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Lu Y, Yi L, Fu Z, Xie J, Cheng Q, Fu Z, Zou Z. Nonclassical crystallization of goethite nanorods in limpet teeth by self-assembly of silica-rich nanoparticles reveals structure-mechanical property relations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:64-74. [PMID: 38705113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The intricate organization of goethite nanorods within a silica-rich matrix makes limpet teeth the strongest known natural material. However, the mineralization pathway of goethite in organisms under ambient conditions remains elusive. Here, by investigating the multi-level structure of limpet teeth at different growth stages, it is revealed that the growth of goethite crystals proceeds by the attachment of amorphous nanoparticles, a nonclassical crystallization pathway widely observed during the formation of calcium-based biominerals. Importantly, these nanoparticles contain a high amount of silica, which is gradually expelled during the growth of goethite. Moreover, in mature teeth of limpet, the content of silica correlates with the size of goethite crystals, where smaller goethite crystals are densely packed in the leading part with higher content of silica. Correspondingly, the leading part exhibits higher hardness and elastic modulus. Thus, this study not only reveals the nonclassical crystallization pathway of goethite nanorods in limpet teeth, but also highlights the critical roles of silica in controlling the hierarchical structure and the mechanical properties of limpet teeth, thus providing inspirations for fabricating biomimetic materials with excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Luyao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zeyao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qunfeng Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, Xiangyang 441000, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Krings W, Brütt JO, Gorb SN. Micro-cracks and micro-fractures reveal radular tooth architecture and its functional significance in the paludomid gastropod Lavigeria grandis. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210335. [PMID: 35909353 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most molluscan taxa forage with their radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded teeth. The teeth are the actual interfaces between the animal and its ingesta and serve as load-transmitting regions. During foraging, these structures have to withstand high stresses without structural failure and without a high degree of wear. Mechanisms contributing to this failure- and wear-resistance were well studied in the heavily mineralized teeth of Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda, but for the rather chitinous teeth of non-limpet snails, we are confronted with a large gap in data. The work presented here on the paludomid gastropod Lavigeria grandis aims to shed some light on radular tooth composition and its contribution to failure- and wear-prevention in this type of radula. The teeth were fractured and the micro-cracks studied in detail by scanning electron microscopy, revealing layers within the teeth. Two layers of distinct fibre densities and orientations were detected, covered by a thin layer containing high proportions of calcium and silicon, as determined by elemental dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results clearly demonstrate the presence of failure- and wear-prevention mechanisms in snail radulae without the involvement of heavy mineralization-rendering this an example of a highly functional biological lightweight structure. This article is part of the theme issue 'Nanocracks in nature and industry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Behavioral Biology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Ole Brütt
- Department of Behavioral Biology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Krings W, Brütt JO, Gorb SN. Ontogeny of the elemental composition and the biomechanics of radular teeth in the chiton Lepidochitona cinerea. Front Zool 2022; 19:19. [PMID: 35690761 PMCID: PMC9188181 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-022-00465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded teeth, is one important molluscan autapomorphy. In some taxa (Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda) one tooth type (the dominant lateral tooth) was studied intensively in the last decades with regard to its mechanical properties, chemical and structural composition, and the relationship between these parameters. As the dominant lateral tooth is probably one of the best studied biological materials, it is surprising, that data on elements and mechanical properties of the other tooth types, present on a chiton radula, is lacking. RESULTS We provide data on the elemental distribution and mechanical properties (hardness and elasticity, i.e. Young's modulus) of all teeth from the Polyplacophora Lepidochitona cinerea (Linnaeus, 1767) [Chitonidae: Ischnochitonidae]. The ontogeny of elements, studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and of the mechanical properties, determined by nanoindentation, was analysed in every individual tooth type. Additionally, we performed breaking stress experiments with teeth under dry and wet condition, highlighting the high influence of the water content on the mechanical behaviour of the radula. We thereby could determine the forces and stresses, teeth can resist, which were previously not studied in representatives of Polyplacophora. Overall, we were able to relate the mineral (iron, calcium) content with the mechanical parameters (hardness and Young's modulus) and the breaking force and stress in every tooth type. This led to a better understanding of the relationship between structure, material, and function in radular teeth. Further, we aimed at determining the role of calcium for the mechanical behaviour of the teeth: we decalcified radulae by ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and performed afterwards elemental analyses, breaking stress experiments, and nanoindentation. Among other things, we detected that wet and decalcified radular teeth could resist highest forces, since teeth have a higher range of bending motion leading to a higher capability of teeth to gain mechanical support from the adjacent tooth row. This indicates, that the tooth material is the result of a compromise between failure reduction and the ability to transfer forces onto the ingesta. CONCLUSION We present novel data on the elemental composition, mechanical properties, and the mechanical behaviour of chiton teeth, which allows conclusions about tooth function. We could also relate the parameters mentioned, which contributes to our understanding on the origins of mechanical property gradients and the processes reducing structural failure in radular teeth. Additionally, we add more evidence, that the elemental composition of radular is probably species-specific and could be used as taxonomic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Behavioral Biology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jan-Ole Brütt
- Department of Behavioral Biology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Krings W, Brütt JO, Gorb SN. Elemental analyses reveal distinct mineralization patterns in radular teeth of various molluscan taxa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7499. [PMID: 35525838 PMCID: PMC9079087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molluscan phylum is the second specious animal group with its taxa feeding on a variety of food sources. This is enabled by the radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded teeth, one important autapomorphy. Between species, radulae can vary in their morphology, mechanical, and chemical properties. With regard to chemical composition, some taxa (Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda) were studied extensively in the past decades, due to their specificity to incorporate high proportions of iron, calcium, and silicon. There is, however, a huge lack of knowledge about radular composition in other taxa. The work presented aims at shedding light on the chemistry by performing energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses on 24 molluscan species, thereof two Polyplacophora, two Cephalopoda, and 20 Gastropoda, which was never done before in such a comprehensiveness. The elements and their proportions were documented for 1448 individual, mature teeth and hypotheses about potential biomineralization types were proposed. The presented work additionally comprises a detailed record on past studies about the chemical composition of molluscan teeth, which is an important basis for further investigation of the radular chemistry. The found disparity in elements detected, in their distribution and proportions highlights the diversity of evolutionary solutions, as it depicts multiple biomineralization types present within Mollusca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Behavioral Biology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jan-Ole Brütt
- Department of Behavioral Biology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Bianco-Stein N, Polishchuk I, Lang A, Atiya G, Villanova J, Zaslansky P, Katsman A, Pokroy B. Structural and chemical variations in Mg-calcite skeletal segments of coralline red algae lead to improved crack resistance. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:362-373. [PMID: 34087436 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The calcareous alga Jania sp. is an articulated coralline red seaweed that is abundant in the shallow waters of oceans worldwide. We have previously demonstrated that its structure is highly intricate and exhibits hierarchical organization across multiple length scales from the macro to the nano scale. Moreover, we have proven that the inner pores of its structure are helical, conveying the alga greater compliance as compared to a cylindrical configuration. Herein, we reveal new insights into the structure of Jania sp., particularly, its crystallographic variations and the internal elemental distribution of Mg and Ca. We show that the high-Mg calcite cell wall nanocrystals of Jania sp. are arranged in layers with alternating Mg contents. Moreover, we show that this non-homogenous elemental distribution assists the alga in preventing fracture caused by crack propagation. We further reveal that each one of the cell wall nanocrystals in Jania sp. is not a single crystal as was previously thought, but rather comprises Mg-rich calcite nanoparticles demonstrating various crystallographic orientations, arranged periodically within the layered structure. We also show that these Mg-rich nanoparticles are present in yet another species of the coralline red algae, Corallina sp., pointing to the generality of this phenomenon. To the best of our knowledge this is a first report on the existence of Mg-rich nanoparticles in algal mineralized tissue. We envisage that our findings on the bio-strategy found in the algae to enhance their fracture toughness will have an impact on the design of structures with superior mechanical properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the structure-property relation in biomineralized tissues is of great importance in unveiling Nature's material design strategies, which form the basis for the development of novel structural materials. Crystallographic and elemental variations in the skeletal parts of the coralline red algae and their cumulative contribution to prevention of mechanical failure are yet poorly studied. Herein, we reveal that the high-Mg calcite cell wall nanocrystals of Jania sp. are arranged in layers with alternating Mg concentrations and that this organization facilitates crack deflection, thereby preventing catastrophic fracture. We further discovered that the nanocrystals contain incoherent Mg-rich nanoparticles and suggest that they form via spinodal decomposition of the Mg-ACC precursor and self-arrange periodically throughout the alga's mineralized cell wall, a phenomenon most likely to be widespread in high-Mg calcite biomineralization.
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Persistent polyamorphism in the chiton tooth: From a new biomineral to inks for additive manufacturing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020160118. [PMID: 34088834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020160118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering structures that bridge between elements with disparate mechanical properties are a significant challenge. Organisms reap synergy by creating complex shapes that are intricately graded. For instance, the wear-resistant cusp of the chiton radula tooth works in concert with progressively softer microarchitectural units as the mollusk grazes on and erodes rock. Herein, we focus on the stylus that connects the ultrahard and stiff tooth head to the flexible radula membrane. Using techniques that are especially suited to probe the rich chemistry of iron at high spatial resolution, in particular synchrotron Mössbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we find that the upper stylus of Cryptochiton stelleri is in fact a mineralized tissue. Remarkably, the inorganic phase is nano disperse santabarbaraite, an amorphous ferric hydroxyphosphate that has not been observed as a biomineral. The presence of two persistent polyamorphic phases, amorphous ferric phosphate and santabarbaraite, in close proximity, is a unique aspect that demonstrates the level of control over phase transformations in C. stelleri dentition. The stylus is a highly graded material in that its mineral content and mechanical properties vary by a factor of 3 to 8 over distances of a few hundred micrometers, seamlessly bridging between the soft radula and the hard tooth head. The use of amorphous phases that are low in iron and high in water content may be key to increasing the specific strength of the stylus. Finally, we show that we can distill these insights into design criteria for inks for additive manufacturing of highly tunable chitosan-based composites.
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Farina M, Werckmann J, Campos APC, Mendoza ME, Wendt C, Almeida FP, Rougerie P, Rossi A, Bouillet C, Ersen O. Nanometer scale insight on the analysis of limpets mineralized teeth: Special focus on the silica-containing regions. J Struct Biol 2020; 213:107693. [PMID: 33387655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the electron microscopy-based analysis of the major lateral tooth of the limpet Colisella subrugosa during early and intermediate stages of development. We aimed to analyze the structural relationship among the needle-like crystals of the iron oxide goethite, the amorphous silica phase that forms the tooth base and occupy inter-crystalline spaces in the cusp, and the chitin fibers of the matrix. Goethite crystals followed the three dimensional organization pattern of the chitin fibers in the cusp. In the tooth base, spherical individual silica granules were found in regions where the chitin fibers cross. The spherical granules near the interface between the tooth base and the cusp (junction zone) formed an almost continuous medium that could easily be ultrathin-sectioned for further analysis. By contrast, the nearby silica-rich region localized on the other side of the junction zone contained needle-like goethite crystals immersed in the matrix and presented a conchoidal fracture. The chitin fibers from the silica granules of the tooth base were dotted or undulating in projection with a periodicity of about 6 nm when observed by high magnification transmission electron microscopy. Very thin goethite crystals were present in the base of the cusp near the junction zone surrounded by silica. On several occasions, crystals presented internal thin straight white lines parallel to the major axis, indicating a possible growth around fibers. We propose that silica and iron oxide phases mineralization may occur simultaneously at least for some period and that silica moderates the dimensions of the iron oxide crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jacques Werckmann
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Xavier Sigaud, 150, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea P C Campos
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM (FR1739), CP2M, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Martin E Mendoza
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, P.O.Box 150001, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Camila Wendt
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Xavier Sigaud, 150, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando P Almeida
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pablo Rougerie
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Rossi
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Xavier Sigaud, 150, 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Corinne Bouillet
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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Taylor JM, Konda A, Morin SA. Spatiotemporal control of calcium carbonate nucleation using mechanical deformations of elastic surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6038-6043. [PMID: 32568337 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00734j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems generate crystalline materials with properties and morphologies that cannot be duplicated using synthetic procedures. Developing strategies that mimic the control mechanisms found in nature would enhance the range of functional materials available for numerous technological applications. Herein, a biomimetic approach based on the mechano-dynamic chemistry of silicone surfaces was used to control the rate of heterogeneous CaCO3 nucleation. Specifically, stretching the silicone surface redistributed functional groups, tuning interfacial energy and thus the rate of CaCO3 crystal formation, as predicted by classical nucleation rate laws. We extended this procedure using microrelief patterns to program surface strain fields to spatially control the location of nucleation. The strategies presented herein represent a fundamental departure from traditional bottom-up crystal engineering, where surfaces are chemically static, to them being active participants in the nucleation process controlling the outcome both spatially and temporally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Abhiteja Konda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Stephen A Morin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. and Nebraska Centre for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Montroni D, Zhang X, Leonard J, Kaya M, Amemiya C, Falini G, Rolandi M. Structural characterization of the buccal mass of Ariolimax californicus (Gastropoda; Stylommatophora). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212249. [PMID: 31390363 PMCID: PMC6685607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological materials such as chiton tooth, squid beak, and byssal threads of bivalves have inspired the development of new technologies. To this end, we have characterized the acellular components in the buccal mass of the terrestrial slug Ariolimax californicus (banana slug). These components are the radula, the jaw, and the odontophore. In the radula, calcium-rich denticles are tightly interlocked one to the other on top of a nanofibrous chitin membrane. The jaw has a nanostructured morphology made of chitin to achieve compression resistance and is directly linked to the foregut cuticle, which has a protective nanofibrous structure. Finally, in the odontophore, we observed a structurally elastic microstructure that interfaces soft tissues with a highly stressed radula membrane. Based on those observations, we discuss the interaction between these components and highlight how the materials in these task-specific components have evolved. This structure-properties-function study of the A. californicus' buccal mass may aid in the design and fabrication of novel bioinspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devis Montroni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Departiment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Janet Leonard
- Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Chris Amemiya
- School of Natural Science, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Departiment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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Hilgers L, Hartmann S, Hofreiter M, von Rintelen T. Novel Genes, Ancient Genes, and Gene Co-Option Contributed to the Genetic Basis of the Radula, a Molluscan Innovation. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:1638-1652. [PMID: 29672732 PMCID: PMC5995198 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The radula is the central foraging organ and apomorphy of the Mollusca. However, in contrast to other innovations, including the mollusk shell, genetic underpinnings of radula formation remain virtually unknown. Here, we present the first radula formative tissue transcriptome using the viviparous freshwater snail Tylomelania sarasinorum and compare it to foot tissue and the shell-building mantle of the same species. We combine differential expression, functional enrichment, and phylostratigraphic analyses to identify both specific and shared genetic underpinnings of the three tissues as well as their dominant functions and evolutionary origins. Gene expression of radula formative tissue is very distinct, but nevertheless more similar to mantle than to foot. Generally, the genetic bases of both radula and shell formation were shaped by novel orchestration of preexisting genes and continuous evolution of novel genes. A significantly increased proportion of radula-specific genes originated since the origin of stem-mollusks, indicating that novel genes were especially important for radula evolution. Genes with radula-specific expression in our study are frequently also expressed during the formation of other lophotrochozoan hard structures, like chaetae (hes1, arx), spicules (gbx), and shells of mollusks (gbx, heph) and brachiopods (heph), suggesting gene co-option for hard structure formation. Finally, a Lophotrochozoa-specific chitin synthase with a myosin motor domain (CS-MD), which is expressed during mollusk and brachiopod shell formation, had radula-specific expression in our study. CS-MD potentially facilitated the construction of complex chitinous structures and points at the potential of molecular novelties to promote the evolution of different morphological innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Hilgers
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Adaptive Evolutionary Genomics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Stefanie Hartmann
- Adaptive Evolutionary Genomics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- Adaptive Evolutionary Genomics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas von Rintelen
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
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Torres-Martínez A, Angulo-Pachón CA, Galindo F, Miravet JF. In between molecules and self-assembled fibrillar networks: highly stable nanogel particles from a low molecular weight hydrogelator. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3565-3572. [PMID: 30951068 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of molecular, non-polymeric nanogels from a low molecular weight hydrogelator is reported. The molecular nanogels are expected to overcome issues associated with the use of polymeric nanogels in biomedicine such as biodegradability, stimuli responsiveness, polydispersity, and batch-to-batch reproducibility. Nanogels formed by compound 1 were reproducibly prepared by sonication of a xerogel in PBS, with a total concentration of ca. 2 mM. The intensity averaged diameter of ca. 200 nm was determined by DLS. Electron microscopy (TEM and cryo-TEM) showed spherical particles. Light scattering (SALS) indicates that water is the main component of the nanoparticles, and the concentration of 1 in the nanogels is ca. 3 mg mL-1. These particles can be considered to constitute an intermediate state between free molecules and self-assembled fibrillar networks. The nanogels present excellent temporal and thermal stability and accessible hydrophobic domains, as demonstrated by the incorporation of the fluorescent dye Nile Red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Torres-Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain.
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Biomineralization Forming Process and Bio-inspired Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application: A Review. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is a process in which organic matter and inorganic matter combine with each other under the regulation of living organisms. Because of the biomineralization-induced super survivability and retentivity, biomineralization has attracted special attention from biologists, archaeologists, chemists, and materials scientists for its tracer and transformation effect in rock evolution study and nanomaterials synthesis. However, controlling the biomineralization process in vitro as precisely as intricate biology systems still remains a challenge. In this review, the regulating roles of temperature, pH, and organics in biominerals forming process were reviewed. The artificially introducing and utilization of biomineralization, the bio-inspired synthesis of nanomaterials, in biomedical fields was further discussed, mainly in five potential fields: drug and cell-therapy engineering, cancer/tumor target engineering, bone tissue engineering, and other advanced biomedical engineering. This review might help other interdisciplinary researchers to bionic-manufacture biominerals in molecular-level for developing more applications of biomineralization.
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Wang Y, Liu C, Du J, Huang J, Zhang S, Zhang R. The Microstructure, Proteomics and Crystallization of the Limpet Teeth. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800194. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Biomaterials; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Potsdam 14476 Germany
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University; Jiaxing Zhejiang Province 314006 China
| | - Jinzhe Du
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jingliang Huang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuce Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB T6G2G2 Canada
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Protein Science Laboratory of the Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University; Jiaxing Zhejiang Province 314006 China
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Regitsky AU, Keshavarz B, McKinley GH, Holten-Andersen N. Rheology as a Mechanoscopic Method to Monitor Mineralization in Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4067-4074. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail U. Regitsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bavand Keshavarz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gareth H. McKinley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Niels Holten-Andersen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Sonkaria S, Ahn SH, Lee CS, Khare V. "On the Dot"-The Timing of Self-Assembled Growth to the Quantum Scale. Chemistry 2017; 23:8104-8117. [PMID: 28032925 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the complex world of material growth and tunability has mystified the minds of material scientists and has been met with increasing efforts to close the gap between controllability and applicability. The reality of this journey is frustratingly tortuous but is being eased through better conceptual appreciation of metal crystalline frameworks that originate from shape and size dependent solvent responsive growth patterns. The quantum confinement of TiO2 in the range of 0.8-2 nm has been synthetically challenging to achieve but lessons from biomineralization processes have enabled alternative routes to be explored via self-induced pre-nucleation events. In driving this concept, we have incorporated many of these key features integrating aspects of low temperature annealing at the interface of complex heterogeneous nucleation between hard and soft materials to arrest the biomimetic amorphous phase of TiO2 to a tunable crystalline quantumized state. The stabilization of metastable states of quantum sized TiO2 driven by kinetic and thermodynamic processes show hallmarks of biomineralized controlled events that suggest the inter-play between new pathways and interfacial energies that preferentially favor low dimensionality at the quantum scale. This provides the potential to re-direct synthetic assemblies under tightly controlled parameters to generate a host of new materials with size, shape and anisotropic properties as smart stimuli responsive materials. These new stabilities leading to the growth arrest of TiO2 are discussed in terms of molecular interactions and structural frameworks that were previously inaccessible via conventional routes. There exists an undiscovered parallel between synthetic and biomineralized routes enabling unprecedented access to the availability and tunability of novel quantum confined materials. The parametrics of complex material design at the crossroads of synthetically and biologically driven processes is only now surfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Sonkaria
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Gwanak Ro1, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Gwanak Ro1, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak Ro1, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Caroline S Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Hanyang University, Gyeongi, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Varsha Khare
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Gwanak Ro1, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Faivre D, Godec TU. From bacteria to mollusks: the principles underlying the biomineralization of iron oxide materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 54:4728-47. [PMID: 25851816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Various organisms possess a genetic program that enables the controlled formation of a mineral, a process termed biomineralization. The variety of biological material architectures is mind-boggling and arises from the ability of organisms to exert control over crystal nucleation and growth. The structure and composition of biominerals equip biomineralizing organisms with properties and functionalities that abiotically formed materials, made of the same mineral, usually lack. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms underlying biomineralization and morphogenesis is of interdisciplinary interest to extract design principles that will enable the biomimetic formation of functional materials with similar capabilities. Herein, we summarize what is known about iron oxides formed by bacteria and mollusks for their magnetic and mechanical properties. We describe the chemical and biological machineries that are involved in controlling mineral precipitation and organization and show how these organisms are able to form highly complex structures under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Faivre
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14424 Potsdam (Germany) http://www.mpikg.mpg.de/135282/MBMB.
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18
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Ukmar-Godec T, Kapun G, Zaslansky P, Faivre D. The giant keyhole limpet radular teeth: A naturally-grown harvest machine. J Struct Biol 2015; 192:392-402. [PMID: 26433029 PMCID: PMC4658332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The limpet radula is a feeding organ, which contains more than 100 rows of teeth. During their growth the teeth mature and advance in position along the radula. The simpler doccoglossan radulae operate by grinding rocky substrates, extracting the algae by rasping and scraping with the teeth functioning as shovels. Less is known about the rhipidoglossan radulae, used as rakes or brooms that brush and collect loose marine debris. This type of radula is found in the giant keyhole limpet (Megathura crenulata). The large size of this organism suggests that the rhipidoglossan radula entails a technological superiority for M. crenulata in its habitat. The structure and function of the radulae teeth have however not been reported in detail. Using a combination of 2D and 3D microscopy techniques coupled with amino acid analysis and X-ray scattering, we reveal the working components of M. crenulata's radula. It is characterized by numerous marginal teeth surrounding a pair of major hook-like lateral teeth, two pairs of minor lateral teeth and a large central tooth. The mature major lateral teeth show pronounced signs of wear, which gradually increase towards the very front end of the radula and are evidence for scraping. An abrupt change in the amino acid composition in the major lateral teeth and the concurrent formation of a chitinous fiber-network mark the onset of tooth maturation. In comparison to the simpler rock-scraping doccoglossate limpets, the radula of M. crenulata forms an elaborate feeding apparatus, which can be seen as a natural harvest machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Ukmar-Godec
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Laboratory for Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gregor Kapun
- Laboratory for Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Charite, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Julius Wolff Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Damien Faivre
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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19
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Hendley CT, Tao J, Kunitake JAMR, De Yoreo JJ, Estroff LA. Microscopy techniques for investigating the control of organic constituents on biomineralization. MRS BULLETIN 2015; 40:480-489. [PMID: 27358507 PMCID: PMC4922639 DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses recent advances in the application of microscopy techniques to characterize crystallization processes as they relate to biomineralization and bio-inspired materials synthesis. In particular, we focus on studies aimed at revealing the role organic macromolecules and functionalized surfaces play in modulating the mechanisms of nucleation and growth. In nucleation studies, we explore the use of methods such as in situ transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy to delineate formation pathways, phase stabilization, and the competing effects of free energy and kinetic barriers. In growth studies, emphasis is placed on understanding the interactions of macromolecular constituents with growing crystals and characterization of the internal structures of the resulting composite crystals using techniques such as electron tomography, atom probe tomography, and vibrational spectromicroscopy. Examples are drawn from both biological and bio-inspired synthetic systems.
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20
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Faivre D, Godec TU. Bakterien und Weichtiere: Prinzipien der Biomineralisation von Eisenoxid-Materialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Ke P, Jiao XN, Ge XH, Xiao WM, Yu B. From macro to micro: structural biomimetic materials by electrospinning. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05098c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bionics provides a model for preparation of structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ke
- School of Textiles
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Jiao
- School of Textiles
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites
- Ministry of Education
| | - Xiao-Hui Ge
- College of Physics
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Materials and Technology in Universities of Shandong
- Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei-Min Xiao
- College of Textiles
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Textiles
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387, China
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22
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Gilis M, Grauby O, Willenz P, Dubois P, Heresanu V, Baronnet A. Biomineralization in living hypercalcified demosponges: Toward a shared mechanism? J Struct Biol 2013; 183:441-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
The size, morphology and species-specific texture of mollusc shell biominerals is one of the unresolved questions in nature. In search of molecular control principles, chitin has been identified by Weiner and Traub (FEBS Lett. 1980, 111:311–316) as one of the organic compounds with a defined co-organization with mineral phases. Chitin fibers can be aligned with certain mineralogical axes of crystalline calcium carbonate in a species-specific manner. These original observations motivated the functional characterization of chitin forming enzymes in molluscs. The full-length cDNA cloning of mollusc chitin synthases identified unique myosin domains as part of the biological control system. The potential impact of molecular motors and other conserved domains of these complex transmembrane enzymes on the evolution of shell biomineralization is investigated and discussed in this article.
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Addadi L, Vidavsky N, Weiner S. Transient precursor amorphous phases in biomineralization.In the footsteps of Heinz A. Lowenstam. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2012.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Heinz A. Lowenstam’s discovery in 1967, together with Ken Towe that the magnetite mineral in mature chiton teeth forms from a disordered transient precursor phase, ferrihydrite, remained an isolated curiosity for 30 years. During the last 15 years, many more examples were found in both invertebrates and vertebrates, where the mature crystalline mineral phase is formed through a transient amorphous precursor phase. Here we review this widespread phenomenon, and also describe the details of the transformation process in the formation of the calcitic spicules of the sea urchin larva. We identify many open questions.
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25
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Kellermeier M, Melero-García E, Kunz W, García-Ruiz JM. Local autocatalytic co-precipitation phenomena in self-assembled silica–carbonate materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 380:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Saunders M, Kong C, Shaw JA, Clode PL. Matrix-mediated biomineralization in marine mollusks: a combined transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam approach. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2011; 17:220-225. [PMID: 21371372 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927610094547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The teeth of the marine mollusk Acanthopleura hirtosa are an excellent example of a complex, organic, matrix-mediated biomineral, with the fully mineralized teeth comprising layers of iron oxide and iron oxyhydroxide minerals around a calcium apatite core. To investigate the relationship between the various mineral layers and the organic matrix fibers on which they grew, sections have been prepared from specific features in the teeth at controlled orientations using focused ion beam processing. Compositional and microstructural details of heterophase interfaces, and the fate of the organic matrix fibers within the mineral layers, can then be analyzed by a range of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Energy-filtered TEM highlights the interlocking nature of the various mineral phases, while high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM imaging demonstrates that the organic matrix continues to exist in the fully mineralized teeth. These new insights into the structure of this complex biomaterial are an important step in understanding the relationship between its structural and physical properties and may help explain its high strength and crack-resistance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Saunders
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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28
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Belamie E, Boltoeva MY, Yang K, Cacciaguerra T, Alonso B. Tunable hierarchical porosity from self-assembled chitin–silica nano-composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Maas M, Degen P, Rehage H, Nebel H, Epple M. Biomimetic formation of thin, coherent iron oxide films under Langmuir monolayers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Du Z, Lu C, Li H, Li D. Biomimetic Nucleation and Morphology Control of CaCO3in PAAm Hydrogels Synthesized from Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Templates. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Weiss IM, Kaufmann S, Heiland B, Tanaka M. Covalent modification of chitin with silk-derivatives acts as an amphiphilic self-organizing template in nacre biomineralisation. J Struct Biol 2009; 167:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Shaw JA, Macey DJ, Brooker LR, Stockdale EJ, Saunders M, Clode PL. The chiton stylus canal: An element delivery pathway for tooth cusp biomineralization. J Morphol 2009; 270:588-600. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Weiner S, Mahamid J, Politi Y, Ma Y, Addadi L. Overview of the amorphous precursor phase strategy in biomineralization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11706-009-0036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Bonucci E. Calcification and silicification: a comparative survey of the early stages of biomineralization. J Bone Miner Metab 2009; 27:255-64. [PMID: 19301088 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-009-0061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Most of the studies on biomineralization have focused on calcification and silicification, the two systems that predominate in nature in the construction of skeletal or integumental hard tissues. They have, however, been studied separately, as if they were completely distinct processes, in spite of their several points of contact, especially as far as the organic-inorganic relationships during the early mineralization stages are concerned. A very tight association of the inorganic substance with organic macromolecules, in fact, initially characterizes both systems. Although the mechanism of biomineralization remains elusive, a number of old and new findings, which have been taken into account in this review, support the view that, both in calcification and in silicification, genetically controlled organic macromolecules induce the formation of composite, organic-inorganic nanoparticles, behave as templates for the subsequent assemblage of the nanoparticles into micro- to macroarchitectures of complex pattern, and, eventually, are mostly reabsorbed. There are still many gaps left in our knowledge of this process. Comparative studies of the two biomineralization systems may help to fill them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Bonucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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35
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Gower LB. Biomimetic model systems for investigating the amorphous precursor pathway and its role in biomineralization. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4551-627. [PMID: 19006398 PMCID: PMC3652400 DOI: 10.1021/cr800443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Gower
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 210A Rhines Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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