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Pileggi S, Colombo EA, Ancona S, Quadri R, Bernardelli C, Colapietro P, Taiana M, Fontana L, Miozzo M, Lesma E, Sirchia SM. Dysfunction in IGF2R Pathway and Associated Perturbations in Autophagy and WNT Processes in Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3586. [PMID: 38612397 PMCID: PMC11011696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder characterized by overgrowth, stemming from various genetic and epigenetic changes. This study delves into the role of IGF2 upregulation in BWS, focusing on insulin-like growth factor pathways, which are poorly known in this syndrome. We examined the IGF2R, the primary receptor of IGF2, WNT, and autophagy/lysosomal pathways in BWS patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines, showing different genetic and epigenetic defects. The findings reveal a decreased expression and mislocalization of IGF2R protein, suggesting receptor dysfunction. Additionally, our results point to a dysregulation in the AKT/GSK-3/mTOR pathway, along with imbalances in autophagy and the WNT pathway. In conclusion, BWS cells, regardless of the genetic/epigenetic profiles, are characterized by alteration of the IGF2R pathway that is associated with the perturbation of the autophagy and lysosome processes. These alterations seem to be a key point of the molecular pathogenesis of BWS and potentially contribute to BWS's characteristic overgrowth and cancer susceptibility. Our study also uncovers alterations in the WNT pathway across all BWS cell lines, consistent with its role in growth regulation and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Pileggi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
| | - Elisa A. Colombo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Ancona
- Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy (E.L.)
| | - Roberto Quadri
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Bernardelli
- Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy (E.L.)
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Taiana
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Lesma
- Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy (E.L.)
| | - Silvia M. Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy; (S.P.)
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2
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Garg A, Bandyopadhyay S. Role of an interdependent Wnt, GSK3-β/β-catenin and HB-EGF/EGFR mechanism in arsenic-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity in adult mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141375. [PMID: 38325618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We previously reported the neurotoxic effects of arsenic in the hippocampus. Here, we explored the involvement of Wnt pathway, which contributes to neuronal functions. Administering environmentally relevant arsenic concentrations to postnatal day-60 (PND60) mice demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in hippocampal Wnt3a and its components, Frizzled, phospho-LRP6, Dishevelled and Axin1 at PND90 and PND120. However, p-GSK3-β(Ser9) and β-catenin levels although elevated at PND90, decreased at PND120. Additionally, treatment with Wnt-inhibitor, rDkk1, reduced p-GSK3-β(Ser9) and β-catenin at PND90, but failed to affect their levels at PND120, indicating a time-dependent link with Wnt. To explore other underlying factors, we assessed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, which interacts with GSK3-β and appears relevant to neuronal functions. We primarily found that arsenic reduced hippocampal phosphorylated-EGFR and its ligand, Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), at both PND90 and PND120. Moreover, treatment with HB-EGF rescued p-GSK3-β(Ser9) and β-catenin levels at PND120, suggesting their HB-EGF/EGFR-dependent regulation at this time point. Additionally, rDkk1, LiCl (GSK3-β-activity inhibitor), or β-catenin protein treatments induced a time-dependent recovery in HB-EGF, indicating potential inter-dependent mechanism between hippocampal Wnt/β-catenin and HB-EGF/EGFR following arsenic exposure. Fluorescence immunolabeling then validated these findings in hippocampal neurons. Further exploration of hippocampal neuronal survival and apoptosis demonstrated that treatment with rDkk1, LiCl, β-catenin and HB-EGF improved Nissl staining and NeuN levels, and reduced cleaved-caspase-3 levels in arsenic-treated mice. Supportively, we detected improved Y-Maze and Passive Avoidance performances for learning-memory functions in these mice. Overall, our study provides novel insights into Wnt/β-catenin and HB-EGF/EGFR pathway interaction in arsenic-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Garg
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Li Q, Liu X, Mao J, Liu S, Hou B, Li K, Fang D. RRAGB-mediated suppression of PI3K/AKT exerts anti-cancer role in glioblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:149-157. [PMID: 37517217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has a high degree of invasiveness, which is largely attributed to the invalidation of current therapy and the unclear tumor growth mechanism. Ras related GTP binding B (RRAGB) is a family member of the Ras-homologous GTPases. The effect of RRAGB on tumor growth has been recognized, but its influences on GBM progression are ill-defined. Here, in our research, a significantly decreased expression of RRAGB in GBM tissues by using TCGA databases and glioma samples is observed. According to Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis, RRAGB low expression leads to a significant decrease of overall survival rate of patients, and is associated with the classification of WHO grade, histological type and age increase. Functional enrichment analysis reveals that the pathway of enrichment includes cell cycle arrest, extracellular matrix (ECM) processes and PI3K/AKT signal. Thereafter, our cell experiments confirm an obvious decrease of RRAGB in several GBM cell lines. It should be noted that RRAGB promotion strongly reduces the proliferation, migration and invasion of GBM cells and induces cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. RRAGB up-regulation significantly decreases the expression of PI3K, phosphorylated AKT, mTOR and S6K in GBM cell lines. Surprisingly, we further find that RRAGB-restrained proliferative, migratory and invasive properties of GBM cells are markedly offset after promoting AKT activation, accompanied with restored phosphorylation of mTOR and S6K, elucidating that AKT signaling blockage is partially indispensable for RRAGB to play its anti-cancer role in GBM. Animal studies confirmed that RRAGB over-expression obviously inhibits the tumor growth both in the xenograft and orthotopic mouse glioma models, along with improved overall survival rates. In short, we provide evidence that RRAGB is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Beiya Orthopedic Hospital, No. 20, Haotian North Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102445, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Sanmenxia Key Laboratory of Neurotumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Neurosurgery, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, 472000, Sanmenxia, Henan, China
| | - Jian Mao
- Sanmenxia Key Laboratory of Neurotumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Neurosurgery, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, 472000, Sanmenxia, Henan, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- Sanmenxia Key Laboratory of Neurotumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Neurosurgery, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, 472000, Sanmenxia, Henan, China
| | - Baosen Hou
- Sanmenxia Key Laboratory of Neurotumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Neurosurgery, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, 472000, Sanmenxia, Henan, China
| | - Kaiyan Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Dandong Fang
- Sanmenxia Key Laboratory of Neurotumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Neurosurgery, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, 472000, Sanmenxia, Henan, China.
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Tsai HP, Lin CJ, Lieu AS, Chen YT, Tseng TT, Kwan AL, Loh JK. Galectin-3 Mediates Tumor Progression in Astrocytoma by Regulating Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Activity. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3591-3602. [PMID: 37185758 PMCID: PMC10137203 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have considered galectin-3 or Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) as a potential prognosis marker for various cancers. However, the correlation between the protein expression of galectin-3/GSK3B and the clinical parameters of astrocytoma has not been reported. This study aims to validate the correlation between the clinical outcomes and protein expression of galectin-3/GSK3B in astrocytoma. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect galectin-3/GSK3B protein expression in patients with astrocytoma. The Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier evaluation, and Cox regression analysis were used to determine the correlation between clinical parameters and galectin-3/GSK3B expression. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were compared between a non-siRNA group and a galectin-3/GSK3B siRNA group. Protein expression in galectin-3 or GSK3B siRNA-treated cells was evaluated using western blotting. Galectin-3 and GSK3B protein expression were significantly positively correlated with the World Health Organization (WHO) astrocytoma grade and overall survival time. Multivariate analysis revealed that WHO grade, galectin-3 expression, and GSK3B expression were independent prognostic factors for astrocytoma. Galectin-3 or GSK3B downregulation induced apoptosis and decreased cell numbers, migration, and invasion. siRNA-mediated gene silencing of galectin-3 resulted in the downregulation of Ki-67, cyclin D1, VEGF, GSK3B, p-GSK3B Ser9 (p-GSK3B S9), and β-catenin. In contrast, GSK3B knockdown only decreased Ki-67, VEGF, p-GSK3B S9, and β-catenin protein expression but did not affect cyclin D1 and galectin-3 protein expression. The siRNA results indicated that GSK3B is downstream of the galectin-3 gene. These data support that galectin-3 mediated tumor progression by upregulating GSK3B and β-catenin protein expression in glioblastoma. Therefore, galectin-3 and GSK3B are potential prognostic markers, and their genes may be considered to be anticancer targets for astrocytoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Tseng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Joon-Khim Loh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Wang J, Quan Y, Lv J, Gong S, Ren P. Inhibition of FAM83D displays antitumor effects in glioblastoma via down-regulation of the AKT/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1343-1356. [PMID: 35150198 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Up-regulation of family with sequence similarity 83 member D (FAM83D) has been acknowledged as a vital contributor for the carcinogenesis of numerous cancers. The relevance of FAM83D in glioblastoma (GBM), however, is not well understood. This current work aimed to determine the possible roles and mechanisms of FAM83D in GBM. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, we found dramatic increases in FAM83D expression in GBM tissue. We also observed elevated levels of FAM83D in the clinical specimens of GBM. In vitro data showed that silencing FAM83D resulted in remarkable antitumor effects via inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of GBM cells. Moreover, the knockdown of FAM83D improved sensitivity to the chemotherapy drug temozolomide. In-depth mechanism research revealed that the silencing of FAM83D strikingly decreased the phosphorylation levels of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and prohibited activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The suppression of AKT abolished FAM83D-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The re-expression of β-catenin reversed FAM83D-silencing-induced antitumor effects in GBM cells. In addition, GBM cells with FAM83D silencing exhibited reduced tumorigenic potential in vivo. Overall, the data from this work show that the inhibition of FAM83D displays antitumor effects in GBM via down-regulation of the AKT/Wnt/β-catenin pathway and propose FAM83D as a new therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shouping Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Alanazi R, Nakatogawa H, Wang H, Ji D, Luo Z, Golbourn B, Feng Z, Rutka JT, Sun H. Inhibition of TRPM7 with carvacrol suppresses glioblastoma functions
in vivo. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1483-1491. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haitao Wang
- Departments of Surgery
- Departments of Surgery Physiology
| | | | - Zhengwei Luo
- Departments of Surgery
- Departments of Surgery Physiology
| | - Brian Golbourn
- Departments of Cell Biology SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada
| | | | | | - Hong‐Shuo Sun
- Departments of Surgery
- Departments of Surgery Physiology
- Pharmacology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Toronto Canada
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Han J, Zhang Y. Exploring the Cardioprotective Effects of Pharmacological Inhibitors of 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/Fructose-2,6- Bisphosphatase-3 in Ischemia-Reperfusion-Subjected Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.346.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Deng P, Liu Y, Xu R, Li L, Zou G, Liu Z. Exploring the Cardioprotective Effects of Pharmacological Inhibitors of PFKFB3 in Ischemia-Reperfusion-Subjected Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.36.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wei Y, Hu Y, Qi K, Li Y, Chen J, Wang R. Dihydromyricetin improves LPS-induced sickness and depressive-like behaviors in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/Akt/HIF1a/NLRP3 pathway. Behav Brain Res 2022; 423:113775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Brüning-Richardson A, Shaw GC, Tams D, Brend T, Sanganee H, Barry ST, Hamm G, Goodwin RJA, Swales JG, King H, Steele L, Morton R, Widyadari A, Ward TA, Esteves F, Boissinot M, Mavria G, Droop A, Lawler SE, Short SC. GSK-3 Inhibition Is Cytotoxic in Glioma Stem Cells through Centrosome Destabilization and Enhances the Effect of Radiotherapy in Orthotopic Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5939. [PMID: 34885051 PMCID: PMC8657225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous data on glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibition in cancer models support a cytotoxic effect with selectivity for tumor cells compared to normal tissue but the effect of these inhibitors in glioma has not been widely studied. Here, we investigate their potential as cytotoxics in glioma. METHODS We assessed the effect of pharmacologic GSK-3 inhibition on established (U87, U251) and patient-derived (GBM1, GBM4) glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines using cytotoxicity assays as well as undertaking a detailed investigation of the effect on cell cycle, mitosis, and centrosome biology. We also assessed drug uptake and efficacy of GSK-3 inhibition alone and in combination with radiation in xenograft models. RESULTS Using the selective GSK-3 inhibitor AZD2858, we demonstrated single agent cytotoxicity in two patient-derived glioma cell lines (GBM1, GBM4) and two established cell lines (U251 and U87) with IC50 in the low micromolar range promoting centrosome disruption, failed mitosis, and S-phase arrest. Glioma xenografts exposed to AZD2858 also showed growth delay compared to untreated controls. Combined treatment with radiation increased the cytotoxic effect of clinical radiation doses in vitro and in orthotopic glioma xenografts. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that GSK-3 inhibition promotes cell death in glioma through disrupting centrosome function and promoting mitotic failure and that AZD2858 is an effective adjuvant to radiation at clinical doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Brüning-Richardson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gary C. Shaw
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Daniel Tams
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Tim Brend
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Hitesh Sanganee
- Discovery Sciences BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK;
| | - Simon T. Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK;
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK; (G.H.); (R.J.A.G.); (J.G.S.)
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK; (G.H.); (R.J.A.G.); (J.G.S.)
| | - John G. Swales
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 8PA, UK; (G.H.); (R.J.A.G.); (J.G.S.)
| | - Henry King
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Lynette Steele
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Ruth Morton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Anastasia Widyadari
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Thomas A. Ward
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Filomena Esteves
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Marjorie Boissinot
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Georgia Mavria
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Alastair Droop
- Leeds MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Susan C. Short
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (G.C.S.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (H.K.); (L.S.); (R.M.); (A.W.); (T.A.W.); (F.E.); (M.B.); (G.M.)
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Long Z, Xiang W, Li J, Yang T, Yu G. Exploring the Mechanism of Resveratrol in Reducing the Soft Tissue Damage of Osteoarthritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:9931957. [PMID: 34646331 PMCID: PMC8505078 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9931957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the mechanism of resveratrol in reducing the soft tissue damage of osteoarthritis (OA) based on network pharmacology. METHODS Pharmmapper was used to predict the target of resveratrol, OMIM and Genecards were used to collect OA-related disease genes, and David ver 6.8 was used for enrichment analysis. Then, animal experiments were carried out for verification. The rat OA model was established and the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: model group, resveratrol low-dose group, resveratrol high-dose group, and blank control group for follow-up experiments. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the degree of pathological damage of rat bones and joints. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the content of inflammatory factors. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa B protein (NF-κB), cysteine protease-9 (CASP-9), Bcl-2 protein, and Bax protein. RESULTS Through network pharmacological analysis, this study found that resveratrol may regulate the TLR4 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, Osteoclast differentiation, Rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Animal experiments showed that compared with the model group, the pathological damage of bone and joint in the resveratrol low-dose and high-dose groups was significantly improved. Compared with the model group, the serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in the resveratrol low-dose and high-dose groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); protein levels of TLR-4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); caspase-9 and Bax protein levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and Bcl-2 was significantly increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Resveratrol may inhibit the activation of the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway and has a repairing effect on soft tissue damage in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Long
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tiejun Yang
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ganpeng Yu
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China
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12
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Tang X, Zuo C, Fang P, Liu G, Qiu Y, Huang Y, Tang R. Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Review on Biomarkers, Signal Pathways and Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701291. [PMID: 34307170 PMCID: PMC8297686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal and common primary brain tumor, even after treatment with multiple therapies, such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. Although great advances in medical development and improvements in therapeutic methods of GBM have led to a certain extension of the median survival time of patients, prognosis remains poor. The primary cause of its dismal outcomes is the high rate of tumor recurrence, which is closely related to its resistance to standard therapies. During the last decade, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been successfully isolated from GBM, and it has been demonstrated that these cells are likely to play an indispensable role in the formation, maintenance, and recurrence of GBM tumors, indicating that GSCs are a crucial target for treatment. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge regarding GSCs, their related signaling pathways, resistance mechanisms, crosstalk linking mechanisms, and microenvironment or niche. Subsequently, we present a framework of targeted therapy for GSCs based on direct strategies, including blockade of the pathways necessary to overcome resistance or prevent their function, promotion of GSC differentiation, virotherapy, and indirect strategies, including targeting the perivascular, hypoxic, and immune niches of the GSCs. In summary, targeting GSCs provides a tremendous opportunity for revolutionary approaches to improve the prognosis and therapy of GBM, despite a variety of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghai Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengchao Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyi Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Bhargava R, Maeda K, Tsokos MG, Pavlakis M, Stillman IE, Tsokos GC. N-glycosylated IgG in patients with kidney transplants increases calcium/calmodulin kinase IV in podocytes and causes injury. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:148-160. [PMID: 32531122 PMCID: PMC8188503 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is a major cause of late allograft loss. Increased urine podocin/creatinine ratio in TG signifies accelerated podocyte loss. The mechanisms that lead to podocyte injury in TG remain unclear. We report that IgG from kidney transplant recipients with TG, but not from those without TG, cause a reduction in the expression of nephrin, significant podocyte actin cytoskeleton, and motility changes. These changes are preceded by increased expression of calcium/calmodulin kinase IV (CAMK4). Mechanistically, we found that CAMK4 phosphorylates GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta), activates the Wnt pathway and stabilizes the nephrin transcriptional repressor SNAIL. Silencing neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) or CAMK4 prevented the podocyte-damaging effects of IgG from patients with TG. Furthermore, we show that removal of N-linked glycosyl residues from these IgG did not interfere with its entry into the podocytes but eliminated its ability to upregulate CAMK4 and cause podocyte injury. The translational value of these findings is signified by the fact that CAMK4 is increased in podocytes of patients with TG but not in those without TG despite other forms of renal dysfunction. Our results offer novel considerations to limit podocyte injury in patients with kidney transplants, which may lead to eventual glomerular destabilization and transplant glomerulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kayaho Maeda
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria G. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martha Pavlakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isaac E. Stillman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Kabir SR, Dai Z, Nurujjaman M, Cui X, Asaduzzaman AKM, Sun B, Zhang X, Dai H, Zhao X. Biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles inhibit human glioblastoma stem cells growth in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13223-13234. [PMID: 33047886 PMCID: PMC7701582 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles has become increasing day by day. In the present study, silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl‐NPs) were synthesized from Kaempferia rotunda tuberous rhizome extract to evaluate the antiproliferative activity against human glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vivo in mice. Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by colour change and UV‐visible spectrum and characterized by TEM, XRD, TGA, AFM and FTIR. K rotunda and recently synthesized Zizyphus mauritiana fruit extract‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited 77.2% and 71% of GSCs growth at 32 µg/mL concentration with the IC50 values of 6.8 and 10.4 µg/mL, respectively. Cell morphological studies and caspase‐3 immunofluorescence assay revealed that both biogenic nanoparticles induced apoptosis in GSCs. Expression levels of several genes were checked by real‐time PCR after treatment with K rotunda tuberous rhizome‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs. PARP, EGFR, NOTCH2 and STAT3 gene expression were decreased with the increase of NFκB, TLR9, IL1, TNFα, IKK and p21 gene that would be the cause of induction of apoptosis in GSCs. The cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase was confirmed by flow cytometric assay. Both nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally to rapidly growing EAC cells for 5 consecutive days. Approximately, 32.3% and 55% EAC cells growth were inhibited by K rotunda tuberous rhizome‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs at 6 and 12 mg/kg/day doses, respectively while only 20% cell growth inhibition was monitored at 12 mg/kg/day dose of Z mauritiana‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs. From the above results, it can be concluded that presently synthesized nanoparticles would be a potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - M Nurujjaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoyue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - A K M Asaduzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongjuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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15
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Targeting GSK3 and Associated Signaling Pathways Involved in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051110. [PMID: 32365809 PMCID: PMC7290852 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine (S/T) protein kinase. Although GSK-3 originally was identified to have functions in regulation of glycogen synthase, it was subsequently determined to have roles in multiple normal biochemical processes as well as various disease conditions. GSK-3 is sometimes referred to as a moonlighting protein due to the multiple substrates and processes which it controls. Frequently, when GSK-3 phosphorylates proteins, they are targeted for degradation. GSK-3 is often considered a component of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/GSK-3/mTORC1 pathway as GSK-3 is frequently phosphorylated by AKT which regulates its inactivation. AKT is often active in human cancer and hence, GSK-3 is often inactivated. Moreover, GSK-3 also interacts with WNT/β-catenin signaling and β-catenin and other proteins in this pathway are targets of GSK-3. GSK-3 can modify NF-κB activity which is often expressed at high levels in cancer cells. Multiple pharmaceutical companies developed small molecule inhibitors to suppress GSK-3 activity. In addition, various natural products will modify GSK-3 activity. This review will focus on the effects of small molecule inhibitors and natural products on GSK-3 activity and provide examples where these compounds were effective in suppressing cancer growth.
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16
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Jian S, Chen L, Minxue L, Hongmin C, Ronghua T, Xiaoxuan F, Binbin Z, Shiwen G. Tanshinone I induces apoptosis and protective autophagy in human glioblastoma cells via a reactive oxygen species‑dependent pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:983-992. [PMID: 32124953 PMCID: PMC7053869 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system and is associated with high mortality rates. Despite the available treatment options including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the median patient survival rate is low. Therefore, the development of novel anticancer agents for the treatment of glioma is urgently required. Tanshinone I (TS I) is a tanshinone compound that is isolated from Danshen. Accumulating evidence indicates that TS I exhibits antiproliferative activity in a variety of cancer types. However, the role of TS I and its mechanism of action in human glioma remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the anticancer potential of TS I against human glioma U87 MG cells was investigated. The results indicated that TS I exerted a potential cytotoxic effect on human glioma U87 MG cells. TS I was found to induce cell proliferation, inhibition, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in U87 MG cells. Mechanistic experiments indicated that TS I activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inhibited AKT signaling and apoptosis in human glioma U87 MG cells. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that TS I induced protective autophagy in U87 MG cells. Additionally, ER stress and AKT signal-mediated apoptosis and protective autophagy were found to be induced by TS I via intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. The results of the present study demonstrated that TS I may be a potential anticancer drug candidate that may be of value in the treatment of human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangguan Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lian Minxue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Che Hongmin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tang Ronghua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Fan Xiaoxuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Binbin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guo Shiwen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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17
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Sopjani M, Millaku L, Nebija D, Emini M, Rifati-Nixha A, Dërmaku-Sopjani M. The Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in the Regulation of Ion Channels and Cellular Carriers. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:6817-6829. [PMID: 30306852 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181009122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a highly evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase, an enzyme protein profoundly specific for glycogen synthase (GS). GSK-3 is involved in various cellular functions and physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival as well as glycogen metabolism, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. There are two isoforms of human GSK-3 (named GSK-3α and GSK-3β) encoded by two distinct genes. Recently, GSK-3β has been reported to function as a powerful regulator of various transport processes across the cell membrane. This kinase, GSK-3β, either directly or indirectly, may stimulate or inhibit many different types of transporter proteins, including ion channel and cellular carriers. More specifically, GSK-3β-sensitive cellular transport regulation involves various calcium, chloride, sodium, and potassium ion channels, as well as a number of Na+-coupled cellular carriers including excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT2, 3 and 4, high-affinity Na+ coupled glucose carriers SGLT1, creatine transporter 1 CreaT1, and the type II sodium/phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa. The GSK-3β-dependent cellular transport regulations are a part of the kinase functions in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Clearly, additional studies are required to examine the role of GSK-3β in many other types of cellular transporters as well as further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of GSK-3β-mediated cellular transport regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mentor Sopjani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Lulzim Millaku
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Dashnor Nebija
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Merita Emini
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
| | - Arleta Rifati-Nixha
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtine, Kosova
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18
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Bhat SA, Henry RJ, Blanchard AC, Stoica BA, Loane DJ, Faden AI. Enhanced Akt/GSK-3β/CREB signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators in microglia and following traumatic brain injury in male mice. J Neurochem 2020; 156:225-248. [PMID: 31926033 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that treatment with a mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) is neuroprotective after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), limiting post-traumatic neuroinflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory microglial activation and promoting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective responses. However, the specific molecular mechanisms governing this anti-inflammatory shift in microglia remain unknown. Here we show that the mGluR5 PAM, VU0360172 (VuPAM), regulates microglial inflammatory responses through activation of Akt, resulting in the inhibition of GSK-3β. GSK-3β regulates the phosphorylation of CREB, thereby controlling the expression of inflammation-related genes and microglial plasticity. The anti-inflammatory action of VuPAM in microglia is reversed by inhibiting Akt/GSK-3β/CREB signaling. Using a well-characterized TBI model and CX3CR1gfp/+ mice to visualize microglia in vivo, we demonstrate that VuPAM enhances Akt/GSK-3β/CREB signaling in the injured cortex, as well as anti-inflammatory microglial markers. Furthermore, in situ analysis revealed that GFP + microglia in the cortex of VuPAM-treated TBI mice co-express pCREB and the anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype marker YM1. Taken together, our data show that VuPAM decreases pro-inflammatory microglial activation by modulating Akt/GSK-3β/CREB signaling. These findings serve to clarify the potential neuroprotective mechanisms of mGluR5 PAM treatment after TBI, and suggest novel therapeutic targets for post-traumatic neuroinflammation. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15048.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz A Bhat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca J Henry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexa C Blanchard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Rahiminejad A, Dinarvand R, Johari B, Nodooshan SJ, Rashti A, Rismani E, Mahdaviani P, Saltanatpour Z, Rahiminejad S, Raigani M, Khosravani M. Preparation and investigation of indirubin-loaded SLN nanoparticles and their anti-cancer effects on human glioblastoma U87MG cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:2-11. [PMID: 30080277 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Indirubin, an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, is considered as an anti-cancer agent. However, due to its hydrophobic nature, clinical efficiency has been limited. Drug delivery via nanotechnology techniques open new windows toward treatment of cancerous patients. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most severe and common type of brain primary tumors. Of common problems in targeting therapies of glioblastoma is the availability of drug in tumoric tissues. In this study, Indirubin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared and their therapeutic potentials and antitumoric effects were assessed on GBM cell line (U87MG). The SLNs were prepared with Cetyl palmitate and Polysorbat 80 via high-pressure homogenization (HPH) methods in hot mode. Then, properties of SLNs including size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficacy (EE %) and drug loading were characterized. SLNs morphology and size were observed using SEM and TEM. The crystalinity of formulation was determined by different scattering calorimetry (DSC). The amount of drug release and antitumor efficiency were evaluated at both normal brain pH of 7.2 and tumoric pH of 6.8. The prapared SLNs had mean size of 130 nm, zeta potential of -16 mV and EE of 99.73%. The results of DSC showed proper encapsulation of drug into SLNs. Drug release assessment in both pH displayed sustain release property. The result of MTT test exhibited a remarkable increment in antitumor activity of Indirubin loaded SLN in comparison with free form of drug and blank SLN on multiform GB. This study indicated that Indirubin loaded SLNs could act as a useful anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahiminejad
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Jafari Nodooshan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rashti
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Medical Genetic Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mahdaviani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Saltanatpour
- Medical Genetic Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Rahiminejad
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Raigani
- Medical Genetic Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Khosravani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Wang Y, Huang N, Li H, Liu S, Chen X, Yu S, Wu N, Bian XW, Shen HY, Li C, Xiao L. Promoting oligodendroglial-oriented differentiation of glioma stem cell: a repurposing of quetiapine for the treatment of malignant glioma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37511-37524. [PMID: 28415586 PMCID: PMC5514926 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major contributor of chemotherapy resistance and malignant recurrence, glioma stem cells (GSCs) have been proposed as a target for the treatment of gliomas. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of quetiapine (QUE), an atypical antipsychotic, for the treatment of malignant glioma, we established mouse models with GSCs-initiated orthotopic xenograft gliomas and subcutaneous xenograft tumors, using GSCs purified from glioblastoma cell line GL261. We investigated antitumor effects of QUE on xenograft gliomas and its underlying mechanisms on GSCs. Our data demonstrated that (i) QUE monotherapy can effectively suppress GSCs-initiated tumor growth; (ii) QUE has synergistic effects with temozolomide (TMZ) on glioma suppression, and importantly, QUE can effectively suppress TMZ-resistant (or -escaped) tumors generated from GSCs; (iii) mechanistically, the anti-glioma effect of QUE was due to its actions of promoting the differentiation of GSCs into oligodendrocyte (OL)-like cells and its inhibitory effect on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Together, our findings suggest an effective approach for anti-gliomagenic treatment via targeting OL-oriented differentiation of GSCs. This also opens a door for repurposing QUE, an FDA approved drug, for the treatment of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Nanxin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shubao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shichang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hai-Ying Shen
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Chengren Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Zhang X, Jiang W, Zhou AL, Zhao M, Jiang DR. Inhibitory effect of oxymatrine on hepatocyte apoptosis via TLR4/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3839-3849. [PMID: 28638224 PMCID: PMC5467070 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i21.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on hepatocyte apoptosis in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver failure (ALF).
METHODS LPS/D-GalN was used to establish a model of ALF in rats. To evaluate the effect of OMT, we assessed apoptosis by transmission electron microscopy, and the pathological changes in the liver by light microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin staining. An automated biochemical analyzer was used to measure serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. Western blotting was used to detect protein levels in liver tissues. Streptavidin peroxidase immunohistochemistry was used to observe expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, active caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2.
RESULTS All rats in the normal control and OMT-pretreated groups survived. The mortality rate in the model group was 30%. OMT preconditioning down-regulated apoptosis of hepatocytes and ameliorated pathological changes in liver tissue. The levels of AST, ALT, TNF-α and IL-1β in the model group increased significantly, and were significantly reduced by OMT pretreatment. OMT pretreatment down-regulated expression of TLR4 and active caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and up-regulated expression of P-AktSer473 (Akt phosphorylated at serine 473) and P-GSK3βSer9 (glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylated at serine 9) induced by LPS/D-GalN.
CONCLUSION OMT inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis by suppressing the TLR4/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway, which suggests that OMT is an effective candidate for ameliorating acute liver failure.
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Gelfo F, Cutuli D, Nobili A, De Bartolo P, D’Amelio M, Petrosini L, Caltagirone C. Chronic Lithium Treatment in a Rat Model of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Depletion: Effects on Memory Impairment and Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:1505-1518. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of TECOS, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D’Amelio
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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23
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Hutter G, Sailer M, Azad TD, von Bueren AO, Nollau P, Frank S, Tostado C, Sarvepalli D, Ghosh A, Ritz MF, Boulay JL, Mariani L. Reverse phase protein arrays enable glioblastoma molecular subtyping. J Neurooncol 2016; 131:437-448. [PMID: 27858266 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the phosphorylation status of the 12 most important signaling cascades in glioblastomas. More than 60 tumor and control biopsies from tumor center and periphery (based on neuronavigation) were subjected to selective protein expression analysis using reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) incubated with antibodies against posttranslationally modified cancer pathway proteins. The ratio between phosphorylated (or modified) and non-phosphorylated protein was assessed. All samples were histopathologically validated and proteomic profiles correlated with clinical and survival data. By RPPA, we identified three distinct activation patterns within glioblastoma defined by the ratios of pCREB1/CREB1, NOTCH-ICD/NOTCH1, and pGSK3β/GSK3β, respectively. These subclasses demonstrated distinct overall survival patterns in a cohort of patients from a single-institution and in an analysis of publicly available data. In particular, a high pGSK3β/GSK3β-ratio was associated with a poor survival. Wnt-activation/GSK3β-inhibition in U373 and U251 cell lines halted glioma cell proliferation and migration. Gene expression analysis was used as an internal quality control of baseline proteomic data. The protein expression and phosphorylation had a higher resolution, resulting in a better class-subdivision than mRNA based stratification data. Patients with different proteomic profiles from multiple biopsies showed a worse overall survival. The CREB1-, NOTCH1-, GSK3β-phosphorylation status correlated with glioma grades. RPPA represent a fast and reliable tool to supplement morphological diagnosis with pathway-specific information in individual tumors. These data can be exploited for molecular stratification and possible combinatorial treatment planning. Further, our results may optimize current glioma grading algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Hutter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
| | - Martin Sailer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tej Deepak Azad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - André O von Bueren
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Nollau
- Diagnostic Center, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), CAMPUS Research Building N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuro- and Ophthalmopathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristobal Tostado
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Durga Sarvepalli
- Molecular Signalling and Gene Therapy, Narayana Nethralaya, Narayana Health City, # 258/A, Bommasandra, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- Molecular Signalling and Gene Therapy, Narayana Nethralaya, Narayana Health City, # 258/A, Bommasandra, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Marie-Françoise Ritz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Boulay
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive of primary brain tumors. Despite the progress in understanding the biology of the pathogenesis of glioma made during the past decade, the clinical outcome of patients with GBM remains still poor. Deregulation of many signaling pathways involved in growth, survival, migration and resistance to treatment has been implicated in pathogenesis of GBM. One of these pathways is phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/rapamycin-sensitive mTOR-complex (mTOR) pathway, intensively studied and widely described so far. Much less attention has been paid to the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), a target of AKT. In this review we focus on the function of AKT/GSK3β signaling in GBM.
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25
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Ching J, Amiridis S, Stylli SS, Bjorksten AR, Kountouri N, Zheng T, Paradiso L, Luwor RB, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist pioglitazone increases functional expression of the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) in human glioblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21301-14. [PMID: 26046374 PMCID: PMC4673266 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma cells release glutamate through expression of system xc-, which exchanges intracellular glutamate for extracellular cysteine. Lack of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) expression maintains high extracellular glutamate levels in the glioma microenvironment, causing excitotoxicity to surrounding parenchyma. Not only does this contribute to the survival and proliferation of glioma cells, but is involved in the pathophysiology of tumour-associated epilepsy (TAE). We investigated the role of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone in modulating EAAT2 expression in glioma cells. We found that EAAT2 expression was increased in a dose dependent manner in both U87MG and U251MG glioma cells. Extracellular glutamate levels were reduced with the addition of pioglitazone, where statistical significance was reached in both U87MG and U251MG cells at a concentration of ≥ 30 μM pioglitazone (p < 0.05). The PPARγ antagonist GW9662 inhibited the effect of pioglitazone on extracellular glutamate levels, indicating PPARγ dependence. In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced cell viability of U87MG and U251MG cells at ≥ 30 μM and 100 μM (p < 0.05) respectively. GW9662 also significantly reduced viability of U87MG and U251MG cells with 10 μM and 30 μM (p < 0.05) respectively. The effect on viability was partially dependent on PPARγ activation in U87MG cells but not U251MG cells, whereby PPARγ blockade with GW9662 had a synergistic effect. We conclude that PPARγ agonists may be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of gliomas and furthermore suggest a novel role for these agents in the treatment of tumour associated seizures through the reduction in extracellular glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Ching
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew R Bjorksten
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Kountouri
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Zheng
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Paradiso
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Shu Q, Liu J, Liu X, Zhao S, Li H, Tan Y, Xu J. GABAB R/GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway regulates the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1259-67. [PMID: 27060477 PMCID: PMC4924384 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of highly fatal cancer-related deaths in the whole world. Fast growth is critical characteristic of colorectal cancer, the underlying regulatory mechanism of colorectal cell fast proliferation remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that activation of metabotropic γ-Aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAB R) signaling significantly inhibited the colorectal cell HT29 proliferation by arresting the cell at G1 phase. Inhibition of GABAB R activated GSK-3β by reducing the phosphorylation level of GSK-3β. Activation of GSK-3β blocked the function of GABAB R signaling on repressing cell proliferation. We further found that GABAB R activation inhibited NF-κB activity. The promotion of cell proliferation caused by downregulation of GABRB R could be blocked by inhibition of NF-κB activation. Overall, activation of GABAB R leaded to inhibition of GSK-3β activation to repress the NF-κB function during colorectal cancer cell proliferation. This study revealed critical function of GABAB R/GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway on regulating proliferation of colorectal cancer cell, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for clinical colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shu
- Department of gastroenterology, The Affiliated Clinical College ShenZhen Second People Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of gastroenterology, The Affiliated Clinical College ShenZhen Second People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiupeng Liu
- Department of gastroenterology, The Affiliated Clinical College ShenZhen Second People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sufang Zhao
- Department of gastroenterology, The Affiliated Clinical College ShenZhen Second People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hualin Li
- Department of gastroenterology, The Affiliated Clinical College ShenZhen Second People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonggang Tan
- Department of gastroenterology, The Affiliated Clinical College ShenZhen Second People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Patil SS, Gokulnath P, Bashir M, Shwetha SD, Jaiswal J, Shastry AH, Arimappamagan A, Santosh V, Kondaiah P. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 regulates β-catenin signaling pathway in glioma cells and contributes to poor patient prognosis. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1487-1497. [PMID: 27044294 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is often associated with aggressiveness of glioblastoma (GBM) and contributes to poor prognosis for GBM patients. In view of the regulation of β-catenin by IGFBP-2 in breast cancer and the crucial role of β-catenin pathway in glioma invasion, proliferation and maintenance of glioma stem cells, the mechanism of regulation of β-catenin by IGFBP-2, and its role in GBM prognosis was studied. METHODS Regulation of the β-catenin pathway was studied by immunocytochemistry, Western blot analysis, luciferase assays, and real-time RT-PCR. The role of IGFBP-2 was studied by subcutaneous tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice using glioma cells engineered to express IGFBP-2 and its domains. GBM patient tumor tissues (n = 112) were analyzed for expression of IGFBP-2 and β-catenin by immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis was performed employing Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. RESULTS IGFBP-2 knockdown in U251, T98G, and U373 or overexpression in LN229 and U87 cells revealed a role for IGFBP-2 in stabilization of β-catenin and regulation of its nuclear functions involving integrin-mediated inactivation of GSK3β. Similar results were obtained upon overexpression of the C-terminal domain of IGFBP-2 but not the N-terminal domain. Subcutaneous xenograft tumors overexpressing either full-length or the C-terminal domain of IGFBP-2 showed larger volume as compared with controls. Coexpression of high levels of IGFBP-2 and β-catenin was associated with worse prognosis (P = .001) in GBM patients. CONCLUSION IGFBP-2 potentiates GBM tumor growth by the activation of the β-catenin pathway through its C-terminal domain, and their coexpression possibly contributes to worse patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa S Patil
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Mohsin Bashir
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Shivayogi D Shwetha
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Janhvi Jaiswal
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Arun H Shastry
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Arivazhagan Arimappamagan
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Vani Santosh
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India (S.S.P., P.G., M.B., P.K.); Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (S.D.S., J.J., V.S.); Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.H.S.); Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India (A.A.)
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Suwala AK, Hanaford A, Kahlert UD, Maciaczyk J. Clipping the Wings of Glioblastoma: Modulation of WNT as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:388-96. [PMID: 26979081 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. Aberrant WNT signaling is known to promote glioma cell growth and dissemination and resistance to conventional radio- and chemotherapy. Moreover, a population of cancer stem-like cells that promote glioma growth and recurrence are strongly dependent on WNT signaling. Here, we discuss the role and mechanisms of aberrant canonical and noncanonical WNT signaling in GBM. We present current clinical approaches aimed at modulating WNT activity and evaluate their clinical perspective as a novel treatment option for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Suwala
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (AKS, UDK, JM); and Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland (AH)
| | - Allison Hanaford
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (AKS, UDK, JM); and Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland (AH)
| | - Ulf D Kahlert
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (AKS, UDK, JM); and Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland (AH)
| | - Jaroslaw Maciaczyk
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (AKS, UDK, JM); and Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland (AH).
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29
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Sophia J, Kiran Kishore T K, Kowshik J, Mishra R, Nagini S. Nimbolide, a neem limonoid inhibits Phosphatidyl Inositol-3 Kinase to activate Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in a hamster model of oral oncogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22192. [PMID: 26902162 PMCID: PMC4763291 DOI: 10.1038/srep22192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine kinase is frequently inactivated by the oncogenic signalling kinases PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK in diverse malignancies. The present study was designed to investigate GSK-3β signalling circuits in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis model and the therapeutic potential of the neem limonoid nimbolide. Inactivation of GSK-3β by phosphorylation at serine 9 and activation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK and β-catenin was associated with increased cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion during stepwise evolution of HBP carcinomas. Administration of nimbolide inhibited PI3K/Akt signalling with consequent activation of GSK-3β thereby inducing trafficking of β-catenin away from the nucleus and enhancing the expression of miR-126 and let-7. Molecular docking studies confirmed interaction of nimbolide with PI3K, Akt, ERK and GSK-3β. Furthermore, nimbolide attenuated cell proliferation and induced apoptosis as evidenced by increased p-cyclin D1Thr286 and pro-apoptotic proteins. The present study has unravelled aberrant phosphorylation as a key determinant for oncogenic signalling and acquisition of cancer hallmarks in the HBP model. The study has also provided mechanistic insights into the chemotherapeutic potential of nimbolide that may be a useful addition to the armamentarium of natural compounds targeting PI3K for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephraj Sophia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kranthi Kiran Kishore T
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaganathan Kowshik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Glioma Stem Cells: Signaling, Microenvironment, and Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7849890. [PMID: 26880988 PMCID: PMC4736567 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7849890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains the most common and devastating primary brain tumor despite maximal therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. The glioma stem cell (GSC) subpopulation has been identified in glioblastoma and likely plays a key role in resistance of these tumors to conventional therapies as well as recurrent disease. GSCs are capable of self-renewal and differentiation; glioblastoma-derived GSCs are capable of de novo tumor formation when implanted in xenograft models. Further, GSCs possess unique surface markers, modulate characteristic signaling pathways to promote tumorigenesis, and play key roles in glioma vascular formation. These features, in addition to microenvironmental factors, present possible targets for specifically directing therapy against the GSC population within glioblastoma. In this review, the authors summarize the current knowledge of GSC biology and function and the role of GSCs in new vascular formation within glioblastoma and discuss potential therapeutic approaches to target GSCs.
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Role of TLR4-Mediated PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Apoptosis of Rat Hepatocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:631326. [PMID: 26770978 PMCID: PMC4685073 DOI: 10.1155/2015/631326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of the Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) mediated PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in rat hepatocytes apoptosis induced by LPS. The cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with LPS alone or first pretreated with TLR4 inhibitor, AKT inhibitor, and GSK-3β inhibitor, respectively, and then stimulated with the same dose of LPS. Cell viability, cell apoptotic rate, and apoptosis morphology were assessed; the level of P-AKTSer473, P-GSK-3βSer9, and active Caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were evaluated. The results indicated that cell viability decreased, while cell apoptotic rate increased with time after LPS stimulation. The expression of P-AKTSer473 and P-GSK-3βSer9 in the LPS group decreased compared with the control, while the level of active Caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly increased. These effects were attenuated by pretreatment with CLI-095. In addition, the apoptotic ratio decreased after pretreatment with LiCl but increased following pretreatment with LY294002. The expression of P-AKTSer473 further decreased following pretreatment with LY294002 and the expression of P-GSK-3βSer9 increased following pretreatment with LiCl. Moreover, pretreatment with CLI-095 weakened LPS-induced nuclear translocation of GSK-3β. Our findings suggest that the TLR4-mediated PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway is present in rat hepatocytes and participates in apoptosis of BRL-3A cells.
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Gupta P, Jagavelu K, Mishra DP. Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-4 Potentiates 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose-Induced Suppression of Glycolysis, Migration, and Invasion in Glioblastoma Cells: Role of the Akt/HIF1α/HK-2 Signaling Axis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:665-81. [PMID: 25891245 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), a synthetic glycolytic inhibitor, is currently under clinical evaluation as a promising anticancer agent. However, 2-DG treatment in cancer cells activates prosurvival Akt signaling that might limit its clinical efficacy. The NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox-4)/reactive oxygen species/Akt signaling is known to regulate survival, proliferation, infiltration, and invasion in glioblastomas (GBMs). The enhanced motility, invasiveness, and therapy resistance in GBMs are attributed to metabolic adaptation through increased aerobic glycolysis. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of the Nox-4 might enhance 2-DG-induced suppression of glycolysis, migration, and invasion in GBM cells. RESULTS We identified the natural naphthoquinone compound shikonin as a potent inhibitor of the Nox-4/Akt signaling pathway. The combined treatment of shikonin+2-DG suppressed the glycolytic phenotype, migration, and invasion through modulation of the Akt/HIF1α/hexokinase-2 signaling axis in GBM cells. The combination also exhibited enhanced antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects in vivo. INNOVATION Our data for the first time demonstrate that inhibition of the Nox-4-associated prosurvival signaling pathway by shikonin enhances the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic potential of 2-DG in GBM cells. CONCLUSION In summary, the combined inhibition of Nox-4 and glycolysis may have therapeutic implications for the management of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- 1 Endocrinology Division, Cell Death Research Laboratory, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- 2 Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- 1 Endocrinology Division, Cell Death Research Laboratory, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
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Shi L, Fei X, Wang Z, You Y. PI3K inhibitor combined with miR-125b inhibitor sensitize TMZ-induced anti-glioma stem cancer effects through inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:1047-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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LIU WEIWEI, HU MIN, WANG YUMEI, SUN BAOZHEN, GUO YU, XU ZHIMIN, LI JIA, HAN BING. Overexpression of interleukin-18 protein reduces viability and induces apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β signaling. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1049-56. [PMID: 25591548 PMCID: PMC4324481 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression on regulating the viability and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells in vitro and examine the underlying molecular events. Human IL-18 cDNA was cloned into the vector pcDNA3.1 (+) and transfected into CRL-1623™ cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, cell viability MTT assay, flow cytometric Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI), Giemsa staining, and caspase-3 activity assay were performed. The data showed that overexpression of IL-18 protein reduced TSCC cell viability by inducing apoptosis. Compared with cells transfected with the control vector, IL-18 expression activated caspase-3, -7, and -9 by inducing their cleavage and increased the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and cytochrome c mRNA, but reduced cyclin D1 and A1 expression in TSCC cells. IL-18 expression upregulated the expression and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β protein in CRL1623 cells, whereas the selective GSK-3β inhibitor kenpaullone antagonized the effects of IL-18 protein on TSCC cells in vitro. The results indicated that IL-18 played an important role in the inhibition of TSCC cell growth and may be further investigated as a novel therapeutic target against TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- WEIWEI LIU
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - MIN HU
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - YUMEI WANG
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - BAOZHEN SUN
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - YU GUO
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - ZHIMIN XU
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - JIA LI
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - BING HAN
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Bing Han, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, 1500 Qinghua Road, Changchun 130021, P.R. China E-mail:
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Nurminskaya M, Beazley KE, Smith EP, Belkin AM. Transglutaminase 2 promotes PDGF-mediated activation of PDGFR/Akt1 and β-catenin signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells and supports neointima formation. J Vasc Res 2015; 51:418-28. [PMID: 25612735 DOI: 10.1159/000369461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) accompanies neointima formation and associates with vascular diseases. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced activation of PDGFR/Akt1 and β-catenin signaling pathways in VSMCs has been implicated in vessel occlusion. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) regulates these pathways and its levels are increased in the neointima. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TG2 in PDGF/β-catenin signaling cross-talk and assess its contribution to neointima. METHODS Aortic VSMCs from wild-type and TG2 knockout mice were tested in vitro for levels of VSMC markers, proliferation, migration and PDGF-induced activation of PDGFR/Akt1 and β-catenin pathways. Neointima in these mice was studied ex vivo in coronary vessels using a heart slice model and in vivo using a carotid artery ligation model. RESULTS Genetic deletion of TG2 attenuated the PDGF-induced phenotypic switch of aortic VSMCs, reduced their proliferation and migration rates, and inhibited PDGF-induced activation of PDGFR/Akt1 and β-catenin pathways in both ex vivo and in vivo neointima models. Importantly, genetic deletion of TG2 also markedly attenuated vessel occlusion. CONCLUSIONS TG2 promotes neointima formation by mediating the PDGF-induced activation of the PDGFR/Akt1 and β-catenin pathways in VSMCs. This study identifies TG2 as a potential therapeutic target for blocking neointima in blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nurminskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
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Atkins RJ, Ng W, Stylli SS, Hovens CM, Kaye AH. Repair mechanisms help glioblastoma resist treatment. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 22:14-20. [PMID: 25444993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant and incurable glial brain tumour. The current best treatment for GBM includes maximal safe surgical resection followed by concomitant radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide. Despite this, median survival is still only 14-16 months. Mechanisms that lead to chemo- and radio-resistance underpin treatment failure. Insights into the DNA repair mechanisms that permit resistance to chemoradiotherapy in GBM may help improve patient responses to currently available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Atkins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
| | - Wayne Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hovens
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre at Epworth, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Ching J, Amiridis S, Stylli SS, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH. A novel treatment strategy for glioblastoma multiforme and glioma associated seizures: increasing glutamate uptake with PPARγ agonists. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 22:21-8. [PMID: 25439749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The established role of glutamate in the pathogenesis of glioma-associated seizures (GAS) led us to investigate a novel treatment method using an established drug class, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists. Previously, sulfasalazine has been shown to prevent release of glutamate from glioma cells and prevent GAS in rodent models. However, raising protein mediated glutamate transport via excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) has not been investigated previously to our knowledge. PPAR gamma agonists are known to upregulate functional EAAT2 expression in astrocytes and prevent excitotoxicity caused by glutamate excess. These agents are also known to have anti-neoplastic mechanisms. Herein we discuss and review the potential mechanisms of these drugs and highlight a novel potential treatment for GAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Ching
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Stephanie Amiridis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Bentaib A, De Tullio P, Chneiweiss H, Hermans E, Junier MP, Leprince P. Metabolic reprogramming in transformed mouse cortical astrocytes: A proteomic study. J Proteomics 2014; 113:292-314. [PMID: 25305589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is thought to play a key role in sustaining the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. These changes facilitate for example the uptake and release of nutrients required for nucleotide, protein and lipid synthesis necessary for macromolecule assembly and tumor growth. We applied a 2D-DIGE (two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis) quantitative proteomic analysis to characterize the proteomes of mouse astrocytes that underwent in vitro cancerous transformation, and of their normal counterparts. Metabolic reprogramming effects on enzymatic and structural protein expression as well as associated metabolites abundance were quantified. Using enzymatic activity measurements and zymography, we documented and confirmed several changes in abundance and activity of various isoenzymes likely to participate in metabolic reprogramming. We found that after transformation, the cells increase their expression of glycolytic enzymes, thus augmenting their ability to use aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). An increased capacity to dispose of reducing equivalents through lactate production was also documented. Major effects on carbohydrates, amino acids and nucleotides metabolic enzymes were also observed. Conversely, the transformed cells reduced their enzymatic capacity for reactions of tricarboxylic acid oxidation, for neurotransmitter (glutamate) metabolism, for oxidative stress defense and their expression of astroglial markers. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of a global approach based on a 2D DIGE analysis allows obtaining a comprehensive view of the metabolic reprogramming undergone by astrocytes upon cancerous transformation. Indeed, except for a few enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase and glutaminase that were not detected in our initial analysis, pertinent information on the abundance of most enzymes belonging to pathways relevant to metabolic reprogramming was directly obtained. In this in vitro model, transformation causes major losses of astrocyte-specific proteins and functions and the acquisition of metabolic adaptations that favor intermediate metabolites production for increased macromolecule biosynthesis. Thus our approach appears to be readily applicable for the investigation of changes in protein abundance that determine various transformed cell phenotypes. It could similarly be applied to the evaluation of the effects of treatments aimed at correcting the consequences of cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal De Tullio
- Pharmaceutical chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hervé Chneiweiss
- Glial Plasticity and Cerebral Tumors, UMR8246 CNRS/U1130 Inserm/ UMCR18, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Hermans
- Institute of Neurosciences, Group of Neuropharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Junier
- Glial Plasticity and Cerebral Tumors, UMR8246 CNRS/U1130 Inserm/ UMCR18, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Peng W, Nan Z, Liu Y, Shen H, Lin C, Lin L, Yuan B. Dendritic cells transduced with CPEB4 induced antitumor immune response. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:273-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Park JH, Shin YJ, Riew TR, Lee MY. The indolinone MAZ51 induces cell rounding and G2/M cell cycle arrest in glioma cells without the inhibition of VEGFR-3 phosphorylation: involvement of the RhoA and Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109055. [PMID: 25268128 PMCID: PMC4182637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MAZ51 is an indolinone-based molecule originally synthesized as a selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 tyrosine kinase. This study shows that exposure of two glioma cell lines, rat C6 and human U251MG, to MAZ51 caused dramatic shape changes, including the retraction of cellular protrusions and cell rounding. These changes were caused by the clustering and aggregation of actin filaments and microtubules. MAZ51 also induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. This led to an inhibition of cellular proliferation, without triggering significant cell death. These alterations induced by MAZ51 occurred with similar dose- and time-dependent patterns. Treatment of glioma cells with MAZ51 resulted in increased levels of phosphorylated GSK3β through the activation of Akt, as well as increased levels of active RhoA. Interestingly, MAZ51 did not affect the morphology and cell cycle patterns of rat primary cortical astrocytes, suggesting it selectively targeted transformed cells. Immunoprecipitation–western blot analyses indicated that MAZ51 did not decrease, but rather increased, tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-3. To confirm this unanticipated result, several additional experiments were conducted. Enhancing VEGFR-3 phosphorylation by treatment of glioma cells with VEGF-C affected neither cytoskeleton arrangements nor cell cycle patterns. In addition, the knockdown of VEGFR-3 in glioma cells did not cause morphological or cytoskeletal alterations. Furthermore, treatment of VEGFR-3-silenced cells with MAZ51 caused the same alterations of cell shape and cytoskeletal arrangements as that observed in control cells. These data indicate that MAZ51 causes cytoskeletal alterations and G2/M cell cycle arrest in glioma cells. These effects are mediated through phosphorylation of Akt/GSK3β and activation of RhoA. The anti-proliferative activity of MAZ51 does not require the inhibition of VEGFR-3 phosphorylation, suggesting that it is a potential candidate for further clinical investigation for treatment of gliomas, although the precise mechanism(s) underlying its effects remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Park
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Qin JJ, Nag S, Wang W, Zhou J, Zhang WD, Wang H, Zhang R. NFAT as cancer target: mission possible? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:297-311. [PMID: 25072963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The NFAT signaling pathway regulates various aspects of cellular functions; NFAT acts as a calcium sensor, integrating calcium signaling with other pathways involved in development and growth, immune response, and inflammatory response. The NFAT family of transcription factors regulates diverse cellular functions such as cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The NFAT isoforms are constitutively activated and overexpressed in several cancer types wherein they transactivate downstream targets that play important roles in cancer development and progression. Though the NFAT family has been conclusively proved to be pivotal in cancer progression, the different isoforms play distinct roles in different cellular contexts. In this review, our discussion is focused on the mechanisms that drive the activation of various NFAT isoforms in cancer. Additionally, we analyze the potential of NFAT as a valid target for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Subhasree Nag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Cancer Biology Center, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Zhang Z, Lin CCJ. Taking advantage of neural development to treat glioblastoma. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2859-66. [PMID: 24964151 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is by far the most common and most malignant primary adult brain tumor (World Health Organization grade IV), containing a fraction of stem-like cells that are highly tumorigenic and multipotent. Recent research has revealed that GBM stem-like cells play important roles in GBM pathogenesis. GBM is thought to arise from genetic anomalies in glial development. Over the past decade, a wide range of studies have shown that several signaling pathways involved in neural development, including basic helix-loop-helix, Wnt-β-catenin, bone morphogenetic proteins-Smads, epidermal growth factor-epidermal growth factor receptor, and Notch, play important roles in GBM pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight the significance of these pathways in the context of developing treatments for GBM. Extrapolating knowledge and concepts from neural development will have significant implications for designing better strategies with which to treat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Province, China; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
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Paul I, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee A, Ghosh MK. Current Understanding on EGFR and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Glioma and Their Possible Crosstalk. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:427-46. [PMID: 24386505 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913503341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) are extensively heterogeneous at both cellular and molecular levels. Current therapeutic strategies include targeting of key signaling molecules using pharmacological inhibitors in combination with genotoxic agents such as temozolomide. In spite of all efforts, the prognosis of glioma patients remains dismal. Therefore, a proper understanding of individual molecular pathways responsible for the progression of GBM is necessary. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is probably the most significant signaling pathway clinically implicated in glioma. Not surprisingly, anti-EGFR therapies mostly prevail for therapeutic purposes. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is well implicated in multiple tumors; however, its role in glioma has only recently started to emerge. We give a concise account of the current understanding of the role of both these pathways in glioma. Last, taking evidences from a limited literature, we outline a number of points where these pathways intersect each other and put forward the possibility of combinatorially targeting them for treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Paul
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Seemana Bhattacharya
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Chatterjee
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Tumor suppressive miRNA-34a suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth of glioma stem cells by targeting Akt and Wnt signaling pathways. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:485-95. [PMID: 24944883 PMCID: PMC4060015 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-34a was decreased in both glioma and glioma stem cell-lines as compared to normal brain tissues. Glioma stem cell-lines HNGC-2 and NSG-K16 possess the mesenchymal glioblastoma phenotype. miR-34a over-expression in these cell lines decreased their proliferative and migratory potential, and induced apoptosis. Rictor, a part of the mTORC2 complex, is a novel target for miR-34a in glioma stem cells. The tumor suppressive function of miR-34a is mediated via Rictor and affects the AKT/mTOR pathway and Wnt signaling.
MiRNA-34a is considered as a potential prognostic marker for glioma, as studies suggest that its expression negatively correlates with patient survival in grade III and IV glial tumors. Here, we show that expression of miR-34a was decreased in a graded manner in glioma and glioma stem cell-lines as compared to normal brain tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-34a in glioma stem cell-lines HNGC-2 and NSG-K16 decreased the proliferative and migratory potential of these cells, induced cell cycle arrest and caused apoptosis. Notably, the miR-34a glioma cells formed significantly smaller xenografts in immuno-deficient mice as compared with control glioma stem cell-lines. Here, using a bioinformatics approach and various biological assays, we identify Rictor, as a novel target for miR-34a in glioma stem cells. Rictor, a defining component of mTORC2 complex, is involved in cell survival signaling. mTORC2 lays downstream of Akt, and thus is a direct activator of Akt. Our earlier studies have elaborated on role of Rictor in glioma invasion (Das et al., 2011). Here, we demonstrate that miR34a over-expression in glioma stem cells profoundly decreased levels of p-AKT (Ser473), increased GSK-3β levels and targeted for degradation β-catenin, an important mediator of Wnt signaling pathway. This led to diminished levels of the Wnt effectors cyclin D1 and c-myc. Collectively, we show that the tumor suppressive function of miR-34a in glioblastoma is mediated via Rictor, which through its effects on AKT/mTOR pathway and Wnt signaling causes pronounced effects on glioma malignancy.
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Key Words
- Beta-catenin
- CNS, central nervous system
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- EV, empty vector
- GBM, glioblastoma multiforme
- GIC, glioma initiating cell
- GSC, glioma stem cell
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β
- Glioblastoma
- Heterogeneity
- Mesenchymal
- NOD/SCID, nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency
- PARP, poly ADP-ribose polymerases
- PDGFRA, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α
- Rictor
- TCGA, the cancer genome atlas database
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real time PCR
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Phospho-GSK-3β is involved in the high-glucose-mediated lipid deposition in renal tubular cells in diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2066-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang L, You LS, Ni WM, Ma QL, Tong Y, Mao LP, Qian JJ, Jin J. β-Catenin and AKT are promising targets for combination therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1329-40. [PMID: 23867056 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we confirmed that combining HHT with ACR can result in synergistic cytotoxicity to AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Combining HHT and ACR simultaneously inhibited PI3K/AKT and WNT/β-catenin signaling in AML cells. Significant increases in growth inhibition and apoptosis were induced by an AKT inhibitor when the WNT3A gene of THP-1 cells was silenced. HHT+ACR could synergistically induce the apoptosis of CD34(+)/CD38(-) primary AML cells. These results highlight β-catenin and AKT are promising targets for combination therapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Atkins RJ, Stylli SS, Luwor RB, Kaye AH, Hovens CM. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and its dysregulation in glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:1185-92. [PMID: 23768967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring and devastating human brain malignancy, retaining almost universal mortality and a median survival of only 14 months, even with recent advances in multimodal treatments. Gliomas are characterised as being both highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy and highly invasive, rendering conventional interventions palliative. The continual dismal prognosis for GBM patients identifies an urgent need for the evolutionary development of new treatment modalities. This includes molecular targeted therapies as many signaling molecules and associated pathways have been implicated in the development and survival of malignant gliomas including the protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Here we review the activity and function of GSK-3β in a number of signaling pathways and its role in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Atkins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
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Müller R, Fischer C, Wilmes T, Heimrich B, Distel V, Klugbauer N, Meyer DK. Phosphoinositide-3-kinases p110α and p110β mediate S phase entry in astroglial cells in the marginal zone of rat neocortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:24. [PMID: 23504389 PMCID: PMC3596864 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In cells cultured from neocortex of newborn rats, phosphoinositide-3-kinases of class I regulate the DNA synthesis in a subgroup of astroglial cells. We have studied the location of these cells as well as the kinase isoforms which facilitate the S phase entry. Using dominant negative (dn) isoforms as well as selective pharmacological inhibitors we quantified S phase entry by nuclear labeling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Only in astroglial cells harvested from the marginal zone (MZ) of the neocortex inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinases reduced the nuclear labeling with BrdU, indicating that neocortical astroglial cells differ in the regulation of proliferation. The two kinase isoforms p110α and p110β were essential for S phase entry. p110α diminished the level of the p27Kip1 which inactivates the complex of cyclin E and CDK2 necessary for entry into the S phase. p110β phosphorylated and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β which can prevent S-phase entry. Taken together, both isoforms mediated S phase in a subgroup of neocortical astroglial cells and acted via distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Müller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology und Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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Miao CG, Huang C, Huang Y, Yang YY, He X, Zhang L, Lv XW, Jin Y, Li J. MeCP2 modulates the canonical Wnt pathway activation by targeting SFRP4 in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rats. Cell Signal 2012. [PMID: 23200852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) against common autoantigens that are widely expressed within and outside the joints. Many factors participate in the pathogenesis of RA, such as cytokine imbalance, Wnt pathway activation, matrix production, and osteoprotegerin on osteoclasts. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) activation has an important role in RA pathogenesis. The methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP2) which promoted repressed chromatin structure was selectively detected in synovium of diseased articular in rats. Overexpression of this protein results in an up-regulation of global methylation levels and transcriptional suppression of specific genes. There were increased MeCP2 and decreased secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) in synovium as well as the FLS isolated from the synovium of RA rats. Knockdown of MeCP2 using siRNA technique enhanced SFRP4 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in FLS. These results indicated that epigenetic modification was involved in differential expression of SFRP4. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, we hypothesized that the SFRP4 down-regulation in synovium was caused by DNA methylation. Treatment of FLS with DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azadC) blocked the cell proliferation and increased the SFRP4 expression. Increased SFRP4 down-regulated the key gene β-catenin, the downstream effectors gene ccnd1 and fibronectin expression in canonical Wnt pathway at the same time. MeCP2 and DNA methylation may provide molecular mechanisms for canonical Wnt pathway activation in RA. Combination of 5-azadC and MeCP2 may be a promising treatment strategy for individuals with RA in which SFRP4 is inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-gui Miao
- School of pharmacy, Anhui key laboratory of bioactivity of natural products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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