1
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Capdevila C, Miller J, Cheng L, Kornberg A, George JJ, Lee H, Botella T, Moon CS, Murray JW, Lam S, Calderon RI, Malagola E, Whelan G, Lin CS, Han A, Wang TC, Sims PA, Yan KS. Time-resolved fate mapping identifies the intestinal upper crypt zone as an origin of Lgr5+ crypt base columnar cells. Cell 2024; 187:3039-3055.e14. [PMID: 38848677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In the prevailing model, Lgr5+ cells are the only intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that sustain homeostatic epithelial regeneration by upward migration of progeny through elusive upper crypt transit-amplifying (TA) intermediates. Here, we identify a proliferative upper crypt population marked by Fgfbp1, in the location of putative TA cells, that is transcriptionally distinct from Lgr5+ cells. Using a kinetic reporter for time-resolved fate mapping and Fgfbp1-CreERT2 lineage tracing, we establish that Fgfbp1+ cells are multi-potent and give rise to Lgr5+ cells, consistent with their ISC function. Fgfbp1+ cells also sustain epithelial regeneration following Lgr5+ cell depletion. We demonstrate that FGFBP1, produced by the upper crypt cells, is an essential factor for crypt proliferation and epithelial homeostasis. Our findings support a model in which tissue regeneration originates from upper crypt Fgfbp1+ cells that generate progeny propagating bi-directionally along the crypt-villus axis and serve as a source of Lgr5+ cells in the crypt base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capdevila
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Kornberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel J George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyeonjeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theo Botella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine S Moon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John W Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruben I Calderon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Whelan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnold Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics and of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelley S Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Digestive & Liver Diseases Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Sabbatini S, Ganji N, Chusilp S, Balsamo F, Li B, Pierro A. Intestinal atresia and necrotizing enterocolitis: Embryology and anatomy. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151234. [PMID: 36417784 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The primitive gut originates at week 3 of gestation from the endoderm, with posterior incorporation of the remaining embryo layers. Wnt, Notch and TLR4 pathways have been shown to play central roles in the correct development of the intestine. The classical hypothesis for intestinal atresia development consists of failure in bowel recanalization or a vascular accident with secondary bowel reabsorption. These have been challenged due to the high frequency of associated malformations, and furthermore, with the discovery of molecular pathways and genes involved in bowel formation and correlated defects producing atresia. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has a multifactorial pathogenesis with prematurity being the most important risk factor; therefore, bowel immaturity plays a central role in NEC. Some of the same molecular pathways involved in gut maturation have been found to correlate with the predisposition of the immature bowel to develop the pathological findings seen in NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabbatini
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - N Ganji
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - S Chusilp
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - F Balsamo
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - B Li
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto
| | - A Pierro
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.
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3
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Galvis DA, Davis AW, Castle SL. Muscular wall replacement of the ileocecal valve after necrotizing enterocolitis resembles ileocecal atresia: Report of two cases and management. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2021.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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4
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Jones MLM, Sarila G, Chapuis P, Hutson JM, King SK, Teague WJ. The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 Signaling in Duodenal Atresia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:250. [PMID: 32210824 PMCID: PMC7076179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Duodenal atresia (DA) is a congenital bowel obstruction requiring major surgery in the first week of life. Three morphological phenotypes are described, reflecting increasing degrees of obstruction and discontinuity of the duodenum. The cause of DA is not known. Tandler’s original “solid cord” hypothesis conflicts with recent biological evidence, and is unable to account for differing DA types. In humans, a genetic etiology is supported by the association between Trisomy 21 and DA, and reports of familial inheritance patterns. Interruption of FGF10/FGFR2b signaling is the best demonstrated genetic link to DA in mice, with 35–75% of homozygous knockout embryos developing DA. Purpose This review examines the current evidence surrounding the etiology of DA. We focus on research regarding FGF10/FGFR2b signaling and its role in duodenal and other intestinal atresia. Further, we outline planned future research in this area, that we consider necessary to validate and better understand this murine model in order to successfully translate this research into clinical practice. Conclusion Determining the etiology of DA in humans is a clinical and scientific imperative. Fgf10/Fgfr2b murine models represent current science’s best key to unlocking this mystery. However, further research is required to understand the complex role of FGF10/FGFR2b signaling in DA development. Such complexity is expected, given the lethality of their associated defects makes ubiquitous interruption of either Fgf10 or Fgfr2b genes an unlikely cause of DA in humans. Rather, local or tissue-specific mutation in Fgf10, Fgfr2b, or their downstream targets, is the hypothesized basis of DA etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L M Jones
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gulcan Sarila
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pierre Chapuis
- Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John M Hutson
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sebastian K King
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Warwick J Teague
- F. Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Kowalkowski A, Zaremba KM, Rogers AP, Hoffman OR, Turco AE, Nichol PF. Lack of discreet colocalization of epithelial apoptosis to the atretic precursor in the colon of the Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2IIIb mouse and staining consistent with cellular movement suggest a revised model of atresia formation. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:741-753. [PMID: 32100913 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonic atresias in the Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2IIIb (Fgfr2IIIb) mouse model have been attributed to increased epithelial apoptosis and decreased epithelial proliferation at embryonic day (E) 10.5. We therefore hypothesized that these processes would colocalize to the distal colon where atresias occur (atretic precursor) and would be excluded or minimized from the proximal colon and small intestine. RESULTS We observed a global increase in intestinal epithelial apoptosis in Fgfr2IIIb -/- intestines from E9.5 to E10.5 that did not colocalize to the atretic precursor. Additionally, epithelial proliferations rates in Fgfr2IIIb -/- intestines were statistically indistinguishable to that of controls at E10.5 and E11.5. At E11.5 distal colonic epithelial cells in mutants failed to assume the expected pseudostratified columnar architecture and the continuity of the adjacent basal lamina was disrupted. Individual E-cadherin-positive cells were observed in the colonic mesenchyme. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that alterations in proliferation and apoptosis alone are insufficient to account for intestinal atresias and that these defects may arise from both a failure of distal colonic epithelial cells to develop normally and local disruptions in basal lamina architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalkowski
- Surgery Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Rogers
- Surgery Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Olivia R Hoffman
- Surgery Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anne E Turco
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter F Nichol
- Surgery Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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6
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Inhibition of Fgf signaling in short bowel syndrome increases weight loss and epithelial proliferation. Surgery 2017; 161:694-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Quantius J, Schmoldt C, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Becker C, El Agha E, Wilhelm J, Morty RE, Vadász I, Mayer K, Gattenloehner S, Fink L, Matrosovich M, Li X, Seeger W, Lohmeyer J, Bellusci S, Herold S. Influenza Virus Infects Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells of the Distal Lung: Impact on Fgfr2b-Driven Epithelial Repair. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005544. [PMID: 27322618 PMCID: PMC4913929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza Virus (IV) pneumonia is associated with severe damage of the lung epithelium and respiratory failure. Apart from efficient host defense, structural repair of the injured epithelium is crucial for survival of severe pneumonia. The molecular mechanisms underlying stem/progenitor cell mediated regenerative responses are not well characterized. In particular, the impact of IV infection on lung stem cells and their regenerative responses remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that a highly pathogenic IV infects various cell populations in the murine lung, but displays a strong tropism to an epithelial cell subset with high proliferative capacity, defined by the signature EpCamhighCD24lowintegrin(α6)high. This cell fraction expressed the stem cell antigen-1, highly enriched lung stem/progenitor cells previously characterized by the signature integrin(β4)+CD200+, and upregulated the p63/krt5 regeneration program after IV-induced injury. Using 3-dimensional organoid cultures derived from these epithelial stem/progenitor cells (EpiSPC), and in vivo infection models including transgenic mice, we reveal that their expansion, barrier renewal and outcome after IV-induced injury critically depended on Fgfr2b signaling. Importantly, IV infected EpiSPC exhibited severely impaired renewal capacity due to IV-induced blockade of β-catenin-dependent Fgfr2b signaling, evidenced by loss of alveolar tissue repair capacity after intrapulmonary EpiSPC transplantation in vivo. Intratracheal application of exogenous Fgf10, however, resulted in increased engagement of non-infected EpiSPC for tissue regeneration, demonstrated by improved proliferative potential, restoration of alveolar barrier function and increased survival following IV pneumonia. Together, these data suggest that tropism of IV to distal lung stem cell niches represents an important factor of pathogenicity and highlight impaired Fgfr2b signaling as underlying mechanism. Furthermore, increase of alveolar Fgf10 levels may represent a putative therapy to overcome regeneration failure after IV-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Quantius
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carole Schmoldt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ana I Vazquez-Armendariz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Christin Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Wetzlar, Germany, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Juergen Lohmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- College of life and Environmental sciences and College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou University town, Zhejiang, China
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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Al Alam D, Danopoulos S, Schall K, Sala FG, Almohazey D, Fernandez GE, Georgia S, Frey MR, Ford HR, Grikscheit T, Bellusci S. Fibroblast growth factor 10 alters the balance between goblet and Paneth cells in the adult mouse small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G678-90. [PMID: 25721301 PMCID: PMC4398841 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00158.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell renewal relies on the right balance of epithelial cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Intestinal epithelial cells consist of absorptive and secretory lineage. The latter is comprised of goblet, Paneth, and enteroendocrine cells. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) plays a central role in epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation in several organs. The expression pattern of FGF10 and its receptors in both human and mouse intestine and their role in small intestine have yet to be investigated. First, we analyzed the expression of FGF10, FGFR1, and FGFR2, in the human ileum and throughout the adult mouse small intestine. We found that FGF10, FGFR1b, and FGFR2b are expressed in the human ileum as well as in the mouse small intestine. We then used transgenic mouse models to overexpress Fgf10 and a soluble form of Fgfr2b, to study the impact of gain or loss of Fgf signaling in the adult small intestine. We demonstrated that overexpression of Fgf10 in vivo and in vitro induces goblet cell differentiation while decreasing Paneth cells. Moreover, FGF10 decreases stem cell markers such as Lgr5, Lrig1, Hopx, Ascl2, and Sox9. FGF10 inhibited Hes1 expression in vitro, suggesting that FGF10 induces goblet cell differentiation likely through the inhibition of Notch signaling. Interestingly, Fgf10 overexpression for 3 days in vivo and in vitro increased the number of Mmp7/Muc2 double-positive cells, suggesting that goblet cells replace Paneth cells. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism by which Fgf10 alters cell differentiation in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Al Alam
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Kathy Schall
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Frederic G. Sala
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Dana Almohazey
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - G. Esteban Fernandez
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Senta Georgia
- 2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Mark R. Frey
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Henri R. Ford
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Tracy Grikscheit
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; ,2Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ,3Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen Lung Center and Member of the German Lung Center, Giessen, Germany; and ,4Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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9
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Multiple Enhancers Regulate Hoxd Genes and the Hotdog LncRNA during Cecum Budding. Cell Rep 2013; 5:137-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Speer AL, Alam DA, Sala FG, Ford HR, Bellusci S, Grikscheit TC. Fibroblast growth factor 10-fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b mediated signaling is not required for adult glandular stomach homeostasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49127. [PMID: 23133671 PMCID: PMC3486796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways that are essential for gastric organogenesis have been studied in some detail; however, those that regulate the maintenance of the gastric epithelium during adult homeostasis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) and its main receptor, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b), in adult glandular stomach homeostasis. We first showed that mouse adult glandular stomach expressed Fgf10, its receptors, Fgfr1b and Fgfr2b, and most of the other FGFR2b ligands (Fgf1, Fgf7, Fgf22) except for Fgf3 and Fgf20. Fgf10 expression was mesenchymal whereas FGFR1 and FGFR2 expression were mostly epithelial. Studying double transgenic mice that allow inducible overexpression of Fgf10 in adult mice, we showed that Fgf10 overexpression in normal adult glandular stomach increased epithelial proliferation, drove mucous neck cell differentiation, and reduced parietal and chief cell differentiation. Although a similar phenotype can be associated with the development of metaplasia, we found that Fgf10 overexpression for a short duration does not cause metaplasia. Finally, investigating double transgenic mice that allow the expression of a soluble form of Fgfr2b, FGF10's main receptor, which acts as a dominant negative, we found no significant changes in gastric epithelial proliferation or differentiation in the mutants. Our work provides evidence, for the first time, that the FGF10-FGFR2b signaling pathway is not required for epithelial proliferation and differentiation during adult glandular stomach homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Speer
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Frederic G. Sala
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Henri R. Ford
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine II, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tracy C. Grikscheit
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatric Surgery/Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Alam DA, Sala FG, Baptista S, Galzote R, Danopoulos S, Tiozzo C, Gage P, Grikscheit T, Warburton D, Frey MR, Bellusci S. FGF9-Pitx2-FGF10 signaling controls cecal formation in mice. Dev Biol 2012; 369:340-8. [PMID: 22819677 PMCID: PMC3725282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling to the epithelium and mesenchyme mediated by FGF10 and FGF9, respectively, controls cecal formation during embryonic development. In particular, mesenchymal FGF10 signals to the epithelium via FGFR2b to induce epithelial cecal progenitor cell proliferation. Yet the precise upstream mechanisms controlling mesenchymal FGF10 signaling are unknown. Complete deletion of Fgf9 as well as of Pitx2, a gene encoding a homeobox transcription factor, both lead to cecal agenesis. Herein, we used mouse genetic approaches to determine the precise contribution of the epithelium and/or mesenchyme tissue compartments in this process. Using tissue compartment specific Fgf9 versus Pitx2 loss of function approaches in the gut epithelium and/or mesenchyme, we determined that FGF9 signals to the mesenchyme via Pitx2 to induce mesenchymal Fgf10 expression, which in turn leads to epithelial cecal bud formation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cecum/abnormalities
- Cecum/embryology
- Cecum/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/deficiency
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/deficiency
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mesoderm/embryology
- Mesoderm/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Biological
- Pregnancy
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Homeobox Protein PITX2
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Al Alam
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Frederic G Sala
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Sheryl Baptista
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Rosanna Galzote
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Soula Danopoulos
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Caterina Tiozzo
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Philip Gage
- University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tracy Grikscheit
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Excellence Cluster in Cardio-Pulmonary Systems, University of Giessen Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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12
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Vaze D, Hombalkar NN, Dhandore P. Gastroschisis with ceco-appendicular agenesis: a novel presentation. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2012; 52:182-3. [PMID: 22925221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2011.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastroschisis is associated with intestinal atresia and malrotation. A few cases have been reported of appendicular agenesis associated with gastroschisis. No previous case has been reported of cecal agenesis with gastroschisis in the literature. As cecal agenesis is a very rare anomaly, its concomitant presentation with gastroschisis is extremely rare. We report a case of gastroschisis associated with ceco-appendicular agenesis. The possible embryological explanation for the presentation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Vaze
- Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, India.
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13
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El Agha E, Al Alam D, Carraro G, MacKenzie B, Goth K, De Langhe SP, Voswinckel R, Hajihosseini MK, Rehan VK, Bellusci S. Characterization of a novel fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) knock-in mouse line to target mesenchymal progenitors during embryonic development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38452. [PMID: 22719891 PMCID: PMC3374781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) is a key regulator of diverse organogenetic programs during mouse development, particularly branching morphogenesis. Fgf10-null mice suffer from lung and limb agenesis as well as cecal and colonic atresia and are thus not viable. To date, the Mlcv1v-nLacZ-24 transgenic mouse strain (referred to as Fgf10LacZ), which carries a LacZ insertion 114 kb upstream of exon 1 of Fgf10 gene, has been the only strain to allow transient lineage tracing of Fgf10-positive cells. Here, we describe a novel Fgf10Cre-ERT2 knock-in line (Fgf10iCre) in which a Cre-ERT2-IRES-YFP cassette has been introduced in frame with the ATG of exon 1 of Fgf10 gene. Our studies show that Cre-ERT2 insertion disrupts Fgf10 function. However, administration of tamoxifen to Fgf10iCre; Tomatoflox double transgenic embryos or adult mice results in specific labeling of Fgf10-positive cells, which can be lineage-traced temporally and spatially. Moreover, we show that the Fgf10iCre line can be used for conditional gene inactivation in an inducible fashion during early developmental stages. We also provide evidence that transcription factors located in the first intron of Fgf10 gene are critical for maintaining Fgf10 expression over time. Thus, the Fgf10iCre line should serve as a powerful tool to explore the functions of Fgf10 in a controlled and stage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- German Center for Lung Research, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Hessen, Germany.
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14
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15
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Nichol PF, Reeder A, Botham R. Humans, mice, and mechanisms of intestinal atresias: a window into understanding early intestinal development. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15:694-700. [PMID: 21116726 PMCID: PMC3299083 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-010-1400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal atresias have long been hypothesized to result from either failure of recanalization of the intestinal lumen or in utero vascular accidents. Recent work in animal models is now calling for a reassessment of these widely held paradigms. PURPOSE In this review, we will examine the data that led to the original hypotheses and then evaluate more recent work challenging these hypotheses. Furthermore, we will discuss how defining the mechanism of atresia formation in animal models may provide insight into early intestinal development and the mechanism of lengthwise intestinal growth. CONCLUSION Such insight will be critical in developing regenerative therapies for patients with intestinal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Nichol
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue H4/785c CSC, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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16
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Spence JR, Lauf R, Shroyer NF. Vertebrate intestinal endoderm development. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:501-20. [PMID: 21246663 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoderm gives rise to the lining of the esophagus, stomach and intestines, as well as associated organs. To generate a functional intestine, a series of highly orchestrated developmental processes must occur. In this review, we attempt to cover major events during intestinal development from gastrulation to birth, including endoderm formation, gut tube growth and patterning, intestinal morphogenesis, epithelial reorganization, villus emergence, as well as proliferation and cytodifferentiation. Our discussion includes morphological and anatomical changes during intestinal development as well as molecular mechanisms regulating these processes.
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17
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Nyeng P, Bjerke MA, Norgaard GA, Qu X, Kobberup S, Jensen J. Fibroblast growth factor 10 represses premature cell differentiation during establishment of the intestinal progenitor niche. Dev Biol 2010; 349:20-34. [PMID: 20883684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal regulation of the balance between cell renewal and cell differentiation is of vital importance for embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Fibroblast growth factor signaling relayed from the mesenchyme to the epithelium is necessary for progenitor maintenance during organogenesis of most endoderm-derived organs, but it is still ambiguous whether the signal is exclusively mitogenic. Furthermore, the downstream mechanisms are largely unknown. In order to elucidate these questions we performed a complementary analysis of fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10), gain-of-function and loss-of-function in the embryonic mouse duodenum, where the progenitor niche is clearly defined and differentiation proceeds in a spatially organized manner. In agreement with a role in progenitor maintenance, FGF10 is expressed in the duodenal mesenchyme during early development while the cognate receptor FGFR2b is expressed in the epithelial progenitor niche. Fgf10 gain-of-function in the epithelium leads to spatial expansion of the progenitor niche and repression of cell differentiation, while loss-of-function results in premature cell differentiation and subsequent epithelial hypoplasia. We conclude that FGF10 mediated mesenchymal-to-epithelial signaling maintains the progenitor niche in the embryonic duodenum primarily by repressing cell differentiation, rather than through mitogenic signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FGF10-signaling targets include ETS-family transcription factors, which have previously been shown to regulate epithelial maturation and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Nyeng
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 1775 N Ursula St. B140, 80045 Aurora, CO, USA.
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18
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Zacchetti G, Duboule D, Zakany J. Hox gene function in vertebrate gut morphogenesis: the case of the caecum. Development 2007; 134:3967-73. [PMID: 17942481 DOI: 10.1242/dev.010991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The digestive tract is made of different subdivisions with various functions. During embryonic development, the developing intestine expresses combinations of Hox genes along its anterior to posterior axis, suggesting a role for these genes in this regionalization process. In particular, the transition from small to large intestine is labelled by the transcription of all Hoxd genes except Hoxd12 and Hoxd13, the latter two genes being transcribed only near the anus. Here, we describe two lines of mice that express Hoxd12 ectopically within this morphological transition. As a consequence, budding of the caecum is impeded, leading to complete agenesis in homozygous individuals. This effect is concurrent with a dramatic reduction of both Fgf10 and Pitx1 expression. Furthermore, the interactions between ;anterior' Hox genes and ectopic Hoxd12 suggest a model whereby anterior and posterior Hox products compete in controlling Fgf10 signalling, which is required for the growth of this organ in mice. These results illuminate components of the genetic cascade necessary for the emergence of this gut segment, crucial for many vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Zacchetti
- National Research Centre 'Frontiers in Genetics', Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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19
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Tatekawa Y, Kanehiro H, Nakajima Y. Duodenal atresia associated with "apple peel" small bowel without deletion of fibroblast growth factor-10 or fibroblast growth factor receptor 2IIIb: report of a case. Surg Today 2007; 37:430-3. [PMID: 17468828 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-006-3415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of duodenal membranous atresia associated with "apple peel" small bowel in a baby girl. The patient's mother and sibling had also undergone surgery for duodenal atresia. Familial duodenal atresia is sometimes the result of genetic, inherited abnormalities. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 2IIIb (Fgfr2b) and Fgf10 are known regulatory molecules relevant to mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. The involvement of the Fgf10/Fgfr2b pathway in the pathogenesis of intestinal atresia are related to tissue-specific transcription factors, which regulate the expression of Fgf10 according to the organ system and the stage of gestation. Furthermore, a spontaneous somatic mutation or a point mutation of Fgf10 early in development would result in a genetic mosaic pattern. Fluorescent in situ hybridization did not show homozygous or heterozygous deletion of the Fgf10 or Fgfr2b gene in this case. It is necessary to study the occurrence of duodenal atresia in posterity and investigate the deletion of the Fgfr2b or Fgf10 genes if possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Tatekawa
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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20
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Fairbanks TJ, Sala FG, Kanard R, Curtis JL, Del Moral PM, De Langhe S, Warburton D, Anderson KD, Bellusci S, Burns RC. The fibroblast growth factor pathway serves a regulatory role in proliferation and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of intestinal atresia. J Pediatr Surg 2006; 41:132-6; discussion 132-6. [PMID: 16410122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Intestinal atresia occurs in 1:5000 live births and is a neonatal challenge. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (Fgfr2b) is a critical developmental regulator of proliferation and apoptosis in multiple organ systems including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Fgfr2b invalidation results in an autosomal recessive intestinal atresia phenotype. This study evaluates the role of Fgfr2b signaling in regulating proliferation and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of intestinal atresia. METHODS Wild-type and Fgfr2b-/- embryos were harvested from timed pregnant mice. The GIT was harvested using standard techniques. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling) was used to evaluate apoptosis and bromodeoxyuridine to assess proliferation by standard protocols. Photomicrographs were compared (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved protocol 32-02). RESULTS Wild-type and mutant GIT demonstrate that deletion of the Fgfr2b gene results in inhibition of epithelial proliferation and increased apoptosis. Inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis are specific to those tissues of normal Fgfr2b expression, corresponding to the site of intestinal atresia. CONCLUSIONS The absence of embryonic GIT Fgfr2b expression results in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis resulting in GIT atresia. The regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in intestinal cells as a genetically based cause of intestinal atresia represents a novel consideration in the pathogenesis of intestinal atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Fairbanks
- Developmental Biology Program, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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