1
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Lofaro FD, Costa S, Simone ML, Quaglino D, Boraldi F. Fibroblasts' secretome from calcified and non-calcified dermis in Pseudoxanthoma elasticum differently contributes to elastin calcification. Commun Biol 2024; 7:577. [PMID: 38755434 PMCID: PMC11099146 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare disease characterized by ectopic calcification, however, despite the widely spread effect of pro/anti-calcifying systemic factors associated with this genetic metabolic condition, it is not known why elastic fibers in the same patient are mainly fragmented or highly mineralized in clinically unaffected (CUS) and affected (CAS) skin, respectively. Cellular morphology and secretome are investigated in vitro in CUS and CAS fibroblasts. Here we show that, compared to CUS, CAS fibroblasts exhibit: a) differently distributed and organized focal adhesions and stress fibers; b) modified cell-matrix interactions (i.e., collagen gel retraction); c) imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; d) differentially expressed pro- and anti-calcifying proteoglycans and elastic-fibers associated glycoproteins. These data emphasize that in the development of pathologic mineral deposition fibroblasts play an active role altering the stability of elastic fibers and of the extracellular matrix milieu creating a local microenvironment guiding the level of matrix remodeling at an extent that may lead to degradation (in CUS) or to degradation and calcification (in CAS) of the elastic component. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of the mineral deposition that can be also associated with several inherited or age-related diseases (e.g., diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Costa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Simone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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2
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Halper J. Basic Components of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix: Fibronectin, Fibrinogen, Laminin, Elastin, Fibrillins, Fibulins, Matrilins, Tenascins and Thrombospondins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:105-126. [PMID: 34807416 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and many types of soft tissues. Elastin is another major component of certain soft tissues, such as arterial walls and ligaments. It is an insoluble polymer of the monomeric soluble precursor tropoelastin, and the main component of elastic fibers in matrix tissue where it provides elastic recoil and resilience to a variety of connective tissues, e.g., aorta and ligaments. Elastic fibers regulate activity of transforming growth factors β (TGFβ) through their association with fibrillin microfibrils. Elastin also plays a role in cell adhesion, cell migration, and has the ability to participate in cell signaling. Mutations in the elastin gene lead to cutis laxa. Many other molecules, though lower in quantity, function as essential, structural and/or functional components of the extracellular matrix in soft tissues. Some of these are reviewed in this chapter. Besides their basic structure, biochemistry and physiology, their roles in disorders of soft tissues are discussed only briefly as most chapters in this volume deal with relevant individual compounds. Fibronectin with its multidomain structure plays a role of "master organizer" in matrix assembly as it forms a bridge between cell surface receptors, e.g., integrins, and compounds such collagen, proteoglycans and other focal adhesion molecules. It also plays an essential role in the assembly of fibrillin-1 into a structured network. Though the primary role of fibrinogen is in clot formation, after conversion to fibrin by thrombin it also binds to a variety of compounds, particularly to various growth factors, and as such, fibrinogen is a player in cardiovascular and extracellular matrix physiology. Laminins contribute to the structure of the ECM and modulate cellular functions such as adhesion, differentiation, migration, stability of phenotype, and resistance towards apoptosis. Fibrillins represent the predominant core of microfibrils in elastic as well as non-elastic extracellular matrixes, and interact closely with tropoelastin and integrins. Not only do microfibrils provide structural integrity of specific organ systems, but they also provide basis for elastogenesis in elastic tissues. Fibrillin is important for the assembly of elastin into elastic fibers. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene are closely associated with Marfan syndrome. Latent TGFβ binding proteins (LTBPs) are included here as their structure is similar to fibrillins. Several categories of ECM components described after fibrillins are sub-classified as matricellular proteins, i.e., they are secreted into ECM, but do not provide structure. Rather they interact with cell membrane receptors, collagens, proteases, hormones and growth factors, communicating and directing cell-ECM traffic. Fibulins are tightly connected with basement membranes, elastic fibers and other components of extracellular matrix and participate in formation of elastic fibers. Matrilins have been emerging as a new group of supporting actors, and their role in connective tissue physiology and pathophysiology has not been fully characterized. Tenascins are ECM polymorphic glycoproteins found in many connective tissues in the body. Their expression is regulated by mechanical stress both during development and in adulthood. Tenascins mediate both inflammatory and fibrotic processes to enable effective tissue repair and play roles in pathogenesis of Ehlers-Danlos, heart disease, and regeneration and recovery of musculo-tendinous tissue. One of the roles of thrombospondin 1 is activation of TGFβ. Increased expression of thrombospondin and TGFβ activity was observed in fibrotic skin disorders such as keloids and scleroderma. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) or thrombospondin-5 is primarily present in the cartilage. High levels of COMP are present in fibrotic scars and systemic sclerosis of the skin, and in tendon, especially with physical activity, loading and post-injury. It plays a role in vascular wall remodeling and has been found in atherosclerotic plaques as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Basic Sciences, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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3
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Dynamic Crosstalk between Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and the Aged Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810175. [PMID: 34576337 PMCID: PMC8468233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is accompanied by the fragmentation of elastic fibers and collagen deposition, leading to reduced distensibility and increased vascular stiffness. A rigid artery facilitates elastin to degradation by MMPs, exposing vascular cells to greater mechanical stress and triggering signaling mechanisms that only exacerbate aging, creating a self-sustaining inflammatory environment that also promotes vascular calcification. In this review, we highlight the role of crosstalk between smooth muscle cells and the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) and how aging promotes smooth muscle cell phenotypes that ultimately lead to mechanical impairment of aging arteries. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and the role of associated changes in ECM during aging may contribute to new approaches to prevent or delay arterial aging and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.
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4
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Jeong W, Kim MK, Kang HW. Effect of detergent type on the performance of liver decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731421997091. [PMID: 33717429 PMCID: PMC7919203 DOI: 10.1177/2041731421997091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix-based bio-inks (dECM bio-inks) for
bioprinting technology have recently gained attention owing to their excellent
ability to confer tissue-specific functions and 3D-printing capability. Although
decellularization has led to a major advancement in bio-ink development, the
effects of detergent type, the most important factor in decellularization, are
still unclear. In this study, the effects of various detergent types on bio-ink
performance were investigated. Porcine liver-derived dECM bio-inks prepared
using widely used detergents, including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium
deoxycholate (SDC), Triton X-100 (TX), and TX with ammonium hydroxide (TXA),
were characterized in detail. SDS and SDC severely damaged glycosaminoglycan and
elastin proteins, TX showed the lowest rate of decellularization, and TXA-based
dECM bio-ink possessed the highest ECM content among all bio-inks. Differences
in biochemical composition directly affected bio-ink performance, with TXA-dECM
bio-ink showing the best performance with respect to gelation kinetics,
intermolecular bonding, mechanical properties, and 2D/3D printability. More
importantly, cytocompatibility tests using primary mouse hepatocytes also showed
that the TXA-dECM bio-ink improved albumin secretion and cytochrome P450
activity by approximately 2.12- and 1.67-fold, respectively, compared with the
observed values for other bio-inks. Our results indicate that the detergent type
has a great influence on dECM damage and that the higher the dECM content, the
better the performance of the bio-ink for 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonwoo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Min Kyeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
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5
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Bochicchio B, Yeo GC, Lee P, Emul D, Pepe A, Laezza A, Ciarfaglia N, Quaglino D, Weiss AS. Domains 12 to 16 of tropoelastin promote cell attachment and spreading through interactions with glycosaminoglycan and integrins alphaV and alpha5beta1. FEBS J 2021; 288:4024-4038. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle C. Yeo
- Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Pearl Lee
- Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Deniz Emul
- Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Department of Science University of Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Science University of Basilicata Potenza Italy
| | | | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney NSW Australia
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6
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Lofaro FD, Boraldi F, Garcia-Fernandez M, Estrella L, Valdivielso P, Quaglino D. Relationship Between Mitochondrial Structure and Bioenergetics in Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Dermal Fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:610266. [PMID: 33392199 PMCID: PMC7773789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease considered as a paradigm of ectopic mineralization disorders, being characterized by multisystem clinical manifestations due to progressive calcification of skin, eyes, and the cardiovascular system, resembling an age-related phenotype. Although fibroblasts do not express the pathogenic ABCC6 gene, nevertheless these cells are still under investigation because they regulate connective tissue homeostasis, generating the “arena” where cells and extracellular matrix components can promote pathologic calcification and where activation of pro-osteogenic factors can be associated to pathways involving mitochondrial metabolism. The aim of the present study was to integrate structural and bioenergenetic features to deeply investigate mitochondria from control and from PXE fibroblasts cultured in standard conditions and to explore the role of mitochondria in the development of the PXE fibroblasts’ pathologic phenotype. Proteomic, biochemical, and morphological data provide new evidence that in basal culture conditions (1) the protein profile of PXE mitochondria reveals a number of differentially expressed proteins, suggesting changes in redox balance, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium homeostasis in addition to modified structure and organization, (2) measure of oxygen consumption indicates that the PXE mitochondria have a low ability to cope with a sudden increased need for ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, (3) mitochondrial membranes are highly polarized in PXE fibroblasts, and this condition contributes to increased reactive oxygen species levels, (4) ultrastructural alterations in PXE mitochondria are associated with functional changes, and (5) PXE fibroblasts exhibit a more abundant, branched, and interconnected mitochondrial network compared to control cells, indicating that fusion prevail over fission events. In summary, the present study demonstrates that mitochondria are modified in PXE fibroblasts. Since mitochondria are key players in the development of the aging process, fibroblasts cultured from aged individuals or aged in vitro are more prone to calcify, and in PXE, calcified tissues remind features of premature aging syndromes; it can be hypothesized that mitochondria represent a common link contributing to the development of ectopic calcification in aging and in diseases. Therefore, ameliorating mitochondrial functions and cell metabolism could open new strategies to positively regulate a number of signaling pathways associated to pathologic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Garcia-Fernandez
- Department of Human Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lara Estrella
- Department of Human Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pedro Valdivielso
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain.,Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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7
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Quaglino D, Boraldi F, Lofaro FD. The biology of vascular calcification. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:261-353. [PMID: 32475476 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by different mineral deposits (i.e., carbonate apatite, whitlockite and hydroxyapatite) accumulating in blood vessels and valves, represents a relevant pathological process for the aging population and a life-threatening complication in acquired and in genetic diseases. Similarly to bone remodeling, VC is an actively regulated process in which many cells and molecules play a pivotal role. This review aims at: (i) describing the role of resident and circulating cells, of the extracellular environment and of positive and negative factors in driving the mineralization process; (ii) detailing the types of VC (i.e., intimal, medial and cardiac valve calcification); (iii) analyzing rare genetic diseases underlining the importance of altered pyrophosphate-dependent regulatory mechanisms; (iv) providing therapeutic options and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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8
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Vindin H, Mithieux SM, Weiss AS. Elastin architecture. Matrix Biol 2019; 84:4-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Silva CR, Babo PS, Mithieux S, Domingues RM, Reis R, Gomes ME, Weiss A. Tuneable cellulose nanocrystal and tropoelastin-laden hyaluronic acid hydrogels. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:560-572. [PMID: 31284811 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219859830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana R Silva
- 1 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,2 ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Babo
- 1 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,2 ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Suzanne Mithieux
- 3 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,4 School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rui Ma Domingues
- 1 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,2 ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal.,5 The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Reis
- 1 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,2 ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal.,5 The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 1 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,2 ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal.,5 The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Anthony Weiss
- 3 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,4 School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,6 Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Godwin ARF, Singh M, Lockhart-Cairns MP, Alanazi YF, Cain SA, Baldock C. The role of fibrillin and microfibril binding proteins in elastin and elastic fibre assembly. Matrix Biol 2019; 84:17-30. [PMID: 31226403 PMCID: PMC6943813 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillin is a large evolutionarily ancient extracellular glycoprotein that assembles to form beaded microfibrils which are essential components of most extracellular matrices. Fibrillin microfibrils have specific biomechanical properties to endow animal tissues with limited elasticity, a fundamental feature of the durable function of large blood vessels, skin and lungs. They also form a template for elastin deposition and provide a platform for microfibril-elastin binding proteins to interact in elastic fibre assembly. In addition to their structural role, fibrillin microfibrils mediate cell signalling via integrin and syndecan receptors, and microfibrils sequester transforming growth factor (TGF)β family growth factors within the matrix to provide a tissue store which is critical for homeostasis and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R F Godwin
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mukti Singh
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael P Lockhart-Cairns
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yasmene F Alanazi
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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11
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Duque Lasio ML, Kozel BA. Elastin-driven genetic diseases. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:144-160. [PMID: 29501665 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elastic fibers provide recoil to tissues that undergo repeated deformation, such as blood vessels, lungs and skin. Composed of elastin and its accessory proteins, the fibers are produced within a restricted developmental window and are stable for decades. Their eventual breakdown is associated with a loss of tissue resiliency and aging. Rare alteration of the elastin (ELN) gene produces disease by impacting protein dosage (supravalvar aortic stenosis, Williams Beuren syndrome and Williams Beuren region duplication syndrome) and protein function (autosomal dominant cutis laxa). This review highlights aspects of the elastin molecule and its assembly process that contribute to human disease and also discusses potential therapies aimed at treating diseases of elastin insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth A Kozel
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Boraldi F, Moscarelli P, Bochicchio B, Pepe A, Salvi AM, Quaglino D. Heparan sulfates facilitate harmless amyloidogenic fibril formation interacting with elastin-like peptides. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3115. [PMID: 29449596 PMCID: PMC5814424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfates (HSs) modulate tissue elasticity in physiopathological conditions by interacting with various matrix constituents as tropoelastin and elastin-derived peptides. HSs bind also to protein moieties accelerating amyloid formation and influencing cytotoxic properties of insoluble fibrils. Interestingly, amyloidogenic polypeptides, despite their supposed pathogenic role, have been recently explored as promising bio-nanomaterials due to their unique and interesting properties. Therefore, we investigated the interactions of HSs, obtained from different sources and exhibiting various degree of sulfation, with synthetic amyloidogenic elastin-like peptides (ELPs), also looking at the effects of these interactions on cell viability and cell behavior using in vitro cultured fibroblasts, as a prototype of mesenchymal cells known to modulate the soft connective tissue environment. Results demonstrate, for the first time, that HSs, with differences depending on their sulfation pattern and chain length, interact with ELPs accelerating aggregation kinetics and amyloid-like fibril formation as well as self-association. Furthermore, these fibrils do not negatively affect fibroblasts’ cell growth and parameters of redox balance, and influence cellular adhesion properties. Data provide information for a better understanding of the interactions altering the elastic component in aging and in pathologic conditions and may pave the way for the development of composite matrix-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pasquale Moscarelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Pepe
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Anna M Salvi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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13
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Yeo G, Baldock C, Wise SG, Weiss AS. Targeted Modulation of Tropoelastin Structure and Assembly. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2832-2844. [PMID: 29152561 PMCID: PMC5686564 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tropoelastin, as the monomer unit of elastin, assembles into elastic fibers that impart strength and resilience to elastic tissues. Tropoelastin is also widely used to manufacture versatile materials with specific mechanical and biological properties. The assembly of tropoelastin into elastic fibers or biomaterials is crucially influenced by key submolecular regions and specific residues within these domains. In this work, we identify the functional contributions of two rarely occurring negatively charged residues, glutamate 345 in domain 19 and glutamate 414 in domain 21, in jointly maintaining the native conformation of the tropoelastin hinge, bridge and foot regions. Alanine substitution of E345 and/or E414 variably alters the positioning and interactive accessibility of these regions, as illustrated by nanostructural studies and detected by antibody and cell probes. These structural changes are associated with a lower propensity for monomer coacervation, cross-linking into morphologically and functionally atypical hydrogels, and markedly impaired and abnormal elastic fiber formation. Our work indicates the crucial significance of both E345 and E414 residues in modulating specific local structure and higher-order assembly of human tropoelastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle
C. Yeo
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and
Environmental Sciences, School of Physics, Sydney Medical School, and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome
Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine
and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G. Wise
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and
Environmental Sciences, School of Physics, Sydney Medical School, and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The
Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and
Environmental Sciences, School of Physics, Sydney Medical School, and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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14
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Lee P, Yeo GC, Weiss AS. A cell adhesive peptide from tropoelastin promotes sequential cell attachment and spreading via distinct receptors. FEBS J 2017; 284:2216-2230. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Lee
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Australia
- Bosch Institute University of Sydney Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Australia
| | - Giselle C. Yeo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Australia
- Applied and Plasma Physics School of Physics University of Sydney Australia
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Australia
- Bosch Institute University of Sydney Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Australia
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15
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Yuan Y, Koria P. Proliferative activity of elastin-like-peptides depends on charge and phase transition. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:697-706. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; University of South Florida; Tampa Florida 33620
| | - Piyush Koria
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; University of South Florida; Tampa Florida 33620
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16
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Leveraging growth factor induced macropinocytosis for targeted treatment of lung cancer. Med Oncol 2015; 32:259. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Smith MM, Melrose J. Proteoglycans in Normal and Healing Skin. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:152-173. [PMID: 25785238 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Proteoglycans have a distinct spatial localization in normal skin and are essential for the correct structural development, organization, hydration, and functional properties of this tissue. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is no longer considered to be just an inert supportive material but is a source of directive, spatial and temporal, contextual information to the cells via components such as the proteoglycans. There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of how these important molecules functionally interact with other matrix structures, cells and cellular mediators in normal skin and during wound healing. Recent Advances: New antibodies to glycosaminoglycan side chain components of skin proteoglycans have facilitated the elucidation of detailed localization patterns within skin. Other studies have revealed important proliferative activities of proteinase-generated fragments of proteoglycans and other ECM components (matricryptins). Knockout mice have further established the functional importance of skin proteoglycans in the assembly and homeostasis of the normal skin ECM. Critical Issues: Our comprehension of the molecular and structural complexity of skin as a complex, dynamic, constantly renewing, layered connective tissue is incomplete. The impact of changes in proteoglycans on skin pathology and the wound healing process is recognized as an important area of pathobiology and is an area of intense investigation. Future Directions: Advanced technology is allowing the development of new artificial skins. Recent knowledge on skin proteoglycans can be used to incorporate these molecules into useful adjunct therapies for wound healing and for maintenance of optimal tissue homeostasis in aging skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Mary Smith
- Raymond Purves Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute (University of Sydney), Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute (University of Sydney), Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Guérin-Moreau M, Leftheriotis G, Le Corre Y, Etienne M, Amode R, Hamel JF, Croué A, Le Saux O, Machet L, Martin L. High-frequency (20-50 MHz) ultrasonography of pseudoxanthoma elasticum skin lesions. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169:1233-9. [PMID: 23909384 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most patients pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) manifests with yellowish cutaneous papules and dermal elastorrhexis on skin biopsy. In a small number of cases there are no skin manifestations on clinical examination, and establishing a diagnosis of PXE in such patients is challenging. High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) may be of use in predicting skin areas that would yield a biopsy specimen positive for elastorrhexis. OBJECTIVES To describe characteristics of clinically visible PXE skin using HFUS, and to evaluate its relevance for diagnosis. METHODS HFUS was performed in a cohort of patients with PXE and in controls at a referral centre. HFUS images of PXE skin were compared with those of other conditions. Five operators blind-scored multiple HFUS images of photoprotected or photoexposed skin from patients with PXE and controls. The diagnostic indices (sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, interobserver agreement) were calculated. RESULTS The HFUS changes considered as diagnostic for PXE were primarily oval homogeneous hypoechogenic areas in the mid-dermis. The size of these areas closely matched the extent of the histological changes. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic items and interobserver agreement were high, particularly in photoprotected skin. Dermal hypoechogenicity in PXE could be related to high hydration of connective tissue due to the presence of glycosaminoglycans despite elastic fibre mineralization. CONCLUSIONS HFUS provides suggestive images of PXE skin lesions. HFUS should now be studied to determine whether it is a potentially valuable technique for the noninvasive identification of elastorrhexis in patients with PXE in whom skin involvement is clinically minimal or absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guérin-Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, Angers Hospital, University of Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers, France; PXE Consultation Centre, Angers Hospital, University of Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers, France
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19
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Zgheib C, Xu J, Liechty KW. Targeting Inflammatory Cytokines and Extracellular Matrix Composition to Promote Wound Regeneration. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:344-355. [PMID: 24757589 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Delayed wound healing is one of the most challenging complications of several diseases, including diabetes. There is a vast interest in finding efficient treatments that promote scarless wound healing. The ability of the fetus to regenerate skin wounds after injury has generated much interest in the fetus as a model of regeneration. In this review, we evaluate the role and differential regulation of inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and mechanical stress in determining wound phenotype after injury. Recent Advances: Comparisons between postnatal and fetal wounds have revealed many differences in the healing process. Fetal skin wound healing is characterized by a reduced inflammatory response, an ECM rich in type III collagen and high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA), and minimal mechanical stress. In contrast, adult wounds have a sustained inflammatory response, an ECM with increased type I collagen, and low-molecular-weight (LMW-HA) and are subject to significant mechanical load. Critical Issues: The differential regulation of these processes in the fetus compared with the adult plays a critical role in promoting regeneration in the fetus while resulting in scar formation in the adult. Future Directions: Understanding the significance of inflammation and biomechanical forces in wound healing may help in designing therapeutic strategies for the management of chronic nonhealing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Zgheib
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Junwang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, Florida
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20
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Adhikari N, Billaud M, Carlson M, Lake SP, Montaniel KRC, Staggs R, Guan W, Walek D, Desir S, Isakson BE, Barocas VH, Hall JL. Vascular biomechanical properties in mice with smooth muscle specific deletion of Ndst1. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 385:225-38. [PMID: 24101444 PMCID: PMC4853023 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans act as co-receptors for many chemokines and growth factors. The sulfation pattern of the heparan sulfate chains is a critical regulatory step affecting the binding of chemokines and growth factors. N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase1 (Ndst1) is one of the first enzymes to catalyze sulfation. Previously published work has shown that HSPGs alter tangent moduli and stiffness of tissues and cells. We hypothesized that loss of Ndst1 in smooth muscle would lead to significant changes in heparan sulfate modification and the elastic properties of arteries. In line with this hypothesis, the axial tangent modulus was significantly decreased in aorta from mice lacking Ndst1 in smooth muscle (SM22αcre(+)Ndst1(-/-), p < 0.05, n = 5). The decrease in axial tangent modulus was associated with a significant switch in myosin and actin types and isoforms expressed in aorta and isolated aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. In contrast, no changes were found in the compliance of smaller thoracodorsal arteries of SM22αcre(+)Ndst1(-/-) mice. In summary, the major findings of this study were that targeted ablation of Ndst1 in smooth muscle cells results in altered biomechanical properties of aorta and differential expression of myosin and actin types and isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Adhikari
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marie Billaud
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Marjorie Carlson
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Spencer P. Lake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Kim Ramil C. Montaniel
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Rod Staggs
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Dinesha Walek
- Biomedical Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Snider Desir
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Victor H. Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, MN 55455
| | - Jennifer L. Hall
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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21
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Abstract
The lung parenchyma comprises a large number of thin-walled alveoli, forming an enormous surface area, which serves to maintain proper gas exchange. The alveoli are held open by the transpulmonary pressure, or prestress, which is balanced by tissues forces and alveolar surface film forces. Gas exchange efficiency is thus inextricably linked to three fundamental features of the lung: parenchymal architecture, prestress, and the mechanical properties of the parenchyma. The prestress is a key determinant of lung deformability that influences many phenomena including local ventilation, regional blood flow, tissue stiffness, smooth muscle contractility, and alveolar stability. The main pathway for stress transmission is through the extracellular matrix. Thus, the mechanical properties of the matrix play a key role both in lung function and biology. These mechanical properties in turn are determined by the constituents of the tissue, including elastin, collagen, and proteoglycans. In addition, the macroscopic mechanical properties are also influenced by the surface tension and, to some extent, the contractile state of the adherent cells. This chapter focuses on the biomechanical properties of the main constituents of the parenchyma in the presence of prestress and how these properties define normal function or change in disease. An integrated view of lung mechanics is presented and the utility of parenchymal mechanics at the bedside as well as its possible future role in lung physiology and medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Elastic fibres are insoluble components of the extracellular matrix of dynamic connective tissues such as skin, arteries, lungs and ligaments. They are laid down during development, and comprise a cross-linked elastin core within a template of fibrillin-based microfibrils. Their function is to endow tissues with the property of elastic recoil, and they also regulate the bioavailability of transforming growth factor β. Severe heritable elastic fibre diseases are caused by mutations in elastic fibre components; for example, mutations in elastin cause supravalvular aortic stenosis and autosomal dominant cutis laxa, mutations in fibrillin-1 cause Marfan syndrome and Weill–Marchesani syndrome, and mutations in fibulins-4 and -5 cause autosomal recessive cutis laxa. Acquired elastic fibre defects include dermal elastosis, whereas inflammatory damage to fibres contributes to pathologies such as pulmonary emphysema and vascular disease. This review outlines the latest understanding of the composition and assembly of elastic fibres, and describes elastic fibre diseases and current therapeutic approaches.
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23
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Tropoelastin--a multifaceted naturally smart material. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:421-8. [PMID: 22784558 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tropoelastin dominates the physical performance of human elastic tissue as it is assembled to make elastin. Tropoelastin is increasingly appreciated as a protein monomer with a defined solution shape comprising modular, bridged regions that specialize in elasticity and cell attachment, which collectively participate in macromolecular assembly. This modular, multifaceted molecule is being exploited to enhance the physical performance and biological presentation of engineered constructs to augment and repair human tissues. These tissues include skin and vasculature, and emphasize how growing knowledge of tropoelastin can be powerfully adapted to add value to pre-existing devices like stents and novel, multi-featured biological implants.
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24
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Ronchetti I, Boraldi F, Annovi G, Cianciulli P, Quaglino D. Fibroblast involvement in soft connective tissue calcification. Front Genet 2013; 4:22. [PMID: 23467434 PMCID: PMC3588566 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft connective tissue calcification is not a passive process, but the consequence of metabolic changes of local mesenchymal cells that, depending on both genetic and environmental factors, alter the balance between pro- and anti-calcifying pathways. While the role of smooth muscle cells and pericytes in ectopic calcifications has been widely investigated, the involvement of fibroblasts is still elusive. Fibroblasts isolated from the dermis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) patients and of patients exhibiting PXE-like clinical and histopathological findings offer an attractive model to investigate the mechanisms leading to the precipitation of mineral deposits within elastic fibers and to explore the influence of the genetic background and of the extracellular environment on fibroblast-associated calcifications, thus improving the knowledge on the role of mesenchymal cells on pathologic mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Boraldi
- PXELab, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Giulia Annovi
- PXELab, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Quaglino
- PXELab, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
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25
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Muiznieks LD, Keeley FW. Molecular assembly and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix: A fibrous protein perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:866-75. [PMID: 23220448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is an integral and dynamic component of all tissues. Macromolecular compositions and structural architectures of the matrix are tissue-specific and typically are strongly influenced by the magnitude and direction of biomechanical forces experienced as part of normal tissue function. Fibrous extracellular networks of collagen and elastin provide the dominant response to tissue mechanical forces. These matrix proteins enable tissues to withstand high tensile and repetitive stresses without plastic deformation or rupture. Here we provide an overview of the hierarchical molecular and supramolecular assembly of collagens and elastic fibers, and review their capacity for mechanical behavior in response to force. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fibrosis: Translation of basic research to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Muiznieks
- Molecular Structure and Function Program, The Hospital For Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Canada
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26
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Annovi G, Boraldi F, Moscarelli P, Guerra D, Tiozzo R, Parma B, Sommer P, Quaglino D. Heparan Sulfate Affects Elastin Deposition in Fibroblasts Cultured from Donors of Different Ages. Rejuvenation Res 2012; 15:22-31. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Annovi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Deanna Guerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Tiozzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Pascal Sommer
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS– Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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27
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Nε-(Carboxymethyl)lysine Modification of Elastin Alters Its Biological Properties: Implications for the Accumulation of Abnormal Elastic Fibers in Actinic Elastosis. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:315-23. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Yeo GC, Keeley FW, Weiss AS. Coacervation of tropoelastin. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 167:94-103. [PMID: 21081222 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coacervation of tropoelastin represents the first major stage of elastic fiber assembly. The process has been modeled in vitro by numerous studies, initially with mixtures of solubilized elastin, and subsequently with synthetic elastin peptides that represent hydrophobic repeat units, isolated hydrophobic domains, segments of alternating hydrophobic and cross-linking domains, or the full-length monomer. Tropoelastin coacervation in vitro is characterized by two stages: an initial phase separation, which involves a reversible inverse temperature transition of monomer to n-mer; and maturation, which is defined by the irreversible coalescence of coacervates into large species with fibrillar structures. Coacervation is an intrinsic ability of tropoelastin. It is primarily influenced by the number, sequence, and contextual arrangement of hydrophobic domains, although hydrophilic sequences can also affect the behavior of the hydrophobic domains and thus affect coacervation. External conditions including ionic strength, pH, and temperature also directly influence the propensity of tropoelastin to self-associate. Coacervation is an endothermic, entropically-driven process driven by the cooperative interactions of hydrophobic domains following destabilization of the clathrate-like water shielding these regions. The formation of such assemblies is believed to follow a helical nucleation model of polymerization. Coacervation is closely associated with conformational transitions of the monomer, such as increased β-structures in hydrophobic domains and α-helices in cross-linking domains. Tropoelastin coacervation in vivo is thought to mainly involve the central hydrophobic domains. In addition, cell-surface glycosaminoglycans and microfibrillar proteins may regulate the process. Coacervation is essential for progression to downstream elastogenic stages, and impairment of the process can result in elastin haploinsufficiency disorders such as supravalvular aortic stenosis.
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29
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Hayes AJ, Lord MS, Smith SM, Smith MM, Whitelock JM, Weiss AS, Melrose J. Colocalization in vivo and association in vitro of perlecan and elastin. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 136:437-54. [PMID: 21874555 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have colocalized elastin and fibrillin-1 with perlecan in extracellular matrix of tensional and weight-bearing connective tissues. Elastin and fibrillin-1 were identified as prominent components of paraspinal blood vessels, and posterior longitudinal ligament in the human fetal spine and outer annulus fibrosus of the fetal intervertebral disc. We also colocalized perlecan with a synovial elastic basal lamina, where the attached synovial cells were observed to produce perlecan. Elastin, fibrillin-1 and perlecan were co-localized in the intima and media of small blood vessels in the synovium and in human fetal paraspinal blood vessels. Elastic fibers were observed at the insertion point of the anterior cruciate ligament to bone in the ovine stifle joint where they colocalized with perlecan. Elastin has not previously been reported to be spatially associated with perlecan in these tissues. Interactions between the tropoelastin and perlecan heparan sulfate chains were demonstrated using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation solid phase binding studies. Electrostatic interactions through the heparan sulfate chains of perlecan and core protein mediated the interactions with tropoelastin, and were both important in the coacervation of tropoelastin and deposition of elastin onto perlecan immobilized on the chip surface. This may help us to understand the interactions which are expected to occur in vivo between the tropoelastin and perlecan to facilitate the deposition of elastin and formation of elastic microfibrils in situ and would be consistent with the observed distributions of these components in a number of connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hayes
- BioImaging Unit, Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
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30
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Muiznieks LD, Weiss AS, Keeley FW. Structural disorder and dynamics of elastin. Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 88:239-50. [PMID: 20453927 DOI: 10.1139/o09-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin is a self-assembling, extracellular-matrix protein that is the major provider of tissue elasticity. Here we review structural studies of elastin from over four decades, and draw together evidence for solution flexibility and conformational disorder that is inherent in all levels of structural organization. The characterization of disorder is consistent with an entropy-driven mechanism of elastic recoil. We conclude that conformational disorder is a constitutive feature of elastin structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Muiznieks
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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31
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Tu Y, Weiss AS. Transient tropoelastin nanoparticles are early-stage intermediates in the coacervation of human tropoelastin whose aggregation is facilitated by heparan sulfate and heparin decasaccharides. Matrix Biol 2009; 29:152-9. [PMID: 19895887 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tropoelastin assembly is a key step in the formation of elastin. We consider how nanoscale intracellular assemblies of tropoelastin can congregate in an extracellular environment to give microscale aggregates. We describe novel 200-300 nm spherical particles that serve as intermediates in the formation of the coacervate. Their aggregation gives 800 nm to 1 microm species. This process is facilitated by heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate interactions which effectively lower the critical concentration to facilitate this transition. This coacervation process was examined using a panel of heparin chains of various lengths and showed greatest efficacy for the decasaccharide, followed by the octasaccharide, while the hexasaccharide displayed the shortest efficacious length. We propose that these oligosaccharide interactions enable the charge-mediated aggregation of positively charged tropoelastin. This biochemistry models glycosaminoglycan interactions on the cell surface during elastogenesis which is characterized by the clustering of nascent tropoelastin aggregates to form micron-sized spherules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Tu
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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32
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Choudhury R, McGovern A, Ridley C, Cain SA, Baldwin A, Wang MC, Guo C, Mironov A, Drymoussi Z, Trump D, Shuttleworth A, Baldock C, Kielty CM. Differential regulation of elastic fiber formation by fibulin-4 and -5. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24553-67. [PMID: 19570982 PMCID: PMC2782046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.019364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-4 and -5 are extracellular glycoproteins with essential non-compensatory roles in elastic fiber assembly. We have determined how they interact with tropoelastin, lysyl oxidase, and fibrillin-1, thereby revealing how they differentially regulate assembly. Strong binding between fibulin-4 and lysyl oxidase enhanced the interaction of fibulin-4 with tropoelastin, forming ternary complexes that may direct elastin cross-linking. In contrast, fibulin-5 did not bind lysyl oxidase strongly but bound tropoelastin in terminal and central regions and could concurrently bind fibulin-4. Both fibulins differentially bound N-terminal fibrillin-1, which strongly inhibited their binding to lysyl oxidase and tropoelastin. Knockdown experiments revealed that fibulin-5 controlled elastin deposition on microfibrils, although fibulin-4 can also bind fibrillin-1. These experiments provide a molecular account of the distinct roles of fibulin-4 and -5 in elastic fiber assembly and how they act in concert to chaperone cross-linked elastin onto microfibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawshan Choudhury
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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33
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Bochicchio B, Pepe A, Tamburro AM. Investigating by CD the molecular mechanism of elasticity of elastomeric proteins. Chirality 2008; 20:985-94. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Tu Y, Weiss AS. Glycosaminoglycan-Mediated Coacervation of Tropoelastin Abolishes the Critical Concentration, Accelerates Coacervate Formation, and Facilitates Spherule Fusion: Implications for Tropoelastin Microassembly. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1739-44. [DOI: 10.1021/bm7013153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Tu
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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35
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Pepe A, Bochicchio B, Tamburro AM. Supramolecular organization of elastin and elastin-related nanostructured biopolymers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2007; 2:203-18. [PMID: 17716121 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.2.2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultrastructure of elastin has been extensively analyzed by different methodologies. Starting from the first descriptions, where elastin was depicted as an amorphous structure, more complex and, in some cases, varied morphologies were revealed. The supramolecular structures found for elastin have been compared with those found for other elastin-related polypeptides, such as alpha-elastin and tropoelastin, and very similar features emerged. This review will deal with the supramolecular organization exhibited by many elastin-related compounds, starting from elastin, going through polypeptides constituted by different domains of tropoelastin, up to polymers containing repetitive sequences of elastin. In particular, recent developments on biopolymers of general type poly(Val-Pro-Gly-Xaa-Gly) and poly(Xaa-Gly-Gly-Zaa-Gly) (Xaa, Zaa = Val, Leu, Lys, Glu, Orn) obtained either by chemical synthesis or recombinant DNA techniques will be discussed in detail. The general aim is to describe the supramolecular features useful for the identification of elastin-inspired nanostructured biopolymers for developing highly functional and biocompatible vascular grafts as well as scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Pepe
- Università della Basilicata, Department of Chemistry, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Kielty CM, Stephan S, Sherratt MJ, Williamson M, Shuttleworth CA. Applying elastic fibre biology in vascular tissue engineering. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007; 362:1293-312. [PMID: 17588872 PMCID: PMC2440413 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the treatment of vascular disease, the major cause of death in Western society, there is an urgent need for tissue-engineered, biocompatible, small calibre artery substitutes that restore biological function. Vascular tissue engineering of such grafts involves the development of compliant synthetic or biomaterial scaffolds that incorporate vascular cells and extracellular matrix. Elastic fibres are major structural elements of arterial walls that can enhance vascular graft design and patency. In blood vessels, they endow vessels with the critical property of elastic recoil. They also influence vascular cell behaviour through direct interactions and by regulating growth factor activation. This review addresses physiological elastic fibre assembly and contributions to vessel structure and function, and how elastic fibre biology is now being exploited in small diameter vascular graft design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cay M Kielty
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Abstract
We investigated the flexibility of full-length tropoelastin in solution by using far- and near-ultraviolet circular dichroism (UV CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy to probe for structural flexibility and residue mobility within secondary and tertiary features of the monomer. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the presence of exposed hydrophobicity through the binding of the hydrophobic probe 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonate (bis-ANS), which demonstrates that hydrophobic regions form clusters and are not confined to a molecular core. Near-UV CD indicated substantial mobility of aromatic residues. Structural prediction programs (PONDR, DisEMBL, and Globplot version 2.0) estimated 75 +/- 2% disorder in the tertiary structure of tropoelastin on the basis of primary sequence information. A single-site substitution of Trp for Gln (Q513W) at the tropoelastin domain 25-26 interface facilitated fluorescence spectroscopy for revealing that this region is exposed to solvent. Polarization anisotropy demonstrated substantial flexibility of W513 and little change upon denaturation of the monomer with guanidine hydrochloride. Comparable movement was found for native sequence aromatic residues in the presence of glycosaminoglycans and trifluoroethanol. These data prove the intrinsic flexibility of specific residues and adjacent sequences in any native conformation(s) they may take. This study is the first characterization of the level of mobility in defined regions of the full-length tropoelastin monomer and provides direct evidence for regions of flexible structure in tropoelastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Muiznieks
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia 2006
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McLaughlin PJ, Chen Q, Horiguchi M, Starcher BC, Stanton JB, Broekelmann TJ, Marmorstein AD, McKay B, Mecham R, Nakamura T, Marmorstein LY. Targeted disruption of fibulin-4 abolishes elastogenesis and causes perinatal lethality in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:1700-9. [PMID: 16478991 PMCID: PMC1430262 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.5.1700-1709.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastic fibers provide tissues with elasticity which is critical to the function of arteries, lungs, skin, and other dynamic organs. Loss of elasticity is a major contributing factor in aging and diseases. However, the mechanism of elastic fiber development and assembly is poorly understood. Here, we show that lack of fibulin-4, an extracellular matrix molecule, abolishes elastogenesis. fibulin-4-/- mice generated by gene targeting exhibited severe lung and vascular defects including emphysema, artery tortuosity, irregularity, aneurysm, rupture, and resulting hemorrhages. All the homozygous mice died perinatally. The earliest abnormality noted was a uniformly narrowing of the descending aorta in fibulin-4-/- embryos at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5). Aorta tortuosity and irregularity became noticeable at E15.5. Histological analysis demonstrated that fibulin-4-/- mice do not develop intact elastic fibers but contain irregular elastin aggregates. Electron microscopy revealed that the elastin aggregates are highly unusual in that they contain evenly distributed rod-like filaments, in contrast to the amorphous appearance of normal elastic fibers. Desmosine analysis indicated that elastin cross-links in fibulin-4-/- tissues were largely diminished. However, expression of tropoelastin or lysyl oxidase mRNA was unaffected in fibulin-4-/- mice. In addition, fibulin-4 strongly interacts with tropoelastin and colocalizes with elastic fibers in culture. These results demonstrate that fibulin-4 plays an irreplaceable role in elastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious J McLaughlin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA
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Pasquali-Ronchetti I, Garcia-Fernandez MI, Boraldi F, Quaglino D, Gheduzzi D, De Vincenzi Paolinelli C, Tiozzo R, Bergamini S, Ceccarelli D, Muscatello U. Oxidative stress in fibroblasts from patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum: possible role in the pathogenesis of clinical manifestations. J Pathol 2006; 208:54-61. [PMID: 16261549 DOI: 10.1002/path.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease characterized by calcification and fragmentation of elastic fibres of the skin, cardiovascular system and eye, caused by mutations of the ABCC6 gene, which encodes the membrane transporter MRP6. The pathogenesis of the lesions is unknown. Based on studies of similar clinical and histopathological damage present in haemolytic disorders, our working hypothesis is that PXE lesions may result from chronic oxidative stress occurring in PXE cells as a consequence of MRP6 deficiency. Our results show that PXE fibroblasts suffer from mild chronic oxidative stress due to the imbalance between production and degradation of oxidant species. The findings also show that this imbalance results, at least in part, from the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) with overproduction of H2O2. Whether mitochondrial dysfunction is the main factor responsible for the oxidative stress in PXE cells remains to be elucidated. However, mild chronic generalized oxidative stress could explain the great majority of structural and biochemical alterations already reported in PXE.
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Broekelmann TJ, Kozel BA, Ishibashi H, Werneck CC, Keeley FW, Zhang L, Mecham RP. Tropoelastin Interacts with Cell-surface Glycosaminoglycans via Its COOH-terminal Domain. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:40939-47. [PMID: 16192266 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507309200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a biochemical and cell biological approach, we have identified a cell interaction site at the carboxyl terminus of tropoelastin. Cell interactions with the COOH-terminal sequence are not through the elastin-binding protein (EBP67) because neither VGVAPG-like peptides nor galactoside sugars altered adhesion. Our results also show that cell adhesion to tropoelastin is not promoted by integrins. Through the use of mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines defective in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, as well as competition studies and enzymatic removal of specific cell-surface glycosaminoglycans, the tropoelastin-binding moieties on the cell surface were identified as heparan and chondroitin sulfate-containing glycosaminoglycans, with heparan sulfate being greatly preferred. Heparin affinity chromatography combined with cell adhesion assays identified the last 17 amino acids as the sequence element at the carboxyl terminus of tropoelastin responsible for the adhesive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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