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Gui J, Azad MAK, Lin W, Meng C, Hu X, Cui Y, Lan W, He J, Kong X. Chinese herb ultrafine powder supplementation improves egg nutritional value and quality in laying hens. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-17. [PMID: 38557401 PMCID: PMC10986442 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2331530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of dietary Chinese herb ultrafine powder (CHUP) supplementation in late-phase laying hens on the quality and nutritional values of eggs. A total of 576 Xinyang black-feather laying hens (300-day-old) were randomly allocated into eight groups for a 120-day feeding trial. Each group contained eight replicates with nine hens per replicate. The experimental groups included the control (basal diet) and different levels of CHUP groups (details in 'Materials and methods'). The results showed that the eggshell strength was increased (p < 0.05) in the L, LF, L-LF, L-T, and LF-T groups on day 60 of the trial. In addition, the plasma estradiol level in the L-LF, LF-T, and L-LF-T groups and unsaturated fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk of the CHUP groups (except LF-T group) were increased, whereas total cholesterol (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) in egg yolk and the atherogenicity (T, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) and thrombogenicity (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) indexes were decreased (p < 0.05) on day 60 of the trial compared with the control group. Moreover, bitter amino acids in egg albumen were decreased (p < 0.05) in the L-LF group on day 60 and the L-LF-T group on day 120 of the trial. Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary CHUP supplementation could improve eggshell quality and increase plasma reproductive hormone, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and nutritional values of eggs, especially L-LF and L-LF-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Gui
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengwen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Yadong Cui
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
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Cotellessa L, Giacobini P. Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in the Central Regulation of Fertility. Semin Reprod Med 2024. [PMID: 38608673 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the expanding roles of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in various aspects of reproductive health have attracted significant attention. Initially recognized for its classical role in male sexual differentiation, AMH is produced postnatally by the Sertoli cells in the male testes and by the granulosa cells in the female ovaries. Traditionally, it was believed to primarily influence gonadal development and function. However, research over the last decade has unveiled novel actions of AMH beyond the gonads, specifically all along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review will focus on the emerging roles of AMH within the hypothalamus and discusses its potential implications in reproductive physiology. Additionally, recent preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that elevated levels of AMH may disrupt the hypothalamic network regulating reproduction, which could contribute to the central pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between AMH and the neuroendocrine system, offering new avenues for understanding the mechanisms underlying fertility and reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Cotellessa
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Unit 1172, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Unit 1172, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), University of Lille, Lille, France
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3
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Xuan F, Ren Y, Lu J, Zhou W, Jin R, Chen A, Ye Y. CPEB1 induces autophagy and promotes apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Reprod Dev 2024; 91:e23741. [PMID: 38616716 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory damage in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) is a key mechanism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein-1 (CPEB1) is important in inflammatory regulation, however, its role in PCOS is unclear. We aim to research the mechanism of CPEB1 in ovarian GCs in PCOS using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS rat models and testosterone-incubated GC models. The pathophysiology in PCOS rats was analyzed. Quantitative-realtime-PCR, TUNEL, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were applied for quantification. Additionally, cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and Monodansylcadaverine staining were performed. We found that PCOS rat models exhibited a disrupted estrus cycle, elevated serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), increased LH/FSH ratio, and heightened ovarian index. Furthermore, reduced corpus luteum and increased follicular cysts were observed in ovarian tissue. In ovarian tissue, autophagy and apoptosis were activated and CPEB1 was overexpressed. In vitro, CPEB1 overexpression inhibited cell viability and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), activated tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels, as well as apoptosis and autophagy; however, CPEB1 knockdown had the opposite effect. In conclusion, overexpression of CPEB1 activated autophagy and apoptosis of ovarian GCs in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilan Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuefang Ren
- Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weimei Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiaojiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiying Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Jiaojiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aixue Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Changxing People's Hospital of Chongming District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongju Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Carrageta DF, Pereira SC, Ferreira R, Monteiro MP, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Signatures of metabolic diseases on spermatogenesis and testicular metabolism. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00866-y. [PMID: 38528255 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Diets leading to caloric overload are linked to metabolic disorders and reproductive function impairment. Metabolic and hormonal abnormalities stand out as defining features of metabolic disorders, and substantially affect the functionality of the testis. Metabolic disorders induce testicular metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. The disruption of gastrointestinal, pancreatic, adipose tissue and testicular hormonal regulation induced by metabolic disorders can also contribute to a state of compromised fertility. In this Review, we will delve into the effects of high-fat diets and metabolic disorders on testicular metabolism and spermatogenesis, which are crucial elements for male reproductive function. Moreover, metabolic disorders have been shown to influence the epigenome of male gametes and might have a potential role in transmitting phenotype traits across generations. However, the existing evidence strongly underscores the unmet need to understand the mechanisms responsible for transgenerational paternal inheritance of male reproductive function impairment related to metabolic disorders. This knowledge could be useful for developing targeted interventions to prevent, counteract, and most of all break the perpetuation chain of male reproductive dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Carrageta
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Pereira
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago Agra do Crasto, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Chen J, Chen X, Guo W, Tang W, Zhang Y, Tian X, Zou Y. Comparison of the gene expression profile of testicular tissue before and after sexual maturity in Qianbei Ma goats. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:92. [PMID: 38459496 PMCID: PMC10921700 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With long-term research on the reproductive ability of Qianbei Ma goat, we found that the puberty of the male goats comes at the age of 3 months and reaches sexual maturity at 4 months,the male goats are identified as physically mature at 9 months and able to mate. Compared with other kinds of breeds of goats, Qianbei Ma goat is featured with more faster growth and earlier sexual maturity.Therefore, in order to explore the laws of growth of Qianbei Ma goat before sexual maturity(3-month-old)and after sexual maturity (9-month-old). The testicular tissue was collected to explore their changes in morphology through HE staining, the serum was collected to detect the hormone content, and the mRNA expression profile of the testis was analyzed by transcriptomics. In this way, the effect of testicular development on the reproduction of Qianbei ma goats was further analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that the area and diameter of spermatogenic tubules were larger at 9 months than 3 months, and the number of spermatocytes, interstitial cells, spermatogonia and secondary spermatocytes in the lumen of the tubules showed a similar trend. The appearance of spermatozoa at age 3 months indicated that puberty had begun in Qianbei Ma goats. The Elasa test for testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone showed that the levels of these hormones in the serum at age 9 months were all highly significantly different than those at age 3 months (P < 0.01). There were 490 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the (|log2(fold change)| > 1 and p value < 0.05) 3-month-old and 9-month-old groups, of which 233 genes were upregulated and 257 genes were downregulated (3 months of age was used as the control group and 9 months of age was used as the experimental group). According to the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of DEGs, PRSS58, ECM1, WFDC8 and LHCGR are involved in testicular development and androgen secretion, which contribute to the sexual maturation of Qianbei Ma goats. CONCLUSIONS Potential biomarker genes and relevant pathways involved in the regulation of testicular development and spermatogenesis in Qianbei Ma goats were identified, providing a theoretical basis and data support for later studies on the influence of testicular development and spermatogenesis before and after sexual maturity in Qianbei Ma goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xingzhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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He Y, Chen S, Guo X, He X, Di R, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang X, Chu M. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs Associated with Fecundity in the Sheep Hypothalamus with Different FecB Genotypes. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:198. [PMID: 38254366 PMCID: PMC10812736 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a specific type of noncoding RNA, and some have defined roles in cellular and biological processes. However, little is known about the role of circRNAs in follicular development in sheep with FecB (fecundity Booroola) mutations. Here, the expression profiles of circRNAs were investigated using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in the follicular phase (F) and the luteal phase (L) of FecB mutant homozygous (BB) and wild-type (WW) Small Tail Han sheep. A total of 38,979 circRNAs were identified, and 314, 343, 336, and 296 of them were differentially expressed (DE) between BB_F and BB_L, WW_F and WW_L, BB_F and WW_F, and BB_L and WW_L, respectively. The length, type, and chromosome distribution of the circRNAs and the expression characteristic between the circRNAs and their host genes in the sheep hypothalamus were ascertained. Enrichment analysis showed that the host genes of DE circRNAs in the follicular and luteal phases were annotated to MAPK, gap junctions, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, oocyte meiosis, and other hormone-related signaling pathways, and the different FecB genotypes were annotated to the gap junctions, circadian entrainment, MAPK, and other hormone-related signaling pathways. The competing endogenous RNA network prediction revealed that the 129 target miRNAs might be bound to 336 DE circRNAs. oar_circ_0000523 and oar_circ_0028984, which were specifically expressed during the follicular phase in the BB genotype sheep, probably acted as miRNA sponges involved in the regulation of LH synthesis and secretion. This study reveals the expression profiles and characterization of circRNAs at two phases of follicular development considering different FecB genotypes, thereby providing an improved understanding of the roles of circRNAs in the sheep hypothalamus and their involvement in follicular development and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (X.G.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (X.G.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (X.G.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Jilin Province Feed Processing and Ruminant Precision Breeding Cross Regional Cooperation Technology Innovation Center, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (X.G.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Ran Di
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (X.G.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China; (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (X.G.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
| | - Mingxing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (X.G.); (X.H.); (R.D.)
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Van Loh BM, Yaw AM, Breuer JA, Jackson B, Nguyen D, Jang K, Ramos F, Ho EV, Cui LJ, Gillette DLM, Sempere LF, Gorman MR, Tonsfeldt KJ, Mellon PL, Hoffmann HM. The transcription factor VAX1 in VIP neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus impacts circadian rhythm generation, depressive-like behavior, and the reproductive axis in a sex-specific manner in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1269672. [PMID: 38205198 PMCID: PMC10777845 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) within the hypothalamus is a key brain structure required to relay light information to the body and synchronize cell and tissue level rhythms and hormone release. Specific subpopulations of SCN neurons, defined by their peptide expression, regulate defined SCN output. Here we focus on the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expressing neurons of the SCN. SCN VIP neurons are known to regulate circadian rhythms and reproductive function. Methods To specifically study SCN VIP neurons, we generated a novel knock out mouse line by conditionally deleting the SCN enriched transcription factor, Ventral Anterior Homeobox 1 (Vax1), in VIP neurons (Vax1Vip; Vax1fl/fl:VipCre). Results We found that Vax1Vip females presented with lengthened estrous cycles, reduced circulating estrogen, and increased depressive-like behavior. Further, Vax1Vip males and females presented with a shortened circadian period in locomotor activity and ex vivo SCN circadian period. On a molecular level, the shortening of the SCN period was driven, at least partially, by a direct regulatory role of VAX1 on the circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. Interestingly, Vax1Vip females presented with increased expression of arginine vasopressin (Avp) in the paraventricular nucleus, which resulted in increased circulating corticosterone. SCN VIP and AVP neurons regulate the reproductive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin neurons. To determine how the reproductive neuroendocrine network was impacted in Vax1Vip mice, we assessed GnRH sensitivity to a kisspeptin challenge in vivo. We found that GnRH neurons in Vax1Vip females, but not males, had an increased sensitivity to kisspeptin, leading to increased luteinizing hormone release. Interestingly, Vax1Vip males showed a small, but significant increase in total sperm and a modest delay in pubertal onset. Both male and female Vax1Vip mice were fertile and generated litters comparable in size and frequency to controls. Conclusion Together, these data identify VAX1 in SCN VIP neurons as a neurological overlap between circadian timekeeping, female reproduction, and depressive-like symptoms in mice, and provide novel insight into the role of SCN VIP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M. Van Loh
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Yaw
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Joseph A. Breuer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brooke Jackson
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Duong Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Krystal Jang
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Fabiola Ramos
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Emily V. Ho
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laura J. Cui
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dominique L. M. Gillette
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Michael R. Gorman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karen J. Tonsfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pamela L. Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hanne M. Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Silva MSB, Decoster L, Delpouve G, Lhomme T, Ternier G, Prevot V, Giacobini P. Overactivation of GnRH neurons is sufficient to trigger polycystic ovary syndrome-like traits in female mice. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104850. [PMID: 37898094 PMCID: PMC10630624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder leading to anovulatory infertility. Abnormalities in the central neuroendocrine system governed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons might be related to ovarian dysfunction in PCOS, although the link in this disordered brain-to-ovary communication remains unclear. Here, we manipulated GnRH neurons using chemogenetics in adult female mice to unveil whether chronic overaction of these neurons would trigger PCOS-like hormonal and reproductive impairments. METHODS We used adult Gnrh1cre female mice to selectively target and express the designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD)-based chemogenetic tool hM3D(Gq) in hypophysiotropic GnRH neurons. Chronic chemogenetic activation protocol was carried out with clozapine N-oxide (CNO) i.p. injections every 48 h over a month. We evaluated the reproductive and hormonal profile before, during, and two months after chemogenetic manipulations. FINDINGS We discovered that the overactivation of GnRH neurons was sufficient to disrupt reproductive cycles, promote hyperandrogenism, and induce ovarian dysfunction. These PCOS features were detected with a long-lasting neuroendocrine dysfunction through abnormally high luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse secretion. Additionally, the GnRH-R blockade prevented the establishment of long-term neuroendocrine dysfunction and androgen excess in these animals. INTERPRETATION Taken together, our results show that hyperactivity of hypothalamic GnRH neurons is a major driver of reproductive and hormonal impairments in PCOS and suggest that antagonizing the aberrant GnRH signaling could be an efficient therapeutic venue for the treatment of PCOS. FUNDING European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement n◦ 725149).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro S B Silva
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Laurine Decoster
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Gaspard Delpouve
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Tori Lhomme
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Gaetan Ternier
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, Lille, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France.
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9
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Grant AD, Kriegsfeld LJ. Neural substrates underlying rhythmic coupling of female reproductive and thermoregulatory circuits. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1254287. [PMID: 37753455 PMCID: PMC10518419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1254287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated fluctuations in female reproductive physiology and thermoregulatory output have been reported for over a century. These changes occur rhythmically at the hourly (ultradian), daily (circadian), and multi-day (ovulatory) timescales, are critical for reproductive function, and have led to the use of temperature patterns as a proxy for female reproductive state. The mechanisms underlying coupling between reproductive and thermoregulatory systems are not fully established, hindering the expansion of inferences that body temperature can provide about female reproductive status. At present, numerous digital tools rely on temperature to infer the timing of ovulation and additional applications (e.g., monitoring ovulatory irregularities and progression of puberty, pregnancy, and menopause are developed based on the assumption that reproductive-thermoregulatory coupling occurs across timescales and life stages. However, without clear understanding of the mechanisms and degree of coupling among the neural substrates regulating temperature and the reproductive axis, whether such approaches will bear fruit in particular domains is uncertain. In this overview, we present evidence supporting broad coupling among the central circuits governing reproduction, thermoregulation, and broader systemic physiology, focusing on timing at ultradian frequencies. Future work characterizing the dynamics of reproductive-thermoregulatory coupling across the lifespan, and of conditions that may decouple these circuits (e.g., circadian disruption, metabolic disease) and compromise female reproductive health, will aid in the development of strategies for early detection of reproductive irregularities and monitoring the efficacy of fertility treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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10
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Abbara A, Phylactou M, Eng PC, Clarke SA, Pham TD, Ho TM, Ng KY, Mills EG, Purugganan K, Hunjan T, Salim R, Comninos AN, Vuong LN, Dhillo WS. Endocrine Responses to Triptorelin in Healthy Women, Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1666-1675. [PMID: 36653328 PMCID: PMC10271229 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Limited data exist regarding whether the endocrine response to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist (GnRHa) triptorelin differs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with healthy women or those with hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA). OBJECTIVE We compared the gonadotropin response to triptorelin in healthy women, women with PCOS, or those with HA without ovarian stimulation, and in women with or without polycystic ovaries undergoing oocyte donation cycles after ovarian stimulation. METHODS The change in serum gonadotropin levels was determined in (1) a prospective single-blinded placebo-controlled study to determine the endocrine profile of triptorelin (0.2 mg) or saline-placebo in healthy women, women with PCOS, and those with HA, without ovarian stimulation; and (2) a retrospective analysis from a dose-finding randomized controlled trial of triptorelin (0.2-0.4 mg) in oocyte donation cycles after ovarian stimulation. RESULTS In Study 1, triptorelin induced an increase in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) of similar amplitude in all women (mean peak LH: healthy, 52.3; PCOS, 46.2; HA, 41.3 IU/L). The AUC of change in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was attenuated in women with PCOS compared with healthy women and women with HA (median AUC of change in serum FSH: PCOS, 127.2; healthy, 253.8; HA, 326.7 IU.h/L; P = 0.0005). In Study 2, FSH levels 4 hours after triptorelin were reduced in women with at least one polycystic morphology ovary (n = 60) vs normal morphology ovaries (n = 91) (34.0 vs 42.3 IU/L; P = 0.0003). Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was negatively associated with the increase in FSH after triptorelin, both with and without ovarian stimulation. CONCLUSION FSH response to triptorelin was attenuated in women with polycystic ovaries, both with and without ovarian stimulation, and was negatively related to AMH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pei Chia Eng
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sophie A Clarke
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Toan D Pham
- HOPE Research Centre, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tuong M Ho
- HOPE Research Centre, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Kah Yan Ng
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Edouard G Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kate Purugganan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tia Hunjan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Rehan Salim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lan N Vuong
- HOPE Research Centre, My Duc Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0NN, UK
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11
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Shao Y, Li X, Du S, Sun X, Wang Y, Zhao D, Wang Z. Effect of Dietary Supplemental Zinc on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Plasma Hormone Levels of Breeding Pigeons. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2991-2999. [PMID: 36104538 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the dietary zinc requirement of parental pigeons for better laying and reproductive performance, egg quality, sex hormones, and mineral content in eggs. A total of 160 pairs of healthy American Silver King pigeons were randomly assigned to five treatments of eight replicate cages each with four pairs of birds per cage, and fed a basal diet without zinc supplementation or the basal diet supplemented with 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg of zinc/kg (ZnSO4·7H2O). The experiment lasted for 45 days, including two laying cycles. Results indicated the egg production rate (P = 0.081), egg shape index (P = 0.038), egg eggshell percentage (P = 0.070), and zinc and calcium contents (P < 0.01) tended to be affected or significantly affected by zinc addition. They increased quadratically with dietary zinc levels (P < 0.05). Besides, shell thickness (P = 0.069), plasma testosterone (P = 0.008), LH, and carbonic anhydrase contents (P < 0.05) tended to be affected or significantly affected by zinc addition. They increased linearly as dietary zinc level increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, 60 mg/kg zinc addition increased egg production rate, egg shape index, zinc and calcium contents in eggshell, and plasma testosterone concentration in pigeons (P < 0.05), and tended to increase the eggshell percentage (P = 0.07). Besides, supplemental 120 mg/kg zinc had higher shell thickness and LH content than control (P < 0.05), but had no difference with 60 mg/kg zinc addition. In conclusion, the supplementation of zinc at the level of 60 mg/kg to basal diet improved laying performance by increasing eggshell quality and sex hormone levels of breeding pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shaohua Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaoshan Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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12
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Cutia CA, Leverton LK, Weis KE, Raetzman LT, Christian-Hinman CA. Female-specific pituitary gonadotrope dysregulation in mice with chronic focal epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2023; 364:114389. [PMID: 36990138 PMCID: PMC10149611 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin hormone release from the anterior pituitary is critical to regulating reproductive endocrine function. Clinical evidence has documented that people with epilepsy display altered levels of gonadotropin hormones, both acutely following seizures and chronically. Despite this relationship, pituitary function remains a largely understudied avenue in preclinical epilepsy research. Recently, we showed that females in the intrahippocampal kainic acid (IHKA) mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy displayed changes in pituitary expression of gonadotropin hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor genes. Circulating gonadotropin hormone levels, however, have yet to be measured in an animal model of epilepsy. Here, we evaluated the circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), GnRH receptor (Gnrhr) gene expression, and sensitivity to exogenous GnRH in IHKA males and females. Although no changes in overall dynamics of pulsatile patterns of LH release were found in IHKA mice of either sex, estrus vs. diestrus changes in basal and mean LH levels were larger in IHKA females with prolonged, disrupted estrous cycles. In addition, IHKA females displayed increased pituitary sensitivity to GnRH and higher Gnrhr expression. The hypersensitivity to GnRH was observed on diestrus, but not estrus. Chronic seizure severity was not found to be correlated with LH parameters, and FSH levels were unchanged in IHKA mice. These results indicate that although there are changes in pituitary gene expression and sensitivity to GnRH in IHKA females, there may also be compensatory mechanisms that aid in maintaining gonadotropin release in the state of chronic epilepsy in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn A Cutia
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Leanna K Leverton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Karen E Weis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Catherine A Christian-Hinman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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13
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Lambalk CB. The enigma of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency governing individual secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. F S Rep 2023; 4:27-32. [PMID: 37223768 PMCID: PMC10201305 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are the two gonadotropic pituitary hormones stimulated by one hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a pulsatile way. Under several experimental conditions, it appears that a low pulse frequency promotes follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, pointing to an elegant mechanism by which, under governance of one stimulating hormone, the responses of two separate hormones can be individualized. Several experimental and fundamental studies have indicated the underlying mechanisms at the level of gene expression and post receptor events. In this article, an additional explanation is hypothetically put forward on the basis of dynamic and kinetic differences between both hormones in response to GnRH, with a key role of their difference in serum half-life combined with some GnRH-related desensitization features. Although experimentally demonstrated, under clinical conditions its effect remains obscure, likely because of overwhelming hormonal gonadal feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis B. Lambalk
- Cornelis B Lambalk, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Alonso CAI, David CD, Toufaily C, Wang Y, Zhou X, Ongaro L, Nudelman G, Nair VD, Ruf-Zamojski F, Boehm U, Sealfon SC, Bernard DJ. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Stimulates Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-β Expression In Vitro But Is Dispensable for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Production in Murine Gonadotropes In Vivo. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad050. [PMID: 36951304 PMCID: PMC10282924 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a dimeric glycoprotein produced by pituitary gonadotrope cells, regulates spermatogenesis in males and ovarian follicle growth in females. Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates FSHβ subunit gene (Fshb) transcription, though the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined changes in pituitary gene expression in GnRH-deficient mice (hpg) treated with a regimen of exogenous GnRH that increases pituitary Fshb but not luteinizing hormone β (Lhb) messenger RNA levels. Activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) was among the most upregulated genes. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) can heterodimerize with members of the activator protein 1 family to regulate gene transcription. Co-expression of ATF3 with JunB stimulated murine Fshb, but not Lhb, promoter-reporter activity in homologous LβT2b cells. ATF3 also synergized with a constitutively active activin type I receptor to increase endogenous Fshb expression in these cells. Nevertheless, FSH production was intact in gonadotrope-specific Atf3 knockout [conditional knockout (cKO)] mice. Ovarian follicle development, ovulation, and litter sizes were equivalent between cKOs and controls. Testis weights and sperm counts did not differ between genotypes. Following gonadectomy, increases in LH secretion were enhanced in cKO animals. Though FSH levels did not differ between genotypes, post-gonadectomy increases in pituitary Fshb and gonadotropin α subunit expression were more pronounced in cKO than control mice. These data indicate that ATF3 can selectively stimulate Fshb expression in vitro but is not required for FSH production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A I Alonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Caroline D David
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Chirine Toufaily
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Luisina Ongaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Frederique Ruf-Zamojski
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling, Saarland University School of Medicine, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assay, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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15
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Niu KM, Wang YF, Liang X, Zhai Z, Liu J, Wang R, Chen G, Wu X. Impact of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera on laying performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, and follicular development of laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102569. [PMID: 36913757 PMCID: PMC10023956 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) has been widely planted and commonly used as ruminant forage source after fermentation in China. Very less information is available to know the impact of fermented BP on laying hens, thus, we have investigated effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented B. papyrifera (LfBP) on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, and follicular development of laying hens. A total of 288 HY-Line Brown hens (age, 23 wk) were randomly assigned into 3 treatment groups: control group (Con, a basal diet), LfBP1 and LfBP5 group (a basal diet supplemented with 1% or 5% LfBP). Each group has 8 replicates of twelve birds each. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of LfBP increased average daily feed intake (linear, P < 0.05), feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05), and average egg weight (linear, P < 0.05) during the entire experimental period. In addition, dietary inclusion of LfBP enhanced the egg yolk color (linear, P < 0.01) but decreased the eggshell weight (quadratic, P < 0.05) and eggshell thickness (linear, P < 0.01). In serum, the LfBP supplementation linearly decreased the content of total triglyceride (linear, P < 0.01) but increased the content of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (linear, P < 0.05). The gene expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism including acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) was down-regulated whereas liver X receptor was up-regulated in LfBP1 group. Moreover, LfBP1 supplementation remarkably reduced the F1 follicle number and ovarian gene expression of reproductive hormone receptors including estrogen receptor, follicle stimulating hormone receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, progesterone receptor, prolactin receptor, and B cell lymphoma-2. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of LfBP could improve feed intake, egg yolk color, and lipid metabolism, but may cause a decline in eggshell quality with higher inclusion level, herein, 1% is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Min Niu
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory; Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yong Feng Wang
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory; Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liang
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Ground Biological Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Zhenya Zhai
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory; Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory; Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Ruxia Wang
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory; Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory; Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin 300308, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changsha 410125, China.
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16
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Falceto MV, Suárez-Usbeck A, Tejedor MT, Ausejo R, Garrido AM, Mitjana O. GnRH agonists: Updating fixed-time artificial insemination protocols in sows. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:571-582. [PMID: 36748111 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in swine reproduction can help increase genetic improvement and production efficiency. Different gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists have been developed to gain better control of follicular development, timing, and ovulation quality; therefore, they have been extensively used in FTAI protocols. This literature review resumes the most important characteristics of the physiology of follicular development and ovulation in sows, followed by a discussion about the hormonal alternatives available to induce ovulation (human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG; porcine luteinizing hormone, LH and GnRH agonists). Also, ovulation induction failures with GnRH agonists are described. Finally, current FTAI protocols with GnRH agonists are resumed and discussed. FTAI with GnRH agonists has proven to be an efficient, successful reproductive protocol that can be implemented in pig farms due to better knowledge of an endocrine system that regulates follicular development and ovulation and increased availability of several GnRH agonists that allow more efficient reproductive swine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Falceto
- Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Suárez-Usbeck
- Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
| | - María Teresa Tejedor
- Department of Anatomy, Embriology and Animal Genetics, CiberCV, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Ausejo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana María Garrido
- Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Mitjana
- Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, Department of Animal Pathology, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Martinez–Arguelles DB, Nedow JW, Gukasyan HJ, Papadopoulos V. Oral administration of VDAC1-derived small molecule peptides increases circulating testosterone levels in male rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1003017. [PMID: 36686419 PMCID: PMC9846164 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1003017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is the precursor of all steroid hormones, and the entry of cholesterol into the mitochondria is the rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis. Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) is an outer mitochondrial protein part of a multiprotein complex that imports cholesterol. We previously reported that intratesticular administration of a 25 amino acid peptide blocking the interaction between 14-3-3ϵ with VDAC1 increased circulating levels of testosterone. This fusion peptide was composed of a HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain cell-penetrating peptide, a glycine linker, and amino acids 159-172 of VDAC1 (TV159-172). Here, we describe the development of a family of small molecules that increase circulating testosterone levels after an oral administration. We first characterized an animal model where TV159-172 was delivered subcutaneously. This subcutaneous model allowed us to study the interactions between TV159-172 and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) and identify the biologically active core of TV159-172. The core consisted of the tetrapeptide RVTQ, which we used as a platform to design synthetic peptide derivatives that can be administered orally. We developed a second animal model to test various derivatives of RVTQ and found 11 active compounds. Dose-response experiments identified 4 synthetic peptides that robustly increased androgen levels in a specific manner. We selected RdVTQ as the leading VDAC1-core derivative and profiled the response across the lifespan of Brown-Norway rats. In summary, we present the development of a new class of therapeutics that act within the HPG axis to increase testosterone levels specifically. This new class of small molecules self-regulates, preventing abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Martinez–Arguelles
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer W. Nedow
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hovhannes J. Gukasyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Bulut F, Kacar E, Bilgin B, Hekim MG, Keleştemur MM, Sahin Z, Ayar A, Ozcan M. Crosstalk between kisspeptin and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in the silence of puberty: preclinical evidence from a calcium signaling study. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2022; 42:608-613. [PMID: 36137227 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2022.2125014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) are among suggested neuroendocrine modulators of reproductive function. Intracellular calcium signaling is a critical component in the regulation of a variety of physiological and pathological processes including neurotransmitter release, and, therefore, can be used as signaling indicator for investigating the involvement of kisspeptin, GnIH, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. Hence, this study investigated the effects of kisspeptin and GnIH on calcium signaling using immortalized hypothalamic cells (rHypoE-8) as a model. Kisspeptin neurons were loaded with the ratiometric calcium dye (Fura-2 AM, 1 μmol) and intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) responses were quantified using digital fluorescence imaging system. Kisspeptin-10 (100, 300, and 1000 nM) caused a significant increase in [Ca2+]i in rHypoE-8 cells (n = 58, n = 64, and n = 49, respectively, p < 0.001). The kisspeptin receptor antagonist, P234, inhibited the calcium responses to kisspeptin (p < 0.001, n = 32). GnIH (100 and 1000 nM), alone, did not cause any significant change in the mean basal [Ca2+]i levels in kisspeptin cells, but GnIH attenuated the kisspeptin-evoked [Ca2+]i transients (n = 47, p < 0.001). This novel findings of [Ca2+]i signaling in in vitro setting implicate that kisspeptin and GnIH may exert their effects on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis by modulating kisspeptin neurons. These results also implicate that kisspeptin neurons may have an autocrine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferah Bulut
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Emine Kacar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bilgin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | | | - Zafer Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ayar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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19
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Oliveira JM, Oliveira IM, Sleiman HK, Dal Forno GO, Romano MA, Romano RM. Consumption of soy isoflavones during the prepubertal phase delays puberty and causes hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with disruption of hypothalamic-pituitary gonadotropins regulation in male rats. Toxicol Lett 2022; 369:1-11. [PMID: 35963426 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens with recognized estrogenic activity but may also affect testosterone, corticosterone and thyroid hormone levels in experimental models. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these alterations are still unclear. Isoflavones are present in soy-based infant formula, in breast milk after the consumption of soy by the mother and are widely used for the preparation of beverages consumed by toddlers and teenagers. In this sense, we proposed to investigate the effects of soy isoflavone exposure during the prepubertal period, a recognized window of sensitivity for endocrine disruption, over the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis. For this, 42 3-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.5, 5 or 50 mg of soy isoflavones/kg from postnatal day (PND) 23 to PND60. We evaluated body growth, age at puberty, serum concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone and estradiol, and the expression of the transcripts (mRNA) of genes encoding key genes controlling the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis. In the hypothalamus, we observed an increase in Esr1 mRNA expression (0.5 and 5 mg). In the pituitary, we observed an increase in Gnrhr mRNA expression (50 mg), a reduction in Lhb mRNA expression (0.5 mg), and a reduction in Ar mRNA expression. In the testis, we observed an increase in Lhcgr mRNA expression (50 mg) and a reduction in Star mRNA expression (0.5 and 5 mg). The serum levels of LH (5 and 50 mg) and FSH (0.5 mg) were increased, while testosterone and estradiol were reduced. Puberty was delayed in all groups. Taken together, these results suggest that prepubertal consumption of relevant levels of soy isoflavones disrupts the HPT axis, causing hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and altered expression levels of key genes regulating the axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Maria Oliveira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Isabela Medeiros Oliveira
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Hanan Khaled Sleiman
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Gonzalo Ogliari Dal Forno
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Marco Aurelio Romano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Medicine, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sa, 03, Zip-Code 85040-080, Parana, Brazil.
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20
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Yang B, Gong J, Jing J, Hao Y, Li S, Liu G, Feng Z, Zhao G. Effects of Zinc Methionine Hydroxy Analog Chelate on Laying Performance, Serum Hormone Levels, and Expression of Reproductive Axis Related Genes in Aged Broiler Breeders. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:918283. [PMID: 35859808 PMCID: PMC9289673 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.918283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic zinc (Zn) supplements are commonly used in poultry feeds, but their low utilization results in the increase of Zn excretion. Thus, to provide a new perspective for the substitution of inorganic Zn, a novel Zn methionine hydroxy analog chelate (Zn-MHA) was studied in the present study to evaluate its effects on laying performance, serum hormone indexes and reproductive axis-related genes in broilers breeders. A total of 480 Hubbard breeders (56-week-old) were fed a basal diet (containing 27.81 mg Zn/kg) without Zn addition for 2 weeks, and then allocated to 4 groups with 6 replicates (each replicate consisting of 10 cages and 2 breeders per cage) for 10 weeks. Four treatment diets given to broiler breeders included the basal diet added with 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg of Zn-MHA and 100 mg/kg of Zn sulfate (ZnSO4). The laying rate, egg weight and feed conversation ratio increased in the 75 mg/kg Zn-MHA group compared to the ZnSO4 group. The eggshell thickness was not decreased with the addition of 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg Zn-MHA in the diet compared to the 100 mg/kg ZnSO4 group. There was a significant improvement in the reproductive performance of breeders in the 75 mg/kg Zn-MHA group, including the fertility and 1-day-old offspring weight. Besides, serum sex hormone levels including FSH and P4 increased significantly in 75 mg/kg Zn-MHA group. No significant effect on the ovarian weight or the number of follicles in broiler breeders was observed by supplementing Zn-MHA. Compared to the 100 mg/kg ZnSO4 group, dietary supplementation with 75 mg/kg of Zn-MHA showed an up-regulation of the FSHR mRNA in the granular layer of follicles. However, dietary supplementation of Zn-MHA had no effects on mRNA expressions of the ovarian LHR and PRLR genes. These findings reinforce the suggestion that Zn-MHA (75 mg/kg) could replace ZnSO4 (100 mg/kg) as a Zn supplement in diet of broiler breeders, which resulted in better laying and reproduction performances by regulating the expression levels of reproductive axis related genes and serum hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiangang Gong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jialin Jing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanshuang Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guanzhong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Feng
| | - Guoxian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Guoxian Zhao
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21
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Silva MSB, Campbell RE. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Neuroendocrine Consequences of Androgen Excess. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3347-3369. [PMID: 35578968 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine disorder strongly associated with androgen excess and frequently leading to female infertility. Although classically considered an ovarian disease, altered neuroendocrine control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the brain and abnormal gonadotropin secretion may underpin PCOS presentation. Defective regulation of GnRH pulse generation in PCOS promotes high luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatile secretion, which in turn overstimulates ovarian androgen production. Early and emerging evidence from preclinical models suggests that maternal androgen excess programs abnormalities in developing neuroendocrine circuits that are associated with PCOS pathology, and that these abnormalities are sustained by postpubertal elevation of endogenous androgen levels. This article will discuss experimental evidence, from the clinic and in preclinical animal models, that has significantly contributed to our understanding of how androgen excess influences the assembly and maintenance of neuroendocrine impairments in the female brain. Abnormal central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling has been identified in both patients and preclinical models as a possible link between androgen excess and elevated GnRH/LH secretion. Enhanced GABAergic innervation and drive to GnRH neurons is suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis and early manifestation of neuroendocrine derangement in PCOS. Accordingly, this article also provides an overview of GABA regulation of GnRH neuron function from prenatal development to adulthood to discuss possible avenues for future discovery research and therapeutic interventions. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3347-3369, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro S B Silva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Campbell
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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22
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Khan HL, Bhatti S, Sehole Z, Younas H, Nathaniel S, Abbas S, Kaloglu C, Ziders R, Yildiz A, Isa AM. Putative Role of the Kisspeptin/Kiss1R System in Promoting Hypothalamic GnRH Release, Pubertal Maturation, and Regulation of Ovulation Considering the Central Reproductive Axis. FERTILITY & REPRODUCTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s2661318222500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin is a class of neuropeptides that are the product of the Kiss1 gene. These neuropeptides play an important role in maintaining gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels and their release through hypothalamic neurons. Subsequently, they also play an important role in maintaining gonadotropin levels, as GnRH levels stimulate the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which allow induction of gametogenesis of pubertal maturation. The importance of the Kiss1 gene in reproduction became evident when natural mutations in this gene were discovered, which were associated with hypothalamic hypogonadism (HH) and delayed puberty. Kisspeptin and its KISS1R receptors are expressed in the mammalian ovary. The putative role of the Kisspeptin system in the ovary directly controls oocyte maturation, follicular development, and ovulation in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. These essential facts of kisspeptin and its receptor are necessary to maintain the central reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Latif Khan
- Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Bhatti
- Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zirva Sehole
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hooria Younas
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sammar Nathaniel
- Department of Biochemistry, Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Abbas
- Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Celal Kaloglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Rachel Ziders
- You Family Fertility Buffalo-Niagara Falls Area, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Aysegul Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Kotekli, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ahmed M. Isa
- Assisted Conception Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Prenatal exposure to the phthalate DEHP impacts reproduction-related gene expression in the pituitary. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 108:18-27. [PMID: 34954075 PMCID: PMC8882145 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are chemicals used in products including plastics, personal care products, and building materials, leading to widespread contact. Previous studies on prenatal exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in mice and humans demonstrated pubertal timing and reproductive performance could be affected in exposed offspring. However, the impacts at the pituitary, specifically regarding signaling pathways engaged and direct effects on the gonadotropins LH and FSH, are unknown. We hypothesized prenatal exposure to DEHP during a critical period of embryonic development (e15.5 to e18.5) will cause sex-specific disruptions in reproduction-related mRNA expression in offspring's pituitary due to interference with androgen and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. We found that prenatal DEHP exposure in vivo caused a significant increase in Fshb specifically in males, while the anti-androgen flutamide caused significant increases in both Lhb and Fshb in males. AhR target gene Cyp1b1 was increased in both sexes in DEHP-exposed offspring. In embryonic pituitary cultures, the DEHP metabolite MEHP increased Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 mRNA in both sexes and Cyp1b1 induction was reduced by co-treatment with AhR antagonist. AhR reporter assay in GHFT1 cells confirmed MEHP can activate AhR signaling. Lhb, Fshb and Gnrhr mRNA were significantly decreased in both sexes by MEHP, but co-treatment with AhR antagonist did not restore mRNA levels in pituitary culture. In summary, our data suggest phthalates can directly affect the function of the pituitary by activating AhR signaling and altering gonadotropin expression. This indicates DEHP's impacts on the pituitary could contribute to reproductive dysfunctions observed in exposed mice and humans.
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24
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Stamatiades GA, Toufaily C, Kim HK, Zhou X, Thompson IR, Carroll RS, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Offermanns S, Boehm U, Bernard DJ, Kaiser UB. Deletion of Gαq/11 or Gαs Proteins in Gonadotropes Differentially Affects Gonadotropin Production and Secretion in Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6453384. [PMID: 34864945 PMCID: PMC8711759 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates gonadal function via its stimulatory effects on gonadotropin production by pituitary gonadotrope cells. GnRH is released from the hypothalamus in pulses and GnRH pulse frequency differentially regulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) synthesis and secretion. The GnRH receptor (GnRHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that canonically activates Gα q/11-dependent signaling on ligand binding. However, the receptor can also couple to Gα s and in vitro data suggest that toggling between different G proteins may contribute to GnRH pulse frequency decoding. For example, as we show here, knockdown of Gα s impairs GnRH-stimulated FSH synthesis at low- but not high-pulse frequency in a model gonadotrope-derived cell line. We next used a Cre-lox conditional knockout approach to interrogate the relative roles of Gα q/11 and Gα s proteins in gonadotrope function in mice. Gonadotrope-specific Gα q/11 knockouts exhibit hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility, akin to the phenotypes seen in GnRH- or GnRHR-deficient mice. In contrast, under standard conditions, gonadotrope-specific Gα s knockouts produce gonadotropins at normal levels and are fertile. However, the LH surge amplitude is blunted in Gα s knockout females and postgonadectomy increases in FSH and LH are reduced both in males and females. These data suggest that GnRH may signal principally via Gα q/11 to stimulate gonadotropin production, but that Gα s plays important roles in gonadotrope function in vivo when GnRH secretion is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Stamatiades
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- University of Crete, School of Medicine, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chirine Toufaily
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, H3G 1Y6 Québec, Canada
| | - Han Kyeol Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, H3G 1Y6 Québec, Canada
| | - Iain R Thompson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Rona S Carroll
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, H3G 1Y6 Québec, Canada
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Correspondence: Ursula B. Kaiser, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Chen M, He QD, Guo JJ, Wu QB, Zhang Q, Yau YM, Xie YF, Guo ZY, Tong ZY, Yang ZB, Xiao L. Electro-Acupuncture Regulates Metabolic Disorders of the Liver and Kidney in Premature Ovarian Failure Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:882214. [PMID: 35957829 PMCID: PMC9359440 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.882214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As per the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the liver and kidney dysfunction are important pathogenies for premature ovarian failure (POF). POF is a common gynecological disease that reduced the pregnancy rate. Electro-acupuncture (EA) is a useful non-pharmaceutical therapy that supposedly regulates the function of the liver and kidney in the treatment of POF with TCM. However, the underlying mechanism of EA in the treatment of POF has not been adequately studied through metabonomics with reference to the theory of TCM. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of EA on the liver and kidney metabolites in POF mice through metabolomics. POF mice were established via intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin. Both Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Guanyuan (CV4) were stimulated by EA for 3 weeks. The biological samples (including the serum and the ovary, liver, and kidney tissues) were evaluated by histopathology, molecular biology, and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR)-based metabolomics to assess the efficacy of EA. 1HNMR data were analyzed by the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results revealed that EA was beneficial to ovarian function and the menstrual cycle of POF. Both the energy metabolism and neurotransmitter metabolism in the liver and kidney were regulated by EA. Notably, EA played an important role in regulating energy-related metabolism in the kidney, and the better effect of neurotransmitter-related metabolism in the liver was regulated by EA. These findings indicated that the ovarian functions could be improved and the metabolic disorder of the liver and kidney caused by POF could be regulated by EA. Our study results thus suggested that the EA therapy, based on the results for the liver and kidney, were related to POF in TCM, as preliminarily confirmed through metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen, ; Zong-bao Yang, ; Lu Xiao,
| | - Qi-da He
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jing-jing Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi-biao Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuen-ming Yau
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-feng Xie
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zi-yi Guo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zi-yan Tong
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zong-bao Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen, ; Zong-bao Yang, ; Lu Xiao,
| | - Lu Xiao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen, ; Zong-bao Yang, ; Lu Xiao,
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26
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Toufaily C, Fortin J, Alonso CA, Lapointe E, Zhou X, Santiago-Andres Y, Lin YF, Cui Y, Wang Y, Devost D, Roelfsema F, Steyn F, Hanyaloglu AC, Hébert TE, Fiordelisio T, Boerboom D, Bernard DJ. Addition of a carboxy terminal tail to the normally tailless gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor impairs fertility in female mice. eLife 2021; 10:72937. [PMID: 34939930 PMCID: PMC8741216 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary neuropeptide controlling reproduction in vertebrates. GnRH stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) synthesis via a G-protein-coupled receptor, GnRHR, in the pituitary gland. In mammals, GnRHR lacks a C-terminal cytosolic tail (Ctail) and does not exhibit homologous desensitization. This might be an evolutionary adaptation that enables LH surge generation and ovulation. To test this idea, we fused the chicken GnRHR Ctail to the endogenous murine GnRHR in a transgenic model. The LH surge was blunted, but not blocked in these mice. In contrast, they showed reductions in FSH production, ovarian follicle development, and fertility. Addition of the Ctail altered the nature of agonist-induced calcium signaling required for normal FSH production. The loss of the GnRHR Ctail during mammalian evolution is unlikely to have conferred a selective advantage by enabling the LH surge. The adaptive significance of this specialization remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirine Toufaily
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jérôme Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carlos Ai Alonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Evelyne Lapointe
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Universite de Montreal, Ste-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yorgui Santiago-Andres
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yeu-Farn Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yiming Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dominic Devost
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frederik Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tatiana Fiordelisio
- 3epartamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de biomédecine vétérinaire, Universite de Montreal, Ste-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Gonzalez RVL, Weis KE, Gonsioroski AV, Flaws JA, Raetzman LT. Iodoacetic Acid, a Water Disinfection Byproduct, Disrupts Hypothalamic, and Pituitary Reproductive Regulatory Factors and Induces Toxicity in the Female Pituitary. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:46-56. [PMID: 34453833 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is a water disinfection byproduct (DBP) formed by reactions between oxidizing disinfectants and iodide. In vitro studies have indicated that IAA is one of the most cyto- and genotoxic DBPs. In humans, DBPs have been epidemiologically associated with reproductive dysfunction. In mouse ovarian culture, IAA exposure significantly inhibits antral follicle growth and reduces estradiol production. Despite this evidence, little is known about the effects of IAA on the other components of the reproductive axis: the hypothalamus and pituitary. We tested the hypothesis that IAA disrupts expression of key neuroendocrine factors and directly induces cell damage in the mouse pituitary. We exposed adult female mice to IAA in drinking water in vivo and found 0.5 and 10 mg/l IAA concentrations lead to significantly increased mRNA levels of kisspeptin (Kiss1) in the arcuate nucleus although not affecting Kiss1 in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Both 10 mg/l IAA exposure in vivo and 20 μM IAA in vitro reduced follicle stimulating hormone (FSHβ)-positive cell number and Fshb mRNA expression. IAA did not alter luteinizing hormone (LHβ) expression in vivo although exposure to 20 μM IAA decreased expression of Lhb and glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit (Cga) mRNA in vitro. IAA also had toxic effects in the pituitary, inducing DNA damage and P21/Cdkn1a expression in vitro (20 μM IAA) and DNA damage and Cdkn1a expression in vivo (500 mg/l). These data implicate IAA as a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis toxicant and suggest the pituitary is directly affected by IAA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V L Gonzalez
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Karen E Weis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Andressa V Gonsioroski
- Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Hormonal changes throughout puberty in boys: an observational study on the treatment outcome of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 135:362-364. [PMID: 35108230 PMCID: PMC8812648 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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29
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Xiao Q, Hou X, Kang C, Xiagedeer B, Hu H, Meng Q, Jiang J, Hao W. Effects of prenatal chlorocholine chloride exposure on pubertal development and reproduction of male offspring in rats. Toxicol Lett 2021; 351:28-36. [PMID: 34411681 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) promote plant growth as a regulator. Emerging evidence by our group showed that CCC might restrain the puberty onset and impair the reproductive functions in male rats through HPT axis. In this study, we further investigated the effects of prenatal CCC exposure on pubertal development, reproduction of male offspring in rats and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that CCC of 137.5 and 200 mg/kg bw/day delayed the age of preputial separation (PPS), decreased the sperm motility of male offspring. PP1γ2 which is an essential protein in spermatogenesis reduced in 137.5 and 200 mg/kg bw/day groups. Crucial hormones involved in hypothalamic-puititary-testicular (HPT) axis decreased at postnatal day (PND) 30. It was indicated that CCC exposure in pregnancy might disturb the pubertal development, reproductive functions of male offspring through HPT axis and disturb the sperm motility through PP1γ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Hou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Chenping Kang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Bayindala Xiagedeer
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Sudirman S, Su CY, Tsou D, Lee MC, Kong ZL. Hippocampus kuda protein hydrolysate improves male reproductive dysfunction in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111760. [PMID: 34052566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing. This disease is associated with many complications including male reproductive dysfunctions and infertility. Seahorse ( Hippocampus kuda) is a marine teleost fish well known for its beneficial effects on the reproductive system in traditional Chinese medicine books. Recently, several studies have been shown that the enzymatic hydrolysate of seahorse has multiple pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the seahorse peptide hydrolysate (SH) ameliorative effects on the diabetic-induced male reproductive dysfunction in rat models. The in vivo studies were carried out with three different doses of SH (4, 8, and 20 mg/kg) and the diabetes condition was induced by administrating with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) and fed a 40% high-fat diet. Seahorse hydrolysate (20 mg/kg) inhibited lipid peroxidation, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and restored seminiferous tubules morphology in testis. Moreover, it improved reproductive dysfunction by increasing the level of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, sperm count, and motility. According to these results, we suggested that SH exhibited amelioration effects on the reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Sudirman
- Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30862, Indonesia.
| | - Chieh-Yu Su
- Department of Food Science; National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
| | - David Tsou
- Department of Food Science; National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Chou Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science; National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
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Tan S, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Wu J, Yu H, Yang Y, Yang Y, Zhao H, Li H. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of hypothalamus reveals genes associated with disorders of sex development in pigs. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105875. [PMID: 33746111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
XX sex reversal, also called XX disorders of sex development (XX-DSD), is a condition affecting the development of the gonads or genitalia, and is relatively common in pigs. However, its genetic etiology and transcriptional regulation mechanism in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) remain mostly unknown. XX-DSD (SRY-negative) pigs and normal sows were selected by external genitalia observation. The hypothalamus, which is the integrated center of the HPGA was sampled for whole-transcriptome RNA-seq. The role of DEmiRNA was validated by its overexpression and knockdown in vitro. A total of 1,258 lncRNAs, 1,086 mRNAs, and 61 microRNAs differentially expressed in XX-DSD pigs compared with normal female pigs. Genes in the hormone biosynthesis and secretion pathway significantly up-regulated, and the up-regulation of GNRH1, KISS1 and AVP may associate with the abnormal secretion of GnRH. We also predicted the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression triplets and constructed three competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) potentially associated with XX-DSD. Functional enrichment studies suggested that TCONS_00340886, TCONS_00000204 and miR-181a related to GnRH secretion. Further, miR-181a inhibitor up-regulated GNRH1, PAK6, and CAMK4 in the GT1-7 cells. Conversely, transfection of miR-181a mimics obtained the opposite trends. The expression levels of FSHR, LHR, ESR1 and ESR2 were significantly higher in XX-DSD gondas than those in normal sows. Taken together, we proposed that the balance of endocrine had broken in XX-DSD pigs. The current study is the first to examine the transcriptomic profile in the hypothalamus of XX-DSD pigs. It provides new insight into coding and non-coding RNAs that may be associated with DSD in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Tan
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Haiquan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yalan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Huabin Zhao
- Department of Ecology, Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TU, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China.
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The Role of the Guanosine Nucleotide-Binding Protein in the Corpus Luteum. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061524. [PMID: 34073800 PMCID: PMC8225084 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review aims to discuss the role of the guanosine nucleotide-binding protein (RAS) family in the biological events that occur during the formation and regression of the corpus luteum in the ovary. RAS proteins mediate extracellular signals, transduce through their receptors via multiple signaling pathways, and regulate a wide array of cellular processes. RAS exhibits a notable function in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, angiopoietins (ANPT), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). RAS proteins appear to be involved in several factors that are notably associated with the regulation of the corpus luteum. Further research is necessary to enhance our understanding of the role of the RAS family in the ovarian corpus luteum. Abstract The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland in the ovary. In the ovarian cycle, repeated patterns of specific cellular proliferation, differentiation, and transformation occur that accompany the formation and regression of the corpus luteum. Molecular mechanism events in the ovarian microenvironment, such as angiogenesis and apoptosis, are complex. Recently, we focused on the role of RAS protein in the ovarian corpus luteum. RAS protein plays a vital role in the modulation of cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation by molecular pathway signaling. Additionally, reproductive hormones regulate RAS activity in the cellular physiological function of ovarian follicles during pre-ovulatory maturation and ovulation. Thus, we have reviewed the role of RAS protein related to the biological events of the corpus luteum in the ovary.
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Advances in the Regulation of Mammalian Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041134. [PMID: 33921032 PMCID: PMC8071398 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The reproduction of mammals is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Follicle stimulating hormone, as one of the gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary gland, plays an immeasurable role. This article mainly reviews the molecular basis and classical signaling pathways that regulate the synthesis and secretion of follicle stimulating hormone, and summarizes its internal molecular mechanism, which provides a certain theoretical basis for the research of mammalian reproduction regulation and the application of follicle stimulating hormone in production practice. Abstract Mammalian reproduction is mainly driven and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is a key regulator that ultimately affects animal fertility. As a dimeric glycoprotein hormone, the biological specificity of FSH is mainly determined by the β subunit. As research techniques are being continuously innovated, studies are exploring the underlying molecular mechanism regulating the secretion of mammalian FSH. This article will review the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways systematically regulating FSH synthesis and will present the latest hypothesis about the nuclear cross-talk among the various endocrine-induced pathways for transcriptional regulation of the FSH β subunit. This article will provide novel ideas and potential targets for the improved use of FSH in livestock breeding and therapeutic development.
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Ma Z, Jiang K, Wang D, Wang Z, Gu Z, Li G, Jiang R, Tian Y, Kang X, Li H, Liu X. Comparative analysis of hypothalamus transcriptome between laying hens with different egg-laying rates. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101110. [PMID: 34102485 PMCID: PMC8187251 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg-laying performance is one of the most important economic traits in the poultry industry. Commercial layers can lay one egg almost every day during their peak-laying period. However, many Chinese indigenous chicken breeds show a relatively low egg-laying rate, even during their peak-laying period. To understand what makes the difference in egg production, we compared the hypothalamus transcriptome profiles of Lushi blue-shelled-egg chickens (LBS), a Chinese indigenous breed with low egg-laying rate and Rhode Island Red chickens (RIR), a commercial layer with relatively high egg-laying rate using RNA-seq. A total of 753 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Of these DEGs, 38 genes were enriched in 2 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, namely reproduction term and the reproductive process term, and 6 KEGG pathways, namely Wnt signaling pathway, Oocyte meiosis, GnRH signaling pathway, Thyroid hormone signaling pathway, Thyroid hormone synthesis and MAPK signaling pathway, which have been long known to be involved in egg production regulation. To further determine the core genes from the 38 DEGs, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, co-expression network and transcriptional regulatory network analyses were carried out. After integrated analysis and experimental validation, 4 core genes including RAC1, MRE11A, MAP7 and SOX5 were identified as the potential core genes that are responsible for the laying-rate difference between the 2 breeds. These findings paved the way for future investigating the mechanism of egg-laying regulation and enriched the chicken reproductive regulation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Keren Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gu
- School of life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Leydig cell aging: Molecular mechanisms and treatments. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:585-609. [PMID: 33706963 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset hypogonadism, resulting from deficiency in serum testosterone (T), affects the health and quality of life of millions of aging men. T is synthesized by Leydig cells (LCs) in response to luteinizing hormone (LH). LH binds LC plasma membrane receptors, inducing the formation of a supramolecular complex of cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins, the Steroidogenic InteracTomE (SITE). SITE proteins are involved in targeting cholesterol to CYP11A1 in the mitochondria, the first enzyme of the steroidogenic cascade. Cholesterol translocation is the rate-determining step in T formation. With aging, LC defects occur that include changes in SITE, an increasingly oxidative intracellular environment, and reduced androgen formation and serum T levels. T replacement therapy (TRT) will restore T levels, but reported side effects make it desirable to develop additional strategies for increasing T. One approach is to target LC protein-protein interactions and thus increase T production by the hypofunctional Leydig cells themselves.
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Ma J, Do M, Le Gros MA, Peskin CS, Larabell CA, Mori Y, Isaacson SA. Strong intracellular signal inactivation produces sharper and more robust signaling from cell membrane to nucleus. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008356. [PMID: 33196636 PMCID: PMC7704053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For a chemical signal to propagate across a cell, it must navigate a tortuous environment involving a variety of organelle barriers. In this work we study mathematical models for a basic chemical signal, the arrival times at the nuclear membrane of proteins that are activated at the cell membrane and diffuse throughout the cytosol. Organelle surfaces within human B cells are reconstructed from soft X-ray tomographic images, and modeled as reflecting barriers to the molecules’ diffusion. We show that signal inactivation sharpens signals, reducing variability in the arrival time at the nuclear membrane. Inactivation can also compensate for an observed slowdown in signal propagation induced by the presence of organelle barriers, leading to arrival times at the nuclear membrane that are comparable to models in which the cytosol is treated as an open, empty region. In the limit of strong signal inactivation this is achieved by filtering out molecules that traverse non-geodesic paths. The inside of cells is a complex spatial environment, filled with organelles, filaments and proteins. It is an open question how cell signaling pathways function robustly in the presence of such spatial heterogeneity. In this work we study how organelle barriers influence the most basic of chemical signals; the diffusive propagation of an activated protein from the cell membrane to nucleus. Three-dimensional B cell organelle and membrane geometries reconstructed from soft X-ray tomographic images are used in building mathematical models of the signal propagation process. Our models demonstrate that organelle barriers significantly increase the time required for a diffusing protein to traverse from the cell membrane to nucleus when compared to a cell with an empty cytosolic space. We also show that signal inactivation, a fundamental component of all signaling pathways, can provide robustness in the signal arrival time in two ways. Increasing rates of signal inactivation reduce variability in the arrival time, while also dramatically reducing the degree to which organelle barriers increase the arrival time (in comparison to a cell with an empty cytosol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Myan Do
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego Medical School, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Le Gros
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- National Center for X-ray Tomography, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Charles S. Peskin
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Carolyn A. Larabell
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- National Center for X-ray Tomography, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Yoichiro Mori
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Samuel A. Isaacson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Panknin O, Wagenfeld A, Bone W, Bender E, Nowak-Reppel K, Fernández-Montalván AE, Nubbemeyer R, Bäurle S, Ring S, Schmees N, Prien O, Schäfer M, Friedrich C, Zollner TM, Steinmeyer A, Mueller T, Langer G. Discovery and Characterization of BAY 1214784, an Orally Available Spiroindoline Derivative Acting as a Potent and Selective Antagonist of the Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor as Proven in a First-In-Human Study in Postmenopausal Women. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11854-11881. [PMID: 32960053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The growth of uterine fibroids is sex hormone-dependent and commonly associated with highly incapacitating symptoms. Most treatment options consist of the control of these hormonal effects, ultimately blocking proliferative estrogen signaling (i.e., oral contraceptives/antagonization of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor [hGnRH-R] activity). Full hGnRH-R blockade, however, results in menopausal symptoms and affects bone mineralization, thus limiting treatment duration or demanding estrogen add-back approaches. To overcome such issues, we aimed to identify novel, small-molecule hGnRH-R antagonists. This led to the discovery of compound BAY 1214784, an orally available, potent, and selective hGnRH-R antagonist. Altering the geminal dimethylindoline core of the initial hit compound to a spiroindoline system significantly improved GnRH-R antagonist potencies across several species, mandatory for a successful compound optimization in vivo. In a first-in-human study in postmenopausal women, once daily treatment with BAY 1214784 effectively lowered plasma luteinizing hormone levels by up to 49%, at the same time being associated with low pharmacokinetic variability and good tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Panknin
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Wagenfeld
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bone
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bender
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Katrin Nowak-Reppel
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Nubbemeyer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bäurle
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Ring
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Schmees
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Prien
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Schäfer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Friedrich
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas M Zollner
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Steinmeyer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gernot Langer
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 170, 13342 Berlin, Germany
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Masterson TA, Turner D, Vo D, Blachman-Braun R, Best JC, Westfield G, Bryson N, Ramasamy R. The Effect of Longer-Acting vs Shorter-Acting Testosterone Therapy on Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone. Sex Med Rev 2020; 9:143-148. [PMID: 32912767 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testosterone (T) replacement therapy causes suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) that can lead to decrease in semen parameters and possible infertility. Different T formulations may have varying suppression on FSH and LH. OBJECTIVE To study whether shorter-acting T (multiple daily dosing) has less suppression on FSH and LH serum levels compared with longer-acting T (transdermal gel, injectable). METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted by following the protocol based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols. We comprehensively reviewed the literature by systematically searching manuscripts indexed in PubMed from 1995 to March 13, 2019 to identify studies reporting changes in FSH and LH in hypogonadal men treated with exogenous T which evaluated the effect of exogenous T on FSH and LH. RESULTS A total of 8 studies reported the effect of T on FSH and LH in 793 hypogonadal men: 2 used long-acting injectables (enanthate or undecanoate) in a total of 16 men, 5 used intermediate-acting daily topical gels or patches in a total of 471 men, and 1 used short-acting intranasal T (125 μL/nostril, twice a day or three times a day) in 306 men. Long-acting injectables decreased FSH by 86.3%, intermediate-acting daily gels/patches decreased FSH by 60.2%, and short-acting intranasal gel decreased FSH by 37.8%. Long-acting injectables decreased LH by 71.8%, intermediate-acting daily gels/patches decreased LH by 59.2%, and short-acting intranasal gel decreased LH by 47.3%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that short-acting T preparations do not decrease serum FSH or LH to the same extent as longer-acting transdermal gels and injectables. However, further clinical trial data are necessary to determine whether the effect of short-acting TRT on gonadotropins translates into similar changes in semen parameters and fertility. Masterson TA, Turner D, Vo D, et al. The Effect of Longer-Acting vs Shorter-Acting Testosterone Therapy on Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone. Sex Med Rev 2021;9:143-148.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Masterson
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Darren Turner
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Duyen Vo
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ruben Blachman-Braun
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jordan C Best
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Nathan Bryson
- Acerus Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Nicolaides NC, Matheou A, Vlachou F, Neocleous V, Skordis N. Polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents: From diagnostic criteria to therapeutic management. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020085. [PMID: 32921781 PMCID: PMC7717007 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrinologic condition diagnosed in women of childbearing age. It is primarily associated with androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction, which contribute to menstrual irregularity, oligo-anovulation, infertility, hirsutism and acne. It is associated with several systemic conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obesity and neuropsychological disorders. The exact pathophysiology and clinical features are highly variable and, thus, there is still controversy in defining the diagnostic criteria. In this review, we outline the main diagnostic criteria, discuss the mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis, and present the associated clinical manifestations and therapeutic management of the syndrome in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Florentia Vlachou
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Vassos Neocleous
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Nicos Skordis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Paedi Center for Specialized Pediatrics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Zhang YN, Wang S, Huang XB, Li KC, Chen W, Ruan D, Xia WG, Wang SL, Abouelezz KFM, Zheng CT. Estimation of dietary manganese requirement for laying duck breeders: effects on productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, tibial characteristics, and serum biochemical and antioxidant indices. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5752-5762. [PMID: 33142493 PMCID: PMC7647759 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at estimating the dietary manganese (Mn) requirement for laying duck breeders. A total of 504 Longyan duck breeders (body weight: 1.20 ± 0.02 kg) aged 17 wk were randomly allocated to 6 treatments. The birds were fed with a basal diet (Mn, 17.5 mg/kg) or diets supplemented with 20, 40, 80, 120, or 160 mg/kg of Mn (as MnSO4·H2O) for 18 wk. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 14 ducks each. As a result of this study, dietary Mn supplementation did not affect the productive performance of laying duck breeders in the early laying period (17–18 wk), but affected egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 19 to 34 wk (P < 0.05), and there was a linear and quadratic effect of supplement level (P < 0.05). The proportion of preovulatory ovarian follicles increased (P < 0.01) linearly and quadratically, and atretic follicles (weight and percentage) decreased (P < 0.05) quadratically with dietary Mn supplementation. The density and breaking strength of tibias increased (quadratic; P < 0.05), the calcium content of tibias decreased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.01), and Mn content increased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.001) with increase in Mn. The addition of Mn had a quadratic effect on serum contents of estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (P < 0.001). Dietary Mn supplementation decreased serum contents of total protein (linear, P < 0.05), glucose (quadratic, P < 0.05), total bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calcium (linear, quadratic; P < 0.05). The serum total antioxidant capacity and total and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase activities increased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.001), and malondialdehyde content decreased (linear, quadratic; P < 0.001) in response to Mn supplemental levels. The dietary Mn requirements, in milligram per kilogram for a basal diet containing 17.5 mg/kg of Mn, for Longyan duck breeders from 19 to 34 wk of age were estimated to be 84.2 for optimizing egg production, 85.8 for egg mass, and 95.0 for FCR. Overall, dietary Mn supplementation, up to 160 mg/kg of feed, affected productive performance, tibial characteristics, and serum biochemical and antioxidant status of layer duck breeders. Supplementing this basal diet (17.5 mg/kg of Mn) with 85 to 95 mg/kg of additional Mn was adequate for laying duck breeders during the laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - X B Huang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - K C Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - W Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - W G Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - S L Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - K F M Abouelezz
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - C T Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
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New insights into anti-Müllerian hormone role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and neuroendocrine development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1-16. [PMID: 32564094 PMCID: PMC7867527 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research into the physiological actions of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has rapidly expanded from its classical role in male sexual differentiation to the regulation of ovarian function, routine clinical use in reproductive health and potential use as a biomarker in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). During the past 10 years, the notion that AMH could act exclusively at gonadal levels has undergone another paradigm shift as several exciting studies reported unforeseen AMH actions throughout the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) axis. In this review, we will focus on these findings reporting novel AMH actions across the HPG axis and we will discuss their potential impact and significance to better understand human reproductive disorders characterized by either developmental alterations of neuroendocrine circuits regulating fertility and/or alterations of their function in adult life. Finally, we will summarize recent preclinical studies suggesting that elevated levels of AMH may potentially be a contributing factor to the central pathophysiology of PCOS and other reproductive diseases.
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Deura C, Kimura Y, Nonoyama T, Moriyama R. Gpr120 mRNA expression in gonadotropes in the mouse pituitary gland is regulated by free fatty acids. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:249-254. [PMID: 32115468 PMCID: PMC7297631 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR120 is a long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) receptor that is specifically expressed in gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate
whether GPR120 is activated by free fatty acids in the pituitary of mice and mouse immortalized gonadotrope LβT2 cells. First, the effects of palmitate on GPR120, gonadotropic
hormone b-subunits, and GnRH-receptor expression in gonadotropes were investigated in vitro. We observed palmitate-induced an increase in Gpr120
mRNA expression and a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone b-subunit (Fshb) expression in LβT2 cells. Furthermore, palmitate exposure caused the
phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in LβT2 cells, but no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of luteinizing hormone b-subunit (Lhb) and gonadotropin
releasing hormone-receptor (Gnrh-r) mRNA and number of GPR120 immunoreactive cells. Next, diurnal variation in Gpr120 mRNA expression in the male
mouse pituitary gland was investigated using ad libitum and night-time restricted feeding (active phase from 1900 to 0700 h) treatments. In ad
libitum feeding group mice, Gpr120 mRNA expression at 1700 h was transiently higher than that measured at other times, and the peak blood non-esterified
fatty acid (NEFA) levels were observed from 1300 to 1500 h. These results were not observed in night-time-restricted feeding group mice. These results suggest that GPR120 is
activated by LCFAs to regulate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis in the mouse gonadotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikaya Deura
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Nonoyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Moriyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan
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Chu KY, Kulandavelu S, Masterson TA, Ibrahim E, Arora H, Ramasamy R. Short-acting testosterone appears to have lesser effect on male reproductive potential compared to long-acting testosterone in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:46-52. [PMID: 32914138 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective To compare the effect of exogenous short-acting and long-acting testosterone on male reproductive potential in mice. Design In vivo mouse model. Setting University-based basic science research laboratory. Animals A total of 30 wild-type C57BL/6 male and female mice were used for this experimentation. The male mice were used for control group and testosterone supplementation, while both male and female mice were used for the breeding portion of the study. Interventions Exogenous testosterone was administered either in short-acting formulation (Monday-Wednesday-Friday dosing schedule, testosterone propionate 0.2 mg/kg), or long-acting formulation (3-month dosing schedule - testosterone pellets 150 mg) to male mice. Main Outcome Measures Time to pregnancy, Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and testicular weight. Results Mice treated with long-acting testosterone appear to have longer time to pregnancy when compared to wild-type (33 ± 11 vs 23 ± 2.6 days, p ≤ 0.05) and mice that received short-acting testosterone propionate (26 ± 5.9 days). Mice treated with long-acting testosterone had smaller testes weight when compared to control (0.08 ± 0.01 vs 0.11 ± 0.01g; p ≤ 0.01), while the short-acting testosterone treated mice had similar testis weight when compared to control (0.09 ± 0.02 vs 0.11 ± 0.01g; ns). The serum testosterone level was elevated in mice that received testosterone pellets (285.78 ng/dL) and testosterone propionate (122.16 ng/dL) versus control (68.4 ng/dL). In mice that received long-acting testosterone pellets, LH levels at 3 months were almost undetectable while those that received short-acting testosterone remained similar to control (0.017 ± 0.058 vs 0.348 ± 0.232 IU/L; p ≤ 0.01). Female reproductive potential parameters including litter size and pup weight were collected and observed to have no difference between groups. Conclusion Through a mouse breeding study, mice that received short-acting testosterone were shown to have fertility potential similar to wild-type male mice. Long-acting exogenous testosterone appeared to impair male reproductive capacity and LH levels when compared to short-acting testosterone. Short-acting testosterone appeared to cause less LH suppression. Identifying strategies to increase testosterone while simultaneously preserving male fertility is important for treating young men with hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Chu
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Shathiyah Kulandavelu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Thomas A Masterson
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Emad Ibrahim
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Himanshu Arora
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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Selvaraj K, Manickam N, Kumaran E, Thangadurai K, Elumalai G, Sekar A, Radhakrishnan RK, Kandasamy M. Deterioration of neuroregenerative plasticity in association with testicular atrophy and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in Huntington's disease: A putative role of the huntingtin gene in steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 197:105526. [PMID: 31715317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly affecting the structure and functions of the striatum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus leading to movement disorders, cognitive dysfunctions and emotional disturbances. The onset of HD has been linked to a pathogenic CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene that encodes for the polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches in the huntingtin (Htt) protein. Notably, the neuropathogenic events of the mutant HTT gene appear to be primed during adulthood and magnified along the ageing process. While the normal Htt protein is vital for the neuronal differentiation and neuroprotection, experimental HD models and postmortem human HD brains have been characterized by neurodegeneration and defects in neuroregenerative plasticity in the basal ganglia and limbic system including the hippocampus. Besides gonadal dysfunctions, reduced androgen levels and abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis have increasingly been evident in HD. Recently, ageing-related changes in levels of steroid sex hormones have been proposed to play a detrimental effect on the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult brain. Considering its adult-onset nature, a potential relationship between dysregulation in the synthesis of sex steroid hormones and the pathogenesis of the mutant HTT gene appears to be an important clinical issue in HD. While the hippocampus and testis are the major sites of steroidogenesis, the presence of Htt in both areas is conclusively evident. Hence, the expression of the normal HTT gene may take part in the steroidogenic events in aforementioned organs in the physiological state, whereas the mutant HTT gene may cause defects in steroidogenesis in HD. Therefore, this review article comprehends the potential relationship between the gonadal dysfunctions and abnormal hippocampal plasticity in HD and represents a hypothesis for the putative role of the HTT gene in the regulation of steroidogenesis in gonads and in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviya Selvaraj
- School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivethitha Manickam
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elamathi Kumaran
- School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Thangadurai
- Department of Bio-Medical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Elumalai
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aravinthan Sekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Risna Kanjirassery Radhakrishnan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India.
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Murtazina DA, Arreguin-Arevalo JA, Cantlon JD, Ebrahimpour-Boroojeny A, Shrestha A, Hicks JA, Magee C, Kirkley K, Jones K, Nett TM, Chitsaz H, Clay CM. Enrichment of ovine gonadotropes via adenovirus gene targeting enhances assessment of transcriptional changes in response to estradiol-17 beta†. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:156-169. [PMID: 31504222 PMCID: PMC7443347 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropes represent approximately 5-15% of the total endocrine cell population in the mammalian anterior pituitary. Therefore, assessing the effects of experimental manipulation on virtually any parameter of gonadotrope biology is difficult to detect and parse from background noise. In non-rodent species, applying techniques such as high-throughput ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing is problematic due to difficulty in isolating and analyzing individual endocrine cell populations. Herein, we exploited cell-specific properties inherent to the proximal promoter of the human glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit gene (CGA) to genetically target the expression of a fluorescent reporter (green fluorescent protein [GFP]) selectively to ovine gonadotropes. Dissociated ovine pituitary cells were cultured and infected with an adenoviral reporter vector (Ad-hαCGA-eGFP). We established efficient gene targeting by successfully enriching dispersed GFP-positive cells with flow cytometry. Confirming enrichment of gonadotropes specifically, we detected elevated levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) but not thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) in GFP-positive cell populations compared to GFP-negative populations. Subsequently, we used next-generation sequencing to obtain the transcriptional profile of GFP-positive ovine gonadotropes in the presence or absence of estradiol 17-beta (E2), a key modulator of gonadotrope function. Compared to non-sorted cells, enriched GFP-positive cells revealed a distinct transcriptional profile consistent with established patterns of gonadotrope gene expression. Importantly, we also detected nearly 200 E2-responsive genes in enriched gonadotropes, which were not apparent in parallel experiments on non-enriched cell populations. From these data, we conclude that CGA-targeted adenoviral gene transfer is an effective means for selectively labeling and enriching ovine gonadotropes suitable for investigation by numerous experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilyara A Murtazina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D Cantlon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Akash Shrestha
- Department of Computer Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hicks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christianne Magee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly Kirkley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Terry M Nett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Hamidreza Chitsaz
- Department of Computer Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Colin M Clay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Hou X, Hu H, Xiagedeer B, Wang P, Kang C, Zhang Q, Meng Q, Hao W. Effects of chlorocholine chloride on pubertal development and reproductive functions in male rats. Toxicol Lett 2020; 319:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Padmanabhan V, Cardoso RC. Neuroendocrine, autocrine, and paracrine control of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110632. [PMID: 31682864 PMCID: PMC7433377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary that plays a central role in controlling ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in females. Moreover, recent studies strongly suggest that FSH exerts extragonadal actions, particularly regulating bone mass and adiposity. Despite its crucial role, the mechanisms regulating FSH secretion are not completely understood. It is evident that hypothalamic, ovarian, and pituitary factors are involved in the neuroendocrine, paracrine, and autocrine regulation of FSH production. Large animal models, such as the female sheep, represent valuable research models to investigate specific aspects of FSH secretory processes. This review: (i) summarizes the role of FSH controlling reproduction and other biological processes; (ii) discusses the hypothalamic, gonadal, and pituitary regulation of FSH secretion; (iii) considers the biological relevance of the different FSH isoforms; and (iv) summarizes the distinct patterns of FSH secretion under different physiological conditions.
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Dulka EA, Burger LL, Moenter SM. Ovarian Androgens Maintain High GnRH Neuron Firing Rate in Adult Prenatally-Androgenized Female Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5686883. [PMID: 31875912 PMCID: PMC7397485 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release frequency from the brain help drive reproductive cycles. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), persistent high GnRH/luteinizing hormone (LH) frequency disrupts cycles and exacerbates hyperandrogenemia. Adult prenatally-androgenized (PNA) mice exhibit increased GnRH neuron firing rate, elevated ovarian androgens, and disrupted cycles, but before puberty, GnRH neuron activity is reduced in PNA mice compared with controls. We hypothesized that ovarian feedback mediates the age-dependent change in GnRH neuron firing rate in PNA vs control mice. Extracellular recordings of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-identified GnRH neurons were made 5 to 7 days after sham-surgery, ovariectomy (OVX), or, in adults, after OVX plus replacement of sub-male androgen levels with dihydrotestosterone implants (OVX + DHT). In 3-week-old mice, OVX did not affect GnRH neuron firing rate in either group. In adult controls, OVX increased GnRH neuron firing rate, which was further enhanced by DHT. In adult PNA mice, however, OVX decreased GnRH neuron firing rate, and DHT restored firing rate to sham-operated levels. In contrast to the differential effects of ovarian feedback on GnRH neuron firing rate, serum LH increased after OVX in both control and PNA mice and was not altered by DHT. Pituitary gene expression largely reflected changes expected with OVX, although in PNA but not control mice, DHT treatment increased Lhb expression. These results suggest prenatal androgen exposure programs marked changes in GnRH neuron regulation by homeostatic steroid feedback. PNA lowers GnRH neuron activity in low-steroid states (before puberty, OVX), and renders activity in adulthood dependent upon ongoing exposure to elevated ovarian androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden A Dulka
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura L Burger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Suzanne M. Moenter, PhD; 7725 Med Sci II; 1137 E Catherine St; Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622; phone: 734-647-1755;
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Morrell BC, Zhang L, Schütz LF, Perego MC, Maylem ERS, Spicer LJ. Regulation of the transcription factor E2F8 gene expression in bovine ovarian cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110572. [PMID: 31493442 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the transcription factor, E2F8, has been associated with ovarian cancer. Objectives of this study were to determine: 1) if E2F8 gene expression in granulosa cells (GC) and theca cells (TC) change with follicular development, and 2) if E2F8 mRNA abundance in TC and GC is hormonally regulated. Using real-time PCR, E2F8 mRNA abundance in GC and TC was greater (P < 0.05) in small than large follicles. FGF9 induced an increase (P < 0.05) in E2F8 mRNA abundance by 1.6- to 7-fold in large-follicle (8-20 mm) TC and GC as well as in small-follicle (1-5 mm) GC. Abundance of E2F8 mRNA in TC was increased (P < 0.05) with FGF2, FGF9 or VEGFA treatments alone in vitro, and concomitant treatment of VEGFA with FGF9 increased (P < 0.05) abundance of E2F8 mRNA above any of the singular treatments; BMP4, WNT3A and LH were without effect. IGF1 amplified the stimulatory effect of FGF9 on E2F8 mRNA abundance by 2.7-fold. Collectively, our studies show for the first time that follicular E2F8 is developmentally and hormonally regulated indicating that E2F8 may be involved in follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne C Morrell
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Lingna Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Luis F Schütz
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - M Chiara Perego
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Excel Rio S Maylem
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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GnRH Antagonists Produce Differential Modulation of the Signaling Pathways Mediated by GnRH Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225548. [PMID: 31703269 PMCID: PMC6888270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists differ by 1-2 amino acids and are used to inhibit gonadotropin production during assisted reproduction technologies (ART). In this study, potencies of three GnRH antagonists, Cetrorelix, Ganirelix and Teverelix, in inhibiting GnRH-mediated intracellular signaling, were compared in vitro. GnRH receptor (GnRHR)-transfected HEK293 and neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cell lines, as well as mouse pituitary LβT2 cells endogenously expressing the murine GnRHR, were treated with GnRH in the presence or absence of the antagonist. We evaluated intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and cAMP increases, cAMP-responsive element binding-protein (CREB) and extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, β-catenin activation and mouse luteinizing-hormone β-encoding gene (Lhb) transcription by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), Western blotting, immunostaining and real-time PCR as appropriate. The kinetics of GnRH-induced Ca2+ rapid increase revealed dose-response accumulation with potency (EC50) of 23 nM in transfected HEK293 cells, transfected SH-SY5Y and LβT2 cells. Cetrorelix inhibited the 3 × EC50 GnRH-activated calcium signaling at concentrations of 1 nM-1 µM, demonstrating higher potency than Ganirelix and Teverelix, whose inhibitory doses fell within the 100 nM-1 µM range in both transfected HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. In transfected SH-SY5Y, Cetrorelix was also significantly more potent than other antagonists in reducing GnRH-mediated cAMP accumulation. All antagonists inhibited pERK1/2 and pCREB activation at similar doses, in LβT2 and transfected HEK293 cells treated with 100 nM GnRH. Although immunostainings suggested that Teverelix could be less effective than Cetrorelix and Ganirelix in inhibiting 1 µM GnRH-induced β-catenin activation, Lhb gene expression increase occurring upon LβT2 cell treatment by 1 µM GnRH was similarly inhibited by all antagonists. To conclude, this study has demonstrated Cetrorelix-, Ganirelix- and Teverelix-specific biased effects at the intracellular level, not affecting the efficacy of antagonists in inhibiting Lhb gene transcription.
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