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Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Kaeidi A, Rezvani M, Taghipour Khaje Sharifi G, Abbasifard M. Evaluation of the serum levels of CCL2, CCL3, and IL-29 after first and second administrations of the COVID-19 vaccine (Oxford-AstraZeneca). Immunobiology 2024; 229:152789. [PMID: 38290406 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies show that chemokines and cytokines play a very important role in eliciting an appropriate response against viruses. Vaccination causes inflammation in the person receiving the vaccine, accompanied with production of inflammatory molecules by immune cells. The more and better the production and expression of chemokines and cytokines by immune cells, the better the response of the acquired immune system. Chemokines and cytokines are critical in promoting the innate immune response against the COVID-19. Here we intended to assess serum levels of CCL2, CCL3, and interleukin (IL)-29 in patients received COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS In this study, 40 subjects vaccinated with the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine were selected. Blood samples were collected before injection of the vaccine, 3-5 days after the first dose injection, and 3-5 days subsequent to the second vaccination. To check the serum level of CCL2, CCL3, and IL-29, ELISA technique was used. RESULTS Our results indicated that the serum levels of CCL2, CCL3, and IL-29 were significantly higher after first and second dose of vaccination compared to before vaccine administration. Furthermore, serum levels of all these mediators were higher after second dose of vaccine compared to the first vaccine administration. CONCLUSIONS Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is able to induce inflammatory CCL2 and CCL3 chemokines as well as protective interferon lambda (IL-29).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ayat Kaeidi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rezvani
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Alkhattabi NA, Alharbi HM, Basabrain MA, Al-Zahrani MH, Alghamdi RA, Joharjy H, Khalifa R, Tarbiah NI. Studying the correlation of inflammatory cytokines to COVID-19 disease. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155215. [PMID: 38412656 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Extreme response of the immune system develops cytokine storm which might be crucial in the pathology of COVID-19. The research aims to evaluate the serum level of IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 in severe, mild, and pre-vaccinated one-dose COVID-19 patients and investigate their clinical value and effect in the disease development among different groups of patients. A total of 72 samples were collected 18 as healthy control and 54 from confirmed COVID-19 patients including 18 mild, 18 severe, and 18 pre-vaccinated (one dose). It was confirmed that the severe group of COVID-19 patients had the highest circulating IL-6, TNF- α, and IP-10. IL-6 level in mild and pre-vaccinated (one dose) was significantly lower than in severe. In conclusion, IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 are associated with the pathogenicity of COVID-19, furthermore, vaccination could help to control severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha A Alkhattabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hajer M Alharbi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Basabrain
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maryam H Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rana A Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Art College, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Husam Joharjy
- Public Health and Infection Control Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reham Khalifa
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ain Shams, Egypt.
| | - Nesrin I Tarbiah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Railton J, Volonté M, Isoletta E, Bonelli A, Barruscotti S, Brazzelli V. Psoriasis and biological drugs at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a mini review outlining risk of infection, seroprevalence, and safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354729. [PMID: 38352875 PMCID: PMC10861681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to review the life of patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the relevance of frailty within this context, reviewing studies that describe the course and severity of infection in patients with psoriasis on biologics, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and the safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine in these patients. Materials and methods The keywords "Psoriasis," "Biologics," "SARS-CoV-2," "COVID-19," and "BNT162b2 Vaccine" were used in various combinations on database engines to find relevant articles on this topic. Results A total of 36 articles were found, with 20 concerning the course, severity, and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy and 16 concerning safety and efficacy of BNT162b2 in these patients. Discussion Patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy did not have increased seroprevalence compared with the general population, indicating that they were not at an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive action of biologics may be protective, as patients on biologic therapy had better outcomes and less risk of severe infection. The seroconversion rate against SARS-CoV-2 from the BNT162b2 vaccine was similar in both patients with psoriasis on biologics and the general population, indicating that efficacy is not hindered by the biologic therapy. However, the cellular response in population with psoriasis was significantly less intense, and the humoral immune response was weaker than that in the general population, demonstrating that the possibility of tighter vaccination schedules and additional doses may be advantageous in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janosch Railton
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Volonté
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Isoletta
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Bonelli
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Brazzelli
- Institute of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Institute of Dermatology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Ge R, Wang F, Peng Z. Advances in Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Treatment of ARDS. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3296. [PMID: 37958192 PMCID: PMC10649435 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and fatal disease, characterized by lung inflammation, edema, poor oxygenation, and the need for mechanical ventilation, or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation if the patient is unresponsive to routine treatment. In this review, we aim to explore advances in biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of ARDS. In viewing the distinct characteristics of each biomarker, we classified the biomarkers into the following six categories: inflammatory, alveolar epithelial injury, endothelial injury, coagulation/fibrinolysis, extracellular matrix turnover, and oxidative stress biomarkers. In addition, we discussed the potential role of machine learning in identifying and utilizing these biomarkers and reviewed its clinical application. Despite the tremendous progress in biomarker research, there remain nonnegligible gaps between biomarker discovery and clinical utility. The challenges and future directions in ARDS research concern investigators as well as clinicians, underscoring the essentiality of continued investigation to improve diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
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Nigro E, D’Agnano V, Quarcio G, Mariniello DF, Bianco A, Daniele A, Perrotta F. Exploring the Network between Adipocytokines and Inflammatory Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3806. [PMID: 37686837 PMCID: PMC10490077 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is actually regarded as an endocrine organ, rather than as an organ that merely stores energy. During the COVID-19 pandemic, obesity has undoubtedly emerged as one of the most important risk factors for disease severity and poor outcomes related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aberrant production of cytokine-like hormones, called adipokines, may contribute to alterations in metabolism, dysfunction in vascular endothelium and the creation of a state of general chronic inflammation. Moreover, chronic, low-grade inflammation linked to obesity predisposes the host to immunosuppression and excessive cytokine activation. In this respect, understanding the mechanisms that link obesity with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection could represent a real game changer in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Our review therefore examines the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, the implications with visceral adipose tissue and the influences of the adipose tissue and its adipokines on the clinical behavior of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl “Franco Salvatore”, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Vito D’Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Gianluca Quarcio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Domenica Francesca Mariniello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl “Franco Salvatore”, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.Q.); (D.F.M.); (A.B.)
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Kubiliute I, Vitkauskaite M, Urboniene J, Svetikas L, Zablockiene B, Jancoriene L. Clinical characteristics and predictors for in-hospital mortality in adult COVID-19 patients: A retrospective single center cohort study in Vilnius, Lithuania. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290656. [PMID: 37624796 PMCID: PMC10456157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 infection had spread worldwide causing many deaths. Mortality rates and patients' characteristics varied within and between countries, making it important to understand the peculiarities of different populations. The aim of this study was to identify the main predictors associated with in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 in Vilnius, Lithuania. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective observational cohort study conducted at Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Lithuania. The study included SARS-CoV-2 positive patients aged over 18 years and hospitalized between March 2020 and May 2021. Depersonalized data were retrieved from electronic medical records. The predictive values of laboratory parameters were evaluated using ROC analysis. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to reveal predictors of in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19. RESULTS Among 2794 patients, 54.4% were male, the age median was 59 years (IQR 48-70), 47.4% had at least one comorbidity. The most common comorbidities were arterial hypertension (36.9%) and diabetes mellitus (13.7%). Overall, 12.7% of patients died. Multivariable regression revealed that age (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.06), congestive heart failure (OR 3.06, 95%CI 1.96-4.77), obesity (OR 3.90, 95%CI 2.12-7.16), COPD (OR 2.92, 95%CI 1.12-7.60), previous stroke (OR 5.80, 95%CI 2.07-16.21), urea >7.01 mmol/l (OR 2.32, 95%CI 1.47-3.67), AST/ALT >1.49 (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.08-2.21), LDH >452.5 U/l (OR 2.60, 95%CI 1.74-3.88), CRP >92.68 mg/l (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.06-2.35), IL-6 >69.55 ng/l (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.10-2.40), and troponin I >18.95 ng/l (OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.38-3.02), were associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Age, congestive heart failure, obesity, COPD, prior stroke, and increased concentration of urea, LDH, CRP, IL-6, troponin I, ALT to AST ratio were identified to be the predictors for in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Kubiliute
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Jurgita Urboniene
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Linas Svetikas
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Birute Zablockiene
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ligita Jancoriene
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Yano A, Yuki S, Shiraishi A, Hakozaki M, Kanno Y, Kimura KI, Uesugi S. Golden berry leaf extract containing withanolides suppresses TNF-α and IL-17 induced IL-6 expression in HeLa Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:972-980. [PMID: 37279446 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, characterized by the overexpression of IL-6 in various tissues, has been reported as a symptom of coronavirus disease 2019. In this study, we established an experimental system for overexpression of IL-6 in HeLa cells stimulated by TNF-α and IL-17, along with identification of anti-inflammatory materials and components from local agricultural, forestry, and fishery resources. We constructed a library of extracts from natural sources, of which 111 samples were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities. The MeOH extract of Golden Berry (Physalis peruviana L) leaf was found to exhibit strong anti-inflammatory properties (IC50 = 4.97 µg/mL). Preparative chromatography identified two active constituents, 4β-hydroxywithanolide E (4β-HWE) (IC50 = 183 nM) and withanolide E (WE) (IC50 = 65.1 nM). Withanolides are known anti-inflammatory ingredients of Withania somnifera, an Ayurvedic herbal medicine. P. peruviana leaves containing 4β-HWE and WE should be considered as useful natural resources for anti-inflammatory products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yano
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yuki
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuko Kanno
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kimura
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shota Uesugi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
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Singh N, Nagar E, Arora N. Diesel exhaust exposure impairs recovery of lung epithelial and cellular damage in murine model. Mol Immunol 2023; 158:1-9. [PMID: 37254294 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies have investigated the relationship between diesel exhaust (DE) exposure and lung health, highlighting the potential for DE to induce pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the resolution of inflammation upon withdrawal of DE exposure needs further investigation. Therefore, resolution of diesel exhaust-induced lung damage was studied in the murine model. Mice (6 weeks) were divided into three groups. Group 1 (control) mice were exposed to filtered air, Group 2 (DE) mice were exposed to DE (5.1 ± 0.7 mg/m3) & Group 3 (DE-FA) mice were exposed to DE followed by filtered air exposure. Airway hyper-responsiveness was recorded after 24 h of the last exposure. BALF and lung samples were collected for cytokine estimation, immunobiological assays, and western blot analysis. DE exposure showed an increase in lung resistance thereby causing alteration in lung function parameters (p < 0.05) which was restored in the DE-FA group. BALF analysis showed a significant increase in total cell count and protein content in DE with no resolution in DE-FA groups (p < 0.05). Lung histology showed no reduction in the bronchiolar thickness and damage in the DE-FA group suggesting irreversible lung damage (p < 0.05). The significant increase in inflammatory cytokine levels, and collagen deposition showed persistent inflammatory phase and lung damage in the DE-FA group(p < 0.05). ZO-1 was significantly decreased in both test groups indicating disintegrated lung epithelium where in claudin-5 expression showed increased lung permeability. A significant increase in neutrophil elastase activity and decreased expression of, Elafin, resulted in lung epithelial damage in the DE-FA group. Lung injury marker alpha1-antitrypsin was increased in DE-FA groups indicating an immune defense mechanism against neutrophil elastase. The study showed that DE exposure causes persistent lung damage via neutrophil elastase-associated disruption of the epithelial barrier integrity and membrane dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Singh
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ekta Nagar
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Mohd Zawawi Z, Kalyanasundram J, Mohd Zain R, Thayan R, Basri DF, Yap WB. Prospective Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in COVID-19: Prognosis, Therapeutic and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076142. [PMID: 37047115 PMCID: PMC10094668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a worldwide concern at the beginning of 2020 and has affected millions. Several previous studies revealed the impact of the imbalanced innate immune response on the progression of COVID-19 and its disease outcomes. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins are produced readily by innate immune cells to fight Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Nonetheless, cytokine-mediated inflammatory events are also linked to detrimental lung injury and respiratory failure, which can result in deaths among COVID-19 patients. TNF-α is amongst the early cytokines produced to mediate proinflammatory responses and enhance immune cell infiltration in response to SARS-CoV-2 infections. In COVID-19, TNF-α-mediated inflammation can cause detrimental tissue damage and gradually promotes lung fibrosis, which later results in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review, therefore, aims to deliberate the immunomodulatory roles of TNF-α in promoting inflammation and its relation with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. In addition, this review also proposes the potential of TNF-α as a biomarker for the prognosis of severe COVID-19 and its related complications and as a molecular target for anti-TNF-α therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Mohd Zawawi
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
- Center for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Rozainanee Mohd Zain
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Fredalina Basri
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Wei Boon Yap
- Center for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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The Value of Interleukin-17A as a Prognostic Indicator in COVID-19 Patients. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-130316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 infections (COVID-19) first occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and spread worldwide, causing significant mortality and morbidity. IL-17A may mediate numerous immunopathological effects secondary to cytokine release syndrome during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there has not been enough research on its effect on prognosis. Objectives: This study evaluated the predictive power of serum interleukin (IL)-17A level as a prognostic marker in COVID-19. Methods: The study included 152 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of nasopharyngeal swab samples in the infectious diseases department and intensive care unit of our hospital between October 1 and December 31, 2020. The control group consisted of 40 asymptomatic healthcare workers who had negative RT-PCR results during routine COVID-19 screening in our hospital. Samples were collected in anticoagulant-free tubes and left at room temperature for 30 minutes. Afterward, it was centrifuged at 1000 × g for 15 minutes at 4°C per the instructions provided with the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Serum IL-17A levels were measured using the Human Interleukin 17A ELISA Kit. Results: Serum IL-17A levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in controls (P < 0.001). IL-17A levels increased significantly in association with disease severity in patients with the moderate, severe, and critical disease, with a less pronounced difference between severe and critical patients (moderate vs. severe, P < 0.001; severe vs. critical, P = 0.048). IL-17A levels at hospital admission and day 7 were significantly higher in non-surviving patients (P < 0.001). At a cut-off value of 210.25 ng/L, IL-17A at admission had a predictive power of 0.792 (P < 0.001). Compared to baseline, IL-17A values on day seven were significantly increased in non-survivors (P = 0.004) and decreased in survivors (P = 0.014). An increase of 26.17 ng/L or more on day 7 had a predictive mortality power of 0.634 (P = 0.005). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that IL-17A, an important part of the immune system previously shown to be useful in the treatment and follow-up of COVID-19, may also help predict mortality in COVID-19 patients.
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Arjmand B, Rahim F. The Probable Protective Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Immunologic Factor's mRNA Expression Level in the Lung: An Extended COVID-19 Preclinical and Clinical Meta-analysis. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X221127683. [PMID: 36938515 PMCID: PMC10014418 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x221127683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Different expression of cytokine genes in the body determines the type of immune response (Th1 or Th2), which can play an important role in the pathogenesis of the COVID-19 disease. Aims This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the probable effect of photobiomodulation (PBMT) therapy on the cytokine's mRNA expression in the lung. Methods We systematically searched indexing databases, including PubMed/Medline, ISI web of science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane central, using standard terms without language, study region or type restrictions. Studies on using PBM in lung injury modeling with samples collected from lung tissue to observe IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 mRNA expression were included. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis and standardized mean difference as effect size. Results Of the 438 studies found through initial searches, 17 met the inclusion criteria. The main properties of 13 articles on 384 animals included in this meta-analysis with a wide range of species include rats (n = 10) and rabbits (n = 3). The analysis revealed that PBMT reduced the mRNA expression of TNFα (SMD: -3.70, 95% CI: -6.29, -1.11, P = .005,I 2 = 71%) and IL-1β (SMD: -5.85, 95% CI: -8.01, -3.69, P < .00001,I 2 = 37%) significantly, but no statistically significant reduction in IL-6 (SMD: -2.89, 95% CI: -5.79, 0.01, P = .05,I 2 = 88%) was observed compared with the model controls. Also, PBMT increased IL-10 mRNA expression significantly compared with the model controls (SMD: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.64, P = .0008,I 2 = 17%). Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed that the PBMT utilizes beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and modulation of the immune system on lung damage in animal models and clinical studies. However, animal models and clinical studies appear limited considering the evidence's quality; therefore, large clinical trials are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine
Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research
Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research
Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Research Institute, Thalassemia
and Hemoglobinopathies Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Fakher Rahim, Health Research Institute,
Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University
of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran.
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12
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Abstract
IL-17 cytokine family members have diverse biological functions, promoting protective immunity against many pathogens but also driving inflammatory pathology during infection and autoimmunity. IL-17A and IL-17F are produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, and various innate immune cell populations in response to IL-1β and IL-23, and they mediate protective immunity against fungi and bacteria by promoting neutrophil recruitment, antimicrobial peptide production and enhanced barrier function. IL-17-driven inflammation is normally controlled by regulatory T cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, TGFβ and IL-35. However, if dysregulated, IL-17 responses can promote immunopathology in the context of infection or autoimmunity. Moreover, IL-17 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many other disorders with an inflammatory basis, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Consequently, the IL-17 pathway is now a key drug target in many autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders; therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-17A, both IL-17A and IL-17F, the IL-17 receptor, or IL-23 are highly effective in some of these diseases. However, new approaches are needed to specifically regulate IL-17-mediated immunopathology in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity without compromising protective immunity to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Chloroform Fraction of Prasiola japonica Ethanolic Extract Alleviates UPM 1648a-Induced Lung Injury by Suppressing NF-κB Signaling. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010088. [PMID: 36613305 PMCID: PMC9818875 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prasiola japonica is an edible alga, and the ethanol extract of P. japonica (Pj-EE) possesses various biological activities. Interestingly, in a recent study, we observed the potent anti-inflammatory activity of the chloroform fraction of Pj-EE (Pj-EE-CF). Thus, to extend the application of Pj-EE-CF, we further studied its effects on lung injury. To establish an experimental model of lung injury, we nasally administered urban particulate matter UPM 1648a (50 mg/kg) to mice. In addition, BEAS-2B cells were treated with 300 μg/mL of UPM 1648a for in vitro analysis. Intranasal administration of UPM 1648a increased lung injury score, macrophage infiltration, and upregulation of the inflammatory enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lung tissues. On the other hand, oral administration of Pj-EE-CF (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) alleviated these pathological features as assessed by lung wet/dry ratio, lung injury score, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein amount in the lung tissues up to 70%, 95%, and 99%, respectively. In addition, Pj-EE-CF down-regulated the release of inflammatory cytokines, interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ elevated by UPM 1648a in the lung tissues and lung BALF up to 95%. According to Western blot and luciferase assay, Pj-EE-CF (100 mg/kg in vivo or 50 and 100 μg/mL in vitro) significantly reduced the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal activated by UPM 1648a. Finally, UPM 1648a increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in BEAS-2B cells, while Pj-EE-CF reduced them. These results suggest that Pj-EE-CF alleviates UPM 1648a-induced lung damage via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and by suppressing NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, these observations imply that Pj-EE-CF could be a practical component of food supplements to mitigate air pollution-derived lung damage.
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14
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Sun L, Li B, Li J, Hu C. Influence of transitional care on the clinical manifestations among patients with COVID‑19: A single‑center, double‑blinded, randomized survey. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:16. [PMID: 36561631 PMCID: PMC9748669 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the major complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Transitional care is indispensable in successfully transitioning patients with COVID-19 from hospital to home and preventing adverse events of this disease. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of transitional care on improvements in inflammation and pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19. Data of all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (n=242) discharged from Mudanjiang Medical University (Mudanjiang, China) between May 2020 and October 2020 were retrospectively collected. Patients with COVID-19 had been hospitalized and assigned to receive transitional care (n=126) or usual care (n=116) and were followed up for 12 months. Hospital stay, inflammation and pulmonary function were compared in patients with COVID-19 between the transitional care and usual care group. Transitional care significantly improved physical symptoms, anxiety, depression and empathy of the patients for other patients affected. Compared to the usual care group, marked improvements in typical symptoms, including dyspnea, asthenia, cough, nausea, chest pain, myalgia, headache, fever, diarrhea, chest pain, dizziness, conjunctivitis, as well as disorders of smell and taste, were observed in the transitional care group. Patients in the transitional care group had a shorter hospital stay than those patients in the usual care group. Furthermore, transitional care decreased inflammation and ameliorated pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, transitional care has an essential role in the improvement of physical symptoms, inflammation and pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19 [Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) registration no. ChiCTR2200060295; 26.05.2022].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Binxin Li
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bone Surgery, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Chunyang Hu, Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, 5 Tongxiang Road, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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15
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Zoodsma M, de Nooijer AH, Grondman I, Gupta MK, Bonifacius A, Koeken VACM, Kooistra E, Kilic G, Bulut O, Gödecke N, Janssen N, Kox M, Domínguez-Andrés J, van Gammeren AJ, Ermens AAM, van der Ven AJAM, Pickkers P, Blasczyk R, Behrens GMN, van de Veerdonk FL, Joosten LAB, Xu CJ, Eiz-Vesper B, Netea MG, Li Y. Targeted proteomics identifies circulating biomarkers associated with active COVID-19 and post-COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027122. [PMID: 36405747 PMCID: PMC9670186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the highly infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an urgent need for biomarkers that will help in better stratification of patients and contribute to personalized treatments. We performed targeted proteomics using the Olink platform and systematically investigated protein concentrations in 350 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 186 post-COVID-19 individuals, and 61 healthy individuals from 3 independent cohorts. Results revealed a signature of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is represented by inflammatory biomarkers, chemokines and complement-related factors. Furthermore, the circulating proteome is still significantly affected in post-COVID-19 samples several weeks after infection. Post-COVID-19 individuals are characterized by upregulation of mediators of the tumor necrosis (TNF)-α signaling pathways and proteins related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß. In addition, the circulating proteome is able to differentiate between patients with different COVID-19 disease severities, and is associated with the time after infection. These results provide important insights into changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection at the proteomic level by integrating several cohorts to obtain a large disease spectrum, including variation in disease severity and time after infection. These findings could guide the development of host-directed therapy in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Zoodsma
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Aline H. de Nooijer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Inge Grondman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnes Bonifacius
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerie A. C. M. Koeken
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Emma Kooistra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gizem Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nina Gödecke
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Anton A. M. Ermens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg M. N. Behrens
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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16
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Martín M, Vallejo C, López-Campos F, Quereda C, Muñoz T, Sánchez-Conde M, Dominguez JA, Soriano C, Martín M, Suárez-Carantoña C, Muriel A, Garrido P, Acero J, Alvarez-Diaz A, de la Pinta C, Martínez-García L, Hernánz R, Fernández E, Alarza M, Hervás A, Sancho S. SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Cancer Patients: A New Unknown in an Unsolved Equation. Oncology 2022; 101:1-11. [PMID: 36063800 PMCID: PMC9747739 DOI: 10.1159/000525802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer patients are more susceptible to infections, and infection can be more severe than in patients without cancer diagnosis. We conducted this retrospective study in patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to find differences in inflammatory markers and mortality in cancer patients compared to others. METHODS We reviewed the electronic records of patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR from March to September 2020. Data on socio-demographics, comorbidities, inflammatory makers, and cancer-related features were analyzed. RESULTS 2,772 patients were admitted for SARS-CoV-2, to the Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal in Madrid during this period. Of these, 2,527 (91%) had no history of neoplastic disease, 164 (5.9%) patients had a prior history of cancer but were not undergoing oncological treatment at the time of infection, and 81 (2.9%) were in active treatment. Mortality in patients without a history of cancer was 19.5%, 28.6% for patients with a prior history of cancer, and 34% in patients with active cancer treatment. Patients in active oncology treatment with the highest mortality rate were those diagnosed with lung cancer (OR 5.6 95% CI: 2.2-14.1). In the multivariate study, active oncological treatment (OR 2.259 95% CI: 1.35-3.77) and chemotherapy treatment (OR 3.624 95% CI: 1.17-11.17), were statistically significant factors for the risk of death for the whole group and for the group with active oncological treatment, respectively. CONCLUSION Cancer patients on active systemic treatment have an increased risk of mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially with lung cancer or chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Martín
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain,*Margarita Martín,
| | - Carmen Vallejo
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Campos
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Quereda
- Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Muñoz
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cruz Soriano
- Intensive Medicine Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Martín
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Muriel
- Biostatistics Clinic Unit, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Garrido
- Médical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Acero
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alvarez-Diaz
- Pharmacy Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina de la Pinta
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Hernánz
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Fernández
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Alarza
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Hervás
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Sancho
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Mahroum N, Elsalti A, Alwani A, Seida I, Alrais M, Seida R, Esirgun SN, Abali T, Kiyak Z, Zoubi M, Shoenfeld Y. The mosaic of autoimmunity - Finally discussing in person. The 13 th international congress on autoimmunity 2022 (AUTO13) Athens. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103166. [PMID: 35932955 PMCID: PMC9349027 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While autoimmunity is a branch of medicine linked to every single organ system via direct and indirect pathways, meeting in person to discuss autoimmunity during the 13th international congress on autoimmunity (AUTO13) with participants from all over the world had a very good reason. The mechanisms involved in autoimmune diseases are of extreme importance and in fact critical in understanding the course of diseases as well as selecting proper therapies. COVID-19 has served as a great example of how autoimmunity is deeply involved in the disease and directly correlated to severity, morbidity, and mortality. For instance, initially the term cytokine storm dominated, then COVID-19 was addressed as the new member of the hyperferritinemic syndrome, and also the use of immunosuppressants in patients with COVID-19 throughout the pandemic, all shed light on the fundamental role of autoimmunity. Unsurprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 was called the “autoimmune virus” during AUTO13. Subsequently, the correlation between autoimmunity and COVID-19 vaccines and post-COVID, all were discussed from different autoimmune aspects during the congress. In addition, updates on the mechanisms of diseases, autoantibodies, novel diagnostics and therapies in regard to autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and others, were discussed in dedicated sessions. Due to the magnificence of the topics discussed, we aimed to bring in our article hereby, the pearls of AUTO13 in terms of updates, new aspects of autoimmunity, and interesting findings. While more than 500 abstract were presented, concluding all the topics was not in reach, hence major findings were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Mahroum
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Abdulrahman Elsalti
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkarim Alwani
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isa Seida
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmoud Alrais
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ravend Seida
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevval Nil Esirgun
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tunahan Abali
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kiyak
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Majdi Zoubi
- Department of Internal Medicine B, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel, Affiliated to Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
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18
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Montazersaheb S, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Hejazi MS, Tarhriz V, Farjami A, Ghasemian Sorbeni F, Farahzadi R, Ghasemnejad T. COVID-19 infection: an overview on cytokine storm and related interventions. Virol J 2022; 19:92. [PMID: 35619180 PMCID: PMC9134144 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. This virus affects the respiratory tract and usually leads to pneumonia in most patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 15% of cases. ARDS is one of the leading causes of death in patients with COVID-19 and is mainly triggered by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, referred to as cytokine storm. Interleukins, such as interleukin-6 (1L-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) play a very significant role in lung damage in ARDS patients through the impairments of the respiratory epithelium. Cytokine storm is defined as acute overproduction and uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory markers, both locally and systemically. The eradication of COVID-19 is currently practically impossible, and there is no specific treatment for critically ill patients with COVID-19; however, suppressing the inflammatory response may be a possible strategy. In light of this, we review the efficacy of specific inhibitors of IL6, IL1, IL-17, and TNF-α for treating COVID-19-related infections to manage COVID-19 and improve the survival rate for patients suffering from severe conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614731, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614731, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614731, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Farjami
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614731, Iran.
| | - Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166614731, Iran.
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19
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Kharaeva Z, Shokarova A, Shomakhova Z, Ibragimova G, Trakhtman P, Trakhtman I, Chung J, Mayer W, De Luca C, Korkina L. Fermented Carica papaya and Morinda citrifolia as Perspective Food Supplements for the Treatment of Post-COVID Symptoms: Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Laboratory Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112203. [PMID: 35684003 PMCID: PMC9182401 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food supplements based on fermented Carica papaya and Morinda citrifolia, known for their immune modulating, redox balancing, and anti-inflammatory effects, were added to conventional treatment protocols prescribed to patients recovering after severe and moderate COVID-19 disease in order to alleviate long-lasting post-COVID symptoms. A randomized single-center placebo-controlled clinical laboratory study was designed and performed (total number of participants 188, with delta variant of virus 157, with omicron 31). Clinical statuses were assessed using computer tomography, electrocardiography, a questionnaire, and physical endurance. Plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and INF-gamma), nitrate/nitrite ratio, antioxidant activity (AOA), and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) ATP levels were determined before and 20 days following the addition of 28 g of fermented supplements twice per day. The capacity of PMN to phagocyte and the oral-nasal-pharyngeal microbiota were assessed. Clinical symptoms, IL-6, IL-8, and nitric oxide metabolites diminished significantly compared to the placebo group and their background expression. The PMN capacity to phagocyte, AOA, and ATP content remarkably increased. The oral-nasal-pharyngeal microbiota were unchanged. On these grounds, we suggest that fermented tropical fruits could efficiently diminish post-COVID clinical symptoms through several immune-modulating, redox balancing, and pro-energy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Kharaeva
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Virology Department, Kabardino-Balkar Berbekov’s State University, 360022 Nal’chik, Russia;
| | - Albina Shokarova
- COVID Unit, Rehabilitation Centre, State Hospital N1, 360022 Nal’chik, Russia; (A.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zalina Shomakhova
- COVID Unit, Rehabilitation Centre, State Hospital N1, 360022 Nal’chik, Russia; (A.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Galina Ibragimova
- Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), 117437 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel Trakhtman
- Blood Bank, Federal Centre for Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117437 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Jessie Chung
- R&D, Natural Health Farm, Shah Alam 40150, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Wolfgang Mayer
- R&D, Medena AGAffoltern-am-Albis, CH-8910 Zurich, Switzerland; (W.M.); (C.D.L.)
| | - Chiara De Luca
- R&D, Medena AGAffoltern-am-Albis, CH-8910 Zurich, Switzerland; (W.M.); (C.D.L.)
| | - Liudmila Korkina
- Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), 117437 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zhou X, Münch G, Wohlmuth H, Afzal S, Kao MH(T, Al-Khazaleh A, Low M, Leach D, Li CG. Synergistic Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Pathways by Ginger and Turmeric Extracts in RAW 264.7 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:818166. [PMID: 35662723 PMCID: PMC9160922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.818166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergy plays a prominent role in herbal medicines to increase potency and widen the therapeutic windows. The mechanism of synergy in herbal medicines is often associated with multi-targeted behavior and complex signaling pathways which are challenging to elucidate. This study aims to investigate the synergistic mechanism of a combination (GT) of ginger (G) and turmeric (T) extracts by exploring the modulatory activity in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammatory pathways and key molecular targets. A Bioplex ProTM mouse cytokine 23-plex assay was utilized to assess the broad anti-cytokine activity of GT in LPS and interferon (IFN)-ɣ (both at 50 ng/mL)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory effects of individual and combined G and T on major proinflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 were tested using Griess reagents and ELISA assays, respectively. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blot were used to investigate the modulatory effect of GT on key proteins in the LPS/TLR4 signaling transduction. The regulation of murine microRNA miR-155-5p was tested using real-time PCR. The IC50 value and combination index (CI) values were used to demonstrate potency and synergistic interaction, respectively. GT synergistically attenuated a range of pro-inflammatory mediators including inducible NO, major cytokines (TNF and IL-6) and secondary inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF and MCP-1). GT significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB p65 translocation, the activation of TLR4, TRAF6, and phosphorylation of JNK and c-JUN. Moreover, the suppressive effect of GT on each of the protein targets in this axis was stronger than that of the individual components. Real-time PCR analysis showed that GT suppressed miR-155-5p to a greater extent than G or T alone in LPS-stimulated cells. Our study demonstrates the synergistic mechanism of GT in downregulating LPS-induced proinflammatory pathways at the miRNA and protein levels. Our results establish a scientific basis for the combined application of G and T as an advanced therapeutic candidate in inflammatory diseases with broad and synergistic anti-inflammatory activity and multi-targeted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Xian Zhou, ; Chun Guang Li,
| | - Gerald Münch
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hans Wohlmuth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Integria Healthcare, Eight Mile Plains, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sualiha Afzal
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming-Hui (Tim) Kao
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahmad Al-Khazaleh
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitchell Low
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - David Leach
- Integria Healthcare, Eight Mile Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Xian Zhou, ; Chun Guang Li,
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21
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Sun Y, Miller DC, Akpandak I, Chen EM, Arnold BF, Acharya NR. Association between immunosuppressive drugs and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with non-infectious uveitis in a large US claims database. Ophthalmology 2022; 129:1096-1106. [PMID: 35588945 PMCID: PMC9110065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the dose-dependent risk of systemic corticosteroids (SCs) and the risk of other immunosuppressive therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, hospitalization, and death in patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU). Design A retrospective cohort study from January 20, 2020, to December 31, 2020 (an era before widespread COVID-19 vaccination), using the Optum Labs Data Warehouse, a US national de-identified claims database. Participants Patients who had at least 1 NIU diagnosis from January 1, 2017. Methods Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for each variable and COVID-19 outcome using Cox proportional hazards models, with time-updated dichotomous indicators for outpatient immunosuppressive medication exposure. To assess the dose-dependent effect of SC exposure, the average daily dose of prednisone over the exposed interval was included in the adjusted models as a continuous variable, in addition to the dichotomous variable. Main Outcome Measures Incidence rates of COVID-19 infection, COVID-19–related hospitalization, and COVID-19–related in-hospital death. Results This study included 52 286 NIU patients of whom 12 000 (23.0%) were exposed to immunosuppressive medications during the risk period. In adjusted models, exposure to SCs was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection (HR, 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19–3.24; P < 0.001), hospitalization (HR, 3.26; 95% CI, 2.46–4.33; P < 0.001), and in-hospital death (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 0.93–4.27; P = 0.08). Furthermore, incremental increases in the dosage of SCs were associated with a greater risk for these outcomes. Although tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of infection (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.08–2.04; P = 0.02), other immunosuppressive treatments did not increase the risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, or death. Conclusions This study from an era before widespread COVID-19 vaccination demonstrates that outpatient SC exposure is associated with greater risk of COVID-19 infection and severe outcomes in patients with NIU. Future studies should evaluate the impact of immunosuppression in vaccinated NIU patients. Limiting exposure to SCs and use of alternative therapies may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Sun
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - D Claire Miller
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Idara Akpandak
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Evan M Chen
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin F Arnold
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Nisha R Acharya
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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22
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MacDougall M, El-Hajj Sleiman J, Beauchemin P, Rangachari M. SARS-CoV-2 and Multiple Sclerosis: Potential for Disease Exacerbation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871276. [PMID: 35572514 PMCID: PMC9102605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While the respiratory tract is the primary route of entry for SARS-CoV-2, evidence shows that the virus also impacts the central nervous system. Intriguingly, case reports have documented SARS-CoV-2 patients presenting with demyelinating lesions in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve, suggesting possible implications in neuroimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and other related neuroimmune disorders. However, the cellular mechanisms underpinning these observations remain poorly defined. The goal of this paper was to review the literature to date regarding possible links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and neuroimmune demyelinating diseases such as MS and its related disorders, with the aim of positing a hypothesis for disease exacerbation. The literature suggests that SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and orthologous murine coronaviruses invade the CNS via the olfactory bulb, spreading to connected structures via retrograde transport. We hypothesize that a glial inflammatory response may contribute to damaged oligodendrocytes and blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, allowing a second route for CNS invasion and lymphocyte infiltration. Potential for molecular mimicry and the stimulation of autoreactive T cells against myelin is also described. It is imperative that further studies on SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion address the adverse effects of the virus on myelin and exacerbation of MS symptoms, as nearly 3 million people suffer from MS worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison MacDougall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, United States
- Department of Psychology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, United States
| | - Jad El-Hajj Sleiman
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Beauchemin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Manu Rangachari
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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23
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Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Majchrzak A, Kurkowska S, Małkowska P, Sierawska O, Hrynkiewicz R, Parczewski M. Immune Signature of COVID-19: In-Depth Reasons and Consequences of the Cytokine Storm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4545. [PMID: 35562935 PMCID: PMC9105989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the beginning of the third year of the fight against COVID-19, the virus remains at least still one step ahead in the pandemic "war". The key reasons are evolving lineages and mutations, resulting in an increase of transmissibility and ability to evade immune system. However, from the immunologic point of view, the cytokine storm (CS) remains a poorly understood and difficult to combat culprit of the extended number of in-hospital admissions and deaths. It is not fully clear whether the cytokine release is a harmful result of suppression of the immune system or a positive reaction necessary to clear the virus. To develop methods of appropriate treatment and therefore decrease the mortality of the so-called COVID-19-CS, we need to look deeply inside its pathogenesis, which is the purpose of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Majchrzak
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland; (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Sara Kurkowska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Paulina Małkowska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (P.M.); (O.S.); (R.H.)
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Olga Sierawska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (P.M.); (O.S.); (R.H.)
- Doctoral School, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Hrynkiewicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (P.M.); (O.S.); (R.H.)
| | - Miłosz Parczewski
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland; (A.M.); (M.P.)
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24
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Novel prognostic determinants of COVID-19-related mortality: A pilot study on severely-ill patients in Russia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264072. [PMID: 35213582 PMCID: PMC8880431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has posed a severe healthcare challenge calling for an integrated approach in determining the clues for early non-invasive diagnostics of the potentially severe cases and efficient patient stratification. Here we analyze the clinical, laboratory and CT scan characteristics associated with high risk of COVID-19-related death outcome in the cohort of severely-ill patients in Russia. The data obtained reveal that elevated dead lymphocyte counts, decreased early apoptotic lymphocytes, decreased CD14+/HLA-Dr+ monocytes, increased expression of JNK in PBMCs, elevated IL-17 and decreased PAI-1 serum levels are associated with a high risk of COVID-19-related mortality thus suggesting them to be new prognostic factors. This set of determinants could be used as early predictors of potentially severe course of COVID-19 for trials of prevention or timely treatment.
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25
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Kumboyono K, Chomsy IN, Iskandar A, Aryati A, Parwati I, Wihastuti TA. The Potential Predictive Role of Tumour Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-1β, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 for COVID-19 Patients Survival. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:821-829. [PMID: 35281571 PMCID: PMC8904436 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s348392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are early phase cytokines often encountered when the body is exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated-coronavirus-2. TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 are pro-inflammatory cytokines critical in the defence response against systemic infection and injury. Therefore, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 are the most aggressive responses to viral infections in the acute phase, so they can be used to determine the survival of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Purpose The study aimed to determine the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 as predictors of survival for COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on confirmed COVID-19 by a reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) in 84 adults admitted to the hospital in Indonesia. TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 level were measured from serum subjects using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results from logistic regression modelling of the survival status of COVID-19 patients based on TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 levels were significant (p-value=0.024). The predictors of all cytokines had P Wald <0.05, so the three cytokines could be used simultaneously to predict the survival status of COVID-19 patients. MCP-1 has the most dominant risk relative value (2.76; 95% CI; 2.53–4.68) compared to TNF-α and IL-1β in predicting patient survival. Conclusion TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 as markers of acute systemic inflammatory cytokines can be measured at the beginning of hospitalisation of COVID-19 patients for early diagnosis of disease severity so that healthcare professionals can determine clinical guidance needs for therapeutic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumboyono Kumboyono
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65151, Indonesia
| | - Indah Nur Chomsy
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Iskandar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Aryati Aryati
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia
| | - Ida Parwati
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Basic Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65151, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Titin Andri Wihastuti, Basic Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65151, Indonesia, Email
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26
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Gryczyńska W, Litvinov N, Bitew B, Bartosz Z, Kośmider W, Bogdański P, Skrypnik D. Excess Body Mass-A Factor Leading to the Deterioration of COVID-19 and Its Complications-A Narrative Review. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122427. [PMID: 34960696 PMCID: PMC8708912 DOI: 10.3390/v13122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the world is facing two serious pandemics: obesity and COVID-19. It is well-established that the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically, causing a deterioration in the health quality of the population and increasing susceptibility for the unfavourable course of acute infections. It has been observed that excess body mass significantly influences the COVID-19 outcome. The aim of this review is to present the latest scientific reports on the impact of excess body mass on the course and complications of COVID-19. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Only studies reporting patients stated to be COVID-19 positive based on the results of a nasopharyngeal swab and the ribonucleic acid test were included. It is shown that thromboembolic and ischemic complications, namely stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation, severe hyperglycaemia, and leukoencephalopathy are more likely to appear in COVID-19 positive patients with obesity compared to non-obese subjects. COVID-19 complications such as cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmias, endothelial dysfunction, acute kidney injury, dyslipidaemia, lung lesions and acute respiratory distress syndrome have a worse outcome among obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Gryczyńska
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Nikita Litvinov
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Bezawit Bitew
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
- Ethiopian Medical Students’ Association, Zambia Street, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9302, Ethiopia
| | - Zuzanna Bartosz
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Weronika Kośmider
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (W.G.); (N.L.); (B.B.); (Z.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Damian Skrypnik
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Heidari Nia M, Rokni M, Mirinejad S, Kargar M, Rahdar S, Sargazi S, Sarhadi M, Saravani R. Association of polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factors with SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality rate: A case-control study and in silico analyses. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1502-1512. [PMID: 34821383 PMCID: PMC9015227 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly and existing data has suggested a number of susceptibility factors for developing a severe course of the disease. The current case-control experiment is aimed to study the associations of genetic polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) with COVID-19 and its mortality rate. A total of 550 participants (275 subjects and 275 controls) were enrolled. The tetra-amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction technique was recruited to detect -308G>A TNFα and +252A>G TNFβ polymorphisms among the Iranian subjects. We demonstrated that carriers of the G allele of TNFβ-252A/G, rs909253 A>G were more frequent in COVID-19 subjects compared to the healthy group and this allele statistically increased the disease risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-1.96, p < 0.0001). At the same time, the A allele of TNFα-311A/G, rs1800629 G>A moderately decreased the risk of COVID-19 (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53-0.86, p < 0.002). Also, we analyzed the various genotypes regarding the para-clinical and disorder severity; we found that in the AA genotype of TNFβ-252A/G (rs909253 A>G), the computed tomography scan pattern was different in comparison to cases carrying the AG genotype with p1 < 0.001. In addition, in the severe cases of COVID-19, leukocyte and neutrophil count and duration of intensive care unit hospitalization in the deceased patients were significantly increased (p < 0.001). Moreover, the TNFα-311A/G (rs1800629 G>A) variant is likely to change the pattern of splicing factor sites. Our findings provided deep insights into the relationship between TNFα/TNFβ polymorphisms and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Replicated studies may give scientific evidence for exploring molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 in other ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Heidari Nia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maryam Kargar
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rahdar
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11177889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become global epidemics, especially during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential of medicinal plants as a better and safe option in treating obesity and overweight has gained attention in recent years. Obesity and overweight has become a major public health concern, and its incidence rising at an alarming rate. Obesity is one of the major types of metabolic syndrome, resulting in various types of problems such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and excess fat accumulation. The current searching was done by the keywords in main indexing systems including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, the search engine of Google Scholar, and Institute for Scientific Web of Science. The keywords were traditional medicine, health benefits, pharmaceutical science, pomegranate, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagitannins. Google Scholar was searched manually for possible missing manuscripts, and there was no language restriction in the search. This review was carried out to highlight the importance of medicinal plants which are common in traditional medicinal sciences of different countries, especially Asia to prevent and treatment of obesity and overweight during the global pandemic and the post-COVID-19 era.
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Lu ZH, Yu WL, Sun Y. Multiple immune function impairments in diabetic patients and their effects on COVID-19. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6969-6978. [PMID: 34540952 PMCID: PMC8409204 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i24.6969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, poses a significant threat to public health worldwide, and diabetes is considered a risk factor for the rapid progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Limited immune function is a clinical feature of COVID-19 patients, and diabetes patients have defects in innate and adaptive immune functions, which may be an important reason for the rapid progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. We review the possible multiple effects of immune impairment in diabetic patients on the immune responses to COVID-19 to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei-Li Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
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Maione F, Casillo GM, Raucci F, Salvatore C, Ambrosini G, Costa L, Scarpa R, Caso F, Bucci M. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A): A silent amplifier of COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111980. [PMID: 34364043 PMCID: PMC8318692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of COVID-19 is the cytokine storm that provokes primarily pneumonia followed by systemic inflammation. Emerging evidence has identified a potential link between elevated interleukin-17A (IL-17A) levels and disease severity and progression. Considering that per se, IL-17A can activate several inflammatory pathways, it is plausible to hypothesize an involvement of this cytokine in COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Thus, IL-17A could represent a marker of disease progression and/or a target to develop therapeutic strategies. This hypothesis paper aims to propose this "unique" cytokine as a silent amplifier of the COVID-19 immune response and (potentially) related therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Casillo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Raucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristian Salvatore
- New.Fa.DEm SRL, Viale Ferrovie Dello Stato, 1, 80014 Giugliano in Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ambrosini
- New.Fa.DEm SRL, Viale Ferrovie Dello Stato, 1, 80014 Giugliano in Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Costa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scarpa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Caso
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Rajput A, Thakur A, Rastogi A, Choudhury S, Kumar M. Computational identification of repurposed drugs against viruses causing epidemics and pandemics via drug-target network analysis. Comput Biol Med 2021; 136:104677. [PMID: 34332351 PMCID: PMC8299294 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Viral epidemics and pandemics are considered public health emergencies. However, traditional and novel antiviral discovery approaches are unable to mitigate them in a timely manner. Notably, drug repurposing emerged as an alternative strategy to provide antiviral solutions in a timely and cost-effective manner. In the literature, many FDA-approved drugs have been repurposed to inhibit viruses, while a few among them have also entered clinical trials. Using experimental data, we identified repurposed drugs against 14 viruses responsible for causing epidemics and pandemics such as SARS-CoV-2, SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome, influenza H1N1, Ebola, Zika, Nipah, chikungunya, and others. We developed a novel computational “drug-target-drug” approach that uses the drug-targets extracted for specific drugs, which are experimentally validated in vitro or in vivo for antiviral activity. Furthermore, these extracted drug-targets were used to fetch the novel FDA-approved drugs for each virus and prioritize them by calculating their confidence scores. Pathway analysis showed that the majority of the extracted targets are involved in cancer and signaling pathways. For SARS-CoV-2, our method identified 21 potential repurposed drugs, of which 7 (e.g., baricitinib, ramipril, chlorpromazine, enalaprilat, etc.) have already entered clinical trials. The prioritized drug candidates were further validated using a molecular docking approach. Therefore, we anticipate success during the experimental validation of our predicted FDA-approved repurposed drugs against 14 viruses. This study will assist the scientific community in hastening research aimed at the development of antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Rajput
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Anamika Thakur
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Amber Rastogi
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shubham Choudhury
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Zaccone G, Tomasoni D, Italia L, Lombardi CM, Metra M. Myocardial Involvement in COVID-19: an Interaction Between Comorbidities and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. A Further Indication of the Role of Inflammation. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:99-106. [PMID: 33890193 PMCID: PMC8062114 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular (CV) disease have a close relationship that emerged from the earliest reports. The aim of this review is to show the possible associations between COVID-19 and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). RECENT FINDINGS In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the prevalence of HFpEF is high, ranging from 4 to 16%, probably due to the shared cardio-metabolic risk profile. Indeed, comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease - known predictors of a severe course of COVID-19 - are major causes of HFpEF, too. COVID-19 may represent a precipitating factor leading to acute decompensation of HF in patients with known HFpEF and in those with subclinical diastolic dysfunction, which becomes overt. COVID-19 may also directly or indirectly affect the heart. In otherwise healthy patients, echocardiographic studies showed that the majority of COVID-19 patients present diastolic (rather than systolic) impairment, pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction. Such abnormalities are observed both in the acute or subacute phase of COVID-19. Cardiac magnetic resonance reveals myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in up to the 78% of patients in the chronic phase of the disease. These findings suggest that COVID-19 might be a novel independent risk factor for the development of HFpEF, through the activation of a systemic pro-inflammatory state. Follow-up studies are urgently needed to better understand long-term sequelae of COVID-19 inflammatory cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Zaccone
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Italia
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Mario Lombardi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Demeulemeester F, de Punder K, van Heijningen M, van Doesburg F. Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 and Complications: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:933. [PMID: 33920604 PMCID: PMC8073853 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that obesity is a major risk factor for the progression of major complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storm and coagulopathy in COVID-19. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the link between obesity and disease severity as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for the development of new therapeutic interventions and preventive measures in this high-risk group. We propose that multiple features of obesity contribute to the prevalence of severe COVID-19 and complications. First, viral entry can be facilitated by the upregulation of viral entry receptors, like angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), among others. Second, obesity-induced chronic inflammation and disruptions of insulin and leptin signaling can result in impaired viral clearance and a disproportionate or hyper-inflammatory response, which together with elevated ferritin levels can be a direct cause for ARDS and cytokine storm. Third, the negative consequences of obesity on blood coagulation can contribute to the progression of thrombus formation and hemorrhage. In this review we first summarize clinical findings on the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 disease severity and then further discuss potential mechanisms that could explain the risk for major complications in patients suffering from obesity.
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Sharma JR, Yadav UCS. COVID-19 severity in obese patients: Potential mechanisms and molecular targets for clinical intervention. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:163-171. [PMID: 33509701 PMCID: PMC7816622 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, millions of people have been affected leading to the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic by the WHO. Several studies have linked the severity of COVID-19 cases and increased fatality in patients with obesity and other comorbid conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and kidney disease. Obesity, a metabolically deranged condition, establishes a low-grade chronic inflammation in the body, which affects different organs and promotes the development of several other diseases. The ways in which SARS-CoV-2 infection aggravates the already overloaded body organs with inflammation or vice versa has perplexed the researchers. As a result, there is an intensified search for the clear-cut mechanism to understand the link of obesity with the increased severity of COVID-19 in obese patients. In this article we have discussed various mechanisms linking obesity, inflammation, and COVID-19 to enhance the understanding of the disease process and help the clinicians and scientists develop potential cellular, molecular and metabolic targets for clinical intervention and management of COVID-19 severity in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiten R Sharma
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector 30, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Marques CDL, Kakehasi AM, Pinheiro MM, Mota LMH, Albuquerque CP, Silva CR, Santos GPJ, Reis-Neto ET, Matos P, Devide G, Dantas A, Giorgi RD, Marinho ADO, Valadares LDA, Melo AKG, Ribeiro FM, Ferreira GA, Santos FPDS, Ribeiro SLE, Andrade NPB, Yazbek MA, Souza VAD, Paiva ES, Azevedo VF, Freitas ABSBD, Provenza JR, Toledo RAD, Fontenelle S, Carneiro S, Xavier R, Pileggi GCS, Reis APMG. High levels of immunosuppression are related to unfavourable outcomes in hospitalised patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19: first results of ReumaCoV Brasil registry. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001461. [PMID: 33510041 PMCID: PMC7844930 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate risk factors associated with unfavourable outcomes: emergency care, hospitalisation, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation and death in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and COVID-19. METHODS Analysis of the first 8 weeks of observational multicentre prospective cohort study (ReumaCoV Brasil register). Patients with IMRD and COVID-19 according to the Ministry of Health criteria were classified as eligible for the study. RESULTS 334 participants were enrolled, a majority of them women, with a median age of 45 years; systemic lupus erythematosus (32.9%) was the most frequent IMRD. Emergency care was required in 160 patients, 33.0% were hospitalised, 15.0% were admitted to the ICU and 10.5% underwent mechanical ventilation; 28 patients (8.4%) died. In the multivariate adjustment model for emergency care, diabetes (prevalence ratio, PR 1.38; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.73; p=0.004), kidney disease (PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.77; p=0.020), oral glucocorticoids (GC) (PR 1.49; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.85; p<0.001) and pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (PR 1.38; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.67; p=0.001) remained significant; for hospitalisation, age >50 years (PR 1.89; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.85; p=0.002), no use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) (PR 2.51;95% CI 1.16 to 5.45; p=0.004) and methylprednisolone pulse therapy (PR 2.50; 95% CI 1.59 to 3.92; p<0.001); for ICU admission, oral GC (PR 2.24; 95% CI 1.36 to 3.71; p<0.001) and pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (PR 1.65; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.68; p<0.043); the two variables associated with death were pulse therapy with methylprednisolone or cyclophosphamide (PR 2.86; 95% CI 1.59 to 5.14; p<0.018). CONCLUSIONS Age >50 years and immunosuppression with GC and cyclophosphamide were associated with unfavourable outcomes of COVID-19. Treatment with TNFi may have been protective, perhaps leading to the COVID-19 inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Maria Kakehasi
- Musculoskeletal System Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Matos
- Rheumatology, Unifesp EPM, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Dantas
- Hospital das Clinicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Karla G Melo
- Rheumatology, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo S Paiva
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal do Paraná Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Valderilio Feijo Azevedo
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal do Paraná Hospital de Clínicas, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Acayaba de Toledo
- Rheumatology, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Hospital de Base), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Sueli Carneiro
- Rheumatology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Xavier
- Rheumatology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Yu F, Zhu J, Lei M, Wang C, Xie K, Xu F, Lin S. Exploring the metabolic phenotypes associated with different host inflammation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from lung metabolomics in mice. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8971. [PMID: 33049802 PMCID: PMC7646044 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolomics of lung with different host inflammation of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for the identification of biomarkers for predicting severity under different inflammatory conditions. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-intratracheal injection induced acute lung injury (ALI) were used. A mouse model was used to explore lung metabolomic biomarkers in ALI/ARDS. The splenectomy model was used as an auxiliary method to distinguish between hyper- and hypo-inflammatory subtypes. Plasma, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from mice after CLP/LPS. The severity of lung injury was evaluated. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice serum and lung was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymer chain reaction (PCR). Polymorphonuclear cells in BALF were counted. The lung metabolites were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the metabolic pathways predicted using the KEGG database. RESULTS The LPS/CLP-Splen group had more severe lung injury than the corresponding ALI group; that in the CLP-Splen group was more serious than in the LPS-Splen group. TNF-α expression was significantly elevated in the serum and lung tissue after LPS or CLP, and higher in the LPS/CLP-Splen group than in the corresponding ALI group. The level of TNF-α in the CLP-Splen group was elevated significantly over that in the LPS-Splen group. Both these groups also showed significant neutrophil exudation within the lungs. During differential inflammation, more differential metabolites were detected in the lungs of the CLP group ALI mice than in the LPS group. A total of 41 compounds were detected in the lungs of the CLP and CLP-Splen groups. Contrastingly, eight compounds were detected in the lungs of the LPS and LPS-Splen groups. The LPS-Splen and CLP-Splen groups had significant neutrophil exudation in the lung. Random forest analysis of lung-targeted metabolomics data indicated 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ACPC), cis-aconitic acid, and hydroxybenzoic acid as strong predictors of the hyper-inflammatory subgroup in the CLP group. Furthermore, with splenectomy, 13 differential metabolic pathways between the CLP and LPS groups were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Hyper-inflammatory subgroups of ARDS have a greater inflammatory response and a more active lung metabolism. Combined with the host inflammation background, biomarkers from metabolomics could help evaluate the response severity of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Department of Critical Care MedicineChangshou People's HospitalChongqing401220China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Chuan‐jiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Shi‐hui Lin
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
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Gu YY, Zhang M, Cen H, Wu YF, Lu Z, Lu F, Liu XS, Lan HY. Quercetin as a potential treatment for COVID-19-induced acute kidney injury: Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245209. [PMID: 33444408 PMCID: PMC7808608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidneys are one of the targets for SARS-CoV-2, it is reported that up to 36% of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection would develop into acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is associated with high mortality in the clinical setting and contributes to the transition of AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Up to date, the underlying mechanisms are obscure and there is no effective and specific treatment for COVID-19-induced AKI. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms and interactions between Quercetin and SARS-CoV-2 targets proteins by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The renal protective effects of Quercetin on COVID-19-induced AKI may be associated with the blockade of the activation of inflammatory, cell apoptosis-related signaling pathways. Quercetin may also serve as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor by binding with the active sites of SARS-CoV-2 main protease 3CL and ACE2, therefore suppressing the functions of the proteins to cut the viral life cycle. In conclusion, Quercetin may be a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19-induced AKI. Inhibition of inflammatory, cell apoptosis-related signaling pathways may be the critical mechanisms by which Quercetin protects kidney from SARS-CoV-2 injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu Gu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Cen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HYL); (XSL)
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (HYL); (XSL)
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