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Zhao D, Zhao H, He Y, Zhang M. BMSC Alleviates Dry Eye by Inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β Signaling Axis by Reducing Inflammation Levels. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38450655 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2324434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have multiple biological functions and are widely involved in regulating inflammatory diseases, tissue repair and regeneration. However, the mechanism of their action in dry eye disease (DED) is currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BMSCs in the treatment of dry eye mice and to explore its specific therapeutic mechanism. METHODS Mouse corneal epithelial cells (MCECs) were treated with 500 mOsM sodium chloride hypertonic solution to induce a DED cell model. The dry eye animal model was constructed by adding 5 μL 0.2% benzalkonium chloride solution to mouse eyes. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of related proteins, and flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining were used to detect cell and eye tissue damage. RESULTS The experimental results showed that BMSCs can reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factors in MCECs, promote cell proliferation, inhibit cell apoptosis, improve the integrity of the corneal epithelial layer in vivo, promote an increase in the number of goblet cells, and alleviate DED. Further exploration of the molecular mechanism of BMSCs treatment revealed that BMSCs alleviate the progression of DED by inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling pathway. CONCLUSION BMSCs inhibit ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis, reducing inflammation levels and alleviating dry eye symptoms. These findings provide new ideas and a basis for the treatment of DED and provide an experimental basis for further research on the application value of BMSCs in alleviating DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department, Yan'An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department, Yan'An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Yang He
- Ophthalmology Department, Yan'An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Moore M, Lingham G, Flitcroft DI, Loughman J. Myopia progression patterns among paediatric patients in a clinical setting. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:258-269. [PMID: 38062894 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective analysis of electronic medical record (EMR) data investigated the natural history of myopic progression in children from optometric practices in Ireland. METHODS The analysis was of myopic patients aged 7-17 with multiple visits and not prescribed myopia control treatment. Sex- and age-specific population centiles for annual myopic progression were derived by fitting a weighted cubic spline to empirical quantiles. These were compared to progression rates derived from control group data obtained from 17 randomised clinical trials (RCTs) for myopia. Linear mixed models (LMMs) were used to allow comparison of myopia progression rates against outputs from a predictive online calculator. Survival analysis was performed to determine the intervals at which a significant level of myopic progression was predicted to occur. RESULTS Myopia progression was highest in children aged 7 years (median: -0.67 D/year) and progressively slowed with increasing age (median: -0.18 D/year at age 17). Female sex (p < 0.001), a more myopic SER at baseline (p < 0.001) and younger age (p < 0.001) were all found to be predictive of faster myopic progression. Every RCT exhibited a mean progression higher than the median centile observed in the EMR data, while clinic-based studies more closely matched the median progression rates. The LMM predicted faster myopia progression for patients with higher baseline myopia levels, in keeping with previous studies, which was in contrast to an online calculator that predicted slower myopia progression for patients with higher baseline myopia. Survival analysis indicated that at a recall period of 12 months, myopia will have progressed in between 10% and 70% of children, depending upon age. CONCLUSIONS This study produced progression centiles of untreated myopic children, helping to define the natural history of untreated myopia. This will enable clinicians to better predict both refractive outcomes without treatment and monitor treatment efficacy, particularly in the absence of axial length data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moore
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel I Flitcroft
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Warjri GB, Das AV, Senthil S. Clinical profile, demographic distribution, and management of Posner-Schlossman syndrome: An electronic medical record-driven data analytics from an eye care network in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:347-351. [PMID: 38146982 PMCID: PMC11001245 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_657_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical profile, demographics, and management of Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) in patients presenting to a multitier ophthalmology hospital network in India. METHODS This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of PSS in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. RESULTS Overall, 130 eyes of 126 (0.004%) patients were diagnosed with PSS. The majority of the patients were male (81.75%) and had unilateral (96.83%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the fourth decade of life, with 46 (36.5%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a higher socioeconomic status (0.005%) presenting from the metropolitan geography (0.008%) and in professionals (0.014%). A significant number of patients (108; 83.08%) had a raised intraocular pressure of >30 mm of Hg. The majority of the eyes had mild or no visual impairment (better than 20/70) in 99 (76.15%) eyes. Keratic precipitates were found in 59 (45.38%) eyes, anterior chamber cells in 43 (33.08%) eyes, and iris atrophy in seven (5.38%) eyes. The majority of eyes (127; 97.69%) had open angles on gonioscopy. The average duration of use of topical steroids was 1.70 ± 0.76 months, and the average duration of use of topical antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) was 1.66 ± 0.81 months, with 35 eyes (26.92%) requiring continued AGMs. Among the surgical interventions, trabeculectomy was performed in nine (6.92%) eyes and cataract surgery in five (3.85%) eyes. CONCLUSION PSS more commonly affects males presenting during the fourth decade of life from higher socioeconomic status and is predominantly unilateral. The majority of the eyes have mild or no visual impairment, open angles, and require surgical intervention in a tenth of the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazella B Warjri
- VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anthony V Das
- Department of Eyesmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sirisha Senthil
- VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Das AV, Dave VP, Tyagi M, Joseph J. Microbiological Landscape and Epidemiology of Endophthalmitis in Children and Adolescents in a Multi-Tier Ophthalmology Network in India: An Electronic Medical Record-Driven Analytics Report. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38241631 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2298932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the epidemiology and microbiological landscape in patients (≤21 yrs) diagnosed with endophthalmitis across a multi-tier ophthalmology network in India. METHODS This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 1,041 patients (≤21 yrs) diagnosed with endophthalmitis, between April 2012 and May 2022. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. RESULTS Bacteria (24%) was the most common etiology followed by fungus (2%). The majority of the patients were male (66%) with a mean age of 8.37 ± 5.99 years. The most common age group was middle childhood (6-11 years) with 365 (35.06%) patients. The patients were more commonly from the lower socio-economic status (60.81%) and urban geography (49%). The common cause of endophthalmitis was trauma (59.33%) and amongst the 279 culture positive eyes, the predominant bacteria isolated was Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by Bacillus species and fungus included predominantly Aspergillus and Candida species. The most common surgical intervention performed was intraocular antibiotics (74%) followed by pars plana vitrectomy (52%). CONCLUSION The most common etiology of endophthalmitis in children is bacterial and traumatic in nature and presented from the lower socio-economic status. A half of the eyes warranted a vitreo-retinal surgical intervention. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR & AEye, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vivek Pravin Dave
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreoretinal Diseases, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mudit Tyagi
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreoretinal Diseases, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joveeta Joseph
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Gu Q, Zheng Q, Zhang X, Lin L, Li S, Chen F, Zhang X, Yan LL, Chen W. Trends in Health Service Use for Dry Eye Disease From 2017 to 2021: A Real-World Analysis of 369,755 Outpatient Visits. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:17. [PMID: 38236189 PMCID: PMC10807500 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to analyze the trends and patterns in outpatient health service treatment of dry eye disease (DED) using real-world data from Yinzhou District in China. Methods The Yinzhou Health Information System is a comprehensive database including electronic medical records from 277 medical institutions representing over 1.64 million residents. We extracted outpatient records from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, that included the first diagnosis of DED according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (H04.101, H04.103, H11.104, H16.202, or H18.803). We analyzed the trends and patterns of DED outpatient visits using the Mann-Kendall trend test and Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results We identified a total of 369,755 outpatient visits from 145,712 patients with DED of all ages (60.37% female; 54.10% 50 years or older). Primary medical institutions had the largest number of DED outpatient visits (42%), followed by tertiary medical institutions (35%). Over the 5-year period, the number of DED outpatient visits increased from 59,260 to 90,807 (53.23%). We observed significant consecutive annual proportion increases in females (from 61.09% to 62.01%; P = 0.001), patients 50 years or older (from 55.10% to 60.08%; P < 0.001), and outpatient visits in primary medical institutions (from 33.19% to 48.75%; P < 0.001). Conclusions Our study found an increase in outpatient health service use for DED in Yinzhou from 2017 to 2021, with higher proportions and increases among females, patients 50 years or older, and primary medical institutions. Translational Relevance The rapid growth in the prevalence of DED indicates high eye healthcare needs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Gu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinxiang Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saiqing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangwei Chen
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | - Lijing L. Yan
- Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Peking University Institute for Global Health and Development, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
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Elbakary MA, Shalaby OE, Allam WA, Alagorie AR, Shafik HM. Quality of life improvement in dry eye patients after intense pulsed light therapy compared to punctal plugs. Oman J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:108-112. [PMID: 38524331 PMCID: PMC10957059 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_85_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) improvement in evaporative dry eye patients after treatment with intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy compared to punctal plug insertion. METHODS A prospective comparative interventional study included 30 patients with moderate-to-severe evaporative dry eye. Patients' QOL affection before and after treatment was assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Fifteen patients were treated with IPL therapy (Group 1). The other 15 patients were treated with silicone punctal plug insertion (Group 2). RESULTS Improvement of patients' QOL was noticed in all patients of Group 1, with significant improvement of OSDI score from a mean value of 56.9 to 22.9 (P = 0.001). Improvement was noticed in 80% of Group 2 patients (mean OSDI score pretreatment: 53.8 and posttreatment: 31.7, P = 0.017). The tear breakup time (TBUT) in Group 1 significantly improved from a mean of 3.2 s to 5.9 s (P = 0.001), whereas it showed no significant changes in Group 2 (mean TBUT pretreatment: 3.6 s and posttreatment: 3.9 s, P = 0.654). Complications occurred in 13.3% in Group 2, including punctal granuloma and proximal canalicular obstruction. No adverse effects were recorded in Group 1. CONCLUSION IPL therapy had better results with more improvement of patients' QOL compared to punctal plugs. It also showed a better safety profile with no reported complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molham A. Elbakary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Magrabi Eye Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Osama E. Shalaby
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Waleed A. Allam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Alagorie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Shafik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Venugopal R, Das AV, Takkar B, Narayanan R. Clinical Profile, Demographic Distribution and Risk Factors of Parafoveal Telangiectasia: An Electronic Medical Record-Driven Big Data Analytics from a Multitier Eye Care Network. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:102-108. [PMID: 37610827 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2249536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the demographics and clinical profile of parafoveal telangiectasia (PFT) and compare risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) among PFT and non-PFT patients. METHODS This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 2,834,616 new patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India between August 2010 and June 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of PFT in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. RESULTS Overall, 2,310 (0.081%) patients were diagnosed with PFT. Most of the patients were female (62.42%) with (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08), and had bilateral (84.85%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the sixth decade of life with 825 (35.71%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from an upper socio economic status (0.242%) presenting from the metropolitan geography (0.113%; OR = 2.37). Systemic history of diabetes mellitus (DM) with a mean duration of 122.03 ± 95.59 months was seen in 849 (36.75%) and hypertension in 609 (26.36%) patients. Of the 4,270 eyes, 2,441 (57.17%) eyes had a visual impairment of mild or no visual impairment (<20/70) followed by moderate visual impairment (>20/70-20/200) in 1022 (23.93%) eyes. The risk of sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) among PFT patients was higher (OR = 1.43) compared to non-PFT cohort. Choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) was observed in 481 (11.26%) eyes. CONCLUSION PFT is more common in females and is predominantly bilateral. PFT is more common in upper socio economic status and majority of the eyes had mild or moderate visual impairment. Diabetes and Hypertension are associated risk factors in PFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragukumar Venugopal
- Department of eyeSmart EMR & AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR & AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Das AV, Satyashree G, Joseph J, Bagga B. Herpes simplex virus keratitis: electronic medical records driven big data analytics report from a tertiary eye institute of South India. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4669-4676. [PMID: 37668848 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the demographics and clinical profile of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Keratitis in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in South India. METHODS We have reviewed the medical records of all patients having a clinical diagnosis of any form of HSV keratitis, seen between May 2012 and August 2020 across the L V Prasad Eye Institute network. All the further analyses of the groups were performed using the keywords used for making the diagnosis of HSV keratitis and the data were collected from the electronic medical record system. RESULTS There were a total of 8308 (N = 8897 eyes) patients. Male: female ratio was 5368 (64.61%):2940 (35.39%). Unilateral involvement was in 7719 (92.91%) patients. The most common age group affected was between the third to fifth decades of life with 1544 (18.58%). 3708 (1.68%) eyes had mild visual impairment (< 20/70) while the rest of them had moderate to severe visual impairment as observed mainly (p ≤ 0.01) in Necrotizing stromal keratitis. 7314 (82.21%) eyes had normal intraocular pressure (10-21 mm Hg) while raised most commonly in keratouveitis (P ≤ 0.01). Epithelial Keratitis, Immune Stromal Keratitis, Endotheliitis, Neurotrophic keratopathy and Keratouveitis were observed in 1875 (17.22%) eyes, 5430 (61.03%) eyes, in 129(1.45%) eyes, 1188 (13.35%) eyes, 148 (1.66%) eyes and 256 (2.88%) eyes respectively. CONCLUSION Based on our institute-based data, the most common type of HSV keratitis is Immune stromal keratitis followed by epithelial keratitis. Although not representative of the general population, this data provide useful insights related to HSV keratitis from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR & AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gagan Satyashree
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Ramoji foundation Centre of Ocular Infections, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joveeta Joseph
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Ramoji foundation Centre of Ocular Infections, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhupesh Bagga
- Ramoji foundation Centre of Ocular Infections, Hyderabad, India.
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India.
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Das AV, Venugopal R, Takkar B, Sharma S, Balakrishnan N, Narayanan R, Parameswarappa D, Padhy SK. Clinical profile and demographic distribution of Stargardt disease phenotypes: An Electronic medical record-driven big data analytics from a multitier eye care network. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3407-3411. [PMID: 37787244 PMCID: PMC10683681 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3290_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the demographics and clinical profile of Stargardt disease in patients presenting a multitier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods This cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed among 2,834,616 new patients presenting between August 2010 and June 2021 in our network. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of Stargardt disease in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Results Overall, 1,934 (0.069%) patients were diagnosed with Stargardt disease. Most of the patients were male (63.14%). The most common age group at presentation was during the second decade of life, with 626 (31.87%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a higher socioeconomic status (0.077%), in those presenting from the urban geography (0.079%), and in students (0.197%). Systemic history of hypertension was seen in 56 (2.85%) patients, while diabetes mellitus was seen in (2.49%) patients. Of the 3,917 eyes, 1,910 (48.76%) eyes had moderate visual impairment (>20/70-20/200) followed by severe visual impairment (>20/200 to 20/400) in 646 (16.49%) eyes. The most commonly associated retinal signs were retinal flecks in 1,260 (32.17%) eyes, followed by RPE changes in 945 (24.13%) eyes. The most documented investigations were autofluorescence (39.85%), followed by optical coherence tomography (23.90). Cataract surgery was the commonest performed surgical intervention in (0.66%) eyes, followed by intravitreal injection in 4 (0.10%) eyes. The family history of parent consanguinity marriage was reported by 212 (10.79%) patients. Conclusion Stargardt disease was seen more commonly in males presenting during the second decade of life. It is predominantly a bilateral disease, with the majority of the eyes having moderate visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of EyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ragukumar Venugopal
- Department of EyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sumant Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelima Balakrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepika Parameswarappa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srikanta Kumar Padhy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Seth PK, Senthil S, Das AV, Garudadri C. Prevalence of glaucoma types, clinical profile and disease severity at presentation: Tertiary Institute based cross-sectional study from South India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3305-3312. [PMID: 37787226 PMCID: PMC10683705 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3305_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the clinical profile and relative prevalence of subtypes of glaucoma presenting to a tertiary care center in India. Methods This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 6,120 new patients (>16 years) presenting between January 2016 and December 2017. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Results A total of 11,016 eyes of 6,120 new patients were diagnosed with glaucoma. Sixty-one percent were male and 79% had a bilateral affliction. Primary glaucoma was present in 4,352 (71.1%) and secondary glaucoma in 1,063 (17.4%) subjects. Glaucoma was primary open-angle (POAG) in 4,015 (36.4%) eyes and primary angle closure disease (PACD) in 3,806 (34.5%) eyes. Commonest among secondary glaucoma was post-cataract surgery glaucoma (3.1%), neovascular glaucoma (2.4%), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) (2.1%), and steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) (1.4%). Patients with primary glaucoma were older than secondary (56.6 ± 0.2 vs 54.1 ± 0.4; P < 0.0001). Mean IOP was higher in secondary glaucoma compared to primary (26.9 ± 0.3 vs 18.9 ± 0.1; P < 0.0001). Secondary glaucoma had greater mean CDR compared to primary glaucoma (0.77 ± 0.007 vs 0.70 ± 0.003; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of blindness (visual acuity <20/200) was 16.2% of eyes. Mean deviation (MD) 20db or worse was noted in 39.5% of eyes at presentation including 47.8% of PACG, 37.3% of POAG, 51% of JOAG, 58% of PXG, and 45% of SIG, suggesting disease severity. Conclusion At the presentation to a tertiary care center, 40% of all eyes with glaucoma had advanced disease with MD worse than - 20D. PACG and JOAG had the worse disease among primary; among secondary, PXG and SIG had the worse disease at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Seth
- Department of Glaucoma, VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sirisha Senthil
- Department of Glaucoma, VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of EyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrasekar Garudadri
- Department of Glaucoma, VST Centre for Glaucoma Care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Tanke LB, Kim EJ, Butterfield SD, Ashby GB, Bothun ED, Hodge DO, Mohney BG. Incidence and clinical characteristics of paediatric keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1253-1257. [PMID: 35568385 PMCID: PMC9653507 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To report the incidence and clinical characteristics of paediatric keratitis diagnosed over a 10-year period in a well-defined population. DESIGN Retrospective, population-based study. METHODS Setting: multicentre. POPULATION patients (<19 years) diagnosed with keratitis as residents of Olmsted County from 1 January 2000, through 31 December 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES calculated annual age-specific and gender-specific incidence rates, demographic information and initial and final visual acuity. RESULTS A total of 294 diagnoses of keratitis occurred in 285 children during the 10-year period, yielding an incidence of 78.0 per 100 000 younger than 19 years (95% CI 69.0 to 87.1) or approximately 1 in 1282 children. The incidence increased throughout the 10-year study period (p<0.001). The mean age at diagnosis was 15.3 years (range, 0.2-18.9) and 172 (60.4%) were women. The observed forms included keratitis due to contact lens wear in 134 (45.6%), infectious keratitis in 72 (24.5%), keratitis not otherwise specified in 65 (22.1%) and keratitis sicca in 23 (7.8%). The visual acuity was reduced to ≤20/40 in 61 (21.4) of the 285 patients at the initial examination and in 24 (8.4%) at the final examination. Children with infectious keratitis had the poorest presenting vision and the best final vision, whereas the reverse was true for those with keratitis sicca. CONCLUSIONS Keratitis, regardless of aetiology, was observed in approximately 1 in 1300 children by 19 years of age in this population-based cohort. Nearly half were related to contact lens wear and a decrease in vision to ≤ 20/40 occurred in 1 in 12 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel B Tanke
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric J Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Erick D Bothun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David O Hodge
- Department of Quantitative Heath, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brian G Mohney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Warjri GB, Das AV, Senthil S. Clinical profile and demographic distribution of pseudoexfoliation syndrome: An electronic medical record-driven big data analytics from an eye care network in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2746-2755. [PMID: 37417115 PMCID: PMC10491057 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2619_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the demographics and clinical profile of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF or PES) in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of PXF in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Results Overall, 23,223 (0.75%) patients were diagnosed with PXF. The majority of the patients were male (67.08%) and had unilateral (60.96%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the seventh decade of life with 9,495 (40.89%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a lower socio-economic status (1.48%) presenting from the urban geography (0.84%) and in retired individuals (3.61%). The most common location of the PXF material was the pupillary margin (81.01%) followed by the iris (19.15%). The majority of the eyes had mild or no visual impairment (<20/70) in 12,962 (40.14%) eyes. PXF glaucoma was documented in 7,954 (24.63%) eyes. Krukenberg's spindle was found in 64 (0.20%) eyes, phacodonesis in 328 (1.02%) eyes, and lens subluxation in 299 (0.93%) eyes. Among the surgical interventions, cataract surgery was performed in 8,363 (25.9%) eyes, trabeculectomy was performed in 966 (2.99%) eyes, and a combined procedure in 822 (2.55%) eyes. Conclusion PXF more commonly affects males presenting during the seventh decade of life from lower socio-economic status and is predominantly unilateral. A quarter of the affected eyes are associated with glaucoma and the majority of the eyes have mild or no visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazella Bruce Warjri
- VST Centre for Glaucoma Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, KallamAnji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of EyeSmart EMR andAEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sirisha Senthil
- VST Centre for Glaucoma Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, KallamAnji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Ren Y, Tian J, Shi W, Feng J, Liu Y, Kang H, Chen B, He Y. Evaluation and correlation analysis of ocular surface disorders and quality of life in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:229. [PMID: 37217899 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to reveal the association between ocular surface disorders and psychological, physiological situations among autoimmune rheumatic patients. METHODS Ninety autoimmune rheumatic patients (180 eyes) hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and 30 controls (60 eyes) were enrolled in the study. All participants were assessed for ocular surface disorders including dry eye disease (DED) by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) for symptoms evaluation, and slim lamp examinations for tear break-up time (TBUT), meibomian gland secretion, symblepharon and corneal clarity, Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF). Systematic conditions were evaluated using the Short Form 36-Health Survey (SF-36) for health-related quality of life, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depression, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) for difficulties in activities of daily living, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality. Pearson and spearman's analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between systematic conditions and ocular surface conditions. RESULTS The analyses were controlled for age and sex. 52.22% of eyes (94 in 180) of autoimmune rheumatic patients and 21.67% of eyes (13 in 60) of controls were diagnosed with DED. The autoimmune rheumatic patients showed significant higher OSDI score, fewer basal tear secretion, more severe CFS and conjunctivochalasis than controls. There were no statistically significant differences in TBUT, meibomian gland secretion, symblepharon, and corneal clarity between the two groups. For systematic conditions, autoimmune rheumatic patients had significantly lower SF-36 scores, higher anxiety scores, and HAQ-DI scores than controls. No statistically significant differences were detected in depression scores and PSQI between the two groups. Among autoimmune rheumatic patients, OSDI scores were moderately correlated with quality of life, anxiety, depression and sleep quality. CONCLUSION Factors including quality of life, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality are associated with ocular surface conditions, especially DED symptoms. Management of systemic conditions and psychotherapy should also be considered as part of the treatment among autoimmune rheumatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jianing Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yingyi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huanmin Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Baihua Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Das AV, Tyagi M, Kadam Y, Belenje A. Solar retinopathy in India: Clinical presentation and demographic distribution in 253 patients (349 eyes). Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2061-2065. [PMID: 37203081 PMCID: PMC10391367 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2620_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and presentation of solar retinopathy in patients who presented to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods This cross-sectional, hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting to the hospital between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of solar retinopathy in at least one eye were included in the study. All the data was collected using an electronic medical record system. Results Three hundred and forty-nine eyes of 253 (0.01%) patients were diagnosed with solar retinopathy and included in the study, and 157 patients (62.06%) had a unilateral affliction. Solar retinopathy was noted to be significantly more common in males (73.12%) and adults (98.81%). The most common age group at presentation was during the sixth decade of life with 56 (22.13%) patients. They were more commonly from the rural geography (41.9%). Among the 349 eyes, 275 (78.8%) eyes had mild or no visual impairment (<20/70), which was followed by moderate visual impairment (>20/70-20/200) found in 45 (12.89%) eyes. The most commonly associated ocular comorbidity was cataract in 48 (13.75%) eyes, followed by epiretinal membrane in 38 (10.89%) eyes. The most common retinal damage seen was interdigitation zone (IZ) disruption (38.68%), followed by inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) disruption (33.52%). Foveal atrophy was seen in 105 (30.09%) eyes. Conclusion Solar retinopathy is predominantly unilateral and is more common in males. It usually presents during the sixth decade of life and rarely causes significant visual impairment. The most common retinal damage seen was disruption of the outer retinal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of EyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mudit Tyagi
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Yogita Kadam
- Department of EyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Akash Belenje
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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15
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Whang WJ, Yun J, Koh K. Intense pulsed-light treatment improves objective optical quality in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:191. [PMID: 37118666 PMCID: PMC10148435 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate changes in objective optical quality following intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment combined with meibomian gland (MG) expression (MGX) in patients with MG dysfunction (MGD). METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included MGD-related dry eye disease (DED) patients who received IPL treatment between March and December 2021 at Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Each patient underwent four sessions of IPL treatment using Lumenis M22 (Lumenis Ltd., Yokneam, Israel) and MGX at three-week intervals. RESULTS This study included 90 eyes from 45 patients with MGD. The mean age was 52.3 ± 16.1 years (range, 20-75 years), and 53.3% (24/45) of patients were female. Compared with the baseline, all clinical symptoms and signs significantly improved after IPL treatment combined with MGX. All optical quality parameters obtained with an optical quality analysis system (OQAS: Visiometrics, Castelldefels, Spain) have improved significantly over the baseline (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with MGD, IPL treatment combined with MGX improved the objective optical quality and clinical signs and symptoms of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Joo Whang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongseop Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Koh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Das AV, Bagga B, Joseph J. Clinical Profile and Demographic Distribution of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: An Electronic Medical Record-Driven Data Analytics from an Eye Care Network in India. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37084281 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2199331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical profile of patients presented with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. METHODS This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 1945339 new patients registering between September 2016 and May 2022. Patients with clinically confirmed diagnosis of AK in one or both eyes were included in the study. All the relevant data were documented using an electronic medical record (EMR) system. RESULTS A total of 245 (0.013%) patients were diagnosed with AK and majority were male (62.86%) with unilateral (99.59%) affliction. The most common age group was during the fourth decade of life, 65 (26.53%) patients and predominantly were adults (95.51%). The prevalence of the infection was higher in patients from a lower socioeconomic status (43.27%) from rural geography (52.24%) and in agriculture-related work (28.16%). The most common inciting factor was injury with vegetative matter (8.98%), dust (7.76%) and contact lens wear (4.49%). The majority of the eyes had blindness (20/400 to 20/1200) in 116 (47.15%) eyes with a presenting visual acuity (logMAR) of 2.14 ± 1.04. Among the surgical interventions, therapeutic keratoplasty was performed in 41 (16.67%) eyes, penetrating keratoplasty in 22 (8.94%) eyes, and evisceration in 2 (0.81%) eyes. CONCLUSION AK more commonly affects males presenting during the fourth decade of life from lower socio-economic status and is predominantly unilateral. A fourth of the affected eyes underwent keratoplasty and the majority had significant visual impairment at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR & AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhupesh Bagga
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- The Ramoji Foundation Centre for Ocular Infections, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joveeta Joseph
- The Ramoji Foundation Centre for Ocular Infections, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Jhaveri Microbiology Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Zhao D, Zhao H, He Y, Zhang M. BMSC reduces ROS and inflammation levels by inhibiting TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling axis to alleviate dry eye. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2739871. [PMID: 37131693 PMCID: PMC10153363 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2739871/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on dry eye mice, and to investigate the mechanism of TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway on corneal injury repair in dry eye mice. Methods To establish a hypertonic dry eye cell model. Western blot for measureing the protein expressions of caspase-1, IL-1β,NLRP3 and ASC,and Rt-qpcr for mRNA expression. Flow cytometry for detecting the ROS content and apoptosis rate. CCK-8 for detecting the proliferation activity of cells, and ELISA for the levels of inflammation-related factors.The levels of inflammation-related factors were detected by ELISA. The dry eye mouse model of benzalkonium chloride was established. Three clinical parameters used to evaluate ocular surface damage, namely tear secretion, tear film rupture time and corneal sodium fluorescein staining, were measured with phenol cotton thread. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining are both for he apoptosis rate. Western blot also for detecting the protein expressions of TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, inflammation-related factors and apoptosis-related factors . The pathological changes were evaluated by HE and PAS staining. Results In vitro, BMSCs and inhibitors of TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB showed decreased ROS content, decreased inflammatory factor protein level, decreased apoptotic protein level and increased mRNA expression compared with NaCl group. BMSCS partially reversed cell apoptosis induced by NaCl and improved cell proliferation. In vivo, it reduces corneal epithelial defects, goblet cell loss and inflammatory cytokine production, and increases tear production. In vitro, BMSC and inhibitors of TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB could protect mice from apoptosis induced by hypertonic stress. In terms of mechanism, NACL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation, caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation can be inhibited. Conclusion BMSCs treatment can reduce ROS and inflammation levels and alleviate dry eye by inhibiting TLR4/MYD88/NF-κBsignaling pathway.
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Stapleton F, Abad JC, Barabino S, Burnett A, Iyer G, Lekhanont K, Li T, Liu Y, Navas A, Obinwanne CJ, Qureshi R, Roshandel D, Sahin A, Shih K, Tichenor A, Jones L. TFOS lifestyle: Impact of societal challenges on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 28:165-199. [PMID: 37062429 PMCID: PMC10102706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Societal factors associated with ocular surface diseases were mapped using a framework to characterize the relationship between the individual, their health and environment. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigating factors on ocular surface diseases were considered in a systematic review. Age and sex effects were generally well-characterized for inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune and trauma-related conditions. Sex and gender, through biological, socio-economic, and cultural factors impact the prevalence and severity of disease, access to, and use of, care. Genetic factors, race, smoking and co-morbidities are generally well characterized, with interdependencies with geographical, employment and socioeconomic factors. Living and working conditions include employment, education, water and sanitation, poverty and socioeconomic class. Employment type and hobbies are associated with eye trauma and burns. Regional, global socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions, include remoteness, geography, seasonality, availability of and access to services. Violence associated with war, acid attacks and domestic violence are associated with traumatic injuries. The impacts of conflict, pandemic and climate are exacerbated by decreased food security, access to health services and workers. Digital technology can impact diseases through physical and mental health effects and access to health information and services. The COVID-19 pandemic and related mitigating strategies are mostly associated with an increased risk of developing new or worsening existing ocular surface diseases. Societal factors impact the type and severity of ocular surface diseases, although there is considerable interdependence between factors. The overlay of the digital environment, natural disasters, conflict and the pandemic have modified access to services in some regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Juan Carlos Abad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antioquia Ophthalmology Clinic-Clofan, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Stefano Barabino
- ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale L. Sacco-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anthea Burnett
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geetha Iyer
- C. J. Shah Cornea Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaevalin Lekhanont
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tianjing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alejandro Navas
- Conde de Valenciana, National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Riaz Qureshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Danial Roshandel
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Afsun Sahin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Koc University Medical School, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kendrick Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anna Tichenor
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Das AV, Basu S. Incurable Blindness: The Final Frontier in Vision Restoration. Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:394-397. [PMID: 36967577 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2194980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Blindness with no light perception is clinically irreversible. This cross-sectional hospital-based study analyzed patients presenting with no light perception in at least one eye. Between 2010 and 2022, 60,668 (1.85%) such patients were identified, of which 3,476 (5.73%) had bilateral and 57,192 (94.27%) had unilateral blindness. The major causes were glaucoma (21.8%), trauma (17.7%), phthisis bulbi (13.1%), retinal diseases (10.6%), anophthalmos (7.8%), and optic atrophy (4.9%). The majority of the affected individuals were adults (89.9%) and male (64%), and affected individuals were more likely to be from the lower socio-economic strata (3.14%) and from a rural location (1.99%). Despite recent therapeutic advances in ophthalmology, many patients with blindness cannot be restored to sight. Although preventive measures can mitigate sight loss to some extent, regenerative therapies, retinal and ciliary body transplantation, and whole eyeball transplantation need to be developed as sight restorative procedures to help those who currently have no hope of regaining vision.
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Ting DSJ, Deshmukh R, Ting DSW, Ang M. Big data in corneal diseases and cataract: Current applications and future directions. Front Big Data 2023; 6:1017420. [PMID: 36818823 PMCID: PMC9929069 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2023.1017420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accelerated growth in electronic health records (EHR), Internet-of-Things, mHealth, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence (AI) in the recent years have significantly fuelled the interest and development in big data research. Big data refer to complex datasets that are characterized by the attributes of "5 Vs"-variety, volume, velocity, veracity, and value. Big data analytics research has so far benefitted many fields of medicine, including ophthalmology. The availability of these big data not only allow for comprehensive and timely examinations of the epidemiology, trends, characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of many diseases, but also enable the development of highly accurate AI algorithms in diagnosing a wide range of medical diseases as well as discovering new patterns or associations of diseases that are previously unknown to clinicians and researchers. Within the field of ophthalmology, there is a rapidly expanding pool of large clinical registries, epidemiological studies, omics studies, and biobanks through which big data can be accessed. National corneal transplant registries, genome-wide association studies, national cataract databases, and large ophthalmology-related EHR-based registries (e.g., AAO IRIS Registry) are some of the key resources. In this review, we aim to provide a succinct overview of the availability and clinical applicability of big data in ophthalmology, particularly from the perspective of corneal diseases and cataract, the synergistic potential of big data, AI technologies, internet of things, mHealth, and wearable smart devices, and the potential barriers for realizing the clinical and research potential of big data in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren S. J. Ting
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Darren S. J. Ting ✉
| | - Rashmi Deshmukh
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Daniel S. W. Ting
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Coats disease in India: clinical presentation and outcome in 675 patients (690 Eyes). Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:531-540. [PMID: 35987971 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the clinical profile, treatment, and visual outcome of patients with Coats disease in India. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, observational hospital-based study of patients diagnosed with Coats disease during a 10-year period using an electronic medical record system. RESULTS We identified 675 patients with Coats disease with a prevalence rate of 0.025%. The mean age of the patients was 16.8 years (median, 12 years). Majority were males (75%) with unilateral presentation (98%) in first decade of life (n = 309, 46%). The most common presentation was foveal exudation (stage 2B, n = 161, 23.3%), followed by exudative retinal detachment-extrafoveal (stage 3A1, n = 143, 20.7%), and extrafoveal exudation (stage 2A, n = 136, 19.7%). Treatment modalities included observation (48 eyes, 17%), laser photocoagulation ± intravitreal bevacizumab/triamcinolone acetonide (n = 82, 29%), cryotherapy ± intravitreal bevacizumab/triamcinolone acetonide (n = 64, 23%), and surgical intervention (n = 86, 31%). Despite appropriate treatment, at mean follow-up of 16 months, there was no significant difference between presenting and final visual acuity (48% vs. 48%, p > 0.05). Using multivariate regression analysis, factors associated with poor visual outcome were younger age (< 0.001; - 0.02 to - 0.1), unilateral disease (0.04; - 0.68 to - 0.01), cataract (0.004; 0.13 to 0.69), retinal detachment (< 0.001; 0.49 to 0.82), and glaucoma (< 0.001; 0.34 to 0.94). CONCLUSION The most common clinical presentation of Coats disease in India is foveal exudation in first and second decade. At initial presentation, about half of the affected eyes had blindness and one-third underwent surgical intervention.
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Wróbel-Dudzińska D, Osial N, Stępień PW, Gorecka A, Żarnowski T. Prevalence of Dry Eye Symptoms and Associated Risk Factors among University Students in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1313. [PMID: 36674068 PMCID: PMC9859544 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye symptoms (DES) among university students in Poland. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study survey was conducted among 312 Polish university students. The questionnaire consisted of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), the 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5) and questions regarding medical history and risk factors. Results: According to the OSDI, more than half of respondents (57.1%) have symptoms of ocular surface disease. Time spent using electronic devices is correlated with scores gathered in both OSDI and DEQ-5 (p < 0.001). There is a statistically significant dependence between psychotropics (p = 0.002), glucocorticosteroids usage (p = 0.026), the presence of depression (p < 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.01) or allergy (p = 0.008) and dry eye symptoms proved in both questionnaires. Respondents with refractive errors and those living in metropolitan areas have a statistically higher symptom intensity(p < 0.022). Stress felt by students is associated with higher DES risk. No correlation between DES and smoking habits was observed. The history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with the severity of DES (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Pathogenesis of DES is multifactorial and its severity depends on several factors, both genetic and environmental. Its prevalence among the young population is underestimated. Determining risk factors will enable the implementation of appropriate prophylaxis and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Wróbel-Dudzińska
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
| | - Natalia Osial
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Adrianna Gorecka
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Żarnowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
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Subjective Dry Eye Symptoms in Pregnant Women-A SPEED Survey. J Pregnancy 2023; 2023:3421269. [PMID: 36643075 PMCID: PMC9833932 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3421269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Multisystemic physiological changes in pregnancy can result in tear film and refractive changes in the eye. We report dry eye prevalence in pregnant women using Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire. Methods The SPEED questionnaire was self-administered cross-sectionally to 428 pregnant women (mean age: 26.8 ± 4.4 years) with clinically confirmed pregnancy from two obstetric clinics in Chennai, India. Subjects with predisposing risk factors for dry eye were excluded from the study. Subjects were categorized as normal, moderate, and severe dry eye based on the SPEED score. Results Among the women, 48.5% of the subjects had symptoms like dryness, grittiness or scratchiness, soreness or irritation, burning or watering, or eye fatigue. About 2.3% had moderate dry eye according to SPEED questionnaire criteria. Eye fatigue was the most reported symptom and was present in 76.4% of women. The symptom frequency score and severity score had a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.95, P < .001). No significant correlation was noted among SPEED score vs age (r = -0.02, P > .05). No significant correlation was found between symptoms of dry eye and gravidity (ρ = -0.006, P > .05) and trimester (ρ = 0.38, P > .05). Binary logistic regression showed that only occupational status and systemic condition was significantly associated with dry eye symptoms. Conclusion About half the pregnant women at the visit reported having one or more dry eye-related symptoms. As per the composite SPEED questionnaire score, dry eye was not prevalent among pregnant women irrespective of their age, gravidity, and the trimester, but we found a majority of pregnant women reported to have experienced dry eye-related symptoms, though tolerable. Awareness about dry eye during pregnancy will improve eye care seeking behaviour in pregnant women.
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Nibandhe AS, Donthineni PR. Understanding and Optimizing Ocular Biometry for Cataract Surgery in Dry Eye Disease: A Review. Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:24-30. [PMID: 35989638 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2022.2112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the impact of dry eye disease (DED) on the components of ocular biometry and ways to optimize the visual outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with DED. METHODOLOGY A thorough literature review of the components pertaining to this review was undertaken using the databases, PubMed (from the year 2000), MEDLINE, CENTRAL (including Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register; Cochrane Library: Issue 12 of 12 December 2019), metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials. com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrial.gov) and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). The keywords used for the search included "cataract surgery" or "phacoemulsification" combined with "dry eye", "dry eye disease","biometry", "keratometry". RESULTS Publications considered for this review included meta-analysis, systematic reviews, case-control and cohort studies, case series, and laboratory-based studies. Published articles reporting tear film alteration in DED, its impact on the quality of vision and optical aberrations, the effect of topical medications on keratometry variations, and reports on optimizing the ocular surface before cataract surgery were included. CONCLUSIONS DED is a common entity seen in patients presenting to routine cataract clinics and is known to impact the accuracy, reliability, and repeatability of ocular biometry and IOL power calculations in them. This review intends to emphasize the preoperative screening for the presence of DED, initiation of appropriate medical management for optimization of the ocular surface before cataract surgery, and recommendations for performing biometry. The algorithmic approach proposed will help the general ophthalmologists in routine practice to provide quality care and acceptable visual outcomes in patients with pre-existing DED.
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Bothra N, Saini P, Ali MJ. Age-Related Changes in the Lacrimal Punctum Morphology in a Normal Population: Punctum Update (PUP) Study-Paper 1. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:34-39. [PMID: 35657668 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) morphology of the lacrimal punctum and assess the age-related changes across 8 decades of life in a normal population. METHODS A total of 1310 high-magnification slit-lamp, Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were obtained from 320 puncta of normal asymptomatic individuals representing the Indian population. The punctum and peri-punctal area were defined with the help of 2 rims (inner punctal rim and outer punctal rim ) and 3 zones (white zone [Wz], separation zone [Sz], and peri-punctal vascularity). FD-OCT images were used to measure the external punctal diameters and internal lacrimal punctal diameters and the reflectivity patterns of the 3 punctal layers. OCTA was used to assess the branching and extent of vascular networks. RESULTS The upper puncta were narrower and more circular than the lower puncta across the decades. The elevation of the punctal papilla began in the upper puncta in the fifth decade, involved the lower puncta in the sixth decade, and gradually became exaggerated by the eighth decade. A typical punctal narrowing in previously wide puncta began to appear in the sixth decade of life, peaks in the seventh decade, and reverses gradually and spontaneously by the end of the eighth decade of life. The third and fourth decades saw a narrowing of the Sz with prominent vascularity crossing the Sz to reach the Wz. The Sz became indistinct in the fifth and sixth decades of life. The FD-OCT showed gradual thickening and dominance of the fibrous layer from the fifth to eighth decade of life. The clinical vascularity in the peri-punctal region increases from the third decade onwards, with vascular networks becoming increasingly dense, intricate, and branched as the age progresses. CONCLUSION The present study defined and characterized the involutional changes in a normal population's first-eighth decades of life. Significant morphological changes were noticed across the different age groups with several clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Bothra
- Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-34, India
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Marta A, Marques JH, Almeida D, José D, Sousa P, Barbosa I. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the ocular surface. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:9619-9627. [PMID: 36186209 PMCID: PMC9516944 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i27.9619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been increased reports of dry eyes in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era.
AIM To analyze the differences in tear film properties from pre- and post-pandemic of the COVID-19 era.
METHODS It was a retrospective comparative study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the data of multimodal ocular surface evaluation: (1) Group 1 if it was before Portugal lockdown decision (from August 2019 to March 2020); (2) Group 2 if it was after Portugal lockdown decision but without mask mandate (from April 2020 to October 2020); and (3) Group 3 if it was after Portugal lockdown but with mask mandate in health public highway (from November 2020 to April 2021). The following variables were analyzed: Lipid layer thickness, blink rate, Schirmer test, tear meniscus height, tear osmolarity, non-invasive break-up time, and loss area of the meibomian glands.
RESULTS The study included 548 eyes of 274 patients, aged 18 years to 89 years, with a mean age of 66.15 ± 13.40 years at the time of multimodal ocular surface evaluation. Compared to group 1: (1) Mean lipid layer thickness was better in group 2 (P = 0.001) and group 3 (P < 0.001); (2) Schirmer test was similar in group 2 (P = 0.576) and better in group 3 (P = 0.002); (3) Tear osmolarity and loss area of the meibomian glands were worse in group 2 (P = 0.031 and P < 0.001, respectively) and in group 3 (both with P < 0.001); (4) Blink rate and tear meniscus height were similar in group 2 (P = 0.821 and P = 0.370, respectively) and worse in group 3 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.038, respectively); and (5) Non-invasive break-up time was worse in group 2 (P = 0.030) and similar in group 3 (P = 0.263).
CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that differences existed in tear film properties comparing data from the pre- and post-pandemic of the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto 4099-001, Portugal
| | - Joao Heitor Marques
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto 4099-001, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto 4099-001, Portugal
| | - Diana José
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto 4099-001, Portugal
| | - Paulo Sousa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto 4099-001, Portugal
| | - Irene Barbosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto 4099-001, Portugal
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Das AV, Venugopal R, Reddy JC. Clinical profile and demographic distribution of ophthalmia nodosa: An electronic medical record-driven big data analytics from a multitier eye care network. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3266-3271. [PMID: 36018100 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_335_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the demographics and clinical profile of ophthalmia nodosa in patients presenting to a multitier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods This cross-sectional, hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of ophthalmia nodosa in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Results Overall, 434 (0.014%) patients were diagnosed with ophthalmia nodosa. Most of the patients were male (71.43%) and had unilateral (97.7%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the third decade of life with 116 (26.73%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a higher socioeconomic status (0.015%) presenting from the urban geography (0.019%) and in professionals (0.027%). The setae were identified and removed at presentation in 287 (66.13%) patients. The most common location of the setae was conjunctiva (45.72%) followed by cornea (39.64%). Most of the eyes (355; 79.95%) had mild or no visual impairment (<20/70). The most documented ocular signs were eye lid edema (35.81%), conjunctival congestion (73.87%), and corneal abrasion (29.05%). Less than one-tenth of the eyes required a surgical intervention for removal of the setae, corneal foreign body removal was performed in 10 (2.25%) eyes and conjunctival foreign body removal in four (0.90%) eyes. Conclusion Ophthalmia nodosa more commonly affects males presenting during the third decade of life and is predominantly unilateral. The setae are most commonly lodged in the conjunctiva followed by the cornea, and the majority of the eyes have mild or no visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR & AEye, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ragukumar Venugopal
- Department of eyeSmart EMR & AEye, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Center, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jagadesh C Reddy
- Cataract and Refractive Services, The Cornea Institute, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Parameswarappa DC, Das AV, Thakur PS, Takkar B, Multani PK, Padhy SK, Doctor MB, Agarwal K, Jalali S. Retinitis pigmentosa in Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics: Report II. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2533-2538. [PMID: 35791150 PMCID: PMC9426086 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2268_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation and demographic distribution of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in Laurence–Moon–Bardet–Biedl (LMBB) syndrome patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational hospital-based study wherein 244 patients with RP in LMBB syndrome presenting to our hospital network between March 2012 and October 2020 were included. An electronic medical record database was used for data retrieval. Results: There were 244 patients in total, with a hospital-based prevalence rate of 0.010% or 1000/100,000 population. The mean and median age of patients was 15.22 ± 7.56 and 14 (IQR: 10–18.5) years, respectively, with the majority being in the age group of 11–20 years (133/244 patients; 54.50%). Males were more commonly affected (164 patients; 67.21%), and the majority (182 patients; 74.59%) were students. All 244 patients (100%) complained of defective central vision at presentation. More than one-fourth of the patients had severe visual impairment to blindness at presentation. Prominent retinal feature at presentation was diffuse or widespread retinal pigment epithelial degeneration in all patients. Conclusion: Patients with RP in LMBB syndrome present mainly in the first to second decade of life with severe visual acuity impairment to blindness early in life. It is important to rule out LMBB syndrome in early-onset RP with central visual acuity impairment. On the contrary, all patients diagnosed or suspected with LMBB syndrome systemic features at physician clinic should also be referred for ophthalmic evaluation, low vision assessment, rehabilitation, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony V Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR and AEye; Standard Charted Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pratima S Thakur
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases; Standard Charted Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prabhjot K Multani
- Retina and Uveitis Department, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srikant K Padhy
- Vitreoretina and Uveitis Services, Mithu Tulasi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mariya B Doctor
- Department of Standard Charted Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Komal Agarwal
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhadra Jalali
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Parameswarappa DC, Das AV, Doctor MB, Natarajan R, Agarwal K, Jalali S. Retinitis pigmentosa in Usher syndrome in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics: Report III. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2540-2545. [PMID: 35791152 PMCID: PMC9426063 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2272_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation and demographic distribution of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in patients with Usher syndrome (USH). Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational hospital-based study including patients presenting between March 2012 and October 2020. In total, 401 patients with a clinical diagnosis of USH and RP in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were retrieved from the electronic medical record database. For better analysis, all 401 patients were reclassified into three subtypes (type 1, type 2, and type 3) based on the USH criteria. Results: In total, there were 401 patients with USH and RP, with a hospital-based prevalence rate of 0.02% or 2/10,000 population. Further, 353/401 patients were subclassified, with 121 patients in type 1, 146 patients in type 2, and 86 patients in the type 3 USH group. The median age at presentation was 27 years (IQR: 17.5–38) years. There were 246 (61.35%) males and 155 (38.65%) females. Males were more commonly affected in all three subtypes. Defective night vision was the predominant presenting feature in all types of USH (type 1: 43 (35.54%), type 2: 68 (46.58%), and type 3: 40 (46.51%) followed by defective peripheral vision. Patients with type 2 USH had more eyes with severe visual impairment. Conclusion: RP in USH is commonly bilateral and predominantly affects males in all subtypes. Patients with USH and RP will have more affection of peripheral vision than central vision. The key message of our study is early visual and hearing rehabilitation in USH patients with prompt referral to otolaryngologists from ophthalmologists and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of EyeSmart EMR & Aeye, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Ramya Natarajan
- Department of Ophthalmic Biophysics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Komal Agarwal
- Srimati Kanuri Santamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhadra Jalali
- Srimati Kanuri Santamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Veernala I, Jaffet J, Fried J, Mertsch S, Schrader S, Basu S, Vemuganti G, Singh V. Lacrimal gland regeneration: The unmet challenges and promise for dry eye therapy. Ocul Surf 2022; 25:129-141. [PMID: 35753665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DED (Dry eye disease) is a common multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and the tear film. DED has gained attention globally, with millions of people affected.. Although treatment strategies for DED have shifted towards Tear Film Oriented Therapy (TFOT), all the existing strategies fall under standard palliative care when addressed as a long-term goal. Therefore, different approaches have been explored by various groups to uncover alternative treatment strategies that can contribute to a full regeneration of the damaged lacrimal gland. For this, multiple groups have investigated the role of lacrimal gland (LG) cells in DED based on their regenerating, homing, and differentiating capabilities. In this review, we discuss in detail therapeutic mechanisms and regenerative strategies that can potentially be applied for lacrimal gland regeneration as well as their therapeutic applications. This review mainly focuses on Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye Disease (ADDE) caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction and possible future treatment strategies. The current key findings from cell and tissue-based regenerative therapy modalities that could be utilised to achieve lacrimal gland tissue regeneration are summarized. In addition, this review summarises the available literature from in vitro to in vivo animal studies, their limitations in relation to lacrimal gland regeneration and the possible clinical applications. Finally, current issues and unmet needs of cell-based therapies in providing complete lacrimal gland tissue regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Induvahi Veernala
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jilu Jaffet
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jasmin Fried
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Mertsch
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schrader
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India
| | - Geeta Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Vivek Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India.
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Kitazawa K, Inotmata T, Shih K, Hughes JWB, Bozza N, Tomioka Y, Numa K, Yokoi N, Campisi J, Dana R, Sotozono C. Impact of aging on the pathophysiology of dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ocul Surf 2022; 25:108-118. [PMID: 35753664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye disease (DED) is a common age-related ocular surface disease. However, it is unknown how aging influences the ocular surface microenvironment. This systematic review aims to investigate how the aging process changes the ocular surface microenvironment and impacts the development of DED. METHODS An article search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. 44 studies reporting on age-related ocular changes and 14 large epidemiological studies involving the prevalence of DED were identified. 8 out of 14 epidemiological studies were further analyzed with meta-analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were followed. Study-specific estimates (impact of aging on the prevalence of DED) were combined using one-group meta-analysis in a random-effects model. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed the prevalence of DED in the elderly aged 60 years old or older was 5519 of 60107 (9.2%) and the odds ratio of aging compared to younger age was 1.313 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.107, 1.557). With increasing age, the integrity of the ocular surface and tear film stability decreased. Various inflammatory cells, including senescent-associated T-cells, infiltrated the ocular surface epithelium, lacrimal gland, and meibomian gland, accompanied by senescence-related changes, including accumulation of 8-OHdG and lipofuscin-like inclusions, increased expression of p53 and apoptosis-related genes, and decreased Ki67 positive cells. CONCLUSIONS The aging process greatly impacts the ocular surface microenvironment, consequently leading to DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kitazawa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takenori Inotmata
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Hospital Administration, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kendric Shih
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKUMed), Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Niha Bozza
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Yasufumi Tomioka
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Numa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto, Japan
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Singh S, Srivastav S, Mohamed A, Basu S. Non-invasive Tear Film Assessment in Normal Population: Effect of Age, Sex, and Interparametric Relationship. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:894184. [PMID: 35721069 PMCID: PMC9198354 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.894184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate age- and sex-related differences in tear film parameters of normal Indian population and study interparametric relationships. Methods Healthy subjects with no ocular disease (median ocular surface disease index = 0) were subjected to an automated evaluation of tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT) using Keratograph 5M (OCULUS GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), and tear osmolarity using the TearLab Osmolarity System (TearLab Corporation, California, USA). A mixed-effects model with random intercepts at the patient level was used to evaluate the relationships between explanatory (age, gender, and tear osmolarity) and outcome variables (TMH and NIBUT). Results A total of 237 subjects (474 eyes; 150 males) were enrolled with a mean age of 40 ± 17 years (range, 10-78 years). The mean values (± standard deviation) of TMH, NIBUT, and tear osmolarity were 0.34 ± 0.07 mm, 10.95 ± 2.02 s and 289.0 ± 5.8 mOsm/L, respectively. Age had a significant positive relationship with TMH (p < 0.0001; 0.002 mm/year; r = 0.12), but there was no effect on NIBUT (p = 0.26) and tear osmolarity (p = 0.27). There were no sex-based differences in tear film parameters. Interparametric relationship revealed no significant association between TMH and NIBUT (p = 0.12) or tear osmolarity and TMH (p = 0.83) or tear osmolarity and NIBUT values (p = 0.48). Conclusions In a normal Indian population, TMH is weakly affected by age and is independent of sex, NIBUT, and tear osmolarity. Tear breakup time and osmolarity show no significant age- and sex-related variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saumya Srivastav
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashik Mohamed
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Das AV, Kadam Y, Tyagi M. Clinical Profile and Demographic Distribution of Synchysis Scintillans: An Electronic Medical Record-Driven Big Data Analytics From an Eye Care Network in India. Cureus 2022; 14:e25982. [PMID: 35855253 PMCID: PMC9286302 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To describe the demographics and clinical profile of synchysis scintillans in patients presenting to a multitier ophthalmology hospital network in India. Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of synchysis scintillans in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. Results: Overall, 93 (0.003%) patients were diagnosed with synchysis scintillans. About half of the patients were male (50.54%) and had unilateral (81.72%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the seventh decade of life with 38 (40.86%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a higher socioeconomic status (0.003%) presenting from the metropolitan geography (0.005%) and in retired individuals (0.018%). A systemic history of diabetes mellitus was documented in 13 (13.98%) patients and hypertension was documented in 15 (16.13%) patients. The majority of the eyes had mild or no visual impairment (<20/70) in 74 (67.27%) eyes. The most commonly associated ocular comorbidity was cataract in 61 (55.45%) eyes followed by glaucoma in eight (7.27%) eyes. Among the surgical interventions performed for the ocular comorbidities, cataract surgery was performed in nine (8.18%) eyes, and vitreoretinal surgery and trabeculectomy were performed in two (1.82%) eyes each. Conclusion: Synchysis scintillans equally affect males and females presenting during the seventh decade of life and is predominantly unilateral. The majority of the eyes have mild or no visual impairment and over half of the eyes have an associated cataract.
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Clinical and Demographic Profile of Uveal Coloboma: A hospital-based Study of 14,371 eyes of 9557 Indian Patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 242:1-6. [PMID: 35613650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the demographics and clinical profile of uveal coloboma in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India. DESIGN Cross- sectional hospital -based study. METHODS This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 2,817,766 new patients presenting between August 2010 and May 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of uveal coloboma in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system. RESULTS Overall, 9,557 (0.34%) patients were diagnosed with uveal coloboma. Just over half of the patients were male (51.82%) and had bilateral (50.37%) affliction. The most common age group at presentation was during the second decade of life with 2,198 (23%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a lower socio-economic status (0.53%) and presenting from the rural geography (0.39%). The most common type was retino-choroidal coloboma in 8,049 (84.22%) patients followed by iris coloboma in 2,129 (22.28%) patients. The most common Ida Mann classification in the eyes with retino-choroidal coloboma was type 4 in 7,049 (57.23%) eyes followed by type 2 in 3,685 (29.92%) eyes. In the 14,371 eyes, 5,696 (39.64%) eyes had a visual impairment of blindness (>20/400) followed by mild or no visual impairment (<20/70) in 2,875 (20.01%) eyes. In the 2,228 (15.5%) eyes that required a surgical/ laser intervention, cataract surgery was performed in 951 (6.62%) eyes, vitreo-retinal surgery in 661 (4.6%) eyes followed by laser photocoagulation in 357 (2.48%) eyes. CONCLUSION Uveal Coloboma is more common in males, is predominantly bilateral in the population studied. It is more commonly found in patients from lower socio-economic strata and from a rural background. The most common type is retino-choroidal coloboma and over a third of the eyes are affected with blindness.
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Doctor MB, Basu S. Lacrimal Gland Insufficiency in Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye Disease: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Semin Ophthalmol 2022; 37:801-812. [PMID: 35587465 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2022.2075706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aqueous deficiency dry eye disease is a chronic and potentially sight-threatening condition, that occurs due to the dysfunction of the lacrimal glands. The aim of this review was to describe the various recent developments in the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal gland insufficiency in aqueous deficiency dry eye disease. METHODS A MEDLINE database search using PubMed was performed using the keywords: "dry eye disease/syndrome", "aqueous deficient/deficiency dry eye disease", "lacrimal gland" and "Sjogren's syndrome". After scanning through 750 relevant abstracts, 73 eligible articles published in the English language from 2016 to 2021 were included in the review. RESULTS Histopathological and ultrastructural studies have revealed new insights into the pathogenesis of cicatrising conjunctivitis-induced aqueous deficiency, where the lacrimal gland acini remain uninvolved and retain their secretory property, while significant ultrastructural changes in the gland have been observed. Recent advances in diagnosis include the techniques of direct clinical assessment of the lacrimal gland morphology and secretion, tear film osmolarity, tear film lysozyme and lactoferrin levels, tear film interferometry and lacrimal gland confocal microscopy. Developments in the treatment of aqueous deficiency dry eye disease, apart from the nanoparticle-based tear substitutes, include secretagogues like diquafosol tetrasodium and rebamipide, anti-inflammatory topical agents like nanomicellar form of cyclosporine and lifitegrast, scleral contact lenses, neurostimulation, and acupuncture for increasing the amount of tear production, minor salivary gland transplantation, faecal microbial transplantation, lacrimal gland regeneration and mesenchymal stem cell therapy. CONCLUSIONS Significant advances in the understanding, diagnosis and management of lacrimal gland insufficiency and its role in aqueous deficiency dry eye disease have taken place within the second half of the last decade. Of which, translational breakthroughs in terms of newer drug formulations and regenerative medicine are most promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya B Doctor
- Academy of Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Khorshed EAE, El-Naggar SA, El-Gohary SS, Awad AMB, Ahmed AS. Occupational ocular health problems among marble workers at Shaq El Tho'ban industrial area in Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37445-37457. [PMID: 35066853 PMCID: PMC9106598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Eye health of the working population is an essential condition for productivity. Marble industry is processed at large scale at Shaq El Tho'ban area where much dust, crushed pieces of stone, and fluctuating temperatures are endangering employees' health generally and eye health specifically. The objectives of this study were assessing the prevalence of the most common ocular health problems associated with marble industry and investigating the impact of the working environment and occupational risk factors on the oculo-visual status of marble workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 workers, working at Shaq El Tho'ban area in Egypt during the period from August 2020 to September 2021, using a semi-structured questionnaire and eye examination comprised of full ocular history, visual acuity testing (unaided/aided), slit lamp examination, ophthalmoscopy, and Schirmer's type I and tear break up time tests. The current study showed that gritty sensation (65.2%) and eye dryness (51.2%) were the commonest symptoms complained. By examination, conjunctival hyperemia (59.6%) was the most prevalent finding. By performing dry eye tests, dry eye was diagnosed in 60.4% and 51.2% of workers by Schirmer's test and tear break up time test respectively. The study's results indicated that age, working category, smoking, and diabetes had significant impact on development of ocular symptoms, while working duration, diabetes, smoking, ocular symptoms, and ocular foreign body had significant impact on development of dry eye disease. Implementation of engineering control measures, proper designing, and supply of eye PPE together with adequate health education to all workers about occupational health risks and preventive measures are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjy A E Khorshed
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Safaa A El-Naggar
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samia S El-Gohary
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M B Awad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amani S Ahmed
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Wang N, Zhuang X, Zhong X, Zhang J, Li G, Li S. Questionnaire Analysis on Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye in Children From a Myopia Outpatient Clinic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:846709. [PMID: 35237636 PMCID: PMC8882960 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.846709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of dry eye in children from a myopia outpatient clinic via a questionnaire and Keratograph 5M. Methods A cross–sectional study was performed. sThere were 214 children (428 eyes) selected from the myopia outpatient clinic of the affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from July 2021 to September 2021, including 105 boys (210 eyes) and 109 girls (218 eyes), with an average age of 10.1 ± 2.5 years. The incidence rate and influence factors for dry eye were calculated. Results Thirty–four of 214 children were diagnosed with dry eye, accounting for 15.9% of the patients. The correlation between fussy eating and the tear meniscus height was statistically significant (Z = −2.158, p = 0.039), along with the correlation between short–distance use of eyes and the tear meniscus height (Z = −2.135, p = 0.033). The degree of meibomian gland deficiency was graded. The meibomian gland was graded as grade 1 in 242 eyes (68.9%), grade 2 in 104 eyes (29.6%), and grade 3 in 5 eyes (1.4%). There was a significant difference in the correlation between eye rubbing and the incidence of dry eye in children (Z = −2.747, p = 0.008). There was also a significant difference in the correlation between picky eating and the incidence of dry eye in children (Z = −2.347; p = 0.024). There was a statistically significant correlation between the time of looking at electronic products and the morphology of the meibomian gland (Z = −2.201, p = 0.028). The results showed that the effect of mild and moderate ametropia on the non–invasive tear breakup time in children was statistically significant (Z = −2.027; p = 0.043). Conclusion There is a high incidence of dry eye in children in the myopia outpatient clinic. There is a significant correlation between picky eating, eye rubbing, and the incidence of dry eye. Looking at electronic products for a long time will also affect the morphology of the meibomian gland in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - XiaoYun Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - XiaoWei Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - GuangWei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Suxia Li
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Suxia Li
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Eftimov P, Yokoi N, Georgiev GA. Surface Chemistry Study of the Interactions of Sesame Oil with Meibomian Films. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020464. [PMID: 35056778 PMCID: PMC8777812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A possible approach for the treatment of meibomian gland disease (MGD) can be the supplementation of meibomian gland secretion (MGS) with nonpolar lipids (NPL) rich plant oils. Sesame oil (SO), approximately equal in monounsaturated fat (oleic acid, 40% of total) and polyunsaturated fat (linoleic acid, 42% of total), has shown multiple health benefits due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Thus, the interactions between SO and MGS in surface layers deserve further study. Therefore, pseudobinary films were formed with controlled MGS/SO molar ratios (0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, and 100% SO) at the air/water surface of the Langmuir trough over phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) subphase. Surface pressure (π)-area (A) isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy observations showed nonideal interactions where SO aggregates with MGS and complements the NPL stratum of the meibomian layers. The analysis of stress relaxation transients with Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation revealed that the supplementation of fixed amount of MGS with excess lipids via SO altered the dilatational elasticity of the films as reflected by the increase of the exponent β. Thus, SO with its unique combination of high oxidative stability and abundance of long polyunsaturated acyl chains might be a useful supplement to MGS layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Eftimov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Georgi As. Georgiev
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2-962-3157
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Zhou X, Dai Y, Zhai Z, Hong J. WAY-100635 Alleviates Corneal Lesions Through 5-HT 1A Receptor-ROS-Autophagy Axis in Dry Eye. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:799949. [PMID: 34970573 PMCID: PMC8712493 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.799949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore whether 5-HT1A receptors are involved in the dry eye disease (DED) mouse model and reveal its underlying mechanism. Methods: A C57BL/6J mouse DED model was established via the administration of 0.2% benzalkonium chloride twice a day for 14 days. Corneal fluorescein sodium staining score and Schirmer I test were checked before, and on days 7, 14, and 21 after treatment. The experiment was randomly divided into control, DED, 5-HT1A receptor agonist with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and 5-HT1A receptor antagonist with or without NAC groups. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assays. Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression levels of autophagic proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3B-I/II) and autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5). Results: 5-HT1A receptor agonist (8-OH-DPAT) increased corneal fluorescein sodium staining spots and 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (WAY-100635) decreased them. Treatment with 8-OH-DPAT was associated with the gene expression of more inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) compared with treatment with WAY-100635. An increased expression of LC3B-I/II and ATG5 was observed in corneal epithelial cells in the mouse model of DED. 8-OH-DPAT significantly enhanced the expression of LC3B-I/II and ATG5 by disrupting ROS levels. WAY-100635 alleviates autophagy by inhibiting ROS production. Conclusion: Excessive ROS release through 8-OH-DPAT induction can lead to impaired autophagy and increased inflammatory response in DED. WAY-100635 reduces corneal epithelial defects and inflammation in DED, as well as alleviates autophagy by inhibiting ROS production. The activation of the 5-HT1A receptor-ROS-autophagy axis is critically involved in DED development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimeng Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Eftimov P, Ewurum A, Ankem A, Borchman D, Georgiev GA. Correlations between bulk and surface properties of meibomian lipids with alteration of wax-to-sterol esters content. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 242:105163. [PMID: 34864017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In a recent study (Ewurum et al., 2021), wax (WE) and sterol esters (CE) from human meibum secretions (MGS) were separated and reconstituted with controlled WE/CE ratios (0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100% CE weight fractions). It was found that the alterations in the CE content of WE/CE mixtures modified the hydrocarbon chain conformation and packing of the mixture. A major question that emerges is whether the spectroscopic packing parameters determined for bulk meibum translate to a change in the performance of meibomian layers at the air/water interface, as it is the surface film functionality that is crucial for the performance of MGS at the ocular surface. The study of human meibum films with Langmuir surface balance was performed to access the surface properties at blink-like deformations of the film area. Surface pressure (π)-area (A) isocycles and stress relaxations were used to assess the layer's reorganization during area cycling and dilatational elasticity, respectively. The morphology of the films was monitored by Brewster angle microscopy. It was found that the increased order and chain melting temperature of the bulk samples correlated with a raise in the maximum surface pressure attained at minimal surface area and in the transient dilatational modulus of the meibomian layers. Such correlations may allow for development of an improved understanding between the bulk and surface properties of human meibum and of other natural and synthetic tear lipid films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Eftimov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anthony Ewurum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Akhila Ankem
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Douglas Borchman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Georgi As Georgiev
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Interdisciplinary Complex, IST, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Chatterjee S, Agrawal D. Short tear film breakup time-type of dry eye in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:3463-3468. [PMID: 34826975 PMCID: PMC8837354 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_327_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of short tear film break-up time (TBUT) type of dry eye disease and compare it with other types of dry eye diseases. Methods This cross-sectional study included 570 patients (≥ 20 years) from the outpatient department using systematic random sampling. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of short TBUT type of dry eye disease was 5.4% (95% confidence interval: 3.2-6.8%). There was no difference (P > 0.05) between the total and subscale scores of the Ocular Surface Disease Index® questionnaire between patients with short TBUT and those with aqueous tear deficiency. Both these groups differed significantly (P < 0.05) in the findings of TBUT, Schirmer I test, and Lissamine green staining score. The common symptoms in patients with short TBUT type of dry eye disease were eye fatigue (25.4%), heaviness in the eye (19.7%), and an uncomfortable sensation (14.1%). The symptoms in the aqueous tear deficiency group were light sensitivity (28.2%), dryness (19.2%), burning (13.0%), foreign body sensation (12.8%), and blurring of vision (14.1%). The risk factors associated with short TBUT type of dry eye disease were the presence of meibomian gland dysfunction (odds ratio: 3.759 [95% confidence interval: 2.135-6.618], P < 0.0001) and female sex [odds ratio: 1.954 (95% confidence interval: 1.042-3.667), P = 0.037]. Conclusion Patients with short TBUT type of dry eye disease have symptom severity similar to aqueous tear-deficient dry eyes, but the pattern is different. The finding of this type of dry eye disease in India indicates its global presence, and ophthalmologists should consider it in their differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Chatterjee
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Deepshikha Agrawal
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Abstract
Big data holds great promise to help unravel insights to bridge the gap in human understanding. There has to be an emphasis on the quality of the data points being collected to ensure meaningful analysis. India has made significant strides to lay down a strong framework through the National Digital Health Blueprint and the National Health Stack for the future. There is a need to focus on the first important step of collection of a “good quality” data point through the implementation of electronic medical records by the health care providers. In India, 60 million individuals move below the poverty line every year because of the expenses related to unforeseen illness that adversely affects the individual's welfare and the nation's economic growth. With an out-of-pocket expense rate currently at 70% and the government's health budget at a mere 1.3% of its GDP (gross domestic product), data-driven decisions are the need of the hour for policy making and to ensure equitable, efficient, and excellent delivery of health care. There is a huge potential to harness the power of big data to generate insights to address the four big challenges of health care in India – availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR and AEye; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Telangana
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Ashwini DL, Ve RS, Nosch D, Wilmot N. Efficacy of blink software in improving the blink rate and dry eye symptoms in visual display terminal users - A single-blinded randomized control trial. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:2643-2648. [PMID: 34571605 PMCID: PMC8597488 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3405_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease, more prevalent among visual display terminal users. Reduced blink rate is a risk factor to dry eye disorder, innovative means to remind to blink while using computers can be helpful. Methods: Single-blinded Randomized Control Trial enrolled computer users with dry eye. Allocation concealment was done using opaque envelope and principal investigator was blinded. After baseline examination, eligible participants were randomized to intervention group (appearance of bars is 8 times/min) and control group (appearance of bars is 1 time/min). Participants from both groups used the software for 15 days, came for first follow up, and did not use the software for next 15 days until second follow-up examination. During each visit, detailed eye examination was done including blink rate, tear film break up time, and Ocular Surface Disease Index score. Results: Forty-six participants (women n = 31; men n = 15) with a mean age of 28.02 (±6.295) years completed the study. Four participants were excluded from analysis because of early dropout. In the intervention group (n = 23) and control group (n = 23), participants were allocated. At the end of first phase, there was statistically significant difference in OSDI score (P = 0.021). Statistically significant difference was noticed in OSDI (P = 0.014) and blink rate (P = 0.049) as baseline, and final visit data were compared. Conclusion: “Blink–Blink” software with 8 reminders/min improved DED-related symptoms by increasing the blink rate. The carry-over effect after cessation of Blink-Blink software in improving blink rate was maintained even after 1 month. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI): CTRI/2018/08/015176
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Ashwini
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi; Sankara College of Optometry, Sankara Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh S Ve
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, India
| | - Daniela Nosch
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, Riggenbachstrasse 16 CH-4600 Olten, Switzerland
| | - Natoya Wilmot
- Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, India
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Parameswarappa DC, Das AV, Dave VP, Agarwal K, Natarajan R, Jalali S. Clinical Presentation and Demographic Distribution of Retinitis Pigmentosa in India and Implications for Potential Treatments: Electronic Medical Records Driven Big Data Analytics: Report I. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 37:284-290. [PMID: 34404308 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1957126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AimTo describe the clinical presentation and demographic distribution of retinitis pigmentosa in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India and implications for potential treatments.DesignCross-sectional hospital-based study.MethodsThis study included 2,541,810 patients presenting between March 2012 and October 2020. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system.ResultsOverall, 15,062 (0.59%) new patients were diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa and were included for analysis. The median age was 35 (IQR: 21-49) years and adult age (84.56%) presented more often. The most common presenting age group was between 21 and 30 years (20%). Majority of patients were male (61.68%) and had bilateral (96.39%) affliction. There was a family history in a tenth of the patients (10.46%) and a history of consanguinity in a minority (5.53%). The majority of the eyes had mild or no central visual acuity impairment of <20/70 (34.25%) followed by blindness <20/400 to 20/1200 (21.26%). The predominant retinal signs included disc pallor (76.43%), attenuated arterioles (82.61%) and bony spicule pigmentation (90.15%), and almost all had retinal pigmentary changes. A minority of the eyes underwent a surgical procedure (4.96%).ConclusionRetinitis pigmentosa is commonly bilateral and predominantly affects males. Most patients present in the third decade of life with severe visual acuity impairment. More than half of the eyes from our study are potential candidates for newer therapies. These results have implications for upcoming treatment choices and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika C Parameswarappa
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anthony Vipin Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR & AEye, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vivek Pravin Dave
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Komal Agarwal
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramya Natarajan
- Department of Ophthalmic Biophysics, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhadra Jalali
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Chatterjee S, Agrawal D, Sanowar G, Kandoi R. Prevalence of symptoms of dry eye disease in an urban Indian population. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:1061-1066. [PMID: 33913832 PMCID: PMC8186626 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1796_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in an urban population in India. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a two-stage cluster sampling procedure was conducted across 50 municipal wards in the city of Raipur, India, between December 2019 and February 2020, to include 2500 households. Interviewers collected demographic and lifestyle data from participants aged ≥20 years. DED symptoms were assessed using a standard six-item validated questionnaire. The presence of one or more of the six dry eye symptoms often or all the time was considered positive for DED symptoms. Results: In this study, 2378 people completed the survey of whom 1397 (58.7%) were males and 981 (41.3%) were females. The crude and overall age-adjusted prevalence for any positive symptom was 6.5% and 6.8% (95% CI: 5.8–7.8%), respectively. The commonest symptom was red eyes (2.8%) followed by burning sensation (1.8%), foreign body sensation (1.7%), dry eyes (1.2%), gummy eyes (1.2%), and crusts on eyelashes (0.8%). The associated risk factors were female sex, use of digital display, smoking and stay in an air-conditioned environment. Conclusion: The prevalence of DED symptoms in this urban Indian population was less than the prevalence reported in most other population-based studies from outside India, and lower than other hospital-based studies from India. Hence, DED prevalence in India is either lower than current estimates or is non-uniform in distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Chatterjee
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Deepshikha Agrawal
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Gul Sanowar
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rushi Kandoi
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Chatterjee
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Deepshikha Agrawal
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arpit Sharma
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, MGM Eye Institute, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Das AV, Basu S. Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in India: Trend Analysis and Implications for Viral Outbreaks. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 68:732-736. [PMID: 32317436 PMCID: PMC7350463 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_626_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the correlation between the temporal pattern of presentation of acute epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) of presumed adenoviral etiology with meteorological parameters such as environmental temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed. Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 2,408,819 patients presenting between August 2010 and February 2020. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of EKC in at least one eye were included as cases. A smaller cohort of patients with acute (≤1 week) presentation hailing from the district of Hyderabad during the calendar years 2016–2019 was used to perform correlation analysis with the local environmental temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed (data obtained from the Telangana State Development and Planning Society). Results: Overall, 21,196 (0.87%) patients were diagnosed with EKC, of which 19,203 (90.6%) patients had acute onset; among which the cohort from the district of Hyderabad included 1,635 (8.51%) patients. The mean monthly prevalence in this cohort was 0.89% with a peak prevalence in April (1.09%). The environmental parameters of rainfall (r2 = 0.47/P = 0.0131), humidity (r2 = 0.65/P = 0.0014), and wind speed (r2 = 0.56/P = 0.0047) were significantly negatively correlated with the temporal pattern of EKC in the population. There was no visible trend or significant correlation seen with temperature (r2 = 0.08/P = 0.3793). Conclusion: Contrary to popular belief, epidemic viral infections like EKC may not be affected by temperature, but rather by a complex interplay of other environmental factors such as humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. An increase in rainfall, wind speed, and humidity contributes to a lower prevalence of EKC cases during the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR and AEye, L V Prasad Eye Institute; Indian Health Outcomes Public Health and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- The Cornea Institute; Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Singh S, Das AV, Basu S. Ocular Involvement in Sjögren Syndrome: Risk Factors for Severe Visual Impairment and Vision-Threatening Corneal Complications. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 225:11-17. [PMID: 33385368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the risk factors for severe visual impairment (SVI) and corneal complications in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome (SS). DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Ocular data of all consecutive SS patients presenting to an eye-care network and receiving a diagnosis according to 2012 American College of Rheumatology criteria over the past 8 years were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT risk factors associated with SVI (best-corrected visual acuity <20/200) and vision-threatening corneal complications (ulceration or perforation) at presentation were evaluated using multivariate analysis and odds ratios (OR). RESULTS Of the 919 patients, 285 (31%) had primary and 634 (69%) had secondary SS. The most common cause of secondary SS was rheumatoid arthritis (98.1%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (0.79%), psoriasis (0.79%), and scleroderma (0.6%). Among the 1,838 eyes, SVI was noted in 10%, and 2.5% had corneal complications at presentation. The presence of corneal scarring (P < .00001; OR: 3.00), corneal ulceration (P < .00001; OR: 12.96), low Schirmer values (P = .0084; OR: 0.93), cataract (P = .0036; OR: 2.4), glaucoma (P = .04; OR: 4.09), and age at diagnosis (P = .005; OR: 1.02) were independent risk factors for developing SVI. The risk factors for corneal complications were presence of scleritis (P < .0001; OR: 8.9) and a diagnosis of secondary SS (P = .009; OR: 2.94). CONCLUSIONS In patients with SS, severity of dryness, corneal ulceration and scarring, cataract, and glaucoma are factors associated with poor visual acuity. Eyes with scleritis have a greater risk of developing vision-threatening corneal complications and therefore should be monitored closely.
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Moore M, Loughman J, Butler JS, Ohlendorf A, Wahl S, Flitcroft DI. Application of big-data for epidemiological studies of refractive error. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250468. [PMID: 33891638 PMCID: PMC8064549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether data sourced from electronic medical records (EMR) and a large industrial spectacle lens manufacturing database can estimate refractive error distribution within large populations as an alternative to typical population surveys of refractive error. SUBJECTS A total of 555,528 patient visits from 28 Irish primary care optometry practices between the years 1980 and 2019 and 141,547,436 spectacle lens sales records from an international European lens manufacturer between the years 1998 and 2016. METHODS Anonymized EMR data included demographic, refractive and visual acuity values. Anonymized spectacle lens data included refractive data. Spectacle lens data was separated into lenses containing an addition (ADD) and those without an addition (SV). The proportions of refractive errors from the EMR data and ADD lenses were compared to published results from the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium and the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). RESULTS Age and gender matched proportions of refractive error were comparable in the E3 data and the EMR data, with no significant difference in the overall refractive error distribution (χ2 = 527, p = 0.29, DoF = 510). EMR data provided a closer match to the E3 refractive error distribution by age than the ADD lens data. The ADD lens data, however, provided a closer approximation to the E3 data for total myopia prevalence than the GHS data, up to age 64. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of refractive error within a population can be estimated using EMR data in the absence of population surveys. Industry derived sales data can also provide insights on the epidemiology of refractive errors in a population over certain age ranges. EMR and industrial data may therefore provide a fast and cost-effective surrogate measure of refractive error distribution that can be used for future health service planning purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moore
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - James Loughman
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John S. Butler
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arne Ohlendorf
- Technology & Innovation, Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Turnstrasse, Aalen, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Wahl
- Technology & Innovation, Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Turnstrasse, Aalen, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel I. Flitcroft
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Children’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Nair AP, D'Souza S, Shetty R, Ahuja P, Kundu G, Khamar P, Dadachanji Z, Paritekar P, Patel P, Dickman MM, Nuijts RM, Mohan RR, Ghosh A, Sethu S. Altered ocular surface immune cell profile in patients with dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:96-106. [PMID: 33862224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant inflammation and immune dysregulation are known pathogenic contributors in dry eye disease (DED). Aim of the study was to determine the proportions of immune cell subsets on the ocular surface (OS) of DED patients. METHODS 15 healthy controls (22 eyes) and 48 DED subjects (36 eyes with evaporative DED - EDED; 60 eyes with aqueous deficient DED - ADED) were included in the study. Tear break up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test 1 (ST1), corneal staining (CS) and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scoring were recorded. OS wash was used to collect immune cells on the OS of study subjects. The cells immunophenotyped using flow cytometry include leukocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer-NK cells and T cell subsets (CD4; CD8; double positive-DP; gamma delta-γδ and NK T cells). RESULTS Significantly higher proportions of leukocytes, neutrophils, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, DP T cells and CD4/CD8 T cells ratio were observed in EDED and/or ADED patients. Significantly higher proportions of neutrophils and lower proportions of NK cells were observed in ADED subjects with corneal staining compared to those without and controls. Neutrophils/NK cells ratio was significantly higher in EDED and ADED subjects compared to controls. Correlation analysis revealed pathological relationships between proportions of leukocytes, neutrophils, CD4 T cells and Neutrophil/NK cells ratio with DED clinical parameters. CONCLUSION OS immune cell subset proportion changes in DED patients were associated with DED types and severity. The data suggests the potential for a new generation of therapies targeting immune cells on the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Padmanabhan Nair
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sharon D'Souza
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Prerna Ahuja
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Gairik Kundu
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Pooja Khamar
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Zelda Dadachanji
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Prajakta Paritekar
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Pavitra Patel
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Mor M Dickman
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rudy Mma Nuijts
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S Truman Veterans' Memorial Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.
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