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Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Petito G, Cioffi F, Magnacca N, de Lange P, Senese R, Lanni A. Adipose Tissue Remodeling in Obesity: An Overview of the Actions of Thyroid Hormones and Their Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040572. [PMID: 37111329 PMCID: PMC10146771 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and obesity have become important health issues of epidemic proportions and are often the cause of related pathologies such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissues (ATs) are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. An ample body of evidence indicates that in some pathophysiological conditions, the aberrant remodeling of adipose tissue may provoke dysregulation in the production of various adipocytokines and metabolites, thus leading to disorders in metabolic organs. Thyroid hormones (THs) and some of their derivatives, such as 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine (T2), exert numerous functions in a variety of tissues, including adipose tissues. It is known that they can improve serum lipid profiles and reduce fat accumulation. The thyroid hormone acts on the brown and/or white adipose tissues to induce uncoupled respiration through the induction of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to generate heat. Multitudinous investigations suggest that 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) induces the recruitment of brown adipocytes in white adipose depots, causing the activation of a process known as "browning". Moreover, in vivo studies on adipose tissues show that T2, in addition to activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, may further promote the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), and affect adipocyte morphology, tissue vascularization, and the adipose inflammatory state in rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). In this review, we summarize the mechanism by which THs and thyroid hormone derivatives mediate adipose tissue activity and remodeling, thus providing noteworthy perspectives on their efficacy as therapeutic agents to counteract such morbidities as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Nunzia Magnacca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Mathias LS, Herman-de-Sousa C, Cury SS, Nogueira CR, Correia-de-Sá P, de Oliveira M. RNA-seq reveals that anti-obesity irisin and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones differentially affect the purinergic signaling transcriptomics in differentiated human adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159276. [PMID: 36642213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The anti-obesity thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), and irisin, an exercise- and/or cold-induced myokine, stimulate thermogenesis and energy consumption while decreasing lipid accumulation. The involvement of ATP signaling in adipocyte cell function and obesity has attracted increasing attention, but the crosstalk between the purinergic signaling cascade and anti-obesity hormones lacks experimental evidence. In this study, we investigated the effects of T3 and irisin in the transcriptomics of membrane-bound purinoceptors, ectonucleotidase enzymes and nucleoside transporters participating in the purinergic signaling in cultured human adipocytes. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that differentiated adipocytes express high amounts of ADORA1, P2RY11, P2RY12, and P2RX6 gene transcripts, along with abundant levels of transcriptional products encoding to purine metabolizing enzymes (ENPP2, ENPP1, NT5E, ADA and ADK) and transporters (SLC29A1, SCL29A2). The transcriptomics of purinergic signaling markers changed in parallel to the upsurge of "browning" adipocyte markers, like UCP1 and P2RX5, after treatment with T3 and irisin. Upregulation of ADORA1, ADORA2A and P2RX4 gene transcription was obtained with irisin, whereas T3 preferentially upregulated NT5E, SLC29A2 and P2RY11 genes. Irisin was more powerful than T3 towards inhibition of the leptin gene transcription, the SCL29A1 gene encoding for the ENT1 transporter, the E-NPP2 (autotaxin) gene, and genes that encode for two ADP-sensitive P2Y receptors, P2RY1 and P2RY12. These findings indicate that anti-obesity irisin and T3 hormones differentially affect the purinergic signaling transcriptomics, which might point towards new directions for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders that are worth to be pursued in future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Herman-de-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fang P, She Y, Yu M, Min W, Shang W, Zhang Z. Adipose-Muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic disorders: The emerging roles of adipo-myokines. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101829. [PMID: 36563906 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes account for a considerable proportion of the global burden of age-related metabolic diseases. In age-related metabolic diseases, tissue crosstalk and metabolic regulation have been primarily linked to endocrine processes. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are endocrine organs that release myokines and adipokines into the bloodstream, respectively. These cytokines regulate metabolic responses in a variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying adipose-muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic diseases are not fully understood. Recent exciting evidence suggests that myokines act to control adipose tissue functions, including lipolysis, browning, and inflammation, whereas adipokines mediate the beneficial actions of adipose tissue in the muscle, such as glucose uptake and metabolism. In this review, we assess the mechanisms of adipose-muscle crosstalk in age-related disorders and propose that the adipokines adiponectin and spexin, as well as the myokines irisin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are crucial for maintaining the body's metabolic balance in age-related metabolic disorders. In addition, these changes of adipose-muscle crosstalk in response to exercise or dietary flavonoid consumption are part of the mechanisms of both functions in the remission of age-related metabolic disorders. A better understanding of the intricate relationships between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle could lead to more potent therapeutic approaches to prolong life and prevent age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuqing She
- Department of Endocrinology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Min
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Scerrino G, Salamone G, Corigliano A, Richiusa P, Proclamà MP, Radellini S, Cocorullo G, Orlando G, Melfa G, Paladino NC. Weight Gain and Asthenia Following Thyroidectomy: Current Knowledge from Literature Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185486. [PMID: 36143133 PMCID: PMC9500853 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroidectomy is a common procedure all over the world. Its complication rate is low, but some patients complain of weight gain and/or asthenia. The aim of this review is to investigate the correlation between thyroidectomy and weight change and asthenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven papers concerning weight gain and four concerning asthenia were found. RESULTS Weight gain would seem to be more related to the change in habits after surgery. Asthenia seems to be more linked to endocrine mechanisms not yet clarified although a deficiency of triiodothyronine and its metabolites could explain some of its aspects. CONCLUSION Patients who are candidates for thyroidectomy should be adequately informed of the onset of both possible implications of the surgical act in terms of weight gain and chronic asthenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Scerrino
- Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salamone
- Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corigliano
- Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierina Richiusa
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), Section of Endocrinology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Proclamà
- Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Radellini
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), Section of Endocrinology, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Cocorullo
- Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Orlando
- Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Melfa
- Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nunzia Cinzia Paladino
- Department of General Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Conception University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-04-9143-5511
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Daudon M, Ramé C, Estienne A, Price C, Dupont J. Impact of fibronectin type III domain-containing family in the changes in metabolic and hormonal profiles during peripartum period in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:960778. [PMID: 35968020 PMCID: PMC9363589 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.960778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripartum period in dairy cows is frequently associated with excessive lipolysis due to Negative Energy Balance (NEB). These metabolic disorders are the cause of various pathologies. Some metabolites such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) are known to be biomarkers of NEB in dairy cows. The involvement of adipokines, including adiponectin and leptin, during fat mobilization in the peripartum period is well described, but little is known about the impact of myokines at this time. Fibronectin type III domain-containing proteins (FNDC) are myokines and adipokines recently discovered to play a role in metabolic dysfunctions. This study aimed to evaluate some FNDCs (FNDC5, 4, 3A and B) as potential plasma and adipose tissue indicators of NEB in cattle. We measured plasma FNDC concentrations and adipose tissue FNDC gene expression during the peripartum period, 4 weeks before the estimated calving day (4WAP), one (1WPP) and 16 (16WPP) weeks postpartum in two groups of dairy cows with low NEB (LNEB, n = 8) and high NEB (HNEB, n = 13) at 1WPP. Using specific bovine ELISAs, only plasma FNDC5 concentrations varied during the peripartum period in both LNEB and HNEB animals; concentrations were higher at 1WPP as compared to 4WAP and 16 WPP. FNDC5 plasma concentrations was negatively correlated with dry matter intake, live body weight, variation of empty body weight and glucose concentrations, and positively correlated with plasma non-esterified fatty acids and BHBA concentrations. Subcutaneous adipose tissue contained abundant FNDC5 mRNA and protein, as measured by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting, respectively. We also observed that FNDC5 mRNA abundance in subcutaneous adipose tissue was higher at 1 WPP as compared to 4WAP and 16WPP in HNEB cows and higher at 1 WPP as compared to 4 WAP in LNEB cows, and was higher in HNEB than in LNEB animals during early lactation. Finally, we showed that recombinant human irisin (a fragmented product of FNDC5) increased the release of glycerol and abundance of mRNA encoding adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive-lipase in bovine and human adipose tissue explants. In conclusion, FNDC5 is expressed in bovine adipose tissue and may be involved in lipid mobilization and regulation of NEB in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Daudon
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Breeding system and Animal Physiology Department, Nouzilly, France
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Breeding system and Animal Physiology Department, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Breeding system and Animal Physiology Department, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christopher Price
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Christopher Price
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Breeding system and Animal Physiology Department, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Joëlle Dupont
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Rodrigues BM, Mathias LS, Deprá IDC, Cury SS, de Oliveira M, Olimpio RMC, De Sibio MT, Gonçalves BM, Nogueira CR. Effects of Triiodothyronine on Human Osteoblast-Like Cells: Novel Insights From a Global Transcriptome Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886136. [PMID: 35784485 PMCID: PMC9248766 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones play a significant role in bone development and maintenance, with triiodothyronine (T3) particularly being an important modulator of osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance. However, details of the biological processes (BPs) and molecular pathways affected by T3 in osteoblasts remain unclear.Methods: To address this issue, primary cultures of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were subjected to our previously established osteoinduction protocol, and the resultant osteoblast-like cells were treated with 1 nm or 10 nm T3 for 72 h. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed using the Illumina platform, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the raw data using Kallisto and DESeq2. Enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed against the Gene Ontology Consortium database for BP terms using the R package clusterProfiler and protein network analysis by STRING.Results: Approximately 16,300 genes were analyzed by RNA-Seq, with 343 DEGs regulated in the 1 nm T3 group and 467 upregulated in the 10 nm T3 group. Several independent BP terms related to bone metabolism were significantly enriched, with a number of genes shared among them (FGFR2, WNT5A, WNT3, ROR2, VEGFA, FBLN1, S1PR1, PRKCZ, TGFB3, and OSR1 for 1nM T3; and FZD1, SMAD6, NOG, NEO1, and ENG for 10 nm T3). An osteoblast-related search in the literature regarding this set of genes suggests that both T3 doses are unfavorable for osteoblast development, mainly hindering BMP and canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling.Conclusions: Therefore, this study provides new directions toward the elucidation of the mechanisms of T3 action on osteoblast metabolism, with potential future implications for the treatment of endocrine-related bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Igor de Carvalho Deprá
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bianca Mariani Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Célia Regina Nogueira,
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Altınova AE. Beige Adipocyte as the Flame of White Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Browning and Impact of Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1778-e1788. [PMID: 34967396 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beige adipocyte, the third and relatively new type of adipocyte, can emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under thermogenic stimulations that is termed as browning of WAT. Recent studies suggest that browning of WAT deserves more attention and therapies targeting browning of WAT can be helpful for reducing obesity. Beyond the major inducers of browning, namely cold and β 3-adrenergic stimulation, beige adipocytes are affected by several factors, and excess adiposity per se may also influence the browning process. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of recent clinical and preclinical studies on the hormonal and nonhormonal factors that affect the browning of WAT. This review further focuses on the role of obesity per se on browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Eroğlu Altınova
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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Scerrino G, Melfa G, Lo Brutto D, Mazzola S, Corigliano A, Vitale I, Tutino R, Rotolo G, Orlando G, Cocorullo G. Chronic asthenia in patients who have undergone endocrine neck surgery. Endocrine 2022; 75:159-168. [PMID: 34365588 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of chronic asthenia after thyroidectomy has been evaluated in two previous studies comparing total thyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy. We compared its impact on patients undergoing thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism, and cholecystectomy. METHODS Patients recruited for surgery (233 consecutive total thyroidectomies for non-toxic multinodular goiter, Group I, 43 consecutive parathyroidectomies for primary hyperparathyroidism, group II and a sample of 43 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, group III) were compared at three times: pre-operative, 6 months after surgery, 1 year after surgery. A brief fatigue inventory (BFI) was administered to assess asthenia. We excluded intermediate or high-risk thyroid carcinomas, Grave's disease, obese patients, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, and acute cholecystitis. In the postoperative period, patients who had undergone complications of each surgical procedure were also excluded. Demographics, smoking, alcohol abuse, chronic diseases (renal, cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and diabetes mellitus), anxiety and depression were noted. RESULTS In Group I the significant increase of asthenia during the three periods of detection (p < 0.001) was confirmed. Renal failure further increased the risk of asthenia. In Group II, asthenia after 6 months and 1 year after surgery decreased significantly (p < 0.001). In Group III, the variations in BFI during the three periods were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Asthenia is a frequent sequela of total thyroidectomy, also in comparison with other types of surgery. Patients undergoing thyroidectomy must be informed of the possible implications of surgery, which should be calibrated on the strict application of guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Scerrino
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Melfa
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Daniela Lo Brutto
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Mazzola
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Tumor Registry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Policlinico "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corigliano
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Vitale
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Tutino
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Rotolo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Orlando
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Cocorullo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, Unit of General and Emergency Surgery, University of Palermo, Via L. Giuffré, 5, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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10
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Sengupta P, Dutta S, Karkada IR, Akhigbe RE, Chinni SV. Irisin, Energy Homeostasis and Male Reproduction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746049. [PMID: 34621189 PMCID: PMC8490744 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a novel skeletal muscle- and adipose tissue-secreted peptide. It is conventionally regarded as an adipomyokine and is a cleaved fragment of Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). It is involved in the browning of white adipose tissue, glucose tolerance, and reversing of metabolic disruptions. Fertility is closely linked to energy metabolism and the endocrine function of the adipose tissue. Moreover, there is established association between obesity and male infertility. Irisin bears strong therapeutic promise in obesity and its associated disorders, as well as shown to improve male reproductive functions. Thus, irisin is a molecule of great interest in exploring the amelioration of metabolic syndrome or obesity-induced male infertility. In this review we aim to enumerate the most significant aspects of irisin actions and discuss its involvement in energy homeostasis and male reproduction. Though current and future research on irisin is very promiscuous, a number of clarifications are still needed to reveal its full potential as a significant medicinal target in several human diseases including male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ivan Rolland Karkada
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.,Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Suresh V Chinni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
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11
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Momenzadeh S, Zamani S, Pourteymourfard-Tabrizi Z, Barreiro C, Jami MS. Muscles proteome analysis; irisin administration mimics some molecular effects of exercise in quadriceps muscle. Biochimie 2021; 189:144-157. [PMID: 34217820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Because of health-promoting effects, the adaptation of skeletal muscles to exercise is considered a therapeutic strategy for metabolic complications and musculoskeletal disabilities. Myokines display many beneficial effects of different exercise modalities. Among them, irisin is known as a systemic effector that positively influences several organs. There are a few studies about the effects of irisin on skeletal muscles, and irisin prosperities need to be well-defined for being an exercise mimetic. To aim this purpose, we assessed the proteome profile of mouse skeletal muscle after eight weeks of irisin injection comparing to resistance and endurance exercise treated groups. In the current study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to evaluate the protein content of the quadriceps muscle. The results were analyzed with Image Master 2D Platinum V6 software. Differentially expressed proteins were characterized by mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF) and interpreted using protein data banks and co-expression network. Irisin increases cellular ATP content by driving its overproduction through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation similar to two exercise protocols and as a specific property, decreases ATP consumption through creatine kinase downregulation. It also improves the microstructural properties of quadriceps muscle by increasing fiber proteins and might induce cellular proliferation and differentiation. Network analysis of differentially expressed proteins also revealed the co-expression of Irisin precursor with structural and metabolic-related proteins. The protein alterations after irisin administration display the potential of this myokine to mimic some molecular effects of exercise, suggesting it a promising candidate to improve muscle metabolism and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Momenzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Zamani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourteymourfard-Tabrizi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; QIANBIOTEC, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Avda. Real 1 - Parque Científico de León 24006, León, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada, Avda. Astorga s/n, 24401, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; QIANBIOTEC, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Central vs. Peripheral Action of Thyroid Hormone in Adaptive Thermogenesis: A Burning Topic. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061327. [PMID: 34071979 PMCID: PMC8229489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) contribute to the control of adaptive thermogenesis, which is associated with both higher energy expenditure and lower body mass index. While it was clearly established that TH act directly in the target tissues to fulfill its metabolic activities, some studies have rather suggested that TH act in the hypothalamus to control these processes. This paradigm shift has subjected the topic to intense debates. This review aims to recapitulate how TH control adaptive thermogenesis and to what extent the brain is involved in this process. This is of crucial importance for the design of new pharmacological agents that would take advantage of the TH metabolic properties.
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Chen Z, Zhang Q, Peng N, Hu Y, Li H, He X, Liu R, Xu S, Zhang M, Shi L. Association of serum irisin concentration with thyroid autoantibody positivity and subclinical hypothyroidism. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211018422. [PMID: 34038203 PMCID: PMC8161903 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211018422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the association of serum irisin level with thyroid autoantibody (TAA) positivity and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 334 participants were assigned to one of the following four age- and sex-matched groups: TAA plus SH (84 patients), isolated TAA (83 patients), isolated SH (83 patients), or healthy controls (84 individuals). Irisin and creatine kinase (CK) were measured in serum samples. RESULTS Patients with TAA plus SH, isolated TAA, and isolated SH had higher irisin levels compared with the controls. There was a significant increase in the irisin level in the TAA plus SH group compared with the control group. Among all participants, the irisin levels were positively associated with thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibody titers and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but negatively associated with waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin levels, and fasting plasma glucose levels. The irisin level was not associated with the thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, or CK levels. Irisin levels were independently associated with TAA, with or without SH, but they were not associated with SH alone. CONCLUSIONS Irisin level may help to predict the risk of developing TAA with or without SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Nianchun Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruoyi Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lixin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Marrano N, Biondi G, Borrelli A, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. Irisin and Incretin Hormones: Similarities, Differences, and Implications in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:286. [PMID: 33671882 PMCID: PMC7918991 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretins are gut hormones that potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) after meals. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is the most investigated incretin hormone, synthesized mainly by L cells in the lower gut tract. GLP-1 promotes β-cell function and survival and exerts beneficial effects in different organs and tissues. Irisin, a myokine released in response to a high-fat diet and exercise, enhances GSIS. Similar to GLP-1, irisin augments insulin biosynthesis and promotes accrual of β-cell functional mass. In addition, irisin and GLP-1 share comparable pleiotropic effects and activate similar intracellular pathways. The insulinotropic and extra-pancreatic effects of GLP-1 are reduced in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients but preserved at pharmacological doses. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are therefore among the most widely used antidiabetes drugs, also considered for their cardiovascular benefits and ability to promote weight loss. Irisin levels are lower in T2D patients, and in diabetic and/or obese animal models irisin administration improves glycemic control and promotes weight loss. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that both GLP-1 and irisin are also synthesized within the pancreatic islets, in α- and β-cells, respectively. This review aims to describe the similarities between GLP-1 and irisin and to propose a new potential axis-involving the gut, muscle, and endocrine pancreas that controls energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, I-70124 Bari, Italy; (N.M.); (G.B.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
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15
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Shan D, Zou L, Liu X, Cai Y, Dong R, Hu Y. Circulating Irisin Level and Thyroid Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2182735. [PMID: 33195690 PMCID: PMC7641689 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2182735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both thyroid hormones and irisin have profound influences on the metabolism of the human body. Based on their similarities, several studies have been conducted to explore changes in irisin levels in patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the MOOSE reporting guideline. Based on a preregistered protocol (PROSPERO-CRD42019138430), a comprehensive search of eight databases was performed from inception to April 2020. Studies with original data collected from patients with thyroid dysfunction were included. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the different types of clinical manifestations and patient characteristics. The quality of each study and the presence of publication bias were assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa score (NOS) and funnel plot with Egger's test, respectively. A total of 11 studies with 1210 participants were included. Ten studies were identified as high-quality studies. Pooled analysis indicated decreased irisin levels in patients with hypothyroidism (MD -10.37, 95% CI -17.81 to -2.93). Subgroup analysis revealed an even lower level of irisin in patients with clinical-type hypothyroidism (MD -17.03, 95% CI -30.58 to -3.49) and hypothyroidism caused by autoimmune disease (MD -19.38, 95% CI -36.50 to -2.26). No differences were found after achieving euthyroid status from levothyroxine treatment in patients with hypothyroidism compared with controls. No differences were found between patients with hyperthyroidism and controls. Correlation analyses revealed a possible negative correlation between irisin and TSH and positive correlations between irisin and both fT3 and fT4. Irisin was correlated with TSH receptor antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xijiao Liu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yitong Cai
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruihong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yayi Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
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Lee M, Lee M. The Effects of C3G and D3G Anthocyanin-Rich Black Soybean on Energy Metabolism in Beige-like Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12011-12018. [PMID: 33059446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various mechanisms of obesity prevention have been identified; however, the roles of brown or beige fat as regulators of the energy balance are unclear. The effects of anthocyanin-rich black soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., testa (ABS) extracts on the energy balance were investigated by comparing beige-like adipocytes (BLA) and white adipocytes (WAT). ABS extracts reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein expression and triglyceride accumulation in WAT and BLA without inducing nuclear damage. The biomarkers of fat degradation (phospho-AMPKα and ATGL) or glycerol secretion in the medium and β-oxidation of fatty acids (CPT2) in the ABS-treated BLA were increased compared to those in WAT. ABS extracts significantly increased the expression of thermogenesis markers (UCP1 and CIDEA) and biomarkers related to mitochondrial activation (cytochrome c and NRF1) in BLA. In the primary cell culture of brown adipocytes (BAT) from rats fed ABS, the expression levels of PGC1-α, cytochrome c, and UCP1 proteins were increased compared to those in BAT from nonfed rats. A reduction in the NAD/NADH ratio was consistently associated with an increase in the oxygen consumption rate and basal/maximal respiration rate in ABS-treated BLA. Anthocyanins promote beiging in the body, contribute to the prevention of obesity, and are potentially useful functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Lee
- Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Research Institute of Obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
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17
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de Oliveira M, De Sibio MT, Mathias LS, Rodrigues BM, Sakalem ME, Nogueira CR. Irisin modulates genes associated with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outcome in human subcutaneous adipocytes cell culture. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110917. [PMID: 32593740 PMCID: PMC7315947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity patients are more susceptible to develop COVID-19 severe outcome due to the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the viral infection. ACE2 is regulated in the human cells by different genes associated with increased (TLR3, HAT1, HDAC2, KDM5B, SIRT1, RAB1A, FURIN and ADAM10) or decreased (TRIB3) virus replication. RNA-seq data revealed 14857 genes expressed in human subcutaneous adipocytes, including genes mentioned above. Irisin treatment increased by 3-fold the levels of TRIB3 transcript and decreased the levels of other genes. The decrease in FURIN and ADAM10 expression enriched diverse biological processes, including extracellular structure organization. Our results, in human subcutaneous adipocytes cell culture, indicate a positive effect of irisin on the expression of multiple genes related to viral infection by SARS-CoV-2; furthermore, translatable for other tissues and organs targeted by the novel coronavirus and present, thus, promising approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 infection as therapeutic strategy to decrease ACE2 regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriane de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa De Sibio
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Solla Mathias
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Moretto Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marna Eliana Sakalem
- Department of Anatomy, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Nogueira
- Department of Internal Clinic, Botucatu Medicine School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Tsai YC, Wang CW, Wen BY, Hsieh PS, Lee YM, Yen MH, Cheng PY. Involvement of the p62/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the browning effect of irisin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 514:110915. [PMID: 32540261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Irisin has gained attention because of its potential applications in the treatment of metabolic diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that irisin attenuates obesity via the browning of white adipose tissue; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of irisin on adipocyte browning and the underlying mechanisms. The western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that irisin significantly induced the up-regulation of brown fat-specific proteins (PGC1α, PRDM16, and UCP-1) and HO-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, irisin significantly increased the levels of cytosolic p62 and nuclear Nrf2. These effects of irisin in the adipocytes were attenuated by treatment with SnPP or p62 siRNA. In addition, the browning effect of irisin was observed in BAT-WT-1 cells. These findings suggest that irisin induced browning effect via the p62/Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway and that it may be a potential candidate for preventing or treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Sport Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yao Wen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hsiung Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mendez-Gutierrez A, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Aguilera CM, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32725289 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the exercise-regulated endocrine signals that might modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Exercise induces WAT browning in rodents by means of a variety of physiological mechanism. However, whether exercise induces WAT browning in humans is still unknown. Nonetheless, a number of protein hormones and metabolites, whose signaling can influence thermogenic adipocyte's metabolism, are secreted during and/or after exercise in humans from a variety of tissues and organs, such as the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, the liver, the adrenal glands, or the cardiac muscle. Overall, it seems plausible to hypothesize that, in humans, exercise secretes an endocrine cocktail that is likely to induce WAT browning, as it does in rodents. However, even if exercise elicits a pro-browning endocrine response, this might result in a negligible effect if blood flow is restricted in thermogenic adipocyte-rich areas during exercise, which is still to be determined. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the exercise-induced secretion (i.e., to determine the effect of the different exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume) of endocrine signaling molecules that might modulate BAT activity and/or WAT browning or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, during exercise. The exercise effect on BAT metabolism and/or WAT browning could be one of the still unknown mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial health effects, and it might be pharmacologically mimicked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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