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Devasia S, Joseph JT, P S S, Koizumi S, Clarke L, V T S, Kailas AP, Madhavan S. Management and Amelioration of Knee Joint Osteoarthritis in Adults Using a Novel High-Functional Bovine Collagen Peptide as a Nutritional Therapy: A Double-Blind, Prospective, Multicentric, Randomized, Active and Placebo Controlled, Five-Arm, Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability. Cartilage 2024:19476035231221211. [PMID: 38235711 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231221211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The various functionalities of collagen peptides have generated a large interest in utilizing the bioactive peptides as a nutritional therapy to ameliorate various physiological degenerative conditions. Collagen peptides are observed to reduce the pain and aligned difficulties with respect to osteoarthritis. Here we report the enhanced ameliorating property of novel high-functional "Wellnex" Type J collagen peptides following a double-blind randomized active and placebo-controlled 5-arm clinical trial (n = 100) by using it as a nutritional supplement in subjects with knee joint osteoarthritis in comparison with conventional bovine collagen peptides. The efficacy, safety, and tolerability were also studied. DESIGN Dosages of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 g of high-functional Type J bovine collagen peptides, 10.0 g of conventional collagen peptides, and 10.0 g of placebo were given to the 5 groups for a period of 90 days. The Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score, Pain Scale, Quality of Life (QoL), Physician's Impression of change Score (PICS), serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) levels and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) parameters were monitored. RESULTS Type J 2.5 g showed significant improvement in WOMAC, QoL, CTX, and MOAKS and observed to be equivalent to conventional collagen peptide 10-g supplementation in terms of efficacy. CONCLUSION The two significant outcomes of the study were that Type J 10.0 g, Type J 5.0 g, Type J 2.5 g and conventional collagen peptides 10.0 g supplementation were observed to be beneficial nutraceutical therapies for knee joint osteoarthritis, and Type J 2.5 g supplementation was equivalent to conventional collagen peptides 10.0-g supplementation in terms of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sriraam V T
- Aurous Health Care Research and Development India Private Limited, Chennai, India
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Turżańska K, Tomczyk-Warunek A, Dobrzyński M, Jarzębski M, Patryn R, Niezbecka-Zając J, Wojciechowska M, Mela A, Zarębska-Mróz A. Strontium Ranelate and Strontium Chloride Supplementation Influence on Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Turnover Markers-A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:91. [PMID: 38201922 PMCID: PMC10781151 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite strontium ranelate use in osteoporosis management being one of the promising concepts in disease treatment, there is no clear evidence that strontium organic compounds are more effective than inorganic ones. The aim of this study was to compare strontium chlorate and strontium ranelate influence on the mice bone microarchitecture. We investigated whether strontium chlorate (7.532 mmol/L) and strontium ranelate (7.78 mmol/L) solutions fed to healthy SWISS growing mice (n = 42) had an influence on the percent of bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), and separation between each trabecula (Tb.Sp) in the chosen ROI (region of interest) in the distal metaphysis of the left femurs. The cortical bone surface was examined close to the ROI proximal scan. There was an increase in each examined parameter compared with the control group. There were no statistical differences between strontium ranelate and strontium chlorate parameters. Our study indicates that organic and inorganic strontium compounds similarly affect the bone microarchitecture and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Turżańska
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rafał Patryn
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Niezbecka-Zając
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
| | - Monika Wojciechowska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aneta Mela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Zarębska-Mróz
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (K.T.); (J.N.-Z.); (A.Z.-M.)
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Adel Abdelbari M, El-Gazar AA, Ahmed Abdelbary A, Hassen Elshafeey A, Mosallam S. Brij® integrated bilosomes for improving the transdermal delivery of niflumic acid for effective treatment of osteoarthritis: In vitro characterization, ex vivo permeability assessment, and in vivo study. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123024. [PMID: 37156309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bilosomes are innovative vesicular carriers containing bile salt with a non-ionic surfactant. Being highly flexible, bilosomes can squeeze themselves through the skin carrying the drug to the action site and improving its skin penetration. The objective of this research was to encapsulate niflumic acid (NA), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug into Brij® integrated bilosomes (BIBs) for effective treatment of osteoarthritis through transdermal delivery. BIBs were formulated using 100 mg of Span 20 with different amounts of sodium cholate (NaC), sodium taurocholate (NaTC), or sodium glycocholate (NaGC) as bile salt, with the addition of 5 mg of Brij-93 or Brij-35. BIBs were prepared utilizing ethanol injection method with the application of (31×22) complete factorial design using Design-Expert® software. The optimal BIBs formulation determined was (B5) which contains 5 mg of NaTC used as bile salt and 5 mg of Brij-93. B5 exhibited entrapment efficiency% = 95.21 ± 0.00%, particle size = 373.05 ± 0.07 nm, polydispersity index = 0.27 ± 0.01, and zeta potential = -32.00 ± 0.00 mV. It also had a high elasticity with a spherical shape. B5 gel displayed a sustained release profile with a significantly 2.3 folds' higher drug permeation percent across rat skin than that permeated from NA gel. Moreover, in vivo anti-osteoarthritic and histopathological studies assured the efficacy and safety of B5 gel and its superiority over NA gel. Generally, the outcomes confirmed the great efficacy of NA loaded BIBs for the topical treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Adel Abdelbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira A El-Gazar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aly Ahmed Abdelbary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassen Elshafeey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Mosallam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
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Dwivedi G, Flaman L, Alaybeyoglu B, Struglics A, Frank EH, Chubinskya S, Trippel SB, Rosen V, Cirit M, Grodzinsky AJ. Inflammatory cytokines and mechanical injury induce post-traumatic osteoarthritis-like changes in a human cartilage-bone-synovium microphysiological system. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:198. [PMID: 35982461 PMCID: PMC9386988 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic knee injuries in humans trigger an immediate increase in synovial fluid levels of inflammatory cytokines that accompany impact damage to joint tissues. We developed a human in vitro cartilage-bone-synovium (CBS) coculture model to study the role of mechanical injury and inflammation in the initiation of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA)-like disease. Methods Osteochondral plugs (cartilage-bone, CB) along with joint capsule synovium explants (S) were harvested from 25 cadaveric distal femurs from 16 human donors (Collin’s grade 0–2, 23–83years). Two-week monocultures (cartilage (C), bone (B), synovium (S)) and cocultures (CB, CBS) were established. A PTOA-like disease group was initiated via coculture of synovium explants with mechanically impacted osteochondral plugs (CBS+INJ, peak stress 5MPa) with non-impacted CB as controls. Disease-like progression was assessed through analyses of changes in cell viability, inflammatory cytokines released to media (10-plex ELISA), tissue matrix degradation, and metabolomics profile. Results Immediate increases in concentrations of a panel of inflammatory cytokines occurred in CBS+INJ and CBS cocultures and cultures with S alone (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α among others). CBS+INJ and CBS also showed increased chondrocyte death compared to uninjured CB. The release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and associated ARGS-aggrecan neoepitope fragments to the medium was significantly increased in CBS and CBS+INJ groups. Distinct metabolomics profiles were observed for C, B, and S monocultures, and metabolites related to inflammatory response in CBS versus CB (e.g., kynurenine, 1-methylnicotinamide, and hypoxanthine) were identified. Conclusion CBS and CBS+INJ models showed distinct cellular, inflammatory, and matrix-related alterations relevant to PTOA-like initiation/progression. The use of human knee tissues from donors that had no prior history of OA disease suggests the relevance of this model in highlighting the role of injury and inflammation in earliest stages of PTOA progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02881-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Flaman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Begum Alaybeyoglu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Javelin Biotech, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - André Struglics
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eliot H Frank
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan Chubinskya
- Departments of Pediatrics, Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (Section of Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen B Trippel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NE47-377, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Bau-Gaudreault L, Arndt T, Provencher A, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Clinical Pathology Resources: Emphasis on Mice, Rats, Rabbits, Dogs, Minipigs, and Non-Human Primates. ILAR J 2021; 62:203-222. [PMID: 34877602 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pathology testing for investigative or biomedical research and for preclinical toxicity and safety assessment in laboratory animals is a distinct specialty requiring an understanding of species specific and other influential variables on results and interpretation. This review of clinical pathology principles and testing recommendations in laboratory animal species aims to provide a useful resource for researchers, veterinary specialists, toxicologists, and clinical or anatomic pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Bau-Gaudreault
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tara Arndt
- Labcorp Drug Development, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Anne Provencher
- Clinical Laboratories, Charles River Laboratories - ULC, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Groen SS, Sinkeviciute D, Bay-Jensen AC, Thudium CS, Karsdal MA, Thomsen SF, Lindemann S, Werkmann D, Blair J, Staunstrup LM, Önnerfjord P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Nielsen SH. A serological type II collagen neoepitope biomarker reflects cartilage breakdown in patients with osteoarthritis. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2021; 3:100207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2021.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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7
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Su Y, Shen L, Xue J, Zou J, Wan D, Shi Z. Therapeutic evaluation of galangin on cartilage protection and analgesic activity in a rat model of osteoarthritis. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Armiento AR, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Articular fibrocartilage - Why does hyaline cartilage fail to repair? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:289-305. [PMID: 30605736 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Once damaged, articular cartilage has a limited potential to repair. Clinically, a repair tissue is formed, yet, it is often mechanically inferior fibrocartilage. The use of monolayer expanded versus naïve cells may explain one of the biggest discrepancies in mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) based cartilage regeneration. Namely, studies utilizing monolayer expanded MSCs, as indicated by numerous in vitro studies, report as a main limitation the induction of type X collagen and hypertrophy, a phenotype associated with endochondral bone formation. However, marrow stimulation and transfer studies report a mechanically inferior collagen I/II fibrocartilage as the main outcome. Therefore, this review will highlight the collagen species produced during the different therapeutic approaches. New developments in scaffold design and delivery of therapeutic molecules will be described. Potential future directions towards clinical translation will be discussed. New delivery mechanisms are being developed and they offer new hope in targeted therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland.
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Löfvall H, Katri A, Dąbrowska A, Karsdal MA, Luo Y, He Y, Manon-Jensen T, Dziegiel MH, Bay-Jensen AC, Thudium CS, Henriksen K. GPDPLQ 1237-A Type II Collagen Neo-Epitope Biomarker of Osteoclast- and Inflammation-Derived Cartilage Degradation in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3050. [PMID: 30816326 PMCID: PMC6395810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) has been shown to be a highly relevant biomarker of cartilage degradation in human rheumatic diseases, if measured in synovial fluid or urine. However, serum or plasma CTX-II have not been demonstrated to have any clinical utility to date. Here, we describe the GPDPLQ1237 ELISA which targets the EKGPDPLQ↓ neo-epitope, an elongated version of the CTX-II neo-epitope (EKGPDP↓), speculated to be a blood-precursor of CTX-II generated by the cysteine protease cathepsin K. Human osteoclast cartilage resorption cultures as well as oncostatin M and tumour necrosis factor α-stimulated bovine cartilage explant cultures were used to validate GPDPLQ1237 biologically by treating the cultures with the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 and/or the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor GM6001 to assess the potential contributions of these two protease classes to GPDPLQ1237 release. Cartilage resorption-derived GPDPLQ1237 release was inhibited by E-64 (72.1% inhibition), GM6001 (75.5%), and E-64/GM6001 (91.5%), whereas CTX-II release was inhibited by GM6001 (87.0%) but not by E-64 (5.5%). Cartilage explant GPDPLQ1237 and CTX-II release were both fully inhibited by GM6001 but were not inhibited by E-64. No clinically relevant GPDPLQ1237 reactivity was identified in human serum, plasma, or urine from healthy donors or arthritis patients. In conclusion, the GPDPLQ1237 biomarker is released during osteoclast-derived cysteine protease- and MMP-mediated cartilage degradation in vitro, whereas CTX-II release is mediated by MMPs and not by cysteine proteases, as well as from MMP-mediated cartilage degradation under a pro-inflammatory stimulus. These findings suggest that GPDPLQ1237 may be relevant in diseases with pathological osteoclast activity and cartilage degradation. Further studies are required to validate the neo-epitope in human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Löfvall
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.,Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Katri
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Yi He
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Morten H Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yimam M, Horm T, Wright L, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Jia Q. UP1306: A Composition Containing Standardized Extracts of Acacia catechu and Morus alba for Arthritis Management. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020272. [PMID: 30691120 PMCID: PMC6413154 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive articular cartilage degradation. Although there have been significant advances in OA management, to date, there are no effective treatment options to modify progression of the disease. We believe these unmet needs could be bridged by nutrients from natural products. Collagen induced arthritis in rats was developed and utilized to evaluate anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection activity of orally administered botanical composition, UP1306 (50 mg/kg) and Methotrexate (75 µg/kg) daily for three weeks. Objective arthritis severity markers, urine, synovial lavage, and serum were collected. At necropsy, the hock joint from each rat was collected for histopathology analysis. Urinary cartilage degradation marker (CTX-II), pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6), and proteases (Matrix Metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) and 13) were measured. Rats treated with UP1306 showed statistically significant improvements in arthritis severity markers, including uCTX-II (91.4% vs. collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)), serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels as well as synovial MMP-13. The histopathology data were also well aligned with the severity score of arthritis for both UP1306 and Methotrexate. UP1306, a botanical composition that contains a standardized blend of extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, could potentially be considered as a dietary supplement product for the management of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Teresa Horm
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Laura Wright
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Lidia Brownell
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
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Cartilage and Bone Serum Biomarkers as Novel Tools for Monitoring Knee Osteochondritis Dissecans Treated with Osteochondral Scaffold. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2018:9275102. [PMID: 30671478 PMCID: PMC6323421 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9275102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a focal disease of the joint characterized by modifications of bone and cartilage tissues. Biomimetic osteochondral scaffolds are used to restore these tissues. The aim of this prognostic prospective cohort study was to evaluate serum biomarkers of cartilage (fragments or propeptide of type II collagen: CTXII, C2C, and CPII) and bone (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b and osteocalcin (OC)) turnover during follow-up of patients treated with an osteochondral scaffold, to identify which were related to healing outcome and clinical score. We found that cartilage (CPII) and bone (OC) synthetic biomarkers were significantly increased during the first-year follow-up, while the respective degradative markers (CTXII, C2C, and TRAP5b) were not modulated. Only CTXII/CPII and C2C/CPII cartilage ratios were significantly modulated, evidencing a higher remodeling of cartilage compared to bone tissue. Cartilage and bone single biomarkers or ratios at one-year follow-up showed values close to or similar to those of healthy subjects. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score significantly increased from T0 to T2, while the Tegner score did not. Taking into consideration an IKDC score > 70 as clinical success, we found that all OCD cases with both CPII (> 300 pg/ml) and C2C/CPII (<0.35) presented IKDC scores of clinical success. OCD patients treated with an osteochondral scaffold showed an improvement at one-year follow-up, evidenced by both clinical and serum cartilage biomarkers. These data confirmed that cartilage and bone remodeling took place and showed that systemic biomarkers represent a sensitive tool for monitoring OCD patients during the follow-up.
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12
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Lakes EH, Allen KD. Quadrupedal rodent gait compensations in a low dose monoiodoacetate model of osteoarthritis. Gait Posture 2018; 63:73-79. [PMID: 29723651 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent gait analysis provides robust, quantitative results for preclinical musculoskeletal and neurological models. In prior work, surgical models of osteoarthritis have been found to result in a hind limb shuffle-stepping gait compensation, while a high dose monoiodoacetate (MIA, 3 mg) model resulted in a hind limb antalgic gait. However, it is unknown whether the antalgic gait caused by MIA is associated with severity of degeneration from the high dosage or the whole-joint degeneration associated with glycolysis inhibition. RESEARCH QUESTION This study evaluates rodent gait changes resulting from a low dose, 1 mg unilateral intra-articular injection of MIA compared to saline injected and naïve rats. METHODS Spatiotemporal and dynamic gait parameters were collected from a total of 42 male Lewis rats spread across 3 time points: 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-injection. To provide a detailed analysis of this low dose MIA model, gait analysis was used to uniquely quantify both fore and hind limb gait parameters. RESULTS Our data indicate that 1 mg of MIA caused relatively minor degeneration and a shuffle-step gait compensation, similar to the compensation observed in prior surgical models. SIGNIFICANCE These data from a 1 mg MIA model show a different gait compensation compared to a previously studied 3 mg model. This 1 mg MIA model resulted in gait compensations more similar to a previously studied surgical model of osteoarthritis. Additionally, this study provides detailed 4 limb analysis of rodent gait that includes spatiotemporal and dynamic data from the same gait trial. These data highlight the importance of measuring dynamic data in combination with spatiotemporal data, since compensatory gait patterns may not be captured by spatial, temporal, or dynamic characterizations alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Lakes
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Institute for Cell & Tissue Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Institute for Cell & Tissue Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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13
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Lindström E, Rizoska B, Henderson I, Terelius Y, Jerling M, Edenius C, Grabowska U. Nonclinical and clinical pharmacological characterization of the potent and selective cathepsin K inhibitor MIV-711. J Transl Med 2018; 16:125. [PMID: 29743078 PMCID: PMC5944028 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathepsin K is an attractive therapeutic target for diseases in which bone resorption is excessive such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (OA). The current paper characterized the pharmacological profile of the potent and selective cathepsin K inhibitor, MIV-711, in vitro and in cynomolgus monkeys, and assessed translation to human based on a single dose clinical study in man. METHODS The potency and selectivity of MIV-711 were assessed in vitro using recombinant enzyme assays and differentiated human osteoclasts. MIV-711 was administered to healthy cynomolgus monkeys (3-30 µmol/kg, p.o.). Plasma levels of MIV-711 and the bone resorption biomarker CTX-I were measured after single dose experiments, and urine levels of CTX-I, NTX-I and CTX-II biomarkers were measured after repeat dose experiments. The safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (serum CTX-I) of MIV-711 were assessed in human healthy subjects after single ascending doses from 20 to 600 mg. RESULTS MIV-711 was a potent inhibitor of human cathepsin K (Ki: 0.98 nmol/L) with > 1300-fold selectivity towards other human cathepsins. MIV-711 inhibited human osteoclast-mediated bone resorption with an IC50 value of 43 nmol/L. Single oral doses of MIV-711 to monkeys reduced plasma levels of CTX-I in a dose-dependent fashion by up to 57% at trough. The effect on CTX-I was linearly correlated to the plasma exposure of MIV-711, while the efficacy duration outlasted plasma exposure. Repeat oral dosing with MIV-711 also reduced urinary levels of the bone resorption biomarkers CTX-I (by 93%) and NTX-I (by 71%) and the cartilage degradation biomarker CTX-II (by 71%). MIV-711 was safe and well-tolerated when given as single ascending doses to healthy subjects. MIV-711 reduced serum CTX-I levels in a dose-dependent manner by up to 79% at trough. The relationship between MIV-711 exposure and effects on these biomarkers in humans was virtually identical when compared to the corresponding monkey data. CONCLUSIONS MIV-711 is a potent and selective cathepsin K inhibitor with dose-dependent effects on biomarkers of bone and cartilage degradation in monkey and human. Taken together, MIV-711 shows promise for the treatment of bone and cartilage related disorders in humans, such as OA. Trial Registration EudraCT number 2011-003024-12, registered on June 22nd 2011.
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Shi Q, Rondon-Cavanzo EP, Dalla Picola IP, Tiera MJ, Zhang X, Dai K, Benabdoune HA, Benderdour M, Fernandes JC. In vivo therapeutic efficacy of TNFα silencing by folate-PEG-chitosan-DEAE/siRNA nanoparticles in arthritic mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:387-402. [PMID: 29391796 PMCID: PMC5769564 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to play a role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Silencing TNFα expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach to treatment of the condition. METHODS Towards this end, our team has developed a modified chitosan (CH) nanocarrier, deploying folic acid, diethylethylamine (DEAE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (folate-PEG-CH-DEAE15). The gene carrier protects siRNA against nuclease destruction, its ligands facilitate siRNA uptake via cell surface receptors, and it provides improved solubility at neutral pH with transport of its load into target cells. In the present study, nanoparticles were prepared with siRNA-TNFα, DEAE, and folic acid-CH derivative. Nanoparticle size and zeta potential were verified by dynamic light scattering. Their TNFα-knockdown effects were tested in a murine collagen antibody-induced arthritis model. TNFα expression was examined along with measurements of various cartilage and bone turnover markers by performing histology and microcomputed tomography analysis. RESULTS We demonstrated that folate-PEG-CH-DEAE15/siRNA nanoparticles did not alter cell viability, and significantly decreased inflammation, as demonstrated by improved clinical scores and lower TNFα protein concentrations in target tissues. This siRNA nanocarrier also decreased articular cartilage destruction and bone loss. CONCLUSION The results indicate that folate-PEG-CH-DEAE15 nanoparticles are a safe and effective platform for nonviral gene delivery of siRNA, and their potential clinical applications warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa-Patricia Rondon-Cavanzo
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isadora Pfeifer Dalla Picola
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcio José Tiera
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Orthopedic Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houda Abir Benabdoune
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Benderdour
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julio Cesar Fernandes
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Cascão R, Vidal B, Jalmari Finnilä MA, Lopes IP, Teixeira RL, Saarakkala S, Moita LF, Fonseca JE. Effect of celastrol on bone structure and mechanics in arthritic rats. RMD Open 2017; 3:e000438. [PMID: 28955491 PMCID: PMC5604704 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by chronic inflammation leading to articular bone and cartilage damage. Despite recent progress in RA management, adverse effects, lack of efficacy and economic barriers to treatment access still limit therapeutic success. Therefore, safer and less expensive treatments that control inflammation and bone resorption are needed. We have previously shown that celastrol is a candidate for RA treatment. We have observed that it inhibits both interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in vitro, and that it has anti-inflammatory properties and ability to decrease synovial CD68+ macrophages in vivo. Herein our goal was to evaluate the effect of celastrol in local and systemic bone loss. METHODS Celastrol was administrated intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 µg/g/day to female Wistar adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Rats were sacrificed after 22 days of disease progression, and blood, femurs, tibiae and paw samples were collected for bone remodelling markers quantification, 3-point bending test, micro-CT analysis, nanoindentation and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements, and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS We have observed that celastrol preserved articular structures and decreased the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts present in arthritic joints. Moreover, celastrol reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide and C terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type II collagen serum levels. Importantly, celastrol prevented bone loss and bone microarchitecture degradation. Celastrol also preserved bone nanoproperties and mineral content. Additionally, animals treated with celastrol had less fragile bones, as depicted by an increase in maximum load and yield displacement. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that celastrol reduces both bone resorption and cartilage degradation, and preserves bone structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cascão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Vidal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mikko Arttu Jalmari Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Inês Pascoal Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Lourenço Teixeira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
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Yimam M, Horm T, Wright L, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Jia Q. Cartilage Protection and Analgesic Activity of a Botanical Composition Comprised of Morus alba, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Acacia catechu. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:7059068. [PMID: 28904559 PMCID: PMC5585569 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7059068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been augmented advances in drug discovery, current OA management is inadequate due to the lack of successful therapies proven to be effective in modifying disease progression. For some, the risk outweighs the benefit. As a result, there is a desperate need for safe and efficacious natural alternatives. Here we evaluated a composition from Morus alba, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Acacia catechu in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monoiodoacetate- (MIA-) induced rat OA disease model. Study lasted for 6 weeks. 59.6%, 64.6%, 70.7%, 69.9%, and 70.3% reductions in pain sensitivity were observed for rats treated with the composition from week 1 to week 5, respectively. Statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity (maintained at 57.1% versus MIA + vehicle treated rats) were shown from the modified total Mankin score for animals treated with the composition. The composition showed a statistically significant reduction in uCTX-II level (54.1% reductions). The merit of combining these botanicals was also demonstrated in their synergistic analgesic activity. Therefore, the standardized blend of Morus alba, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Acacia catechu could potentially be considered as an alternative remedy from natural sources for the management of OA and/or its associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Teresa Horm
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Laura Wright
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | | | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Ave., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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Yarmola EG, Shah YY, Kloefkorn HE, Dobson J, Allen KD. Comparing intra-articular CTXII levels assessed via magnetic capture or lavage in a rat knee osteoarthritis model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1189-1194. [PMID: 28137664 PMCID: PMC5466845 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parallel measures of osteoarthritis (OA) across species can help evaluate OA models relative to humans. Toward this need, our group recently developed a magnetic nanoparticle-based technology, termed magnetic capture, to analyze biomarkers within a rat knee. The objectives of this study were to directly compare magnetic capture to lavage, and assess c-telopeptide of collagen type II (CTXII) in the rat medial meniscus transection (MMT) model of knee OA. DESIGN MMT surgery was performed in 30 male Lewis rats (3 months, 250 g). Using lavage or magnetic capture, CTXII was assessed in the OA-affected and contralateral knee at 1 week (n = 6 per group) or 4 weeks (n = 8 per group) after surgery. RESULTS While lavage detected elevated CTXII concentrations in the OA-affected knee at 1 week (P = 0.002), magnetic capture detected elevated CTXII levels in the OA-affected knee at 4 weeks (P = 0.016). While magnetic capture did not detect significant elevation of CTXII at week 1, five of six rats evaluated with magnetic capture had higher CTXII levels in the OA-affected joint relative to the contralateral limb. Moreover, with magnetic capture, CTXII levels increased from 1 week to 4 weeks, corresponding to histological damage. CTXII concentrations evaluated via lavage were relatively constant across time. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic capture and lavage evaluate CTXII in different ways: Magnetic capture measures total CTXII in the joint, while lavage measures concentration. Our data indicate magnetic capture may be advantageous at later time points, where CTXII can be diluted by effusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Yarmola
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Y. Y. Shah
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - H. E. Kloefkorn
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - J. Dobson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - K. D. Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Bertuglia A, Pagliara E, Grego E, Ricci A, Brkljaca-Bottegaro N. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and structural biomarkers are effective to categorize osteoarthritis phenotype and progression in Standardbred racehorses over five years of racing career. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:246. [PMID: 27821120 PMCID: PMC5100096 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0873-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Joint impact injuries initiate a progressive articular damage finally leading to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Racehorses represent an ideal, naturally available, animal model of the disease. Standardbred racehorses developing traumatic osteoarthritis of the fetlock joint during the first year of their career were enrolled in our study. Age-matched controls were contemporarily included. Biomarker levels of equine osteoarthritis were measured in serum and synovial fluid (SF) at baseline, and repeated yearly over the next 4 years of training (from T1 to T4). The effect of time and disease on the biomarker concentrations were analysed, and their relationship with clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed. We hypothesized that the kinetics of pro-inflammatory cytokines and structural biomarkers of joint disease would demonstrate progression of degenerative joint status during post-traumatic osteoarthritis and clarify the effect of early joint trauma. Results The concentrations of IL1-ß, IL-6, TNF-α in the SF of PTOA group peaked at T0, decreased at T1, and then progressively increased with time, reaching levels higher than those observed at baseline starting from T3. CTXII and COMP levels were similar in PTOA and control horses at baseline, and increased in serum and synovial fluid of PTOA horses starting from T2 (serum and synovial CTXII, and serum COMP) or T3 (synovial COMP). The percentual change of TNF-α in the SF of the affected joints independently contributed to explaining the radiological changes at T3 vs T2 and T4 vs T3. Conclusions Temporal changes of selected biomarkers in STBRs with an acute episode of traumatic fetlock OA demonstrated that long-term increased concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, type II collagen fragments and COMP, in the SF and serum, are related to PTOA. Based on the observed decrease in inflammatory merkers at T1, we hypothesize that the progression of PTOA could be effectively modulated by proper treatment strategies. Annual variations of synovial concentration of TNF-α can reliably predict radiographic progression of PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bertuglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Pagliara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Grego
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Nika Brkljaca-Bottegaro
- Clinic for surgery, orthopaedics and ophthalmology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Genovese F, Karsdal MA. Protein degradation fragments as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of connective tissue diseases: understanding the extracellular matrix message and implication for current and future serological biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:213-25. [PMID: 26689914 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1134327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss the potential usefulness of novel biochemical markers of connective tissues: neo-epitopes of extracellular matrix proteins generated by post-translational modifications by tissue proteinases. As each modification results from a specific local physiological or pathobiological process, the identification of specific proteinase-mediated cleavage products of tissue-specific proteins may produce a unique disease-specific biochemical marker. The authors present a novel interpretation of the process of tissue degradation described by neo-epitope fragments of the interstitial and basement membrane matrix in fibrotic disease, and the diagnostic and prognostic potential of such markers. Moreover, the authors highlight the importance of matrix protein fragments not only as markers of tissue remodeling, but also as players in tissue remodeling, due to their signaling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Genovese
- a Fibrosis Biology and Biomarkers, Nordic Bioscience A/S , Herlev , Denmark
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Ruff KJ, Kopp KJ, Von Behrens P, Lux M, Mahn M, Back M. Effectiveness of NEM ® brand eggshell membrane in the treatment of suboptimal joint function in dogs: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2016; 7:113-121. [PMID: 30050844 PMCID: PMC6044796 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sub-optimal joint function is extremely prevalent in dogs. Therefore, a 6-week, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted at eight different veterinary clinics to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of NEM® brand eggshell membrane (EM), a novel dietary supplement shown in other species to help maintain healthy joints and connective tissues. Subjects and methods Fifty-one dogs received oral EM ~13.5 mg/kg (6 mg/lb) or placebo (excipients) once daily for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure of this study was to evaluate the change in mean joint function following 1 week and 6 weeks of supplementation as determined via the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) questionnaire (Q#5-10) in the treatment group versus the placebo group. Secondary outcome measures were for changes in mean CBPI pain and CBPI quality of life, and mean joint pain, mobility and lameness via Veterinary Canine Scoring Assessments (VCSA). A final secondary outcome measure was for a change in serum levels of the cartilage degradation biomarker, c-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-II collagen (CTX-II). Results Supplementation with EM produced a significant treatment response versus placebo at 1 week (20.5% improvement, P=0.028), but fell shy of significance at 6 weeks post-treatment (22.5% improvement) for the primary outcome measure (CBPI Function), despite a sizeable treatment effect. Similarly, there was also a significant treatment response versus placebo at 1 week for CBPI Pain (19.4% improvement, P=0.010), but fell just shy of significance at 6 weeks (22.5% improvement), again despite a sizeable treatment effect. Results were not significant versus placebo at 1 week for CBPI quality of life (14.0% improvement), but produced a significant treatment response by the end of the 6-week study (26.8% improvement, P=0.033). Additionally, EM produced a significant treatment response versus placebo at 6 weeks for VCSA pain (23.6% improvement, P=0.012), but fell shy of significance for VCSA mobility and VCSA lameness (walking & trotting). Serum CTX-II levels in EM-supplemented dogs was significantly improved versus placebo at 6 weeks (47.9% improvement, P=0.018). There were no serious adverse events reported during the study and subject dog owners reported that EM was well tolerated by their pets. Conclusion Supplementation with EM, ~13.5 mg/kg (6 mg/lb) taken once daily, significantly reduced joint pain and improved joint function rapidly (CBPI 1 week) and demonstrated a lasting improvement in joint pain (VCSA 6 weeks) leading to an improved quality of life (CBPI 6 weeks). Moreover, a profound chondroprotective effect was demonstrated following 6 weeks of supplementation with EM (CTX-II).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Lux
- Mackenzie Pointe Animal Hospital, St Louis
| | - Matthew Mahn
- Midwest Veterinary Referral Center, Chesterfield, MO, USA
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Yarmola EG, Shah Y, Arnold DP, Dobson J, Allen KD. Magnetic Capture of a Molecular Biomarker from Synovial Fluid in a Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:1159-69. [PMID: 26136062 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker development for osteoarthritis (OA) often begins in rodent models, but can be limited by an inability to aspirate synovial fluid from a rodent stifle (similar to the human knee). To address this limitation, we have developed a magnetic nanoparticle-based technology to collect biomarkers from a rodent stifle, termed magnetic capture. Using a common OA biomarker--the c-terminus telopeptide of type II collagen (CTXII)--magnetic capture was optimized in vitro using bovine synovial fluid and then tested in a rat model of knee OA. Anti-CTXII antibodies were conjugated to the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide-containing polymeric particles. Using these anti-CTXII particles, magnetic capture was able to estimate the level of CTXII in 25 μL aliquots of bovine synovial fluid; and under controlled conditions, this estimate was unaffected by synovial fluid viscosity. Following in vitro testing, anti-CTXII particles were tested in a rat monoiodoacetate model of knee OA. CTXII could be magnetically captured from a rodent stifle without the need to aspirate fluid and showed tenfold changes in CTXII levels from OA-affected joints relative to contralateral control joints. Combined, these data demonstrate the ability and sensitivity of magnetic capture for post-mortem analysis of OA biomarkers in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Yarmola
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yash Shah
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David P Arnold
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, 216 Larsen Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology (NIMET), University of Florida, 1041 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jon Dobson
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology (NIMET), University of Florida, 1041 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr, Biomedical Sciences Building, JG56, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Institute for Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technology (NIMET), University of Florida, 1041 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Bartels EM, Christensen R, Christensen P, Henriksen M, Bennett A, Gudbergsen H, Boesen M, Bliddal H. Effect of a 16 weeks weight loss program on osteoarthritis biomarkers in obese patients with knee osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1817-25. [PMID: 25106676 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in biomarkers for bone and cartilage in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) may reflect changes in tissue turnover induced by interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the effect on osteoarthritis biomarkers of an intensive weight loss intervention in obese KOA patients. METHODS 192 obese KOA patients followed a 16 weeks weight loss intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00655941). Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (sCOMP), Urine C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type II (uCTX-II) and type I (uCTX-I) were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) at baseline and after 16 weeks. Patient-reported symptoms were assessed by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Questionnaire without the sports and recreation score (KOOS-4). Change from baseline was analyzed using Analysis of CoVariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Bivariate associations were analyzed using Spearman's test of rank correlation. RESULTS 175 patients completed the treatment and lost mean 13.4 (95% CI: 12.5-14.4) kg. sCOMP concentration decreased on average 1.1 (95% CI: -1.5 to -0.8) U/L with a correlation to weight loss (r = -0.17, P = 0.028), but not to change in KOOS-4 (r = -0.13, P = 0.091). uCTX-II increased significantly, mean 69 (95% CI: 31-106) ng/mmol creatinine, with no relation to weight loss (P = 0.14). Change in uCTX-II was reversely related to change in KOOS-4 (r = -0.28, P = 0.0003). uCTX-I increased, mean 67 (95% CI: 47-87) μg/mmol creatinine, and correlated to weight loss (r = 0.22, P = 0.0007), while not to KOOS-4 (P = 0.93). CONCLUSION A rapid substantial weight loss in obese KOA patients was weakly, while significantly associated with a reduction in sCOMP, and increases in both uCTX-II and uCTX-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Bartels
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - R Christensen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - P Christensen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M Henriksen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - A Bennett
- Immunodiagnostic Systems Limited (IDS), UK.
| | - H Gudbergsen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Knowledgecentre for Telemedicine, The Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark; Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Glostrup, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg, Denmark.
| | - M Boesen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - H Bliddal
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; SMI, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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Nara H, Sato K, Naito T, Mototani H, Oki H, Yamamoto Y, Kuno H, Santou T, Kanzaki N, Terauchi J, Uchikawa O, Kori M. Discovery of Novel, Highly Potent, and Selective Quinazoline-2-carboxamide-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 Inhibitors without a Zinc Binding Group Using a Structure-Based Design Approach. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8886-902. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500981k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Sato
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takako Naito
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mototani
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Oki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kuno
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Santou
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kanzaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Terauchi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Uchikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masakuni Kori
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Effect of age-related cartilage turnover on serum C-telopeptide of collagen type II and osteocalcin levels in growing rabbits with and without surgically induced osteoarthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:284784. [PMID: 24729965 PMCID: PMC3963374 DOI: 10.1155/2014/284784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of age-related cartilage turnover on the serum C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) and osteocalcin (OC) levels in growing rabbits with and without surgically induced osteoarthritis. Twenty-four New Zealand male 3-month-old rabbits were randomized into three operated groups (n = 6 per group, with surgically induced osteroarthritis in the right knee; after blood sampling, the knees were harvested following euthanization at 2, 3, and 6 months after surgery) and a control group (n = 6, blood samples were obtained monthly between 3 and 15 months). Histomorphologically, the medial femoral condyles, particularly the central parts, harbored the most severe osteoarthritic changes among the operated rabbits. The serum levels of CTX-II and OC decreased in the controls from 3 to 11 months and then remained stable. No significant differences in the serum CTX-II and OC levels between the osteoarthritic rabbits and controls were observed. The osteoarthritic-to-normal ratios (ONRs, the ratios of serum CTX-II or OC levels in osteoarthritic rabbits to those of the controls at same ages) enabled an overall assessment of osteoarthritis and age-related cartilage turnover. Elevated CTX-II ONRs were observed in rabbits with mild to advanced osteoarthritis. However, the OC ONRs were unhelpful in assessing osteoarthritic growing rabbits.
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Tonge DP, Bardsley RG, Parr T, Maciewicz RA, Jones SW. Evidence of changes to skeletal muscle contractile properties during the initiation of disease in the ageing guinea pig model of osteoarthritis. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2013; 2:15. [PMID: 24472412 PMCID: PMC4177544 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder in the world and represents the leading cause of pain and disability in the elderly population. Advancing age remains the single greatest risk factor for OA. Several studies have characterised disease development in the guinea pig ageing model of OA in terms of its joint histopathology and inflammatory cytokine profile. However, the quadriceps muscle has yet to be studied in relation to age-related disease onset or early disease progression. Therefore, we examined whether the initiation of OA in the Dunkin Hartley guinea pig is associated with changes in the quadriceps skeletal muscle. Male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (N = 24) were group housed with free access to standard guinea pig chow and water. At 2, 3, 5 and 7 months of age, six animals were selected based on their proximity to the median weight of the cohort. OA severity was graded at each time point by the assessment of toluidine blue stained step coronal sections of the total knee joint. Serum CTX II was measured as a potential biomarker of OA severity. Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) isoforms were determined by a validated real-time PCR assay. Oxidative and glycolytic potential was determined in quadriceps homogenates via the measurement of ICDH and LDH activity. Results Initiation of OA in the DH strain guinea pig occurred between 2 and 3 months of age and progressed until 7 months when the final analyses were conducted. Serum CTX II significantly decreased during this early period of OA initiation and levels were unrelated to the histopathological severity of knee OA at any of the time points assessed. MHC mRNA measurements revealed a significant elevation in MHC IIX mRNA (associated with fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres) coincident with the initiation of OA at 3 months of age, with preliminary findings suggestive of a positive correlation to OA severity at this time point. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that disease initiation in the ageing guinea pig model of OA is not associated with overt quadriceps muscle atrophy but instead is coincident with altered expression of mRNAs associated with quadriceps skeletal muscle contractile properties (specifically fast-twitch MHC IIX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Tonge
- Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, England.
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Vos LM, Kuijer R, Huddleston Slater JJR, Bulstra SK, Stegenga B. Inflammation is more distinct in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis compared to the knee joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 72:35-40. [PMID: 24210930 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most of the current understanding of articular cartilage maintenance and degradation is derived from large load-bearing synovial joints, in particular the knee joint. The aim of this study was to identify valuable degradation markers for cartilage degradation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by comparing the relative concentrations of carboxyterminal telopeptides of collagen types I and II (CTX-I and CTX-II), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in synovial fluid (SF) of TMJ and knee joints with cartilage degradation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional comparative study, participants were recruited from the University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands. Patients with TMJ osteoarthritis were compared with patients with knee osteoarthritis. The outcome variables were the relative SF concentrations of CTX-I, CTX-II, COMP, and PGE2. An independent samples Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the relative concentrations. RESULTS Thirty consecutive patients (9 male, 21 female; mean age, 40.1 yr; standard deviation, 15.3 yr) with TMJ osteoarthritis and 31 consecutive patients (20 male, 11 female; mean age, 37.4 yr; standard deviation, 13.7 yr) who were scheduled for arthroscopy of the knee joint participated in this study. Significant differences were found between relative concentrations of COMP (P = .000) and PGE2 (P = .005), and no significant differences were found between relative concentrations of CTX-I (P = .720) and CTX-II (P = .242). CONCLUSIONS Relative SF concentrations of COMP and PGE2 showed significant differences between the TMJ and the knee joint, suggesting that there are differences in pathophysiology and that the inflammatory component may be more distinct in the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Vos
- Research Assistant, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel Kuijer
- Senior Researcher, Department of Biomaterials, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James J R Huddleston Slater
- Senior Researcher, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd K Bulstra
- Professor, Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Stegenga
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Alteration of cartilage degeneration and inflammation markers in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis occurs proportionally. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:1659-64. [PMID: 23932112 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a growing interest in markers for cartilage degradation in synovial joints because of their potential diagnostic and prognostic value. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify valuable degradation markers for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) by comparing the relative concentrations of carboxyterminal telopeptides type I and II (CTX-I and II), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the synovial fluid (SF) of TMJs with OA with those of healthy symptom-free TMJs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional case-control study, participants were recruited from the University Medical Center Groningen (Groningen, the Netherlands). Cases were defined as patients with TMJ OA, and control patients had symptom-free TMJs. The outcome variables were the relative concentrations of CTX-I, CTX-II, COMP, and PGE2 in osteoarthritic TMJ SF compared with symptom-free joints. An independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the relative concentrations. RESULTS Thirty cases (9 male, 21 female; mean age, 40.1 yr; standard deviation, 15.3 yr) and 10 controls (5 male, 5 female; mean age, 30.3 yr; standard deviation, 10.8 yr) were studied. No significant differences in relative concentrations of CTX-I (P = .548), CTX-II (P = .842), COMP (P = .140), and PGE2 (P = .450) were found between the groups. Unexpected low relative concentrations of CTX-I and high relative concentrations of CTX-II were observed. CONCLUSIONS Assumed changes in the SF concentration of CTX-I, CTX-II, COMP, and PGE2 in TMJ OA seem to occur proportionally. Furthermore, the unexpected large contribution of CTX-II suggests that this marker may be useful to quantify cartilage degradation in TMJ OA.
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Di Cesare Mannelli L, Micheli L, Zanardelli M, Ghelardini C. Low dose native type II collagen prevents pain in a rat osteoarthritis model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:228. [PMID: 23915264 PMCID: PMC3751133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is the most widespread joint-affecting disease. Patients with osteoarthritis experience pain and impaired mobility resulting in marked reduction of quality of life. A progressive cartilage loss is responsible of an evolving disease difficult to treat. The characteristic of chronicity determines the need of new active disease modifying drugs. Aim of the present research is to evaluate the role of low doses of native type II collagen in the rat model of osteoarthritis induced by sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA). Methods 1, 3 and 10 mg kg-1 porcine native type II collagen were daily per os administered for 13 days starting from the day of MIA intra-articular injection. Results On day 14, collagen-treated rats showed a significant prevention of pain threshold alterations induced by MIA. Evaluation were performed on paws using mechanical noxious (Paw pressure test) or non-noxious (Electronic Von Frey test) stimuli, and a decrease of articular pain was directly measured on the damaged joint (PAM test). The efficacy of collagen in reducing pain was as higher as the dose was lowered. Moreover, a reduced postural unbalance, measured as hind limb weight bearing alterations (Incapacitance test), and a general improvement of motor activity (Animex test) were observed. Finally, the decrease of plasma and urine levels of CTX-II (Cross Linked C-Telopeptide of Type II Collagen), a biomarker of cartilage degradation, suggests a collagen-dependent decrease of structural joint damage. Conclusions These results describe the preclinical efficacy of low dosages of native type II collagen as pain reliever by a mechanism that involves a protective effect on cartilage.
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Yang S, Hollister AM, Orchard EA, Chaudhery SI, Ostanin DV, Lokitz SJ, Mathis JM. Quantification of bone changes in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model by reconstructed three dimensional micro-CT. Biol Proced Online 2013; 15:8. [PMID: 23855709 PMCID: PMC3723793 DOI: 10.1186/1480-9222-15-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory arthritis is a chronic disease, resulting in synovitis and subchondral and bone area destruction, which can severely affect a patient’s quality of life. The most common form of inflammatory arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in which many of the disease mechanisms are not well understood. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model is similar to RA as it exhibits joint space narrowing and bone erosion as well as involves inflammatory factors and cellular players that have been implicated in RA pathogenesis. Quantitative data for disease progression in RA models is difficult to obtain as serum blood markers may not always reflect disease state and physical disease indexes are subjective. Thus, it is important to develop tools to objectively assess disease progression in CIA. Results Micro-CT (Computed Tomography) is a relatively mature technology that has been used to track a variety of anatomical changes in small animals. In this study, micro-CT scans of several joints of control and CIA mice were acquired at 0, 4, 7, and 9 weeks after the immunization with collagen type II. Each micro-CT scan was analyzed by applying a segmentation algorithm to individual slices in each image set to provide 3-dimensional representations of specific bones including the humerus, femur, and tibia. From these representations, the volume and mean density of these bones were measured and compared. This analysis showed that both the volume and the density of each measured bone of the CIA mice were significantly smaller than those of the controls at week 7. Conclusions This study demonstrates that micro-CT can be used to quantify bone changes in the CIA mouse model as an alternative to disease index assessments. In conclusion, micro-CT could be useful as a non-invasive method to monitor the efficacy of new treatments for RA tested in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Anne M Hollister
- Department of Orthopedics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Elysse A Orchard
- Department of Animal Resources, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Shubnum I Chaudhery
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Dmitry V Ostanin
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Stephen J Lokitz
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA ; PET Imaging Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of Northwest Louisiana, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - J Michael Mathis
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Karsdal MA, Nielsen MJ, Sand JM, Henriksen K, Genovese F, Bay-Jensen AC, Smith V, Adamkewicz JI, Christiansen C, Leeming DJ. Extracellular matrix remodeling: the common denominator in connective tissue diseases. Possibilities for evaluation and current understanding of the matrix as more than a passive architecture, but a key player in tissue failure. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2012; 11:70-92. [PMID: 23046407 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2012.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased attention is paid to the structural components of tissues. These components are mostly collagens and various proteoglycans. Emerging evidence suggests that altered components and noncoded modifications of the matrix may be both initiators and drivers of disease, exemplified by excessive tissue remodeling leading to tissue stiffness, as well as by changes in the signaling potential of both intact matrix and fragments thereof. Although tissue structure until recently was viewed as a simple architecture anchoring cells and proteins, this complex grid may contain essential information enabling the maintenance of the structure and normal functioning of tissue. The aims of this review are to (1) discuss the structural components of the matrix and the relevance of their mutations to the pathology of diseases such as fibrosis and cancer, (2) introduce the possibility that post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as protease cleavage, citrullination, cross-linking, nitrosylation, glycosylation, and isomerization, generated during pathology, may be unique, disease-specific biochemical markers, (3) list and review the range of simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that have been developed for assessing the extracellular matrix (ECM) and detecting abnormal ECM remodeling, and (4) discuss whether some PTMs are the cause or consequence of disease. New evidence clearly suggests that the ECM at some point in the pathogenesis becomes a driver of disease. These pathological modified ECM proteins may allow insights into complicated pathologies in which the end stage is excessive tissue remodeling, and provide unique and more pathology-specific biochemical markers.
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Leeming DJ, Bay-Jensen AC, Vassiliadis E, Larsen MR, Henriksen K, Karsdal MA. Post-translational modifications of the extracellular matrix are key events in cancer progression: opportunities for biochemical marker development. Biomarkers 2011; 16:193-205. [PMID: 21506694 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.557440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss the potential usefulness of a novel class of biochemical markers, designated neoepitopes. Neoepitopes are post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins and are derived by processes, such as protease cleavage, citrullination, nitrosylation, glycosylation and isomerization. Each PTM results from a specific local physiological or pathobiological process. Identification of each modification to a tissue-specific protein may reveal a unique disease-specific biochemical marker. During cancer metastasis, the host tissue is extensively degraded and replaced by cancer-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Furthermore, severe cellular stress and inflammation, caused by cancer, results in generation of PTMs, which will be distributed throughout the ECM. This gives rise to release of protein-specific fragments to the circulation. Here we highlight the importance of remodeling of the ECM in cancer and the generation of PTMs, which may be cancer specific and reflect disease progression; thus having potential for biochemical marker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev, Denmark
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Karsdal MA, Woodworth T, Henriksen K, Maksymowych WP, Genant H, Vergnaud P, Christiansen C, Schubert T, Qvist P, Schett G, Platt A, Bay-Jensen AC. Biochemical markers of ongoing joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis--current and future applications, limitations and opportunities. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:215. [PMID: 21539724 PMCID: PMC3132026 DOI: 10.1186/ar3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease associated with potentially debilitating joint inflammation, as well as altered skeletal bone metabolism and co-morbid conditions. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment to control disease activity offers the highest likelihood of preserving function and preventing disability. Joint inflammation is characterized by synovitis, osteitis, and/or peri-articular osteopenia, often accompanied by development of subchondral bone erosions, as well as progressive joint space narrowing. Biochemical markers of joint cartilage and bone degradation may enable timely detection and assessment of ongoing joint damage, and their use in facilitating treatment strategies is under investigation. Early detection of joint damage may be assisted by the characterization of biochemical markers that identify patients whose joint damage is progressing rapidly and who are thus most in need of aggressive treatment, and that, alone or in combination, identify those individuals who are likely to respond best to a potential treatment, both in terms of limiting joint damage and relieving symptoms. The aims of this review are to describe currently available biochemical markers of joint metabolism in relation to the pathobiology of joint damage and systemic bone loss in RA; to assess the limitations of, and need for additional, novel biochemical markers in RA and other rheumatic diseases, and the strategies used for assay development; and to examine the feasibility of advancement of personalized health care using biochemical markers to select therapeutic agents to which a patient is most likely to respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Southern University of Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55DK-5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - Thasia Woodworth
- Leading Edge Clinical Research LLC, 3901 SE St Lucie Blvd unit 20, Stuart, Florida 34997, USA
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Walter P Maksymowych
- University of Alberta, 562 Heritage Medical Research Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Per Qvist
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Georg Schett
- University of Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adam Platt
- Roche Products Limited, 6 Falcon Way, Shire Park, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 1TW, UK
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Significance of the serum CTX-II level in an osteoarthritis animal model: a 5-month longitudinal study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1467-76. [PMID: 21056352 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value of serum measurement of C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II). In correlation with late stages of osteoarthritis (OA) evaluated with histological assessment, the evolution of serum CTX-II concentration was followed during a 20-week longitudinal study in rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) OA model in adult and growing animals. METHODS OA was induced in five adult and nine growing rabbits. Four adult and four young rabbits were unoperated. Serum sampling was made at week 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 after the surgery in all rabbits. Animals were euthanized 20 weeks after the surgery. Serum CTX-II levels were analyzed with a recently available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, the protocol of which has been modified to increase the sensitivity of the test. RESULTS Significant differences for the CTX-II levels at W3, W6, W8, W10, W12, W14, W16 and W20 were observed between the adult ACLT and the control groups. A negative correlation between CTX-II levels and cartilage thickness of the medial compartment of the knee at W8, W10, W12 and a positive correlation between the CTX-II levels and the histomorphological score of the medial compartment of the knee at W3, W6, W8, W10, W12 were noted in adult animals. In young animals, operated or not, we observed high CTX-II levels at the beginning of the study, which decreased until the end. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the interest of the serum CTX-II monitoring for the OA progression and the relevance of the multiple time point analysis of this biomarker. Moreover, they address the question of the importance of correctly choosing the age of the animals used in the pre-clinical studies of OA.
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Seeuws S, Jacques P, Van Praet J, Drennan M, Coudenys J, Decruy T, Deschepper E, Lepescheux L, Pujuguet P, Oste L, Vandeghinste N, Brys R, Verbruggen G, Elewaut D. A multiparameter approach to monitor disease activity in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R160. [PMID: 20731827 PMCID: PMC2945063 DOI: 10.1186/ar3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disease severity in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is commonly assessed by clinical scoring of paw swelling and histological examination of joints. Although this is an accurate approach, it is also labour-intensive and the application of less invasive and less time-consuming methods is of great interest. However, it is still unclear which of these methods represents the most discriminating measure of disease activity. Methods We undertook a comparative analysis in which different measurements of inflammation and tissue damage in CIA were studied on an individual mouse level. We compared the current gold standard methods - clinical scoring and histological examination - with alternative methods based on scoring of X-ray or micro-computed tomography (CT) images and investigated the significance of systemically expressed proteins, involved in CIA pathogenesis, that have potential as biomarkers. Results Linear regression analysis revealed a marked association of serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 levels with all features of CIA including inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone erosions. This association was improved by combined detection of MMP-3 and anti-collagen IgG2a antibody concentrations. In addition, combined analysis of both X-ray and micro-CT images was found to be predictive for cartilage and bone damage. Most remarkably, validation analysis using an independent data set proved that variations in disease severity, induced by different therapies, could be accurately represented by predicted values based on the proposed parameters. Conclusions Our analyses revealed that clinical scoring, combined with serum MMP-3, anti-collagen IgG2a measurement and scoring of X-ray and micro-CT images, yields a comprehensive insight into the different aspects of disease activity in CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Seeuws
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
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Cleary OB, Trumble TN, Merritt KA, Brown MP. Effect of exercise and osteochondral injury on synovial fluid and serum concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptide fragments of type II collagen in racehorses. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:33-40. [PMID: 20043778 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of exercise and osteochondral injury on concentrations of carboxy-terminal telopeptide fragments of type II collagen (CTX-II) in synovial fluid (SF) and serum of Thoroughbred racehorses and to compare findings with radiographic and arthroscopic scores of joint injury severity. ANIMALS 78 Thoroughbreds with (n = 38) and without (40) osteochondral injury. PROCEDURES Serum and metacarpophalangeal or carpal joint SF samples were collected from noninjured horses before and at the end of 5 to 6 months of race training (pre- and postexercise samples, respectively) and from horses with osteochondral injury (1 joint assessed/horse). Synovial fluid and serum CTX-II concentrations were determined by use of an ELISA. Radiographic and arthroscopic scores of joint injury severity were determined for the injured horses. RESULTS The CTX-II concentrations in SF and SF:serum CTX-II ratio were significantly higher for horses with joint injuries, compared with pre- and postexercise findings in noninjured horses. Serum CTX-II concentrations in postexercise and injured-horse samples were significantly lower than values in pre-exercise samples. On the basis of serum and SF CTX-II concentrations and SF:serum CTX-II ratio, 64% to 93% of serum and SF samples were correctly classified into their appropriate group (pre-exercise, postexercise, or injured-joint samples). In horses with joint injuries, arthroscopic scores were positively correlated with radiographic scores, but neither score correlated with SF or serum CTX-II concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that serum and SF CTX-II concentrations and SF:serum CTX-II ratio may be used to detect cartilage degradation in horses with joint injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlaith B Cleary
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Wang B, Chen P, Jensen ACB, Karsdal MA, Madsen SH, Sondergaard BC, Zheng Q, Qvist P. Suppression of MMP activity in bovine cartilage explants cultures has little if any effect on the release of aggrecanase-derived aggrecan fragments. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:259. [PMID: 20021645 PMCID: PMC2803187 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive loss of articular cartilage is a central hallmark in many joint disease, however, the relative importance of individual proteolytic pathways leading to cartilage erosion is at present unknown. We therefore investigated the time-dependant release ex vivo of MMP- and aggrecanase-derived fragments of aggrecan and type II collagen into the supernatant of bovine cartilage explants cultures using neo-epitope specific immunoassays, and to associate the release of these fragments with the activity of proteolytic enzymes using inhibitors. FINDINGS Bovine cartilage explants were cultured in the presence or absence of the catabolic cytokines oncostatin M (OSM) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). In parallel, explants were co-cultured with protease inhibitors such as GM6001, TIMP1, TIMP2 and TIMP3. Fragments released into the supernatant were determined using a range of neo-epitope specific immunoassays; (1) sandwich (342)FFGVG-G2 ELISA, (2) competition NITEGE(373)ELISA (3) sandwich G1-NITEGE(373 )ELISA (4) competition (374)ARGSV ELISA, and (5) sandwich (374)ARGSV-G2 ELISA all detecting aggrecan fragments, and (6) sandwich CTX-II ELISA, detecting C-telopeptides of type II collagen. We found that (1) aggrecanase-derived aggrecan fragments are released in the early (day 2-7) and mid phase (day 9-14) into the supernatant from bovine explants cultures stimulated with catabolic cytokines, (2) the release of NITEGE(373 )neo-epitopes are delayed compared to the corresponding (374)ARGSV fragments, (3) the MMP inhibitor GM6001 did not reduce the release of aggrecanase-derived fragment, but induced a further delay in the release of these fragments, and finally (4) the MMP-derived aggrecan and type II collagen fragments were released in the late phase (day 16-21) only. CONCLUSION Our data support the model, that aggrecanases and MMPs act independently in the processing of the aggrecan molecules, and furthermore that suppression of MMP-activity had little if any effect on the quantity of aggrecanase-derived fragments released from explants cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijue Wang
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, PR China
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SYVERSEN SILJEW, LANDEWE ROBERT, van der HEIJDE DÉSIRÉE, BATHON JOANM, BOERS MAARTEN, BYKERK VIVIANP, FITZGERALD OLIVER, GLADMAN DAFNAD, GARNERO PATRICK, GEUSENS PIET, EL-GABALAWY HANI, INMAN ROBERTD, KRAUS VIRGINIA, KVIEN TOREK, MEASE PHILIPJ, ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL, RITCHLIN CHRISTOPHERJ, TAK PAULPETER, TAYLOR WILLIAMJ, MAKSYMOWYCH WALTERP. Testing of the OMERACT 8 Draft Validation Criteria for a Soluble Biomarker Reflecting Structural Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Literature Search on 5 Candidate Biomarkers. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1769-84. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.090262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To test the OMERACT 8 draft validation criteria for soluble biomarkers by assessing the strength of literature evidence in support of 5 candidate biomarkers.Methods.A systematic literature search was conducted on the 5 soluble biomarkers RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), matrix metalloprotease (MMP-3), urine C-telopeptide of types I and II collagen (U-CTX-I and U CTX-II), focusing on the 14 OMERACT 8 criteria. Two electronic voting exercises were conducted to address: (1) strength of evidence for each biomarker as reflecting structural damage according to each individual criterion and the importance of each individual criterion; (2) overall strength of evidence in support of each of the 5 candidate biomarkers as reflecting structural damage endpoints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and identification of omissions to the criteria set.Results.The search identified 111 articles. The strength of evidence in support of these biomarkers reflecting structural damage was low for all biomarkers and was rated highest for U-CTX-II [score of 6.5 (numerical rating scale 0–10)]. The lowest scores for retention of specific criteria in the draft set went to criteria that refer to the importance of animal studies, correlations with other biomarkers reflecting damage, and an understanding of the metabolism of the biomarker.Conclusion.Evidence in support of any of the 5 tested biomarkers (MMP-3, CTX-I, CTX-II, OPG, RANKL) was inadequate to allow their substitution for radiographic endpoints in RA. Three of the criteria in the draft criteria set might not be required, but few omissions were identified.
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Ausmanas MK, Holinka CF, Ling YS, Christiansen C. Effect of three doses of conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate on biomarkers of bone turnover and cartilage degradation in postmenopausal women: The Pan-Asia Menopause (PAM) study. Climacteric 2009; 10:306-13. [PMID: 17653957 DOI: 10.1080/13697130701463594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of three doses of continuously combined conjugated estrogens (CE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on bone turnover and cartilage degradation markers in early postmenopausal Asian women (mean age 53.6 years). METHODS A total of 1028 women were randomly allocated to receive treatment with either 0.625/2.5, 0.45/1.5, or 0.3/1.5 mg CE/MPA for 6 months. End-points were the percent change from baseline in markers of bone resorption (alpha alpha CTX, beta beta CTX), bone formation (osteocalcin), and cartilage degradation (CTX-II). RESULTS The 0.45/1.5 mg and the 0.625/2.5 mg doses elicited comparable responses as measured by the biomarkers. Women with high rates of bone or cartilage turnover at baseline responded with larger changes to the effects of CE/MPA. CONCLUSIONS Lowering the commonly used dose of 0.625 mg CE + 2.5 mg MPA to 0.45 mg CE + 1.5 mg MPA does not significantly alter the inhibitory effect on bone and cartilage turnover in Asian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ausmanas
- Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
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Karsdal M, Henriksen K, Leeming D, Mitchell P, Duffin K, Barascuk N, Klickstein L, Aggarwal P, Nemirovskiy O, Byrjalsen I, Qvist P, Bay-Jensen A, Dam E, Madsen S, Christiansen C. Biochemical markers and the FDA Critical Path: How biomarkers may contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology and provide unique and necessary tools for drug development. Biomarkers 2009; 14:181-202. [DOI: 10.1080/13547500902777608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Karsdal MA, Byrjalsen I, Leeming DJ, Christiansen C. Tibolone inhibits bone resorption without secondary positive effects on cartilage degradation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008; 9:153. [PMID: 19019210 PMCID: PMC2603018 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is associated with increased bone resorption and increased cartilage degradation in the subchondral bone and joint. The objective of the present study was to determine whether Tibolone, a synthetic steroid with estrogenic, androgenic, and progestogenic properties, would have similar dual actions on both bone and cartilage turnover, as reported previously with some SERMS and HRT. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of ninety-one healthy postmenopausal women aged 52–75 yrs entered a 2-yr double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of treatment with either 1.25 mg/day (n = 36), or 2.5 mg/day Tibolone (n = 35), or placebo (n = 20), (J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Jul;81(7):2419–22) Second void morning urine samples were collected at baseline, and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Urine CrossLaps® ELISA (CTX-I) and Urine CartiLaps® ELISA (CTX-II) was investigated as markers of bone resorption and cartilage degradation, respectively. Results Tibolone significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed bone resorption by approximately 60%. In contrast, no effect was observed on cartilage degradation. Conclusion These data suggest uncoupling of the bone and cartilage effects of the synthetic steroid, Tibolone. Bone resorption was significantly decreased, whereas cartilage degradation was unchanged. These effects are in contrast to those observed some SERMs with effects on both bone and cartilage degradation. These effects may in part be described by the complicated pharmacology of Tibolone on testosterone, estrogen and progesterone receptors.
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Nielsen RH, Stoop R, Leeming DJ, Stolina M, Qvist P, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA. Evaluation of cartilage damage by measuring collagen degradation products in joint extracts in a traumatic model of osteoarthritis. Biomarkers 2008; 13:79-87. [PMID: 17852072 DOI: 10.1080/13547500701615108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate whether collagen degradation products in protein extract from joints could provide quantitative information on cartilage damage. Osteoarthritis (OA) was surgically induced in rat knee joints. Joints were isolated 7, 14 and 28 days after surgery for protein extraction and histology. C-terminal telopeptide of type III collagen (CTX-II), CTX-I and hydroxyproline were measured in protein extracts. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 activity was evaluated by gelatinase zymography and joint pathology was visualized by histology and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that levels of CTX-II were significantly increased in anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-operated compared with sham-operated knee joints on days 7 and 28, whereas the levels of hydroxyproline and CTX-I epitopes showed no difference. MMP activity was slightly increased in ACLT-operated joints. The CTX-II epitope was highly expressed and co-localized to damaged articular cartilage in ACLT-operated joints. We have therefore demonstrated an increased type II collagen degradation in knees after surgical induction of OA, and propose assessment of collagen degradation epitopes as a quantitative measure of cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus H Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Zhen EY, Brittain IJ, Laska DA, Mitchell PG, Sumer EU, Karsdal MA, Duffin KL. Characterization of metalloprotease cleavage products of human articular cartilage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:2420-31. [PMID: 18668564 DOI: 10.1002/art.23654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, characterize, and compare proteolysis peptide products generated by metalloprotease digests of human articular cartilage. METHODS Human articular cartilage was digested by the addition of exogenous metalloproteases, including matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3, 8, 9, 12, and 13 and aggrecanases ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. Proteolyzed peptide products were identified by proteomics methods using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Complete sequences of the peptides proteolyzed from human articular cartilage, including N- and C-termini and hydroxylated posttranslational modifications, were determined. A wide variety of peptides, originating from types I, II, and III collagen, biglycan, prolargin, fibromodulin, fibronectin, decorin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, cartilage intermediate-layer protein, megakaryocyte-stimulating factor, mimecan, aggrecan, and lumican, was analyzed following metalloprotease digestion. Release of peptides varied as a function of time, enzyme specificity, and abundance. Specific type II collagen peptide biomarkers, including those containing the three-quarter-length fragment cleavage site and those containing the domains for helical peptide of type II collagen and C-telopeptide of type II collagen, were observed after release by selected proteases. CONCLUSION The use of intact cartilage instead of purified protein substrates in the assay allowed for the identification of novel potential substrates and cleavage sites for individual enzymes under more physiologically relevant conditions. Characterization of these cartilage matrix peptides may help in the development of pharmacodynamic biomarkers of cartilage degradation, and also may contribute to an understanding of the bioactive peptides important in chondrocyte signaling.
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Karsdal MA, Madsen SH, Christiansen C, Henriksen K, Fosang AJ, Sondergaard BC. Cartilage degradation is fully reversible in the presence of aggrecanase but not matrix metalloproteinase activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R63. [PMID: 18513402 PMCID: PMC2483454 DOI: 10.1186/ar2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physiological and pathophysiological cartilage turnover may coexist in articular cartilage. The distinct enzymatic processes leading to irreversible cartilage damage, compared with those needed for continuous self-repair and regeneration, remain to be identified. We investigated the capacity of repair of chondrocytes by analyzing their ability to initiate an anabolic response subsequent to three different levels of catabolic stimulation. Methods Cartilage degradation was induced by oncostatin M and tumour necrosis factor in articular cartilage explants for 7, 11, or 17 days. The catabolic period was followed by 2 weeks of anabolic stimulation (insulin growth factor-I). Cartilage formation was assessed by collagen type II formation (PIINP). Cartilage degradation was measured by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mediated type II collagen degradation (CTX-II), and MMP and aggrecanase mediated aggrecan degradation by detecting the 342FFGVG and 374ARGSV neoepitopes. Proteoglycan turnover, content, and localization were assessed by Alcian blue. Results Catabolic stimulation resulted in increased levels of cartilage degradation, with maximal levels of 374ARGSV (20-fold induction), CTX-II (150-fold induction), and 342FFGVG (30-fold induction) (P < 0.01). Highly distinct protease activities were found with aggrecanase-mediated aggrecan degradation at early stages, whereas MMP-mediated aggrecan and collagen degradation occurred during later stages. Anabolic treatment increased proteoglycan content at all time points (maximally, 250%; P < 0.001). By histology, we found a complete replenishment of glycosaminoglycan at early time points and pericellular localization at an intermediate time point. In contrast, only significantly increased collagen type II formation (200%; P < 0.01) was observed at early time points. Conclusion Cartilage degradation was completely reversible in the presence of high levels of aggrecanase-mediated aggrecan degradation. After induction of MMP-mediated aggrecan and collagen type II degradation, the chondrocytes had impaired repair capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
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Oestergaard S, Rasmussen KE, Doyle N, Varela A, Chouinard L, Smith SY, Qvist P, Karsdal MA. Evaluation of Cartilage and Bone Degradation in a Murine Collagen Antibody-induced Arthritis Model. Scand J Immunol 2008; 67:304-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.02060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Henrotin Y, Addison S, Kraus V, Deberg M. Type II collagen markers in osteoarthritis: what do they indicate? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2007; 19:444-50. [PMID: 17762609 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32829fb3b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We provide a critical review of recent in-vitro, animal and human clinical studies on type II collagen biomarkers. In describing the human studies, we have applied the BIPED (burden of disease, investigative, prognostic, efficacy of intervention, and diagnostic) classification scheme recently proposed by the Osteoarthritis Biomarkers Network (a consortium of five US National Institutes of Health designated sites). Based on this analysis, we propose an update to the classification of the type II collagen biomarkers. RECENT FINDINGS Various type II collagen epitopes have been described as potential biomarkers for osteoarthritis. Some have demonstrated ability in the following areas: classification of individuals as either diseased or nondiseased; assessment of severity or extent of osteoarthritis; prediction of future onset of osteoarthritis among those without osteoarthritis at baseline or the progression of osteoarthritis among those with existing disease; and monitoring treatment efficacy. SUMMARY Type II collagen biomarkers provide useful information for clinical and research applications. Furthermore, they are promising tools for the monitoring the influence of drug treatment on cartilage metabolism in joint diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Henrotin
- Bone and cartilage Research Unit, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, Level 5, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
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Abstract
In arthritic diseases, the stability of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage is compromised by extensive proteolytic breakdown associated with alterations of synthesis of the proteins of the tissue leading to cartilage loss. This article reviews developments in assays of biochemical markers of cartilage matrix turnover and studies investigating their use. Because type II collagen and aggrecan are the most abundant proteins of the cartilage matrix, current biochemical markers are based mainly on immunologic reagents detecting their synthesis and degradation. Clinical studies indicate that some markers of type II collagen may be useful to predict disease progression in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Conversely, major achievements have been made in the development of immunoassays detecting the various fragments of aggrecan released by matrix metalloproteases or aggrecanases, but their use has been limited mostly to investigating cartilage turnover in ex vivo experiments. Because of the complexity of the mechanisms involved in arthritic joint damage, only a combination of different biochemical markers reflecting the various aspects of synthesis and degradation of matrix molecules will likely provide efficient cartilage turnover monitoring.
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Olsen AK, Sondergaard BC, Byrjalsen I, Tanko LB, Christiansen C, Müller A, Hein GE, Karsdal MA, Qvist P. Anabolic and catabolic function of chondrocyte ex vivo is reflected by the metabolic processing of type II collagen. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15:335-42. [PMID: 17045814 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/27/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate collagen metabolism after anabolic and catabolic stimulation of chondrocytes ex vivo. DESIGN Metabolic activities in ex vivo bovine cartilage explants were stimulated with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) or a combination of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and oncostatin M (OSM). Supernatants were assessed for changes in biochemical markers, N-terminal propeptide of type II (PIINP) collagen and fragments of C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were added to metabolic inactivated cartilage and evaluated by the two biochemical markers for formation or degradation, respectively. Finally, urinary CTX-II and PIINP were evaluated for assessment of type II collagen turnover in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RESULTS In the bovine articular cartilage explants, IGF-I induced an increase in PIINP level up to 4.8+/-1.1[ng/ml]/mg cartilage whereas CTX-II remained below 0.1+/-0.1[ng/ml]/mg cartilage. In the catabolic stimulated explants both PIINP and CTX-II were released to the supernatant, reaching concentrations of 9.0+/-1.4 and 9.1+/-2.2[ng/ml]/mg cartilage, respectively. RA patients had significantly lower serum concentrations of PIINP (3.4+/-3.7 ng/ml) compared with those healthy individuals (18.7+/-12.41 ng/ml, P<0.001). In contrast, RA patients had significantly higher urinary CTX-II (0.8+/-0.8 mg/mmol) compared to the healthy controls (0.1+/-0.08 mg/mmol, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that precursors and degradation products of type II collagen released into the supernatant can effectively reflect the anabolic and catabolic activities of stimulated cartilage explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Olsen
- Nordic Bioscience Diagnostics A/S, Herlev, Denmark.
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Oestergaard S, Sondergaard BC, Hoegh-Andersen P, Henriksen K, Qvist P, Christiansen C, Tankó LB, Karsdal MA. Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen therapy on type II collagen degradation and structural integrity of articular cartilage in rats: implications of the time of initiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2441-51. [PMID: 16871544 DOI: 10.1002/art.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how the time of initiation influences the effects of estrogen therapy on type II collagen (CII) turnover and the structural integrity of articular cartilage in ovariectomized rats and to determine whether estrogen exerts direct effects on the catabolic function of chondrocytes ex vivo. METHODS A total of 46 Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into 1 of the following treatment groups: 1) ovariectomy, 2) ovariectomy plus early estrogen therapy, 3) ovariectomy plus delayed estrogen therapy, or 4) sham operation. Cartilage turnover was estimated by measuring the serum levels of C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II). Cartilage lesions at week 9 were quantified using a published scoring technique. The presence of the CTX-II epitope in articular cartilage was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The effects of estrogen (1-100 nM) on chondrocytes were investigated in bovine cartilage explants subjected to catabolic cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha] and oncostatin M [OSM]). RESULTS In ovariectomized rats, estrogen therapy evoked significant decreases in serum CTX-II independently of the time of initiation; yet, delayed initiation resulted in diminished efficacy in terms of preventing cartilage lesions. CTX-II fragments were present in articular cartilage, colocalizing with early lesions at the cartilage surface. In untreated animals, the early relative increases in serum CTX-II were proportional to the severity of cartilage lesions at week 9 (r = 0.73, P < 0.01). Estrogen significantly and dose-dependently countered CTX-II release from TNFalpha plus OSM-stimulated cartilage explants ex vivo. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that estrogen counters the acceleration of CII degradation and related structural alterations, and these benefits can be maximized by early initiation after menopause. The protective effect of estrogen seems to involve direct inhibition of the catabolic function of chondrocytes.
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Oestergaard S, Chouinard L, Doyle N, Smith SY, Tankó LB, Qvist P. Early elevation in circulating levels of C-telopeptides of type II collagen predicts structural damage in articular cartilage in the rodent model of collagen-induced arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:2886-90. [PMID: 16947421 DOI: 10.1002/art.22083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in the circulating levels of the C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) with relation to disease onset and structural damage of cartilage in a rodent model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and to investigate immunolocalization of the CTX-II epitope in the articular cartilage of affected joints. METHODS Seven-week-old female Lewis rats were immunized with type II collagen and monitored using blood sampling at weekly intervals. At study termination (day 23), the animals were killed, synovial fluid was collected, and the affected joints were scored macroscopically for disease severity and underwent immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS At the time of disease onset (day 15), which was characterized by redness and swelling of the affected joints (mean +/- SD macroscopic severity score 9.1 +/- 1.6), there was a 355% increase in serum CTX-II levels. The early change in serum CTX-II from day 0 to day 15 showed a significant association with the severity of cartilage damage (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). Immunostaining revealed extensive presence of the CTX-II epitope in the damaged, uncalcified cartilage tissue. CONCLUSION The elevation in serum CTX-II concomitant with the onset of disease and proportional to cartilage damage demonstrates that CTX-II is a sensitive diagnostic tool for monitoring joint disease in the rodent model of CIA. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical findings are consistent with the concept that the major source of serum CTX-II is the damaged articular cartilage.
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