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Wang X, Yi Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li X, Qi D, Wang Q, Chai X, Liu H, Wang G, Pan Y, Liu Y, Yu G. Identification and Therapeutic Potential of Polymethoxylated Flavones in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium for Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting Neuroinflammation. Molecules 2025; 30:771. [PMID: 40005082 PMCID: PMC11857992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2025] [Revised: 02/01/2025] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a significant driving force in the pathogenesis and progression of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), the key lipid-soluble constituents in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), exhibit excellent blood-brain barrier permeability and anti-inflammatory properties, holding therapeutic potential for CNS disorders. However, the specific bioactive components and therapeutic effects of PMFs in treating CNS disorders are not well understood. This study employed a comprehensive sequential metabolism approach to elucidate the dynamic biotransformation of PMFs in vivo and identified seven brain-targeting components. Subsequently, network pharmacology and experimental validation were utilized to explore the potential mechanisms of PMFs. The results suggested that PMFs have potential therapeutic value for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like mice, with the inhibition of neuroinflammation likely being a key mechanism of their anti-AD effects. Notably, sinensetin, tangeretin, nobiletin, and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone were identified as potent neuroinflammatory inhibitors. This research elucidated the chemical and therapeutic foundations of PMFs, indicating their potential as treatments or nutritional supplements for AD prevention and treatment. Moreover, the integrated triad approach of sequential metabolism, network pharmacology, and experimental validation may serve as a promising strategy for screening bioactive compounds in herbs or functional foods, as well as for elucidating their therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (D.Q.); (Q.W.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Zirong Yi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (D.Q.); (Q.W.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (D.Q.); (Q.W.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Dongying Qi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (D.Q.); (Q.W.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (D.Q.); (Q.W.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (D.Q.); (Q.W.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (D.Q.); (Q.W.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Guopeng Wang
- Zhongcai Health (Beijing) Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 101500, China;
| | - Yanli Pan
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; (X.W.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (D.Q.); (Q.W.); (X.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Guohua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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Wang T, Huang Y, Jiang P, Yuan X, Long Q, Yan X, Huang Y, Wang Z, Li C. Research progress on anti-inflammatory drugs for preventing colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 144:113583. [PMID: 39580861 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 11/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) encompass a group of chronic intestinal inflammatory disorders, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). As a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, UC may persist and elevate the risk of malignancy, thereby contributing to the development of colorectal cancer, known as colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Chronic intestinal inflammation is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer, and the incidence of colitis-associated colorectal cancer continues to rise. Current studies indicate that therapeutic agents targeting inflammation and key molecules or signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory process may effectively prevent and treat CAC. Mechanistically, drugs with anti-inflammatory or modulatory effects on inflammation-related pathways may exert preventive or therapeutic roles in CAC through multiple molecules or signaling pathways implicated in tumor development. Moreover, the development or discovery of novel drugs with anti-inflammatory properties to prevent or delay CAC progression is becoming an emerging field in fighting against CRC. Therefore, this review aims to summarize drugs that prevent or delay CAC through modulating anti-inflammatory pathways. First, we categorize the published studies exploring the role of anti-inflammatory in CAC prevention. Second, we highlight the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of the above-mentioned drugs. Finally, we discuss the potential and challenges associated with clinical application of these drugs. It is hoped that this review offers new insights for further drug development and mechanism exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | | | - Peng Jiang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Qian Long
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Yan
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China
| | - Zongkui Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610052, PR China.
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Xu F, Li X, Wang X, Wu H, Chen S, Chen J, Kong X, Yang Z. Revealing therapeutic targets and drugs from Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis using bioinformatics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39693490 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2440651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenesis and therapeutic drugs for ulcerative colitis (UC) have plagued researchers worldwide. In this study, therapeutic targets, and drugs from Chinese medicines for UC were screened using bioinformatics. We downloaded five datasets from the GEO database and three machine learning algorithms were used for screening diagnostic biomarkers of UC. Combined with the differential genes for UC, gene sets related to bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acids, apoptosis, pyroptosis, G-protein-coupled receptors, mitochondria, and autophagy were collected to screen the core targets, and analyze the association of therapeutic genes (diagnostic biomarkers and core targets) with immune cells. In addition, screening ingredients of Chinese medicines based on UC therapeutic targets was performed. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and literature validation were also performed. The screening yielded 37 key therapeutic targets, including 5 diagnostic biomarkers (CCL11, CXCL1, PDZK1IP1, TIMP1, and UGT2A3) and 32 core targets based on hot gene sets. Immune cell infiltration was strongly associated with therapeutic targets in UC, especially neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells. Furthermore, a total of 33 compounds with high safety had been recognized as having potential to mitigate UC by reverse prediction from Chinese medicines, and molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and literature reports preliminarily validated the screening results. Although further experimental validation is needed, this work provides some potential therapeutic targets and drugs from Chinese medicines against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangpei Wang
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangxi Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Gao Z, Zheng J, Wu X, Savinov S, Zhao C, Xiao H. Heat shock cognate 70 protein is a novel target of nobiletin and its colonic metabolites in inhibiting colon carcinogenesis. Food Funct 2024; 15:10447-10458. [PMID: 39329172 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo03211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Nobiletin (NBT) is a unique flavonoid mainly found in citrus fruits and has been reported to inhibit colon carcinogenesis in multiple rodent models. However, the direct molecular targets of NBT are unknown, which greatly limits its utilization in cancer prevention and treatment. In this study, using affinity chromatography, proteomics, computer modeling and various biochemical analyses, for the first time we identified HSC70 as a direct protein target of NBT in colon cancer cells. Moreover, NBT bound to HSC70 at its ATP-binding site and inhibited its ATPase activity. Importantly, our results also demonstrated that the major colonic metabolites of NBT (generated in the colon of NBT-fed mice) produced similar inhibitory effects against HSC70-mediated pro-carcinogenic events to those of NBT. Overall, our results provide a solid basis to further investigate the implication of the interaction between NBT/NBT metabolites and HSC70 in cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Sergey Savinov
- Division of Arts and Sciences, Rivier University, Nashua, NH, USA
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
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Hu M, Yuan L, Zhu J. The Dual Role of NRF2 in Colorectal Cancer: Targeting NRF2 as a Potential Therapeutic Approach. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5985-6004. [PMID: 39247839 PMCID: PMC11380863 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s479794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), as the third most common bisexual cancer worldwide, requires urgent research on its underlying mechanisms and intervention methods. NRF2 is an important transcription factor involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis, protein degradation, DNA repair, and other cancer processes, playing an important role in cancer. In recent years, the complex role of NRF2 in CRC has been continuously revealed: on the one hand, it exhibits a chemopreventive effect on cancer by protecting normal cells from oxidative stress, and on the other hand, it also exhibits a protective effect on malignant cells. Therefore, this article explores the dual role of NRF2 and its related signaling pathways in CRC, including their chemical protective properties and promoting effects in the occurrence, development, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. In addition, this article focuses on exploring the regulation of NRF2 in CRC ferroptosis, as well as NRF2 drug modulators (activators and inhibitors) targeting CRC, including natural products, compounds, and traditional Chinese medicine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Hu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Oncology Department II, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, Zhao M, Kuang Q, You F, Jiang Y. A comprehensive review of phytochemicals targeting macrophages for the regulation of colorectal cancer progression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155451. [PMID: 38513378 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemicals are natural compounds derived from plants, and are now at the forefront of anti-cancer research. Macrophage immunotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). In the context of colorectal cancer, which remains highly prevalent and difficult to treat, it is of research value to explore the potential mechanisms and efficacy of phytochemicals targeting macrophages for CRC treatment. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to gain insight into the role of phytochemical-macrophage interactions in regulating CRC and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies in the future. STUDY DESIGN This review discusses the potential immune mechanisms of phytochemicals for the treatment of CRC by summarizing research of phytochemicals targeting macrophages. METHODS We reviewed the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI databases from their initial establishment to July 2023 to classify and summaries phytochemicals according to their mechanism of action in targeting macrophages. RESULTS The results of the literature review suggest that phytochemicals interfere with CRC development by affecting macrophages through four main mechanisms. Firstly, they modulate the production of cytotoxic substances, such as NO and ROS, by macrophages to exert anticancer effects. Secondly, phytochemicals polarize macrophages towards the M1 phenotype, inhibit M2 polarisation and enhance the anti-tumour immune responses. Thirdly, they enhance the secretion of macrophage-derived cytokines and alter the tumour microenvironment, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. Finally, they activate the immune response by targeting macrophages, triggering the recruitment of other immune cells, thereby enhancing the immune killing effect and exerting anti-tumor effects. These findings highlight phytochemicals as potential therapeutic strategies to intervene in colorectal cancer development by modulating macrophage activity, providing a strong theoretical basis for future clinical applications. CONCLUSION Phytochemicals exhibit potential anti-tumour effects by modulating macrophage activity and intervening in the colorectal cancer microenvironment by multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072, PR China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qixuan Kuang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072, PR China
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072, PR China; Cancer Institute, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610075, PR China.
| | - Yifang Jiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072, PR China.
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Li T, Chen K, Wang X, Wang Y, Su Y, Guo Y. Mass Spectrometry Rearrangement Ions and Metabolic Pathway-Based Discovery of Indole Derivatives during the Aging Process in Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'. Foods 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 38201037 PMCID: PMC10778486 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid analysis and characterization of compounds using mass spectrometry (MS) may overlook trace compounds. Although targeted analysis methods can significantly improve detection sensitivity, it is hard to discover novel scaffold compounds in the trace. This study developed a strategy for discovering trace compounds in the aging process of traditional Chinese medicine based on MS fragmentation and known metabolic pathways. Specifically, we found that the characteristic component of C. reticulata 'Chachi', methyl N-methyl anthranilate (MMA), fragmented in electrospray ionization coupled with collision-induced dissociation (CID) to produce the rearrangement ion 3-hydroxyindole, which was proven to exist in trace amounts in C. reticulata 'Chachi' based on comparison with the reference substance using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Combining the known metabolic pathways of 3-hydroxyindole and the possible methylation reactions that may occur during aging, a total of 10 possible indole derivatives were untargeted predicted. These compounds were confirmed to originate from MMA using purchased or synthesized reference substances, all of which were detected in C. reticulata 'Chachi' through LC-MS/MS, achieving trace compound analysis from untargeted to targeted. These results may contribute to explaining the aging mechanism of C. reticulata 'Chachi', and the strategy of using the CID-induced special rearrangement ion-binding metabolic pathway has potential application value for discovering trace compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.C.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.C.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.C.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yue Su
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (K.C.); (X.W.); (Y.G.)
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Gandhi GR, Mohana T, Athesh K, Hillary VE, Vasconcelos ABS, Farias de Franca MN, Montalvão MM, Ceasar SA, Jothi G, Sridharan G, Gurgel RQ, Xu B. Anti-inflammatory natural products modulate interleukins and their related signaling markers in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1408-1428. [PMID: 38223446 PMCID: PMC10785269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Specifically, the objective is to examine the impact of these substances on interleukins and other key inflammatory signaling markers. Relevant articles published up to December 2022 were identified through a search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The search used keywords including "inflammatory bowel disease", "medicinal plants", "natural molecules", "anti-inflammatory", and "ulcerative colitis", and identified 1,878 potentially relevant articles, of which 89 were included in this review after completion of the selection process. This study provides preclinical data on natural products (NPs) that can potentially treat IBD, including ulcerative colitis. The main actions of these NPs relate to their effects on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, the regulation of T helper 17/regulatory T cells balance, and oxidative stress. The ability of these NPs to inhibit intestinal inflammation appears to be dependent on lowering levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-17, via the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1, NF-κβ-p65, and STAT3 pathways. In addition, NPs were shown to reduce oxidative stress and the severity of ulcerative colitis, as well as increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. These actions suggest that NPs represent a promising treatment for IBD, and potentially have greater efficacy and safety than current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kalamaserry, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
| | - Thiruchenduran Mohana
- Department of Biochemistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital (MAHER), Maduravoyal, 600095, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaraswamy Athesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varghese Edwin Hillary
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kalamaserry, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
| | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju, CEP 49060.108, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Martins Montalvão
- Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju, CEP 49060.108, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kalamaserry, Kochi, 683104, Kerala, India
| | - Gnanasekaran Jothi
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunagarajan Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, 620005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju, CEP 49060.108, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Baojun Xu
- Programme of Food Science and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519087, China
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Ren C, Li Q, Luo T, Betti M, Wang M, Qi S, Wu L, Zhao L. Antioxidant Polyphenols from Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. Honey: Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Lipopolysaccharide-Treated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1809. [PMID: 37891888 PMCID: PMC10604429 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the honey produced by Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. is precious because of its medicinal value, its pharmacological mechanism is still unclear. Here, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages were analyzed using targeted and non-targeted metabolomics. Results showed that twelve polyphenols were identified in L. bicolor honey using UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. L. bicolor honey extract could scavenge the free radicals DPPH• and ABTS+ and reduce Fe3+. Furthermore, pretreatment with L. bicolor honey extract significantly decreased NO production; suppressed the expression of COX-2, IL-10, TNF-α, and iNOS; and upregulated HO-1's expression in the cells with LPS application. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics results revealed that L. bicolor honey extract could protect against inflammatory damage caused by LPS through the reduced activation of sphingolipid metabolism and necroptosis pathways. These findings demonstrate that L. bicolor honey possesses excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (C.R.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Qiangqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (C.R.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Teng Luo
- Institute of NBC Defence, Beijing 102205, China;
| | - Mirko Betti
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (C.R.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Suzhen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (C.R.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
| | - Liming Wu
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liuwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (C.R.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (S.Q.)
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10
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ALaqeel NK. Antioxidants from different citrus peels provide protection against cancer. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e271619. [PMID: 37436265 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Despite significant advancements in the discovery of medications for the treatment of cancer, these drugs are hindered by applicability and efficacy issues and frequently exhibit major side effects that can further impair patients 'quality of life. Therefore, the development of therapeutically sound anti-cancer medicines derived from natural products has gained prominence in the field of functional foods. Some of these compounds have shown efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cancer as well as low toxicity. Additionally, many recent studies have explored the recycling of agro-industrial waste to create bioactive chemicals. Citrus peels are produced in vast quantities in the food processing sector; due to their abundance of flavonoids, they may be inexpensive sources of protection against several cancers. Citrus is a common type of fruit that contains a variety of nutrients. In particular, the antioxidant chemicals found in citrus peel have been identified as potential cancer-fighting agents. Antioxidant substances such as flavonoids prevent the development of cancer by inhibiting the metastatic cascade, decreasing the mobility of cancer cells in the circulatory system, promoting apoptosis, and suppressing angiogenesis. To explore the most effective uses of citrus peel-derived antioxidants, this review presents background information, an overview of the role of citrus antioxidants in cancer therapy, and a discussion of the key underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Khalifa ALaqeel
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Du C, Li Z, Zhang J, Yin N, Tang L, Li J, Sun J, Yu X, Chen W, Xiao H, Wu X, Chen X. The protective effect of carnosic acid on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis based on metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Zhan M, Liang X, Chen J, Yang X, Han Y, Zhao C, Xiao J, Cao Y, Xiao H, Song M. Dietary 5-demethylnobiletin prevents antibiotic-associated dysbiosis of gut microbiota and damage to the colonic barrier. Food Funct 2023; 14:4414-4429. [PMID: 37097253 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
5-Demethylnobiletin (5DN) is an important ingredient of citrus extract that is rich in polymethoxyflavones (PMFs). In this study, we systemically investigated the preventive effects of 5DN on antibiotic-associated intestinal disturbances. Experimental mice were gavaged 0.2 mL per day of the antibiotic cocktail (12.5 g L-1 cefuroxime and 10 g L-1 levofloxacin) for 10 days, accompanied by dietary 0.05% 5DN for 10 and 20 days. The results showed that the combination of cefuroxime and levofloxacin caused swelling of the cecum and injury to the colon tissue. Meanwhile, the balance of intestinal oxidative stress and the barrier function of mice was also damaged by the antibiotics through upregulation of the relative mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and downregulation of the relative protein levels of tight junction proteins (TJs). Moreover, antibiotic exposure led to disorder of the gut microbiota, particularly increased harmful bacteria (Proteobacteria) and decreased beneficial bacteria (Bacteroideta). However, dietary 5DN could reduce antibiotic-associated intestinal damage, evidenced by the results that 5DN alleviated gut oxidative damage and attenuated intestinal barrier injury via increasing the expression of TJs including occludin and zonula occluden1 (ZO1). Additionally, dietary 5DN modulated the composition of the gut microbiota in antibiotic-treated mice by increasing the relative levels of beneficial bacteria, such as Dubosiella and Lactobacillus. Moreover, PMFs increased the contents of isobutyric acid and butyric acid, which were almost eliminated by antibiotic exposure. In conclusion, 5DN could alleviate antibiotic-related imbalance of intestinal oxidative stress, barrier function damage, intestinal flora disorders and the reduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which lays a foundation for exploring safer and more effective ways to prevent or mitigate antibiotic-associated intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinyan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Nobiletin is capable of regulating certain anti-cancer pathways in a colon cancer cell line. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:547-555. [PMID: 36454256 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural remedies have the potential to improve conventional cancer therapies and enhance patient outcomes. Citrus polymethoxyflavone nobiletin has been demonstrated to have anticancer effects on several cancer cell lines. In this study, the anti-cancer activity of nobiletin is investigated on Bax, Bcl-2, HO-1, VEGF, MMP-7, Akt, p70S6K, 4EBP1, tuberin, and hamartin. IC50 doses were 403.6 µM, 264 µM, and 40 µM, respectively, at 24, 48, and 72 h. Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, and p70S6K levels decreased at nobiletin concentrations greater than 100, 250, 500, and 1000 µM, respectively. Nobiletin decreased HO-1 and VEGF levels at concentrations greater than 100 µM. MMP-7 levels interestingly increased at 100 µM but decreased at doses greater than 250 µM. 4EBP1 levels increased, except from 2000 and 3000 µM nobiletin concentrations. Tuberin levels increased at 10, 50, and 3000 µM, decreased at 250 µM, and remained unchanged at the rest of the concentrations. Nobiletin decreased hamartin levels; however, this decrease was statistically significant only at 10, 100, 250, 500, and 3000 µM concentrations. Decreased Akt activity might be interpreted as nobiletin inhibiting mTORC1 activity and subsequently increased 4EBP1 and unchanged or decreased p70S6K protein levels. Akt activity can cause suppression of angiogenesis via decreased VEGF, MMP-7, and HO-1 levels at concentrations greater than 500 µM. These results are significant as a nobiletin therapy could prevent colon cancer progression by inhibiting Akt signaling and angiogenesis.
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Corrado C, Barreca MM, Raimondo S, Diana P, Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Conigliaro A, Alessandro R. Nobiletin and xanthohumol counteract the TNFα-mediated activation of endothelial cells through the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:634-647. [PMID: 36378586 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a process characterized by the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a crucial step in tumor growth and dissemination. Given the ability of tumors to interfere with multiple or different molecular pathways to promote angiogenesis, there is an increasing need to therapeutically block tumor progression by targeting multiple antiangiogenic pathways. Natural polyphenols present health-protective properties, which are likely attributed to their ability to activate multiple pathways involved in inflammation, carcinogenesis, and angiogenesis. Recently, increased attention has been addressed to the ability of flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in the diet, to prevent cancer by suppressing angiogenesis. Here we investigate the mechanisms by which xanthohumol (the major prenylated flavonoid of the hop plant Humulus lupulus L.) and nobiletin (flavonoid from red-orange Citrus sinensis) can modulate the effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The results reported in this paper show that xanthohumol and nobiletin pretreatment of HUVEC inhibits the effects induced by TNF-α on cell migration, invasion capability, and colon cancer cell adhesion on the endothelial monolayer. Moreover, the pretreatment reduces metalloproteinases and adhesion molecules' expression. Finally, our results highlight that xanthohumol and nobiletin can counteract the effects of TNF-α on angiogenesis and invasiveness, mainly through Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and NF-κB pathways. Since angiogenesis plays an important pathological role in the progression of several diseases, our findings may provide clues for developing xanthohumol and nobiletin as therapeutic agents against angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Corrado
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Laurindo LF, de Maio MC, Minniti G, de Góes Corrêa N, Barbalho SM, Quesada K, Guiguer EL, Sloan KP, Detregiachi CRP, Araújo AC, de Alvares Goulart R. Effects of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals in Nrf2 Pathways during Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Related Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:243. [PMID: 36837862 PMCID: PMC9966918 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are related to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) dysregulation. In vitro and in vivo studies using phytocompounds as modulators of the Nrf2 signaling in IBD have already been published. However, no existing review emphasizes the whole scenario for the potential of plants and phytocompounds as regulators of Nrf2 in IBD models and colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. For these reasons, this study aimed to build a review that could fill this void. The PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and Google Scholar databases were searched. The literature review showed that medicinal plants and phytochemicals regulated the Nrf2 on IBD and IBD-associated colorectal cancer by amplifying the expression of the Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying enzymes and diminishing NF-κB-related inflammation. These effects improve the bowel environment, mucosal barrier, colon, and crypt disruption, reduce ulceration and microbial translocation, and consequently, reduce the disease activity index (DAI). Moreover, the modulation of Nrf2 can regulate various genes involved in cellular redox, protein degradation, DNA repair, xenobiotic metabolism, and apoptosis, contributing to the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Canevari de Maio
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália de Góes Corrêa
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia R. P. Detregiachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Štellerová D, Michalík M, Lukeš V. Methoxylated flavones with potential therapeutic and photo-protective attributes: Theoretical investigation of substitution effect. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113387. [PMID: 36055427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and electronic structure of parent flavone and 49 (poly)methoxylated flavones (P)MFs were studied theoretically. Selected group of flavonoids consists of compounds naturally occurring in citrus plants or synthetic derivatives of flavone. These compounds exhibit several bioactivities in vitro and in vivo and can protect plants from solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Substitution induced structural changes in (P)MFs were correlated with published experimental values of P-glycoprotein inhibition effect. We have demonstrated that the C5-C10 bond length of 1-benzopyran-4-one moiety represents a suitable structural descriptor for this bioactivity. Obtained linear equations for the compounds with substituted and non-substituted C3 position enable the prediction of the potential anti-cancer chemo-preventive effect of the rest of studied (P)MFs. Consequently, potentially more effective substances were suggested. Optical properties of (P)MFs and their relationship with the molecular structure was examined in detail for methanol environment, as well. The multiple linear regression model was applied to assess the correlation between experimental absorption and fluorescence wavelengths with the theoretically predicted ones. The UV photo-protective potential of studied derivatives was estimated from the calculated optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Štellerová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Michalík
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Lukeš
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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17
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Wang H, Tian W, Li Y, Yuan Y, Lv M, Cao Y, Xiao J. Intervention effects of multilayer core-shell particles on colitis amelioration mechanisms of capsaicin. J Control Release 2022; 351:324-340. [PMID: 36155206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The intervention effects of delivery systems on the digestion and adsorption profiles and, thus, the pharmacological effects of bioactive compounds represent an intriguing scientific hypothesis that can be proven with research case studies. Delivery systems with tailor-made structures fabricating from the same building materials offer a new research strategy for deciphering the modulating effects of the digestive fate on the therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated bioactive compounds. Herein, we developed capsaicin-loaded core-shell nanoparticles (Cap NPs), microparticles (Cap MPs) and nano-in-micro particles (Cap NPs in MPs) and investigated their regulatory effects on the digestive fate and colitis-alleviating mechanisms of capsaicin. Results suggested that the small intestine dominant absorption of Cap NPs differed significantly with the colorectal dominated accumulation of Cap MPs and Cap NPs in MPs in terms of the colitis alleviating mechanisms. Cap NPs alleviated colitis mainly through promoting the colonization of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, maintaining intestinal barrier homeostasis and partially inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway. Whereas, better dietary intervention effects were achieved from Cap NPs in MPs via promoting the proliferation of mucus-related bacteria and enhanced triggering efficiency on the TRPV1-mucus-microbiotas cyclic cascade. This work confirmed that rationally designed biomaterial-based delivery vehicles can flexibly interfere with the therapeutic mechanisms of encapsulated cargos, representing a new horizon in the field of precise nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Wenni Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Muwen Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Pharmacological Effects of Polyphenol Phytochemicals on the Intestinal Inflammation via Targeting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136939. [PMID: 35805952 PMCID: PMC9266441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR4/NF-κB is a key inflammatory signaling transduction pathway, closely involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory response. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), the first mammalian TLR to be characterized, is the innate immune receptor that plays a key role in inflammatory signal transductions. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), the TLR4 downstream, is the key to accounting for the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans is a chronic inflammatory disease with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. Targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective strategy to alleviate intestinal inflammation. Polyphenol phytochemicals have shown noticeable alleviative effects by acting on the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal inflammation. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of more than 20 kinds of polyphenols on intestinal inflammation via targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. We expected that polyphenol phytochemicals targeting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway might be an effective approach to treat IBD in future clinical research applications.
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Yuan S, Ye Z, Li Y, Zou J, Wu M, Wang K, Liao W, Shen J. Hypoglycemic Effect of Nobiletin via Regulation of Islet β-Cell Mitophagy and Gut Microbiota Homeostasis in Streptozocin-Challenged Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5805-5818. [PMID: 35522926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nobiletin is a natural nutrient (or polymethoxyflavonoid) in orange peels exerting a preventive effect against metabolic diseases. However, there are very few reports on the hypoglycemic effect of nobiletin. In the present study, the hypoglycemic effect of nobiletin was investigated using NIT-1 cells and streptozocin (STZ)-challenged mouse models. Our results indicated that nobiletin could significantly suppress the high blood glucose in STZ-challenged mice. In addition, nobiletin could effectively activate the mitophagy and inhibit the inflammatory pathways in NIT-1 cells. The mitochondria membrane potential dysbiosis induced by glucotoxicity in NIT-1 cells was restored after treatment by nobiletin. Further investigation revealed that the hypoglycemic effect of nobiletin was mainly through regulation of gut microbiota dysbiosis, activation of mitophagy flux, inhibition of inflammasome expression, and restoration of islet morphological destruction in the pancreas of STZ-challenged mice. Our study revealed that nobiletin could be used as a functional food or drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zichong Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zou
- School of Biological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mengting Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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Hussain H, Mamadalieva NZ, Hussain A, Hassan U, Rabnawaz A, Ahmed I, Green IR. Fruit Peels: Food Waste as a Valuable Source of Bioactive Natural Products for Drug Discovery. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1960-1994. [PMID: 35678663 PMCID: PMC9164088 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits along with vegetables are crucial for a balanced diet. These not only have delicious flavors but are also reported to decrease the risk of contracting various chronic diseases. Fruit by-products are produced in huge quantity during industrial processing and constitute a serious issue because they may pose a harmful risk to the environment. The proposal of employing fruit by-products, particularly fruit peels, has gradually attained popularity because scientists found that in many instances peels displayed better biological and pharmacological applications than other sections of the fruit. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of fruit peel extracts and natural products obtained in food industries along with their other potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan;
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan;
| | - Uzma Hassan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Aisha Rabnawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56130, Pakistan;
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
| | - Ivan R. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa;
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Chen YY, Liang JJ, Wang DL, Chen JB, Cao JP, Wang Y, Sun CD. Nobiletin as a chemopreventive natural product against cancer, a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6309-6329. [PMID: 35089821 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a leading cause of death, second only to heart disease, cancer has always been one of the burning topics in medical research. When targeting multiple signal pathways in tumorigenesis chemoprevention, using natural or synthetic anti-cancer drugs is a vital strategy to reduce cancer damage. However, toxic effects, multidrug resistance (MDR) as well as cancer stem cells (CSCs) all prominently limited the clinical application of conventional anticancer drugs. With low side effects, strong biological activity, unique mechanism, and wide range of targets, natural products derived from plants are considered significant sources for new drug development. Nobiletin is one of the most attractive compounds, a unique flavonoid primarily isolated from the peel of citrus fruits. Numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have suggested that nobiletin and its derivatives possess the eminent potential to become effective cancer chemoprevention agents through various cellular and molecular levels. This article aims to comprehensively review the anticancer efficacy and specific mechanisms of nobiletin, enhancing our understanding of its chemoprevention properties and providing the latest research findings. At the end of this review, we also give some discussion and future perspectives regarding the challenges and opportunities in nobiletin efficient exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deng-Liang Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Quzhou, China
| | - Jie-Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Yarim GF, Yarim M, Sozmen M, Gokceoglu A, Ertekin A, Kabak YB, Karaca E. Nobiletin attenuates inflammation via modulating proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokine expressions in an autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. Fitoterapia 2021; 156:105099. [PMID: 34896483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of nobiletin by evaluating the expression of cytokines associated with inflammatory reactions in an autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. A total of 60 male C57BL/6 mice aged between 8 and 10 weeks were used. Mice were divided into six groups (n = 10 mice per group): control, EAE, low-prophylaxis, high-prophylaxis, low-treatment and high-treatment. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and pertussis toxin. Nobiletin was administered in low (25 mg/kg) and high (50 mg/kg) doses, intraperitoneally. The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of nobiletin on brain tissue and spinal cord were evaluated by expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), IL-6, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Prophylactic and therapeutic use of nobiletin inhibited EAE-induced increase of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 activities to alleviate inflammatory response in brain and spinal cord. Moreover, nobiletin supplement dramatically increased the IL-10, TGF-β and IFNγ expressions in prophylaxis and treatment groups compared with the EAE group in the brain and spinal cord. The results obtained from this study show that prophylactic and therapeutic nobiletin modulates expressions of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in brain and spinal cord dose-dependent manner in EAE model. These data demonstrates that nobiletin has a potential to attenuate inflammation in EAE mouse model. These experimental findings need to be supported by clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- Cytokines/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/biosynthesis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Flavones/pharmacology
- Flavones/therapeutic use
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/prevention & control
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/isolation & purification
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Fatma Yarim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Murat Yarim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayris Gokceoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ali Ertekin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yonca Betil Kabak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Efe Karaca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
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23
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Zhang L, Ma M, Li Z, Zhang H, He X, Song Z. Protective Effects of L-Theanine on IPEC-J2 Cells Growth Inhibition Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium via p53 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:7002. [PMID: 34834090 PMCID: PMC8624936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
L-theanine is a nonprotein amino acid found in tea leaves and has been widely used as a safe food additive in beverages or foods because of its varied bioactivities. The aim of this study was to reveal the in vitro gastrointestinal protective effects of L-theanine in DSS-induced intestinal porcine enterocyte (IPEC-J2) cell models using molecular and metabolic methods. Results showed that 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment inhibited the cell proliferation of IPEC-J2 and blocked the normal operation of the cell cycle, while L-theanine pretreatment significantly preserved these trends to exert protective effects. L-theanine pre-treatment also up-regulated the EGF, CDC2, FGF2, Rb genes and down-regulated p53, p21 proliferation-related mRNA expression in DSS-treated cells, in accompany with p53 signaling pathway inhibition. Meanwhile, metabolomics analysis revealed that L-theanine and DSS treated IPEC-J2 cells have different metabolomic profiles, with significant changes in the key metabolites involved in pyrimidine metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which play an important role in nucleotide metabolism. In summary, L-theanine has a beneficial protection in DSS-induced IPEC-J2 cells via promoting proliferation and regulating metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlin Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zehe Song
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Z.); (M.M.); (Z.L.); (H.Z.); (X.H.)
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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24
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Bayoumi M, Arafa MG, Nasr M, Sammour OA. Nobiletin-loaded composite penetration enhancer vesicles restore the normal miRNA expression and the chief defence antioxidant levels in skin cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20197. [PMID: 34642396 PMCID: PMC8511031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases, leading to massive losses and high death rates worldwide. Topical delivery of nutraceuticals is considered a suitable approach for efficient and safe treatment of skin cancer. Nobiletin; a flavone occurring in citrus fruits has been reported to inhibit proliferation of carcinogenesis since 1990s, is a promising candidate in this regard. Nobiletin was loaded in various vesicular systems to improve its cytotoxicity against skin cancer. Vesicles were prepared using the thin film hydration method, and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, TEM, ex-vivo skin deposition and physical stability. Nobiletin-loaded composite penetration enhancer vesicles (PEVs) and composite transfersomes exhibited particle size 126.70 ± 11.80 nm, 110.10 ± 0.90 nm, zeta potential + 6.10 ± 0.40 mV, + 9.80 ± 2.60 mV, entrapment efficiency 93.50% ± 3.60, 95.60% ± 1.50 and total skin deposition 95.30% ± 3.40, 100.00% ± 2.80, respectively. These formulations were selected for cytotoxicity study on epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Nobiletin-loaded composite PEVs displayed the lowest IC50 value, thus was selected for the in vivo study, where it restored skin condition in DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis mice, as delineated by histological and immuno-histochemical analysis, biochemical assessment of skin oxidative stress biomarkers, in addition to miRNA21 and miRNA29A. The outcomes confirmed that nobiletin- loaded composite PEVs is an efficient delivery system combating skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- Chemotherapeutic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, Cairo, 11561, Egypt.
| | - Omaima A Sammour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Organization Unity Street, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
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25
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CF3SOCl-promoted intramolecular cyclization of β-diketones: An efficient synthesis of flavones. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Rong X, Xu J, Jiang Y, Li F, Chen Y, Dou QP, Li D. Citrus peel flavonoid nobiletin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by activating IL-6/STAT3/FOXO3a-mediated autophagy. Food Funct 2021; 12:1305-1317. [PMID: 33439200 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02141e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nobiletin, a polymethoxyflavone widely present in the peel of citrus fruits, has significant anti-inflammatory activity. Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining cell homeostasis by promoting the degradation of intracellular structures in response to various stress. Recent research suggests the involvement of autophagy in the inflammatory process and therefore some inflammation-related diseases. However, the "cross-talk" between autophagy and nobiletin's anti-inflammation response remains not well elucidated. Therefore, this study was initiated with the aim of investigating the role of autophagy in nobiletin's protective effect against inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results showed that nobiletin significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) and decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, nobiletin significantly (P < 0.05) promoted autophagy as evidenced by the appearance of more autophagosomes, up-regulated LC3II protein, low-regulated p62 protein, and increased autophagy-related (Atg) genes' expression compared with the control treated with LPS alone. Addition of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, alleviated nobiletin's anti-inflammatory effect, further supporting the requirement of an active autophagy process for the citrus peel flavonoid's biological activity. Mechanistically, we found that nobiletin treatment leads to activation of the IL-6/STAT3/FOXO3a signal pathway through the down-regulation of IL-6 and STAT3 phosphorylation and the upregulation of FOXO3a phosphorylation in the cell nucleus, which is responsible for induction of macrophage autophagy. Taken together, our study provides evidence that nobiletin suppresses inflammatory response through enhancing autophagy through activating the IL-6/STAT3/FOXO3a pathway in macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Rong
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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27
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Nobiletin enhances the development and quality of bovine embryos in vitro during two key periods of embryonic genome activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11796. [PMID: 34083641 PMCID: PMC8175487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture can alter the development and quality of bovine embryos. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether nobiletin supplementation during EGA improves embryonic development and blastocyst quality and if it affects PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In vitro zygotes were cultured in SOF + 5% FCS (Control) or supplemented with 5, 10 or 25 µM nobiletin (Nob5, Nob10, Nob25) or with 0.03% dimethyl-sulfoxide (CDMSO) during minor (2 to 8-cell stage; MNEGA) or major (8 to 16-cell stage; MJEGA) EGA phase. Blastocyst yield on Day 8 was higher in Nob5 (42.7 ± 1.0%) and Nob10 (44.4 ± 1.3%) for MNEGA phase and in Nob10 (61.0 ± 0.8%) for MJEGA phase compared to other groups. Mitochondrial activity was higher and lipid content was reduced in blastocysts produced with nobiletin, irrespective of EGA phase. The mRNA abundance of CDK2, H3-3B, H3-3A, GPX1, NFE2L2 and PPARα transcripts was increased in 8-cells, 16-cells and blastocysts from nobiletin groups. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed immunoreactive proteins for p-AKT forms (Thr308 and Ser473) in bovine blastocysts produced with nobiletin. In conclusion, nobiletin supplementation during EGA has a positive effect on preimplantation bovine embryonic development in vitro and corroborates on the quality improvement of the produced blastocysts which could be modulated by the activation of AKT signaling pathway.
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28
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Lee DY, Song MY, Kim EH. Role of Oxidative Stress and Nrf2/KEAP1 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:743. [PMID: 34067204 PMCID: PMC8151932 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer still has a high incidence and mortality rate, according to a report from the American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer has a high prevalence in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, has been known to cause inflammatory diseases and malignant disorders. In particular, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway is well known to protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf2 was first found in the homolog of the hematopoietic transcription factor p45 NF-E2, and the transcription factor Nrf2 is a member of the Cap 'N' Collar family. KEAP1 is well known as a negative regulator that rapidly degrades Nrf2 through the proteasome system. A range of evidence has shown that consumption of phytochemicals has a preventive or inhibitory effect on cancer progression or proliferation, depending on the stage of colorectal cancer. Therefore, the discovery of phytochemicals regulating the Nrf2/KEAP1 axis and verification of their efficacy have attracted scientific attention. In this review, we summarize the role of oxidative stress and the Nrf2/KEAP1 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer, and the possible utility of phytochemicals with respect to the regulation of the Nrf2/KEAP1 axis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Moon-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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29
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Guo S, Wu X, Zheng J, Smith SA, Dong P, Xiao H. Identification of 4'-Demethyltangeretin as a Major Urinary Metabolite of Tangeretin in Mice and Its Anti-inflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4381-4391. [PMID: 33787243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study showed that oral administration of tangeretin (TAN) in mice resulted in the production of 4'-demethyltangeretin (4DT) as a major urinary metabolite. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of TAN and 4DT was determined in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 4DT produced considerably stronger inhibition on the overproduction of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide than TAN did at the same concentrations. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that 4DT exerted more potent suppressive activity on the over-expression of interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 than TAN. Treatments with TAN and 4DT diminished LPS-stimulated nuclear factor κB (NFκB) translocation via suppressing the degradation of inhibitor κB (IκBα). Furthermore, both compounds attenuated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt signaling upregulated by LPS. Overall, our findings showed that TAN and 4DT inhibited the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in macrophages by suppressing Akt/MAPKs/NFκB proinflammatory pathways, while 4DT showed more potent activity than TAN, its parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford 45056, Ohio, United States
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, Massachusetts, United States
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sarah A Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford 45056, Ohio, United States
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, Massachusetts, United States
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, Massachusetts, United States
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30
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Ma N, Du H, Ma G, Yang W, Han Y, Hu Q, Xiao H. Characterization of the Immunomodulatory Mechanism of a Pleurotus eryngii Protein by Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation Proteomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13189-13199. [PMID: 32227945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PEP 1b is a novel immunoregulatory protein isolated from Pleurotus eryngii, a popular edible mushroom. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterize the PEP-1b-induced proteome alterations in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells, to comprehensively excavate the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunoregulatory effects of PEP 1b. In comparison to the control group, PEP 1b treatment significantly changed the expression of 292 proteins, including 191 upregulated and 101 downregulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PEP-1b-regulated proteins were involved in 437 biological process domains, 131 cellular component domains, and 90 molecular function domains. Moreover, PEP 1b played the role of immunomodulator by mainly modulating the Rap1 signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Interestingly, PEP 1b regulated the proteins involved in the immune system, signal transduction, and transport processes, which were related to the immunoregulatory effects of PEP 1b. The western blotting analysis confirmed that the immune-boosting activities of PEP 1b were associated with modulating the expression of Sqstm1, Cox2, Rap1b, and Pyk2. The current research provided a comprehensive understanding of the immunoregulatory effects and molecular mechanisms involved in the PEP 1b supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengjun Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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31
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Wang M, Zhao H, Wen X, Ho CT, Li S. Citrus flavonoids and the intestinal barrier: Interactions and effects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:225-251. [PMID: 33443802 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier plays a central role in sustaining gut homeostasis and, when dysfunctional, may contribute to diseases. Dietary flavonoids derived from Citrus genus represent one of the main naturally occurring phytochemicals with multiple potential benefits for the intestinal barrier function. In the intestine, citrus flavonoids (CFs) undergo ingestion from the lumen, biotransformation in the epithelial cells and/or crosstalk with luminal microbiota to afford various metabolites that may in turn exert protective actions on gut barrier along with their parental compounds. Specifically, the health-promoting properties of CFs and their metabolic bioactives for the intestinal barrier include their capacity to (a) modulate barrier permeability; (b) protect mucus layer; (c) regulate intestinal immune system; (d) fight against oxidative stress; and (e) positively shape microbiome and metabolome. Notably, local effects of CFs can also generate systemic benefits, for instance, improvement of gut microbial dysbiosis helpful to orchestrate gut homeostasis and leading to alleviation of systemic dysmetabolism. Given the important role of the intestinal barrier in overall health, further understanding of underlying action mechanisms and ultimate health effects of CFs as well as their metabolites on the intestine is of great significance to future application of citrus plants and their bioactives as dietary supplements and/or functional ingredients in medical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory for EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China.,Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Ren W, Tian G, Zhao S, Yang Y, Gao W, Zhao C, Zhang H, Lian Y, Wang F, Du H, Xiao H, Zheng J. Effects of spray-drying temperature on the physicochemical properties and polymethoxyflavone loading efficiency of citrus oil microcapsules. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wu X, Li Z, Sun Y, Li F, Gao Z, Zheng J, Xiao H. Identification of Xanthomicrol as a Major Metabolite of 5-Demethyltangeretin in Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract and Its Inhibitory Effects on Colon Cancer Cells. Front Nutr 2020; 7:103. [PMID: 32850933 PMCID: PMC7405597 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Demethyltangeretin (5DT) is a unique polymethoxyflavone mainly found in the peel of citrus, and has shown potent suppressive effects on multiple human cancer cells. Biotransformation plays a critical role in the biological activities of dietary bioactive components because their metabolites may exert significant bioactivities. In the present study, the metabolic fate of 5DT in mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract after long-term oral intake and the anti-cancer effects of its major metabolite were determined. It was found that 5DT underwent extensive biotransformation after oral ingestion in mice. A major demethylated metabolite was produced via phase I metabolism, while conjugates (glucuronide and sulfate) were generated via phase II metabolism. Specifically, 4'-position on the B ring of 5DT was the major site for demethylation reaction, which led to the production of xanthomicrol (XAN) as a major metabolite. More importantly, the level of XAN in the colon was significantly higher than that of 5DT in 5DT-fed mice. Thus, we further determined the suppressive effects of XAN on human colon cancer HCT116 cells. We found that XAN effectively inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells by arresting cell cycle and inducing cellular apoptosis, which was further evidenced by upregulated p53 and p21 and downregulated cyclin D and CDK4/6 level. In conclusion, this study identified XAN as a major metabolite of 5DT in mouse GI tract, and demonstrated its suppressive effects on HCT116 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.,Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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Nobiletin Ameliorates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation Through Promoting Autophagy via the AMPK Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5056-5068. [PMID: 32833187 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence have shown that neuroinflammation and autophagy are highly involved in the process of depression. Nobiletin (NOB) displays neuroprotective effects and anti-depressant-like effects. Given the evidence that NOB exerts anti-inflammatory effects and regulates autophagy, we investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory properties and the effect of regulating the autophagy of NOB and subsequently uncover the potential anti-depressant mechanisms of NOB. The behavioral changes of rats were observed after prolonged lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and NOB administration. Rat hippocampus and BV2 cells treated by LPS and NOB were evaluated. The methods of real-time PCR analysis, Western blot, immunostaining, and adenovirus transfection were employed to determine neuroinflammation, autophagic markers, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) activation. Our study showed LPS enhanced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome activation but inhibited autophagy in both rat hippocampus and BV2 cells. NOB significantly improved the behavioral deficits and ameliorated the neuroinflammation induced by LPS in rats. Furthermore, NOB promoted autophagy and attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by LPS, involving in the process the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Neuroprotective and anti-depressant actions of NOB relied on its effects of promoting autophagy and suppressing the activation of NLRP3, in which process of AMPK pathway may be involved.
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35
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Wang H, Wang L, Xie Z, Zhou S, Li Y, Zhou Y, Sun M. Nitric Oxide (NO) and NO Synthases (NOS)-Based Targeted Therapy for Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1881. [PMID: 32668616 PMCID: PMC7408898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide and CRC therapy remains unsatisfactory. In recent decades, nitric oxide (NO)-a free-radical gas-plus its endogenous producer NO synthases (NOS), have attracted considerable attention. NO exerts dual effects (pro- and anti-tumor) in cancers. Endogenous levels of NO promote colon neoplasms, whereas exogenously sustained doses lead to cytotoxic functions. Importantly, NO has been implicated as an essential mediator in many signaling pathways in CRC, such as the Wnt/β-catenin and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, which are closely associated with cancer initiation, metastasis, inflammation, and chemo-/radio-resistance. Therefore, NO/NOS have been proposed as promising targets in the regulation of CRC carcinogenesis. Clinically relevant NO-donating agents have been developed for CRC therapy to deliver a high level of NO to tumor sites. Notably, inducible NOS (iNOS) is ubiquitously over-expressed in inflammatory-associated colon cancer. The development of iNOS inhibitors contributes to targeted therapies for CRC with clinical benefits. In this review, we summarize the multifaceted mechanisms of NO-mediated networks in several hallmarks of CRC. We review the clinical manifestation and limitations of NO donors and NOS inhibitors in clinical trials. We also discuss the possible directions of NO/NOS therapies in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China;
| | - Liye Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA; (L.W.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zuoxu Xie
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA; (L.W.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA; (L.W.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA; (L.W.); (Z.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA;
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China;
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36
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Yang J, Yang Y, Wang L, Jin Q, Pan M. Nobiletin selectively inhibits oral cancer cell growth by promoting apoptosis and DNA damage in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:419-427. [PMID: 32868254 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether nobiletin (NOB) can inhibit the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by promoting apoptosis, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species [ROS]), and DNA damage. STUDY DESIGN OSCCs were treated with different concentrations of NOB (25, 50, and 100 µM) for different amounts of time (0, 24, 48, and 72 hours). The viability of NOB was assessed by using MTT-based cell viability assays. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis, and the expressions of capase-3 and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. The intensity of ROS fluorescence was measured by using a spectrophotometer. The expression of γH2AX and 8-Oxo-20-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) were assessed to determine the degree of DNA damage. RESULTS We observed that NOB decreased OSCC cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner but had little effect on primary normal human oral epithelial cells (H0 ECs). Moreover, with the increase in NOB concentration and treatment time, capase-3, PARP messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein levels gradually increased, as did annexin V- and 7 adducin (ADD)-mediated apoptosis. In addition, NOB also increased the levels of ROS and DNA damage in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS NOB can inhibit OSCC cell by promoting apoptosis, ROS production, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hongshan District, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuchen Jin
- Department of Stomatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghui Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
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37
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Song M, Lan Y, Wu X, Han Y, Wang M, Zheng J, Li Z, Li F, Zhou J, Xiao J, Cao Y, Xiao H. The chemopreventive effect of 5-demethylnobiletin, a unique citrus flavonoid, on colitis-driven colorectal carcinogenesis in mice is associated with its colonic metabolites. Food Funct 2020; 11:4940-4952. [PMID: 32459257 PMCID: PMC10726105 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
5-Demethylnobiletin (5DN) is a unique flavonoid mainly found in citrus fruits. In this study, we determined the chemopreventive effects of 5DN and its major colonic metabolites on both a colitis-driven colon carcinogenesis mouse model and a human colon cancer cell model. In azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice, dietary 5DN (0.05% w/w in the diet) significantly decreased the tumor incidence, multiplicity and burden, and showed potent anti-proliferative, proapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in mouse colon tissue. Three major metabolites of 5DN, named 5,3'-didemethylnobiletin (M1), 5,4'-didemethylnobiletin (M2) and 5,3',4'-tridemethylnobiletin (M3), were found in the colonic mucosa of 5DN-treated mice, and the combined level of these metabolites in mouse colonic mucosa was 1.56-fold higher than that of 5DN. Cell culture studies revealed that 5DN and its colonic metabolites profoundly inhibited the growth of human colon cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, triggering apoptosis and modulating key signaling proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Importantly, the colonic metabolites, especially M1, showed much stronger effects than those produced by 5DN itself. Overall, our results demonstrated that dietary 5DN significantly inhibited colitis-driven colon carcinogenesis in mice, and this chemopreventive effect was associated with its metabolites in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Yaqi Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. and Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. and Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Jiazhi Zhou
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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38
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Tian R, Liu X, Luo Y, Jiang S, Liu H, You F, Zheng C, Wu J. Apoptosis Exerts a Vital Role in the Treatment of Colitis-Associated Cancer by Herbal Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:438. [PMID: 32410986 PMCID: PMC7199713 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-developed colorectal cancer, the pathogenesis of which involves the occurrence of apoptosis. Western drugs clinically applied to CAC are often single-targeted and exert many adverse reactions after long-term administration, so it is urgent to develop new drugs for the treatment of CAC. Herbal medicines commonly have multiple components with multiple targets, and most of them are low-toxicity. Some herbal medicines have been reported to ameliorate CAC through inducing apoptosis, but there is still a lack of systematic review. In this work, we reviewed articles published in Sci Finder, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and other databases in recent years by setting the keywords as apoptosis in combination with colitis-associated cancer. We summarized the herbal medicine extracts or their compounds that can prevent CAC by modulating apoptosis and analyzed the mechanism of action. The results show the following. (1) Herbal medicines regulate both the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor apoptosis pathway. (2) Herbal medicines modulate the above two apoptotic pathways by affecting signal transductions of IL-6/STAT3, MAPK/NF-κ B, Oxidative stress, Non-canonical TGF-β1, WNT/β-catenin, and Cell cycle, thereby ameliorating CAC. We conclude that following. (1) Studies on the role of herbal medicine in regulating apoptosis through the Ras/Raf/ERK, WNT/β-catenin, and Cell cycle pathways have not yet been carried out in sufficient depth. (2) The active constituents of reported anti-CAC herbal medicine mainly include polyphenols, terpenoids, and saccharide. Also, we identified other herbal medicines with the constituents mentioned above as their main components, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical use of herbal medicine in the treatment of CAC. (3) New dosage forms can be utilized to elevate the targeting and reduce the toxicity of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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39
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Koolaji N, Shammugasamy B, Schindeler A, Dong Q, Dehghani F, Valtchev P. Citrus Peel Flavonoids as Potential Cancer Prevention Agents. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa025. [PMID: 32391511 PMCID: PMC7199889 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruit and in particular flavonoid compounds from citrus peel have been identified as agents with utility in the treatment of cancer. This review provides a background and overview regarding the compounds found within citrus peel with putative anticancer potential as well as the associated in vitro and in vivo studies. Historical studies have identified a number of cellular processes that can be modulated by citrus peel flavonoids including cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. More recently, molecular studies have started to elucidate the underlying cell signaling pathways that are responsible for the flavonoids' mechanism of action. These growing data support further research into the chemopreventative potential of citrus peel extracts, and purified flavonoids in particular. This critical review highlights new research in the field and synthesizes the pathways modulated by flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds into a generalized schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Koolaji
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Balakrishnan Shammugasamy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Bioengineering & Molecular Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Qihan Dong
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Greg Brown Laboratory, Central Clinical School and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Valtchev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Center for Advanced Food Enginomics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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40
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Wen X, Zhao H, Wang L, Wang L, Du G, Guan W, Liu J, Cao X, Jiang X, Tian J, Wang M, Ho CT, Li S. Nobiletin Attenuates DSS-Induced Intestinal Barrier Damage through the HNF4α-Claudin-7 Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4641-4649. [PMID: 32249565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium barrier functions to protect human bodies from damages such as harmful microorganisms, antigens, and toxins. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect and molecular mechanism of a dominant polymethoxyflavone nobiletin (NOB) from tangerine peels on intestinal epithelial integrity. The results from transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) suggested that NOB pretreatment counteracts epithelial injury induced by inflammatory cytokines (TEER value in 48 h: vehicle, 135.6 ± 3.9 Ω/cm2; TNF-α + IL-1β, 90.7 ± 0.5 Ω/cm2; 10 μM NOB + TNF-α + IL-1β, 126.1 ± 0.8 Ω/cm2; 100 μM NOB + TNF-α + IL-1β, 125.3 ± 0.5 Ω/cm2. P < 0.001). Clinical and pathological test results suggested that administration of NOB effectively alleviates intestinal barrier injury induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) as evidenced by the length of colon villi on day 7 (control, 253.7 ± 4.8 μm, DSS 131.6 ± 4.6 μm, NOB + DSS, 234.5 ± 5.1 μm. P < 0.001). Interestingly, when screening tight junction molecules for intestinal barrier integrity, we observed that independent treatment with NOB sharply increased claudin-7 levels (ratio of claudin-7 over GAPDH: control, 1.0 ± 0.06; DSS, 0.02 ± 0.001; NOB + DSS, 0.3 ± 0.07. P < 0.001), which was previously suppressed upon DSS stimulation. Furthermore, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF-4α) transcriptional regulation of claudin-7 contributed to intestinal barrier homeostasis. Therefore, our study suggests potential intestinal protective strategies based on polymethoxyflavones of aged tangerine peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Gang Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jianfu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Histlolgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jingrui Tian
- Department of Histlolgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, State Experimental and Training Centre of Food and Drug, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 07102, United States
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41
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Karn A, Zhao C, Yang F, Cui J, Gao Z, Wang M, Wang F, Xiao H, Zheng J. In-vivo biotransformation of citrus functional components and their effects on health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:756-776. [PMID: 32255367 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1746234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrus, one of the most popular fruits worldwide, contains various functional components, including flavonoids, dietary fibers (DFs), essential oils (EOs), synephrines, limonoids, and carotenoids. The functional components of citrus attract special attention due to their health-promoting effects. Food components undergo complex biotransformation by host itself and the gut microbiota after oral intake, which alters their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity in the host body. To better understand the health effects of citrus fruits, it is important to understand the in-vivo biotransformation of citrus functional components. We reviewed the biotransformation of citrus functional components (flavonoids, DFs, EOs, synephrines, limonoids, and carotenoids) in the body from their intake to excretion. In addition, we described the importance of biotransformation in terms of health effects. This review would facilitate mechanistic understanding of the health-promoting effect of citrus and its functional components, and also provide guidance for the development of health-promoting foods based on citrus and its functional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Karn
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefen Cui
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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42
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Kanehara K, Ohnuma S, Kanazawa Y, Sato K, Kokubo S, Suzuki H, Karasawa H, Suzuki T, Suzuki C, Naitoh T, Unno M, Abe T. The indole compound MA-35 attenuates tumorigenesis in an inflammation-induced colon cancer model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12739. [PMID: 31484999 PMCID: PMC6726640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease, chronic inflammation results in the development of colon cancer known as colitis-associated cancer. This disease is associated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling. In addition, intestinal fibrosis is a common clinical complication that is promoted by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). In our previous study, MA-35 attenuated renal fibrosis by inhibiting both TNF-α and TGF-β1 signaling. This study aimed to identify the possible antitumor effects and antifibrotic effects of MA-35 using an AOM/DSS mouse model. MA-35 was orally administered every day for 70 days in the AOM/DSS mouse model. There was no difference in weight loss between the AOM/DSS group and the AOMDSS + MA-35 group, but the disease activity index score and the survival rate were improved by MA-35. MA-35 blocked the anemia and shortening of the colon induced by AOM/DSS. MA-35 reduced the macroscopic formation of tumors in the colon. In the microscopic evaluation, MA-35 reduced inflammation and fibrosis in areas with dysplasia. Furthermore, the TNF-α mRNA level in the colon tended to be reduced, and the interleukin 6, TGF-β1 and fibronectin 1 mRNA levels in the colon were significantly reduced by MA-35. These results suggested that MA-35 inhibited AOM/DSS-induced carcinogenesis by reducing inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kanehara
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ohnuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yoshitake Kanazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shoji Kokubo
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hideaki Karasawa
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chitose Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
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Bu H, Liu D, Cui J, Cai K, Shen F. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in induction of apoptosis by oridonin in colon cancer COLO205 cells. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:1782-1794. [PMID: 35116929 PMCID: PMC8797304 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.08.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Oridonin has been demonstrated to have anticancer effect on all kinds of cancer cells and it has shown anti-tumor activity in some tumors partially via the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The study investigated the anticancer effect of oridonin on colon carcinoma cell line COLO205 and explored underlying mechanism. Methods Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the apoptosis. The key target genes and proteins involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. The xenograft tumor model of colon cancer COLO205 cell was introduced to detect anti-tumor effects in vivo. Transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was adopted to test the apoptotic cells in the tumor tissues. Results Oridonin inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer COLO205 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Oridonin induced apoptosis by increasing the cleavage of caspases in vitro. Furthermore, the expression levels of β-catenin and its downstream targets, including c-myc, cyclinD1 and survivin were significantly reduced. Nevertheless the knockdown of β-catenin by specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) could augment the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects by oridonin in COLO205 cells. Meanwhile, oridonin also increased protein expression level of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and decreased the phosphorylation level of GSK3β. In vivo, oridonin treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth of COLO205 cell xenografts, and which was accompanied by the restrain of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Our present study demonstrated that the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in colon cancer COLO205 cells by oridonin could be partially mediated through discontinuing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Bu
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dianlei Liu
- Department of Surgery, Women's Hospital School of Medical Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Junhui Cui
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ke Cai
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
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Han Y, Song M, Gu M, Ren D, Zhu X, Cao X, Li F, Wang W, Cai X, Yuan B, Goulette T, Zhang G, Xiao H. Dietary Intake of Whole Strawberry Inhibited Colonic Inflammation in Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Treated Mice via Restoring Immune Homeostasis and Alleviating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9168-9177. [PMID: 30810035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) is a major edible berry with various potential health benefits. This study determined the protective effects of whole strawberry (WS) against dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in mice. In colitic mice, dietary WS reduced the disease activity index, prevented the colon shortening and spleen enlargement, and alleviated the colonic tissue damages. The abundance of proinflammatory immune cells was reduced by dietary WS in the colonic mucosa, which was accompanied by the suppression of overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that dietary WS decreased the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the colonic mucosa. Moreover, dietary WS partially reversed the alteration of gut microbiota in the colitic mice by increasing the abundance of potential beneficial bacteria, e.g., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and decreasing the abundance of potential harmful bacteria, e.g., Dorea and Bilophila. Dietary WS also restored the decreased production of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum of the colitic mice. The results revealed the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of dietary WS in the colon, which is critical for the rational utilization of strawberry for the prevention of inflammation-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an Shaanxi 710062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoai Zhu
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- College of Food Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Xiaokun Cai
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Biao Yuan
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Timothy Goulette
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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Cheng K, Chen J, Jin L, Zhou J, Jiang X, Yu C. Rhodium(III)-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of flavonoids from salicylaldehydes and sulfoxonium ylides. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819867230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rh(III)-catalyzed C–H activation of salicylaldehyde followed by an insertion reaction with sulfoxonium ylides and cyclization is applied to the synthesis of flavonoids. This one-pot strategy exhibits good functional group tolerance and gives flavones in moderate-to-good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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46
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Efficiency of four different dietary preparation methods in extracting functional compounds from dried tangerine peel. Food Chem 2019; 289:340-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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47
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Sousa DP, Pojo M, Pinto AT, Leite V, Serra AT, Cavaco BM. Nobiletin Alone or in Combination with Cisplatin Decreases the Viability of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:352-363. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1634745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. Sousa
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Professor Lima Basto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Professor Lima Basto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana T. Pinto
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Professor Lima Basto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Professor Lima Basto, Lisboa, Portugal
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Professor Lima Basto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Branca M. Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil E.P.E., Rua Professor Lima Basto, Lisboa, Portugal
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48
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Goh JXH, Tan LTH, Goh JK, Chan KG, Pusparajah P, Lee LH, Goh BH. Nobiletin and Derivatives: Functional Compounds from Citrus Fruit Peel for Colon Cancer Chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E867. [PMID: 31234411 PMCID: PMC6627117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for effective methods of cancer treatment and prevention has been a continuous effort since the disease was discovered. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploring plants and fruits for molecules that may have potential as either adjuvants or as chemopreventive agents against cancer. One of the promising compounds under extensive research is nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxyflavone (PMF) extracted exclusively from citrus peel. Not only does nobiletin itself exhibit anti-cancer properties, but its derivatives are also promising chemopreventive agents; examples of derivatives with anti-cancer activity include 3'-demethylnobiletin (3'-DMN), 4'-demethylnobiletin (4'-DMN), 3',4'-didemethylnobiletin (3',4'-DMN) and 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DMN). In vitro studies have demonstrated differential efficacies and mechanisms of NOB and its derivatives in inhibiting and killing of colon cancer cells. The chemopreventive potential of NOB has also been well demonstrated in several in vivo colon carcinogenesis animal models. NOB and its derivatives target multiple pathways in cancer progression and inhibit several of the hallmark features of colorectal cancer (CRC) pathophysiology, including arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, preventing tumour formation, reducing inflammatory effects and limiting angiogenesis. However, these substances have low oral bioavailability that limits their clinical utility, hence there have been numerous efforts exploring better drug delivery strategies for NOB and these are part of this review. We also reviewed data related to patents involving NOB to illustrate the extensiveness of each research area and its direction of commercialisation. Furthermore, this review also provides suggested directions for future research to advance NOB as the next promising candidate in CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Xuan Hui Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Joo Kheng Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kok Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery (NBDD) Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes (PICO), Health and Well-being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes (PICO), Health and Well-being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century (GA21) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
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Hu Q, Yuan B, Wu X, Du H, Gu M, Han Y, Yang W, Song M, Xiao H. Dietary Intake of
Pleurotus eryngii
Ameliorated Dextran‐Sodium‐Sulfate‐Induced Colitis in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801265. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Biao Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing 210023 China
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Hengjun Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing 210023 China
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
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Guo K, Ren J, Gu G, Wang G, Gong W, Wu X, Ren H, Hong Z, Li J. Hesperidin Protects Against Intestinal Inflammation by Restoring Intestinal Barrier Function and Up-Regulating Treg Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800975. [PMID: 30817082 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Hesperidin is an important natural phenolic compound and is considered beneficial to health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of hesperidin on DSS-induced colitis in mice and Caco-2 cells. METHODS The DSS-induced colitis mice are assigned to 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-g hesperidin diets after DSS treatment. For in vitro experiments, Caco-2 cells are treated with TNF-α/ IFN-γ for 48 h without or with hesperidin. RESULTS Hesperidin supplementation ameliorates DSS-induced colitis. Specifically, hesperidin ameliorates intestinal inflammation through decreasing MDA activity and enhancing SOD and GSH activities. Hesperidin also obviously upregulates Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and increases the protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1. Additionally, hesperidin significantly reduces the levels of inflammatory factors and increases the levels of anti-inflammatory factors in the colon tissues. Further analysis shows that hesperidin can improve the expression of tight junction proteins and intestinal permeability, as well as increases the Treg population. In Caco-2 cells, it is shown that hesperidin prevents TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced reduction in TEER and morphological disruption. Moreover, hesperidin also decreases the epithelial permeability and suppresses proinflammatory responses. CONCLUSION Hesperidin can protect against intestinal inflammation via enhanced Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, increases the Treg population, and restores intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Guosheng Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Huajian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Zhiwu Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
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