1
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Yang B, Zhao Y, Luo W, Zhu W, Jin L, Wang M, Ye L, Wang Y, Liang G. Macrophage DCLK1 promotes obesity-induced cardiomyopathy via activating RIP2/TAK1 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:419. [PMID: 37443105 PMCID: PMC10345119 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases and induces cardiomyopathy. Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and may provide new therapeutic targets for this disease. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is an important target for cancer therapy and the role of DCLK1 in obesity and cardiovascular diseases is unclear. Herein, we showed that DCLK1 was overexpressed in the cardiac tissue of obese mice and investigated the role of DCLK1 in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy. We generated DCLK1-deleted mice and showed that macrophage-specific DCLK1 knockout, rather than cardiomyocyte-specific DCLK1 knockout, prevented high-fat diet (HFD)-induced heart dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. RNA sequencing analysis showed that DCLK1 deficiency exerted cardioprotective effects by suppressing RIP2/TAK1 activation and inflammatory responses in macrophages. Upon HFD/palmitate (PA) challenge, macrophage DCLK1 mediates RIP2/TAK1 phosphorylation and subsequent inflammatory cytokine release, which further promotes hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes and fibrogenesis in fibroblasts. Finally, a pharmacological inhibitor of DCLK1 significantly protects hearts in HFD-fed mice. Our study demonstrates a novel role and a pro-inflammatory mechanism of macrophage DCLK1 in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy and identifies DCLK1 as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease. Upon HFD/PA challenge, DCLK1 induces RIP2/TAK1-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages, which subsequently promotes cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Macrophage-specific DCLK1 deletion or pharmacological inhibition of DCLK1 protects hearts in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Leiming Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Minxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Inflammation, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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2
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Rabinowitsch AI, Maretzky T, Weskamp G, Haxaire C, Tueshaus J, Lichtenthaler SF, Monette S, Blobel CP. Analysis of the function of ADAM17 in iRhom2 curly-bare and tylosis with esophageal cancer mutant mice. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260910. [PMID: 37282854 PMCID: PMC10357010 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tylosis with oesophageal cancer (TOC) is a rare familial disorder caused by cytoplasmic mutations in inactive rhomboid 2 (iRhom2 or iR2, encoded by Rhbdf2). iR2 and the related iRhom1 (or iR1, encoded by Rhbdf1) are key regulators of the membrane-anchored metalloprotease ADAM17, which is required for activating EGFR ligands and for releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα (or TNF). A cytoplasmic deletion in iR2, including the TOC site, leads to curly coat or bare skin (cub) in mice, whereas a knock-in TOC mutation (toc) causes less severe alopecia and wavy fur. The abnormal skin and hair phenotypes of iR2cub/cub and iR2toc/toc mice depend on amphiregulin (Areg) and Adam17, as loss of one allele of either gene rescues the fur phenotypes. Remarkably, we found that iR1-/- iR2cub/cub mice survived, despite a lack of mature ADAM17, whereas iR2cub/cub Adam17-/- mice died perinatally, suggesting that the iR2cub gain-of-function mutation requires the presence of ADAM17, but not its catalytic activity. The iR2toc mutation did not substantially reduce the levels of mature ADAM17, but instead affected its function in a substrate-selective manner. Our findings provide new insights into the role of the cytoplasmic domain of iR2 in vivo, with implications for the treatment of TOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana I. Rabinowitsch
- Tri-Institutional MD/PhD Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Program in Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation Program and Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gisela Weskamp
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Coline Haxaire
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Johanna Tueshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Carl P. Blobel
- Tri-Institutional MD/PhD Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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3
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Wang K, Xuan Z, Liu X, Zheng M, Yang C, Wang H. Immunomodulatory role of metalloproteinase ADAM17 in tumor development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059376. [PMID: 36466812 PMCID: PMC9715963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM17 is a member of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of transmembrane proteases involved in the shedding of some cell membrane proteins and regulating various signaling pathways. More than 90 substrates are regulated by ADAM17, some of which are closely relevant to tumor formation and development. Besides, ADAM17 is also responsible for immune regulation and its substrate-mediated signal transduction. Recently, ADAM17 has been considered as a major target for the treatment of tumors and yet its immunomodulatory roles and mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we summarized the recent understanding of structure and several regulatory roles of ADAM17. Importantly, we highlighted the immunomodulatory roles of ADAM17 in tumor development, as well as small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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4
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Aladhami AK, Unger CA, Hope MC, Cotham WE, Velázquez KT, Enos RT. Augmenting Skeletal Muscle Estrogen Does not Prevent or Rescue Obesity-linked Metabolic Impairments in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6678809. [PMID: 36039699 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We developed a novel mouse model with increased skeletal muscle estrogen content via inducible, skeletal-muscle-specific aromatase overexpression (SkM-Arom↑). We proposed to examine the effect that increased skeletal muscle estrogen both in gonadally intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice has on preventing or rescuing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. METHODS In the prevention experiment, gonadally intact and OVX SkM-Arom↑ mice and littermate controls were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD for 13 weeks. SkM-Arom↑ was induced at the initiation of dietary treatment. In the intervention experiment, gonadally intact and OVX SkM-Arom↑ mice and littermate controls were fed an HFD for 14 weeks before induction of SkM-Arom↑ for 6 weeks. Glucose tolerance, insulin action, adipose tissue inflammation, and body composition were assessed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine circulating and skeletal muscle steroid content. RESULTS SkM-Arom↑ significantly increased skeletal muscle 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) in both experiments. Interestingly, this resulted in leakage of estrogens into circulation, producing a physiologically relevant E2 concentration. Consequently, bone mineral density (BMD) was enhanced and adipose tissue inflammation was reduced in the prevention experiment only. However, no benefits were seen with respect to changes in adiposity or metabolic outcomes. CONCLUSION We show that increasing skeletal muscle estrogen content does not provide a metabolic benefit in gonadally intact and OVX female mice in the setting of obesity. However, a chronic physiological concentration of circulating E2 can improve BMD and reduce adipose tissue inflammation independently of a metabolic benefit or changes in adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
- University of Baghdad, Nursing College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Christian A Unger
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
| | - Marion C Hope
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
| | - William E Cotham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Kandy T Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA
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5
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iRhom pseudoproteases regulate ER stress-induced cell death through IP 3 receptors and BCL-2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1257. [PMID: 35273168 PMCID: PMC8913617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The folding capacity of membrane and secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be challenged by physiological and pathological perturbations, causing ER stress. If unresolved, this leads to cell death. We report a role for iRhom pseudoproteases in controlling apoptosis due to persistent ER stress. Loss of iRhoms causes cells to be resistant to ER stress-induced apoptosis. iRhom1 and iRhom2 interact with IP3 receptors, critical mediators of intracellular Ca2+ signalling, and regulate ER stress-induced transport of Ca2+ into mitochondria, a primary trigger of mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and cell death. iRhoms also bind to the anti-apoptotic regulator BCL-2, attenuating the inhibitory interaction between BCL-2 and IP3 receptors, which promotes ER Ca2+ release. The discovery of the participation of iRhoms in the control of ER stress-induced cell death further extends their potential pathological significance to include diseases dependent on protein misfolding and aggregation. Cells that cannot cope with persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress will die. Here, the authors show that iRhom pseudoproteases regulate cell death by modulating the ability of BCL-2 to inhibit calcium flow through IP3R channels.
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6
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Timmons JA, Anighoro A, Brogan RJ, Stahl J, Wahlestedt C, Farquhar DG, Taylor-King J, Volmar CH, Kraus WE, Phillips SM. A human-based multi-gene signature enables quantitative drug repurposing for metabolic disease. eLife 2022; 11:68832. [PMID: 35037854 PMCID: PMC8763401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes, dementia, viral infection, and cardiovascular disease. Drug repurposing (DR) may identify treatments for IR; however, barriers include uncertainty whether in vitro transcriptomic assays yield quantitative pharmacological data, or how to optimise assay design to best reflect in vivo human disease. We developed a clinical-based human tissue IR signature by combining lifestyle-mediated treatment responses (>500 human adipose and muscle biopsies) with biomarkers of disease status (fasting IR from >1200 biopsies). The assay identified a chemically diverse set of >130 positively acting compounds, highly enriched in true positives, that targeted 73 proteins regulating IR pathways. Our multi-gene RNA assay score reflected the quantitative pharmacological properties of a set of epidermal growth factor receptor-related tyrosine kinase inhibitors, providing insight into drug target specificity; an observation supported by deep learning-based genome-wide predicted pharmacology. Several drugs identified are suitable for evaluation in patients, particularly those with either acute or severe chronic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Timmons
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Augur Precision Medicine LTD, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jack Stahl
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | | | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | - Stuart M Phillips
- Faculty of Science, Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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7
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Tüshaus J, Müller SA, Shrouder J, Arends M, Simons M, Plesnila N, Blobel CP, Lichtenthaler SF. The pseudoprotease iRhom1 controls ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins in the nervous system. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21962. [PMID: 34613632 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100936r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins is a fundamental mechanism to control the communication between cells and their environment. A key protease for membrane protein shedding is ADAM17, which requires a non-proteolytic subunit, either inactive Rhomboid 1 (iRhom1) or iRhom2 for its activity. While iRhom1 and iRhom2 are co-expressed in most tissues and appear to have largely redundant functions, the brain is an organ with predominant expression of iRhom1. Yet, little is known about the spatio-temporal expression of iRhom1 in mammalian brain and about its function in controlling membrane protein shedding in the nervous system. Here, we demonstrate that iRhom1 is expressed in mouse brain from the prenatal stage to adulthood with a peak in early postnatal development. In the adult mouse brain iRhom1 was widely expressed, including in cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum. Proteomic analysis of the secretome of primary neurons using the hiSPECS method and of cerebrospinal fluid, obtained from iRhom1-deficient and control mice, identified several membrane proteins that require iRhom1 for their shedding in vitro or in vivo. One of these proteins was 'multiple-EGF-like-domains protein 10' (MEGF10), a phagocytic receptor in the brain that is linked to the removal of amyloid β and apoptotic neurons. MEGF10 was further validated as an ADAM17 substrate using ADAM17-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Taken together, this study discovers a role for iRhom1 in controlling membrane protein shedding in the mouse brain, establishes MEGF10 as an iRhom1-dependent ADAM17 substrate and demonstrates that iRhom1 is widely expressed in murine brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Shrouder
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Arends
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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8
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Aladhami AK, Unger CA, Ennis SL, Altomare D, Ji H, Hope MC, Velázquez KT, Enos RT. Macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha deletion does not protect against obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21665. [PMID: 34131955 PMCID: PMC8716064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100543rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), has been suggested to be a key factor in the induction of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. However, the role that macrophage-derived TNF-α has on regulating metabolic perturbations in obesity is not completely understood. Therefore, we utilized the TNF-αFlox/Flox(F/F) , LyzMcre± mouse model to determine the impact that macrophage TNF-α deletion has on the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. At 10 weeks of age, male littermates were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: TNF-αF/F low-fat diet (TNF-αF/F LFD), TNF-αF/F,LyzMCre LFD, TNF-αF/F HFD, or TNF-αF/F,LyzMCre HFD (n = 16-28/group) and were fed their respective diets for 18 weeks. Body weight was assessed throughout the course of the experiment. Body composition, hepatic lipid accumulation, and metabolic outcomes were also examined. A microarray gene expression experiment was performed from RNA isolated from epididymal adipose tissue of the HFD-fed groups (n = 10/group) and results were verified via qRT-PCR for all groups. Macrophage-derived TNF-α deletion significantly reduced adipose tissue TNF-α gene expression and circulating TNF-α and downregulated genes linked to the toll-like receptor (TLR) and NFκB signaling pathways. However, macrophage TNF-α deletion had no effect on hindering the development of obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, or improving glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, macrophage-derived TNF-α is not a causative factor for the induction of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Nursing College, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Christian A. Unger
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shannon L. Ennis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Marion C. Hope
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kandy T. Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Reilly T. Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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9
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Implications of ADAM17 activation for hyperglycaemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228464. [PMID: 33904577 PMCID: PMC8128101 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus specifically on the role that the metalloproteinase, A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 [ADAM17] plays in the development and progression of the metabolic syndrome. There is a well-recognised link between the ADAM17 substrate tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and obesity, inflammation and diabetes. In addition, knocking out ADAM17 in mice leads to an extremely lean phenotype. Importantly, ADAM17-deficient mice exhibit one of the most pronounced examples of hypermetabolism in rodents to date. It is vital to further understand the mechanistic role that ADAM17 plays in the metabolic syndrome. Such studies will demonstrate that ADAM17 is a valuable therapeutic target to treat obesity and diabetes.
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10
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Chao-Chu J, Murtough S, Zaman N, Pennington DJ, Blaydon DC, Kelsell DP. iRHOM2: A Regulator of Palmoplantar Biology, Inflammation, and Viral Susceptibility. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:722-726. [PMID: 33080304 PMCID: PMC7568177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The palmoplantar epidermis is a specialized area of the skin that undergoes high levels of mechanical stress. The palmoplantar keratinization and esophageal cancer syndrome, tylosis with esophageal cancer, is linked to mutations in RHBDF2 encoding the proteolytically inactive rhomboid protein, iRhom2. Subsequently, iRhom2 was found to affect palmoplantar thickening to modulate the stress keratin response and to mediate context-dependent stress pathways by p63. iRhom2 is also a direct regulator of the sheddase, ADAM17, and the antiviral adaptor protein, stimulator of IFN genes. In this perspective, the pleiotropic functions of iRhom2 are discussed with respect to the skin, inflammation, and the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chao-Chu
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Murtough
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Najwa Zaman
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Pennington
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana C Blaydon
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David P Kelsell
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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11
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Skurski J, Dixit G, Blobel CP, Issuree PD, Maretzky T. The Threshold Effect: Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Primary Macrophages Are Differentially Regulated in an iRhom2-Dependent Manner. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:620392. [PMID: 33585287 PMCID: PMC7878383 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.620392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-controlled innate immune response is characterized by a rapid yet self-limiting inflammatory response. Although much is known about the range of inflammatory stimuli capable of triggering an innate immune response, the mechanisms which govern the degree of inflammation induced by inflammatory insults and the mechanisms in place to reset or maintain homeostasis are poorly understood. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent early response pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by immune cells following a broad range of insults spanning autoimmunity and metabolic diseases to pathogenic infections. Previous studies have shown that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 controls the release of soluble TNF and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Utilizing a genetic model of ADAM17 deficiency through the deletion of its regulator, the inactive rhomboid 2 (iRhom2), we show that loss of ADAM17 activity in innate immune cells leads to decreased expression of various cytokines in response to low levels of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) stimulation but not at high-dose stimulation. In addition, TNF receptor (TNFR) 1/2-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages yielded significantly reduced TNF expression following low levels of PAMP stimulation, suggesting that signaling through the TNFRs in immune cells drives a feed-forward regulatory mechanism wherein low levels of TNF allow sustained enhancement of TNF expression in an iRhom2/ADAM17-dependent manner. Thus, we demonstrate that inflammatory expression of TNF and IL1β is differentially regulated following high or low doses of PAMP stimulation, invoking the activation of a previously unknown regulatory mechanism of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Skurski
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Garima Dixit
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Departments of Medicine and of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Immunology Graduate Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Geesala R, Issuree PD, Maretzky T. The Role of iRhom2 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular-Related Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:612808. [PMID: 33330676 PMCID: PMC7732453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.612808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obesity is associated with metabolic imbalance leading to diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), in which inflammation is caused by exposure to inflammatory stimuli, such as accumulating sphingolipid ceramides or intracellular stress. This inflammatory response is likely to be prolonged by the effects of dietary and blood cholesterol, thereby leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are predictive of CVDs and have been widely studied for potential therapeutic strategies. The release of TNF is controlled by a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 and both are positively associated with CVDs. ADAM17 also cleaves most of the ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which have been associated with hypertension, atherogenesis, vascular dysfunction, and cardiac remodeling. The inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) regulates the ADAM17-dependent shedding of TNF in immune cells. In addition, iRhom2 also regulates the ADAM17-mediated cleavage of EGFR ligands such as amphiregulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Targeting iRhom2 has recently become a possible alternative therapeutic strategy in chronic inflammatory diseases such as lupus nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, what role this intriguing interacting partner of ADAM17 plays in the vasculature and how it functions in the pathologies of obesity and associated CVDs, are exciting questions that are only beginning to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the role of iRhom2 in cardiovascular-related pathologies such as atherogenesis and obesity by providing an evaluation of known iRhom2-dependent cellular and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasatyaveni Geesala
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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13
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Zhou C, Chen R, Gao F, Zhang J, Lu F. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine relieves inflammation through iRhom2-dependent pathway in co-cultured macrophages and adipocytes with LPS stimulation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:373. [PMID: 33298044 PMCID: PMC7724822 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) is an active ingredient extracted from Trigonella foenum-graecum L., a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, which exerts the efficacy of anti-obesity and anti-diabetes. We previously reported that 4-HIL potentiates anti-inflammatory and anti-insulin resistance effects through down-regulation of TNF-α and TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 cells. In the present study, we further investigate the effects and mechanisms of 4-HIL on obesity-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes co-culture system. Methods RAW264.7 macrophages and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes were co-cultured to mimic the microenvironment of adipose tissue. siRNA-iRhom2 transfection was performed to knockdown iRhom2 expression in RAW264.2 macrophages. The mRNA and protein expression of iRhom2 and TACE were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6 and IL-10 were evaluated by ELISA. The ratio of M2/M1 was detected by flow cytometry. Results 4-HIL significantly repressed the mRNA and protein levels of iRhom2 and TACE in RAW264.7 macrophages after LPS stimulated. Meanwhile, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6, were substantially suppressed by 4-HIL in the co-culture system. Moreover, the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased significantly by 4-HIL in the co-culture system after LPS stimulation. Additionally, the ratio of M2/M1 was also increased by 4-HIL in the co-culture system after LPS stimulation. Finally, these effects of 4-HIL were largely enhanced by siRNA-iRhom2 transfection. Conclusion Taken together, our results indicated that obesity-induced inflammation was potently relieved by 4-HIL, most likely through the iRhom2-dependent pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-020-03166-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Furong Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Lownik JC, Farrar JS, Pearce JV, Celi FS, Martin RK. Adipocyte ADAM17 plays a limited role in metabolic inflammation. Adipocyte 2020; 9:509-522. [PMID: 32892692 PMCID: PMC7714430 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1814544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of ADAM17, its substrates, and its natural inhibitor has been well studied in the context of inflammation, including metabolic inflammation, with mixed results. Previous studies examining global Adam17 knockdown models and ADAM17 inhibition using overexpression of endogenous ADAM17 inhibitors have shown improved metabolic health and decreased metabolic inflammation. However, there have been no studies examining the role of adipocyte ADAM17 using in vivo models. In this study, we developed an adipocyte-specific Adam17 knockout model using Adipoq-Cre-expressing mice crossed with Adam17-floxed mice. Using this model, we show that loss of adipocyte ADAM17 plays no evident role in baseline metabolic responses. Surprisingly, in a state of metabolic stress using high-fat diet (HFD), we observed that adipocyte ADAM17 had little effect overall on the metabolic phenotype as well as inflammatory cell populations. Using whole-body metabolic phenotyping, we show that loss of ADAM17 has no effect on energy utilization both at a baseline state as well as following HFD. However, lastly, using high-parameter flow cytometry, we show that loss of adipocyte ADAM17 alters macrophage and eosinophil populations following HFD. Overall, the studies presented here give more insight into the role of ADAM17 in metabolic responses and metabolic inflammation, specifically in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Lownik
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jared S. Farrar
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Janina V. Pearce
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Francesco S. Celi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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15
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Adrain C, Cavadas M. The complex life of rhomboid pseudoproteases. FEBS J 2020; 287:4261-4283. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Adrain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC) Oeiras Portugal
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology Queen's University Belfast UK
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