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Pinto B, Silva JPN, Silva PMA, Barbosa DJ, Sarmento B, Tavares JC, Bousbaa H. Maximizing Anticancer Response with MPS1 and CENPE Inhibition Alongside Apoptosis Induction. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:56. [PMID: 38258067 PMCID: PMC10818680 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimitotic compounds, targeting key spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) components (e.g., MPS1, Aurora kinase B, PLK1, KLP1, CENPE), are potential alternatives to microtubule-targeting antimitotic agents (e.g., paclitaxel) to circumvent resistance and side effects associated with their use. They can be classified into mitotic blockers, causing SAC-induced mitotic arrest, or mitotic drivers, pushing cells through aberrant mitosis by overriding SAC. These drugs, although advancing to clinical trials, exhibit unsatisfactory cancer treatment outcomes as monotherapy, probably due to variable cell fate responses driven by cyclin B degradation and apoptosis signal accumulation networks. We investigated the impact of inhibiting anti-apoptotic signals with the BH3-mimetic navitoclax in lung cancer cells treated with the selective CENPE inhibitor GSK923295 (mitotic blocker) or the MPS1 inhibitor BAY1217389 (mitotic driver). Our aim was to steer treated cancer cells towards cell death. BH3-mimetics, in combination with both mitotic blockers and drivers, induced substantial cell death, mainly through apoptosis, in 2D and 3D cultures. Crucially, these synergistic concentrations were less toxic to non-tumor cells. This highlights the significance of combining BH3-mimetics with antimitotics, either blockers or drivers, which have reached the clinical trial phase, to enhance their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Pinto
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (B.P.); (J.P.N.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - João P. N. Silva
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (B.P.); (J.P.N.S.)
| | - Patrícia M. A. Silva
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (B.P.); (J.P.N.S.)
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- INEB—Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana Carvalho Tavares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (B.P.); (J.P.N.S.)
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Navitoclax Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of PLK1 Targeting on Lung Cancer Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061209. [PMID: 35745782 PMCID: PMC9229367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of antimitotics is limited by slippage, whereby treated cells arrested in mitosis exit mitosis without cell division and, eventually, escape apoptosis, constituting a serious resistance mechanism to antimitotics. Strategies to overcome slippage should potentiate the cancer cell killing activity of these antimitotics. Such strategies should accelerate cell death in mitosis before slippage. Here, we undertook a mechanistic analysis to test whether the apoptosis activator Navitoclax potentiates apoptosis triggered by the antimitotic BI2536, a potent inhibitor of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) with the goal of overcoming slippage. We found that cancer cells in 2D cultures treated with BI2536 alone accumulate in mitosis, but a significant fraction of arrested cells undergo slippage and survive. Remarkably, combining BI2536 with Navitoclax dramatically reduces slippage, shifting the cell fate to accelerated death in mitosis. The results are confirmed in 3D spheroids, a preclinical system that mimics in vivo tumor drug responses. Importantly, in 3D spheroids, the effect of the BI2536/Navitoclax combination requires a lower therapeutic dosage of each drug, underlying its potential to improve the therapeutic index. Our results highlight the relevance of apoptosis potentiators to circumvent slippage associated with antimitotics. The combination of BI2536 with Navitoclax shows in vitro synergy/additive effect, which warrants further clinical research.
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Misek SA, Foda BM, Dexheimer TS, Akram M, Conrad SE, Schmidt JC, Neubig RR, Gallo KA. BRAF Inhibitor Resistance Confers Increased Sensitivity to Mitotic Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:766794. [PMID: 35444937 PMCID: PMC9015667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.766794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single agent and combination therapy with BRAFV600E/K and MEK inhibitors have remarkable efficacy against melanoma tumors with activating BRAF mutations, but in most cases BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) resistance eventually develops. One resistance mechanism is reactivation of the ERK pathway. However, only about half of BRAFi resistance is due to ERK reactivation. The purpose of this study is to uncover pharmacological vulnerabilities of BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, with the goal of identifying new therapeutic options for patients whose tumors have developed resistance to BRAFi/MEKi therapy. We screened a well-annotated compound library against a panel of isogenic pairs of parental and BRAFi-resistant melanoma cell lines to identify classes of compounds that selectively target BRAFi-resistant cells over their BRAFi-sensitive counterparts. Two distinct patterns of increased sensitivity to classes of pharmacological inhibitors emerged. In two cell line pairs, BRAFi resistance conferred increased sensitivity to compounds that share the property of cell cycle arrest at M-phase, including inhibitors of aurora kinase (AURK), polo-like kinase (PLK), tubulin, and kinesin. Live cell microscopy, used to track mitosis in real time, revealed that parental but not BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells were able to exit from compound-induced mitotic arrest through mitotic slippage, thus escaping death. Consistent with the key role of Cyclin B1 levels in regulating mitosis at the spindle checkpoint in arrested cells, we found lower Cyclin B1 levels in parental compared with BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, suggesting that inability to down-regulate Cyclin B1 expression levels may explain the increased vulnerability of resistant cells to mitotic inhibitors. Another BRAFi-resistant cell line showed increased sensitivity to Chk1/2 inhibitors, which was associated with an accumulation of DNA damage, resulting in mitotic failure. This study demonstrates that BRAFi-resistance, in at least a subset of melanoma cells, confers vulnerability to pharmacological disruption of mitosis and suggests a targeted synthetic lethal approach for overcoming resistance to BRAF/MEK-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Misek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Bardees M Foda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Thomas S Dexheimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Maisah Akram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Susan E Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jens C Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,"Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D.", Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kathleen A Gallo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Naik A, Decock J. Targeting of lactate dehydrogenase C dysregulates the cell cycle and sensitizes breast cancer cells to DNA damage response targeted therapy. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:885-903. [PMID: 34050611 PMCID: PMC8847988 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer testis antigen (CTA) lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) is a promising anticancer target with tumor-specific expression and immunogenicity. Interrogation of breast cancer patient cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) indicate that upregulation of LDHC expression correlates with unfavorable prognosis. Although the role of LDHC is well characterized in spermatocytes, its role in tumors remains largely unknown. We investigated whether LDHC is involved in regulating genomic stability and whether it could be targeted to affect tumor cellular fitness. Silencing LDHC in four breast cancer cell lines significantly increased the presence of giant cells, nuclear aberrations, DNA damage, and apoptosis. LDHC-silenced cells demonstrated aberrant cell cycle progression with differential expression of cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage response regulators. In addition, LDHC silencing-induced microtubule destabilization, culminating in increased mitotic catastrophe and reduced long-term survival. Notably, the clonogenicity of LDHC-silenced cells was further reduced by treatment with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib and with the DNA-damaging drug cisplatin. This study supports the therapeutic potential of targeting LDHC to mitigate cancer cell survival and improve sensitivity to agents that cause DNA damage or inhibit its repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adviti Naik
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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Chiang JL, Yang YW. Modulation of the anticancer activities of paclitaxel by Cremophor micelles. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120699. [PMID: 33992713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Cremophor (CrEL) on the antineoplastic effect induced by paclitaxel (PTX). Fluorescence spectroscopy, employing pyrene as a probe, was used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CrEL. EL4 murine thymoma cells and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were treated with PTX in different concentrations of CrEL. G2 arrest with 8 N polyploidy was observed in PTX-treated EL4 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis via propidium iodide (PI) staining showed that the frequency of G2 arrest decreased as the CrEL concentration exceeded 0.02% (w/v), demonstrating the effect of CrEL micelle formation on the antimitotic activity of PTX. CrEL was also shown to enhance PTX-induced cell death in vitro by Annexin V/PI staining. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with PTX in a lower concentration of CrEL resulted in higher myelosuppression, decreased both Ki-67 expression and survival rate, suggesting that CrEL micelle formation above the CMC may lower the cytotoxic activity of PTX in vivo. The data obtained in this study demonstrate CrEL micelle-mediated modulation of the cell cycle and cell death induced by PTX in vitro and the antineoplastic efficacy of PTX in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Lin Chiang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 33 Linsen South Road, Room 423, Taipei City 10050, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 33 Linsen South Road, Room 423, Taipei City 10050, Taiwan.
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6
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Kressin M, Fietz D, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Modelling the Functions of Polo-Like Kinases in Mice and Their Applications as Cancer Targets with a Special Focus on Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1176. [PMID: 34065956 PMCID: PMC8151477 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) belong to a five-membered family of highly conserved serine/threonine kinases (PLK1-5) that play differentiated and essential roles as key mitotic kinases and cell cycle regulators and with this in proliferation and cellular growth. Besides, evidence is accumulating for complex and vital non-mitotic functions of PLKs. Dysregulation of PLKs is widely associated with tumorigenesis and by this, PLKs have gained increasing significance as attractive targets in cancer with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. PLK1 has proved to have strong clinical relevance as it was found to be over-expressed in different cancer types and linked to poor patient prognosis. Targeting the diverse functions of PLKs (tumor suppressor, oncogenic) are currently at the center of numerous investigations in particular with the inhibition of PLK1 and PLK4, respectively in multiple cancer trials. Functions of PLKs and the effects of their inhibition have been extensively studied in cancer cell culture models but information is rare on how these drugs affect benign tissues and organs. As a step further towards clinical application as cancer targets, mouse models therefore play a central role. Modelling PLK function in animal models, e.g., by gene disruption or by treatment with small molecule PLK inhibitors offers promising possibilities to unveil the biological significance of PLKs in cancer maintenance and progression and give important information on PLKs' applicability as cancer targets. In this review we aim at summarizing the approaches of modelling PLK function in mice so far with a special glimpse on the significance of PLKs in ovarian cancer and of orthotopic cancer models used in this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kressin
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Lin SF, Yeh CN, Huang YT, Chou TC, Wong RJ. Therapeutic inhibition of polo-like kinases in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:803-814. [PMID: 33306266 PMCID: PMC7893987 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo‐like kinases (PLKs) are potent regulators of cell proliferation and cell survival. Polo‐like kinases are potential targets in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a rare but deadly disease. The therapeutic effects of volasertib, a PLK inhibitor, was evaluated for the treatment of ATC either alone or in combination with sorafenib. Volasertib decreased cell viability in three ATC cell lines (8505C, 8305C, and KAT18) in a dose‐dependent manner. Volasertib caused ATC cells to accumulate in G2/M phase, activated caspase‐3 activity, and induced apoptosis. Combination therapy using volasertib and sorafenib in ATC cells showed mostly synergistic effects. In vivo studies revealed that combination therapy of volasertib and sorafenib was effective in the treatment of 8505C xenografts. Single‐agent volasertib treatment was sufficient to retard 8305C tumor growth. No substantial morbidity was observed in animals that received either single‐agent or combination treatment. These preclinical findings suggest that volasertib could be an effective drug in treating ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chao Chou
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Wong
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Raab CA, Raab M, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Non-mitotic functions of polo-like kinases in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188467. [PMID: 33171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitotic protein kinases are currently being developed as non-neurotoxic alternatives of microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) which provide a substantial survival benefit for patients afflicted with different types of solid tumors. Among the mitotic kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, the Aurora kinases, the kinesin spindle protein and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have emerged as attractive targets of cancer therapeutics. The functions of mammalian PLK1-5 are traditionally linked to the regulation of the cell cycle and to the stress response. Especially the key role of PLK1 and PLK4 in cellular growth and proliferation, their overexpression in multiple types of human cancer and their druggability, make them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors for PLK1 and PLK4 are currently being tested in multiple cancer trials. The clinical success of microtubule-targeting agents is attributed not solely to the induction of a mitotic arrest in cancer cells, but also to non-mitotic effects like targeting intracellular trafficking on microtubules. This raises the question whether new cancer targets like PLK1 and PLK4 regulate critical non-mitotic functions in tumor cells. In this article we summarize the important roles of PLK1-5 for the regulation of non-mitotic signaling. Due to these functions it is conceivable that inhibitors for PLK1 or PLK4 can target interphase cells, which underscores their attractive potential as cancer drug targets. Moreover, we also describe the contribution of the tumor-suppressors PLK2, PLK3 and PLK5 to cancer cell signaling outside of mitosis. These observations highlight the urgent need to develop highly specific ATP-competitive inhibitors for PLK4 and for PLK1 like the 3rd generation PLK-inhibitor Onvansertib to prevent the inhibition of tumor-suppressor PLKs in- and outside of mitosis. The remarkable feature of PLKs to encompass a unique druggable domain, the polo-box-domain (PBD) that can be found only in PLKs offers the opportunity for the development of inhibitors that target PLKs exclusively. Beyond the development of mono-specific ATP-competitive PLK inhibitors, the PBD as drug target will support the design of new drugs that eradicate cancer cells based on the mitotic and non-mitotic function of PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Bibi N, Hupp T, Kamal MA, Rashid S. Elucidation of PLK1 Linked Biomarkers in Oesophageal Cancer Cell Lines: A Step Towards Novel Signaling Pathways by p53 and PLK1-Linked Functions Crosstalk. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:340-358. [PMID: 32875973 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527999200901201837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophgeal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is the most frequent cause of cancer death. POLO-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed in broad spectrum of tumors and has prognostic value in many cancers including esophageal cancer, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. p53, the guardian of genome is the most important tumor suppressors that represses the promoter of PLK1, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 are arrested in mitosis due to DNA damage. PLK1 expression has been linked to the elevated p53 expression and has been shown to act as a biomarker that predicts poor prognosis in OAC. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was identification of PLK1 associated phosphorylation targets in p53 mutant and p53 normal cells to explore the downstream signaling evets. METHODS Here we develop a proof-of-concept phospho-proteomics approach to identify possible biomarkers that can be used to identify mutant p53 or wild-type p53 pathways. We treated PLK1 asynchronously followed by mass spectrometry data analysis. Protein networking and motif analysis tools were used to identify the significant clusters and potential biomarkers. RESULTS We investigated approximately 1300 potential PLK1-dependent phosphopeptides by LCMS/ MS. In total, 2216 and 1155 high confidence phosphosites were identified in CP-A (p53+) and OE33 (p53-) cell lines owing to PLK1 inhibition. Further clustering and motif assessment uncovered many significant biomarkers with known and novel link to PLK1. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study suggests that PLK1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in human OAC. The data highlight the efficacy and specificity of small molecule PLK1 kinase inhibitors to identify novel signaling pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ted Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ng CZ, Ann Matthews A, Sum R, Goh SMP, Xu A, Yap LW, Cheong I. Calibrated liposomal release of the anti-mitotic agent BI-2536 increases the targeting of mitotic tumor cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 157:183-190. [PMID: 33222770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer drugs which are specifically targeted at mitosis have generally under-delivered as a class. One likely reason is that only a small percentage of cancer cells in a tumor are actually dividing at any moment. If this is the case, then prolonged bioavailability in the tumor should significantly increase the efficacy of antimitotic agents. Here, we show that if the Plk1 inhibitor BI 2536 is co-encapsulated in a liposome with a pair of anions, its release rate is dependent on both the identity and stoichiometry of the anions. We created a library of liposomes with varying release rates using this approach and found that liposomal drug release rates correlated inversely with in vitro cancer cell killing. Xenografted mice treated with a single dose of slow-releasing liposomal BI 2536 experienced tumor volume decreases lasting 12 days and complete responses in 20% of mice. Treatment with two doses a week apart increased the response rate to 75%. This approach, which we termed Paired Anion Calibrated Release (PACeR), has the potential to revive the clinical utility of antimitotic cancer drugs which have failed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rongji Sum
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Alex Xu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore
| | - Li-Wei Yap
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore
| | - Ian Cheong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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11
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"Mitotic Slippage" and Extranuclear DNA in Cancer Chemoresistance: A Focus on Telomeres. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082779. [PMID: 32316332 PMCID: PMC7215480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic slippage (MS), the incomplete mitosis that results in a doubled genome in interphase, is a typical response of TP53-mutant tumors resistant to genotoxic therapy. These polyploidized cells display premature senescence and sort the damaged DNA into the cytoplasm. In this study, we explored MS in the MDA-MB-231 cell line treated with doxorubicin (DOX). We found selective release into the cytoplasm of telomere fragments enriched in telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), telomere capping protein TRF2, and DNA double-strand breaks marked by γH2AX, in association with ubiquitin-binding protein SQSTM1/p62. This occurs along with the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) and DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) in the nuclear promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies. The cells in repeated MS cycles activate meiotic genes and display holocentric chromosomes characteristic for inverted meiosis (IM). These giant cells acquire an amoeboid phenotype and finally bud the depolyploidized progeny, restarting the mitotic cycling. We suggest the reversible conversion of the telomerase-driven telomere maintenance into ALT coupled with IM at the sub-telomere breakage sites introduced by meiotic nuclease SPO11. All three MS mechanisms converging at telomeres recapitulate the amoeba-like agamic life-cycle, decreasing the mutagenic load and enabling the recovery of recombined, reduced progeny for return into the mitotic cycle.
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12
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Identification of PLK1 as a New Therapeutic Target in Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030672. [PMID: 32183025 PMCID: PMC7140026 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer (mEOC) is a rare subset of epithelial ovarian cancer. When diagnosed at a late stage, its prognosis is very poor, as it is quite chemo-resistant. To find new therapeutic options for mEOC, we performed high-throughput screening using a siRNA library directed against human protein kinases in a mEOC cell line, and polo-like kinase1 (PLK1) was identified as the kinase whose downregulation interfered with cell proliferation. Both PLK1 siRNA and two specific PLK1 inhibitors (onvansertib and volasertib) were able to inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis and block cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. We evaluated, in vitro, the combinations of PLK1 inhibitors and different chemotherapeutic drugs currently used in the treatment of mEOC, and we observed a synergistic effect of PLK1 inhibitors and antimitotic drugs. When translated into an in vivo xenograft model, the combination of onvansertib and paclitaxel resulted in stronger tumor regressions and in a longer mice survival than the single treatments. These effects were associated with a higher induction of mitotic block and induction of apoptosis, similarly to what was observed in vitro. These data suggest that the combination onvansertib/paclitaxel could represent a new active therapeutic option in mEOC.
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13
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Marashiyan M, Kalhor H, Ganji M, Rahimi H. Effects of tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester (TAME) on the APC/c subunits: An in silico investigation for inhibiting cell cycle. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 97:107563. [PMID: 32066079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/c) is requisite for controlling mitosis, which is activated by Cdh1 and Cdc20 activators. Dysregulation of APC/c is observed in many cancers and is known as a targeted drug particularly in cancer drug resistance. It was shown that tosyl-l-arginine methyl ester (TAME), via mimicking isoleucine-arginine (IR) tail of co-activators, inhibits APC/c functions. However, structure details and interaction of TAME with APC/c are poorly defined. In the current study, a well-established set of computational methods was used to identify the best binding pocket in order to inhibit APC activity. Therefore, the interaction of IR tail and Cbox of co-activators, as well as TAME as an inhibitor, as an inhibitor, with APC3 and APC8 subunits of APC/c were analyzed, regarding structure, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and free binding energy. The results indicated that TAME bound to APC3 with a higher binding affinity (∼-7.3 kcal/mol) than APC8 (∼-5.7 kcal/mol). Also, the binding free energy value obtained for the APC3-TAME was -22.25 ± 1.12 kcal/mol. According to binding free energies, van der Waals energy was the major favorable contributor to the ligand binding. These results offer that TAME had more affinity to interact with the APC3 subunit, at the IR binding pocket than the APC8 subunit at the Cbox binding pocket. In conclusion, IR binding pocket can serve as an appropriate potential target for TAME as an inhibitor of APC/c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Marashiyan
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hourieh Kalhor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center,Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maziar Ganji
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Volasertib preclinical activity in high-risk hepatoblastoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6403-6417. [PMID: 31741706 PMCID: PMC6849653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed and metastatic hepatoblastoma represents an unmet clinical need with limited chemotherapy treatment options. In a chemical screen, we identified volasertib as an agent with in vitro activity, inhibiting hepatoblastoma cell growth while sparing normal hepatocytes. Volasertib targets PLK1 and prevents the progression of mitosis, resulting in eventual cell death. PLK1 is overexpressed in hepatoblastoma biopsies relative to normal liver tissue. As a potential therapeutic strategy, we tested the combination of volasertib and the relapse-related hepatoblastoma chemotherapeutic irinotecan. We found both in vitro and in vivo efficacy of this combination, which may merit further preclinical investigation and exploration for a clinical trial concept.
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15
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Li N, Engels E, Davis JA, Dipuglia A, Vogel S, Valceski M, Rosenfeld AB, Lerch MLF, Corde S, Tehei M. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor BI6727 sensitizes 9L gliosarcoma cells to ionizing irradiation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab4d0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Lin SF, Lin JD, Yeh CN, Huang YT, Chou TC, Wong RJ. Targeting PLKs as a therapeutic approach to well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:727-738. [PMID: 31189135 PMCID: PMC7475022 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are pivotal regulators of cell proliferation and cell survival; therefore, PLKs may be potential targets in the treatment of malignancy. The therapeutic effects of volasertib, a PLKs inhibitor for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer (known as well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC)), were evaluated in this study. Volasertib inhibited cell proliferation in two papillary and two follicular thyroid cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Volasertib treatment reduced cells in the S phase and increased cells in the G2/M phase. Volasertib activated caspase-3 activity and induced apoptosis. Drug combinations of volasertib and sorafenib showed mostly synergism in four well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Volasertib treatment in vivo retarded the growth of a papillary thyroid tumor model. Furthermore, the combination of volasertib with sorafenib was more effective than a single treatment of either in a follicular thyroid cancer xenograft model. Promising safety profiles appeared in animals treated with either volasertib alone or volasertib and sorafenib combination therapy. These findings support volasertib as a potential drug for the treatment of patients with WDTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chao Chou
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Current address: PD Science, Inc., 599 Mill Run, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Richard J. Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Raab M, Strebhardt K, Rudd CE. Immune adaptor SKAP1 acts a scaffold for Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) for the optimal cell cycling of T-cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10462. [PMID: 31320682 PMCID: PMC6639320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the immune cell adaptor protein SKAP1 mediates LFA-1 activation induced by antigen-receptor (TCR/CD3) ligation on T-cells, it is unclear whether the adaptor interacts with other mediators of T-cell function. In this context, the serine/threonine kinase, polo-like kinase (PLK1) regulates multiple steps in the mitotic and cell cycle progression of mammalian cells. Here, we show that SKAP1 is phosphorylated by and binds to PLK1 for the optimal cycling of T-cells. PLK1 binds to the N-terminal residue serine 31 (S31) of SKAP1 and the interaction is needed for optimal PLK1 kinase activity. Further, siRNA knock-down of SKAP1 reduced the rate of T-cell division concurrent with a delay in the expression of PLK1, Cyclin A and pH3. Reconstitution of these KD cells with WT SKAP1, but not the SKAP1 S31 mutant, restored normal cell division. SKAP1-PLK1 binding is dynamically regulated during the cell cycle of T-cells. Our findings identify a novel role for SKAP1 in the regulation of PLK1 and optimal cell cycling needed for T-cell clonal expansion in response to antigenic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, J.W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Cell Signaling Section, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, CB2 1Q, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, J.W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher E Rudd
- Cell Signaling Section, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, CB2 1Q, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre de Recherch-Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR), Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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18
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Van den Bossche J, Deben C, De Pauw I, Lambrechts H, Hermans C, Deschoolmeester V, Jacobs J, Specenier P, Pauwels P, Vermorken JB, Peeters M, Lardon F, Wouters A. In vitro study of the Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor volasertib in non-small-cell lung cancer reveals a role for the tumor suppressor p53. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1196-1213. [PMID: 30859681 PMCID: PMC6487694 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a master regulator of mitosis and the DNA damage response, is considered to be an intriguing target in the research field of mitotic intervention. The observation that Plk1 is overexpressed in multiple human malignancies, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gave rise to the development of several small-molecule inhibitors. Volasertib, presently the most extensively studied Plk1 inhibitor, has been validated to efficiently reduce tumor growth in preclinical settings. Unfortunately, only modest antitumor activity against solid tumors was reported in clinical trials. This discrepancy prompted research into the identification of predictive biomarkers. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of volasertib monotherapy (i.e., cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution, apoptotic cell death, cellular senescence, and migration) in a panel of NSCLC cell lines differing in p53 status under both normal and reduced oxygen tension (<0.1% O2 ). A strong growth inhibitory effect was observed in p53 wild-type cells (A549 and A549-NTC), with IC50 values significantly lower than those in p53 knockdown/mutant cells (A549-920 and NCI-H1975) (P < 0.001). While mitotic arrest was significantly greater in cells with nonfunctional p53 (P < 0.005), apoptotic cell death (P < 0.026) and cellular senescence (P < 0.021) were predominantly induced in p53 wild-type cells. Overall, the therapeutic effect of volasertib was reduced under hypoxia (P < 0.050). Remarkably, volasertib inhibited cell migration in all cell lines tested (P < 0.040), with the exception of for the NCI-H1975 p53 mutant cell line. In conclusion, our results show an important difference in the therapeutic effect of Plk1 inhibition in NSCLC cells with versus without functional p53. Overall, the p53 wild-type cell lines were more sensitive to volasertib treatment, suggesting that p53 might be a predictive biomarker for Plk1 inhibition in NSCLC. Moreover, our results pave the way for new combination strategies with Plk1 inhibitors to enhance antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Ines De Pauw
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Hilde Lambrechts
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Christophe Hermans
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Department of PathologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Vanessa Deschoolmeester
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Department of PathologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Julie Jacobs
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Department of PathologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Pol Specenier
- Department of OncologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Department of PathologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Jan Baptist Vermorken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Department of OncologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
- Department of OncologyAntwerp University HospitalEdegemBelgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)University of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
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19
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Ke Z, Cai H, Wu Y, Lin Y, Li X, Huang J, Sun X, Zheng Q, Xue X, Wei Y, Xu N. Identification of key genes and pathways in benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19942-19950. [PMID: 31187492 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Bin Ke
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Hai Cai
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Yu‐Peng Wu
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Yun‐Zhi Lin
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Li
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Jin‐Bei Huang
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Xiong‐Lin Sun
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Qing‐Shui Zheng
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Xue‐Yi Xue
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Yong Wei
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Ning Xu
- Departments of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
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20
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Raab M, Sanhaji M, Zhou S, Rödel F, El-Balat A, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Blocking Mitotic Exit of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Pharmaceutical Inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Reduces Chromosomal Instability. Neoplasia 2019; 21:363-375. [PMID: 30851646 PMCID: PMC6407080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a frontline drug for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, following paclitaxel-platinum based chemotherapy, tumor recurrence occurs in most ovarian cancer patients. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and represents genetic variation fueling tumor adaptation to cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. In this study, our Kaplan-Meier analysis including 263 ovarian cancer patients (stages I/II) revealed that high Polo-like kinase (PLK) 1 expression correlates with bad prognosis. To evaluate the role of PLK1 as potential cancer target within a combinatorial trial, we induced strong mitotic arrest in ovarian cancer cell lines by synergistically co-targeting microtubules (paclitaxel) and PLK1 (BI6727) followed by pharmaceutical inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC/C) using proTAME. In short- and long-term experiments, this triple treatment strongly activated apoptosis in cell lines and primary ovarian cells derived from cancer patients. Mechanistically, BI6727/paclitaxel/proTAME stabilize Cyclin B1 and trigger mitotic arrest, which initiates mitochondrial apoptosis by inactivation of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, followed by activation of caspase-dependent effector pathways. This triple treatment prevented endoreduplication and reduced CIN, two mechanisms that are associated with aggressive tumors and the acquisition of drug resistance. This "two-punch strategy" (strong mitotic arrest followed by blocking mitotic exit) has important implications for developing paclitaxel-based combinatorial treatments in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) / German Cancer Research Center, partner site, Frankfurt a. M
| | - Ahmed El-Balat
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) / German Cancer Research Center, partner site, Frankfurt a. M..
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21
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Watts E, Heidenreich D, Tucker E, Raab M, Strebhardt K, Chesler L, Knapp S, Bellenie B, Hoelder S. Designing Dual Inhibitors of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and Bromodomain-4 (BRD4) by Tuning Kinase Selectivity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2618-2637. [PMID: 30789735 PMCID: PMC6421522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Concomitant inhibition of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and bromodomain-4 (BRD4) is a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting two key oncogenic drivers that co-segregate in a significant fraction of high-risk neuroblastoma patients, mutation of ALK and amplification of MYCN. Starting from known dual polo-like kinase (PLK)-1-BRD4 inhibitor BI-2536, we employed structure-based design to redesign this series toward compounds with a dual ALK-BRD4 profile. These efforts led to compound ( R)-2-((2-ethoxy-4-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl)amino)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-8-((4-methylthiophen-2-yl)methyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-6(5 H)-one (16k) demonstrating improved ALK activity and significantly reduced PLK-1 activity, while maintaining BRD4 activity and overall kinome selectivity. We demonstrate the compounds' on-target engagement with ALK and BRD4 in cells as well as favorable broad kinase and bromodomain selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Watts
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, U.K.
| | - David Heidenreich
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University
Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Tucker
- Paediatric
and Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, U.K.
| | - Monika Raab
- Department
of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern
Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department
of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern
Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Louis Chesler
- Paediatric
and Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, U.K.
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute
for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University
Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer
Network (DKTK), Site
Frankfurt/Mainz, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bellenie
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, U.K.
| | - Swen Hoelder
- Cancer
Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, U.K.
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22
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Liu X, Chen Y, Li Y, Petersen RB, Huang K. Targeting mitosis exit: A brake for cancer cell proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:179-191. [PMID: 30611728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transition from mitosis to interphase, referred to as mitotic exit, is a critical mitotic process which involves activation and inactivation of multiple mitotic kinases and counteracting protein phosphatases. Loss of mitotic exit checkpoints is a common feature of cancer cells, leading to mitotic dysregulation and confers cancer cells with oncogenic characteristics, such as aberrant proliferation and microtubule-targeting agent (MTA) resistance. Since MTA resistance results from cancer cells prematurely exiting mitosis (mitotic slippage), blocking mitotic exit is believed to be a promising anticancer strategy. Moreover, based on this theory, simultaneous inhibition of mitotic exit and additional cell cycle phases would likely achieve synergistic antitumor effects. In this review, we divide the molecular regulators of mitotic exit into four categories based on their different regulatory functions: 1) the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C, a ubiquitin ligase), 2) cyclin B, 3) mitotic kinases and phosphatases, 4) kinesins and microtubule-binding proteins. We also review the regulators of mitotic exit and propose prospective anticancer strategies targeting mitotic exit, including their strengths and possible challenges to their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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23
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De Martino D, Yilmaz E, Orlacchio A, Ranieri M, Zhao K, Di Cristofano A. PI3K blockage synergizes with PLK1 inhibition preventing endoreduplication and enhancing apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:56-65. [PMID: 30243708 PMCID: PMC6195833 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is among the most lethal malignancies. The mitotic kinase PLK1 is overexpressed in the majority of ATCs and PLK1 inhibitors have shown preclinical efficacy. However, they also cause mitotic slippage and endoreduplication, leading to the generation of tetraploid, genetically unstable cell populations. We hypothesized that PI3K activity may facilitate mitotic slippage upon PLK1 inhibition, and thus tested the effect of combining PLK1 and PI3K inhibitors in ATC models, in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with BI6727 and BKM120 resulted in a significant synergistic effect in ATC cells, independent of the levels of AKT activity. Combination of the two drugs enhanced growth suppression at doses for which the single drugs showed no effect, and led to a massive reduction of the tetraploid cells population. Furthermore, combined treatment in PI3Khigh cell lines showed a significant induction of apoptosis. Finally, combined inhibition of PI3K and PLK1 was extremely effective in vivo, in an immunocompetent allograft model of ATC. Our results demonstrate a clear therapeutic potential of combining PLK1 and PI3K inhibitors in anaplastic thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Martino
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Emrullah Yilmaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Arturo Orlacchio
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Michela Ranieri
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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24
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Colicino EG, Hehnly H. Regulating a key mitotic regulator, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:481-494. [PMID: 30414309 PMCID: PMC7113694 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During cell division, duplicated genetic material is separated into two distinct daughter cells. This process is essential for initial tissue formation during development and to maintain tissue integrity throughout an organism's lifetime. To ensure the efficacy and efficiency of this process, the cell employs a variety of regulatory and signaling proteins that function as mitotic regulators and checkpoint proteins. One vital mitotic regulator is polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a highly conserved member of the polo-like kinase family. Unique from its paralogues, it functions specifically during mitosis as a regulator of cell division. PLK1 is spatially and temporally enriched at three distinct subcellular locales; the mitotic centrosomes, kinetochores, and the cytokinetic midbody. These localization patterns allow PLK1 to phosphorylate specific downstream targets to regulate mitosis. In this review, we will explore how polo-like kinases were originally discovered and diverged into the five paralogues (PLK1-5) in mammals. We will then focus specifically on the most conserved, PLK1, where we will discuss what is known about how its activity is modulated, its role during the cell cycle, and new, innovative tools that have been developed to examine its function and interactions in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica G. Colicino
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
- Department of BiologySyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew York
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Chan KK, Wong OGW, Wong ESY, Chan KKL, Ip PPC, Tse KY, Cheung ANY. Impact of iASPP on chemoresistance through PLK1 and autophagy in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1456-1469. [PMID: 29663364 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a type of epithelial ovarian cancer that is strongly associated with endometriosis, resistance against conventional chemotherapy and thus poorer prognosis. The expression of inhibitory member of the ASPP family proteins (iASPP) and Polo-like kinase (PLK)1 were significantly higher in OCCC compared to benign cystadenomas and endometriosis. Both protein expressions were found to correlate with chemoresistance in patients with OCCC while high iASPP expression alone was significantly associated with a poor patient survival. The growth of OCCC cell lines, OVTOKO and KK, were inhibited after iASPP silencing. Such effect was related to senescence triggering as evidenced by increased SA-β-Gal staining and p21WAF1/Cip1 expression. Moreover, knockdown of iASPP induced PLK1 downregulation, whereas either genes' silencing sensitized the cells in response to cisplatin treatment. More prominent apoptosis was induced by cisplatin in OCCC cells after the knockdown of either iASPP or PLK1 as evidenced by the formation of more cleaved caspase 3. Heightened chemosensitivity to cisplatin after iASPP knockdown was further demonstrated in in vivo xenograft model. Additionally, both iASPP and PLK1 were shown to regulate autophagic flux as the induction of LC3B-II and LC3 puncta were much less in OCCC cells with either knockdown. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy also enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin in OCCC cells. These findings strongly imply that iASPP and PLK1 affect the chemoresistance of OCCC via the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Both iASPP and PLK1 can be potential therapeutic targets for treating OCCC in combination with conventional chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Kui Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Oscar Gee-Wan Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Esther Shuk-Ying Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Kar-Loen Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Philip Pun-Ching Ip
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Yu Tse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Annie Nga-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Raab M, Sanhaji M, Matthess Y, Hörlin A, Lorenz I, Dötsch C, Habbe N, Waidmann O, Kurunci-Csacsko E, Firestein R, Becker S, Strebhardt K. PLK1 has tumor-suppressive potential in APC-truncated colon cancer cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1106. [PMID: 29549256 PMCID: PMC5856809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) acts as a molecular safeguard in ensuring faithful chromosome transmission during mitosis, which is regulated by a complex interplay between phosphatases and kinases including PLK1. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) germline mutations cause aneuploidy and are responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Here we study the role of PLK1 in colon cancer cells with chromosomal instability promoted by APC truncation (APC-ΔC). The expression of APC-ΔC in colon cells reduces the accumulation of mitotic cells upon PLK1 inhibition, accelerates mitotic exit and increases the survival of cells with enhanced chromosomal abnormalities. The inhibition of PLK1 in mitotic, APC-∆C-expressing cells reduces the kinetochore levels of Aurora B and hampers the recruitment of SAC component suggesting a compromised mitotic checkpoint. Furthermore, Plk1 inhibition (RNAi, pharmacological compounds) promotes the development of adenomatous polyps in two independent Apc Min/+ mouse models. High PLK1 expression increases the survival of colon cancer patients expressing a truncated APC significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yves Matthess
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)/ German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Hörlin
- Institute of Pathology at the Department of Pathology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ioana Lorenz
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Dötsch
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nils Habbe
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Waidmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, AU 31681, Australia
- Department of Molecular Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)/ German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Klauck PJ, Bagby SM, Capasso A, Bradshaw-Pierce EL, Selby HM, Spreafico A, Tentler JJ, Tan AC, Kim J, Arcaroli JJ, Purkey A, Messersmith WA, Kuida K, Gail Eckhardt S, Pitts TM. Antitumor activity of the polo-like kinase inhibitor, TAK-960, against preclinical models of colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:136. [PMID: 29402316 PMCID: PMC5800287 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is a key regulator of multiple stages of mitotic progression. Plk1 is upregulated in many tumor types including colorectal cancer (CRC) and portends a poor prognosis. TAK-960 is an ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy across a broad range of cancer cell lines, including CRC. In this study, we investigated the activity of TAK-960 against a large collection of CRC models including 55 cell lines and 18 patient-derived xenografts. METHODS Fifty-five CRC cell lines and 18 PDX models were exposed to TAK-960 and evaluated for proliferation (IC50) and Tumor Growth Inhibition Index, respectively. Additionally, 2 KRAS wild type and 2 KRAS mutant PDX models were treated with TAK-960 as single agent or in combination with cetuximab or irinotecan. TAK-960 mechanism of action was elucidated through immunoblotting and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS CRC cell lines demonstrated a variable anti-proliferative response to TAK-960 with IC50 values ranging from 0.001 to > 0.75 μmol/L. Anti-proliferative effects were sustained after removal of drug. Following TAK-960 treatment a highly variable accumulation of mitotic (indicating cell cycle arrest) and apoptotic markers was observed. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that TAK-960 treatment induced G2/M arrest and polyploidy. Six out of the eighteen PDX models responded to single agent TAK-960 therapy (TGII< 20). The addition of TAK-960 to standard of care chemotherapy resulted in largely additive antitumor effects. CONCLUSION TAK-960 is an active anti-proliferative agent against CRC cell lines and PDX models. Collectively, these data suggest that TAK-960 may be of therapeutic benefit alone or in combination with other agents, although future work should focus on the development of predictive biomarkers and hypothesis-driven rational combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Klauck
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Stacey M. Bagby
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Anna Capasso
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Erica L. Bradshaw-Pierce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- Takeda California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Heather M. Selby
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - John J. Tentler
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - John J. Arcaroli
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Alicia Purkey
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Wells A. Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Keisuke Kuida
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - S. Gail Eckhardt
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Todd M. Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
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Dong J, Park SY, Nguyen N, Ezhilarasan R, Martinez-Ledesma E, Wu S, Henry V, Piao Y, Tiao N, Brunell D, Stephan C, Verhaak R, Sulman E, Balasubramaniyan V, de Groot JF. The polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor volasertib synergistically increases radiation efficacy in glioma stem cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29535822 PMCID: PMC5828226 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the availability of hundreds of cancer drugs, there is insufficient data on the efficacy of these drugs on the extremely heterogeneous tumor cell populations of glioblastoma (GBM). Results The PKIS of 357 compounds was initially evaluated in 15 different GSC lines which then led to a more focused screening of the 21 most highly active compounds in 11 unique GSC lines using HTS screening for cell viability. We further validated the HTS result with the second-generation PLK1 inhibitor volasertib as a single agent and in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). In vitro studies showed that volasertib inhibited cell viability, and high levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL expression were highly correlated with volasertib resistance. Volasertib sensitized GSCs to radiation therapy by enhancing G2/M arrest and by inducing apoptosis. Colony-formation assay demonstrated that volasertib plus IR synergistically inhibited colony formation. In intracranial xenograft mouse models, the combination of volasertib and radiation significantly inhibited GSC tumor growth and prolonged median survival compared with radiation treatment alone due to inhibition of cell proliferation, enhancement of DNA damage, and induction of apoptosis. Conclusions Our results reinforce the potential therapeutic efficacy of volasertib in combination with radiation for the treatment of GBM. Methods We used high-throughput screening (HTS) to identify drugs, out of 357 compounds in the published Protein Kinase Inhibitor Set, with the greatest efficacy against a panel of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are representative of the classic cancer genome atlas (TCGA) molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Dong
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soon Young Park
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center at Houston, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ravesanker Ezhilarasan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaofang Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Verlene Henry
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuji Piao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ningyi Tiao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Brunell
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center at Houston, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center at Houston, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roel Verhaak
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Erik Sulman
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhang Z, Zhang G, Gao Z, Li S, Li Z, Bi J, Liu X, Li Z, Kong C. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes associated with PLK1 in bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:861. [PMID: 29246203 PMCID: PMC5732388 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1) has become increasingly essential as both a biomarker and a target for cancer treatment. Here, we aimed to determine the downstream genes of PLK1 and their effects on the carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer. METHODS Specific siRNA was utilized to silence the target gene expression. The cell proliferation, invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells by MTT assay, BrdU assay and transwell assay. The differential expression genes were identified using Affymetrix HTA2.0 Array. The KEGG, GO and STRING analysis were used to analyze the signaling pathway and protein-protein interaction. Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between protein and protein, between protein and clincopathologic characteristics. RESULTS PLK1 siRNA hindered the proliferation, invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells, as determined by the MTT, BrdU and transwell assays. A total of 561 differentially expressed genes were identified using an Affymetrix HTA2.0 Array in PLK1 knockdown T24 cells. According to KEGG, GO and STRING analysis, five key genes (BUB1B, CCNB1, CDC25A, FBXO5, NDC80) were determined to be involved in cell proliferation, invasion and migration. PLK1 knockdown decreased BUB1B, CCNB1, CDC25A and NDC80 expressions but increased FBXO5 expression. BUB1B, CCNB1, CDC25A and NDC80 were positively correlated with cell proliferation, invasion, migration and PLK1 expression in tissues, but FBXO5 was negatively correlated with each of those factors. The results showed that the five genes expressions were significantly correlation with the PLK1 expression in normal bladder tissues and bladder cancer tissues. Four of them (BUB1B, CCNB1, CDC25A, NDC80) were obviously positive correlations with pT stage and metastasis. But FBXO5 was negative correlated with pT stage and metastasis. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between CCNB1 or CDC25A or NDC80 and histological grade; between BUB1B or NDC80 and recurrence. CONCLUSION Five downstream genes of PLK1 were associated with the regulation of cell proliferation, invasion and migration in bladder cancer. Furthermore, these genes may play important roles in bladder cancer and become important biomarkers and targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001 China
- Institute of Urology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022 China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001 China
- Institute of Urology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Shiguang Li
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001 China
- Institute of Urology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Zeliang Li
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001 China
- Institute of Urology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001 China
- Institute of Urology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Xiankui Liu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001 China
- Institute of Urology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001 China
- Institute of Urology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001 China
- Institute of Urology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
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30
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Combes G, Alharbi I, Braga LG, Elowe S. Playing polo during mitosis: PLK1 takes the lead. Oncogene 2017; 36:4819-4827. [PMID: 28436952 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), the prototypical member of the polo-like family of serine/threonine kinases, is a pivotal regulator of mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotes. Many layers of regulation have evolved to target PLK1 to different subcellular structures and to its various mitotic substrates in line with its numerous functions during mitosis. Collective work is starting to illuminate an important set of substrates for PLK1: the mitotic kinases that together ensure the fidelity of the cell division process. Amongst these, recent developments argue that PLK1 regulates the activity of the histone kinases Aurora B and Haspin to define centromere identity, of MPS1 to initiate spindle checkpoint signaling, and of BUB1 and its pseudokinase paralog BUBR1 to coordinate spindle checkpoint activation and inactivation. Here, we review the recent work describing the regulation of these kinases by PLK1. We highlight common themes throughout and argue that a major mitotic function of PLK1 is as a master regulator of these key kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Combes
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - I Alharbi
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - L G Braga
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Elowe
- Program in Molecular and Cellular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Axe of Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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31
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Nguyen T, Parker R, Hawkins E, Holkova B, Yazbeck V, Kolluri A, Kmieciak M, Rahmani M, Grant S. Synergistic interactions between PLK1 and HDAC inhibitors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells occur in vitro and in vivo and proceed through multiple mechanisms. Oncotarget 2017; 8:31478-31493. [PMID: 28416758 PMCID: PMC5458223 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor volasertib and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) belinostat were examined in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of DLBCL cells to very low concentrations of volasertib in combination with belinostat synergistically increased cell death (apoptosis). Similar interactions occurred in GC-, ABC-, double-hit DLBCL cells, MCL cells, bortezomib-resistant cells and primary lymphoma cells. Co-exposure to volasertib/belinostat induced a marked increase in M-phase arrest, phospho-histone H3, mitotic errors, cell death in M-phase, and DNA damage. Belinostat diminished c-Myc mRNA and protein expression, an effect significantly enhanced by volasertib co-exposure. c-Myc knock-down increased DNA damage and cell death in response to volasertib, arguing that c-Myc down-regulation plays a functional role in the lethality of this regimen. Notably, PLK1 knock-down in DLBCL cells significantly increased belinostat-induced M-phase accumulation, phospho-histone H3, γH2AX, and cell death. Co-administration of volasertib and belinostat dramatically reduced tumor growth in an ABC-DLBCL flank model (U2932) and a systemic double-hit lymphoma model (OCI-Ly18), accompanied by a pronounced increase in survival without significant weight loss or other toxicities. Together, these findings indicate that PLK1/HDAC inhibition warrants attention as a therapeutic strategy in NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca Parker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elisa Hawkins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Beata Holkova
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Victor Yazbeck
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Akhil Kolluri
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maciej Kmieciak
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Sciences Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mohamed Rahmani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
- Departments of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Virginia Institute for Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Sciences Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Xu L, Zhu Y, Shao J, Chen M, Yan H, Li G, Zhu Y, Xu Z, Yang B, Luo P, He Q. Dasatinib synergises with irinotecan to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting the protein synthesis of PLK1. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1027-1036. [PMID: 28267710 PMCID: PMC5396112 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of malignant tumour and has poor prognosis. Currently, systematic chemotherapy is the only approach to prolong survival. Thus the development of new treatment regimens is urgently needed to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Our study intended to assess the combination of dasatinib and irinotecan against HCC and made an effort to develop a potential medical choice for advanced HCC patients. METHODS We used SRB colorimetric assay and clonogenic assay to assess antitumour effect in vitro and HCC xenograft model to assess antitumour effect in vivo. We applied flow cytometry and western blotting to explore the mechanism of the combined therapy. Knockdown and overexpression of PLK1 are also applied for validation. RESULTS We confirmed that dasatinib has synergistic effect with irinotecan (or SN38) on HCC both in vitro and in vivo. The effect is due to arisen apoptosis rate of HCC cells that is accompanied by mitochondria dysfunction. The enhanced antitumour efficacy of SN38 could be explained by additional inhibition of PLK1, which is triggered by dasatinib. Unlike existed PLK1 inhibitors, dasatinib does not inhibit PLK1 activity in a direct way. Instead, we found that dasatinib reduces PLK1 level by interfering with its protein synthesis progress. We validated that this kind of downregulation of PLK1 level has a key role in the synergistic effect of the two agents. CONCLUSIONS Dasatinib is able to reinforce the anti-HCC efficacy of irinotecan/SN38 by downregulation of PLK1 synthesis. The combination of the two agents might be a potential medical choice for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanrun Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinjin Shao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guanqun Li
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Buliaková B, Mesárošová M, Bábelová A, Šelc M, Némethová V, Šebová L, Rázga F, Ursínyová M, Chalupa I, Gábelová A. Surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles act as aneugen-like spindle poison. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:69-80. [PMID: 27593490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the most promising types of nanoparticles for biomedical applications, primarily in the context of nanomedicine-based diagnostics and therapy; hence, great attention should be paid to their bio-safety. Here, we investigate the ability of surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to produce chromosome damage in human alveolar A549 cells. Compared to control cells, all the applied MNPs increased the level of micronuclei moderately but did not cause structural chromosomal aberrations in exposed cells. A rise in endoreplication, polyploid and multinuclear cells along with disruption of tubulin filaments, downregulation of Aurora protein kinases and p53 protein activation indicated the capacity of these MNPs to impair the chromosomal passenger complex and/or centrosome maturation. We suppose that surface-modified MNPs may act as aneugen-like spindle poisons via interference with tubulin polymerization. Further studies on experimental animals revealing mechanisms of therapeutic-aimed MNPs are required to confirm their suitability as potential anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Buliaková
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Mesárošová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Bábelová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Šelc
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Lívia Šebová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Filip Rázga
- Polymer Institute, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ivan Chalupa
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Gábelová
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, BMC SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Subramaniyan B, Jagadeesan K, Ramakrishnan S, Mathan G. Targeting the interaction of Aurora kinases and SIRT1 mediated by Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer: A critical review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:413-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Van den Bossche J, Lardon F, Deschoolmeester V, De Pauw I, Vermorken JB, Specenier P, Pauwels P, Peeters M, Wouters A. Spotlight on Volasertib: Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of a Promising Plk1 Inhibitor. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:749-86. [PMID: 27140825 DOI: 10.1002/med.21392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Considering the important side effects of conventional microtubule targeting agents, more and more research focuses on regulatory proteins for the development of mitosis-specific agents. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a master regulator of several cell cycle events, has arisen as an intriguing target in this research field. The observed overexpression of Plk1 in a broad range of human malignancies has given rise to the development of several potent and specific small molecule inhibitors targeting the kinase. In this review, we focus on volasertib (BI6727), the lead agent in category of Plk1 inhibitors at the moment. Numerous preclinical experiments have demonstrated that BI6727 is highly active across a variety of carcinoma cell lines, and the inhibitor has been reported to induce tumor regression in several xenograft models. Moreover, volasertib has shown clinical efficacy in multiple tumor types. As a result, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently awarded volasertib the Breakthrough Therapy status after significant benefit was observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with the Plk1 inhibitor. Here, we discuss both preclinical and clinical data available for volasertib administered as monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies in a broad range of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Van den Bossche
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - F Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - V Deschoolmeester
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - I De Pauw
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J B Vermorken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - P Specenier
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - P Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - M Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - A Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Gemble S, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Onclercq-Delic R, Biard D, Lambert S, Amor-Guéret M. A balanced pyrimidine pool is required for optimal Chk1 activation to prevent ultrafine anaphase bridge formation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3167-77. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.187781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) deficiency induces an excess of cellular dCTP, which reduces basal PARP-1 activity, thereby compromising complete DNA replication, leading to ultrafine anaphase bridge (UFB) formation. CDA dysfunction has pathological implications, notably in cancer and in Bloom syndrome. It remains unknown how reduced levels of PARP-1 activity and pyrimidine pool imbalance lead to the accumulation of unreplicated DNA during mitosis. We report that a decrease in PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells impairs DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation, and, thus, the downstream checkpoints. Chemical inhibition of the ATR-Chk1 pathway leads to UFB accumulation, and we found that this pathway was compromised in CDA-deficient cells. Our data demonstrate that ATR-Chk1 acts downstream from PARP-1, preventing the accumulation of unreplicated DNA in mitosis, and, thus, UFB formation. Finally, delaying entry into mitosis is sufficient to prevent UFB formation in both CDA-deficient and CDA-proficient cells, suggesting that both physiological and pathological UFBs are derived from unreplicated DNA. Our findings demonstrate an unsuspected requirement for a balanced nucleotide pool for optimal Chk1 activation both in unchallenged cells and in response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gemble
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Rosine Onclercq-Delic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Denis Biard
- CEA, DSV, iMETI, SEPIA, 18, route du Panorama. Bât. 60, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Lambert
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
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O'Connor A, Maffini S, Rainey MD, Kaczmarczyk A, Gaboriau D, Musacchio A, Santocanale C. Requirement for PLK1 kinase activity in the maintenance of a robust spindle assembly checkpoint. Biol Open 2015; 5:11-9. [PMID: 26685311 PMCID: PMC4728306 DOI: 10.1242/bio.014969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitotic arrest induced by microtubule targeting drugs, the weakening of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) allows cells to progress through the cell cycle without chromosome segregation occurring. PLK1 kinase plays a major role in mitosis and emerging evidence indicates that PLK1 is also involved in establishing the checkpoint and maintaining SAC signalling. However, mechanistically, the role of PLK1 in the SAC is not fully understood, with several recent reports indicating that it can cooperate with either one of the major checkpoint kinases, Aurora B or MPS1. In this study, we assess the role of PLK1 in SAC maintenance. We find that in nocodazole-arrested U2OS cells, PLK1 activity is continuously required for maintaining Aurora B protein localisation and activity at kinetochores. Consistent with published data we find that upon PLK1 inhibition, phosphoThr3-H3, a marker of Haspin activity, is reduced. Intriguingly, Aurora B inhibition causes PLK1 to relocalise from kinetochores into fewer and much larger foci, possibly due to incomplete recruitment of outer kinetochore proteins. Importantly, PLK1 inhibition, together with partial inhibition of Aurora B, allows efficient SAC override to occur. This phenotype is more pronounced than the phenotype observed by combining the same PLK1 inhibitors with partial MPS1 inhibition. We also find that PLK1 inhibition does not obviously cooperate with Haspin inhibition to promote SAC override. These results indicate that PLK1 is directly involved in maintaining efficient SAC signalling, possibly by cooperating in a positive feedback loop with Aurora B, and that partially redundant mechanisms exist which reinforce the SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling O'Connor
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Michael D Rainey
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczmarczyk
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David Gaboriau
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Dortmund 44227, Germany Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Corrado Santocanale
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Hu ZB, Liao XH, Xu ZY, Yang X, Dong C, Jin AM, Lu H. PLK2 phosphorylates and inhibits enriched TAp73 in human osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Med 2015; 5:74-87. [PMID: 26625870 PMCID: PMC4708894 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TAp73, a member of the p53 tumor suppressor family, can substitute for p53 function, especially in p53‐null and p53‐mutant cells. However, TAp73 enrichment and phosphorylation change its transcriptional activity. Previously, we found that the antitumor function of TAp73 was reactivated by dephosphorylation. Polo‐like kinase 2 (PLK2) plays an important role in bone development. Using a biological information database and phosphorylation prediction software, we hypothesized that PLK2 phosphorylates TAp73 and inhibits TAp73 function in osteosarcomas. Actually,we determined that PLK2 physically binds to and phosphorylates TAp73 when TAp73 protein abundance is up‐regulated by cisplatin. PLK2‐phosphorylated TAp73 at residue Ser48 within the TA domain; phosphorylation of TAp73 was abolished by mutating this residue. Moreover, PLK2 inhibition combined with cisplatin treatment in osteosarcoma Saos2 cells up‐regulated p21 and puma mRNA expression to a greater extent than cisplatin treatment alone. Inhibiting PLK2 in TAp73‐enriched Saos2 cells resulted in inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, G1 phase arrest, and decreased cell invasion. However, these changes did not occur in TAp73 knockdown Saos2 cells. In conclusion, these findings reveal a novel PLK2 function in the phosphorylation of TAp73, which prevents TAp73 activity in osteosarcoma cells. Thereby, this research provides an insight into the clinical treatment of malignant tumors overexpressing TAp73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Bo Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Xiao Hong Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Zun Ying Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - An Min Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510665, China
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Hu Z, Xu Z, Liao X, Yang X, Dong C, Luk K, Jin A, Lu H. Polo-like kinase 2 acting as a promoter in human tumor cells with an abundance of TAp73. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3475-88. [PMID: 26640387 PMCID: PMC4662374 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s90302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TAp73, a member of the p53 tumor suppressor family, is frequently overexpressed in malignant tumors in humans. TAp73 abundance and phosphorylation modification result in variations in transcriptional activity. In a previous study, we found that the antitumor function of TAp73 was reactivated by dephosphorylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) displayed a close relationship with the p53 family in affecting the fate of cells. Herein, we investigate the hypothesis that PLK2 phosphorylates TAp73 and inhibits TAp73 function. Materials and methods Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and osteosarcoma cell lines were used as natural models of the different expression levels of TAp73. Phosphorylation predictor software Scansite 3.0 and the predictor GPS-polo 1.0 were used to analyze the phosphorylation sites. Coimmunoprecipitation, phosphor-tag Western blot, metabolic labeling, and indirect immunofluorescence assays were used to determine the interactions between PLK2 and TAp73. TAp73 activity was assessed by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, which we used to detect P21 and PUMA, both downstream genes of TAp73. The physiological effects of PLK2 cross talk with TAp73 on cell cycle progress and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays. Results PLK2 binds to and phosphorylates TAp73. PLK2 phosphorylates TAp73 at residue Ser48 and prohibits TAp73 translocation to the nucleus. Additionally, PLK2 inhibition combined with a DNA-damaging drug upregulated p21 and PUMA mRNA expression to a greater extent than DNA-damaging drug treatment alone. Inhibiting PLK2 in TAp73-enriched cells strengthened the effects of the DNA-damaging drug on both G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Pretreatment with TAp73-siRNA weakened these effects. Conclusion These findings reveal a novel PLK2 function (catalyzed phosphorylation of TAp73) which suppresses TAp73 functions. PLK2 promotes the survival of human tumor cells, a novel insight into the workings of malignant tumors characterized by TAp73 overexpression, and one that could speed the development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhengBo Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - ZunYing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoHong Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - KuaDi Luk
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - AnMin Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China ; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Aspinall CF, Zheleva D, Tighe A, Taylor SS. Mitotic entry: Non-genetic heterogeneity exposes the requirement for Plk1. Oncotarget 2015; 6:36472-88. [PMID: 26472023 PMCID: PMC4742190 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest to develop novel antimitotic chemotherapy agents has led to the generation of several small molecule inhibitors targeting Plk1, a protein kinase required for multiple aspects of cell division. Previous studies have shown that upon exposure to Plk1 inhibitors, cells enter mitosis, delay briefly in prophase and then arrest in mitosis due to an inability to undergo centrosome separation. Here, we show that four different classes of Plk1 inhibitor block mitotic entry in several cancer cell lines and non-transformed RPE-1 cells. The proportion of cells that arrest in G2 is cell line and concentration dependent, and is subject to non-genetic heterogeneity. Following inhibitor washout, the G2 block is alleviated and cells enter mitosis but then fail to complete cell division indicating that most Plk1 inhibitors are not fully reversible. An exception is CYC140844; in contrast to five other inhibitors examined here, this novel Plk1 inhibitor is fully reversible. We discuss the implications for developing Plk1 inhibitors as chemotherapy agents and research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire F. Aspinall
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony Tighe
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen S. Taylor
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Trakala M, Partida D, Salazar-Roa M, Maroto M, Wachowicz P, de Cárcer G, Malumbres M. Activation of the endomitotic spindle assembly checkpoint and thrombocytopenia in Plk1-deficient mice. Blood 2015; 126:1707-14. [PMID: 26185128 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-634402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization in megakaryocytes is achieved by endomitosis, a specialized cell cycle in which DNA replication is followed by aberrant mitosis. Typical mitotic regulators such as Aurora kinases or Cdk1 are dispensable for megakaryocyte maturation, and inhibition of mitotic kinases may in fact promote megakaryocyte maturation. However, we show here that Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is required for endomitosis, and ablation of the Plk1 gene in megakaryocytes results in defective polyploidization accompanied by mitotic arrest and cell death. Lack of Plk1 results in defective centrosome maturation and aberrant spindle pole formation, thus impairing the formation of multiple poles typically found in megakaryocytes. In these conditions, megakaryocytes arrest for a long time in mitosis and frequently die. Mitotic arrest in wild-type megakaryocytes treated with Plk1 inhibitors or Plk1-null cells is triggered by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and can be rescued in the presence of SAC inhibitors. These data suggest that, despite the dispensability of proper chromosome segregation in megakaryocytes, an endomitotic SAC is activated in these cells upon Plk1 inhibition. SAC activation results in defective maturation of megakaryocytes and cell death, thus raising a note of caution in the use of Plk1 inhibitors in therapeutic strategies based on polyploidization regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Trakala
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Partida
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Salazar-Roa
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Maroto
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulina Wachowicz
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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Strebhardt K. Drugging Plk1: An attractive approach to inhibit androgen receptor signaling. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2193-4. [PMID: 26030710 PMCID: PMC5242295 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1056611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology; School of Medicine; Goethe University; Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium; Heidelberg, Germany
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Raab M, Krämer A, Hehlgans S, Sanhaji M, Kurunci-Csacsko E, Dötsch C, Bug G, Ottmann O, Becker S, Pachl F, Kuster B, Strebhardt K. Mitotic arrest and slippage induced by pharmacological inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:140-54. [PMID: 25169932 PMCID: PMC5528686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to drugs that interfere with microtubule dynamics block cell cycle progression at mitosis by prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Cells can evade mitotic arrest and proceed to interphase without chromosome segregation by a process termed mitotic slippage that involves Cyclin B1 degradation without checkpoint inactivation. Here, we explored the cellular response to small-molecule inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), an important regulator of cell division. We found that the clinical Plk1 inhibitors BI 2536 and BI 6727, both unexpectedly, induced a dose-dependent cellular drug response: While mitotic arrest was induced in cancer cell lines and primary non-transformed cells across the entire range of concentrations tested, only high concentrations seemed to promote mitotic slippage. Since this observation contrasts with the effects expected from studies reporting RNAi-mediated Plk1 depletion in cancer cells, we wondered whether both ATP-competitive inhibitors target unknown kinases that are involved in signaling from the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and might contribute to the mitotic slippage. A chemical proteomics approach used to profile the selectivity of both inhibitors revealed that SAC kinases are not targeted directly. Still, the activities of Cdk1/Cyclin B1 and Aurora B, which plays important roles in the error correction of false microtubule-kinetochore attachments and in checkpoint signaling, were shown to be downregulated at high inhibitor concentrations. Our data suggest that the inhibition of Plk1 activity below a certain threshold influences Aurora B activity via reduced phosphorylation of Fox M1 and Survivin leading to diminished levels of Aurora B protein and alteration of its subcellular localization. Within the spectrum of SAC proteins that are degraded during mitotic slippage, the degradation of Cyclin B1 and the downregulation of Aurora B activity by Plk1 inhibition seem to be critical promoters of mitotic slippage. The results indicate that careful dose-finding studies in cancer trials are necessary to limit or even prevent mitotic slippage, which could be associated with improved cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Krämer
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kurunci-Csacsko
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Dötsch
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gesine Bug
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Oliver Ottmann
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fiona Pachl
- Technische Universität München, Emil Erlenmeyer Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Technische Universität München, Emil Erlenmeyer Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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