1
|
Ru Q, Chen L, Xu G, Wu Y. Exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer-related cachexia. J Transl Med 2024; 22:408. [PMID: 38689293 PMCID: PMC11062016 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by weight loss, adipose tissue decomposition, and progressive skeletal muscle atrophy. It is a major complication of many advanced cancers and seriously affects the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. However, the specific molecules that mediate cancer-related cachexia remain elusive, and the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with muscle atrophy and lipidolysis in cancer patients still need to be investigated. Exosomes, a newly discovered class of small extracellular vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication, have a significant role in the onset and development of various cancers. Studies have shown that exosomes play a role in the onset and progression of cancer-related cachexia by transporting active molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. This review aimed to provide an overview of exosome developments in cancer-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and adipose tissue degradation. More importantly, exosomes were shown to have potential as diagnostic markers or therapeutic strategies for cachexia and were prospected, providing novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ru
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Hou D, Tang Z, Xiong L, Yan Y. The potential role of stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of musculoskeletal system diseases. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:237-252. [PMID: 38100269 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has shown a great progress in the regenerative medicine. EVs are rich in a variety of bioactive substances, which are important carriers of signal transmission and interactions between cells, and they play an important role in the processes of tissue repair and regeneration. Several studies have shown that stem cells-derived EVs regulate immunity, promote cell proliferation and differentiation, enhance bone and vascular regeneration, and play an increasingly important role in musculoskeletal system. This review aimed to describe the biological characteristics of stem cells-derived EVs and discuss their potential role in the therapy of musculoskeletal system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Demiao Hou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zijin Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lishun Xiong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yiguo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Y, Song P, Wang M, Liu H, Jing Y, Su J. Extracellular derivatives for bone metabolism. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00024-9. [PMID: 38218580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metabolism can maintain the normal homeostasis and function of bone tissue. Once the bone metabolism balance is broken, it will cause osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone defects, bone tumors, or other bone diseases. However, such orthopedic diseases still have many limitations in clinical treatment, such as drug restrictions, drug tolerance, drug side effects, and implant rejection. AIM OF REVIEW In complex bone therapy and bone regeneration, extracellular derivatives have become a promising research focus to solve the problems of bone metabolic diseases. These derivatives, which include components such as extracellular matrix, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles, have significant therapeutic potential. It has the advantages of good biocompatibility, low immune response, and dynamic demand for bone tissue. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on extracellular derivatives for bone metabolism and elucidate the intrinsic properties and versatility of extracellular derivatives. Further discussion of them as innovative advanced orthopedic materials for improving the effectiveness of bone therapy and regeneration processes. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, we first listed the types and functions of three extracellular derivatives. Then, we discussed the effects of extracellular derivatives of different cell sources on bone metabolism. Subsequently, we collected applications of extracellular derivatives in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases and summarized the advantages and challenges of extracellular derivatives in clinical applications. Finally, we prospected the extracellular derivatives in novel orthopedic materials and clinical applications. We hope that the comprehensive understanding of extracellular derivatives in bone metabolism will provide new solutions to bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Peiran Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai 200941, China
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yingying Jing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Whitlock JM. Muscle Progenitor Cell Fusion in the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:257-279. [PMID: 37996682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a resident, multipotent stem cell population that is essential for its repair and maintenance throughout life. Here I highlight the role of this stem cell population in muscle repair and regeneration and review the genetic control of the process; the mechanistic steps of activation, migration, recognition, adhesion, and fusion of these cells; and discuss the novel recognition of the membrane signaling that coordinates myogenic cell-cell fusion, as well as the identification of a two-part fusogen system that facilitates it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M Whitlock
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shrive National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das K, Paul S, Ghosh A, Gupta S, Mukherjee T, Shankar P, Sharma A, Keshava S, Chauhan SC, Kashyap VK, Parashar D. Extracellular Vesicles in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Immune Regulation, Biomarkers, and Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4879. [PMID: 37835573 PMCID: PMC10571545 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype accounting for ~10-20% of all human BC and is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification. Owing to its unique molecular profile and limited targeted therapies, TNBC treatment poses significant challenges. Unlike other BC subtypes, TNBC lacks specific molecular targets, rendering endocrine therapies and HER2-targeted treatments ineffective. The chemotherapeutic regimen is the predominant systemic treatment modality for TNBC in current clinical practice. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy in TNBC is variable, with response rates varying between a wide range of patients, and the emerging resistance further adds to the difficulties. Furthermore, TNBC exhibits a higher mutational burden and is acknowledged as the most immunogenic of all BC subtypes. Consequently, the application of immune checkpoint inhibition has been investigated in TNBC, yielding promising outcomes. Recent evidence identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an important contributor in the context of TNBC immunotherapy. In view of the extraordinary ability of EVs to transfer bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNAs, and small miRNAs, between the cells, EVs are considered a promising diagnostic biomarker and novel drug delivery system among the prospects for immunotherapy. The present review provides an in-depth understanding of how EVs influence TNBC progression, its immune regulation, and their contribution as a predictive biomarker for TNBC. The final part of the review focuses on the recent key advances in immunotherapeutic strategies for better understanding the complex interplay between EVs and the immune system in TNBC and further developing EV-based targeted immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Subhojit Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700012, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700012, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Prem Shankar
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA or
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.C.C.); (V.K.K.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (S.C.C.); (V.K.K.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma Z, Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zheng J, Luo Y, Wang C, Zeng H, Xue L, Tan Z, Wang D. Novel insights of EZH2-mediated epigenetic modifications in degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102034. [PMID: 37597667 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative musculoskeletal diseases (Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, Degenerative Spinal Disease and Sarcopenia) are pathological conditions that affect the function and pain of tissues such as bone, cartilage, and muscles, and are closely associated with ageing and long-term degeneration. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), an important epigenetic regulator, regulates gene expression mainly through the PRC2-dependent trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Increasing evidence suggests that EZH2 is involved in several biological processes closely related to degenerative musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclast activation, chondrocyte functional status, and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, mainly through epigenetic regulation (H3K27me3). Therefore, the synthesis and elucidation of the role of EZH2 in degenerative musculoskeletal diseases have attracted increasing attention. In addition, although EZH2 inhibitors have been approved for clinical use, whether they can be repurposed for the treatment of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases needs to be considered. Here, we reviewed the role of EZH2 in the development of degenerative musculoskeletal diseases and brought forward prospects of its pharmacological inhibitors in the improvement of the treatment of the diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Ma
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushun Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrui Zheng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sandonà M, Esposito F, Cargnoni A, Silini A, Romele P, Parolini O, Saccone V. Amniotic Membrane-Derived Stromal Cells Release Extracellular Vesicles That Favor Regeneration of Dystrophic Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12457. [PMID: 37569832 PMCID: PMC10418925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene characterized by myofiber fragility and progressive muscle degeneration. The genetic defect results in a reduced number of self-renewing muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and an impairment of their activation and differentiation, which lead to the exhaustion of skeletal muscle regeneration potential and muscle replacement by fibrotic and fatty tissue. In this study, we focused on an unexplored strategy to improve MuSC function and to preserve their niche based on the regenerative properties of mesenchymal stromal cells from the amniotic membrane (hAMSCs), that are multipotent cells recognized to have a role in tissue repair in different disease models. We demonstrate that the hAMSC secretome (CM hAMSC) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated thereof directly stimulate the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of human myoblasts and mouse MuSC from dystrophic muscles. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hAMSC secreted factors modulate the muscle stem cell niche in dystrophic-mdx-mice. Interestingly, local injection of EV hAMSC in mdx muscles correlated with an increase in the number of activated Pax7+/Ki67+ MuSCs and in new fiber formation. EV hAMSCs also significantly reduced muscle collagen deposition, thus counteracting fibrosis and MuSCs exhaustion, two hallmarks of DMD. Herein for the first time we demonstrate that CM hAMSC and EVs derived thereof promote muscle regeneration by supporting proliferation and differentiation of resident muscle stem cells. These results pave the way for the development of a novel treatment to counteract DMD progression by reducing fibrosis and enhancing myogenesis in dystrophic muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sandonà
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Federica Esposito
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.E.)
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Division DAHFMO, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca “E. Menni”, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.C.); (A.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Antonietta Silini
- Centro di Ricerca “E. Menni”, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.C.); (A.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Pietro Romele
- Centro di Ricerca “E. Menni”, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.C.); (A.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Saccone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.E.)
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Das K, Paul S, Mukherjee T, Ghosh A, Sharma A, Shankar P, Gupta S, Keshava S, Parashar D. Beyond Macromolecules: Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1963. [PMID: 37566042 PMCID: PMC10417494 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the defense mechanism of the immune system against harmful stimuli such as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, radiation, etc., and is characterized by tissue redness, swelling, heat generation, pain, and loss of tissue functions. Inflammation is essential in the recruitment of immune cells at the site of infection, which not only aids in the elimination of the cause, but also initiates the healing process. However, prolonged inflammation often brings about several chronic inflammatory disorders; hence, a balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses is essential in order to eliminate the cause while producing the least damage to the host. A growing body of evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a major role in cell-cell communication via the transfer of bioactive molecules in the form of proteins, lipids, DNA, RNAs, miRNAs, etc., between the cells. The present review provides a brief classification of the EVs followed by a detailed description of how EVs contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammation-associated diseases and their implications as a therapeutic measure. The latter part of the review also highlights how EVs act as a bridging entity in blood coagulation disorders and associated inflammation. The findings illustrated in the present review may open a new therapeutic window to target EV-associated inflammatory responses, thereby minimizing the negative outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Subhojit Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA;
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Prem Shankar
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Shiva Keshava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Bucci C, Leeuwenburgh C, Marzetti E. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles in skeletal muscle remodeling and adaptation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:37-45. [PMID: 35367122 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial remodeling is crucial to meet the bioenergetic demand to support muscle contractile activity during daily tasks and muscle regeneration following injury. A set of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy, are in place to maintain a well-functioning mitochondrial network and support muscle regeneration. Alterations in any of these pathways compromises mitochondrial quality and may potentially lead to impaired myogenesis, defective muscle regeneration, and ultimately loss of muscle function. Among MQC processes, mitophagy has gained special attention for its implication in the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria via crosstalk with the endo-lysosomal system, a major cell degradative route. Along this pathway, additional opportunities for mitochondrial disposal have been identified that may also signal at the systemic level. This communication occurs via inclusion of mitochondrial components within membranous shuttles named mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs). Here, we discuss MDV generation and release as a mitophagy-complementing route for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in skeletal myocytes. We also illustrate the possible role of muscle-derived MDVs in immune signaling during muscle remodeling and adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
O’Brien TJ, Hollinshead F, Goodrich LR. Extracellular vesicles in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis: can horses help us translate this therapy to humans? EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:151-169. [PMID: 37829144 PMCID: PMC10568983 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease affecting humans and horses, resulting in significant morbidity, financial expense, and loss of athletic use. While the pathogenesis is incompletely understood, inflammation is considered crucial in the development and progression of the disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have received increasing scientific attention for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-regenerative effects. However, there are concerns about their ability to become a commercially available therapeutic. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now recognized to play a crucial role in the therapeutic efficacy observed with MSCs and offer a potentially novel cell-free therapeutic that may negate many of the concerns with MSCs. There is evidence that EVs have profound anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and pro-regenerative effects equal to or greater than the MSCs they are derived from in the treatment of OA. Most of these studies are in small animal models, limiting the translation of these results to humans. However, highly translational animal models are crucial for further understanding the efficacy of potential therapeutics and for close comparisons with humans. For this reason, the horse, which experiences the same gravitational impacts on joints similar to people, is a highly relevant large animal species for testing. The equine species has well-designed and validated OA models, and additionally, therapies can be further tested in naturally occurring OA to validate preclinical model testing. Therefore, the horse is a highly suitable model to increase our knowledge of the therapeutic potential of EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O’Brien
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Fiona Hollinshead
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang C, Pan L, Zhang H, Ke T, Yang Y, Zhang L, Chen L, Tan J. Osteoblasts-Derived Exosomal lncRNA-MALAT1 Promotes Osteoclastogenesis by Targeting the miR-124/NFATc1 Signaling Axis in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:781-795. [PMID: 36814857 PMCID: PMC9939803 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s395607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging studies have explained the crucial role of non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in various pathological progressions. The study was designed to examine the role of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and miRNA-124 in the differentiation of osteoclasts, to provide new clues or evidences for the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Methods We constructed an osteoblast-osteoclast Transwell co-culture system and osteoblast-derived exosomes (OB-exo) intervention model. We assessed the osteoclastogenesis as well as the level of lncRNA-MALAT1 and miRNA-124. The mechanism for lncRNA MALAT1 targeting miR-124 modulating the differentiation of osteoclasts was investigated by cell transfection, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and Dual-Luciferase reporter assays. Results Osteoblast-derived exosomes were isolated and identified. Co-culture and OB-exo intervention can promote osteoclastogenesis, also significantly up-regulate the expression of MALAT1, while the level of miR-124 is the opposite. Transfection of cells with small interfering RNA (si-MALAT1) and miR-124 mimic decreased the formation of TRAP+ osteoclasts and inhibited the expression of NFATc1. However, the effect was reversed when transfected with miR-124 inhibitor and si-MALAT1. The Dual-Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the binding sites between MALAT1 and miR-124, and miR-124 and NFATc1. Conclusion LncRNA MALAT1 functioned as an endogenous sponge by competing for miR-124 binding to regulate NFATc1 expression, accelerating the progression of osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai Pan
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haizheng Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Ke
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Stomatology Department, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Lili Chen; Jingyi Tan, Email ;
| | - Jingyi Tan
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Soluble and EV-Associated Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Knee Osteoarthritis Pathology and Detection. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020342. [PMID: 36836699 PMCID: PMC9961153 DOI: 10.3390/life13020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease of the connective tissue of the human musculoskeletal system. Despite its widespread prevalence, there are many limitations in its diagnosis and treatment. OA diagnosis currently relies on the presence of clinical symptoms, sometimes accompanied by changes in joint X-rays or MRIs. Biomarkers help not only to diagnose early disease progression but also to understand the process of OA in many ways. In this article, we briefly summarize information on articular joints and joint tissues, the pathogenesis of OA and review the literature about biomarkers in the field of OA, specifically inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, proteins, miRNA, and metabolic biomarkers found in the blood, synovial fluid and in extracellular vesicles.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lai C, Liao B, Peng S, Fang P, Bao N, Zhang L. Synovial fibroblast-miR-214-3p-derived exosomes inhibit inflammation and degeneration of cartilage tissues of osteoarthritis rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:637-649. [PMID: 36001206 PMCID: PMC9938056 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are regulators of number of cellular process. miRs enclosed within exosomes can be crucial regulators of intercellular signalling and could be an important biomarker of various age-associated disorders. Role of exosomal enclosed miRs in osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts (SFBs) remains poorly studied. Here, we profiled and studied the effect of synovial fluid-derived exosomal miRs on inflammation, survival, proliferation of chondrocyte in correlation with cartilage degeneration. Exosomes were isolated from synovial fluid collected from OA subjects and were analysed by transmission electron microscopy. miRs were isolated and were submitted to microarray profiling. Web-based PCR analysis was done. Chondrocyte proliferation and colony formation assay were performed. Apoptosis study was done by flow cytometer. Gene expression was done by qRT-PCR analysis and protein expression by western blot assay. Rat model of OA was created by operating the knee by anterior cruciate ligament and resection of medial menisci (ACLT + MMx) method. Micro-CT analysis, histological analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and TUNEL assay were also performed. About 17 miRs were found to be expressed differentially in the synovial fluid collected from the control and OA subjects. Microarray analysis confirmed, expression of miR-214-3p was significantly downregulated in the synovial fluid exosome of OA subjects. miR-214-3p mimic promoted proliferation of chondrocyte and suppressed apoptosis. Treatment also inhibited the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. SFB-miR-214-3p exosomes suppressed apoptosis and also inflammation in chondrocytes. In vivo study suggested that SFB-exosomal miR-214-3p from rats suppressed the formation of osteophytes, prevented degeneration of cartilage and exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect in articular cartilage tissue. The findings suggested that SFB-miR-214-3p exosomes can ameliorate chondrocyte inflammation and degeneration of cartilage tissues. The study confirms therapeutic potential of SFB-miR-214-3p exosomes in treating OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenteng Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 China
| | - Boyi Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The People’s Hospital of Wugang City, Wugang, 422400 China
| | - Song Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 China
| | - Nirong Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen L, Yang J, Xu G, Wu Y. Potential Value and Application of Liquid Biopsy in Tumor, Neurodegeneration, and Muscle Degenerative Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:317-335. [PMID: 37450129 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy provides a promising alternative for the detection of disease-specific markers due to its superior noninvasive and original tissue representativeness. Liquid biopsies have a wide range of health and disease applications involving components ranging from circulating cells to acellular nucleic acid molecules and other metabolites. Here, we review the different components of liquid biopsy and investigate the most advanced noninvasive methods for detecting these components as well as their existing problems and trends. In particular, we emphasize the importance of analyzing liquid biopsy data from extracellular vesicles and small nucleic acids in neurological and muscle degeneration, with the aim of using this technique to enhance personalized healthcare. Although previous reviews have focused on cancer, this review mainly emphasizes the potential application of extracellular vesicles and microRNAs in liquid biopsy in neurodegeneration and muscle degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Jianghan University Library, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su X, Shen Y, Kim IM, Weintraub NL, Hamrick M, Tang Y. Extracellular Vesicles for Muscle Atrophy Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:119-126. [PMID: 37603276 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a progressive chronic disease associated with various conditions, such as aging, cancer, and muscular dystrophy. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is highly correlated with or plays a crucial role in inducing skeletal muscle atrophy. Extracellular vehicles (EVs), including exosomes, mediate cell-cell communication, and alterations in the genetic material contained in EVs during muscle atrophy may impair muscle cell signaling. Transplantation of muscle progenitor cell-derived EVs (MPC-EVs) is a promising approach for treating muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Moreover, stem cell-derived EVs with modification of microRNAs (e.g., miR-26 and miR-29) have been reported to attenuate muscle atrophy. Unbiased RNA-Seq analysis suggests that MPC-EVs may exert an inhibitory effect on IL-6 pathway. Here, we review the latest advances concerning the mechanisms of stem cell/progenitor cell-derived EVs in alleviating muscle atrophy, including anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. We also discuss the clinical application of EVs in the treatment of muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Su
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yan Shen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Il-Man Kim
- Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shao X, Gong W, Wang Q, Wang P, Shi T, Mahmut A, Qin J, Yao Y, Yan W, Chen D, Chen X, Jiang Q, Guo B. Atrophic skeletal muscle fibre-derived small extracellular vesicle miR-690 inhibits satellite cell differentiation during ageing. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:3163-3180. [PMID: 36237168 PMCID: PMC9745557 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a common and progressive skeletal muscle disorder characterized by atrophic muscle fibres and contractile dysfunction. Accumulating evidence shows that the number and function of satellite cells (SCs) decline and become impaired during ageing, which may contribute to impaired regenerative capacity. A series of myokines/small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from muscle fibres regulate metabolism in muscle and extramuscular tissues in an autocrine/paracrine/endocrine manner during muscle atrophy. It is still unclear whether myokines/sEVs derived from muscle fibres can affect satellite cell function during ageing. METHODS Aged mice were used to investigate changes in the myogenic capacity of SCs during ageing-induced muscle atrophy. The effects of atrophic myotube-derived sEVs on satellite cell differentiation were investigated by biochemical methods and immunofluorescence staining. Small RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed sEV microRNAs (miRNAs) between the control myotubes and atrophic myotubes. The target genes of the miRNA were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by luciferase activity assays. The effects of identified miRNA on the myogenic capacity of SCs in vivo were investigated by intramuscular injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to overexpress or silence miRNA in skeletal muscle. RESULTS Our study showed that the myogenic capacity of SCs was significantly decreased (50%, n = 6, P < 0.001) in the tibialis anterior muscle of aged mice. We showed that atrophic myotube-derived sEVs inhibited satellite cell differentiation in vitro (n = 3, P < 0.001) and in vivo (35%, n = 6, P < 0.05). We also found that miR-690 was the most highly enriched miRNA among all the screened sEV miRNAs in atrophic myotubes [Log2 (Fold Change) = 7, P < 0.001], which was verified in the atrophic muscle of aged mice (threefold, n = 6, P < 0.001) and aged men with mean age of 71 ± 5.27 years (2.8-fold, n = 10, P < 0.001). MiR-690 can inhibit myogenic capacity of SCs by targeting myocyte enhancer factor 2, including Mef2a, Mef2c and Mef2d, in vitro (n = 3, P < 0.05) and in vivo (n = 6, P < 0.05). Specific silencing of miR-690 in the muscle can promote satellite cell differentiation (n = 6, P < 0.001) and alleviate muscle atrophy in aged mice (n = 6, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that atrophic muscle fibre-derived sEV miR-690 may inhibit satellite cell differentiation by targeting myocyte enhancer factor 2 during ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianshu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Abdurahman Mahmut
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baosheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University & Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ren J, Yu R, Xue J, Tang Y, Su S, Liao C, Guo Q, Guo W, Zheng J. How Do Extracellular Vesicles Play a Key Role in the Maintenance of Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5375-5389. [PMID: 36419718 PMCID: PMC9677931 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s377598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of bone homeostasis includes both bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. These two processes are in dynamic balance to maintain a constant amount of bone for accomplishing its critical functions in daily life. Multiple cell type communications are involved in these two complex and continuous processes. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have shown that osteogenic and osteoclastic extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in regulating bone homeostasis through paracrine, autosecretory and endocrine signaling. Elucidating the functional roles of extracellular vesicles in the maintenance of bone homeostasis may contribute to the design of new strategies for bone regeneration. Hence, we review the recent understandings of the classification, production process, extraction methods, structure, contents, functions and applications of extracellular vesicles in bone homeostasis. We highlight the contents of various bone-derived extracellular vesicles and their interactions with different cells in the bone microenvironment during bone homeostasis. We also summarize the recent advances in EV-loaded biomaterial scaffolds for bone regeneration and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongcheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Xue
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sihui Su
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ji S, Ma P, Cao X, Wang J, Yu X, Luo X, Lu J, Hou W, Zhang Z, Yan Y, Dong Y, Wang H. Myoblast-derived exosomes promote the repair and regeneration of injured skeletal muscle in mice. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:2213-2226. [PMID: 36325691 PMCID: PMC9714366 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
When skeletal muscle is damaged, satellite cells (SCs) are activated to proliferate rapidly and fuse with the damaged muscle fibers to form new muscle fibers, thereby promoting muscle growth and remodeling and repair of trauma. Exosomes from differentiating human skeletal muscle cells trigger myogenesis of stem cells and provide biochemical cues for skeletal muscle regeneration. Therefore, we hypothesized that, when muscles are injured, myoblast-derived exosomes may regulate muscle repair and regeneration. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanism by applying C2C12-derived exosomes to injured mouse skeletal muscles. The expression levels of skeletal muscle regeneration factors paired box 7 and lipid-promoting factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ were upregulated, whereas the expression levels of fibrosis factors collagen-1 and α-smooth muscle actin decreased. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was elevated after applying C2C12-derived exosomes to SCs. Application of C2C12-derived exosomes to fibro-adipogenic progenitors resulted in an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression and adipogenesis capacity, whereas α-smooth muscle actin expression and fibrosis capacity decreased. Analysis of the transcriptome and proteome of SCs after treatment with exosomes showed the involvement of multiple biological processes, including proliferation and differentiation of SCs, muscle regeneration, skeletal muscle atrophy, and the inflammatory response after muscle injury. Hence, our data suggest that C2C12-derived exosomes can promote the regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers, accelerate the production of fat from damaged muscles, inhibit the fibrosis of damaged muscles, and accelerate injury repair, which is related to exosome-mediated regulation of the proliferation of SCs, differentiation of fibro-adipogenic progenitors, and modulation of SC mRNA expression and protein formation and decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shusen Ji
- College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongChina
| | - Pei Ma
- College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongChina
| | - Xiaorui Cao
- College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongChina
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineChina
| | - Xiuju Yu
- College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongChina
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongChina
| | - Jiayin Lu
- College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongChina
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongChina
| | | | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongChina
| | - Yanjun Dong
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineShanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongChina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu S, Lin S, Zhang X, Alizada M, Wang L, Zheng Y, Ke Q, Xu J. Recent advances in cell-based and cell-free therapeutic approaches for sarcopenia. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22614. [PMID: 36250337 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200675r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and function that is connected with increased hospital expenditures, falls, fractures, and mortality. Although muscle loss has been related to aging, injury, hormonal imbalances, and diseases such as malignancies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and kidney failure, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of sarcopenia are unclear. Exercise-based interventions and multimodal strategies are currently being considered as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat these diseases. Although drug therapy research is ongoing, no drug has yet been proven to have a substantial safety and clinical value to be the first drug therapy to be licensed for sarcopenia. To better understand the molecular alterations underlying sarcopenia and effective treatments, we review leading research and available findings from the systemic change to the muscle-specific microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore possible mechanisms of sarcopenia and provide new knowledge for the development of novel cell-free and cell-based therapeutics. This review will assist researchers in developing better therapies to improve muscle health in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Mujahid Alizada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Liangmin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiqiang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Ke
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liao Z, Ke W, Liu H, Tong B, Wang K, Feng X, Hua W, Wang B, Song Y, Luo R, Liang H, Zhang W, Zhao K, Li S, Yang C. Vasorin-containing small extracellular vesicles retard intervertebral disc degeneration utilizing an injectable thermoresponsive delivery system. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:420. [PMID: 36123708 PMCID: PMC9484164 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the pathological reason of back pain and the therapeutic approaches are still unsatisfactory. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as the novel regenerative method for IDD. In this study, we intensively investigated the therapeutic mechanism of small EVs, and found that vasorin protein enriched in EVs promoted the proliferation and extracellular matrix anabolism of nucleus pulposus cells via the Notch1 signaling pathway. Then, we fabricated a thermoresponsive gel which composed of Pluronic F127 and decellularized extracellular matrix (FEC) for the delivery and sustained release of EVs. Besides, ex vivo and in vivo results showed that EVs embedded in FEC (EVs@FEC) ameliorate the disc degeneration efficiently and achieve better therapeutic effects than one-off EVs delivery. Collectively, these findings deepen the understanding of EVs mechanism in treating intervertebral disc degeneration, and also illustrate the promising capacity of sustained EVs release system for intervertebral disc regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bide Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenbin Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bingjin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huaizhen Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kangcheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu T, Lin Y, Yu X, Jiang G, Wang J, Xu K, Fang J, Wang S, Dai X. Comparative Effects of Exosomes and Ectosomes Isolated From Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Achilles Tendinopathy in a Rat Model. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2740-2752. [PMID: 35867349 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) have gained momentum as a treatment for tendinopathy. Multiple studies have demonstrated significant differences in cargo composition between the 2 subtypes of MSC-EVs (ie, exosomes and ectosomes), which may result in different therapeutic effects. However, the effects of the 2 EV subtypes on tendinopathy have not yet been compared. PURPOSE To compare the effects of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes (ASC-Exos) and ectosomes (ASC-Ectos) on Achilles tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Rats were administered collagenase injections to generate a model of Achilles tendinopathy. A week later, 36 rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. In each group, Achilles tendons were injected with equal volumes of ASC-Exos, ASC-Ectos, or saline (12 legs/group). The healing outcomes were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, histology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and biomechanical testing at 3 and 5 weeks after collagenase injection. RESULTS At 3 and 5 weeks, the ASC-Exo group had better histological scores (P = .0036 and P = .0276, respectively), a lower fibril density (P < .0001 and P = .0310, respectively), and a larger collagen diameter (P = .0052 and P < .0001, respectively) than the ASC-Ecto group. At 5 weeks, the expression of collagen type 1 and CD206 in the ASC-Exo group was significantly higher than that in the ASC-Ecto group (P = .0025 and P = .0010, respectively). Regarding biomechanical testing, the ASC-Exo group showed higher failure load (P = .0005), tensile stress (P < .0001), and elastic modulus (P < .0001) than the ASC-Ecto group. CONCLUSION ASC-Exos had more beneficial effects on tendon repair than ASC-Ectos in a rat model of Achilles tendinopathy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of ASC-EVs may have the potential to treat Achilles tendinopathy, and delivery of ASC-Exos could provide additional benefits. It is necessary to compare the healing responses caused by different EV subtypes to further understand their effects on tendinopathy and to aid clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengjing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yunting Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xinning Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Guangyao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiajie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Kaiwang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jinghua Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Siheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xuesong Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.,Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Walsh CJ, Batt J, Herridge MS, Mathur S, Bader GD, Hu P, Khatri P, Dos Santos CC. Comprehensive multi-cohort transcriptional meta-analysis of muscle diseases identifies a signature of disease severity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11260. [PMID: 35789175 PMCID: PMC9253003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle diseases share common pathological features suggesting common underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized there is a common set of genes dysregulated across muscle diseases compared to healthy muscle and that these genes correlate with severity of muscle disease. We performed meta-analysis of transcriptional profiles of muscle biopsies from human muscle diseases and healthy controls. Studies obtained from public microarray repositories fulfilling quality criteria were divided into six categories: (i) immobility, (ii) inflammatory myopathies, (iii) intensive care unit (ICU) acquired weakness (ICUAW), (iv) congenital muscle diseases, (v) chronic systemic diseases, (vi) motor neuron disease. Patient cohorts were separated in discovery and validation cohorts retaining roughly equal proportions of samples for the disease categories. To remove bias towards a specific muscle disease category we repeated the meta-analysis five times by removing data sets corresponding to one muscle disease class at a time in a "leave-one-disease-out" analysis. We used 636 muscle tissue samples from 30 independent cohorts to identify a 52 gene signature (36 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated genes). We validated the discriminatory power of this signature in 657 muscle biopsies from 12 additional patient cohorts encompassing five categories of muscle diseases with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91, 83% sensitivity, and 85.3% specificity. The expression score of the gene signature inversely correlated with quadriceps muscle mass (r = -0.50, p-value = 0.011) in ICUAW and shoulder abduction strength (r = -0.77, p-value = 0.014) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The signature also positively correlated with histologic assessment of muscle atrophy in ALS (r = 0.88, p-value = 1.62 × 10-3) and fibrosis in muscular dystrophy (Jonckheere trend test p-value = 4.45 × 10-9). Our results identify a conserved transcriptional signature associated with clinical and histologic muscle disease severity. Several genes in this conserved signature have not been previously associated with muscle disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Walsh
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Batt
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M S Herridge
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Mathur
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G D Bader
- The Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - P Khatri
- Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection (ITI), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C C Dos Santos
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang X, Lu Y, Wu S, Zhang S, Li S, Tan J. An Overview of Current Research on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2009 to 2021. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:910812. [PMID: 35814000 PMCID: PMC9268551 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.910812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication and participate in numerous physiological and pathological processes in the body. This study aims to introduce the research status, analyze the research hotspots, and predict the development trend through bibliometric analysis of MSC-EVs. Methods: We searched all relevant literature on MSC-EVs from 2009 to 2021 in the Web of Science. R-bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software were used to visualize the quantitative analysis of the published literature, including co-authorship, co-occurrence, citation, and co-citation, to provide objective presentation and predictions in the field. Results: A total of 1595 articles and reviews on MSC-EVs published between 2009 and 2021 were identified. The annual publication outputs increased at an exponential rate, reaching as high as 555 publications in 2021. China contributed the most publications (n = 899, 56.36%) and had the most citations (n = 24,210). The United States had the strongest intensity of cooperation in this field. Shanghai Jiao Tong University had the maximum number of publications (n = 79). In terms of the number of publications and co-citations, the journal of Stem cell research & therapy ranked first. Camussi G was the most productive and most cited author. The top three themes in the research area were cell biology, research experimental medicine, and biochemistry molecular biology. Keyword co-occurrence and co-citation clustering analysis revealed that studies of MSC-EVs covered cellular origin (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell), injurious diseases (spinal cord injury, acute lung injury, ischemia/reperfusion injury, acute kidney injury, traumatic brain injury), tumor (breast cancer, tumor microenvironment), biological processes (drug delivery system, angiogenesis, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, senescence), and molecular mechanisms (signaling pathway, signal transduction, oxidative stress, VEGF, TGF β). Conclusions: Studies on MSC-EVs have shown a steep growth trend in recent years. Available studies mostly focused on the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of MSC-EVs in aplastic diseases. Multidisciplinary integration is a development trend in this field, and senescence-related topics might be the focus of future research on MSC-EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Disease and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yimeng Lu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Disease and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Disease and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Disease and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Disease and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jichun Tan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Disease and Fertility Remodeling of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jichun Tan,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Saedi AA, Wang Z, Shah A, Brotto M, Duque G. Comparative Analysis of Fat Composition in Marrow, Serum, and Muscle from Aging C57BL6 mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111690. [PMID: 35752298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by fragile bone and low muscle mass and function. Fat infiltration concomitantly contributes to age-related bone and muscle decline. Fat-secreted factors could be locally secreted in the muscle and bone marrow milieu affecting cell function and survival. However, the specific fat-related secretory factors that may simultaneously affect those tissues remain unknown. Using targeted-lipidomics approach, we comprehensively quantified fat composition (lipid mediators [LMs]) in bone marrow flush, gastrocnemius and serum obtained from 6-, 24- and 42-week-old C57BL6 mice. Compared to young mice (6wks), all tissues in older mice showed significantly higher levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and AA-derived eicosanoids, PGA 2, TXB 2, and 11,12-EET, which are known to affect muscle and bone function. Moreover, Lipoxin B4, another AA product and an enhancer of bone turnover and negative regulator for muscle, showed significantly lower values in older mice compared to young mice in both genders. Furthermore, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid autoxidation products (20-HDoHE, 11-HDoHE, 7-HDoHE and 4-HDoHE), and omega-3 fatty acids that negatively regulate bone and muscle health, were significantly higher in older mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that LMs could play a role in modulating musculoskeletal function during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas-Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Anup Shah
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform and Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas-Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Geroscience & Osteosarcopenia Research Program, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang W, Sun W, Gu X, Miao C, Feng L, Shen Q, Liu X, Zhang X. GDF-15 in tumor-derived exosomes promotes muscle atrophy via Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:162. [PMID: 35379793 PMCID: PMC8980041 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are emerging mediators of cancer cachexia, a kind of multifactorial syndrome characterized by serious loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Our previous study had showed that microRNAs in exosomes of C26 colon tumor cells were involved in induction of muscle atrophy. Here, we focus on studying proteins in tumor-derived exosomes which might also contribute to the development of cancer cachexia. Results of comparing the protein profiles of cachexic C26 exosomes and non-cachexic MC38 exosomes suggested that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) was rich in C26 exosomes. Western blotting analysis confirmed the higher levels of GDF-15 in C26 cells and C26 exosomes, compared with that of MC38 cells. Results of animal study also showed that GDF-15 was rich in tumor tissues, serum exosomes, and gastrocnemius (GA) muscle tissues of C26 tumor-bearing mice. GDF-15 protein could directly induce muscle atrophy of cultured C2C12 myotubes via regulating Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathways. What’s more, overexpression of GDF-15 in MC38 cells could increase the potency of MC38 conditioned medium or exosomes in inducing muscle atrophy. Knockdown of GDF-15 in C26 cells decreased the potency of C26 conditioned medium or exosomes in inducing muscle atrophy. These results suggested that GDF-15 in tumor-derived exosomes could contribute to induction of muscle atrophy and also supported the possibility of targeting GDF-15 in treatment of cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weikuan Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiao Miao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Feng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiongwen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang L, Patel KD, Rathnam C, Thangam R, Hou Y, Kang H, Lee KB. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Applications Using Multifunctional Magnetic Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104783. [PMID: 35132796 PMCID: PMC9344859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes) carrying various biomolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) have rapidly emerged as promising platforms for many biomedical applications. Despite their enormous potential, their heterogeneity in surfaces and sizes, the high complexity of cargo biomolecules, and the inefficient uptake by recipient cells remain critical barriers for their theranostic applications. To address these critical issues, multifunctional nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanomaterials, with their tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties, may play crucial roles in next-generation extracellular vesicles (EV)-based disease diagnosis, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. As such, one aims to provide cutting-edge knowledge pertaining to magnetic nanomaterials-facilitated isolation, detection, and delivery of extracellular vesicles and their associated biomolecules. By engaging the fields of extracellular vesicles and magnetic nanomaterials, it is envisioned that their properties can be effectively combined for optimal outcomes in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kapil D. Patel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wan R, Hussain A, Behfar A, Moran SL, Zhao C. The Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes in Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073869. [PMID: 35409228 PMCID: PMC8998690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue defects are common following trauma and tumor extirpation. These injuries can result in poor functional recovery and lead to a diminished quality of life. The healing of skin and muscle is a complex process that, at present, leads to incomplete recovery and scarring. Regenerative medicine may offer the opportunity to improve the healing process and functional outcomes. Barriers to regenerative strategies have included cost, regulatory hurdles, and the need for cell-based therapies. In recent years, exosomes, or extracellular vesicles, have gained tremendous attention in the field of soft tissue repair and regeneration. These nanosized extracellular particles (30-140 nm) can break the cellular boundaries, as well as facilitate intracellular signal delivery in various regenerative physiologic and pathologic processes. Existing studies have established the potential of exosomes in regenerating tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves through different mechanisms, including promoting myogenesis, increasing tenocyte differentiation and enhancing neurite outgrowth, and the proliferation of Schwann cells. These exosomes can be stored for immediate use in the operating room, and can be produced cost efficiently. In this article, we critically review the current advances of exosomes in soft tissue (tendons, skeletal muscles, and peripheral nerves) healing. Additionally, new directions for clinical applications in the future will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rou Wan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.W.); (A.H.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Arif Hussain
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.W.); (A.H.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Atta Behfar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Van Cleve Cardiac Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven L. Moran
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.W.); (A.H.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Chunfeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang W, Huang P, Lin J, Zeng H. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Osteoporosis: A Scoping Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030324. [PMID: 35323799 PMCID: PMC8948898 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As an insidious metabolic bone disease, osteoporosis plagues the world, with high incidence rates. Patients with osteoporosis are prone to falls and becoming disabled, and their cone fractures and hip fractures are very serious, so the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis is very urgent. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles secreted from cells to the outside of the cell and they are wrapped in a bilayer of phospholipids. According to the size of the particles, they can be divided into three categories, namely exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. The diameter of exosomes is 30–150 nm, the diameter of microvesicles is 100–1000 nm, and the diameter of apoptotic bodies is about 50–5000 nm. EVs play an important role in various biological process and diseases including osteoporosis. In this review, the role of EVs in osteoporosis is systematically reviewed and some insights for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifei Zhang
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China;
| | - Pengzhou Huang
- National Cancer Center & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China;
| | - Jianjing Lin
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Naito Y, Kato H, Zhou L, Sugita S, He H, Zheng J, Hao Q, Sawa T, Lee JW. Therapeutic Effects of Hyaluronic Acid Against Cytotoxic Extracellular Vesicles Released During Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pneumonia. Shock 2022; 57:408-416. [PMID: 34387224 PMCID: PMC8840981 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have now been recognized as important mediators of cellular communication during injury and repair. We previously found that plasma EVs isolated from ex vivo perfused human lungs injured with Escherichia coli bacterial pneumonia were inflammatory, and exogenous administration of high molecular weight (HMW) hyaluronic acid (HA) as therapy bound to these EVs, decreasing inflammation and injury. In the current study, we studied the role of EVs released during severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) pneumonia in mice and determined whether intravenous administration of exogenous HMW HA would have therapeutic effects against the bacterial pneumonia. EVs were collected from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice infected with PA103 by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by NanoSight and flow cytometry. In a cytotoxicity assay, administration of EVs released from infected mice (I-EVs) decreased the viability of A549 cells compared to EV isolated from sham control mice (C-EVs). Either exogenous HMW HA or an anti-CD44 antibody, when co-incubated with I-EVs, significantly improved the viability of the A549 cells. In mice with PA103 pneumonia, administration of HMW HA improved pulmonary edema and bacterial count in the lungs and decreased TNF-α and caspase-3 levels in the supernatant of lung homogenates. In conclusion, EVs isolated from BALF of mice with P. aeruginosa pneumonia were cytotoxic and inflammatory, and intravenous HMW HA administration was protective against P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideya Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shinji Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hongli He
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Justin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Qi Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu X, Sun W. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Stem Cells in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:793363. [PMID: 35096823 PMCID: PMC8793284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of low back pain related to degradation of cartilaginous tissues, mainly resulting from oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exist in all bodily fluids and can be produced by all types of cells. Stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs), which are the main paracrine components of stem cells, have gained significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. Over the past years, accumulating evidence indicates the therapeutic and diagnostic potentials of EVs in IVDD. The main mechanisms involve the induction of regenerative phenotypes, apoptosis alleviation, and immune modulation. In addition, the efficiency of SC-EVs can be enhanced by choosing appropriate donor cells and cell phenotypes, optimizing cell culture conditions, or engineering EVs to deliver drugs and targeting molecules. Given the importance and novelty of SC-EVs, we give an overview of SC-EVs and discuss the roles of SC-EVs in IVDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Wu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xiang XN, Zhu SY, He HC, Yu X, Xu Y, He CQ. Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35012666 PMCID: PMC8751117 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, as a degenerative disease, is a common problem and results in high socioeconomic costs and rates of disability. The most commonly affected joint is the knee and characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, loss of extracellular matrix, and progressive inflammation. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has been explored as a new regenerative treatment for knee osteoarthritis in recent years. However, the detailed functions of MSC-based therapy and related mechanism, especially of cartilage regeneration, have not been explained. Hence, this review summarized how to choose, authenticate, and culture different origins of MSCs and derived exosomes. Moreover, clinical application and the latest mechanistical findings of MSC-based therapy in cartilage regeneration were also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Rehabilitation Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang X, Sugita S, Liu A, Naito Y, Hwang W, Qiu H, Sakamoto A, Sawa T, Matthay MA, Lee JW. Therapeutic effects of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid in severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in ex vivo perfused human lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L827-L836. [PMID: 34524905 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00626.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released during Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial pneumonia were inflammatory, and administration of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW HA) suppressed several indices of acute lung injury (ALI) from E. coli pneumonia by binding to these inflammatory EVs. The current study was undertaken to study the therapeutic effects of HMW HA in ex vivo perfused human lungs injured with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)103 bacterial pneumonia. For lungs with baseline alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) <10%/h, HMW HA 1 or 2 mg was injected intravenously after 1 h (n = 4-9), and EVs released during PA pneumonia were collected from the perfusate over 6 h. For lungs with baseline AFC > 10%/h, HMW HA 2 mg was injected intravenously after 1 h (n = 6). In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of HA on inflammation and bacterial phagocytosis. For lungs with AFC < 10%/h, administration of HMW HA intravenously significantly restored AFC and numerically decreased protein permeability and alveolar inflammation from PA103 pneumonia but had no effect on bacterial counts at 6 h. However, HMW HA improved bacterial phagocytosis by human monocytes and neutrophils and suppressed the inflammatory properties of EVs released during pneumonia on monocytes. For lungs with AFC > 10%/h, administration of HMW HA intravenously improved AFC from PA103 pneumonia but had no significant effects on protein permeability, inflammation, or bacterial counts. In the presence of impaired alveolar epithelial transport capacity, administration of HMW HA improved the resolution of pulmonary edema from Pseudomonas PA103 bacterial pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Shinji Sugita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Airan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wonjung Hwang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang SZ, Jia J, Chen CH. lncRNA-KCNQ1OT1: A Potential Target in Exosomes Derived from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Osteoporosis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:7690006. [PMID: 34712334 PMCID: PMC8548139 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7690006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a worldwide medical and socioeconomic burden characterized by systemic impairment of bone strength and microstructure. Exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-Exos) have been confirmed to play effective roles in the repair of various tissues and organs. This study was aimed at investigating the role of ADSCs-Exos and a novel long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 played in osteoporosis as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS Primary osteoblasts were treated with different doses of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 ng/ml) and then cocultured with ADSCs-Exos or exosome-derived from lnc-KCNQ1OT1-modified ADSCs (KCNQ1OT1-Exos). The expression of miRNA-141-5p (miR-141-5p) and lnc-KCNQ1OT1 was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-3, and Bax was determined by Western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The binding sites between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-141-5p were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS TNF-α dose-dependently increased miR-141-5p expression, inhibited viability, and promoted apoptosis of osteoblasts. However, miR-141-5p silencing or cocultured with ADSCs-Exos attenuated these effects. In addition, KCNQ1OT1-Exos could more significantly attenuate the induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis compared to ADSCs-Exos. Moreover, miR-141-5p was confirmed as the target of KCNQ1OT1 by luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS ADSCs-Exos can attenuate cytotoxicity and apoptosis of TNF-α-induced primary osteoblasts. KCNQ1OT1-Exos have a more significant inhibitory effect compared to ADSCs-Exos by the function of sponging miR-141-5p, suggesting that KCNQ1OT1-Exos can be promising agents in osteoporosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, 101 Xingyuan North Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Chang-Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 130 Renmin Middle Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Berumen Sánchez G, Bunn KE, Pua HH, Rafat M. Extracellular vesicles: mediators of intercellular communication in tissue injury and disease. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:104. [PMID: 34656117 PMCID: PMC8520651 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is a critical process that ensures cooperation between distinct cell types and maintains homeostasis. EVs, which were initially described as cellular debris and devoid of biological function, are now recognized as key components in cell-cell communication. EVs are known to carry multiple factors derived from their cell of origin, including cytokines and chemokines, active enzymes, metabolites, nucleic acids, and surface molecules, that can alter the behavior of recipient cells. Since the cargo of EVs reflects their parental cells, EVs from damaged and dysfunctional tissue environments offer an abundance of information toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of various diseases and pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the role of EVs in the progression of cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory lung diseases given the high prevalence of these conditions worldwide and the important role that intercellular communication between immune, parenchymal, and stromal cells plays in the development of these pathological states. We also consider the clinical applications of EVs, including the possibilities for their use as novel therapeutics. While intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is key for physiological processes and tissue homeostasis, injury and stress result in altered communication patterns in the tissue microenvironment. When left unchecked, EV-mediated interactions between stromal, immune, and parenchymal cells lead to the development of disease states Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Berumen Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. Bunn
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Heather H. Pua
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by the Exosomes of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1473-1488. [PMID: 34698065 PMCID: PMC8929094 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Profound skeletal muscle loss can lead to severe disability and cosmetic deformities. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have shown potential as an effective therapeutic tool for tissue regeneration. This study aimed to determine the regenerative capacity of MSC-derived exosomes for skeletal muscle regeneration. Exosomes were isolated from human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs). The effects of MSC-derived exosomes on satellite cells were investigated using cell viability, relevant genes, and protein analyses. Moreover, NOD-SCID mice were used and randomly assigned to the healthy control (n = 4), muscle defect (n = 6), and muscle defect + exosome (n = 6) groups. Muscle defects were created using a biopsy punch on the quadriceps of the hind limb. Four weeks after the surgery, the quadriceps muscles were harvested, weighed, and histologically analyzed. MSC-derived exosome treatment increased the proliferation and expression of myocyte-related genes, and immunofluorescence analysis for myogenin revealed a similar trend. Histologically, MSC-derived exosome-treated mice showed relatively preserved shapes and sizes of the muscle bundles. Immunohistochemical staining revealed greater expression of myogenin and myoblast determination protein 1 in the MSC-derived exosome-treated group. These results indicate that exosomes extracted from AD-MSCs have the therapeutic potential for skeletal muscle regeneration.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang J, Jiao D, Zhang G, Liu J, Qu C, Chen H, Chen C, Yu S. Prediction of the Molecular Mechanism of Eucommiae Cortex - Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix in the treatment of Osteoarthritis: Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1235-1247. [PMID: 34590537 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1988098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrieve the core drug of osteoarthritis in clinic using Data Mining, predict the drug molecular action target through the Network Pharmacology, identify the key nodes of the interaction by combining with the related targtes of osteoarthritis, explore the pharmacological mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine against osteoarthritis and other possible mechanisms of actions. METHODS to retrieve the commonly used therapeutic formulations for osteoarthritis patients in clinical with PubMed, CNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang Database and other databases, and screen out the core drugs through the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform and software Gephi, filter out the core drug molecules and targets combined with TCMSP database and the targets of osteoarthritis in Genecard and OMIM database, plunge those data into R project and Cytoscape to construct the intersection model of Drug molecule-osteoarthritis, establish PPI network and GO and conduct KEGG enrichment analysis with String database. Vina molecular docking was finally implemented to draw molecular docking diagram, and the results were analyzed after comprehensive analysis. RESULTS The core drug pairs were identified as "Eucommiae Cortex - Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix" through correlation analysis, complex network analysis based on the coefficient. "Eucommiae Cortex - Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix" can intervene cell behavior through multiple pathways and regulate cell metabolism, cytokine synthesis, oxidative and cellular immunity with the help of topology analysis in String Database. CONCLUSIONS The core molecules of Quercetin and Kaempferol derived from "Eucommia bark - achyranthes" can change the spatial conformation of PTGSs by hydrogen bonding with PTGSs, the hydrophobic bonds and van der Waals forces generated by Baicalein, Wogonin and β-carotene, thereby changing the activity of PTGSs and affecting bone properties the process of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Shenyang Orthopedics Hospital, NO.115, Dongbei Road, Dadong District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dijin Jiao
- Shenyang Orthopedics Hospital, NO.115, Dongbei Road, Dadong District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guoguang Zhang
- Liaoning Traditional Chinese Medicine University, NO.79 Chongshan Road,Shenyang City Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juntong Liu
- Liaoning Traditional Chinese Medicine University, NO.79 Chongshan Road,Shenyang City Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Liaoning Traditional Chinese Medicine University, NO.79 Chongshan Road,Shenyang City Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- Liaoning Traditional Chinese Medicine University, NO.79 Chongshan Road,Shenyang City Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chongmin Chen
- Shenyang Orthopedics Hospital, NO.115, Dongbei Road, Dadong District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Sun Yu
- Shenyang Orthopedics Hospital, NO.115, Dongbei Road, Dadong District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pinson MR, Chung DD, Adams AM, Scopice C, Payne EA, Sivakumar M, Miranda RC. Extracellular Vesicles in Premature Aging and Diseases in Adulthood Due to Developmental Exposures. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1516-1535. [PMID: 34527425 PMCID: PMC8407878 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) is a paradigm that links prenatal and early life exposures that occur during crucial periods of development to health outcome and risk of disease later in life. Maternal exposures to stress, some psychoactive drugs and alcohol, and environmental chemicals, among others, may result in functional changes in developing fetal tissues, creating a predisposition for disease in the individual as they age. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be mediators of both the immediate effects of exposure during development and early childhood as well as the long-term consequences of exposure that lead to increased risk and disease severity later in life. Given the prevalence of diseases with developmental origins, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, osteoporosis, metabolic dysfunction, and cancer, it is important to identify persistent mediators of disease risk. In this review, we take this approach, viewing diseases typically associated with aging in light of early life exposures and discuss the potential role of EVs as mediators of lasting consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa R Pinson
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Dae D Chung
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Amy M Adams
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Chiara Scopice
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Payne
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Monisha Sivakumar
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hu Y, Wang Y, Chen T, Hao Z, Cai L, Li J. Exosome: Function and Application in Inflammatory Bone Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6324912. [PMID: 34504641 PMCID: PMC8423581 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6324912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the skeletal system, inflammation is closely associated with many skeletal disorders, including periprosthetic osteolysis (bone loss around orthopedic implants), osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. These diseases, referred to as inflammatory bone diseases, are caused by various oxidative stress factors in the body, resulting in long-term chronic inflammatory processes and eventually causing disturbances in bone metabolism, increased osteoclast activity, and decreased osteoblast activity, thereby leading to osteolysis. Inflammatory bone diseases caused by nonbacterial factors include inflammation- and bone resorption-related processes. A growing number of studies show that exosomes play an essential role in developing and progressing inflammatory bone diseases. Mechanistically, exosomes are involved in the onset and progression of inflammatory bone disease and promote inflammatory osteolysis, but specific types of exosomes are also involved in inhibiting this process. Exosomal regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway affects macrophage polarization and regulates inflammatory responses. The inflammatory response further causes alterations in cytokine and exosome secretion. These signals regulate osteoclast differentiation through the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappaB ligand pathway and affect osteoblast activity through the Wnt pathway and the transcription factor Runx2, thereby influencing bone metabolism. Overall, enhanced bone resorption dominates the overall mechanism, and over time, this imbalance leads to chronic osteolysis. Understanding the role of exosomes may provide new perspectives on their influence on bone metabolism in inflammatory bone diseases. At the same time, exosomes have a promising future in diagnosing and treating inflammatory bone disease due to their unique properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingkun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuowen Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li Z, Huang Z, Bai L. Cell Interplay in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720477. [PMID: 34414194 PMCID: PMC8369508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease and a significant health concern that needs to be urgently solved. OA affects the cartilage and entire joint tissues, including the subchondral bone, synovium, and infrapatellar fat pads. The physiological and pathological changes in these tissues affect the occurrence and development of OA. Understanding complex crosstalk among different joint tissues and their roles in OA initiation and progression is critical in elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of OA. In this review, we begin with an overview of the role of chondrocytes, synovial cells (synovial fibroblasts and macrophages), mast cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, various stem cells, and engineered cells (induced pluripotent stem cells) in OA pathogenesis. Then, we discuss the various mechanisms by which these cells communicate, including paracrine signaling, local microenvironment, co-culture, extracellular vesicles (exosomes), and cell tissue engineering. We particularly focus on the therapeutic potential and clinical applications of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, which serve as modulators of cell-to-cell communication, in the field of regenerative medicine, such as cartilage repair. Finally, the challenges and limitations related to exosome-based treatment for OA are discussed. This article provides a comprehensive summary of key cells that might be targets of future therapies for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Foreign Languages College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yao Z, Li J, Xiong H, Cui H, Ning J, Wang S, Ouyang X, Qian Y, Fan C. MicroRNA engineered umbilical cord stem cell-derived exosomes direct tendon regeneration by mTOR signaling. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:169. [PMID: 34090456 PMCID: PMC8180131 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of nano-structures and represent an emerging nano-scale acellular therapy in recent years. Tendon regeneration is a sophisticated process in the field of microsurgery due to its poor natural healing ability. To date, no successful long-term solution has been provided for the healing of tendon injuries. Functional recovery requires advanced treatment strategies. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HUMSC-Exos) are considered as promising cell-free therapeutic agents. However, few studies reported their potential in the tendon repair previously. In this study, we explored the roles and underlying mechanisms of HUMSC-Exos in the tendon regeneration. Results Expression of tendon‐specific markers in, and collagen deposition by, tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) treated with HUMSC-Exos increased in vitro. In a rat Achilles tendon injury model, treatment with HUMSC-Exos improved the histological structure, enhanced tendon-specific matrix components, and optimized biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. Findings in miRNA sequencing indicated a significant increase in miR-29a-3p in HUMSC-Exo-treated Achilles tendons. Next, luciferase assay in combination with western blot identified phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) as the specific target of miR-29a-3p. Furthermore, we applied a miR-29a-3p-specific agonist to engineer HUMSC-Exos. These HUMSC-Exos overexpressing miR-29a-3p amplified the gain effects of HUMSC-Exos on tendon healing in vivo. To explore the underlying mechanisms, a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) inhibitor (SB-431542), mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin), and engineered HUMSC-Exos were employed. The results showed that TGF-β1 and mTOR signaling were involved in the beneficial effects of HUMSC-Exos on tendon regeneration. Conclusion The findings in our study suggest that PTEN/mTOR/TGF-β1 signaling cascades may be a potential pathway for HUMSC-Exos to deliver miR-29a-3p for tendon healing and implicate a novel therapeutic strategy for tendon regeneration via engineered stem cell-derived exosomes. Graphic abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Juehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Haomin Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiexin Ning
- Department of Plastics, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, China
| | - Shikun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xingyu Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Potential Treatments for Osteoarthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061287. [PMID: 34067325 PMCID: PMC8224601 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder of the joint and its prevalence and severity is increasing owing to ageing of the population. Osteoarthritis is characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage and remodeling of the underlying bone. There is little understanding of the cellular and molecular processes involved in pathophysiology of OA. Currently the treatment for OA is limited to painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, which only treat the symptoms. Some patients may also undergo surgical procedures to replace the damaged joints. Extracellular vesicles (EV) play an important role in intercellular communications and their concentration is elevated in the joints of OA patients, although their mechanism is unclear. Extracellular vesicles are naturally released by cells and they carry their origin cell information to be delivered to target cells. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly proliferative and have a great potential in cartilage regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of the current OA treatments and their limitations. We also discuss the role of EV in OA pathophysiology. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived EV in OA and their challenges.
Collapse
|
42
|
Lim H, Choi IY, Hyun SH, Kim H, Lee G. Approaches to characterize the transcriptional trajectory of human myogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4221-4234. [PMID: 33590269 PMCID: PMC11072395 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have attracted considerable interest in understanding the cellular fate determination processes and modeling a number of intractable diseases. In vitro generation of skeletal muscle tissues using hPSCs provides an essential model to identify the molecular functions and gene regulatory networks controlling the differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Such a genetic roadmap is not only beneficial to understanding human myogenesis but also to decipher the molecular pathology of many skeletal muscle diseases. The combination of established human in vitro myogenesis protocols and newly developed molecular profiling techniques offers extensive insight into the molecular signatures for the development of normal and disease human skeletal muscle tissues. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress of in vitro skeletal muscle generation from hPSCs and relevant examples of the transcriptional landscape and disease-related transcriptional aberrations involving signaling pathways during the development of skeletal muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HoTae Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - In Young Choi
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hyesoo Kim
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- School of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review encompasses the main novelties regarding nonimmune mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, growing data support a role for endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress as a propagator of muscular damage, together with the release of interferon type I and reactive oxygen species in hypoxemic muscle fibers. Other studies evaluating the relationship between autophagy and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in IIM subtypes have shown increased TLR3 and TLR4 expression in fibers of IIM patients and colocalization with LC3, an autophagy marker, submitting autophagy as a likely player in IIM pathogenesis. Most novel evidences concern the potential role of denervation of the neuromuscular junction in IIM, possibly connected to hyperexpression of MHC-I, and trafficking of extracellular vesicles, which may represent a connection between nonimmune and immune-mediated mechanisms of muscle inflammation and damage. SUMMARY Nonimmune mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of IIM, likely cooperating with immune-mediated inflammation. Consistent data were released for ER stress, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia; in addition to, neuromuscular denervation and extracellular vesicles have been proposed as thoughtful links between muscle inflammation, damage and atrophy. Further understanding of nonimmune abnormalities and potential reversible pathways is needed to improve the management of IIM.
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu X, Hao Y, Wu J, Zhao J, Xiong S. Assessment of Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis to Explore Key Pathways and Novel Biomarkers in Muscular Dystrophy. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2021; 14:431-444. [PMID: 33883925 PMCID: PMC8053709 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s301098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the key molecular pathways involved in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and thereby identify hub genes to be potentially used as novel biomarkers using a bioinformatics approach. Methods Raw GSE109178 data were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on the top 50% of altered genes. The key modules associated with the clinical features of DMD and BMD were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using the DAVID website. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING website. MCODE, together with the Cytohubba plug-ins of Cytoscape, screened out the potential hub genes, which were subsequently verified via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in other datasets. Results Among the 11 modules obtained, the black module was predominantly associated with pathology and DMD, whereas the light-green module was primarily related to age and BMD. Functional enrichment assessments indicated that the genes in the black module were primarily clustered in “immune response” and “phagosome,” whereas the ones in the light-green module were chiefly enriched in “protein polyubiquitination”. Eleven essential genes were eventually identified, including VCAM1, TYROBP, CD44, ITGB2, CSF1R, LCP2, C3AR1, CCL2, and ITGAM for DMD, along with UBA5 and UBR2 for BMD. Conclusion Overall, our findings may be useful for investigating the mechanisms underlying DMD and BMD. In addition, the hub genes discovered might serve as novel molecular markers correlated with dystrophinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Xiong
- Liaoning Academy of Analytic Science, Construction Engineering Center of Important Technology Innovation and Research and Development Base in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen G, Tang W, Wang S, Long C, He X, Yang D, Peng S. Promising diagnostic and therapeutic circRNAs for skeletal and chondral disorders. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1428-1439. [PMID: 33867856 PMCID: PMC8040475 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.57887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a highly conserved subtype of non-coding RNAs, produced by the back-splicing of specific regions of pre-mRNA. CircRNAs have wide-ranging effects on eukaryotic physiology and pathology by acting as transcription regulators, miRNA sponges, protein sponges, and templates for translation. Skeletal and chondral disorders are the leading causes of pain and disability, especially for elders, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Plenty of evidence have shown that circRNAs are dysregulated and play vital roles in the occurrence and progression of skeletal and chondral disorders. Herein, we systematically summarize the emerging roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of hub circRNAs in the pathogenesis of several representative skeletal and chondral disorders. Our findings may provide further insight into the mechanistic details of the role of circRNA in bone or cartilage metabolism, and highlight the promising application of circRNAs in serving as potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of skeletal and chondral disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery and Institute for Orthopaedic Research, the 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Sports System, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wanze Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Institute for Orthopaedic Research, the 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Sports System, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Institute for Orthopaedic Research, the 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Sports System, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Canling Long
- Department of Spine Surgery and Institute for Orthopaedic Research, the 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Sports System, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoqin He
- Department of Spine Surgery and Institute for Orthopaedic Research, the 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Sports System, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Institute for Orthopaedic Research, the 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Sports System, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Songlin Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery and Institute for Orthopaedic Research, the 2nd Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reconstruction of Sports System, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Exosomes derived from circRNA Rtn4-modified BMSCs attenuate TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in murine MC3T3-E1 cells by sponging miR-146a. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224122. [PMID: 32400849 PMCID: PMC7251325 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common and complex skeletal disorder worldwide. Exosomes secreted by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are considered as an ideal seed source for bone tissue regeneration. However, the role of exosomes secreted by BMSCs (BMSCs-Exos) in osteoporosis and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-146a and circular RNA (circRNA) Rtn4 (circ-Rtn4) was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and their protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect caspase-3 activity. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was exploited for target validation. Results showed that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) dose-dependently increased miR-146a expression, inhibited cell viability, and promoted cell apoptosis, as indicated by increased caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression as well as caspase-3 activity. However, miR-146a silencing or co-culture with BMSCs-Exos blocked these effects. Moreover, co-culture with exosomes-derived from circ-Rtn4-modified BMSCs (Rtn4-Exos) attenuated TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells, as evidenced by the decrease in caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax protein expression and caspase-3 activity. In addition, miR-146a was identified as a target of circ-Rtn4, and Rtn4-Exos exerted their function in TNF-α-treated MC3T3-E1 cells by sponging miR-146a. Hence, our findings suggested that Rtn4-Exos attenuated TNF-α-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in murine MC3T3-E1 cells by sponging miR-146a, suggesting that Rtn4-Exos may serve as novel candidates for treating osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Exosomes derived from miR-126-3p-overexpressing synovial fibroblasts suppress chondrocyte inflammation and cartilage degradation in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:37. [PMID: 33627637 PMCID: PMC7904758 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated within exosomes can serve as essential regulators of intercellular communication and represent promising biomarkers of several aging-associated disorders. However, the relationship between exosomal miRNAs and osteoarthritis (OA)-related chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts (SFCs) remain to be clarified. Herein, we profiled synovial fluid-derived exosomal miRNAs and explored the effects of exosomal miRNAs derived from SFCs on chondrocyte inflammation, proliferation, and survival, and further assessed their impact on cartilage degeneration in a surgically-induced rat OA model. We identified 19 miRNAs within synovial fluid-derived exosomes that were differentially expressed when comparing OA and control patients. We then employed a microarray-based approach to confirm that exosomal miRNA-126-3p expression was significantly reduced in OA patient-derived synovial fluid exosomes. At a functional level, miRNA-126-3p mimic treatment was sufficient to promote rat chondrocyte migration and proliferation while also suppressing apoptosis and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression. SFC-miRNA-126-3p-Exos were able to suppress apoptotic cell death and associated inflammation in chondrocytes. Our in vivo results revealed that rat SFC-derived exosomal miRNA-126-3p was sufficient to suppress the formation of osteophytes, prevent cartilage degeneration, and exert anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on articular cartilage. Overall, our findings indicate that SFC exosome‐delivered miRNA-126-3p can constrain chondrocyte inflammation and cartilage degeneration. As such, SFC-miRNA-126-3p-Exos may be of therapeutic value for the treatment of patients suffering from OA.
Collapse
|
48
|
The Future of Regenerative Medicine: Cell Therapy Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Acellular Therapies Based on Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020240. [PMID: 33513719 PMCID: PMC7912181 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress in the field of stem cell research has laid strong foundations for their use in regenerative medicine applications of injured or diseased tissues. Growing evidences indicate that some observed therapeutic outcomes of stem cell-based therapy are due to paracrine effects rather than long-term engraftment and survival of transplanted cells. Given their ability to cross biological barriers and mediate intercellular information transfer of bioactive molecules, extracellular vesicles are being explored as potential cell-free therapeutic agents. In this review, we first discuss the state of the art of regenerative medicine and its current limitations and challenges, with particular attention on pluripotent stem cell-derived products to repair organs like the eye, heart, skeletal muscle and skin. We then focus on emerging beneficial roles of extracellular vesicles to alleviate these pathological conditions and address hurdles and operational issues of this acellular strategy. Finally, we discuss future directions and examine how careful integration of different approaches presented in this review could help to potentiate therapeutic results in preclinical models and their good manufacturing practice (GMP) implementation for future clinical trials.
Collapse
|
49
|
Herrmann M, Diederichs S, Melnik S, Riegger J, Trivanović D, Li S, Jenei-Lanzl Z, Brenner RE, Huber-Lang M, Zaucke F, Schildberg FA, Grässel S. Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Pathologies and Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:624096. [PMID: 33553127 PMCID: PMC7855463 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.624096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of musculoskeletal diseases is steadily increasing with aging of the population. In the past years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained attention in musculoskeletal research. EVs have been associated with various musculoskeletal pathologies as well as suggested as treatment option. EVs play a pivotal role in communication between cells and their environment. Thereby, the EV cargo is highly dependent on their cellular origin. In this review, we summarize putative mechanisms by which EVs can contribute to musculoskeletal tissue homeostasis, regeneration and disease, in particular matrix remodeling and mineralization, pro-angiogenic effects and immunomodulatory activities. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present the most frequently used cell source for EV generation for musculoskeletal applications, and herein we discuss how the MSC phenotype can influence the cargo and thus the regenerative potential of EVs. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPs) may overcome current limitations of MSCs, and iMP-derived EVs are discussed as an alternative strategy. In the last part of the article, we focus on therapeutic applications of EVs and discuss both practical considerations for EV production and the current state of EV-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Herrmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Solvig Diederichs
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svitlana Melnik
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Drenka Trivanović
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Shushan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf E. Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shao JL, Li H, Zhang XR, Zhang X, Li ZZ, Jiao GL, Sun GD. Identification of Serum Exosomal MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Menopausal Females with Osteoporosis by High-throughput Sequencing. Curr Med Sci 2021; 40:1161-1169. [PMID: 33428145 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency, which mainly occurs in postmenopausal women, is a primary reason for osteoporosis in clinical diagnosis. However, the molecular regulation of osteoporosis in menopausal females is still not adequately explained in the literature, with the diagnosis and treatment for osteoporosis being limited. Herein, exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) were used to evaluate their diagnosis and prediction effects in menopausal females with osteoporosis. In this study, 6 menopausal females without osteoporosis and 12 menopausal females with osteoporosis were enrolled. The serum exosomes were isolated, and the miRNA expression was detected by miRNA high-throughput sequencing. Exosomal miRNA effects were analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. The miRNA-targeted genes were evaluated by Targetscan 7.2 and the protein-protein interactions (PPI) by STRING. Hub genes were analyzed by the CytoHubba app of Cytoscape. The results showed that 191 aberrant miRNAs were found in the group of menopausal females with osteoporosis, including 72 upregulated miRNAs and 121 downregulated miRNAs. Aberrant miRNAs were involved in many signaling pathways, such as the Wnt, MAPK, and Hippo pathways. Based on PPI network analysis, FBXL3, FBXL13, COPS2, UBE2D3, DCUN1D1, DCUN1D4, CUL3, FBXO22, ASB6, and COMMD2 were the 10 most notable genes in the PPI network. In conclusion, aberrant serum exosomal miRNAs were associated with an altered risk of osteoporosis in menopausal females and may act as potential biomarkers for the prediction of risk of osteoporosis in menopausal females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Li Shao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Mental Hospital of Civil Affairs Bureau, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhi-Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gen-Long Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guo-Dong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|