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Bagdonaite I, Abdurahman S, Mirandola M, Pasqual D, Frank M, Narimatsu Y, Joshi HJ, Vakhrushev SY, Salata C, Mirazimi A, Wandall HH. Targeting host O-linked glycan biosynthesis affects Ebola virus replication efficiency and reveals differential GalNAc-T acceptor site preferences on the Ebola virus glycoprotein. J Virol 2024; 98:e0052424. [PMID: 38757972 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00524-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) is one of the most heavily O-glycosylated viral glycoproteins, yet we still lack a fundamental understanding of the structure of its large O-glycosylated mucin-like domain and to what degree the host O-glycosylation capacity influences EBOV replication. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 47 O-glycosites on EBOV GP and found similar glycosylation signatures on virus-like particle- and cell lysate-derived GP. Furthermore, we performed quantitative differential O-glycoproteomics on proteins produced in wild-type HEK293 cells and cell lines ablated for the three key initiators of O-linked glycosylation, GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3. The data show that 12 out of the 47 O-glycosylated sites were regulated, predominantly by GalNAc-T1. Using the glycoengineered cell lines for authentic EBOV propagation, we demonstrate the importance of O-linked glycan initiation and elongation for the production of viral particles and the titers of progeny virus. The mapped O-glycan positions and structures allowed to generate molecular dynamics simulations probing the largely unknown spatial arrangements of the mucin-like domain. The data highlight targeting GALNT1 or C1GALT1C1 as a possible way to modulate O-glycan density on EBOV GP for novel vaccine designs and tailored intervention approaches.IMPORTANCEEbola virus glycoprotein acquires its extensive glycan shield in the host cell, where it is decorated with N-linked glycans and mucin-type O-linked glycans. The latter is initiated by a family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases that have different preferences for optimal peptide substrates resulting in a spectrum of both very selective and redundant substrates for each isoform. In this work, we map the exact locations of O-glycans on Ebola virus glycoprotein and identify subsets of sites preferentially initiated by one of the three key isoforms of GalNAc-Ts, demonstrating that each enzyme contributes to the glycan shield integrity. We further show that altering host O-glycosylation capacity has detrimental effects on Ebola virus replication, with both isoform-specific initiation and elongation playing a role. The combined structural and functional data highlight glycoengineered cell lines as useful tools for investigating molecular mechanisms imposed by specific glycans and for steering the immune responses in future vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mattia Mirandola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Denis Pasqual
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiren J Joshi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Deng H, Ge H, Dubey C, Losmanova T, Medová M, Konstantinidou G, Mutlu SM, Birrer FE, Brodie TM, Stroka D, Wang W, Peng RW, Dorn P, Marti TM. An optimized protocol for the generation and monitoring of conditional orthotopic lung cancer in the KP mouse model using an adeno-associated virus vector compatible with biosafety level 1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4457-4470. [PMID: 37796299 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inducible Kras/p53 lung adenocarcinoma mouse model, which faithfully recapitulates human disease, is routinely initiated by the intratracheal instillation of a virus-based Cre recombinase delivery system. Handling virus-based delivery systems requires elevated biosafety levels, e.g., biosafety level 2 (BSL-2). However, in experimental animal research facilities, following exposure to viral vectors in a BSL-2 environment, rodents may not be reclassified to BSL-1 according to standard practice, preventing access to small animal micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanners that are typically housed in general access areas such as BSL-1 rooms. Therefore, our goal was to adapt the protocol so that the Cre-induced KP mouse model could be handled under BSL-1 conditions during the entire procedure. RESULTS The Kras-Lox-STOP-Lox-G12D/p53 flox/flox (KP)-based lung adenocarcinoma mouse model was activated by intratracheal instillation of either an adenoviral-based or a gutless, adeno-associated viral-based Cre delivery system. Tumor growth was monitored over time by micro-CT. We have successfully substituted the virus-based Cre delivery system with a commercially available, gutless, adeno-associated, Cre-expressing vector that allows the KP mouse model to be handled and imaged in a BSL-1 facility. By optimizing the anesthesia protocol and switching to a microscope-guided vector instillation procedure, productivity was increased and procedure-related complications were significantly reduced. In addition, repeated micro-CT analysis of individual animals allowed us to monitor tumor growth longitudinally, dramatically reducing the number of animals required per experiment. Finally, we documented the evolution of tumor volume for different doses, which revealed that individual tumor nodules induced by low-titer AAV-Cre transductions can be monitored over time by micro-CT. CONCLUSION Modifications to the anesthesia and instillation protocols increased the productivity of the original KP protocol. In addition, the switch to a gutless, adeno-associated, Cre-expressing vector allowed longitudinal monitoring of tumor growth under BSL-1 conditions, significantly reducing the number of animals required for an experiment, in line with the 3R principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Deng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Thoracic Surgery Department 2, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Huixiang Ge
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Dubey
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Michaela Medová
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Seyran Mathilde Mutlu
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Esther Birrer
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tess Melinda Brodie
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Department 2, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Dorn
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Michael Marti
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 28, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Liu T, Li Y, Koydemir HC, Zhang Y, Yang E, Eryilmaz M, Wang H, Li J, Bai B, Ma G, Ozcan A. Rapid and stain-free quantification of viral plaque via lens-free holography and deep learning. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1040-1052. [PMID: 37349390 PMCID: PMC10427422 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
A plaque assay-the gold-standard method for measuring the concentration of replication-competent lytic virions-requires staining and usually more than 48 h of runtime. Here we show that lens-free holographic imaging and deep learning can be combined to expedite and automate the assay. The compact imaging device captures phase information label-free at a rate of approximately 0.32 gigapixels per hour per well, covers an area of about 30 × 30 mm2 and a 10-fold larger dynamic range of virus concentration than standard assays, and quantifies the infected area and the number of plaque-forming units. For the vesicular stomatitis virus, the automated plaque assay detected the first cell-lysing events caused by viral replication as early as 5 h after incubation, and in less than 20 h it detected plaque-forming units at rates higher than 90% at 100% specificity. Furthermore, it reduced the incubation time of the herpes simplex virus type 1 by about 48 h and that of the encephalomyocarditis virus by about 20 h. The stain-free assay should be amenable for use in virology research, vaccine development and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairan Liu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ethan Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Merve Eryilmaz
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hongda Wang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingxi Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bijie Bai
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guangdong Ma
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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NEAT1-SOD2 Axis Confers Sorafenib and Lenvatinib Resistance by Activating AKT in Liver Cancer Cell Lines. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1073-1085. [PMID: 36826016 PMCID: PMC9955465 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a long noncoding RNA, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) variant 1 (NEAT1v1) on drug resistance in liver cancer cell lines. NEAT1 knockdown activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, including MAPK kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but suppressed AKT. Moreover, NEAT1 knockdown sensitized liver cancer cells to sorafenib and lenvatinib, both clinically used for treating hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas it conferred resistance to an AKT-targeted drug, capivasertib. NEAT1v1 overexpression suppressed MEK/ERK and activated AKT, resulting in resistance to sorafenib and lenvatinib and sensitization to capivasertib. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) knockdown reverted the effects of NEAT1v1 overexpression on the sensitivity to the molecular-targeted drugs. Although NEAT1 or SOD2 knockdown enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, concomitant with the suppression of AKT, taurodeoxycholate, an ER stress suppressor, did not restore AKT activity. Although further in vivo and clinical studies are needed, these results suggested that NEAT1v1 switches the growth modality of liver cancer cell lines from MEK/ERK-dependent to AKT-dependent mode via SOD2 and regulates sensitivity to the molecular-targeted drugs independent of ER stress.
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Celebi Torabfam G, Yetisgin AA, Erdem C, Cayli A, Kutlu O, Cetinel S. A feasibility study of different commercially available serum-free mediums to enhance lentivirus and adeno-associated virus production in HEK 293 suspension cells. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:635-655. [PMID: 36389283 PMCID: PMC9652196 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentivirus and adeno-associated viruses are invaluable tools for biotechnology applications due to their genetic material delivery abilities both in vitro and in vivo. However, their large-scale productions with Good Manufacturing Practices yield low efficiency when adherent and serum dependent HEK293 (Human Embryonic Kidney) cells are used as the host. To increase production efficiency, HEK293 cells are adapted to grow in suspension using commercially available and chemically defined serum-free mediums. Suspended cells can be transiently transfected for viral vector production; however, significant improvements are still needed to increase yield and thereby cost effectiveness. Here, we evaluated four most preferred commercially available mediums that are IVY, FreeStyle293, LV-MAX, and BalanCD HEK293 for the transient transfection feasibility of lentiviral (LV) and adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) production in FlorabioHEK293 suspension cells. The highest transfection efficiency was over 90% and obtained by using polyethyleneimine (PEI) 25 K and by media adaptation in IVY without using any transfection enhancer. For the first time the feasibility of HEK293 cells, which were adapted to grow in suspension culture by Florabio and IVY media, were tested for virus production. This study demonstrates the best transfection medium for scalable and optimized production of Lentivirus and Adeno-Associated Virus in suspended HEK293 cell culture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-022-00551-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Celebi Torabfam
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, 34956 Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956 Turkey
| | - Abuzer Alp Yetisgin
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, 34956 Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956 Turkey
| | - Cem Erdem
- FloraBio Technology, Urla, 35430 İzmir Turkey
| | - Aziz Cayli
- FloraBio Technology, Urla, 35430 İzmir Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, 34956 Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956 Turkey
| | - Sibel Cetinel
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, 34956 Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956 Turkey
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NEAT1 Confers Radioresistance to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inducing PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214397. [PMID: 36430876 PMCID: PMC9692527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A long noncoding RNA, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) variant 1 (NEAT1v1), confers radioresistance to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by inducing autophagy via γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP). Radiation induces oxidative stress to damage cellular components and organelles, but it remains unclear how NEAT1v1 protects HCC cells from radiation-induced oxidative stress via autophagy. To address this, we precisely investigated NEAT1v1-induced autophagy in irradiated HCC cell lines. X-ray irradiation significantly increased cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA content in HCC cells while NEAT1v1 suppressed them. NEAT1v1 concomitantly induced the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/parkin-mediated mitophagy. Interestingly, parkin expression was constitutively upregulated in NEAT1v1-overexpressing HCC cells, leading to increased mitochondrial parkin levels. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was also upregulated by NEAT1v1, and GABARAP or SOD2 knockdown in NEAT1v1-overexpressing cells increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA content after irradiation. Moreover, it was suggested that SOD2 was involved in NEAT1v1-induced parkin expression, and that GABARAP promoted parkin degradation via mitophagy. This study highlights the unprecedented roles of NEAT1v1 in connecting radioresistance and mitophagy in HCC.
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7
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Liu PJ, Gunther LK, Garone ME, Zhang C, Perez D, Bi-Karchin J, Pellenz CD, Chase SE, Presti MF, Plante EL, Martin CE, Lovric S, Yengo CM, Hildebrandt F, Krendel M. Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome-Associated MYO1E Mutations Have Differential Effects on Myosin 1e Localization, Dynamics, and Activity. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1989-2007. [PMID: 36316095 PMCID: PMC9678034 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myo1e is a nonmuscle motor protein enriched in podocytes. Mutations in MYO1E are associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Most of the MYO1E variants identified by genomic sequencing have not been functionally characterized. Here, we set out to analyze two mutations in the Myo1e motor domain, T119I and D388H, which were selected on the basis of protein sequence conservation. METHODS EGFP-tagged human Myo1e constructs were delivered into the Myo1e-KO mouse podocyte-derived cells via adenoviral infection to analyze Myo1e protein stability, Myo1e localization, and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which is known to involve Myo1e activity. Furthermore, truncated Myo1e constructs were expressed using the baculovirus expression system and used to measure Myo1e ATPase and motor activity in vitro. RESULTS Both mutants were expressed as full-length proteins in the Myo1e-KO cells. However, unlike wild-type (WT) Myo1e, the T119I variant was not enriched at the cell junctions or clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). In contrast, D388H variant localization was similar to that of WT. The rate of dissociation of the D388H variant from cell-cell junctions and CCVs was decreased, suggesting this mutation affects Myo1e interactions with binding partners. ATPase activity and ability to translocate actin filaments were drastically reduced for the D388H mutant, supporting findings from cell-based experiments. CONCLUSIONS T119I and D388H mutations are deleterious to Myo1e functions. The experimental approaches used in this study can be applied to future characterization of novel MYO1E variants associated with SRNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Laura K. Gunther
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael E. Garone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Diana Perez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Christopher D. Pellenz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Sharon E. Chase
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Maria F. Presti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Eric L. Plante
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Claire E. Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Svjetlana Lovric
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher M. Yengo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Stepanenko AA, Sosnovtseva AO, Valikhov MP, Chernysheva AA, Cherepanov SA, Yusubalieva GM, Ruzsics Z, Lipatova AV, Chekhonin VP. Superior infectivity of the fiber chimeric oncolytic adenoviruses Ad5/35 and Ad5/3 over Ad5-delta-24-RGD in primary glioma cultures. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:230-248. [PMID: 35071746 PMCID: PMC8761956 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ad5-delta-24-RGD is currently the most clinically advanced recombinant adenovirus (rAd) for glioma therapy. We constructed a panel of fiber-modified rAds (Ad5RGD, Ad5/3, Ad5/35, Ad5/3RGD, and Ad5/35RGD, all harboring the delta-24 modification) and compared their infectivity, replication, reproduction, and cytolytic efficacy in human and rodent glioma cell lines and short-term cultures from primary gliomas. In human cells, both Ad5/35-delta-24 and Ad5/3-delta-24 displayed superior infectivity and cytolytic efficacy over Ad5-delta-24-RGD, while Ad5/3-delta-24-RGD and Ad5/35-delta-24-RGD did not show further improvements in efficacy. The expression of the adenoviral receptors/coreceptors CAR, DSG2, and CD46 and the integrins αVβ3/αVβ5 did not predict the relative cytolytic efficacy of the fiber-modified rAds. The cytotoxicity of the fiber-modified rAds in human primary normal cultures of different origins and in primary glioma cultures was comparable, indicating that the delta-24 modification did not confer tumor cell selectivity. We also revealed that CT-2A and GL261 glioma cells might be used as murine cell models for the fiber chimeric rAds in vitro and in vivo. In GL261 tumor-bearing mice, Ad5/35-delta-24, armed with the immune costimulator OX40L as the E2A/DBP-p2A-mOX40L fusion, produced long-term survivors, which were able to reject tumor cells upon rechallenge. Our data underscore the potential of local Ad5/35-delta-24-based immunovirotherapy for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A. Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Corresponding author Aleksei A. Stepanenko, Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anastasiia O. Sosnovtseva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat P. Valikhov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Chernysheva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Cherepanov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaukhar M. Yusubalieva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anastasiia V. Lipatova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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9
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NEAT1 Confers Radioresistance to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inducing Autophagy through GABARAP. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020711. [PMID: 35054896 PMCID: PMC8775719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) variant 1 (NEAT1v1), is involved in the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CSCs are suggested to play important roles in therapeutic resistance. Therefore, we investigated whether NEAT1v1 is involved in the sensitivity to radiation therapy in HCC. Gene knockdown was performed using short hairpin RNAs, and NEAT1v1-overexpressing HCC cell lines were generated by stable transfection with a NEAT1v1-expressing plasmid DNA. Cells were irradiated using an X-ray generator. We found that NEAT1 knockdown enhanced the radiosensitivity of HCC cell lines and concomitantly inhibited autophagy. NEAT1v1 overexpression enhanced autophagy in the irradiated cells and conferred radioresistance. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) expression was downregulated by NEAT1 knockdown, whereas it was upregulated in NEAT1v1-overexpressing cells. Moreover, GABARAP was required for NEAT1v1-induced autophagy and radioresistance as its knockdown significantly inhibited autophagy and sensitized the cells to radiation. Since GABARAP is a crucial protein for the autophagosome-lysosome fusion, our results suggest that NEAT1v1 confers radioresistance to HCC by promoting autophagy through GABARAP.
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10
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Tough Decoy-Mediated Cardiac Gene Suppression. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2573:13-30. [PMID: 36040583 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2707-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, non-coding RNA molecule (~22 nucleotides) that acts as a post-transcriptional gene regulator, primarily by inhibiting the translation of target mRNA transcripts or affecting cell mRNA stability. Since miRNAs are comprehensively involved in gene regulation, their abnormalities are associated with various human diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Additionally, targeted inhibition of disease-related miRNAs and their targets should have therapeutic potential. Therefore, this chapter describes the experimental steps for targeted inhibition of specific miRNAs using adenoviral vectorized tough decoys that efficiently silence miRNA function in cardiac cells.
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11
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Mullins EK, Powers TW, Zobel J, Clawson KM, Barnes LF, Draper BE, Zou Q, Binder JJ, Dai S, Zhang K, Friese O, Runnels HA, Jarrold MF, Thompson LC. Characterization of Recombinant Chimpanzee Adenovirus C68 Low and High-Density Particles: Impact on Determination of Viral Particle Titer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:753480. [PMID: 34805110 PMCID: PMC8599148 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.753480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed differential infectivity and product yield between two recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus C68 constructs whose primary difference was genome length. To determine a possible reason for this outcome, we characterized the proportion and composition of the empty and packaged capsids. Both analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and differential centrifugation sedimentation (DCS, a rapid and quantitative method for measuring adenoviral packaging variants) were employed for an initial assessment of genome packaging and showed multiple species whose abundance deviated between the virus builds but not manufacturing campaigns. Identity of the packaging variants was confirmed by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), the first known application of this technique to analyze adenovirus. The empty and packaged capsid populations were separated via preparative ultracentrifugation and then combined into a series of mixtures. These mixtures showed the oft-utilized denaturing A260 adenoviral particle titer method will underestimate the actual particle titer by as much as three-fold depending on the empty/full ratio. In contrast, liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection proves to be a superior viral particle titer methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K Mullins
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Thomas W Powers
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Jim Zobel
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Kory M Clawson
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Lauren F Barnes
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Qin Zou
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Joseph J Binder
- Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapies, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stanley Dai
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kun Zhang
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Olga Friese
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Herbert A Runnels
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lawrence C Thompson
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, United States
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12
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Ku MW, Authié P, Nevo F, Souque P, Bourgine M, Romano M, Charneau P, Majlessi L. Lentiviral vector induces high-quality memory T cells via dendritic cells transduction. Commun Biol 2021; 4:713. [PMID: 34112936 PMCID: PMC8192903 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a lentiviral vector harboring the human β2-microglobulin promoter, with predominant expression in immune cells and minimal proximal enhancers to improve vector safety. This lentiviral vector efficiently transduces major dendritic cell subsets in vivo. With a mycobacterial immunogen, we observed distinct functional signatures and memory phenotype in lentiviral vector- or Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-immunized mice, despite comparable antigen-specific CD8+ T cell magnitudes. Compared to Ad5, lentiviral vector immunization resulted in higher multifunctional and IL-2-producing CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, lentiviral vector immunization primed CD8+ T cells towards central memory phenotype, while Ad5 immunization favored effector memory phenotype. Studies using HIV antigens in outbred rats demonstrated additional clear-cut evidence for an immunogenic advantage of lentiviral vector over Ad5. Additionally, lentiviral vector provided enhance therapeutic anti-tumor protection than Ad5. In conclusion, coupling lentiviral vector with β2-microglobulin promoter represents a promising approach to produce long-lasting, high-quality cellular immunity for vaccinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen Ku
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ,Ecole Doctorale Frontières du Vivant (FdV), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Nevo
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Bourgine
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marta Romano
- grid.508031.fUnit In Vivo Models, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Charneau
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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13
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Ku MW, Bourgine M, Authié P, Lopez J, Nemirov K, Moncoq F, Noirat A, Vesin B, Nevo F, Blanc C, Souque P, Tabbal H, Simon E, Hardy D, Le Dudal M, Guinet F, Fiette L, Mouquet H, Anna F, Martin A, Escriou N, Majlessi L, Charneau P. Intranasal vaccination with a lentiviral vector protects against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical animal models. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 29:236-249.e6. [PMID: 33357418 PMCID: PMC7738935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To develop a vaccine candidate against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we generated a lentiviral vector (LV) eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Systemic vaccination by this vector in mice, in which the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor hACE2 has been induced by transduction of respiratory tract cells by an adenoviral vector, confers only partial protection despite high levels of serum neutralizing activity. However, eliciting an immune response in the respiratory tract through an intranasal boost results in a >3 log10 decrease in the lung viral loads and reduces local inflammation. Moreover, both integrative and non-integrative LV platforms display strong vaccine efficacy and inhibit lung deleterious injury in golden hamsters, which are naturally permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication and closely mirror human COVID-19 physiopathology. Our results provide evidence of marked prophylactic effects of LV-based vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and designate intranasal immunization as a powerful approach against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Ku
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Maryline Bourgine
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jodie Lopez
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Kirill Nemirov
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Fanny Moncoq
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Amandine Noirat
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Benjamin Vesin
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Fabien Nevo
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Catherine Blanc
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Houda Tabbal
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Emeline Simon
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France; Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
| | - David Hardy
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Françoise Guinet
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - François Anna
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Annette Martin
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université de Paris, Paris 75015, France
| | - Nicolas Escriou
- Innovation Lab, Vaccines, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; Molecular Virology and Vaccinology Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
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14
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Afrough S, Rhodes S, Evans T, White R, Benest J. Immunologic Dose-Response to Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review of Dose-Response Studies of Replication Incompetent Adenoviral Vaccine Vectors when Given via an Intramuscular or Subcutaneous Route. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E131. [PMID: 32192058 PMCID: PMC7157626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal vaccine dosing is important to ensure the greatest protection and safety. Analysis of dose-response data, from previous studies, may inform future studies to determine the optimal dose. Implementing more quantitative modelling approaches in vaccine dose finding have been recently suggested to accelerate vaccine development. Adenoviral vectored vaccines are in advanced stage of development for a variety of prophylactic and therapeutic indications, however dose-response has not yet been systematically determined. To further inform adenoviral vectored vaccines dose identification, historical dose-response data should be systematically reviewed. A systematic literature review was conducted to collate and describe the available dose-response studies for adenovirus vectored vaccines. Of 2787 papers identified by Medline search strategy, 35 were found to conform to pre-defined criteria. The majority of studies were in mice or humans and studied adenovirus serotype 5. Dose-response data were available for 12 different immunological responses. The majority of papers evaluated three dose levels, only two evaluated more than five dose levels. The most common dosing range was 107-1010 viral particles in mouse studies and 108-1011 viral particles in human studies. Data were available on adenovirus vaccine dose-response, primarily on adenovirus serotype 5 backbones and in mice and humans. These data could be used for quantitative adenoviral vectored vaccine dose optimisation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Afrough
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK;
| | - Sophie Rhodes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Thomas Evans
- Vaccitech Ltd., The Schrodinger Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK;
| | - Richard White
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.); (J.B.)
| | - John Benest
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (S.R.); (R.W.); (J.B.)
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15
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Diminished stimulator of interferon genes production with cigarette smoke-exposure contributes to weakened anti-adenovirus vectors response and destruction of lung in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111545. [PMID: 31470016 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the primary risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and dampens antiviral response, which increases viral infections and leads to COPD acute exacerbation (AECOPD). Adenovirus, a nonenveloped DNA virus, is linked with AECOPD, whose DNAs trigger innate immune response via interacting with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), as a cytosolic DNA sensor, participates in adenovirus-induced interferon β (IFNβ)-dependent antiviral response. STING is involved in various pulmonary diseases, but role of STING in pathogenesis of AECOPD is not well documented. In the present study, we explored relationship between STING and AECOPD induced by recombinant adenovirus vectors (rAdVs) and CS in wild type (WT) and STING-/- mice; and also characterized the inhibition of STING- IFNβ pathway in pulmonary epithelium exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). We found that CS or CSE exposure alone dramatically inhibited STING expression, but not significantly effected IFNβ production. Moreover, CS or CSE-exposed significantly suppressed activation of STING-IFNβ pathway induced by rAdVs and suppressed clearance of rAdVs DNA. Inflammation, fibrosis and emphysema of lung tissues were exaggerated when treated with CS plus rAdVs, which further deteriorate in absences of STING. In A549 cells with knockdown of STING, we also observed enhancing apoptosis related to emphysema, especially CSE and adenovirus vectors in combination. Therefore, STING may play a protective role in preventing the progress of COPD.
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16
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Masci AL, Menesale EB, Chen WC, Co C, Lu X, Bergelson S. Integration of Fluorescence Detection and Image-Based Automated Counting Increases Speed, Sensitivity, and Robustness of Plaque Assays. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 14:270-274. [PMID: 31489337 PMCID: PMC6717064 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plaque assays are used to measure the infectious titer of viral samples. These assays are multi-day and low-throughput and may be subject to analyst variability from biased or subjective manual plaque counting. Typically, on day 1, cells are adhered to plates overnight. On day 2, cells are infected with virus. After 3 additional days, plaques are fixed, stained with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated antibody and a HRP substrate, and counted by eye. Manual-based visual counting of plaques is time-consuming and laborious and may be subject to variability between analysts. Also, the assay must proceed for several days to allow the plaques to increase to sufficiently large sizes for manual identification. Here, we integrate fluorescent detection and automated plaque counting to increase the sensitivity and speed of the assay. First, we stain plaques with a fluorescent-labeled antibody. Second, we implement a plate-based cell imager to perform non-biased, non-subjective plaque counting. The integration of these two technologies decreases the assay length by 40%, from 5 days to 3 days, because plaque size, plaque signal to noise, and manual visualization are no longer limiting. This optimized plaque assay is sensitive, fast, and robust and expands the throughput and usage of this method for measuring plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Masci
- Bioassay and Gene Therapy, Analytical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily B Menesale
- Bioassay and Gene Therapy, Analytical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei-Chiang Chen
- Bioassay and Gene Therapy, Analytical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carl Co
- Bioassay and Gene Therapy, Analytical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Bioassay and Gene Therapy, Analytical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Svetlana Bergelson
- Bioassay and Gene Therapy, Analytical Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Guerreiro MR, Freitas DF, Alves PM, Coroadinha AS. Detection and Quantification of Label-Free Infectious Adenovirus Using a Switch-On Cell-Based Fluorescent Biosensor. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1654-1661. [PMID: 31117363 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reliable and fast viral detection and quantification protocols are a requirement for the advance of basic research and clinical approaches with wild type or recombinant viruses. However, available cell-based assays are either time-consuming or require labeled viral particles, which may alter virus biology or pose safety issues in clinical applications. Since adenoviruses constitute a major healthcare burden but also, when engineered, widely used vectors in vaccination and gene and oncolytic therapies, herein we developed a genetically encoded switch-on fluorescent biosensor consisting of a cyclized Green fluorescent protein-cVisensor-with an adenoviral protease cleavable site as a switch. After initial sensor optimization (35% increase in performance), whole-cell biosensors were established-by stably expressing cVisensor in mammalian cells-and used for live-cell monitoring of adenovirus infection as the intracellular biosensor is specifically activated by the viral protease. A rapid flow cytometry-based bioassay using cVisensor cells was established 48 h postinfection, showing an estimated limit of detection of 105 infectious particles/mL, in-line with previously reported flow cytometry assays requiring labeled virus, and significantly faster than standard plaque-forming assays requiring up to 14 days. cVisensor was also successfully applied in the detection of HIV-1 protease activity, validating its wider potential for the detection of other viruses. Overall, this work presents a fast and easy method for detection and quantification of label-free infectious virus, allowing the establishment of new biosensing platforms for basic research in virology and biotechnological applications of recombinant virus biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ricardo Guerreiro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniela Filipa Freitas
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Marques Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, NOVA University Lisbon, Oeiras Campus, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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18
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Hossain MF, McMillan M, Katz ME, Walkden-Brown SW, Gerber PF. Turkey Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus Can Be Titrated but Not Propagated in Chicken Embryos. Avian Dis 2019; 63:84-89. [PMID: 31251523 DOI: 10.1637/11982-100918-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of propagating and titrating hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) in chicken embryos. A total of 308 embryonated eggs were used. At 10 days of embryonic age, eggs were inoculated via allantoic sac or chorioallantoic membrane routes with non-heat-treated (live) HEV or heat-treated (dead) HEV or served as negative controls. Allantoic fluid retrieved at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation (dpi) was tested for HEV by quantitative PCR. Inoculation with HEV did not cause visible growth impairment or lesions in the chicken embryos. Overall, there was no difference in postinoculation mortality rates among groups sham-inoculated (6/30, 20.0%) or inoculated with live (34/252, 13.4%) or dead (3/ 26, 6.9%) HEV (P = 0.58). The amount of HEV DNA detected in allantoic fluid at 7 dpi in eggs inoculated with live virus was similar to the inoculated dose, indicating that virus propagation in chicken embryos is not efficient. No HEV DNA was detected after 3 dpi in eggs inoculated with dead virus. Inoculation of chicken embryos combined with qualitative PCR can be used for titration of HEV virus stocks and presents a high correlation with in vivo titration using chickens (R2 0.98, P = 0.007). This method may be relevant in countries in which specific-pathogen-free turkeys are unavailable and in which the importation of RP19 cells, the only cell that supports effective propagation of HEV, is not permitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Hossain
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Mary McMillan
- Biomedical Science, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Margaret E Katz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Stephen W Walkden-Brown
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - Priscilla F Gerber
- Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia,
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19
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Solanki M, Zhang W, Jing L, Ehrhardt A. Adenovirus hexon modifications influence in vitro properties of pseudotyped human adenovirus type 5 vectors. J Gen Virol 2015; 97:160-168. [PMID: 26519158 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly used human adenovirus (HAdV)-5-based vectors are restricted by their tropism and pre-existing immunity. Here, we characterized novel HAdV-5 vectors pseudotyped with hypervariable regions (HVRs) and surface domains (SDs) of other HAdV types. Hexon-modified HAdV-5 vectors (HV-HVR5, HV-HVR12, HV-SD12 and HV-SD4) could be reconstituted and amplified in human embryonic kidney cells. After infection of various cell lines, we measured transgene expression levels by performing luciferase reporter assays or coagulation factor IX (FIX) ELISA. Dose-dependent studies revealed that luciferase expression levels were comparable for HV-HVR5, HV-SD12 and HV-SD4, whereas HV-HVR12 expression levels were significantly lower. Vector genome copy numbers (VCNs) from genomic DNA and nuclear extracts were then determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Surprisingly, determination of cell- and nuclear fraction-associated VCNs revealed increased VCNs for HV-HVR12 compared with HV-SD12 and HV-HVR5. Increased nuclear fraction-associated HV-HVR12 DNA molecules and decreased transgene expression levels were independent of the cell line used, and we observed the same effect for a hexon-modified high-capacity adenoviral vector encoding canine FIX. In conclusion, studying hexon-modified adenoviruses in vitro demonstrated that HVRs but also flanking hexon regions influence uptake and transgene expression of adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Solanki
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten-58453, Germany
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten-58453, Germany
| | - Liu Jing
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten-58453, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten-58453, Germany
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Xie J, Guo X, Liu F, Luo J, Duan F, Tao X. In vitro antitumor immune response induced by dendritic cells transduced with human livin α recombinant adenovirus. Cell Immunol 2015; 297:46-52. [PMID: 26140980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transduction with recombinant, replication-defective adenoviral (rAd) vectors encoding a transgene is an efficient method for gene transfer into human dendritic cells (DCs). Livin is a good candidate for cancer immunotherapy since it is overexpressed in most common human cancers, poorly expressed in most normal adult tissues. Two splicing variants of livin, designated livin α and livin β, have been identified. In this study, we used human livin α recombinant adenovirus (rAd-hlivin α) to transduced DCs. We found that DCs transduced with rAd-hlivin α (rAd-hlivin α DCs) could effectively induce human livin α specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro against various tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Xie
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junming Luo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fengying Duan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaonan Tao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Unabated adenovirus replication following activation of the cGAS/STING-dependent antiviral response in human cells. J Virol 2014; 88:14426-39. [PMID: 25297994 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02608-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The cGAS/STING DNA sensing complex has recently been established as a predominant pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) for DNA-directed type I interferon (IFN) innate immune activation. Using replication-defective adenovirus vectors and replication-competent wild-type adenovirus, we have modeled the influence of the cGAS/STING cascade in permissive human cell lines (A549, HeLa, ARPE19, and THP1). Wild-type adenovirus induced efficient early activation of the cGAS/STING cascade in a cell-specific manner. In all responsive cell lines, cGAS/STING short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown resulted in a loss of TBK1 and interferon response factor 3 (IRF3) activation, a lack of beta interferon transcript induction, loss of interferon-dependent STAT1 activation, and diminished induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Adenoviruses that infect through the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) (Ad2 and Ad5) and the CD46 (Ad35) and desmoglein-2 (Ad7) viral receptors all induce the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 cascade. The magnitude of the IRF3/IFN/ISG antiviral response was strongly influenced by serotype, with Ad35>Ad7>Ad2. For each serotype, no enhancement of viral DNA replication or virus production occurred in cGAS or STING shRNA-targeted cell line pools. We found no replication advantage in permissive cell lines that do not trigger the cGAS/STING cascade following infection. The cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 cascade was not a direct target of viral antihost strategies, and we found no evidence that Ad stimulation of the cGAS/STING DNA response had an impact on viral replication efficiency. IMPORTANCE This study shows for the first time that the cGAS DNA sensor directs a dominant IRF3/IFN/ISG antiviral response to adenovirus in human cell lines. Activation of cGAS occurs with viruses that infect through different high-affinity receptors (CAR, CD46, and desmoglein-2), and the magnitude of the cGAS/STING DNA response cascade is influenced by serotype-specific functions. Furthermore, activation of the cGAS cascade occurred in a cell-specific manner. Activation of the cGAS/STING response did not impact viral replication, and viral immune evasion strategies did not target the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 cascade. These studies provide novel insight into the early innate recognition response to adenovirus.
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