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Gilbert HTJ, Wignall FEJ, Zeef L, Hoyland JA, Richardson SM. Transcriptomic profiling reveals key early response genes during GDF6-mediated differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells to nucleus pulposus cells. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1315. [PMID: 38249721 PMCID: PMC10797253 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell-based therapies show promise as a means of repairing the degenerate intervertebral disc, with growth factors often used alongside cells to help direct differentiation toward a nucleus pulposus (NP)-like phenotype. We previously demonstrated adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) differentiation with GDF6 as optimal for generating NP-like cells through evaluating end-stage differentiation parameters. Here we conducted a time-resolved transcriptomic characterization of ASCs response to GDF6 stimulation to understand the early drivers of differentiation to NP-like cells. Methods Human ASCs were treated with recombinant human GDF6 for 2, 6, and 12 h. RNA sequencing and detailed bioinformatic analysis were used to assess differential gene expression, gene ontology (GO), and transcription factor involvement during early differentiation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate RNA sequencing findings and inhibitors used to interrogate Smad and Erk signaling pathways, as well as identify primary and secondary response genes. Results The transcriptomic response of ASCs to GDF6 stimulation was time-resolved and highly structured, with "cell differentiation" "developmental processes," and "response to stimulus" identified as key biological process GO terms. The transcription factor ERG1 was identified as a key early response gene. Temporal cluster analysis of differentiation genes identified positive regulation NP cell differentiation, as well as inhibition of osteogenesis and adipogenesis. A role for Smad and Erk signaling in the regulation of GDF6-induced early gene expression response was observed and both primary and secondary response genes were identified. Conclusions This study identifies a multifactorial early gene response that contributes to lineage commitment, with the identification of a number of potentially useful early markers of differentiation of ASCs to NP cells. This detailed insight into the molecular processes in response to GDF6 stimulation of ASCs is important for the development of an efficient and efficacious cell-based therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration-associated back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish T. J. Gilbert
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Francis E. J. Wignall
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Leo Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
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2
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Yousof TR, Mejia-Benitez A, Morrison KM, Austin RC. Reduced plasma GDF10 levels are positively associated with cholesterol impairment and childhood obesity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1805. [PMID: 38245533 PMCID: PMC10799949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global health concern affecting over 150 million children worldwide, with projections of a rise to 206 million by 2025. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this epidemic is crucial for developing effective interventions. In this study, we investigated circulating levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 10 (GDF10), a novel regulator of adipogenesis. Previous studies report diminished circulating GDF10 levels contribute to obesity and hepatic steatosis in mice. To further understand the role of plasma GDF10 in childhood obesity, a prospective case-control study was conducted. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, plasma GDF10 levels were measured in children aged 5-17 years of age with normal (n = 36) and increased (n = 56) body mass index (BMI). Subsequently, plasma GDF10 levels were compared to various cardio-metabolic parameters. Children with increased BMI exhibit significantly lower levels of plasma GDF10 compared to children with normal BMI (p < 0.05). This study not only supports previous mouse data but is the first to report that lower levels of GDF10 is associated with childhood obesity, providing an important human connection for the relevance of GDF10 in obesity. Furthermore, this study revealed a significant correlation between low plasma GDF10 levels and elevated LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels dependent on BMI (95% CI, p < 0.05). This study supports the hypothesis that children with obesity display lower plasma levels of GDF10, which correlates with elevated cholesterol levels. These insights shed light on potential mechanisms contributing to childhood obesity and may lead to future therapeutic interventions targeting GDF10 to mitigate adverse effects of adipogenesis in cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamana R Yousof
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Aurora Mejia-Benitez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, 50 Charlton Ave. E., Rm. T-3313, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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3
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Song MK, Kim JE, Kim JT, Kang YE, Han SJ, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Ku BJ, Lee JH. GDF10 is related to obesity as an adipokine derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1159515. [PMID: 37529611 PMCID: PMC10390302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipokines are proteins that are secreted by the adipose tissue. Although they are associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders, most studies have focused on adipokines expressed by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to identify the adipokine potentially derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and its clinical significance. Methods Samples of SAT and VAT were obtained from six adult male patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for benign gall bladder disease. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by subjecting the samples to RNA sequencing. The serum concentration of selected proteins according to body mass index (BMI) was analyzed in 58 individuals. Results GDF10 showed significantly higher expression in the SAT, as per RNA sequencing (fold change = 5.8, adjusted P value = 0.009). Genes related to insulin response, glucose homeostasis, lipid homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism were suppressed when GDF10 expression was high in SAT, as per genotype-tissue expression data. The serum GDF10 concentration was higher in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (n = 35, 2674 ± 441 pg/mL) than in those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (n = 23, 2339 ± 639 pg/mL; P = 0.022). There was a positive correlation between BMI and serum GDF10 concentration (r = 0.308, P = 0.019). Conclusions GDF10 expression was higher in SAT than in VAT. Serum GDF10 concentration was high in patients with obesity. Therefore, GDF10 could be a SAT-derived protein related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jong Han
- Department of General Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Platko K, Lebeau PF, Nederveen JP, Byun JH, MacDonald ME, Bourgeois JM, Tarnopolsky MA, Austin RC. A Metabolic Enhancer Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and Liver Steatosis and Corrects a Pro-Atherogenic Serum Profile in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102410. [PMID: 37242292 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) affects hundreds of millions of individuals and constitutes a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Obesity is believed to be at the core of metabolic abnormalities associated with MetS, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver disease and vascular dysfunction. Although previous studies demonstrate a diverse array of naturally occurring antioxidants that attenuate several manifestations of MetS, little is known about the (i) combined effect of these compounds on hepatic health and (ii) molecular mechanisms responsible for their effect. METHODS We explored the impact of a metabolic enhancer (ME), consisting of 7 naturally occurring antioxidants and mitochondrial enhancing agents, on diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and atherogenic serum profile in mice. RESULTS Here we show that a diet-based ME supplementation and exercise have similar beneficial effects on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice. Mechanistically, ME reduced hepatic ER stress, fibrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation, thereby improving overall liver health. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ME improved HFD-induced pro-atherogenic serum profile in mice, similar to exercise. The protective effects of ME were reduced in proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) knock out mice, suggesting that ME exerts it protective effect partly in a PCSK9-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that components of the ME have a positive, protective effect on obesity, hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular risk and that they show similar effects as exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Paul F Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Bourgeois
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 5Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, MUMC, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, and the Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
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5
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Lei S, Zhao S, Huang X, Feng Y, Li Z, Chen L, Huang P, Guan H, Zhang H, Wu Q, Chen B. Chaihu Shugan powder alleviates liver inflammation and hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice: A network pharmacology study and in vivo experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:967623. [PMID: 36172180 PMCID: PMC9512055 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.967623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common metabolic disease and is intertwined with cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a significant therapeutic effect on metabolic diseases, such as NAFLD. However, its pharmacological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Methods: The main compounds of CSP were measured using LC-MS/MS. A network pharmacology study was conducted on CSP. Its potential active ingredients were selected according to oral bioavailability, drug similarity indices, and phytochemical analysis. After obtaining the intersected genes between drug targets and disease-related targets, the component-disease-target network and protein-protein interaction analysis were visualized in Cytoscape. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat high-fructose diet for 16 weeks plus chronic immobilization stress for 2 weeks, an in vivo model, were administered CSP or saline intragastrically. Liver histology, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, ELISA, and RT-PCR were used to assess hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to assess protein levels. Results: A total of 130 potential target genes in CSP that act on NAFLD were identified through network pharmacology assays, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways were involved in inflammatory pathways, such as the TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways, and metabolism-related pathways, such as the MAPK, HIF-1, FoxO, and AMPK signaling pathways. The results in vivo showed that CSP ameliorated liver inflammation and inhibited hepatic fatty acid synthesis in the hepatocyte steatosis model. More specifically, CSP therapy significantly inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), accompanied by a decrease in TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and the ligand availability of TNFR1. Conclusion: Through the combination of network pharmacology and in vivo validation, this study elucidated the therapeutic effect of CSP on NAFLD, decreasing liver inflammation and inhibiting hepatic fatty acid synthesis. More specifically, the anti-inflammatory action of CSP was at least partially mediated by inhibiting the TNFα/TNFR1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Lei
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhishang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiying Huang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hansu Guan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bojun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Research Team of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Emergencies with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bojun Chen,
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Suzuki A, Sakamoto K, Nakahara Y, Enomoto A, Hino J, Ando A, Inoue M, Shiraki Y, Omote N, Kusaka M, Fukihara J, Hashimoto N. BMP3b is a Novel Anti-Fibrotic Molecule Regulated by Meflin in Lung Fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:446-458. [PMID: 35728045 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0484oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play a central role in the lung fibrotic process. Our recent study identified a novel subpopulation of lung fibroblasts expressing meflin, anti-fibrotic properties of which were confirmed by murine lung fibrosis model. Meflin expressing fibroblasts were resistant to fibrogenesis induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, evaluation of a silica-nanoparticles-induced lung fibrosis model confirmed the antifibrotic effect of meflin via the regulation of TGF-β signaling. We conducted comparative gene expression profiling in lung fibroblasts, which identified growth differentiation factor 10 (Gdf10) encoding bone morphogenic protein 3b (BMP3b) as the most down-regulated gene in meflin-deficient cells under the profibrotic condition with TGF-β. We hypothesized that BMP3b can be an effector molecule playing an anti-fibrotic role downstream of meflin. As suggested by single-cell transcriptomic data, restricted expressions of Gdf10 (Bmp3b) in stromal cells including fibroblasts were confirmed. We examined possible anti-fibrotic properties of BMP3b in lung fibroblasts and demonstrated that Bmp3b-null fibroblasts were more susceptible to TGF-β-induced fibrogenic changes. Furthermore, Bmp3b-null mice exhibited exaggerated lung fibrosis induced by silica-nanoparticles in vivo. We also demonstrated that treatment with recombinant BMP3B was effective against TGF-β-induced fibrogenesis in fibroblasts, especially in the suppression of excessive extracellular matrix production. These lines of evidence suggested that BMP3b is a novel humoral effector molecule regulated by meflin which exerts anti-fibrotic properties in lung fibroblasts. Supplementation of BMP3B could be a novel therapeutic strategy for fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Suzuki
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Nakahara
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Hino
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Inoue
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Respiratory medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Pathology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihito Omote
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, 36589, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kusaka
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Fukihara
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naozumi Hashimoto
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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7
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Marañón P, Fernández-García CE, Isaza SC, Rey E, Gallego-Durán R, Montero-Vallejo R, de Cía JR, Ampuero J, Romero-Gómez M, García-Monzón C, González-Rodríguez Á. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 is a new molecular target linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with potential value as non-invasive screening tool. Biomark Res 2022; 10:35. [PMID: 35614516 PMCID: PMC9131682 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, being non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) its most clinically relevant form. Given the risks associated with taking a liver biopsy, the design of accurate non-invasive methods to identify NASH patients is of upmost importance. BMP2 plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis; however, little is known about its involvement in NAFLD onset and progression. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of BMP2 in NAFLD pathophysiology. METHODS Hepatic and circulating levels of BMP2 were quantified in serum and liver specimens from 115 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 75 subjects with histologically normal liver (NL). In addition, BMP2 content and release was determined in cultured human hepatocytes upon palmitic acid (PA) overload. RESULTS We found that BMP2 expression was abnormally increased in livers from NAFLD patients than in subjects with NL and this was reflected in higher serum BMP2 levels. Notably, we observed that PA upregulated BMP2 expression and secretion by human hepatocytes. An algorithm based on serum BMP2 levels and clinically relevant variables to NAFLD showed an AUROC of 0.886 (95%CI, 0.83-0.94) to discriminate NASH. We used this algorithm to develop SAN (Screening Algorithm for NASH): a SAN < 0.2 implied a low risk and a SAN ≥ 0.6 indicated high risk of NASH diagnosis. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study shows BMP2 as a new molecular target linked to NAFLD and introduces SAN as a simple and efficient algorithm to screen individuals at risk for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marañón
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ernesto Fernández-García
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephania C Isaza
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Rey
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Montero-Vallejo
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez de Cía
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo García-Monzón
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Risk Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/Maestro Vives 2, 28009, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain. .,Present address: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Ramesova A, Vesela B, Svandova E, Lesot H, Matalova E. Caspase-1 Inhibition Impacts the Formation of Chondrogenic Nodules, and the Expression of Markers Related to Osteogenic Differentiation and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179576. [PMID: 34502478 PMCID: PMC8431148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-1, as the main pro-inflammatory cysteine protease, was investigated mostly with respect to inflammation-related processes. Interestingly, caspase-1 was identified as being involved in lipid metabolism, which is extremely important for the proper differentiation of chondrocytes. Based on a screening investigation, general caspase inhibition impacts the expression of Cd36 in chondrocytes, the fatty acid translocase with a significant impact on lipid metabolism. However, the engagement of individual caspases in the effect has not yet been identified. Therefore, the hypothesis that caspase-1 might be a candidate here appears challenging. The primary aim of this study thus was to find out whether the inhibition of caspase-1 activity would affect Cd36 expression in a chondrogenic micromass model. The expression of Pparg, a regulator Cd36, was examined as well. In the caspase-1 inhibited samples, both molecules were significantly downregulated. Notably, in the treated group, the formation of the chondrogenic nodules was apparently disrupted, and the subcellular deposition of lipids and polysaccharides showed an abnormal pattern. To further investigate this observation, the samples were subjected to an osteogenic PCR array containing selected markers related to cartilage/bone cell differentiation. Among affected molecules, Bmp7 and Gdf10 showed a significantly increased expression, while Itgam, Mmp9, Vdr, and Rankl decreased. Notably, Rankl is a key marker in bone remodeling/homeostasis and thus is a target in several treatment strategies, including a variety of fatty acids, and is balanced by its decoy receptor Opg (osteoprotegerin). To evaluate the effect of Cd36 downregulation on Rankl and Opg, Cd36 silencing was performed using micromass cultures. After Cd36 silencing, the expression of Rankl was downregulated and Opg upregulated, which was an inverse effect to caspase-1 inhibition (and Cd36 upregulation). These results demonstrate new functions of caspase-1 in chondrocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism-related pathways. The effect on the Rankl/Opg ratio, critical for bone maintenance and pathology, including osteoarthritis, is particularly important here as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ramesova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (E.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Barbora Vesela
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (E.S.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eva Svandova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (E.S.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Herve Lesot
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Eva Matalova
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.R.); (E.S.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
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9
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Li J, Guo C, Wu J. The Agonists of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ for Liver Fibrosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2619-2628. [PMID: 34168433 PMCID: PMC8219117 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s310163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common link in the transformation of acute and chronic liver diseases to cirrhosis. It is of great clinical significance to study the factors associated with the induction of liver fibrosis and elucidate the method of reversal. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of nuclear transcription factors that can be activated by peroxisome proliferators. PPARs play an important role in fibrosis of various organs, especially the liver, by regulating downstream targeted pathways, such as TGF-β, MAPKs, and NF-κB p65. In recent years, the development and screening of PPAR-γ ligands have become a focus of research. The PPAR-γ ligands include synthetic hypolipidemic and antidiabetic drugs. In addition, microRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs and nano new drugs have attracted research interest. In this paper, the research progress of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis was discussed based on the relevant literature in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, People's Republic of China
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10
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Camps J, Breuls N, Sifrim A, Giarratana N, Corvelyn M, Danti L, Grosemans H, Vanuytven S, Thiry I, Belicchi M, Meregalli M, Platko K, MacDonald ME, Austin RC, Gijsbers R, Cossu G, Torrente Y, Voet T, Sampaolesi M. Interstitial Cell Remodeling Promotes Aberrant Adipogenesis in Dystrophic Muscles. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107597. [PMID: 32375047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and fat replacement in skeletal muscle are major complications that lead to a loss of mobility in chronic muscle disorders, such as muscular dystrophy. However, the in vivo properties of adipogenic stem and precursor cells remain unclear, mainly due to the high cell heterogeneity in skeletal muscles. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to decomplexify interstitial cell populations in healthy and dystrophic skeletal muscles. We identify an interstitial CD142-positive cell population in mice and humans that is responsible for the inhibition of adipogenesis through GDF10 secretion. Furthermore, we show that the interstitial cell composition is completely altered in muscular dystrophy, with a near absence of CD142-positive cells. The identification of these adipo-regulatory cells in the skeletal muscle aids our understanding of the aberrant fat deposition in muscular dystrophy, paving the way for treatments that could counteract degeneration in patients with muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Camps
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natacha Breuls
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nefele Giarratana
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Corvelyn
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Danti
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Grosemans
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Vanuytven
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irina Thiry
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, and Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Meregalli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, and Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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11
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Calcium as a reliable marker for the quantitative assessment of endoplasmic reticulum stress in live cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100779. [PMID: 34000299 PMCID: PMC8191341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential mineral of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal biochemistry because of the Ca2+ dependence of ER-resident chaperones charged with folding de novo proteins that transit this cellular compartment. ER Ca2+ depletion reduces the ability of chaperones to properly fold the proteins entering the ER, thus leading to an accumulation of misfolded proteins and the onset of a state known as ER stress. However, not all conditions that cause ER stress do so in a manner dependent on ER Ca2+ depletion. Agents such as tunicamycin inhibit the glycosylation of de novo polypeptides, a key step in the maturation process of newly synthesized proteins. Despite this established effect of tunicamycin, our understanding of how such conditions modulate ER Ca2+ levels is still limited. In the present study, we report that a variety of ER stress–inducing agents that have not been known to directly alter ER Ca2+ homeostasis can also cause a marked reduction in ER Ca2+ levels. Consistent with these observations, protecting against ER stress using small chemical chaperones, such as 4-phenylbutyrate and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, also attenuated ER Ca2+ depletion caused by these agents. We also describe a novel high-throughput and low-cost assay for the rapid quantification of ER stress using ER Ca2+ levels as a surrogate marker. This report builds on our understanding of ER Ca2+ levels in the context of ER stress and also provides the scientific community with a new, reliable tool to study this important cellular process in vitro.
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12
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Wei J, Fang D. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling and the Pathogenesis of Hepatocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041799. [PMID: 33670323 PMCID: PMC7918477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also known as hepatoma, is a primary malignancy of the liver and the third leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Although much attention has focused on HCC, its pathogenesis remains largely obscure. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle important for regulating protein synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking, and lipid metabolism. ER stress occurs when ER homeostasis is disturbed by numerous environmental, physiological, and pathological challenges. In response to ER stress due to misfolded/unfolded protein accumulation, unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to maintain ER function for cell survival or, in cases of excessively severe ER stress, initiation of apoptosis. The liver is especially susceptible to ER stress given its protein synthesis and detoxification functions. Experimental data suggest that ER stress and unfolded protein response are involved in HCC development, aggressiveness and response to treatment. Herein, we highlight recent findings and provide an overview of the evidence linking ER stress to the pathogenesis of HCC.
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