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Ye W, Han K, Xie M, Li S, Chen G, Wang Y, Li T. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Physiological adaption, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:936-948. [PMID: 38527931 PMCID: PMC11046025 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as abnormal structure and function of the heart in the setting of diabetes, which could eventually develop heart failure and leads to the death of the patients. Although blood glucose control and medications to heart failure show beneficial effects on this disease, there is currently no specific treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Over the past few decades, the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy has been extensively studied, and an increasing number of studies pinpoint that impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is a key mediator as well as a therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the latest research in the field of diabetic cardiomyopathy, focusing on mitochondrial damage and adaptation, altered energy substrates, and potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy may help to gain more mechanistic insights and generate more precise mitochondria-oriented therapies to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Maodi Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Center, MAGIC China Center, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Jia G, Bai H, Mather B, Hill MA, Jia G, Sowers JR. Diabetic Vasculopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:804. [PMID: 38255878 PMCID: PMC10815704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical and basic studies have documented that both hyperglycemia and insulin-resistance/hyperinsulinemia not only constitute metabolic disorders contributing to cardiometabolic syndrome, but also predispose to diabetic vasculopathy, which refers to diabetes-mellitus-induced microvascular and macrovascular complications, including retinopathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and peripheral artery disease. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms include inappropriate activation of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system, mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and thrombosis. These abnormalities collectively promote metabolic disorders and further promote diabetic vasculopathy. Recent evidence has revealed that endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and the abnormal release of extracellular vesicles and their carried microRNAs also contribute to the development and progression of diabetic vasculopathy. Therefore, clinical control and treatment of diabetes mellitus, as well as the development of novel therapeutic strategies are crucial in preventing cardiometabolic syndrome and related diabetic vasculopathy. The present review focuses on the relationship between insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in diabetic vasculopathy and related cardiovascular disease, highlighting epidemiology and clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and molecular mechanisms, as well as management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jia
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hetty Bai
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Bethany Mather
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R. Sowers
- Department of Medicine—Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; (G.J.); (H.B.); (B.M.)
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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3
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Lin Z, He X, Lin M, Chen L. Triglyceride-glucose index on risk of adverse events after drug-coated balloon angioplasty. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:184. [PMID: 37898751 PMCID: PMC10613374 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenetic mechanism of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is associated with insulin resistance (IR), which serves as a metabolic risk factor. As a novel indication for IR, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index may predict cardiovascular disease outcomes. METHODS In current study, a cohort of 157 individuals with newly developed de novo lesions who received DCB angioplasty between January 2017 and May 2021 were included. The midterm follow-up clinical results consisted of the presence of vessel-oriented composite endpoint (VOCE). The baseline TyG index was divided into three groups by tertiles. This study compared various clinical characteristics and parameters among different groups during DCB angioplasty. A multivariate Cox regression model was built to investigate the potential predictors. RESULTS Higher TyG index indicated an increased risk of VOCE according to the adjusted model (HR = 4.0, 95%Cl: 1.0-15.4, P = 0.047). A non-linear correlation was uncovered between the index and VOCE from the smooth curve. Based on Kaplan-Meier curve, individuals in the highest TyG index group were more likely to develop VOCE (P < 0.05 for log-rank). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of VOCE was shown to be independently and positively correlated with an elevated TyG index in individuals with de novo coronary lesions who received DCB angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, NO.29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, NO.29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Maosen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, NO.29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, NO.29, Xinquan Road, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
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Chen Y, Yu X, Yan Z, Zhang S, Zhang J, Guo W. Role of epithelial sodium channel-related inflammation in human diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178410. [PMID: 37559717 PMCID: PMC10407551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a heterotrimer and is widely distributed throughout the kidneys, blood vessels, lungs, colons, and many other organs. The basic role of the ENaC is to mediate the entry of Na+ into cells; the ENaC also has an important regulatory function in blood pressure, airway surface liquid (ASL), and endothelial cell function. Aldosterone, serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1), shear stress, and posttranslational modifications can regulate the activity of the ENaC; some ion channels also interact with the ENaC. In recent years, it has been found that the ENaC can lead to immune cell activation, endothelial cell dysfunction, aggravated inflammation involved in high salt-induced hypertension, cystic fibrosis, pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA), and tumors; some inflammatory cytokines have been reported to have a regulatory role on the ENaC. The ENaC hyperfunction mediates the increase of intracellular Na+, and the elevated exchange of Na+ with Ca2+ leads to an intracellular calcium overload, which is an important mechanism for ENaC-related inflammation. Some of the research on the ENaC is controversial or unclear; we therefore reviewed the progress of studies on the role of ENaC-related inflammation in human diseases and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Organ Transplantation (Liver &Kidney Transplantation) Physician Training Centre, Zhengzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Treatment Centre of Henan Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Organ Transplantation (Liver &Kidney Transplantation) Physician Training Centre, Zhengzhou, China
- National Regional Medical Treatment Centre of Henan Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Henan Organ Transplantation Centre, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering and Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
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Liao CW, Lin YT, Tsai CH, Chang YY, Chen ZW, Lu CC, Pan CT, Chang CC, Lee BC, Chiu YW, Huang WC, Huang KH, Lai TS, Hung CS, Wu VC, Wu XM, Lin YH. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment improved arterial stiffness in patients with primary aldosteronism: a cohort study compared with adrenalectomy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2023; 14:20406223221143233. [PMID: 36687666 PMCID: PMC9846303 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221143233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated arterial stiffness in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) can be reversed after adrenalectomy; however, the effect of medical treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRAs) is unknown. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MRAs and compare both treatment strategies on arterial stiffness in PA patients. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods We prospectively enrolled PA patients from 2006 to 2019 who received either adrenalectomy or MRA treatment (spironolactone). We compared their baseline and 1-year post-treatment biochemistry characteristics and arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) to verify the effects of treatment and related determinant factors. Results A total 459 PA patients were enrolled. After 1:1 propensity score matching for age, sex and blood pressure (BP), each group had 176 patients. The major determinant factors of baseline PWV were age and baseline BP. The adrenalectomy group had greater improvements in BP, serum potassium level, plasma aldosterone concentration, and aldosterone-to-renin ratio. The MRA group had a significant improvement in PWV after 1 year of treatment (1706.2 ± 340.05 to 1613.6 ± 349.51 cm/s, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in post-treatment PWV (p = 0.173) and improvement in PWV (p = 0.579) between the adrenalectomy and MRA groups. The determinant factors for an improvement in PWV after treatment were hypertension duration, baseline PWV, and the decrease in BP. Conclusion The PA patients who received medical treatment with MRAs had a significant improvement in arterial stiffness. There was no significant difference in the improvement in arterial stiffness between the two treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National
Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei
| | - Yen-Tin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan
General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National
Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of
Medicine, Taipei
| | | | - Zheng-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National
Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu
| | - Ching-Chu Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan
University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine,
Taipei
| | - Chien-Ting Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National
Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu
| | - Chin-Chen Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan
University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Bo-Ching Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan
University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Yu-Wei Chiu
- Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical
Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal
Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan
University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine,
Taipei
| | - Tai-Shuan Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National
Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of
Medicine, Taipei
| | - Chi-Shen Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National
Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of
Medicine, Taipei
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National
Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of
Medicine, Taipei
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Yan P, Ke B, Fang X. Ion channels as a therapeutic target for renal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1019028. [PMID: 36277193 PMCID: PMC9581181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1019028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ion channel transport and electrolyte disturbances play an important role in the process of functional impairment and fibrosis in the kidney. It is well known that there are limited effective drugs for the treatment of renal fibrosis, and since a large number of ion channels are involved in the renal fibrosis process, understanding the mechanisms of ion channel transport and the complex network of signaling cascades between them is essential to identify potential therapeutic approaches to slow down renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the current work of ion channels in renal fibrosis. We pay close attention to the effect of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), transmembrane Member 16A (TMEM16A) and other Cl− channel mediated signaling pathways and ion concentrations on fibrosis, as well as the various complex mechanisms for the action of Ca2+ handling channels including Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ channel (CRAC), purinergic receptor, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Furthermore, we also focus on the contribution of Na+ transport such as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), Na+, K+-ATPase, Na+-H+ exchangers, and K+ channels like Ca2+-activated K+ channels, voltage-dependent K+ channel, ATP-sensitive K+ channels on renal fibrosis. Proposed potential therapeutic approaches through further dissection of these mechanisms may provide new therapeutic opportunities to reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease.
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7
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Hwang HJ, Kim N, Herman AB, Gorospe M, Lee JS. Factors and Pathways Modulating Endothelial Cell Senescence in Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710135. [PMID: 36077539 PMCID: PMC9456027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging causes a progressive decline in the structure and function of organs. With advancing age, an accumulation of senescent endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to the risk of developing vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. Senescent ECs undergo phenotypic changes that alter the pattern of expressed proteins, as well as their morphologies and functions, and have been linked to vascular impairments, such as aortic stiffness, enhanced inflammation, and dysregulated vascular tone. Numerous molecules and pathways, including sirtuins, Klotho, RAAS, IGFBP, NRF2, and mTOR, have been implicated in promoting EC senescence. This review summarizes the molecular players and signaling pathways driving EC senescence and identifies targets with possible therapeutic value in age-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Hwang
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Allison B. Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Paudel P, van Hout I, Bunton RW, Parry DJ, Coffey S, McDonald FJ, Fronius M. Epithelial Sodium Channel δ Subunit Is Expressed in Human Arteries and Has Potential Association With Hypertension. Hypertension 2022; 79:1385-1394. [PMID: 35510563 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated expression and increased activity of vascular epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) can result in vascular dysfunction in small animal models. However, there is limited or no knowledge on expression and function of ENaC channels in human vasculature. Hence, this study explored the expression and function of ENaC in human arteries and their association with hypertension. METHODS Human internal mammary artery (IMA) and aorta were obtained from cardiovascular patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Expression of the ENaC subunit was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. ENaC function was observed by patch-clamp electrophysiology in endothelial cells isolated from IMA. Levels of ENaC subunit expression levels were compared between arteries from normotensive, uncontrolled hypertensive, and controlled hypertensive patients. RESULTS For the first time, expression of α, β, γ, and δ was detected at mRNA and protein levels in human IMA and aorta. Single-channel patch-clamp recordings identified both αβγ- and δβγ-like channel conductance in primary endothelial cells isolated and cultured from IMA. Reduced expression of the δ subunit was observed in controlled hypertensive IMA, whereas reduced expression of γ-ENaC was observed in controlled hypertensive aorta. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that functional ENaC channels are expressed in human arteries and their expression levels are associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Paudel
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences (P.P., I.v.H., F.J.M., M.F.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,HeartOtago (P.P., I.v.H., S.C., M.F.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle van Hout
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences (P.P., I.v.H., F.J.M., M.F.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,HeartOtago (P.P., I.v.H., S.C., M.F.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard W Bunton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otago Medical School, Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand (R.W.B., D.J.P.)
| | - Dominic J Parry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otago Medical School, Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand (R.W.B., D.J.P.)
| | - Sean Coffey
- HeartOtago (P.P., I.v.H., S.C., M.F.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School (S.C.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fiona J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences (P.P., I.v.H., F.J.M., M.F.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Martin Fronius
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences (P.P., I.v.H., F.J.M., M.F.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,HeartOtago (P.P., I.v.H., S.C., M.F.), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Vasques‐Nóvoa F, Angélico‐Gonçalves A, Alvarenga JM, Nobrega J, Cerqueira RJ, Mancio J, Leite‐Moreira AF, Roncon‐Albuquerque R. Myocardial oedema: pathophysiological basis and implications for the failing heart. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:958-976. [PMID: 35150087 PMCID: PMC8934951 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fluid homeostasis relies on a complex interplay between microvascular filtration, interstitial hydration, cardiomyocyte water uptake and lymphatic removal. Dysregulation of one or more of these mechanisms may result in myocardial oedema. Interstitial and intracellular fluid accumulation disrupts myocardial architecture, intercellular communication, and metabolic pathways, decreasing contractility and increasing myocardial stiffness. The widespread use of cardiac magnetic resonance enabled the identification of myocardial oedema as a clinically relevant imaging finding with prognostic implications in several types of heart failure. Furthermore, growing experimental evidence has contributed to a better understanding of the physical and molecular interactions in the microvascular barrier, myocardial interstitium and lymphatics and how they might be disrupted in heart failure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the factors controlling myocardial water balance in the healthy and failing heart and pinpoint the new potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vasques‐Nóvoa
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - António Angélico‐Gonçalves
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - José M.G. Alvarenga
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - João Nobrega
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - Rui J. Cerqueira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - Jennifer Mancio
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - Adelino F. Leite‐Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - Roberto Roncon‐Albuquerque
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
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10
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Potere N, Del Buono MG, Vecchié A, Porreca E, Abbate A, Dentali F, Bonaventura A. Diabetes mellitus and heart failure: an update on pathophysiology and therapy. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2022; 70:344-356. [PMID: 35212512 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.22.05967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequent among heart failure (HF) patients with a further projected increase in prevalence in next years. DM promotes the development of both HF with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) through different mechanisms. As the general prevalence of both DM and HF is growing worldwide, it is important to define the pathophysiologic mechanisms driving the development of HF in DM patients. These include changes in the cardiac metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment in insulin signaling, maladaptive inflammation, coronary microvascular dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy suppression, and structural changes, among the main ones. In recent years, novel glucose-lowering treatments, especially sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is), have shown a strikingly positive impact on the natural history of HF. This has led to a progressive change in choosing SGLT-2is in DM patients at high risk for CV disease, supported by recent guidelines. The knowledge about novel pathophysiological mechanisms linking DM and HF may open the way to the development of new targeted therapies in the future. In this review, we will summarize general aspects dealing with incidence, prevalence, and pathophysiology of DM in HF patients. As well, we discuss the therapeutic targets to reduce the disease burden and the current evidence of glucose-lowering drugs in patients with DM and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Potere
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences and Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco G Del Buono
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vecchié
- Medicina Generale 1, Medical Center, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Ettore Porreca
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences and Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesco Dentali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- Medicina Generale 1, Medical Center, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy -
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11
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Chu PM, Yu CC, Tsai KL, Hsieh PL. Regulation of Oxidative Stress by Long Non-Coding RNAs in Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020274. [PMID: 35207562 PMCID: PMC8877270 DOI: 10.3390/life12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a well-known metabolic disorder with numerous complications, such as macrovascular diseases (e.g., coronary heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease), microvascular diseases (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic cataract), and neuropathy. Multiple contributing factors are implicated in these complications, and the accumulation of oxidative stress is one of the critical ones. Several lines of evidence have suggested that oxidative stress may induce epigenetic modifications that eventually contribute to diabetic vascular complications. As one kind of epigenetic regulator involved in various disorders, non-coding RNAs have received great attention over the past few years. Non-coding RNAs can be roughly divided into short (such as microRNAs; ~21–25 nucleotides) or long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; >200 nucleotides). In this review, we briefly discussed the research regarding the roles of various lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, MEG3, GAS5, SNHG16, CASC2, HOTAIR, in the development of diabetic vascular complications in response to the stimulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Mittal A, Garg R, Bahl A, Khullar M. Molecular Mechanisms and Epigenetic Regulation in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:725532. [PMID: 34977165 PMCID: PMC8716459 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.725532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important lifestyle disease. Type 2 diabetes is one of the prime contributors to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) and leads to increased morbidity and mortality in patients with DM. DbCM is a typical cardiac disease, characterized by cardiac remodeling in the presence of DM and in the absence of other comorbidities such as hypertension, valvular diseases, and coronary artery disease. DbCM is associated with defective cardiac metabolism, altered mitochondrial structure and function, and other physiological and pathophysiological signaling mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial apoptosis, and autophagy. Epigenetic modifiers are crucial players in the pathogenesis of DbCM. Thus, it is important to explore the role of epigenetic modifiers or modifications in regulating molecular pathways associated with DbCM. In this review, we have discussed the role of various epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications (acetylation and methylation), DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs in modulating molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of the DbCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Mittal
- Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajni Garg
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Bahl
- Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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13
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Zhang J, Yuan HK, Chen S, Zhang ZR. Detrimental or beneficial: Role of endothelial ENaC in vascular function. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:29-48. [PMID: 34279047 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past, it was believed that the expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) was restricted to epithelial tissues, such as the distal nephron, airway, sweat glands, and colon, where it is critical for sodium homeostasis. Over the past two decades, this paradigm has shifted due to the finding that ENaC is also expressed in various nonepithelial tissues, notably in vascular endothelial cells. In this review, the recent findings of the expression, regulation, and function of the endothelial ENaC (EnNaC) are discussed. The expression of EnNaC subunits is reported in a variety of endothelial cell lines and vasculatures, but this is controversial across different species and vessels and is not a universal finding in all vascular beds. The expression density of EnNaC is very faint compared to ENaC in the epithelium. To date, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of EnNaC. Through it can be regulated by aldosterone, the detailed downstream signaling remains elusive. EnNaC responds to increased extracellular sodium with the feedforward activation mechanism, which is quite different from the Na+ self-inhibition mechanism of ENaC. Functionally, EnNaC was shown to be a determinant of cellular mechanics and vascular tone as it can sense shear stress, and its activation or insertion into plasma membrane causes endothelial stiffness and reduced nitric oxide production. However, in some blood vessels, EnNaC is essential for maintaining the integrity of endothelial barrier function. In this context, we discuss the possible reasons for the distinct role of EnNaC in vasculatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Kai Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacy and Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder & Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University & Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin, China
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14
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Hill MA, Yang Y, Zhang L, Sun Z, Jia G, Parrish AR, Sowers JR. Insulin resistance, cardiovascular stiffening and cardiovascular disease. Metabolism 2021; 119:154766. [PMID: 33766485 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) and obesity are typically characterized by a state of metabolic insulin resistance. As global and US rates of obesity increase there is an acceleration of the incidence and prevalence of insulin resistance along with associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). Under physiological conditions insulin regulates glucose homeostasis by enhancing glucose disposal in insulin sensitive tissues while also regulating delivery of nutrients through its vasodilation actions on small feed arteries. Specifically, insulin-mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) from the vascular endothelium leads to increased blood flow enhancing disposal of glucose. Typically, insulin resistance is considered as a decrease in sensitivity or responsiveness to the metabolic actions of insulin including insulin-mediated glucose disposal. However, a decreased sensitivity to the normal vascular actions of insulin, especially diminished nitric oxide production, plays an additional important role in the development of CVD in states of insulin resistance. One mechanism by which insulin resistance and attendant hyperinsulinemia promote CVD is via increases in vascular stiffness. Although obesity and insulin resistance are known to be associated with substantial increases in the prevalence of vascular fibrosis and stiffness the mechanisms and mediators that underlie vascular stiffening in insulin resistant states are complex and have only recently begun to be addressed. Current evidence supports the role of increased plasma levels of aldosterone and insulin and attendant reductions in bioavailable NO in the pathogenesis of impaired vascular relaxation and vascular stiffness in the CMS and obesity. Aldosterone and insulin both increase the activity of serum and glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK-1) which in turn is a major regulator of vascular and renal sodium (Na+) channel activity.The importance of SGK-1 in the pathogenesis of the CMS is highlighted by observations that gain of function mutations in SGK-1 in humans promotes hypertension, insulin resistance and obesity. In endothelial cells, an increase in Na+ flux contributes to remodeling of the cytoskeleton, reduced NO bioavailability and vascular stiffening. Thus, endothelial SGK-1 may represent a point of convergence for insulin and aldosterone signaling in arterial stiffness associated with obesity and the CMS. This review examines our contemporary understanding of the link between insulin resistance and increased vascular stiffness with emphasis placed on a role for enhanced SGK-1 signaling as a key node in this pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Liping Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Alan R Parrish
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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15
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Sakima A, Arima H, Matayoshi T, Ishida A, Ohya Y. Effect of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade on Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Function: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Hypertension 2021; 77:929-937. [PMID: 33461316 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of pharmacological therapy for arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, which are predictors/therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases, only a few overall quantitative evaluations of MRAs (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) exist. We searched PubMed and Cochrane CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for randomized trials evaluating MRA effects on arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) or augmentation index and endothelial function measured by flow-mediated dilation. Data from the included trials were pooled by using random-effects meta-analysis of the weighted mean difference (MD) between the comparator groups. The primary outcome was the MD of PWV. In 11 trials including 515 patients, the MRA treatment reduced the PWV when compared with control (MD, -0.75 m/s [95% CI, -1.12 to -0.39], P<0.00001), without heterogeneity. There were comparable effects of MRA on carotid-femoral PWV and those on other forms of PWV (P=0.705 for heterogeneity). The effects of MRA on PWV were independent of blood pressure reduction related to the treatment according to meta-regression analysis. The MRA treatment reduced the augmentation index compared with control in 5 trials including 283 patients (MD, -6.74% [95% CI, -10.26 to -3.21], P=0.0002) and increased the flow-mediated dilation in 11 trials including 570 patients (MD, 1.18% [95% CI, 0.14 to 2.23], P=0.03). In conclusion, the current meta-analysis demonstrates the beneficial effects of MRA on PWV, augmentation index, and flow-mediated dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakima
- From the Health Administration Center (A.S.), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.A.)
| | - Tetsutaro Matayoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology, and Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine (A.S., T.M., A.I., Y.O.), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Doctors Career Support Center, University Hospital of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Akio Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology, and Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine (A.S., T.M., A.I., Y.O.), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology, and Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine (A.S., T.M., A.I., Y.O.), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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16
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Haye A, Ansari MA, Rahman SO, Shamsi Y, Ahmed D, Sharma M. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase on cardio-metabolic abnormalities in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy: A molecular landscape. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173376. [PMID: 32810493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a descriptive pathology that in absence of co-morbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia initially characterized by cardiac stiffness, myocardial fibrosis, ventricular hypertrophy, and remodeling. These abnormalities further contribute to diastolic dysfunctions followed by systolic dysfunctions and eventually results in clinical heart failure (HF). The clinical outcomes associated with HF are considerably worse in patients with diabetes. The complexity of the pathogenesis and clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy raises serious questions in developing a therapeutic strategy to manage cardio-metabolic abnormalities. Despite extensive research in the past decade the compelling approaches to manage and treat diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), a serine-threonine kinase, often referred to as cellular "metabolic master switch". During the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, a plethora of evidence demonstrate the beneficial role of AMPK on cardio-metabolic abnormalities including altered substrate utilization, impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation, increased accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, impaired cardiac calcium handling, maladaptive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endoplasmic reticulum stress, myocardial fibrosis, ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac apoptosis, and impaired autophagy. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies and provided a collective overview of the pathophysiological mechanism and the regulatory role of AMPK on cardio-metabolic abnormalities during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haye
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Asif Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Yasmeen Shamsi
- Department of Moalejat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Danish Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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17
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Hill MA, Jaisser F, Sowers JR. Role of the vascular endothelial sodium channel activation in the genesis of pathologically increased cardiovascular stiffness. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 118:130-140. [PMID: 33188592 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) stiffening represents a complex series of events evolving from pathological changes in individual cells of the vasculature and heart which leads to overt tissue fibrosis. While vascular stiffening occurs naturally with ageing it is accelerated in states of insulin (INS) resistance, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. CV stiffening is clinically manifested as increased arterial pulse wave velocity and myocardial fibrosis-induced diastolic dysfunction. A key question that remains is how are these events mechanistically linked. In this regard, heightened activation of vascular mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and hyperinsulinaemia occur in obesity and INS resistance states. Further, a downstream mediator of MR and INS receptor activation, the endothelial cell Na+ channel (EnNaC), has recently been identified as a key molecular determinant of endothelial dysfunction and CV fibrosis and stiffening. Increased activity of the EnNaC results in a number of negative consequences including stiffening of the cortical actin cytoskeleton in endothelial cells, impaired endothelial NO release, increased oxidative stress-meditated NO destruction, increased vascular permeability, and stimulation of an inflammatory environment. Such endothelial alterations impact vascular function and stiffening through regulation of vascular tone and stimulation of tissue remodelling including fibrosis. In the case of the heart, obesity and INS resistance are associated with coronary vascular endothelial stiffening and associated reductions in bioavailable NO leading to heart failure with preserved systolic function (HFpEF). After a brief discussion on mechanisms leading to vascular stiffness per se, this review then focuses on recent findings regarding the role of INS and aldosterone to enhance EnNaC activity and associated CV stiffness in obesity/INS resistance states. Finally, we discuss how coronary artery-mediated EnNaC activation may lead to cardiac fibrosis and HFpEF, a condition that is especially pronounced in obese and diabetic females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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18
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Sowers JR, Habibi J, Jia G, Bostick B, Manrique-Acevedo C, Lastra G, Yang Y, Chen D, Sun Z, Domeier TL, Durante W, Whaley-Connell AT, Hill MA, Jaisser F, DeMarco VG, Aroor AR. Endothelial sodium channel activation promotes cardiac stiffness and diastolic dysfunction in Western diet fed female mice. Metabolism 2020; 109:154223. [PMID: 32275972 PMCID: PMC7676474 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with myocardial fibrosis and impaired diastolic relaxation, abnormalities that are especially prevalent in women. Normal coronary vascular endothelial function is integral in mediating diastolic relaxation, and recent work suggests increased activation of the endothelial cell (EC) mineralocorticoid receptor (ECMR) is associated with impaired diastolic relaxation. As the endothelial Na+ channel (EnNaC) is a downstream target of the ECMR, we sought to determine whether EC-specific deletion of the critical alpha subunit, αEnNaC, would prevent diet induced-impairment of diastolic relaxation in female mice. METHODS AND MATERIALS Female αEnNaC KO mice and littermate controls were fed a Western diet (WD) high in fat (46%), fructose corn syrup (17.5%) and sucrose (17.5%) for 12-16 weeks. Measurements were conducted for in vivo cardiac function, in vitro cardiomyocyte stiffness and EnNaC activity in primary cultured ECs. Additional biochemical studies examined indicators of oxidative stress, including aspects of antioxidant Nrf2 signaling, in cardiac tissue. RESULTS Deletion of αEnNaC in female mice fed a WD significantly attenuated WD mediated impairment in diastolic relaxation. Improved cardiac relaxation was accompanied by decreased EnNaC-mediated Na+ currents in ECs and reduced myocardial oxidative stress. Further, deletion of αEnNaC prevented WD-mediated increases in isolated cardiomyocyte stiffness. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings support the notion that WD feeding in female mice promotes activation of EnNaC in the vasculature leading to increased cardiomyocyte stiffness and diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Brian Bostick
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guido Lastra
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Dongqing Chen
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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19
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Microvascular and lymphatic dysfunction in HFpEF and its associated comorbidities. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:39. [PMID: 32451732 PMCID: PMC7248044 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex heterogeneous disease for which our pathophysiological understanding is still limited and specific prevention and treatment strategies are lacking. HFpEF is characterised by diastolic dysfunction and cardiac remodelling (fibrosis, inflammation, and hypertrophy). Recently, microvascular dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation have been proposed to participate in HFpEF development. Furthermore, several recent studies demonstrated the occurrence of generalized lymphatic dysfunction in experimental models of risk factors for HFpEF, including obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and aging. Here, we review the evidence for a combined role of coronary (micro)vascular dysfunction and lymphatic vessel alterations in mediating key pathological steps in HFpEF, including reduced cardiac perfusion, chronic low-grade inflammation, and myocardial oedema, and their impact on cardiac metabolic alterations (oxygen and nutrient supply/demand imbalance), fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte stiffness. We focus primarily on HFpEF caused by metabolic risk factors, such as obesity, T2DM, hypertension, and aging.
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20
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Xiong Y, Aroor AR, Ramirez-Perez FI, Jia G, Habibi J, Manrique-Acevedo C, Lastra G, Chen D, DeMarco VG, Martinez-Lemus LA, Hill MA, Jaisser F, Sowers JR, Whaley-Connell A. Western diet induces renal artery endothelial stiffening that is dependent on the epithelial Na + channel. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1220-F1228. [PMID: 32281419 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00517.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a Western diet (WD) induces central aortic stiffening that contributes to the transmittance of pulsatile blood flow to end organs, including the kidney. Our recent work supports that endothelial epithelial Na+ channel (EnNaC) expression and activation enhances aortic endothelial cell stiffening through reductions in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and bioavailable NO that result in inflammatory and oxidant responses and perivascular fibrosis. However, the role that EnNaC activation has on endothelial responses in the renal circulation remains unknown. We hypothesized that cell-specific deletion of the α-subunit of EnNaC would prevent WD-induced central aortic stiffness and protect the kidney from endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening. Twenty-eight-week-old female αEnNaC knockout and wild-type mice were fed either mouse chow or WD containing excess fat (46%), sucrose, and fructose (17.5% each). WD feeding increased fat mass, indexes of vascular stiffening in the aorta and renal artery (in vivo pulse wave velocity and ultrasound), and renal endothelial cell stiffening (ex vivo atomic force microscopy). WD further impaired aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation and renal artery compliance (pressure myography) without changes in blood pressure. WD-induced renal arterial stiffening occurred in parallel to attenuated eNOS activation, increased oxidative stress, and aortic and renal perivascular fibrosis. αEnNaC deletion prevented these abnormalities and support a novel mechanism by which WD contributes to renal arterial stiffening that is endothelium and Na+ channel dependent. These results demonstrate that cell-specific EnNaC is important in propagating pulsatility into the renal circulation, generating oxidant stress, reduced bioavailable NO, and renal vessel wall fibrosis and stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xiong
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Javad Habibi
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Guido Lastra
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Donqqing Chen
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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21
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Cong X, Kong W. Endothelial tight junctions and their regulatory signaling pathways in vascular homeostasis and disease. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109485. [PMID: 31770579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) regulate the transport of water, ions, and molecules through the paracellular pathway, serving as an important barrier in blood vessels and maintaining vascular homeostasis. In endothelial cells (ECs), TJs are highly dynamic structures that respond to multiple external stimuli and pathological conditions. Alterations in the expression, distribution, and structure of endothelial TJs may lead to many related vascular diseases and pathologies. In this review, we provide an overview of the assessment methods used to evaluate endothelial TJ barrier function both in vitro and in vivo and describe the composition of endothelial TJs in diverse vascular systems and ECs. More importantly, the direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of TJ proteins by intracellular kinases and phosphatases, as well as the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of TJs, including and the protein kinase C (PKC), PKA, PKG, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, are discussed. With great advances in this area, targeting endothelial TJs may provide novel treatment for TJ-related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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22
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Moss ME, Carvajal B, Jaffe IZ. The endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor: Contributions to sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107387. [PMID: 31271793 PMCID: PMC6848769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for both men and women. The observation that premenopausal women are protected from cardiovascular disease relative to age-matched men, and that this protection is lost with menopause, has led to extensive study of the role of sex steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular basis for sex differences in cardiovascular disease is still not fully understood, limiting the ability to tailor therapies to male and female patients. Therefore, there is a growing need to investigate molecular pathways outside of traditional sex hormone signaling to fully understand sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence points to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a steroid hormone receptor activated by the adrenal hormone aldosterone, as one such mediator of cardiovascular disease risk, potentially serving as a sex-dependent link between cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Enhanced activation of the MR by aldosterone is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence implicates the MR specifically within the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels in mediating some of the sex differences observed in cardiovascular pathology. This review summarizes the available clinical and preclinical literature concerning the role of the MR in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, with a special emphasis on sex differences in the role of endothelial-specific MR in these pathologies. The available data regarding the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial-specific MR may contribute to sex differences in cardiovascular disease is also summarized. A paradigm emerges from synthesis of the literature in which endothelial-specific MR regulates vascular function in a sex-dependent manner in response to cardiovascular risk factors to contribute to disease. Limitations in this field include the relative paucity of women in clinical trials and, until recently, the nearly exclusive use of male animals in preclinical investigations. Enhanced understanding of the sex-specific roles of endothelial MR could lead to novel mechanistic insights underlying sex differences in cardiovascular disease incidence and outcomes and could identify additional therapeutic targets to effectively treat cardiovascular disease in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Moss
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Brigett Carvajal
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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23
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Hermkens DMA, Stam OCG, de Wit NM, Fontijn RD, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, Mackaaij C, Waas ISE, Daemen MJAP, de Vries HE. Profiling the unique protective properties of intracranial arterial endothelial cells. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:151. [PMID: 31610812 PMCID: PMC6792251 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders, like atherosclerosis and hypertension, are increasingly known to be associated with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). In particular, intracranial atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of VCI, although plaque development occurs later in time and is structurally different compared to atherosclerosis in extracranial arteries. Recent data suggest that endothelial cells (ECs) that line the intracranial arteries may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects due to yet unidentified pathways. To gain insights into underlying mechanisms, we isolated post-mortem endothelial cells from both the intracranial basilar artery (BA) and the extracranial common carotid artery (CCA) from the same individual (total of 15 individuals) with laser capture microdissection. RNA sequencing revealed a distinct molecular signature of the two endothelial cell populations of which the most prominent ones were validated by means of qPCR. Our data reveal for the first time that intracranial artery ECs exert an immune quiescent phenotype. Secondly, genes known to be involved in the response of ECs to damage (inflammation, differentiation, adhesion, proliferation, permeability and oxidative stress) are differentially expressed in intracranial ECs compared to extracranial ECs. Finally, Desmoplakin (DSP) and Hop Homeobox (HOPX), two genes expressed at a higher level in intracranial ECs, and Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Beta Subunit 3 (SCN3B), a gene expressed at a lower level in intracranial ECs compared to extracranial ECs, were shown to be responsive to shear stress and/or hypoxia. With our data we present a set of intracranial-specific endothelial genes that may contribute to its protective phenotype, thereby supporting proper perfusion and consequently may preserve cognitive function. Deciphering the molecular regulation of the vascular bed in the brain may lead to the identification of novel potential intervention strategies to halt vascular associated disorders, such as atherosclerosis and vascular cognitive dysfunction.
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24
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Sowers JR, Habibi J, Aroor AR, Yang Y, Lastra G, Hill MA, Whaley-Connell A, Jaisser F, Jia G. Epithelial sodium channels in endothelial cells mediate diet-induced endothelium stiffness and impaired vascular relaxation in obese female mice. Metabolism 2019; 99:57-66. [PMID: 31302199 PMCID: PMC6901094 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mineralocorticoid receptor activation of the epithelial sodium channel in endothelial cells (ECs) (EnNaC) is accompanied by aldosterone induced endothelial stiffening and impaired nitric oxide (NO)-mediated arterial relaxation. Recent data support enhanced activity of the alpha subunit of EnNaC (αEnNaC) mediates this aldosterone induced endothelial stiffening and associated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activation. There is mounting evidence that diet induced obesity diminishes expression and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), which would be expected to lead to impaired downstream eNOS activation. Thereby, we posited that enhanced EnNaC activation contributes to diet induced obesity related increases in stiffness of the endothelium and diminished NO mediated vascular relaxation by increasing oxidative stress and related inhibition of AMPKα, Sirt1, and associated eNOS inactivation. MATERIALS/METHODS Sixteen to twenty week-old αEnNaC knockout (αEnNaC-/-) and wild type littermate (EnNaC+/+) female mice were fed a mouse chow or an obesogenic western diet (WD) containing excess fat (46%) and fructose (17.5%) for 16 weeks. Sodium currents of ECs, endothelial stiffness and NO mediated aortic relaxation were examined along with indices of aortic oxidative stress, vascular remodeling and fibrosis. RESULTS Enhanced EnNaC activation-mediated WD-induced increases in sodium currents in isolated lung ECs, increased endothelial stiffness and impaired aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (10-9-10-4 mol/L). These abnormalities occurred in conjunction with WD-mediated aortic tissue oxidative stress, inflammation, and decreased activation of AMPKα, Sirt1, and downstream eNOS were substantially mitigated in αEnNaC-/- mice. Importantly, αEnNaC-/- prevented WD induced increases in endothelial stiffness and related impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation as well as aortic fibrosis and remodeling. However, EnNaC signaling was not involved in diet-induced abnormal expression of adipokines and CYP11b2 in abdominal aortic perivascular adipose tissue. CONCLUSION These data suggest that endothelial specific EnNaC activation mediates WD-induced endothelial stiffness, impaired eNOS activation, aortic fibrosis and remodeling through increased aortic oxidative stress and increased inflammation related to a reduction of AMPKα and Sirt 1 mediated eNOS phosphorylation/activation and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guido Lastra
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Heart failure and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part, because of increases in aging, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The clinical outcomes associated with heart failure are considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without diabetes mellitus. In people with diabetes mellitus, the presence of myocardial dysfunction in the absence of overt clinical coronary artery disease, valvular disease, and other conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, has led to the descriptive terminology, diabetic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of diabetic cardiomyopathy is increasing in parallel with the increase in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is initially characterized by myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling, and associated diastolic dysfunction, later by systolic dysfunction, and eventually by clinical heart failure. Impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, increases in oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, elevations in advanced glycation end products and collagen-based cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix stiffness, impaired mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte calcium handling, inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, microvascular dysfunction, and a myriad of cardiac metabolic abnormalities have all been implicated in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular mechanisms linked to the underlying pathophysiological changes include abnormalities in AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, protein kinase C, microRNA, and exosome pathways. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary view of these instigators of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as mechanistically based strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.).
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26
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The Absence of Endothelial Sodium Channel α (αENaC) Reduces Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133132. [PMID: 31252520 PMCID: PMC6651193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) has a key role in modulating endothelial cell stiffness and this in turn regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. The physiological relevance of endothelial ENaC in pathological conditions where reduced NO bioavailability plays an essential role remains largely unexplored. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is characterized by vasoconstriction and sustained decrease in renal perfusion that is partially explained by a reduction in NO bioavailability. Therefore, we aimed to explore if an endothelial ENaC deficiency has an impact on the severity of renal injury induced by IR. Male mice with a specific endothelial sodium channel α (αENaC) subunit gene inactivation in the endothelium (endo-αENaCKO) and control littermates were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia of 22 min and were studied after 24 h of reperfusion. In control littermates, renal ischemia induced an increase in plasma creatinine and urea, augmented the kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin-2 (NGAL) mRNA levels, and produced severe tubular injury. The absence of endothelial αENaC expression prevented renal tubular injury and renal dysfunction. Moreover, endo-αENaCKO mice recovered faster from renal hypoxia after the ischemia episode as compared to littermates. In human endothelial cells, pharmacological ENaC inhibition promoted endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) coupling and activation. Altogether, these data suggest an important role for endothelial αENaC in kidney IR injury through improving eNOS activation and kidney perfusion, thus, preventing ischemic injury.
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27
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Severino P, D'Amato A, Netti L, Pucci M, Infusino F, Maestrini V, Mancone M, Fedele F. Myocardial Ischemia and Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Oxidative Stress in the Connection between Cardiac Metabolism and Coronary Blood Flow. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9489826. [PMID: 31089475 PMCID: PMC6476021 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9489826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has several risk factors, among which diabetes mellitus represents one of the most important. In diabetic patients, the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia remains unclear yet: some have atherosclerotic plaque which obstructs coronary blood flow, others show myocardial ischemia due to coronary microvascular dysfunction in the absence of plaques in epicardial vessels. In the cross-talk between myocardial metabolism and coronary blood flow (CBF), ion channels have a main role, and, in diabetic patients, they are involved in the pathophysiology of IHD. The exposition to the different cardiovascular risk factors and the ischemic condition determine an imbalance of the redox state, defined as oxidative stress, which shows itself with oxidant accumulation and antioxidant deficiency. In particular, several products of myocardial metabolism, belonging to oxidative stress, may influence ion channel function, altering their capacity to modulate CBF, in response to myocardial metabolism, and predisposing to myocardial ischemia. For this reason, considering the role of oxidative and ion channels in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia, it is allowed to consider new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Amato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Netti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Pucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Infusino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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28
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Jia G, Habibi J, Aroor AR, Hill MA, Yang Y, Whaley-Connell A, Jaisser F, Sowers JR. Epithelial Sodium Channel in Aldosterone-Induced Endothelium Stiffness and Aortic Dysfunction. Hypertension 2018; 72:731-738. [PMID: 29987101 PMCID: PMC6202124 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced activation of the endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor contributes to the development of arterial stiffness, which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. Previously, we showed that enhanced endothelium mineralocorticoid receptor signaling in female mice prompts expression and translocation of the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel to the endothelial cell (EC) surface (EnNaC) inducing vascular fibrosis and stiffness. Further, amiloride, an epithelial sodium channel antagonist, inhibits vascular fibrosis, remodeling, and stiffness induced by feeding a Western diet high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates. However, how this occurs remains unknown. Thereby, we hypothesized that endothelial cell-specific EnNaC activation is necessary for aldosterone-mediated endothelium stiffness. To address this notion, EnNaC α-subunit knockout (EnNaC-/-) and wild-type littermate female mice were administrated aldosterone (250 µg/kg per day) via osmotic minipumps for 3 weeks beginning at 25 to 28 weeks of age. In isolated mouse endothelial cells, inward sodium currents were significantly reduced in amiloride controls, as well as in EnNaC-/-. Likewise, aldosterone-induced endothelium stiffness was increased and endothelium-dependent relaxation less in EnNaC-/- versus wild-type. Further, EnNaC-/- mice exhibited attenuated responses to aldosterone infusion, including aortic endoplasmic reticulum stress, endothelium nitric oxide synthase activation, endothelium permeability, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and aortic collagen 1 deposition, supporting the notion that αEnNaC subunit activation contributes to these vascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Annayya R. Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - James R. Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 800 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
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29
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Jia G, Aroor AR, Hill MA, Sowers JR. Role of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Activation in Promoting Cardiovascular Fibrosis and Stiffness. Hypertension 2018; 72:537-548. [PMID: 29987104 PMCID: PMC6202147 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Annayya R. Aroor
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - James R. Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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30
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Endothelial cell senescence in aging-related vascular dysfunction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1802-1809. [PMID: 31109450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased cardiovascular disease in aging is partly a consequence of the vascular endothelial cell (EC) senescence and associated vascular dysfunction. In this contest, EC senescence is a pathophysiological process of structural and functional changes including dysregulation of vascular tone, increased endothelium permeability, arterial stiffness, impairment of angiogenesis and vascular repair, and a reduction of EC mitochondrial biogenesis. Dysregulation of cell cycle, oxidative stress, altered calcium signaling, hyperuricemia, and vascular inflammation have been implicated in the development and progression of EC senescence and vascular disease in aging. A number of abnormal molecular pathways are associated with these underlying pathophysiological changes including Sirtuin 1, Klotho, fibroblast growth factor 21, and activation of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system. However, the molecular mechanisms of EC senescence and associated vascular impairment in aging are not completely understood. This review provides a contemporary update on molecular mechanisms, pathophysiological events, as well functional changes in EC senescence and age-associated cardiovascular disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic regulation of aging and longevity edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
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Zhang ZB, Ruan CC, Lin JR, Xu L, Chen XH, Du YN, Fu MX, Kong LR, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived PDGF-D Contributes to Aortic Aneurysm Formation During Obesity. Diabetes 2018; 67:1549-1560. [PMID: 29794241 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of vascular diseases, including aortic aneurysm (AA). Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding arteries are altered during obesity. However, the underlying mechanism of adipose tissue, especially PVAT, in the pathogenesis of AA is still unclear. Here we showed that angiotensin II (AngII) infusion increases the incidence of AA in leptin-deficient obese mice (ob/ob) and high-fat diet-induced obese mice with adventitial inflammation. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) was highly expressed in the PVAT of ob/ob mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that PDGF-D mediates adventitial inflammation, which provides a direct link between PVAT dysfunction and AA formation in AngII-infused obese mice. We found that PDGF-D promotes the proliferation, migration, and inflammatory factors expression in cultured adventitial fibroblasts. In addition, the inhibition of PDGF-D function significantly reduced the incidence of AA in AngII-infused obese mice. More importantly, adipocyte-specific PDGF-D transgenic mice are more susceptible to AA formation after AngII infusion accompanied by exaggerated adventitial inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Collectively, our findings reveal a notable role of PDGF-D in the AA formation during obesity, and modulation of this cytokine might be an exploitable treatment strategy for the condition.
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MESH Headings
- Adventitia/drug effects
- Adventitia/immunology
- Adventitia/metabolism
- Adventitia/pathology
- Angiotensin II/administration & dosage
- Angiotensin II/adverse effects
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/etiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drug Implants
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/drug effects
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/immunology
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism
- Intra-Abdominal Fat/pathology
- Lymphokines/agonists
- Lymphokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphokines/genetics
- Lymphokines/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Organ Specificity
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/agonists
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/drug effects
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/immunology
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal/pathology
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Rong Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Xia Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ran Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Liang Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increased arterial stiffness, an abnormal structural and functional change in the vascular wall, is a precursor for hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this paper is to review the etiology of arterial stiffening and potential therapeutic approaches to modulate arterial fibrosis and stiffness. RECENT FINDINGS The Framingham Heart Study demonstrated that arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of CVD and related morbidity and mortality. Dysfunction of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix, and other functional elements of the vessel wall contribute to underlying pathophysiology of increased arterial stiffness. An activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress, abnormal peri-vascular adipose tissue, inflammation, and increased sympathetic nervous system activity are associated with the development and progression of arterial fibrosis, stiffening, and associated CVD. In this review, we will discuss the structural and function changes and mechanisms of the vessel wall in arterial stiffness and provide potential therapeutic strategies.
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Davel AP, Jaffe IZ, Tostes RC, Jaisser F, Belin de Chantemèle EJ. New roles of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors in cardiovascular disease: translational and sex-specific effects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H989-H999. [PMID: 29957022 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00073.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and its ligand aldosterone expanded the role of this hormone and its receptor far beyond their initial function as a regulator of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in epithelial cells. The symposium "New Roles of Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease: Translational and Sex-Specific Effects" presented at the 38th World Congress of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) highlighted the contribution of extrarenal MRs to cardiovascular disease. This symposium showcased how MRs expressed in endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, and immune cells plays a critical role in the development of vascular disease associated with aging, obesity, and chronic aldosterone stimulation and demonstrated that MR antagonism prevents the acute renal dysfunction and tubular injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. It was also shown that the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a new direct regulator of aldosterone secretion and that leptin-mediated aldosterone production is a major contributor to obesity-associated hypertension in women. Sex differences in the role of aldosterone and of endothelial MR in the cardiovascular outcomes of obesity were highlighted. This review summarizes these important emerging concepts regarding the contribution of aldosterone and cell-specific MR to cardiovascular disease in male and female subjects and further supports sex-specific benefits of MR antagonist drugs to be tested in additional populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas , Campinas, Sâo Paulo , Brazil
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Departments of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo , Ribeirao Preto, Sâo Paulo , Brazil
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
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Perakakis N, Ghaly W, Peradze N, Boutari C, Batirel S, Douglas VP, Mantzoros CS. Research advances in metabolism 2017. Metabolism 2018; 83:280-289. [PMID: 29378200 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wael Ghaly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Physiology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Natia Peradze
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Saime Batirel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Vivian Paraskevi Douglas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Ytrehus K, Hulot JS, Perrino C, Schiattarella GG, Madonna R. Perivascular fibrosis and the microvasculature of the heart. Still hidden secrets of pathophysiology? Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 107:S1537-1891(17)30469-X. [PMID: 29709645 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular fibrosis, the deposition of connective tissue around the vessels, has been demonstrated crucially involved in the development of cardiac dysfunction. Although cardiac fibrosis has been shown to be reversible under certain experimental conditions, effective anti-fibrotic therapies remain largely elusive. Therefore, perivascular fibrosis currently represents a major therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. The main topic of this review will be to address the mechanisms underlying perivascular fibrosis of the vasculature within the myocardium, with a special focus on perivascular fibrosis of small vessels, microvascular dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Dept of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-MeT, Institute of Cardiology, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; The Texas Heart Institute and Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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