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Hawash M, Qneibi M, Natsheh H, Mohammed NH, Hamda LA, Kumar A, Olech B, Dominiak PM, Bdir S, Bdair M. Evaluating the Neuroprotective Potential of Novel Benzodioxole Derivatives in Parkinson's Disease via AMPA Receptor Modulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2334-2349. [PMID: 38747411 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a significant health issue because it gradually damages the nervous system. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors play a significant role in the development of PD. The current investigation employed hybrid benzodioxole-propanamide (BDZ-P) compounds to get information on AMPA receptors, analyze their biochemical and biophysical properties, and assess their neuroprotective effects. Examining the biophysical characteristics of all the subunits of the AMPA receptor offers insights into the impact of BDZ-P on the desensitization and deactivation rate. It demonstrates a partial improvement in the locomotor capacities in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. In addition, the in vivo experiment assessed the locomotor activity by utilizing the open-field test. Our findings demonstrated that BDZ-P7 stands out with its remarkable potency, inhibiting the GluA2 subunit nearly 8-fold with an IC50 of 3.03 μM, GluA1/2 by 7.5-fold with an IC50 of 3.14 μM, GluA2/3 by nearly 7-fold with an IC50 of 3.19 μM, and GluA1 by 6.5-fold with an IC50 of 3.2 μM, significantly impacting the desensitization and deactivation rate of the AMPA receptor. BDZ-P7 showed an in vivo impact of partially reinstating locomotor abilities in a mouse model of PD. The results above suggest that the BDZ-P7 compounds show great promise as top contenders for the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Hiba Natsheh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Noor Haj Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Lubaba Abu Hamda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Anil Kumar
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Olech
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Maria Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sosana Bdir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Bdair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P403, Nablus 00970, Palestine
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Lopes AR, Costa Silva DG, Rodrigues NR, Kemmerich Martins I, Paganotto Leandro L, Nunes MEM, Posser T, Franco J. Investigating the impact of Psidium guajava leaf hydroalcoholic extract in improving glutamatergic toxicity-induced oxidative stress in Danio rerio larvae. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:457-470. [PMID: 38576186 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2337366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate is one of the predominant excitatory neurotransmitters released from the central nervous system; however, at high concentrations, this substance may induce excitotoxicity. This phenomenon is involved in numerous neuropathologies. At present, clinically available pharmacotherapeutic agents to counteract glutamatergic excitotoxicity are not completely effective; therefore, research to develop novel compounds is necessary. In this study, the main objective was to determine the pharmacotherapeutic potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Psidium guajava (PG) in a model of oxidative stress-induced by exposure to glutamate utilizing Danio rerio larvae (zebrafish) as a model. Data showed that treatment with glutamate produced a significant increase in oxidative stress, chromatin damage, apoptosis, and locomotor dysfunction. All these effects were attenuated by pre-treatment with the classical antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Treatment with PG inhibited oxidative stress responsible for cellular damage induced by glutamate. However, exposure to PG failed to prevent glutamate-initiated locomotor damage. Our findings suggest that under conditions of oxidative stress, PG can be considered as a promising candidate for treatment of glutamatergic excitotoxicity and consequent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Rubim Lopes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Dennis Guilherme Costa Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathane Rosa Rodrigues
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia Compostos Bioativos - GBToxBio, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Illana Kemmerich Martins
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Paganotto Leandro
- Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica - PPGBTox, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauro Eugênio Medina Nunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais Posser
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Franco
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia - CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bäckström T, Doverskog M, Blackburn TP, Scharschmidt BF, Felipo V. Allopregnanolone and its antagonist modulate neuroinflammation and neurological impairment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105668. [PMID: 38608826 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation accompanies several brain disorders, either as a secondary consequence or as a primary cause and may contribute importantly to disease pathogenesis. Neurosteroids which act as Positive Steroid Allosteric GABA-A receptor Modulators (Steroid-PAM) appear to modulate neuroinflammation and their levels in the brain may vary because of increased or decreased local production or import from the systemic circulation. The increased synthesis of steroid-PAMs is possibly due to increased expression of the mitochondrial cholesterol transporting protein (TSPO) in neuroinflammatory tissue, and reduced production may be due to changes in the enzymatic activity. Microglia and astrocytes play an important role in neuroinflammation, and their production of inflammatory mediators can be both activated and inhibited by steroid-PAMs and GABA. What is surprising is the finding that both allopregnanolone, a steroid-PAM, and golexanolone, a novel GABA-A receptor modulating steroid antagonist (GAMSA), can inhibit microglia and astrocyte activation and normalize their function. This review focuses on the role of steroid-PAMs in neuroinflammation and their importance in new therapeutic approaches to CNS and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Wang Z, Li D, Chen M, Yu X, Chen C, Chen Y, Zhang L, Shu Y. A comprehensive study on the regulation of Compound Zaoren Granules on cAMP/CREB signaling pathway and metabolic disorder in CUMS-PCPA induced insomnia rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118401. [PMID: 38815875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Compound Zaoren Granules (CZG), an optimized herbal formulation based on the traditional Chinese medicine prescription Suanzaoren decoction, are designed specifically for insomnia treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy in treating insomnia are not yet fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The research investigated the mechanisms of CZG's improvement in insomnia by regulating cAMP/CREB signaling pathway and metabolic profiles. METHODS The main components of CZG were characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Subsequently, these validated components were applied to network pharmacological analysis to predict signaling pathways associated with insomnia. We evaluated the effect of CZG on BV-2 cells in vitro. We also evaluated the behavioral indexes of CUMS combined with PCPA induced insomnia in rats. HE staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the pathological damage of hippocampus. ELISA was used to detect the levels of various neurotransmitters, orexins, HPA axis, and inflammatory factors in insomnia rats. Then we detected the expression of cAMP/CREB signaling pathway through ELISA, WB, and IHC. Finally, the metabolomics was further analyzed by using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS to investigate the changes in the hippocampus of insomnia rats and the possible metabolic pathways were also speculated. RESULTS The results of CZG in vitro experiments showed that CZG has protective and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS induced BV-2 cells. A total of 161 chemical components were identified in CZG. After conducting network pharmacology analysis through these confirmed components, we select the cAMP/CREB signaling pathway for further investigate. The behavioral research results on insomnia rats showed that CZG significantly prolonged sleep time, mitigated brain tissue pathological damage, and exhibited liver protective properties. CZG treats insomnia by regulating the content of various neurotransmitters, reducing levels of orexin, HPA axis, and inflammatory factors. It can also treat insomnia by upregulating the expression of the cAMP/CREB signaling pathway. Hippocampus metabolomics analysis identified 69 differential metabolites associated with insomnia. The metabolic pathways related to these differential metabolites have also been predicted. CONCLUSION These results indicate that CZG can significantly prolong sleep time. CZG is used to treat insomnia by regulating various neurotransmitters, HPA axis, inflammatory factors, cAMP/CREB signaling pathways, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Danting Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Key laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaocong Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 210029, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, 210029, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yachun Shu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine & Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Province Seaside Rehabilitation Hospital, Lianyungang, 222042, China.
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Chen CM, Huang CY, Lai CH, Chen YC, Hwang YT, Lin CY. Neuroprotection effects of kynurenic acid-loaded micelles for the Parkinson's disease models. J Liposome Res 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38779944 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2346986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Anti-glutamatergic agents may have neuroprotective effects against excitotoxicity that is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). One of these agents is kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite, which is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist. However, its pharmacological properties of poor water solubility and limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability rules out its systemic administration in disorders affecting the central nervous system. Our aim in the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of KYNA-loaded micelles (KYNA-MICs) against PD in vitro and in vivo. Lipid-based micelles (MICs) in conjunction with KYNA drug delivery have the potential to enhance the penetration of therapeutic drugs into a diseased brain without BBB obstacles. KYNA-MICs were characterized by particle size (105.8 ± 12.1 nm), loading efficiency (78.3 ± 4.23%), and in vitro drug release (approximately 30% at 24 h). The in vitro experiments showed that KYNA-MICs effectively reduced 2-fold protein aggregation. The in vivo studies revealed that KYNA was successfully delivered by 5-fold increase in neurotoxin-induced PD brains. The results showed significant enhancement of KYNA delivery into brain. We also found that the KYNA-MICs exhibited several therapeutic effects. The KYNA-MICs reduced protein aggregation of an in vitro PD model, ameliorated motor functions, and prevented loss of the striatal neurons in a PD animal model. The beneficial effects of KYNA-MICs are probably explained by the anti-excitotoxic activity of the treatment's complex. As the KYNA-MICs did not induce any appreciable side-effects at the protective dose applied to a chronic PD mouse model, our results demonstrate that KYNA provides neuroprotection and attenuates PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Huang
- Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hui Lai
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hwang
- Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Vinokurov AY, Pogonyalova MY, Andreeva L, Abramov AY, Angelova PR. Energy substrate supplementation increases ATP levels and is protective to PD neurons. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100187. [PMID: 38841052 PMCID: PMC11150967 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alteration of mitochondrial metabolism by various mutations or toxins leads to various neurological conditions. Age-related changes in energy metabolism could also play the role of a trigger for neurodegenerative disorders. Nonetheless, it is not clear if restoration of ATP production or supplementation of brain cells with substrates for energy production could be neuroprotective. Using primary neurons and astrocytes, and neurons with familial forms of neurodegenerative disorders we studied whether various substrates of energy metabolism could improve mitochondrial metabolism and stimulate ATP production, and whether increased ATP levels could protect cells against glutamate excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration. We found that supplementation of neurons with several substrates, or combination thereof, for the TCA cycle and cellular respiration, and oxidative phosphorylation resulted in an increase in mitochondrial NADH level and in mitochondrial membrane potential and led to an increased level of ATP in neurons and astrocytes. Subsequently, these cells were protected against energy deprivation during ischemia or glutamate excitotoxicity. Provision of substrates for energy metabolism to cells with familial forms of Parkinson's disease also prevented triggering of cell death. Thus, restoration of energy metabolism and increase of ATP production can play neuroprotective role in neurodegeneration. A combination of a succinate salt of choline and nicotinamide provided the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Y. Vinokurov
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | | | | | - Andrey Y. Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
| | - Plamena R. Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
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Li CP, Wu S, Sun YQ, Peng XQ, Gong M, Du HZ, Zhang J, Teng ZQ, Wang N, Liu CM. Lhx2 promotes axon regeneration of adult retinal ganglion cells and rescues neurodegeneration in mouse models of glaucoma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101554. [PMID: 38729157 PMCID: PMC11148806 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) form the optic nerve, transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. Damage or loss of RGCs and their axons is the leading cause of visual functional defects in traumatic injury and degenerative diseases such as glaucoma. However, there are no effective clinical treatments for nerve damage in these neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that LIM homeodomain transcription factor Lhx2 promotes RGC survival and axon regeneration in multiple animal models mimicking glaucoma disease. Furthermore, following N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity damage of RGCs, Lhx2 mitigates the loss of visual signal transduction. Mechanistic analysis revealed that overexpression of Lhx2 supports axon regeneration by systematically regulating the transcription of regeneration-related genes and inhibiting transcription of Semaphorin 3C (Sema3C). Collectively, our studies identify a critical role of Lhx2 in promoting RGC survival and axon regeneration, providing a promising neural repair strategy for glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yong-Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xue-Qi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Maolei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
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Egunlusi AO, Joubert J. NMDA Receptor Antagonists: Emerging Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications in Neurological Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:639. [PMID: 38794209 PMCID: PMC11124131 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) include a range of chronic conditions characterized by progressive neuronal loss, leading to cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments. Common examples include Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The global prevalence of NDs is on the rise, imposing significant economic and social burdens. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms underlying NDs remain incompletely understood, hampering the development of effective treatments. Excitotoxicity, particularly glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, is a key pathological process implicated in NDs. Targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which plays a central role in excitotoxicity, holds therapeutic promise. However, challenges, such as blood-brain barrier penetration and adverse effects, such as extrapyramidal effects, have hindered the success of many NMDA receptor antagonists in clinical trials. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of NMDA receptor antagonists, emphasizing their structure, function, types, challenges, and future prospects in treating NDs. Despite extensive research on competitive and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists, the quest for effective treatments still faces significant hurdles. This is partly because the same NMDA receptor that necessitates blockage under pathological conditions is also responsible for the normal physiological function of NMDA receptors. Allosteric modulation of NMDA receptors presents a potential alternative, with the GluN2B subunit emerging as a particularly attractive target due to its enrichment in presynaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors, which are major contributors to excitotoxic-induced neuronal cell death. Despite their low side-effect profiles, selective GluN2B antagonists like ifenprodil and radiprodil have encountered obstacles such as poor bioavailability in clinical trials. Moreover, the selectivity of these antagonists is often relative, as they have been shown to bind to other GluN2 subunits, albeit minimally. Recent advancements in developing phenanthroic and naphthoic acid derivatives offer promise for enhanced GluN2B, GluN2A or GluN2C/GluN2D selectivity and improved pharmacodynamic properties. Additional challenges in NMDA receptor antagonist development include conflicting preclinical and clinical results, as well as the complexity of neurodegenerative disorders and poorly defined NMDA receptor subtypes. Although multifunctional agents targeting multiple degenerative processes are also being explored, clinical data are limited. Designing and developing selective GluN2B antagonists/modulators with polycyclic moieties and multitarget properties would be significant in addressing neurodegenerative disorders. However, advancements in understanding NMDA receptor structure and function, coupled with collaborative efforts in drug design, are imperative for realizing the therapeutic potential of these NMDA receptor antagonists/modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Olatunde Egunlusi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Jacques Joubert
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Liu L, Tian X, Li W. Mechanistic study of the anti-excitatory amino acid toxicity of Bushen Zhichan decoction for Parkinson's disease based on the transcriptional regulation of EAAT1 by YY1. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117857. [PMID: 38350506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen Zhichan decoction (BSZCF) is derived from Liuwei Dihuang Pill, a famous Chinese herbal formula recorded in the book Key to Therapeutics of Children's Diseases. It has been widely used as a basic prescription for nourishing and tonifying the liver and kidneys to treat Parkinson's disease (PD), but its mechanism remains to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY BSZCF, a Chinese herbal formula comprising five herbs: Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., Dioscorea oppositifolia L., Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc., Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson and Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight, is used clinically to treat PD. In vivo and in vitro experiments were designed to elucidate the mechanism of BSZCF in the protection of dopamine (DA) neurons and the treatment of PD. The toxicity of excitatory amino acids (EAA) may be attenuated by inhibiting the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and up-regulating the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1). MATERIALS AND METHODS IN VIVO: After 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was intraperitoneally injected into specific pathogen free (SPF) C57BL/6J mice, model mice were intragastrically given adamantane hydrochloride tablets (AHT) or different doses of BSZCF for 14 days. Both open field and pole-climbing tests were conducted to assess behavioral changes. In vitro: 1-Methyl-4-phe-nylpyridiniumiodide (MPP+)-injured human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were utilized to construct PD cell models. Primary astrocytes were transfected with EAAT1 and YY1 lentiviruses for EAAT1 gene knockout and YY1 gene knockout astrocytes, respectively. The high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of BSZCF was performed to control the quality of blood drugs. The optimal concentration and time of PD cell models treated by BSZCF were determined by the use of Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for measuring glutamate (Glu) in the peripheral blood and cells of each group. Western blotting (WB) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to detect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporters (DAT), EAAT1 and YY1 protein and mRNA. After the blockade of EAAT1, immunofluorescence (IF) assay was used to detect the TH protein in each group. RESULTS In vivo research showed that BSZCF improved the behavioral symptoms of PD mice, and reduced the death of DA neurons and the level of Glu. The mechanism may be related to the decrease of YY1 expression and the increase of EAAT1 levels. In vitro experiments showed that the anti-excitatory amino acid toxicity of BSZCF was achieved by inhibiting YY1 expression and regulating EAAT1. CONCLUSIONS By inhibiting YY1 to increase the expression of EAAT1 and attenuating the toxicity of Glu, BSZCF exerts the effect of protecting DA neurons and treating PD-like symptoms in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xinyun Tian
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wentao Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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Lu HJ, Guo D, Wei QQ. Potential of Neuroinflammation-Modulating Strategies in Tuberculous Meningitis: Targeting Microglia. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1255-1276. [PMID: 37196131 PMCID: PMC11081169 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe complication of tuberculosis (TB) and is associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the infectious agent of TB, disseminates from the respiratory epithelium, breaks through the blood-brain barrier, and establishes a primary infection in the meninges. Microglia are the core of the immune network in the central nervous system (CNS) and interact with glial cells and neurons to fight against harmful pathogens and maintain homeostasis in the brain through pleiotropic functions. However, M. tb directly infects microglia and resides in them as the primary host for bacillus infections. Largely, microglial activation slows disease progression. The non-productive inflammatory response that initiates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines may be neurotoxic and aggravate tissue injuries based on damages caused by M. tb. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is an emerging strategy for modulating host immune responses against diverse diseases. Recent studies have shown that HDT can control neuroinflammation in TBM and act as an adjunct therapy to antibiotic treatment. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of microglia in TBM and potential host-directed TB therapies that target microglia to treat TBM. We also discuss the limitations of applying each HDT and suggest a course of action for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Jun Lu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daji Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qi Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Tibet Military Command, Xizang, China
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11
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González-Cota AL, Martínez-Flores D, Rosendo-Pineda MJ, Vaca L. NMDA receptor-mediated Ca 2+ signaling: Impact on cell cycle regulation and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102856. [PMID: 38408411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
NMDA receptors are Ca2+-permeable ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast excitatory transmission in the central nervous system. NMDA receptors regulate the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells and also play critical roles in neural plasticity, memory, and learning. In addition to their physiological role, NMDA receptors are also involved in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which results from excessive glutamate stimulation, leading to Ca2+ overload, and ultimately to neuronal death. Thus, NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, dementia, and stroke. Interestingly, in addition to its effects on cell death, aberrant expression or activation of NMDA receptors is also involved in pathological cellular proliferation, and is implicated in the invasion and proliferation of various types of cancer. These disorders are thought to be related to the contribution of NMDA receptors to cell proliferation and cell death through cell cycle modulation. This review aims to discuss the evidence implicating NMDA receptor activity in cell cycle regulation and the link between aberrant NMDA receptor activity and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer due to cell cycle dysregulation. The information presented here will provide insights into the signaling pathways and the contribution of NMDA receptors to these diseases, and suggests that NMDA receptors are promising targets for the prevention and treatment of these diseases, which are leading causes of death and disability worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L González-Cota
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel Martínez-Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Margarita Jacaranda Rosendo-Pineda
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis Vaca
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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12
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Matus V, Castro-Guarda M, Cárcamo-Fierro J, Morera FJ, Zambrano A. Interleukin 3 Inhibits Glutamate-Cytotoxicity in Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1373-1386. [PMID: 38512424 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a well-known pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, triggering classical signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, Ras/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt to carry out its functions. Interestingly, the IL-3 receptor is also expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, playing a crucial role in cell survival. Our previous research demonstrated the expression of the IL-3 receptor in neuron cells and its protective role in neurodegeneration. Glutamate, a principal neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, can induce cellular stress and lead to neurotoxicity when its extracellular concentrations surpass normal levels. This excessive glutamate presence is frequently observed in various neurological diseases. In this study, we uncover the protective role of IL-3 as an inhibitor of glutamate-induced cell death, analyzing the cytokine's signaling pathways during its protective effect. Specifically, we examined the relevance of JAK/STAT, Ras/MAPK, and PI3 K signaling pathways in the molecular mechanism triggered by IL-3. Our results show that the inhibition of JAK, ERK, and PI3 K signaling pathways, using pharmacological inhibitors, effectively blocked IL-3's protective role against glutamate-induced cell death. Additionally, our findings suggest that Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may be involved in the molecular mechanism triggered by IL-3. Our investigation into IL-3's ability to protect neuronal cells from glutamate-induced damage offers a promising therapeutic avenue with potential clinical implications for several neurological diseases characterized by glutamate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Matus
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Joaquín Cárcamo-Fierro
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angara Zambrano
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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13
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Yang XM, Yu H, Li JX, Li N, Li C, Xu DH, Zhang H, Fang TH, Wang SJ, Yan PY, Han BB. Excitotoxic Storms of Ischemic Stroke: A Non-neuronal Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04184-7. [PMID: 38662299 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Numerous neurological disorders share a fatal pathologic process known as glutamate excitotoxicity. Among which, ischemic stroke is the major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. For a long time, the main idea of developing anti-excitotoxic neuroprotective agents was to block glutamate receptors. Despite this, there has been little successful clinical translation to date. After decades of "neuron-centered" views, a growing number of studies have recently revealed the importance of non-neuronal cells. Glial cells, cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, blood cells, and so forth are extensively engaged in glutamate synthesis, release, reuptake, and metabolism. They also express functional glutamate receptors and can listen and respond for fast synaptic transmission. This broadens the thoughts of developing excitotoxicity antagonists. In this review, the critical contribution of non-neuronal cells in glutamate excitotoxicity during ischemic stroke will be emphasized in detail, and the latest research progress as well as corresponding therapeutic strategies will be updated at length, aiming to reconceptualize glutamate excitotoxicity in a non-neuronal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Han Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-He Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei-Yu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China.
- Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing-Bing Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Wang W, Pan D, Liu Q, Chen X, Wang S. L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1232. [PMID: 38674921 PMCID: PMC11055039 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE L-carnitine (LC), a vital nutritional supplement, plays a crucial role in myocardial health and exhibits significant cardioprotective effects. LC, being the principal constituent of clinical-grade supplements, finds extensive application in the recovery and treatment of diverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. However, controversies persist regarding the utilization of LC in nervous system diseases, with varying effects observed across numerous mental and neurological disorders. This article primarily aims to gather and analyze database information to comprehensively summarize the therapeutic potential of LC in patients suffering from nervous system diseases while providing valuable references for further research. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web Of Science, Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrials.gov databases. The literature pertaining to the impact of LC supplementation on neurological or psychiatric disorders in patients was reviewed up until November 2023. No language or temporal restrictions were imposed on the search. RESULTS A total of 1479 articles were retrieved, and after the removal of duplicates through both automated and manual exclusion processes, 962 articles remained. Subsequently, a meticulous re-screening led to the identification of 60 relevant articles. Among these, there were 12 publications focusing on hepatic encephalopathy (HE), while neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and peripheral nervous system diseases (PNSDs) were represented by 9 and 6 articles, respectively. Additionally, stroke was addressed in five publications, whereas Raynaud's syndrome (RS) and cognitive disorder (CD) each had three dedicated studies. Furthermore, migraine, depression, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) each accounted for two publications. Lastly, one article was found for other symptoms under investigation. CONCLUSION In summary, LC has demonstrated favorable therapeutic effects in the management of HE, Alzheimer's disease (AD), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), CD, migraine, neurofibromatosis (NF), PNSDs, RS, and stroke. However, its efficacy appears to be relatively limited in conditions such as ALS, ataxia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Down syndrome (DS), and sciatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.W.); (D.P.); (X.C.)
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.W.); (D.P.); (X.C.)
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China;
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.W.); (D.P.); (X.C.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China;
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.W.); (D.P.); (X.C.)
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China;
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15
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Wong W, Sari Y. Effects of Hydrocodone Overdose and Ceftriaxone on Astrocytic Glutamate Transporters and Glutamate Receptors, and Associated Signaling in Nucleus Accumbens as well as Locomotor Activity in C57/BL Mice. Brain Sci 2024; 14:361. [PMID: 38672013 PMCID: PMC11048659 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic opioid treatments dysregulate the glutamatergic system, inducing a hyperglutamatergic state in mesocorticolimbic brain regions. This study investigated the effects of exposure to hydrocodone overdose on locomotor activity, expression of target proteins related to the glutamatergic system, signaling kinases, and neuroinflammatory factors in the nucleus accumbens. The locomotor activity of mice was measured using the Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS). CLAMS data showed that exposure to hydrocodone overdose increased locomotion activity in mice. This study tested ceftriaxone, known to upregulate major glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), in mice exposed to an overdose of hydrocodone. Thus, ceftriaxone normalized hydrocodone-induced hyperlocomotion activity in mice. Furthermore, exposure to hydrocodone overdose downregulated GLT-1, cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity (p-ERK/ERK) expression in the nucleus accumbens. However, exposure to an overdose of hydrocodone increased metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity (p-nNOS/nNOS), and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression in the nucleus accumbens. Importantly, ceftriaxone treatment attenuated hydrocodone-induced upregulation of mGluR5, p-nNOS/nNOS, and RAGE, as well as hydrocodone-induced downregulation of GLT-1, xCT, and p-ERK/ERK expression. These data demonstrated that exposure to hydrocodone overdose can cause dysregulation of the glutamatergic system, neuroinflammation, hyperlocomotion activity, and the potential therapeutic role of ceftriaxone in attenuating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
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16
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Vongthip W, Nilkhet S, Boonruang K, Sukprasansap M, Tencomnao T, Baek SJ. Neuroprotective mechanisms of luteolin in glutamate-induced oxidative stress and autophagy-mediated neuronal cell death. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7707. [PMID: 38565590 PMCID: PMC10987666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and loss, pose significant health challenges. Glutamate accumulation contributes to neuronal cell death in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of Albizia lebbeck leaf extract and its major constituent, luteolin, against glutamate-induced hippocampal neuronal cell death. Glutamate-treated HT-22 cells exhibited reduced viability, altered morphology, increased ROS, and apoptosis, which were attenuated by pre-treatment with A. lebbeck extract and luteolin. Luteolin also restored mitochondrial function, decreased mitochondrial superoxide, and preserved mitochondrial morphology. Notably, we first found that luteolin inhibited the excessive process of mitophagy via the inactivation of BNIP3L/NIX and inhibited lysosomal activity. Our study suggests that glutamate-induced autophagy-mediated cell death is attenuated by luteolin via activation of mTORC1. These findings highlight the potential of A. lebbeck as a neuroprotective agent, with luteolin inhibiting glutamate-induced neurotoxicity by regulating autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudtipong Vongthip
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sunita Nilkhet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kanokkan Boonruang
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Monruedee Sukprasansap
- Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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17
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Gan Z, Guo Y, Zhao M, Ye Y, Liao Y, Liu B, Yin J, Zhou X, Yan Y, Yin Y, Ren W. Excitatory amino acid transporter supports inflammatory macrophage responses. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00211-1. [PMID: 38614854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are responsible for excitatory amino acid transportation and are associated with auto-immune diseases in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. However, the subcellular location and function of EAAT2 in macrophages are still obscure. In this study, we demonstrated that LPS stimulation increases expression of EAAT2 (coded by Slc1a2) via NF-κB signaling. EAAT2 is necessary for inflammatory macrophage polarization through sustaining mTORC1 activation. Mechanistically, lysosomal EAAT2 mediates lysosomal glutamate and aspartate efflux to maintain V-ATPase activation, which sustains macropinocytosis and mTORC1. We also found that mice with myeloid depletion of Slc1a2 show alleviated inflammatory responses in LPS-induced systemic inflammation and high-fat diet induced obesity. Notably, patients with type II diabetes (T2D) have a higher level of expression of lysosomal EAAT2 and activation of mTORC1 in blood macrophages. Taken together, our study links the subcellular location of amino acid transporters with the fate decision of immune cells, which provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhending Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuexia Liao
- School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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18
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Sánchez-Cano F, Hernández-Kelly LC, Ortega A. Silica Nanoparticles Decrease Glutamate Uptake in Blood-Brain Barrier Components. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:20. [PMID: 38436780 PMCID: PMC10912144 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory amino acid in the vertebrate brain, playing an important role in most brain functions. It exerts its activity through plasma membrane receptors and transporters, expressed both in neurons and glia cells. Overstimulation of neuronal glutamate receptors is linked to cell death in a process known as excitotoxicity, that is prevented by the efficient removal of the neurotransmitter through glutamate transporters enriched in the glia plasma membrane and in the components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications and directed to enter the circulatory system; however, little is known about the potential adverse effects of SiO2-NPs exposure on the BBB transport systems that support the critical isolation function between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral circulation. In this contribution, we investigated the plausible SiO2-NPs-mediated disruption of the glutamate transport system expressed by BBB cell components. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of SiO2-NPs on human brain endothelial (HBEC) and Uppsala 87 Malignant glioma (U-87MG) cell lines. Transport kinetics were evaluated, and the exposure effect of SiO2-NPs on glutamate transport activity was determined in both cell lines. Exposure of the cells to different SiO2-NP concentrations (0.4, 4.8, 10, and 20 µg/ml) and time periods (3 and 6 h) did not affect cell viability. We found that the radio-labeled D-aspartate ([3H]-D-Asp) uptake is mostly sodium-dependent, and downregulated by its own substrate (glutamate). Furthermore, SiO2-NPs exposure on endothelial and astrocytes decreases [3H]-D-Asp uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, a decrease in the transporter catalytic efficiency, probably linked to a diminution in the affinity of the transporter, was detected upon SiO2-NPs. These results favor the notion that exposure to SiO2-NPs could disrupt BBB function and by these means shed some light into our understanding of the deleterious effects of air pollution on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Sánchez-Cano
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07300 CDMX, México
| | - Luisa C Hernández-Kelly
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07300 CDMX, México
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07300 CDMX, México.
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19
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Liu W, Jia M, Zhang K, Chen J, Zhu X, Li R, Xu Z, Zang Y, Wang Y, Pan J, Ma D, Yang J, Wang D. Increased A1 astrocyte activation-driven hippocampal neural network abnormality mediates delirium-like behavior in aged mice undergoing cardiac surgery. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14074. [PMID: 38155547 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Delirium is the most common neurological complication after cardiac surgery with adverse impacts on surgical outcomes. Advanced age is an independent risk factor for delirium occurrence but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Although increased A1 astrocytes and abnormal hippocampal networks are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, whether A1 astrocytes and hippocampal network changes are involved in the delirium-like behavior of aged mice remains unknown. In the present study, a mice model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion mimicking cardiac surgery and various assessments were used to investigate the different susceptibility of the occurrence of delirium-like behavior between young and aged mice and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that surgery significantly increased hippocampal A1 astrocyte activation in aged compared to young mice. The high neuroinflammatory state induced by surgery resulted in glutamate accumulation in the extrasynaptic space, which subsequently decreased the excitability of pyramidal neurons and increased the PV interneurons inhibition through enhancing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors' tonic currents in the hippocampus. These further induced the abnormal activities of the hippocampal neural networks and consequently contributed to delirium-like behavior in aged mice. Notably, the intraperitoneal administration of exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, downregulated A1 astrocyte activation and alleviated delirium-like behavior in aged mice, while IL-1α, TNF-α, and C1q in combination administered intracerebroventricularly upregulated A1 astrocyte activation and induced delirium-like behavior in young mice. Therefore, our study suggested that cardiac surgery increased A1 astrocyte activation which subsequently impaired the hippocampal neural networks and triggered delirium development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keyin Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruisha Li
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenjun Xu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyu Zang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yapeng Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- Perioperative and Systems Medicine Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Jacquemyn J, Ralhan I, Ioannou MS. Driving factors of neuronal ferroptosis. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00022-9. [PMID: 38395733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an oxidative form of iron-dependent cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides on membranes. Iron and lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for this process. Ferroptosis is central to several neurological diseases and underlies the importance of balanced iron and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the brain, particularly in neurons. Here, we reflect on the potential links between neuronal physiology and the accumulation of iron and peroxidated lipids, the mechanisms neurons use to protect themselves from ferroptosis, and the relationship between pathogenic protein deposition and ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disease. We propose that the unique physiology of neurons makes them especially vulnerable to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jacquemyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Isha Ralhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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21
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Feng L, Dai S, Zhang C, Zhang W, Zhu W, Wang C, He Y, Song W. Ripa-56 protects retinal ganglion cells in glutamate-induced retinal excitotoxic model of glaucoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3834. [PMID: 38360971 PMCID: PMC10869350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a prevalent cause of blindness globally, characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Among various factors, glutamate excitotoxicity stands out as a significant contributor of RGCs loss in glaucoma. Our study focused on Ripa-56 and its protective effect against NMDA-induced retinal damage in mice, aiming to delve into the potential underlying mechanism. The R28 cells were categorized into four groups: glutamate (Glu), Glu + Ripa-56, Ripa-56 and Control group. After 24 h of treatment, cell death was assessed by PI / Hoechst staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential changes, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analyzed using flow cytometry. The alterations in the expression of RIP-1, p-MLKL, Bcl-2, BAX, Caspase-3, Gpx4 and SLC7A11 were examined using western blot analysis. C57BL/6j mice were randomly divided into NMDA, NMDA + Ripa-56, Ripa-56 and control groups. Histological changes in the retina were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RGCs survival and the protein expression changes of RIP-1, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Gpx4 and SLC7A11 were observed using immunofluorescence. Ripa-56 exhibited a significant reduction in the levels of RIP-1, p-MLKL, Caspase-3, and BAX induced by glutamate, while promoting the expression of Bcl-2, Gpx-4, and SLC7A1 in the Ripa-56-treated group. In our study, using an NMDA-induced normal tension glaucoma mice model, we employed immunofluorescence and H&E staining to observe that Ripa-56 treatment effectively ameliorated retinal ganglion cell loss, mitigating the decrease in retinal ganglion cell layer and bipolar cell layer thickness caused by NMDA. In this study, we have observed that Ripa-56 possesses remarkable anti- necroptotic, anti-apoptotic and anti-ferroptosis properties. It demonstrates the ability to combat not only glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in R28 cells, but also NMDA-induced retinal excitotoxicity in mice. Therefore, Ripa-56 could be used as a potential retinal protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemeng Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wulong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye He
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitao Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Wang P, Huang Y, Sun B, Chen H, Ma Y, Liu Y, Yang T, Jin H, Qiao Y, Cao Y. Folic acid blocks ferroptosis induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion through regulating folate hydrolase transcriptional adaptive program. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109528. [PMID: 37979712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is notably linked with folic acid (FA) deficiency. The aim of our investigation was to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms by which FA mitigates I/R, specifically through regulating the GCPII transcriptional adaptive program. Initially, we discovered that following cerebral I/R, levels of FA, methionine synthase (MTR), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) were decreased, while GCPII expression was elevated. Secondly, administering FA could mitigate cognitive impairment and neuronal damage induced by I/R. Thirdly, the mechanism of FA supplementation involved suppressing the transcriptional factor Sp1, subsequently inhibiting GCPII transcription, reducing Glu content, obstructing cellular ferroptosis, and alleviating cerebral I/R injury. In summary, our data demonstrate that FA affords protection against cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting the GCPII transcriptional adaptive response. These findings unveil that targeting GCPII might be a viable therapeutic strategy for cerebral I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yangyang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Buxun Sun
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongpeng Chen
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - YiFan Ma
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbo Jin
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuandong Qiao
- Department of Genetics, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yongggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
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Li H, Zeng F, Huang C, Pu Q, Thomas ER, Chen Y, Li X. The potential role of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14411. [PMID: 37577934 PMCID: PMC10848100 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, which can cause progressive deterioration of motor function causing muscle stiffness, tremor, and bradykinesia. In this review, we hope to describe approaches that can improve the life of PD patients through modifications of energy metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS The main pathological features of PD are the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and the production of Lewy bodies. Abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) leading to the formation of Lewy bodies is closely associated with neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. The main causes of PD are said to be mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregation. Presence of abnormal energy metabolism is another cause of PD. Many studies have found significant differences between neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic decompensation, which has become a biological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. SUMMARY In this review, we highlight the relationship between abnormal energy metabolism (Glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism) and PD. Improvement of key molecules in glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, and amino acid metabolism (e.g., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, triglycerides, and levodopa) might be potentially beneficial in PD. Some of these metabolic indicators may serve well during the diagnosis of PD. In addition, modulation of these metabolic pathways may be a potential target for the treatment and prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Qiqi Pu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Department of DermatologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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24
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Rymbai E, Roy D, Jupudi S, Srinivasadesikan V. The identification of c-Abl inhibitors as potential agents for Parkinson's disease: a preliminary in silico approach. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10796-3. [PMID: 38273156 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder worldwide. PD is primarily associated with the mutation, overexpression, and phosphorylation of α-synuclein. At the molecular level, the upstream protein c-Abl, a tyrosine kinase, has been shown to regulate α-synuclein activation and expression patterns. This study aimed to identify potential c-Abl inhibitors through in silico approaches. Molecular docking was performed using PyRx software, followed by Prime MM-GBSA studies. BBB permeability and toxicity were predicted using CBligand and ProTox-II, respectively. ADME was assessed using QikProp. Molecular dynamics were carried out using Desmond (Academic version). DFT calculations were performed using the Gaussian 16 suite program. The binding scores of the top hits, norimatinib, DB07326, and entinostat were - 11.8 kcal/mol, - 11.8 kcal/mol, and - 10.8 kcal/mol, respectively. These hits displayed drug-likeness with acceptable ADME properties, except for the standard, nilotinib, which violated Lipinski's rule of five. Similarly, the molecular dynamics showed that the top hits remained stable during the 100 ns simulation. DFT results indicate DB04739 as a potent reactive hit. While based on toxicity prediction, entinostat may be a potential candidate for preclinical and clinical testing in PD. Further studies are warranted to confirm the activity and efficacy of these ligands for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emdormi Rymbai
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dhritiman Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Srikanth Jupudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Srinivasadesikan
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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25
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Deng S, Guo A, Huang Z, Guan K, Zhu Y, Chan C, Gui J, Song C, Li X. The exploration of neuroinflammatory mechanism by which CRHR2 deficiency induced anxiety disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 128:110844. [PMID: 37640149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and triggers glial neuroinflammatory phenotypes, which reduces monoamine neurotransmitters by activating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme. These changes can induce psychiatric diseases, including anxiety. Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) in the HPA axis is involved in the etiology of anxiety. Omega(n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can attenuate anxiety through anti-inflammation and HPA axis modulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by CRHR2 modulates anxiety and its correlation with neuroinflammation remain unclear. Here, we first constructed a crhr2 zebrafish mutant line, and evaluated anxiety-like behaviors, gene expression associated with the HPA axis, neuroinflammatory response, neurotransmitters, and PUFAs profile in crhr2+/+ and crhr2-/- zebrafish. The crhr2 deficiency decreased cortisol levels and up-regulated crhr1 and down-regulated crhb, crhbp, ucn3l and proopiomelanocortin a (pomc a) in zebrafish. Interestingly, a significant increase in the neuroinflammatory markers, translocator protein (TSPO) and the activation of microglia M1 phenotype (CD11b) were found in crhr2-/- zebrafish. As a consequence, the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor, and astrocyte A1 phenotype c3 were up-regulated. While microglia anti-inflammatory phenotype (CD206), central anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4, arginase-1, and transforming growth factor-β were downregulated. In parallel, crhr2-deficient zebrafish showed an upregulation of vdac1 protein, a TSPO ligand, and its downstream caspase-3. Furthermore, 5-HT/5-HIAA ratio was decreased and n-3 PUFAs deficiency was identified in crhr2-/- zebrafish. In conclusion, anxiety-like behavior displayed by crhr2-deficient zebrafish may be caused by the HPA axis dysfunction and enhanced neuroinflammation, which resulted in n-3 PUFAs and monoamine neurotransmitter reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Deng
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Anqi Guo
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheekai Chan
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jianfang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Pareek A, Pareek A, Jain V, Sonia S, Farooqui Z, Kaur R, Singh G. Advancements in Genetic and Biochemical Insights: Unraveling the Etiopathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38254673 PMCID: PMC10813470 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, which is primarily characterized by motor impairments. Even though multiple hypotheses have been proposed over the decades that explain the pathogenesis of PD, presently, there are no cures or promising preventive therapies for PD. This could be attributed to the intricate pathophysiology of PD and the poorly understood molecular mechanism. To address these challenges comprehensively, a thorough disease model is imperative for a nuanced understanding of PD's underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review offers a detailed analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, with a particular emphasis on the roles played by gene-based factors in the disease's development and progression. This study includes an extensive discussion of the proteins and mutations of primary genes that are linked to PD, including α-synuclein, GBA1, LRRK2, VPS35, PINK1, DJ-1, and Parkin. Further, this review explores plausible mechanisms for DAergic neural loss, non-motor and non-dopaminergic pathologies, and the risk factors associated with PD. The present study will encourage the related research fields to understand better and analyze the current status of the biochemical mechanisms of PD, which might contribute to the design and development of efficacious and safe treatment strategies for PD in future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sonia Sonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India;
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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Lv Y, Wen L, Hu WJ, Deng C, Ren HW, Bao YN, Su BW, Gao P, Man ZY, Luo YY, Li CJ, Xiang ZX, Wang B, Luan ZL. Schizophrenia in the genetic era: a review from development history, clinical features and genomic research approaches to insights of susceptibility genes. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:147-171. [PMID: 37542622 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world population and ranks as one of the disorders providing the most severe burden for society. Schizophrenia etiology remains obscure involving multi-risk factors, such as genetic, environmental, nutritional, and developmental factors. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. This review provides an overview of the historical origins, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, clinical symptoms and corresponding treatment of schizophrenia. In addition, as schizophrenia is a polygenic, genetic disorder caused by the combined action of multiple micro-effective genes, we further detail several approaches, such as candidate gene association study (CGAS) and genome-wide association study (GWAS), which are commonly used in schizophrenia genomics studies. A number of GWASs about schizophrenia have been performed with the hope to identify novel, consistent and influential risk genetic factors. Finally, some schizophrenia susceptibility genes have been identified and reported in recent years and their biological functions are also listed. This review may serve as a summary of past research on schizophrenia genomics and susceptibility genes (NRG1, DISC1, RELN, BDNF, MSI2), which may point the way to future schizophrenia genetics research. In addition, depending on the above discovery of susceptibility genes and their exact function, the development and application of antipsychotic drugs will be promoted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lv
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lin Wen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wen-Juan Hu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Chong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Hui-Wen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ya-Nan Bao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Bo-Wei Su
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zi-Yue Man
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yi-Yang Luo
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Xiang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Central hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Zhi-Lin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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28
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Wang T, Gao L, Tan J, Zhuoma D, Yuan R, Li B, Huang S. The Neuroprotective Effect of Sophocarpine against Glutamate-Induced HT22 Cell Cytotoxicity. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:359-370. [PMID: 38433000 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death and dysfunction of the central nervous system can be caused by oxidative stress, which is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Sophocarpine, an alkaloid compound derived from Sophora moorcroftiana (Benth.) Baker seeds, has a wide range of medicinal value. This study sought to determine how sophocarpine exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse hippocampus neuronal (HT22) cells. 20mM glutamate-induced HT22 cells were used to develop an in vitro model of oxidative stress damage. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to assess cell viability. According to the instructions on the kits to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and oxidative stress indicators. HT22 cells were examined using immunofluorescence and Western Blotting to detect Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. The expression of proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was examined by Western Blotting and Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Cell apoptosis were used by 5, 5', 6, 6'-Tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC- 1) kit and Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay kit, respectively. Finally, the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins was detected by Western Blotting. The result demonstrated that sophocarpine (1.25 μM-10 μM) can significantly inhibit glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Sophocarpine increased the expression of HO-1 protein and mRNA and the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 to play a cytoprotective role; however, cells were transfected with small interfering RNA targeting HO-1 (si-HO-1) reversed the above effects of sophocarpine. In addition, sophocarpine significantly inhibited glutamate induced mitochondrial depolarization and further inhibited cell apoptosis by reducing the expression level of caspase-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology
| | - Jiahua Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology
| | - Dongzhi Zhuoma
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Tibet University
| | - Ruiying Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Tibet University
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Tibet University
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology
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Sharma T, Kumar R, Mukherjee S. Neuronal Vulnerability to Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease and Therapeutic Approaches. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:715-730. [PMID: 37185323 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230426155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite the crucial threat it poses, currently, no specific therapy exists that can completely reverse or halt the progression of the disease. Parkinson's disease pathology is driven by neurodegeneration caused by the intraneuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Parkinson's disease is a multiorgan disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) as well as the autonomic nervous system. A bidirectional route of spreading α-syn from the gut to CNS through the vagus nerve and vice versa has also been reported. Despite our understanding of the molecular and pathophysiological aspects of Parkinson's disease, many questions remain unanswered regarding the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations, the neuromodulatory role of the locus coeruleus, and alpha-synuclein aggregation. This review article aims to describe the probable factors that contribute to selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease, such as genetic predisposition, bioenergetics, and the physiology of neurons, as well as the interplay of environmental and exogenous modulators. This review also highlights various therapeutic strategies with cell transplants, through viral gene delivery, by targeting α-synuclein and aquaporin protein or epidermal growth factor receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The application of regenerative medicine and patient-specific personalized approaches have also been explored as promising strategies in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sayali Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Elmetwalli A, Nageh A, Youssef AI, Youssef M, Ahmed MAER, Noreldin AE, El-Sewedy T. Ammonia scavenger and glutamine synthetase inhibitors cocktail in targeting mTOR/β-catenin and MMP-14 for nitrogen homeostasis and liver cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 41:38. [PMID: 38157146 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The glutamine synthetase (GS) facilitates cancer cell growth by catalyzing de novo glutamine synthesis. This enzyme removes ammonia waste from the liver following the urea cycle. Since cancer development is associated with dysregulated urea cycles, there has been no investigation of GS's role in ammonia clearance. Here, we demonstrate that, although GS expression is increased in the setting of β-catenin oncogenic activation, it is insufficient to clear the ammonia waste burden due to the dysregulated urea cycle and may thus be unable to prevent cancer formation. In vivo study, a total of 165 male Swiss albino mice allocated in 11 groups were used, and liver cancer was induced by p-DAB. The activity of GS was evaluated along with the relative expression of mTOR, β-catenin, MMP-14, and GS genes in liver samples and HepG2 cells using qRT-PCR. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the NH3 scavenger phenyl acetate (PA) and/or GS-inhibitor L-methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and the migratory potential of cells was assessed by MTT and wound healing assays, respectively. The Swiss target prediction algorithm was used to screen the mentioned compounds for probable targets. The treatment of the HepG2 cell line with PA plus MSO demonstrated strong cytotoxicity. The post-scratch remaining wound area (%) in the untreated HepG2 cells was 2.0%. In contrast, the remaining wound area (%) in the cells treated with PA, MSO, and PA + MSO for 48 h was 61.1, 55.8, and 78.5%, respectively. The combination of the two drugs had the greatest effect, resulting in the greatest decrease in the GS activity, β-catenin, and mTOR expression. MSO and PA are both capable of suppressing mTOR, a key player in the development of HCC, and MMP-14, a key player in the development of HCC. PA inhibited the MMP-14 enzyme more effectively than MSO, implying that PA might be a better way to target HCC as it inhibited MMP-14 more effectively than MSO. A large number of abnormal hepatocytes (5%) were found to be present in the HCC mice compared to mice in the control group as determined by the histopathological lesions scores. In contrast, PA, MSO, and PA + MSO showed a significant reduction in the hepatic lesions score either when protecting the liver or when treating the liver. The molecular docking study indicated that PA and MSO form a three-dimensional structure with NF-κB and COX-II, blocking their ability to promote cancer and cause gene mutations. PA and MSO could be used to manipulate GS activities to modulate ammonia levels, thus providing a potential treatment for ammonia homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Elmetwalli
- Department of Clinical Trial Research Unit and Drug Discovery, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Mansoura, Egypt.
- Microbiology Division, Higher Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Egyptian Liver Research Institute and Hospital (ELRIAH), Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Aly Nageh
- Fertility and Assisted Reproductive Techniques Unit, International Teaching Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amany I Youssef
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Magda Youssef
- Department of Histochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Military Medical Academy, Alexandria Armed Forces Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Tarek El-Sewedy
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Sharma H, Sharma N, An SSA. Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus ( Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents. Nutrients 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201932 PMCID: PMC10780653 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps, also known as "zombie fungus", is a non-poisonous mushroom that parasitizes insects for growth and development by manipulating the host system in a way that makes the victim behave like a "zombie". These species produce promising bioactive metabolites, like adenosine, β-glucans, cordycepin, and ergosterol. Cordyceps has been used in traditional medicine due to its immense health benefits, as it boosts stamina, appetite, immunity, longevity, libido, memory, and sleep. Neuronal loss is the typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neurotrauma. Both these conditions share common pathophysiological features, like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Cordyceps bioactives (adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol, active peptides, and polysaccharides) exert potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and display beneficial effects in the management and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro and in vivo. Although a considerable list of compounds is available from Cordyceps, only a few have been evaluated for their neuroprotective potential and still lack information for clinical trials. In this review, the neuroprotective mechanisms and safety profile of Cordyceps extracts/bioactives have been discussed, which might be helpful in the identification of novel potential therapeutic entities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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Lu C, Li S, Li Y, Zhang X, Chi J, Jiang Q, Ma Y, Shi X, Wang L, Li J. Associations between polymorphisms in the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene, cognitive impairments and tardive dyskinesia in a Chinese population with schizophrenia. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148579. [PMID: 37739333 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medically induced movement disorder that occurs as a result of long-term use of antipsychotic medications, commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). The study aimed to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CNR1 gene, TD and cognitive impairments in a Chinese population with SCZ. METHODS A total of 216 SCZ patients were recruited. The participants were divided into TD and without TD (WTD) groups using the Schooler-Kane International Diagnostic Criteria. The severity of TD was assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) scale. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests, chained disequilibrium analyses and haplotype analyses were performed using SHE-sis software. To explore the main effects of TD diagnosis, genotype and cognitive function, as well as interaction effects, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. RESULTS The prevalence of TD was approximately 27.3%. Significant differences were observed in the rs806368 CT genotype and rs806370 TC genotype within the hypercongenic pattern between the male TD and WTD groups (OR = 2.508, 95% CI: 1.055-5.961, p = 0.037; OR = 2.552, 95% CI: 1.073-6.069, p = 0.034). Among TD patients, those carrying the rs806368 CC genotype exhibited higher limb trunk scores (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in visuospatial/construction between the TD and WTD groups (p = 0.04), and a borderline significant difference in visuospatial/construction when considering the interaction between TD diagnosis and genotype at the rs806368 locus (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION CNR1 rs806368 and rs806370 polymorphisms may play a role in TD susceptibility. Additionally, CNR1 gene polymorphisms were associated with the severity of involuntary movements and cognitive impairments in TD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Lu
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Shen Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yanzhe Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Jinghui Chi
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Qiaona Jiang
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiaomei Shi
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China.
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Natale G, Colella M, De Carluccio M, Lelli D, Paffi A, Carducci F, Apollonio F, Palacios D, Viscomi MT, Liberti M, Ghiglieri V. Astrocyte Responses Influence Local Effects of Whole-Brain Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinsonian Rats. Mov Disord 2023; 38:2173-2184. [PMID: 37700489 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive glutamatergic transmission in the striatum is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. Astrocytes maintain glutamate homeostasis, protecting from excitotoxicity through the glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), whose alterations have been reported in PD. Noninvasive brain stimulation using intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) acts on striatal neurons and glia, inducing neuromodulatory effects and functional recovery in experimental parkinsonism. OBJECTIVE Because PD is associated with altered astrocyte function, we hypothesized that acute iTBS, known to rescue striatal glutamatergic transmission, exerts regional- and cell-specific effects through modulation of glial functions. METHODS 6-Hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats were exposed to acute iTBS, and the areas predicted to be more responsive by a biophysical, hyper-realistic computational model that faithfully reconstructs the experimental setting were analyzed. The effects of iTBS on glial cells and motor behavior were evaluated by molecular and morphological analyses, and CatWalk and Stepping test, respectively. RESULTS As predicted by the model, the hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum displayed a marked c-FOS activation after iTBS, with the striatum showing specific morphological and molecular changes in the astrocytes, decreased phospho-CREB levels, and recovery of GLAST. Striatal-dependent motor performances were also significantly improved. CONCLUSION These data uncover an unknown iTBS effect on astrocytes, advancing the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in TMS-mediated functional recovery. Data on numerical dosimetry, obtained with a degree of anatomical details never before considered and validated by the biological findings, provide a framework to predict the electric-field induced in different specific brain areas and associate it with functional and molecular changes. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Colella
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Carluccio
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Paffi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Carducci
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vitorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Palacios
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
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Yang C, Wang W, Deng P, Wang X, Zhu L, Zhao L, Li C, Gao H. Fibroblast growth factor 21 ameliorates behavior deficits in Parkinson's disease mouse model via modulating gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3815-3828. [PMID: 37334756 PMCID: PMC10651963 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The effects of FGF21 on Parkinson's disease (PD) and its relationship with gut microbiota have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether FGF21 would attenuate behavioral impairment through microbiota-gut-brain metabolic axis in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced PD mice model. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were rendomized into 3 groups: vehicle (CON); MPTP 30 mg/kg/day i.p. injection (MPTP); FGF21 1.5 mg/kg/d i.p. injection plus MPTP 30 mg/kg/day i.p. injection (FGF21 + MPTP). The behavioral features, metabolimics profiling, and 16 s rRNA sequencing were performed after FGF21 treatment for 7 days. RESULTS MPTP-induced PD mice showed motor and cognitive deficits accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis and brain-region-specific metabolic abnormalities. FGF21 treatment dramatically attenuated motor and cognitive dysfunction in PD mice. FGF21 produced a region-specific alteration in the metabolic profile in the brain in ways indicative of greater ability in neurotransmitter metabolism and choline production. In addition, FGF21 also re-structured the gut microbiota profile and increased the relative abundance of Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, thereby rescuing the PD-induced metabolic disorders in the colon. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that FGF21 could affect behavior and brain metabolic homeostasis in ways that promote a favorable colonic microbiota composition and through effects on the microbiota-gut-brain metabolic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Yang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- School of Public healthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wuqiong Wang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Pengxi Deng
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Public healthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Chen Li
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)WenzhouChina
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)WenzhouChina
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Gautam D, Naik UP, Naik MU, Yadav SK, Chaurasia RN, Dash D. Glutamate Receptor Dysregulation and Platelet Glutamate Dynamics in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Insights into Current Medications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1609. [PMID: 38002291 PMCID: PMC10669830 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Two of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. While the etiologies of AD and PD differ, both diseases share commonalities in synaptic dysfunction, thereby focusing attention on the role of neurotransmitters. The possible functions that platelets may play in neurodegenerative illnesses including PD and AD are becoming more acknowledged. In AD, platelets have been investigated for their ability to generate amyloid-ß (Aß) peptides, contributing to the formation of neurotoxic plaques. Moreover, platelets are considered biomarkers for early AD diagnosis. In PD, platelets have been studied for their involvement in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are key factors in the disease's pathogenesis. Emerging research shows that platelets, which release glutamate upon activation, also play a role in these disorders. Decreased glutamate uptake in platelets has been observed in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients, pointing to a systemic dysfunction in glutamate handling. This paper aims to elucidate the critical role that glutamate receptors play in the pathophysiology of both AD and PD. Utilizing data from clinical trials, animal models, and cellular studies, we reviewed how glutamate receptors dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative (ND) processes such as excitotoxicity, synaptic loss, and cognitive impairment. The paper also reviews all current medications including glutamate receptor antagonists for AD and PD, highlighting their mode of action and limitations. A deeper understanding of glutamate receptor involvement including its systemic regulation by platelets could open new avenues for more effective treatments, potentially slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gautam
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Ulhas P. Naik
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Meghna U. Naik
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- The Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (U.P.N.); (M.U.N.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia
- The Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Kumaria A, Ashkan K. Novel therapeutic strategies in glioma targeting glutamatergic neurotransmission. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148515. [PMID: 37543066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
High grade gliomas carry a poor prognosis despite aggressive surgical and adjuvant approaches including chemoradiotherapy. Recent studies have demonstrated a mitogenic association between neuronal electrical activity and glioma growth involving the PI3K-mTOR pathway. As the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain, glutamate signalling in particular has been shown to promote glioma invasion and growth. The concept of the neurogliomal synapse has been established whereby glutamatergic receptors on glioma cells have been shown to promote tumour propagation. Targeting glutamatergic signalling is therefore a potential treatment option in glioma. Antiepileptic medications decrease excess neuronal electrical activity and some may possess anti-glutamate effects. Although antiepileptic medications continue to be investigated for an anti-glioma effect, good quality randomised trial evidence is lacking. Other pharmacological strategies that downregulate glutamatergic signalling include riluzole, memantine and anaesthetic agents. Neuromodulatory interventions possessing potential anti-glutamate activity include deep brain stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation - this contributes to the anti-seizure efficacy of the latter and the possible neuroprotective effect of the former. A possible role of neuromodulation as a novel anti-glioma modality has previously been proposed and that hypothesis is extended to include these modalities. Similarly, the significant survival benefit in glioblastoma attributable to alternating electrical fields (Tumour Treating Fields) may be a result of disruption to neurogliomal signalling. Further studies exploring excitatory neurotransmission and glutamatergic signalling and their role in glioma origin, growth and propagation are therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kumaria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
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Chiou KL, Huang X, Bohlen MO, Tremblay S, DeCasien AR, O’Day DR, Spurrell CH, Gogate AA, Zintel TM, Andrews MG, Martínez MI, Starita LM, Montague MJ, Platt ML, Shendure J, Snyder-Mackler N. A single-cell multi-omic atlas spanning the adult rhesus macaque brain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1914. [PMID: 37824616 PMCID: PMC10569716 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cataloging the diverse cellular architecture of the primate brain is crucial for understanding cognition, behavior, and disease in humans. Here, we generated a brain-wide single-cell multimodal molecular atlas of the rhesus macaque brain. Together, we profiled 2.58 M transcriptomes and 1.59 M epigenomes from single nuclei sampled from 30 regions across the adult brain. Cell composition differed extensively across the brain, revealing cellular signatures of region-specific functions. We also identified 1.19 M candidate regulatory elements, many previously unidentified, allowing us to explore the landscape of cis-regulatory grammar and neurological disease risk in a cell type-specific manner. Altogether, this multi-omic atlas provides an open resource for investigating the evolution of the human brain and identifying novel targets for disease interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L. Chiou
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Xingfan Huang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin O. Bohlen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sébastien Tremblay
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex R. DeCasien
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diana R. O’Day
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cailyn H. Spurrell
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aishwarya A. Gogate
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Trisha M. Zintel
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Cayo Biobank Research Unit
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Madeline G. Andrews
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Melween I. Martínez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Lea M. Starita
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael J. Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael L. Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Dehdar K, Raoufy MR. Brain structural and functional alterations related to anxiety in allergic asthma. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110727. [PMID: 37562517 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are common in patients with allergic asthma, and they can have a significant impact on their quality of life and disease control. Recent studies have suggested that there may be potential immune-brain communication mechanisms in asthma, which can activate inflammatory responses in different brain areas, leading to structural and functional alterations and behavioral changes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. In this paper, we comprehensively review the relevant research on asthma-induced brain structural and functional alterations that lead to the initiation and promotion of anxiety. We summarize the possible pathways for peripheral inflammation to affect the brain's structure and function. Our review highlights the importance of addressing neuropsychiatric disorders in the clinical guidelines of asthma, to improve the quality of life of these patients. We suggest that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying psychiatric comorbidities in asthma could lead to the development of more effective treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolsoum Dehdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Siddiqui T, Bhatt LK. Targeting Sigma-1 Receptor: A Promising Strategy in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2925-2935. [PMID: 37259012 PMCID: PMC10231286 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting mainly the elderly population. It is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta region. Parkinson's disease patients exhibit motor symptoms like tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia/hypokinesia, and non-motor symptoms like depression, cognitive decline, delusion, and pain. Major pathophysiological factors which contribute to neuron loss include excess/misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregates, microglial cell-mediated neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and defective mitochondrial function. Sigma-1 receptors are molecular chaperones located at mitochondria-associated ER membrane. Their activation (by endogenous ligands or agonists) has shown neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in various diseases. This review discusses the roles of activated Sig-1 receptors in modulating various pathophysiological features of Parkinson's disease like alpha-synuclein aggregates, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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40
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Sanghai N, Tranmer GK. Biochemical and Molecular Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Integrated View. Cells 2023; 12:2318. [PMID: 37759540 PMCID: PMC10527779 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are defined by a myriad of complex aetiologies. Understanding the common biochemical molecular pathologies among NDDs gives an opportunity to decipher the overlapping and numerous cross-talk mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Numerous interrelated pathways lead to the progression of neurodegeneration. We present evidence from the past pieces of literature for the most usual global convergent hallmarks like ageing, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity-induced calcium butterfly effect, defective proteostasis including chaperones, autophagy, mitophagy, and proteosome networks, and neuroinflammation. Herein, we applied a holistic approach to identify and represent the shared mechanism across NDDs. Further, we believe that this approach could be helpful in identifying key modulators across NDDs, with a particular focus on AD, PD, and ALS. Moreover, these concepts could be applied to the development and diagnosis of novel strategies for diverse NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Sanghai
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Geoffrey K. Tranmer
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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41
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Taneva SG, Todinova S, Andreeva T. Morphometric and Nanomechanical Screening of Peripheral Blood Cells with Atomic Force Microscopy for Label-Free Assessment of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14296. [PMID: 37762599 PMCID: PMC10531602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are complex, multifactorial disorders with significant social and economic impact in today's society. NDDs are predicted to become the second-most common cause of death in the next few decades due to an increase in life expectancy but also to a lack of early diagnosis and mainly symptomatic treatment. Despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there are yet no reliable biomarkers identifying the complex pathways contributing to these pathologies. The development of new approaches for early diagnosis and new therapies, together with the identification of non-invasive and more cost-effective diagnostic biomarkers, is one of the main trends in NDD biomedical research. Here we summarize data on peripheral biomarkers, biofluids (cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma), and peripheral blood cells (platelets (PLTs) and red blood cells (RBCs)), reported so far for the three most common NDDs-Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). PLTs and RBCs, beyond their primary physiological functions, are increasingly recognized as valuable sources of biomarkers for NDDs. Special attention is given to the morphological and nanomechanical signatures of PLTs and RBCs as biophysical markers for the three pathologies. Modifications of the surface nanostructure and morphometric and nanomechanical signatures of PLTs and RBCs from patients with AD, PD, and ALS have been revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM is currently experiencing rapid and widespread adoption in biomedicine and clinical medicine, in particular for early diagnostics of various medical conditions. AFM is a unique instrument without an analog, allowing the generation of three-dimensional cell images with extremely high spatial resolution at near-atomic scale, which are complemented by insights into the mechanical properties of cells and subcellular structures. Data demonstrate that AFM can distinguish between the three pathologies and the normal, healthy state. The specific PLT and RBC signatures can serve as biomarkers in combination with the currently used diagnostic tools. We highlight the strong correlation of the morphological and nanomechanical signatures between RBCs and PLTs in PD, ALS, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefka G. Taneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Svetla Todinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Tonya Andreeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bontchev” Str. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.T.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, D-72762 Reutlingen, Germany
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Liu X, Wu Q, Wu J, Liu J, Zheng F, Yu G, Hu H, Guo Z, Wu S, Li H, Shao W. Microglia-derived exosomal circZNRF1 alleviates paraquat-induced neuronal cell damage via miR-17-5p. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115356. [PMID: 37591128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an environmental poison that causes clinical symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's disease (PD) in vitro and in rodents. It can lead to the activation of microglia and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. However, the exact role and mechanism of microglial activation in PQ-induced neuronal degeneration remain unknown. Here, we isolated the microglia-derived exosomes exposed with 0 and 40 μM PQ, which were subsequently co-incubated with PQ-exposed neuronal cells to simulate intercellular communication. First, we found that exosomes released from microglia caused a change in neuronal cell vitality and reversed PQ-induced neuronal apoptosis. RNA sequencing data showed that these activated microglia-derived exosomes carried large amounts of circZNRF1. Moreover, a bioinformatics method was used to study the underlying mechanism of circZNRF1 in regulating PD, and miR-17-5p was predicted to be its target. Second, an increased Bcl2/Bax ratio could play an anti-apoptotic role. Bcl2 was predicted to be a downstream target of miR-17-5p. Our results showed that circZNRF1 plays an anti-apoptotic role by absorbing miR-17-5p and regulating the binding of Bcl2 after exosomes are internalized by dopaminergic neurons. In conclusion, we demonstrated a new intercellular communication mechanism between microglia and neurons, in which circZNRF1 plays a key role in protecting against PQ-induced neuronal apoptosis through miR-17-5p to regulate the biological process of PD. These findings may offer a novel approach to preventing and treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Wenya Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Jiwaji Z, Hardingham GE. The consequences of neurodegenerative disease on neuron-astrocyte metabolic and redox interactions. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106255. [PMID: 37558170 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metabolic pathways relating to bioenergetic and redox homeostasis are closely linked, and deficits in these pathways are thought to occur in many neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes play important roles in both processes, and growing evidence suggests that neuron-astrocyte intercellular signalling ensures brain bioenergetic and redox homeostasis in health. Moreover, alterations to this crosstalk have been observed in the context of neurodegenerative pathology. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of how neuron-astrocyte interactions influence brain metabolism and antioxidant functions in health as well as during neurodegeneration. It is apparent that deleterious and adaptive protective responses alter brain metabolism in disease, and that knowledge of both may illuminate targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoeb Jiwaji
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M. A Facile Method for the Fabrication of the Microneedle Electrode and Its Application in the Enzymatic Determination of Glutamate. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:828. [PMID: 37622914 PMCID: PMC10452303 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a simple method has been used in the fabrication of a microneedle electrode (MNE). To do this, firstly, a commercial self-dissolving microneedle patch has been used to make a hard-polydimethylsiloxane-based micro-pore mold (MPM). Then, the pores of the MPM were filled with the conductive platinum (Pt) paste and cured in an oven. Afterward, the MNE made of platinum (Pt-MNE) was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To prove the electrochemical applicability of the Pt-MNE, the glutamate oxidase enzyme was immobilized on the surface of the electrode, to detect glutamate, using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. The obtained results demonstrated that the fabricated biosensor could detect a glutamate concentration in the range of 10-150 µM. The limits of detection (LODs) (three standard deviations of the blank/slope) were also calculated to be 0.25 µM and 0.41 µM, using CV and CA, respectively. Furthermore, the Michaelis-Menten constant (KMapp) of the biosensor was calculated to be 296.48 µM using a CA method. The proposed biosensor was finally applied, to detect the glutamate concentration in human serum samples. The presented method for the fabrication of the mold signifies a step further toward the fabrication of a microneedle electrode.
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Pu Z, Liu S, Guo Z, Zhang X, Yan J, Tang Y, Xiao H, Gao J, Li Y, Bai Q. Casein Reactivates Dopaminergic Nerve Injury and Intestinal Inflammation with Disturbing Intestinal Microflora and Fecal Metabolites in a Convalescent Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Neuroscience 2023; 524:120-136. [PMID: 37321369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease, with pathogenic causes elusive and short of effective treatment options. Investigations have found that dairy products positively correlate with the onset of PD, but the mechanisms remain unexplored. As casein is an antigenic component in dairy products, this study assessed if casein could exacerbate PD-related symptoms by stimulating intestinal inflammation and unbalanced intestinal flora and be a risk factor for PD. Using a convalescent PD mouse model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the results showed casein reduced motor coordination, caused gastrointestinal dysfunction, reduced dopamine content, and induced intestinal inflammation. Meanwhile, casein disturbed gut microbiota homeostasis by increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, decreasing α-diversity, and caused abnormal alterations in fecal metabolites. However, these adverse effects of casein attenuated much when it had hydrolyzed by acid or when antibiotics inhibited the intestinal microbiota of the mice. Therefore, our results suggested that casein could reactivate dopaminergic nerve injury and intestinal inflammation and exacerbate intestinal flora disorder and its metabolites in convalescent PD mice. These damaging effects might be related to disordered protein digestion and gut microbiota in these mice. These findings will provide new insights into the impact of milk/dairy products on PD progression and supply information on dietary options for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjia Pu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Chongqing Institute of TB Prevention and Treatment, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Zeming Guo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Chongqing Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400012, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jieying Gao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingli Li
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qunhua Bai
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Zuo T, Gong B, Gao Y, Yuan L. An in vitro study on the stimulatory effects of extracellular glutamate on astrocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6611-6617. [PMID: 37344642 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous research, it was found that the cerebrospinal fluid had higher levels of glutamate, astrocytes were stimulated and released pro-inflammatory factors in a subarachnoid hemorrhage model. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter produced in abundance by excitatory neurons in the central nervous system, residual glutamate can cause neurotoxicity. Recent studies indicate that most glutamate is absorbed by astrocytes, to optimize neurological functions and prevent excitotoxicity. However, it is still unclear if astrocytes could be stimulated by glutamate, and the concentration range of glutamate transportable by astrocytes. Thus, further research is necessary. METHODS AND RESULTS This study aimed to clarify these scientific questions by stimulating primary astrocytes at different glutamate concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) for 24 h. The results showed that glutamate induced an increased response in astrocytes, the protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were upregulated in treatment groups with 50 and 100 µM. Additionally, the protein expression of complement component 3 (C3) significantly increased following glutamate stimulation (50 and 100 µM) for 24 h. Furthermore, the supernatant of the 100 µM treatment group significantly decreased the viability of HT-22 (an immortalized mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results indicate that increased extracellular glutamate levels can activate astrocytes and promote pro-inflammatory factor production. Moreover, the concentration range of glutamate transported by astrocytes is approximately less than 50-100 µM. Therefore, our study suggests that experimental antagonization of glutamate excitotoxicity is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zuo
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Bingzheng Gong
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Liangjie Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine and Basic Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Bourque M, Morissette M, Conquet F, Charvin D, Di Paolo T. Foliglurax, a positive allosteric modulator of the metabotrophic glutamate receptor 4, protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-lesioned male mice. Brain Res 2023; 1809:148349. [PMID: 36972837 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Overactivity of the corticostriatal glutamatergic pathway is documented in Parkinson's disease (PD) and stimulation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors 4 on these striatal afferents inhibits glutamate release normalizing neuronal activity in the basal ganglia. Moreover, mGlu4 receptors are also expressed in glial cells and are able to modulate glial function making this receptor a potential target for neuroprotection. Hence, we investigated whether foliglurax, a positive allosteric modulator of mGlu4 receptors with high brain exposure after oral administration, has neuroprotective effects in MPTP mice to model early PD. Male mice were treated daily from day 1 to 10 with 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg of foliglurax and administered MPTP on the 5th day then euthanized on the 11th day. Dopamine neuron integrity was assessed with measures of striatal dopamine and its metabolites levels, striatal and nigral dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and inflammation with markers of striatal astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia (Iba1). MPTP lesion produced a decrease in dopamine, its metabolites and striatal DAT specific binding that was prevented by treatment with 3 mg/kg of foliglurax, whereas 1 and 10 mg/kg had no beneficial effect. MPTP mice had increased levels of GFAP; foliglurax treatment (3 mg/kg) prevented this increase. Iba1 levels were unchanged in MPTP mice compared to control mice. There was a negative correlation between dopamine content and GFAP levels. Our results show that positive allosteric modulation of mGlu4 receptors with foliglurax provided neuroprotective effects in the MPTP mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourque
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | | | | | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Horino-Shimizu A, Moriyama K, Mori T, Kohyama K, Nishito Y, Sakuma H. Lipocalin-2 production by astrocytes in response to high concentrations of glutamate. Brain Res 2023; 1815:148463. [PMID: 37328088 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is mainly mediated by neuronal NMDA receptors; however, it is unclear how astrocytes are involved in this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore the effects of excess glutamate on astrocytes both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We used astrocyte-enriched cultures (AECs), in which microglia were removed from mixed glial cultures, to investigate the effects of extracellular glutamate on these cells by microarray, quantitative PCR, ELISA, and immunostaining. We also examined the production of lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) by immunohistochemistry in the brains of mice after status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine and by ELISA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients characterised by status epilepticus. RESULTS Microarray analysis identified Lcn2 as a factor upregulated in AECs by excess glutamate; glutamate addition increased Lcn2 in the cytoplasm of astrocytes and AECs released Lcn2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Lcn2 production was reduced by chemical inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 or siRNA knockdown. Furthermore, Lcn2 was increased in the astrocytes of a status epilepticus mouse model and in the CSF of human patients. CONCLUSION These results indicate that astrocytes stimulate Lcn2 production via metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 in response to high concentrations of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Horino-Shimizu
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Course of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kengo Moriyama
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mori
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniko Kohyama
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakuma
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Course of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata, Japan.
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Purushotham SS, Buskila Y. Astrocytic modulation of neuronal signalling. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1205544. [PMID: 37332623 PMCID: PMC10269688 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1205544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal signalling is a key element in neuronal communication and is essential for the proper functioning of the CNS. Astrocytes, the most prominent glia in the brain play a key role in modulating neuronal signalling at the molecular, synaptic, cellular, and network levels. Over the past few decades, our knowledge about astrocytes and their functioning has evolved from considering them as merely a brain glue that provides structural support to neurons, to key communication elements. Astrocytes can regulate the activity of neurons by controlling the concentrations of ions and neurotransmitters in the extracellular milieu, as well as releasing chemicals and gliotransmitters that modulate neuronal activity. The aim of this review is to summarise the main processes through which astrocytes are modulating brain function. We will systematically distinguish between direct and indirect pathways in which astrocytes affect neuronal signalling at all levels. Lastly, we will summarize pathological conditions that arise once these signalling pathways are impaired focusing on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yossi Buskila
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Cheng A, Zhang Y, Sun J, Huang D, Sulaiman JE, Huang X, Wu L, Ye W, Wu C, Lam H, Shi Y, Qian PY. Pterosin sesquiterpenoids from Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. protect cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial signals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116308. [PMID: 36822346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Pteris (Pteridaceae) has been used as a traditional herb for a long time. In particular, Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat nervous system diseases and some pterosin sesquiterpenes from Pteris show neuroprotective activity, but their underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, to investigate the neuroprotective activity and working mechanism of pterosin sesquiterpenes from P. laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. will provide a better understanding and guidance in using P. laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. as a traditional Chinese medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY We aim to develop effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases from pterosin sesquiterpenes by evaluating their neuroprotective activity and investigating their working mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary screening on the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity cell model was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to analyze the activation level of glutamate receptors and mitochondria membrane potential after treatment. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis was performed to identify possible targets of pterosin B. The key pathways were enriched by the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The core targets were visualized by a protein-protein interaction network using STRING. The mRNA and protein expressions were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Immunocytochemistry was performed to monitor mitochondrial and apoptotic proteins. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by ROS assay, and Ca2+ was stained with Fluo-4 AM to quantify intracellular Ca2+ levels. RESULTS We found pterosin B from Pteris laeta Wall. ex Ettingsh. showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate excitotoxicity, enhancing cell viability from 43.8% to 105% (p-value: <0.0001). We demonstrated that pterosin B worked on the downstream signaling pathways of glutamate excitotoxicity rather than directly blocking the activation of glutamate receptors. Pterosin B restored mitochondria membrane potentials, alleviated intracellular calcium overload from 107.4% to 95.47% (p-value: 0.0006), eliminated cellular ROS by 36.55% (p-value: 0.0143), and partially secured cells from LPS-induced inflammation by increasing cell survival from 46.75% to 58.5% (p-value: 0.0114). Notably, pterosin B enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by 2.86-fold (p-value: 0.0006) and 4.24-fold (p-value: 0.0012), and down-regulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) expression by 2.5-fold (p-value: 0.0107), indicating that it possibly promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to maintain mitochondria quality control and homeostasis, and ultimately inhibits apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our work revealed that pterosin B protected cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by targeting the downstream mitochondrial signals, making it a valuable candidate for developing potential therapeutic agents in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases (TMBJ), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Duli Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jordy Evan Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wenkang Ye
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China; SZU-HKUST Joint Ph.D. Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chuanhai Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Henry Lam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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