, the discussion will focus on neuroinflammatory processes such as microglial activation, inflammatory cytokines, and peripheral immune cell recruitment that occur during T. gondii infection and after TBI. We will present the notion that these overlapping pathologies in TBI individuals with a chronic T. gondii infection have the strong potential to exacerbate neuroinflammation and related brain damage, leading to amplified functional deficits. The impact of chronic T. gondii infection on TBI should therefore be investigated in both preclinical and clinical studies as the possible interplay could influence treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shiraz Tyebji
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J Tonkin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Ubukata S, Oishi N, Higashi T, Kagawa S, Yamauchi H, Okuyama C, Watanabe H, Ono M, Saji H, Aso T, Murai T, Ueda K. Spatial Patterns of Amyloid Deposition in Patients with Chronic Focal or Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury Using 18F-FPYBF-2 PET. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2719-2732. [PMID: 33209027 PMCID: PMC7669502 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s268504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, accelerated by traumatic brain injury (TBI), may play a crucial role in neurodegeneration in chronic-stage TBI. The injury type could influence Aβ dynamics because of TBI's complex, heterogeneous nature. We, therefore, investigated spatial patterns of amyloid deposition according to injury type after TBI using 5-(5-(2-(2-(2-[F]-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzofuran-2-yl)-N-methylpyridin-2-amine (18F-FPYBF-2) positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS Altogether, 20 patients with chronic TBI [12 with focal injury, 8 with diffuse axonal injury (DAI)] underwent 18F-FPYBF-2 PET, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropsychological examination. Additionally, 50 healthy controls underwent either 18F-FPYBF-2 PET (n=30) or structural MRI (n=20). RESULTS Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) on PET images and regional brain volumes were measured in four cortical (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal) and subcortical (combined caudate, putamen, pallidum, thalamus) regions. Patients with DAI showed significantly increased (compared with controls) SUVR in occipital and temporal cortices and decreased brain volume in occipital cortex (corrected p < 0.05). Although patients with focal injury showed decreased SUVR in all regions except occipital cortex, there were no significant differences (compared with controls) in the SUVR in any regions. There were no significant correlations between increased SUVR and neuropsychological impairments in patients with DAI. CONCLUSION Varying spatial patterns of amyloid deposition suggest amyloid pathology diversity depending on the injury type in chronic-TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Ubukata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Kagawa
- Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama, Japan
| | | | - Chio Okuyama
- Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Saji
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aso
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita Ueda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Schneider AL, Selvin E, Liang M, Latour L, Turtzo LC, Koton S, Coresh J, Mosley T, Whitlow CT, Zhou Y, Wong DF, Ling G, Gottesman RF. Association of Head Injury with Brain Amyloid Deposition: The ARIC-PET Study. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2549-2557. [PMID: 30963804 PMCID: PMC6909743 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to examine associations of head injury with total and regional brain amyloid deposition. We performed cross-sectional analyses of 329 non-demented participants (81 with prior head injury) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities-Positron Emission Tomography (ARIC-PET) Study who underwent 18-florbetapir PET imaging in 2012-2014. A history of head injury was defined by self-report or emergency department/hospitalization International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Generalized linear regression models adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and dementia/cardiovascular risk factors were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for elevated (> 1.2) global and regional standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs). Mean age of participants was 76 years, 57% were women, and 43% were black. Head injury was associated with increased prevalence of elevated SUVR >1.2 globally (PR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.19-1.57), as well as in the orbitofrontal cortex (PR: 1.23); (95% CI: 1.04-1.46), prefrontal cortex (PR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00-1.39), superior frontal cortex (PR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05-1.48), and posterior cingulate (PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04-1.52). There also was evidence for a dose-response relationship, whereby a history of ≥1 head injury was associated with elevated SUVR >1.2 in the prefrontal cortex and superior frontal cortex compared with persons with a history of one head injury (all, p < 0.05). In conclusion, head injury was associated with increased amyloid deposition globally and in the frontal cortex and posterior cingulate, with suggestion of a dose-response association of head injuries with beta-amyloid deposition. Further work is needed to determine if increased amyloid deposition contributes to dementia in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Menglu Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lawrence Latour
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Silvia Koton
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Nursing, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Geoffrey Ling
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Collins JM, King AE, Woodhouse A, Kirkcaldie MTK, Vickers JC. Age Moderates the Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Beta-Amyloid Plaque Load in APP/PS1 Mice. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1876-1889. [PMID: 30623730 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been identified as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how such neural damage contributes to AD pathology remains unclear; specifically, the relationship between the timing of a TBI relative to aging and the onset of AD pathology is not known. In this study, we have examined the effect of TBI on subsequent beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in APP/PS1 (APPSWE/PSEN1dE9) transgenic mice either before (3 months of age) or after the onset (6 months of age) of plaque pathology. Lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI), a model of diffuse brain injury, was induced in APP/PS1 and C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) littermates. LFPI caused a significant increase in both total (p < 0.001) and fibrillar (p < 0.001) Aβ plaque load in the cortex of 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice compared to sham-treated mice at 30 days post-injury. However, in the cortex of 6-month-old mice at 30 days post-injury, LFPI caused a significant decrease in total (p < 0.01), but not fibrillar (p > 0.05), Aβ plaque load compared to sham-treated mice. No Aβ plaques were present in any WT mice across these conditions. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunolabeling of astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunolabeling of microglial/macrophages was not significantly different (p < 0.05) in injured animals compared to sham mice, or APP/PS1 mice compared to WT mice. The current data indicate that TBI may have differential effects on Aβ plaque deposition depending on the age and the stage of amyloidosis at the time of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Collins
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anna E King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Adele Woodhouse
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Matthew T K Kirkcaldie
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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22
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Deng H, Ordaz A, Upadhyayula PS, Gillis-Buck EM, Suen CG, Melhado CG, Mohammed N, Lam T, Yue JK. Apolipoprotein E Epsilon 4 Genotype, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, and the Development of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E78. [PMID: 30223506 PMCID: PMC6163513 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual incidence of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is 3.8 million in the USA with 10⁻15% experiencing persistent morbidity beyond one year. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, can occur with repetitive MTBI. Risk factors for CTE are challenging to identify because injury mechanisms of MTBI are heterogeneous, clinical manifestations and management vary, and CTE is a postmortem diagnosis, making prospective studies difficult. There is growing interest in the genetic influence on head trauma and development of CTE. Apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE-ε4) associates with many neurologic diseases, and consensus on the ε4 allele as a risk factor is lacking. This review investigates the influence of APOE-ε4 on MTBI and CTE. A comprehensive PubMed literature search (1966 to 12 June 2018) identified 24 unique reports on the topic (19 MTBI studies: 8 athletic, 5 military, 6 population-based; 5 CTE studies: 4 athletic and military, 1 leucotomy group). APOE-ε4 genotype is found to associate with outcomes in 4/8 athletic reports, 3/5 military reports, and 5/6 population-based reports following MTBI. Evidence on the association between APOE-ε4 and CTE from case series is equivocal. Refining modalities to aid CTE diagnosis in larger samples is needed in MTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Deng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.
| | - Angel Ordaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.
| | - Pavan S Upadhyayula
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Eva M Gillis-Buck
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Catherine G Suen
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Caroline G Melhado
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.
| | - Nebil Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.
| | - Troy Lam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.
| | - John K Yue
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.
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23
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Kokiko-Cochran ON, Godbout JP. The Inflammatory Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:672. [PMID: 29686672 PMCID: PMC5900037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-injury inflammatory response is a key mediator in long-term recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Moreover, the immune response to TBI, mediated by microglia and macrophages, is influenced by existing brain pathology and by secondary immune challenges. For example, recent evidence shows that the presence of beta-amyloid and phosphorylated tau protein, two hallmark features of AD that increase during normal aging, substantially alter the macrophage response to TBI. Additional data demonstrate that post-injury microglia are “primed” and become hyper-reactive following a subsequent acute immune challenge thereby worsening recovery. These alterations may increase the incidence of neuropsychiatric complications after TBI and may also increase the frequency of neurodegenerative pathology. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize experimental studies examining the relationship between TBI and development of AD-like pathology with an emphasis on the acute and chronic microglial and macrophage response following injury. Furthermore, studies will be highlighted that examine the degree to which beta-amyloid and tau accumulation as well as pre- and post-injury immune stressors influence outcome after TBI. Collectively, the studies described in this review suggest that the brain’s immune response to injury is a key mediator in recovery, and if compromised by previous, coincident, or subsequent immune stressors, post-injury pathology and behavioral recovery will be altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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24
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Gardner RC, Dams-O'Connor K, Morrissey MR, Manley GT. Geriatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Epidemiology, Outcomes, Knowledge Gaps, and Future Directions. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:889-906. [PMID: 29212411 PMCID: PMC5865621 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review of the literature on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older adults focuses on incident TBI sustained in older adulthood ("geriatric TBI") rather than on the separate, but related, topic of older adults with a history of earlier-life TBI. We describe the epidemiology of geriatric TBI, the impact of comorbidities and pre-injury function on TBI risk and outcomes, diagnostic testing, management issues, outcomes, and critical directions for future research. The highest incidence of TBI-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths occur in older adults. Higher morbidity and mortality rates among older versus younger individuals with TBI may contribute to an assumption of futility about aggressive management of geriatric TBI. However, many older adults with TBI respond well to aggressive management and rehabilitation, suggesting that chronological age and TBI severity alone are inadequate prognostic markers. Yet there are few geriatric-specific TBI guidelines to assist with complex management decisions, and TBI prognostic models do not perform optimally in this population. Major barriers in management of geriatric TBI include under-representation of older adults in TBI research, lack of systematic measurement of pre-injury health that may be a better predictor of outcome and response to treatment than age and TBI severity alone, and lack of geriatric-specific TBI common data elements (CDEs). This review highlights the urgent need to develop more age-inclusive TBI research protocols, geriatric TBI CDEs, geriatric TBI prognostic models, and evidence-based geriatric TBI consensus management guidelines aimed at improving short- and long-term outcomes for the large and growing geriatric TBI population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel C. Gardner
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, California
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Molly Rose Morrissey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - Geoffrey T. Manley
- University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
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25
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Kim HJ, Tsao JW, Stanfill AG. The current state of biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97105. [PMID: 29321373 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common occurrence, with over 3 million cases reported every year in the United States. While research into the underlying pathophysiology is ongoing, there is an urgent need for better clinical guidelines that allow more consistent diagnosis of mTBI and ensure safe return-to-play timelines for athletes, nonathletes, and military personnel. The development of a suite of biomarkers that indicate the pathogenicity of mTBI could lead to clinically useful tools for establishing both diagnosis and prognosis. Here, we review the current evidence for mTBI biomarkers derived from investigations of the multifactorial pathology of mTBI. While the current literature lacks the scope and size for clarification of these biomarkers' clinical utility, early studies have identified some promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jun Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jack W Tsao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Neurology, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ansley Grimes Stanfill
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, and.,Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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26
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Lejbman N, Olivera A, Heinzelmann M, Feng R, Yun S, Kim HS, Gill J. Active duty service members who sustain a traumatic brain injury have chronically elevated peripheral concentrations of Aβ40 and lower ratios of Aβ42/40. Brain Inj 2018; 30:1436-1441. [PMID: 27834544 PMCID: PMC5152557 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1219054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary objective: Excessive accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau have been observed in older individuals with chronic neurological symptoms related to a traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet little is known about the possible role of Aβ in younger active duty service members following a TBI. The purpose of the study was to determine if Aβ 40 or 42 related to sustaining a TBI or to chronic neurological symptoms in a young cohort of military personnel. Research design: This was a cross-sectional study of active duty service members who reported sustaining a TBI and provided self-report of neurological and psychological symptoms and provided blood. Methods and procedures: An ultrasensitive single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to compare concentrations of Aβ in active duty service members with (TBI+; n = 53) and without (TBI–; n = 18) a history of TBI. Self-report and medical history were used to measure TBI occurrence and approximate the number of total TBIs and the severity of TBIs sustained during deployment. Main outcomes and results: This study reports that TBI is associated with higher concentrations of Aβ40 (F1,68 = 6.948, p = 0.009) and a lower ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40 (F1,62 = 5.671, p = 0.020). These differences remained significant after controlling for co-morbid symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that alterations in Aβ relate to TBIs and may contribute to chronic neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Lejbman
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Anlys Olivera
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Morgan Heinzelmann
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Rebekah Feng
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sijung Yun
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b Yotta Biomed, LLC , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Hyung-Suk Kim
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- a National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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27
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The chronic and evolving neurological consequences of traumatic brain injury. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:813-825. [PMID: 28920887 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have lifelong and dynamic effects on health and wellbeing. Research on the long-term consequences emphasises that, for many patients, TBI should be conceptualised as a chronic health condition. Evidence suggests that functional outcomes after TBI can show improvement or deterioration up to two decades after injury, and rates of all-cause mortality remain elevated for many years. Furthermore, TBI represents a risk factor for a variety of neurological illnesses, including epilepsy, stroke, and neurodegenerative disease. With respect to neurodegeneration after TBI, post-mortem studies on the long-term neuropathology after injury have identified complex persisting and evolving abnormalities best described as polypathology, which includes chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Despite growing awareness of the lifelong consequences of TBI, substantial gaps in research exist. Improvements are therefore needed in understanding chronic pathologies and their implications for survivors of TBI, which could inform long-term health management in this sizeable patient population.
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28
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Weymann KB, Lim MM. Sleep Disturbances in TBI and PTSD and Potential Risk of Neurodegeneration. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Rehman SU, Ahmad A, Yoon GH, Khan M, Abid MN, Kim MO. Inhibition of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Protects Against Brain Damage and Improves Learning and Memory After Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult Mice. Cereb Cortex 2017; 28:2854-2872. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Ho Yoon
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mehtab Khan
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Noman Abid
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Department of Biology and Applied Life Science (BK21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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30
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Abstract
Concussion is a significant issue in medicine and the media today. With growing interest on the long-term effects of sports participation, it is important to understand what occurs in the brain after an impact of any degree. While some of the basic pathophysiology has been elucidated, much is still unknown about what happens in the brain after traumatic brain injury, particularly with milder injuries where no damage can be seen at the structural level on standard neuroimaging. Understanding the chain of events from a cellular level using studies investigating more severe injuries can help to drive research efforts in understanding the symptomatology that is seen in the acute phase after concussion, as well as point to mechanisms that may underlie persistent post-concussive symptoms. This review discusses the basic neuropathology that occurs after traumatic brain injury at the cellular level. We also present the pathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and its similarities to other neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude with recent imaging and biomarker findings looking at changes that may occur after repeated subconcussive blows, which may help to guide efforts in understanding if cumulative subconcussive mechanical forces upon the brain are detrimental in the long term or if concussive symptoms mark the threshold for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeryo C Choe
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, 22-474 MDCC, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA.
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31
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Kurowski BG, Treble-Barna A, Pitzer AJ, Wade SL, Martin LJ, Chima RS, Jegga A. Applying Systems Biology Methodology To Identify Genetic Factors Possibly Associated with Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2280-2290. [PMID: 28301983 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is linked with a number of medical, neurological, cognitive, and behavioral sequelae. The influence of genetic factors on the biology and related recovery after TBI is poorly understood. Studies that seek to elucidate the impact of genetic influences on neurorecovery after TBI will lead to better individualization of prognosis and inform development of novel treatments, which are considerably lacking. Current genetic studies related to TBI have focused on specific candidate genes. The objectives of this study were to use a system biology-based approach to identify biologic processes over-represented with genetic variants previously implicated in clinical outcomes after TBI and identify unique genes potentially related to recovery after TBI. After performing a systematic review to identify genes in the literature associated with clinical outcomes, we used the genes identified to perform a systems biology-based integrative computational analysis to ascertain the interactions between molecular components and to develop models for regulation and function of genes involved in TBI recovery. The analysis identified over-representation of genetic variants primarily in two biologic processes: response to injury (cell proliferation, cell death, inflammatory response, and cellular metabolism) and neurocognitive and behavioral reserve (brain development, cognition, and behavior). Overall, this study demonstrates the use of a systems biology-based approach to identify unique/novel genes or sets of genes important to the recovery process. Findings from this systems biology-based approach provide additional insight into the potential impact of genetic variants on the underlying complex biological processes important to TBI recovery and may inform the development of empirical genetic-related studies for TBI. Future studies that combine systems biology methodology and genomic, proteomic, and epigenetic approaches are needed in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad G Kurowski
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Amery Treble-Barna
- 2 Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexis J Pitzer
- 3 Department of Psychology, Xavier University , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shari L Wade
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa J Martin
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ranjit S Chima
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anil Jegga
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
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32
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Leh SE, Schroeder C, Chen JK, Mallar Chakravarty M, Park MTM, Cheung B, Huntgeburth SC, Gosselin N, Hock C, Ptito A, Petrides M. Microstructural Integrity of Hippocampal Subregions Is Impaired after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:1402-1411. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E. Leh
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Schroeder
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jen-Kai Chen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Min Tae M. Park
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bob Cheung
- Defense Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonja C. Huntgeburth
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia Gosselin
- Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Ptito
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Petrides
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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33
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Yu F, Shukla DK, Armstrong RC, Marion CM, Radomski KL, Selwyn RG, Dardzinski BJ. Repetitive Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Produces Cortical Abnormalities Detectable by Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Imaging, Histopathology, and Behavior. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1364-1381. [PMID: 27784203 PMCID: PMC5385606 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive detection of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is important for evaluating acute through chronic effects of head injuries, particularly after repetitive impacts. To better detect abnormalities from mTBI, we performed longitudinal studies (baseline, 3, 6, and 42 days) using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in adult mice after repetitive mTBI (r-mTBI; daily × 5) or sham procedure. This r-mTBI produced righting reflex delay and was first characterized in the corpus callosum to demonstrate low levels of axon damage, astrogliosis, and microglial activation, without microhemorrhages. High-resolution DTI-DKI was then combined with post-imaging pathological validation along with behavioral assessments targeted for the impact regions. In the corpus callosum, only DTI fractional anisotropy at 42 days showed significant change post-injury. Conversely, cortical regions under the impact site (M1–M2, anterior cingulate) had reduced axial diffusivity (AD) at all time points with a corresponding increase in axial kurtosis (Ka) at 6 days. Post-imaging neuropathology showed microglial activation in both the corpus callosum and cortex at 42 days after r-mTBI. Increased cortical microglial activation correlated with decreased cortical AD after r-mTBI (r = −0.853; n = 5). Using Thy1-YFP-16 mice to fluorescently label neuronal cell bodies and processes revealed low levels of axon damage in the cortex after r-mTBI. Finally, r-mTBI produced social deficits consistent with the function of this anterior cingulate region of cortex. Overall, vulnerability of cortical regions is demonstrated after mild repetitive injury, with underlying differences of DTI and DKI, microglial activation, and behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshan Yu
- 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.,2 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dinesh K Shukla
- 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.,5 Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Regina C Armstrong
- 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.,2 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.,3 Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christina M Marion
- 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.,3 Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kryslaine L Radomski
- 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.,2 Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Reed G Selwyn
- 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.,6 Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Bernard J Dardzinski
- 1 Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland.,4 Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
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Wu X, Kirov II, Gonen O, Ge Y, Grossman RI, Lui YW. MR Imaging Applications in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Imaging Update. Radiology 2016; 279:693-707. [PMID: 27183405 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.16142535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), also commonly referred to as concussion, affects millions of Americans annually. Although computed tomography is the first-line imaging technique for all traumatic brain injury, it is incapable of providing long-term prognostic information in mTBI. In the past decade, the amount of research related to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of mTBI has grown exponentially, partly due to development of novel analytical methods, which are applied to a variety of MR techniques. Here, evidence of subtle brain changes in mTBI as revealed by these techniques, which are not demonstrable by conventional imaging, will be reviewed. These changes can be considered in three main categories of brain structure, function, and metabolism. Macrostructural and microstructural changes have been revealed with three-dimensional MR imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and higher order diffusion imaging. Functional abnormalities have been described with both task-mediated and resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent functional MR imaging. Metabolic changes suggesting neuronal injury have been demonstrated with MR spectroscopy. These findings improve understanding of the true impact of mTBI and its pathogenesis. Further investigation may eventually lead to improved diagnosis, prognosis, and management of this common and costly condition. (©) RSNA, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Ivan I Kirov
- From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Oded Gonen
- From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Yulin Ge
- From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Robert I Grossman
- From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Yvonne W Lui
- From the Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10016
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE, Korshunova GA, Sumbatyan NV, Kapkaeva MR, Skulachev VP. Neuroprotective properties of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants of the SkQ-type. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:849-855. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn 2008, using a model of compression brain ischemia, we presented the first evidence that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants of the SkQ family, i.e. SkQR1 [10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decylrhodamine], have a neuroprotective action. It was shown that intraperitoneal injections of SkQR1 (0.5–1 μmol/kg) 1 day before ischemia significantly decreased the damaged brain area. Later, we studied in more detail the anti-ischemic action of this antioxidant in a model of experimental focal ischemia provoked by unilateral intravascular occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The neuroprotective action of SkQ family compounds (SkQR1, SkQ1, SkQTR1, SkQT1) was manifested through the decrease in trauma-induced neurological deficit in animals and prevention of amyloid-β-induced impairment of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. At present, most neurophysiologists suppose that long-term potentiation underlies cellular mechanisms of memory and learning. They consider inhibition of this process by amyloid-β1-42as anin vitromodel of memory disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease. Further development of the above studies revealed that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants could retard accumulation of hyperphosphorylated τ-protein, as well as amyloid-β1-42, and its precursor APP in the brain, which are involved in developing neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay K. Isaev
- 1Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory, 1, b. 40, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
- 2Brain Research Department Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Stelmashook
- 2Brain Research Department Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elisaveta E. Genrikhs
- 2Brain Research Department Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina A. Korshunova
- 1Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory, 1, b. 40, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya V. Sumbatyan
- 1Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory, 1, b. 40, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina R. Kapkaeva
- 2Brain Research Department Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir P. Skulachev
- 1Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory, 1, b. 40, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Role of NMDA Receptor-Mediated Glutamatergic Signaling in Chronic and Acute Neuropathologies. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:2701526. [PMID: 27630777 PMCID: PMC5007376 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2701526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have two opposing roles in the brain. On the one hand, NMDARs control critical events in the formation and development of synaptic organization and synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the overactivation of NMDARs can promote neuronal death in neuropathological conditions. Ca(2+) influx acts as a primary modulator after NMDAR channel activation. An imbalance in Ca(2+) homeostasis is associated with several neurological diseases including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These chronic conditions have a lengthy progression depending on internal and external factors. External factors such as acute episodes of brain damage are associated with an earlier onset of several of these chronic mental conditions. Here, we will review some of the current evidence of how traumatic brain injury can hasten the onset of several neurological conditions, focusing on the role of NMDAR distribution and the functional consequences in calcium homeostasis associated with synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death present in this group of chronic diseases.
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Guerini FR, Farina E, Costa AS, Baglio F, Saibene FL, Margaritella N, Calabrese E, Zanzottera M, Bolognesi E, Nemni R, Clerici M. ApoE and SNAP-25 Polymorphisms Predict the Outcome of Multidimensional Stimulation Therapy Rehabilitation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 30:883-93. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968316642523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Rate of decline and functional restoration in AD greatly depend on the capacity for neural plasticity within residual neural tissues; this is at least partially influenced by polymorphisms in genes that determine neural plasticity, including Apolipoprotein E4 ( ApoE4) and synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa ( SNAP-25). Objective. We investigated whether correlations could be detected between polymorphisms of ApoE4 and SNAP-25 and the outcome of a multidimensional rehabilitative approach, based on cognitive stimulation, behavioral, and functional therapy (multidimensional stimulation therapy [MST]). Methods. Fifty-eight individuals with mild-to-moderate AD underwent MST for 10 weeks. Neuro-psychological functional and behavioral evaluations were performed blindly by a neuropsychologist at baseline and after 10 weeks of therapy using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Functional Living Skill Assessment (FLSA), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scales. Molecular genotyping of ApoE4 and SNAP-25 rs363050, rs363039, rs363043 was performed. Results were correlated with ΔMMSE, ΔNPI and ΔFLSA scores by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results. Polymorphisms in both genes correlated with the outcome of MST for MMSE and NPI scores. Thus, higher overall MMSE scores after rehabilitation were detected in ApoE4 negative compared to ApoE4 positive patients, whereas the SNAP-25 rs363050(G) and rs363039(A) alleles correlated with significant improvements in behavioural parameters. Conclusions. Polymorphisms in genes known to modulate neural plasticity might predict the outcome of a multistructured rehabilitation protocol in patients with AD. These data, although needing confirmation on larger case studies, could help optimizing the clinical management of individuals with AD, for example defining a more intensive treatment in those subjects with a lower likelihood of success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raffaello Nemni
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Maloney B, Lahiri DK. Epigenetics of dementia: understanding the disease as a transformation rather than a state. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:760-774. [PMID: 27302240 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and other idiopathic dementias are associated with epigenetic transformations. These transformations connect the environment and genes to pathogenesis, and have led to the investigation of epigenetic-based therapeutic targes for the treatment of these diseases. Epigenetic changes occur over time in response to environmental effects. The epigenome-based latent early-life associated regulation (LEARn) hypothetical model indicates that accumulated environmental hits produce latent epigenetic changes. These hits can alter biochemical pathways until a pathological threshold is reached, which appears clinically as the onset of dementia. The hypotheses posed by LEARn are testable via longitudinal epigenome-wide, envirome-wide, and exposome-wide association studies (LEWAS) of the genome, epigenome, and environment. We posit that the LEWAS design could lead to effective prevention and treatments by identifying potential therapeutic strategies. Epigenetic evidence suggests that dementia is not a suddenly occurring and sharply delineated state, but rather a gradual change in crucial cellular pathways, that transforms an otherwise healthy state, as a result of neurodegeneration, to a dysfunctional state. Evidence from epigenetics could lead to ways to detect, prevent, and reverse such processes before clinical dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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40
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Sundman M, Doraiswamy PM, Morey RA. Neuroimaging assessment of early and late neurobiological sequelae of traumatic brain injury: implications for CTE. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:334. [PMID: 26441507 PMCID: PMC4585087 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been increasingly accepted as a major external risk factor for neurodegenerative morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence indicates that the resultant chronic neurobiological sequelae following head trauma may, at least in part, contribute to a pathologically distinct disease known as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). The clinical manifestation of CTE is variable, but the symptoms of this progressive disease include impaired memory and cognition, affective disorders (i.e., impulsivity, aggression, depression, suicidality, etc.), and diminished motor control. Notably, mounting evidence suggests that the pathology contributing to CTE may be caused by repetitive exposure to subconcussive hits to the head, even in those with no history of a clinically evident head injury. Given the millions of athletes and military personnel with potential exposure to repetitive subconcussive insults and TBI, CTE represents an important public health issue. However, the incidence rates and pathological mechanisms are still largely unknown, primarily due to the fact that there is no in vivo diagnostic tool. The primary objective of this manuscript is to address this limitation and discuss potential neuroimaging modalities that may be capable of diagnosing CTE in vivo through the detection of tau and other known pathological features. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges of TBI research, outline the known pathology of CTE (with an emphasis on Tau), review current neuroimaging modalities to assess the potential routes for in vivo diagnosis, and discuss the future directions of CTE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sundman
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - P Murali Doraiswamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA ; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
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