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De la Fuente-Muñoz M, De la Fuente-Fernández M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, Iglesias-de la Cruz MC, García-Laínez G, Llopis S, Martorell P, Verdú D, Serna E, García-Villalón ÁL, Guilera SI, Inarejos-García AM, Granado M. Supplementation with a New Standardized Extract of Green and Black Tea Exerts Antiadipogenic Effects and Prevents Insulin Resistance in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108521. [PMID: 37239868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the main cause of the development of type II diabetes. The high prevalence of this syndrome in recent decades has made it necessary to search for preventive and therapeutic agents, ideally of natural origin, with fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. Tea is widely known for its medicinal properties, including beneficial effects on weight management and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a standardized extract of green and black tea (ADM® Complex Tea Extract (CTE)) prevents the development of insulin resistance in mice with MetS. For this purpose, C57BL6/J mice were fed for 20 weeks with a standard diet (Chow), a diet with 56% kcal from fat and sugar (HFHS) or an HFHS diet supplemented with 1.6% CTE. CTE supplementation reduced body weight gain, adiposity and circulating leptin levels. Likewise, CTE also exerted lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cultures and in the C. elegans model. Regarding insulin resistance, CTE supplementation significantly increased plasma adiponectin concentrations and reduced the circulating levels of insulin and the HOMA-IR. Incubation of liver, gastrocnemius muscle and retroperitoneal adipose tissue explants with insulin increased the pAkt/Akt ratio in mice fed with Chow and HFHS + CTE but not in those fed only with HFHS. The greater activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in response to insulin in mice supplemented with CTE was associated with a decrease in the expression of the proinflammatory markers Mcp-1, IL-6, IL-1β or Tnf-α and with an overexpression of the antioxidant enzymes Sod-1, Gpx-3, Ho-1 and Gsr in these tissues. Moreover, in skeletal muscle, mice treated with CTE showed increased mRNA levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), Arnt and Nrf2, suggesting that the CTE's insulin-sensitizing effects could be the result of the activation of this pathway. In conclusion, supplementation with the standardized extract of green and black tea CTE reduces body weight gain, exerts lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects and reduces insulin resistance in mice with MetS through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario De la Fuente-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Román-Carmena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo García-Laínez
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Silvia Llopis
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Patricia Martorell
- Nutrition Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) Health & Wellness, Biopolis S. L. Parc Cientific, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - David Verdú
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel L García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia I Guilera
- R&D Department of Functional Extracts, ADM® Valencia, 46740 Carcaixent, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Zong Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Suo X, Fan G, Yang X. 5-HEPE reduces obesity and insulin resistance by promoting adipose tissue browning through GPR119/AMPK/PGC1α activation. Life Sci 2023; 323:121703. [PMID: 37075946 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Activating thermogenic program in brown adipocytes serves as a potential therapeutic target for increasing energy expenditure during the treatment of metabolic diseases. 5(S)-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (5-HEPE), an omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid metabolite, has been shown to enhance insulin secretion in vitro. However, its role in modulating obesity-related diseases remains largely unclear. MAIN METHODS To investigate this further, mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and then injected intraperitoneally every other day with 5-HEPE for 4 additional weeks. KEY FINDINGS In vivo, our results demonstrated that 5-HEPE alleviated the HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance, leading to a significant decrease in subcutaneous fat and epididymal fat index and an increase in brown fat index. Compared to the HFD group, the 5-HEPE group mice had lower ITT and GTT AUC and lower HOMA-IR. Moreover, 5HEPE effectively increased energy expenditure of mice. 5-HEPE also significantly promoted brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and browning in white adipose tissue (WAT) by up-regulating genes and proteins expression of UCP1, Prdm16, Cidea, and PGC1α. In vitro, we found 5-HEPE significantly promoted 3T3-L1 browning. Mechanistically, 5-HEPE acts by activating the GPR119/AMPK/PGC1α pathway. In conclusion, this study emphasizes a critical role of 5-HEPE in improving body energy metabolism and adipose tissue browning in HFD-fed mice. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that 5-HEPE intervention may be an effective target for preventing obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - XiaoYi Suo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Tognolli K, Silva V, Sousa-Filho CPB, Cardoso CAL, Gorjão R, Otton R. Green tea beneficial effects involve changes in the profile of immune cells in the adipose tissue of obese mice. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:321-336. [PMID: 35994086 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During obesity, the adipose tissue is usually infiltrated by immune cells which are related to hallmarks of obesity such as systemic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Green tea (GT) has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory actions, including the modulation in the proliferation and activity of immune cells, in addition to preventing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. METHODS The aim of the present study was to analyze the population of immune cells present in the subcutaneous and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice kept at thermoneutrality (TN) and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, supplemented or not with GT extract (500 mg/kg/12 weeks). RESULTS The HFD in association with TN has induced chronic inflammation, and IR in parallel with changes in the profile of immune cells in the subcutaneous and epidydimal WAT, increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines release, inflammatory cells infiltration, and fibrotic aspects in WAT. On the other hand, GT prevented body weight gain, in addition to avoiding IR and inflammation, and the consequent tissue fibrosis, maintaining a lower concentration of cytokines and a profile of immune cells similar to the control mice, preventing the harmful modulations induced by both HFD and TN. CONCLUSIONS GT beneficial effects in WAT abrogated the deleterious effects triggered by HFD and TN, maintaining all immune cells and fibrotic markers at the same level as in lean mice. These results place WAT immune cells population as a potential target of GT action, also highlighting the positive effects of GT in obese mice housed at TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaue Tognolli
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | - Victoria Silva
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | - Celso Pereira Batista Sousa-Filho
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil
| | - Rosemari Otton
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Regente Feijó Avenue, 1295, Sao Paulo, SP, 03342-000, Brazil.
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Guardiola-Márquez CE, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Potential of enhancing anti-obesogenic agriceuticals by applying sustainable fertilizers during plant cultivation. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1034521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are two of the world's biggest health problems. They are associated with excessive fat accumulation resulting from an imbalance between energy consumed and energy expended. Conventional therapies for obesity commonly include synthetic drugs and surgical procedures that can lead to serious side effects. Therefore, developing effective, safe, and readily available new treatments to prevent and treat obesity is highly relevant. Many plant extracts have shown anti-obesogenic potential. These plant extracts are composed of different agriceuticals such as fibers, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, lignans, and proteins that can manage obesity by suppressing appetite, inhibiting digestive enzymes, reducing adipogenesis and lipogenesis, promoting lipolysis and thermogenesis, modulating gut microbiota and suppressing obesity-induced inflammation. These anti-obesogenic agriceuticals can be enhanced in plants during their cultivation by applying sustainable fertilization strategies, improving their capacity to fight the obesity pandemic. Biofertilization and nanofertilization are considered efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective strategies to enhance plant growth and development and increase the content of nutrients and bioactive compounds, representing an alternative to overproducing the anti-obesogenic agriceuticals of interest. However, further research is required to study the impact of anti-obesogenic plant species grown using these agricultural practices. This review presents the current scenario of overweight and obesity; recent research work describing different plant species with significant effects against obesity; and several reports exhibiting the potential of the biofertilization and nanofertilization practices to enhance the concentrations of bioactive molecules of anti-obesogenic plant species.
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Du H, Shi L, Wang Q, Yan T, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang C, Zhao Y, Yang X. Fu Brick Tea Polysaccharides Prevent Obesity via Gut Microbiota-Controlled Promotion of Adipocyte Browning and Thermogenesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13893-13903. [PMID: 36264038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The antiobesity efficacy and underlying mechanisms of polysaccharides extracted from Fu brick tea (FBTP) were investigated. An 8-week administration of FBTP dose-dependently inhibited increases in body weight and weights of the epididymal-, retroperitoneal- and inguinal-white adipose tissues and stimulated beige-fat development and brown adipose tissue-derived nonshivering thermogenesis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. FBTP protected against obesity-associated abnormality in serum adiponectin and leptin, indicating its positive regulation of energy metabolism. FBTP reversed gut dysbiosis by enriching beneficial bacteria, for example, Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Roseburia. Results from the fecal microbiota transplantation further confirmed that FBTP-induced microbial shifts contributed to adipose browning and thermogenesis, thereby alleviating host adiposity, glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and its related hepatic steatosis. Our study demonstrates the great potential of FBTP with prebiotic-like activities in preventing diet-induced obesity and its related metabolic complications via gut microbiota-derived enhancement of fat burning and energy expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Du
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
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Sudeep HV, Aman K, Jestin TV, Shyamprasad K. Aframomum melegueta Seed Extract with Standardized Content of 6-Paradol Reduces Visceral Fat and Enhances Energy Expenditure in Overweight Adults - A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3777-3791. [PMID: 36329722 PMCID: PMC9624637 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s367350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aframomum melegueta (grains of paradise) seeds have been demonstrated to possess thermogenic potential. However, it is necessary to validate the functional attributes of A. melegueta seed extract in human subjects. METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial design, we have examined the thermogenic effects of a standardized A. melegueta seed extract (AfperFit). A total of 70 overweight male and female subjects (BMI ≥25.0 to ≤30.0 kg/m2) aged 20-50 years were enrolled and administered with either 250 mg of AfperFit or placebo in capsule form twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoints included energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)) and fat distribution (computed tomography (CT scan)), analyzed at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. The effect of intervention on the quality of life was examined using SF-12 questionnaire. RESULTS Consumption of AfperFit significantly increased the energy expenditure (p<0.01), visceral fat area (p<0.001) and visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (p<0.01) compared to placebo group. Consequently, there was significant body weight loss and reduction in BMI of subjects in AfperFit group compared to placebo (p<0.01). The safety evaluation showed that biochemical and hematological parameters were in the normal range. Supplementation of AfperFit was well tolerated during the study and no adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION Overall, this study validates the health benefits of A. melegueta seed extract as fat burner and recommends its use as a functional ingredient to improve the quality of life and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heggar Venkataramana Sudeep
- Department of Biomedicinal Research (R&D), Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 105, India,Correspondence: Heggar Venkataramana Sudeep, Research Scientist, R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, No. 14/A, KIADB, Jigani Industrial Area, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 105, India, Tel +91 80-42094158, Email ;
| | - Khanna Aman
- Aman Hospital and Research Center, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390021, India
| | - Thomas V Jestin
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Private Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Kodimule Shyamprasad
- Department of Biomedicinal Research (R&D), Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 105, India
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The Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Brown Adipose Tissue Activation in Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169448. [PMID: 36012714 PMCID: PMC9408971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been considered a vital organ in response to non-shivering adaptive thermogenesis, which could be activated during cold exposure through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) or under postprandial conditions contributing to diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). Humans prefer to live within their thermal comfort or neutral zone with minimal energy expenditure created by wearing clothing, making shelters, or using an air conditioner to regulate their ambient temperature; thereby, DIT would become an important mechanism to counter-regulate energy intake and lipid accumulation. In addition, there has been a long interest in the intriguing possibility that a defect in DIT predisposes one to obesity and other metabolic diseases. Due to the recent advances in methodology to evaluate the functional activity of BAT and DIT, this updated review will focus on the role and regulatory mechanism of BAT biology in DIT in health and diseases and whether these mechanisms are applicable to humans.
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Shao J, Li C, Bai L, Ni X, Ge S, Zhang J, Zhao H. Recent evidence in support of traditional chinese medicine to restore normal leptin function in simple obesity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09482. [PMID: 35620623 PMCID: PMC9127329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Shao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Litao Bai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shaoqin Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Green tea extract increases adiponectin and PPARα levels to improve hepatic steatosis. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 103:108957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tournissac M, Leclerc M, Valentin-Escalera J, Vandal M, Bosoi CR, Planel E, Calon F. Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer's disease: A focus on thermoregulation. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101462. [PMID: 34534683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disease, associated with central and peripheral metabolic anomalies, such as impaired glucose utilization and insulin resistance. These observations led to a considerable interest not only in lifestyle-related interventions, but also in repurposing insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs to prevent or treat dementia. Body temperature is the oldest known metabolic readout and mechanisms underlying its maintenance fail in the elderly, when the incidence of AD rises. This raises the possibility that an age-associated thermoregulatory deficit contributes to energy failure underlying AD pathogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a central role in thermogenesis and maintenance of body temperature. In recent years, the modulation of BAT activity has been increasingly demonstrated to regulate energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, which could also provide benefits for AD. Here, we review the evidence linking thermoregulation, BAT and insulin-related metabolic defects with AD, and we propose mechanisms through which correcting thermoregulatory impairments could slow the progression and delay the onset of AD.
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11
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Li J, Chen Q, Zhai X, Wang D, Hou Y, Tang M. Green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by activating fat browning. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6548-6558. [PMID: 34925784 PMCID: PMC8645728 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose browning leads to increased energy expenditure and reduced adiposity and has, therefore, become an attractive therapeutic strategy for obesity. In this study, we elucidated the effect of green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) on the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (Ing-WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The main phytochemical components identified in GTAE through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) included (-)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, caffeine, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-gallocatechin gallate, and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate. Daily supplementation with 1% GTAE for 12 weeks markedly reduced bodyweight gain, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and improved insulin resistance. Additionally, histological analysis revealed that dietary supplementation with 1% GTAE reversed HFD-induced adipocyte size and hepatic steatosis. These effects were associated with activation of browning in the Ing-WAT and BAT, which mediate systemic metabolic dysfunction in HFD-fed mice. Taken together, our data support the use of GTAE, a natural product, for the attenuation of obesity through the activation of fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Qiyang Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiuming Zhai
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yujia Hou
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Min Tang
- Research Institute of TeaChongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
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Otton R, Petrovic N, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. On the Validity of Adipogenic Cell Lines as Model Systems for Browning Processes: In Authentic Brown, Brite/Beige, and White Preadipocytes, There is No Cell-Autonomous Thermogenic Recruitment by Green Tea Compounds. Front Nutr 2021; 8:715859. [PMID: 34485365 PMCID: PMC8415881 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.715859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential ability of nutritional compounds to induce or enhance the browning of adipocytes has attracted large interest as a workable means of combatting the obesity epidemic. Green tea compounds are discussed as such inducers of an enhanced thermogenic capacity and activity. However, the cell-autonomous effects of green tea compounds on adipocytes have until now only been demonstrated in adipogenic cell lines (3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A), i.e., cells of undefined tissue lineage. In this study, we examine the ability of green tea compounds to cell-autonomously induce thermogenic recruitment in authentic brown and brite/beige adipocytes in vitro. In primary brown adipocytes, the green tea compounds suppressed basal UCP1 gene expression, and there was no positive interaction between the compounds and adrenergic stimulation. In white adipocytes, green tea compounds decreased both basal and norepinephrine-induced UCP1 mRNA levels, and this was associated with the suppression of cell differentiation, indicated by reduced lipogenic gene expression and lipid accumulation. A lack of interaction between rosiglitazone and green tea compounds suggests that the green tea compounds do not directly interact with the PPARγ pathway. We conclude that there is a negative effect of the green tea compounds on basal UCP1 gene expression, in both brown and white primary adipocytes, in contrast to the positive effects earlier reported from studies in adipogenic cell lines. We posit that the epigenetic status of the adipogenic cell lines is fundamentally different from that of genuine brown and white adipocytes, reflected, e.g., in several-thousand-fold differences in UCP1 gene expression levels. Thus, results obtained with adipogenic cell lines cannot unreservedly be extrapolated as being relevant for authentic effects in brown and white adipocytes. We suggest that this conclusion can be of general concern for studies attempting to establish physiologically relevant cell-autonomous effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemari Otton
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fan Q, Xu F, Liang B, Zou X. The Anti-Obesity Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:696603. [PMID: 34234682 PMCID: PMC8255923 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.696603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of living conditions and the popularity of unhealthy eating and living habits, obesity is becoming a global epidemic. Obesity is now recognized as a disease that not only increases the risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer but also negatively affects longevity and the quality of life. The traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are highly enriched in bioactive compounds and have been used for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases over a long period of time. In this review, we selected the most commonly used anti-obesity or anti-hyperlipidemia TCMs and, where known, their major bioactive compounds. We then summarized their multi-target molecular mechanisms, specifically focusing on lipid metabolism, including the modulation of lipid absorption, reduction of lipid synthesis, and increase of lipid decomposition and lipid transportation, as well as the regulation of appetite. This review produces a current and comprehensive understanding of integrative and systematic mechanisms for the use of TCMs for anti-obesity. We also advocate taking advantage of TCMs as another therapy for interventions on obesity-related diseases, as well as stressing the fact that more is needed to be done, scientifically, to determine the active compounds and modes of action of the TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Fan
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Furong Xu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoju Zou
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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14
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Arruda HS, Neri-Numa IA, Kido LA, Maróstica Júnior MR, Pastore GM. Recent advances and possibilities for the use of plant phenolic compounds to manage ageing-related diseases. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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15
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Kundimi S, Kavungala KC, Sinha S, Tayi VNR, Kundurthi NR, Golakoti T, Davis B, Sengupta K. Combined extracts of Moringa oleifera, Murraya koeingii leaves, and Curcuma longa rhizome increases energy expenditure and controls obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:198. [PMID: 32859217 PMCID: PMC7455912 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LI85008F is a proprietary combination of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera, Murraya koeingii, and extract of Curcuma longa rhizome. This herbal extract combination is an effective weight loss supplement for overweight and obese subjects. The present study aimed to investigate the thermogenic potential of the LI85008F in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese Sprague Dawley rats. Methods Seven rats received a regular diet (RD), and twenty-one rats received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 56 days. On day 28, the HFD-fed rats were randomized into three groups (n = 7). Starting from day 29 through day 56, one HFD-fed group received daily oral gavage of 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium (CMC) alone (HFD), and the remaining two groups received 100 and 250 mg/kg LI85008F (LI85008F-100 and LI85008F-250, respectively). Body weight, fat mass, fat cell size, liver weight, liver triglyceride were measured. The energy metabolism parameters were measured using indirect calorimetry. In serum, the metabolic and endocrine markers were analyzed. The adipogenic and thermoregulatory proteins expression in the white adipose tissue (WAT) were analyzed using an immunoblot assay. Results Supplementation with both doses of LI85008F significantly increased resting energy expenditure (REE) in the obese rats. The LI85008F-250 rats showed significant up-regulation of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) expression, as compared with the HFD rats. LI85008F significantly reduced body weight gain, fat mass, fat cell size, liver weight, and hepatic triglycerides. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, glucose, leptin, and fat cell markers were significantly reduced in LI85008F-supplemented rats compared to the HFD rats. Conclusion The present data suggest that LI85008F reduces body fat mass and controls body weight gain via increasing energy metabolism in combination with reduced lipogenesis in diet-fed obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Kundimi
- Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, JRD Tata Industrial Estate, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Kavungala
- Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, JRD Tata Industrial Estate, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India
| | - Swaraj Sinha
- Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, JRD Tata Industrial Estate, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India
| | - Venkata Narasimha Rao Tayi
- Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, JRD Tata Industrial Estate, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India
| | - Nagendra Rao Kundurthi
- Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, JRD Tata Industrial Estate, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India
| | - Trimurtulu Golakoti
- Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, JRD Tata Industrial Estate, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India
| | | | - Krishanu Sengupta
- Laila Nutraceuticals R&D Center, JRD Tata Industrial Estate, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, 520007, India.
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16
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Arias G, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2393. [PMID: 32785059 PMCID: PMC7469047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up of a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet with an important presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity as free radical scavengers. More recently it has been described that polyphenols activate other cell-signaling pathways that are not related to ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in this field by focusing on the metabolic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom where they are used for growing and defensing. They are structurally characterized by two benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyrone ring and based on the oxidation and saturation status of the heterocyclic ring flavonoids are grouped in seven different subclasses. The present work is focused on describing the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic impact of flavonoids in obesity and obesity-related diseases. We described the effects of each group of flavonoids in liver, white and brown adipose tissue and central nervous system and the metabolic and signaling pathways involved on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Giselle Arias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Li C, Zhang H, Li X. The Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3371-3381. [PMID: 33061498 PMCID: PMC7524185 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s274534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the lipid deposition caused by the imbalance between energy intake and consumption caused by a variety of factors. Obesity can lead to multiple systemic complications. At present, the treatment of obesity is mainly lifestyle intervention, drug weight loss, and weight loss surgery, but the curative effect is limited or the side effects are serious. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a unique role in the treatment of obesity. Existing studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine can treat obesity in a variety of ways, such as regulating intestinal microflora, enhancing hormone level, regulating fat metabolism, and so on. In this review, we will introduce and summarize the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaohua Li Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai200137, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86 021-58670561 Email
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