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Khater I, Nassar A. Targeting EGFR and VEGFR-2 Kinases With Nanoparticles: A Computational Approach for Cancer Therapy Advancement. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:176-185. [PMID: 38486424 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2328529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The study investigates titanium and zinc nanoparticles as inhibitors for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), pivotal regulators of cell processes. VEGFR-2 activation fuels tumor angiogenesis in cancer cells, sustaining malignant tissue expansion. Molecular docking analysis illustrates the nanoparticles' binding to the active sites, inhibiting the phosphorylation of key proteins in downstream signaling. This inhibition offers a promising therapeutic approach to impede cancer-related signaling, potentially slowing down aberrant protein cascades controlled by EGFR and VEGFR-2. The findings propose a novel avenue for cancer treatment, targeting abnormal growth pathways using titanium and zinc nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khater
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aaya Nassar
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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2
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Doan NQH, Nguyen NTK, Nguyen NB, Tran TT, Tran QN, Truong TN. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluation of anti-colorectal cancer activity of curcumin analogues containing 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole targeting EGFR tyrosine kinase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130414. [PMID: 37331408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that monocarbonyl analogues of curcumin (MACs) and 1H-pyrazole heterocycle both demonstrated promising anticancer activities, in which several compounds containing these scaffolds could target EGFR. In this research, 24 curcumin analogues containing 1H-pyrazole (a1-f4) were synthesized and characterized by using modern spectroscopic techniques. Firstly, synthetic MACs were screened for cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines such as SW480, MDA-MB-231 and A549, from which the 10 most potential cytotoxic compounds were identified and selected. Subsequently, the selected MACs were further screened for their inhibition against tyrosine kinases, which showed that a4 demonstrated the most significant inhibitory effects on EGFRWT and EGFRL858R. Based on the results, a4 further demonstrated its ability to cause morphological changes, to increase the percentage of apoptotic cells, and to increase caspase-3 activity, suggesting its apoptosis-inducing activity on SW480 cells. In addition, the effect of a4 on the SW480 cell cycle revealed its ability to arrest SW480 cells at G2/M phase. In subsequent computer-based assessments, a4 was predicted to possess several promising physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties. Via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, a reversible binding mode between a4 and EGFRWT, EGFRL858R, or EGFRG719S, remained stable within the 100-ns simulation due to effective interactions especially the hydrogen bonding with M793. Finally, free binding energy calculations suggested that a4 could inhibit the activity of EGFRG719S more effectively than other EGFR forms. In conclusion, our work would provide the basis for the future design of promising synthetic compounds as anticancer agents targeting EGFR tyrosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Q H Doan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Lang University, 69/68 Dang Thuy Tram Street, Ward 13, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam.
| | - Ngan T K Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41-43 Dinh Tien Hoang Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam.
| | - Ngoc B Nguyen
- Quality Assurance, Hasan Dermapharm Joint Venture Co., Ltd., Lot B, Dong An Industrial Park, Binh Duong Province 75000, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi T Tran
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thu Dau Mot University, 06 Tran Van On Street, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province 75000, Viet Nam.
| | - Quang N Tran
- School of Chemical Engineering, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, 105 SW 26th Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Tuyen N Truong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41-43 Dinh Tien Hoang Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam.
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Al-Muntaser SM, Al-Karmalawy AA, El-Naggar AM, Ali AK, Abd El-Sattar NEA, Abbass EM. Novel 4-thiophenyl-pyrazole, pyridine, and pyrimidine derivatives as potential antitumor candidates targeting both EGFR and VEGFR-2; design, synthesis, biological evaluations, and in silico studies. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12184-12203. [PMID: 37082377 PMCID: PMC10112504 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00416c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we continued our previous effort to develop new selective anticancer candidates based on the basic pharmacophoric requirements of both EGFR and VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Therefore, twenty-two novel 4-thiophenyl-pyrazole, pyridine, and pyrimidine derivatives were designed and examined as dual EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Besides, the previously reported antimicrobial activities of the aforementioned nuclei motivated us to screen their antibacterial and antifungal activities as well. First, the antitumor activities of the newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated against two cancer cell lines (HepG-2 and MCF-7). Notably, compounds 2a, 6a, 7a, 10b, 15a, and 18a exhibited superior anticancer activities against both HepG-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. These candidates were selected to further evaluate their anti-EGFR and anti-VEGFR-2 potentialities which were found to be very promising compared to erlotinib and sorafenib, respectively. Both 10b and 2a derivatives achieved better dual EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibition with IC50 values of 0.161 and 0.141 μM and 0.209 and 0.195 μM, respectively. Moreover, the most active 10b was selected to evaluate the exact phase of cell cycle arrest and to investigate the exact mechanism of cancer cell death whether it be due to apoptosis or necrosis. On the other hand, all the synthesized compounds were tested against Gram-positive bacteria such as S. aureus and B. subtilis as well as Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and P. aeuroginosa. Also, the antifungal activity was investigated against C. albicans and A. flavus strains. The findings of the antimicrobial tests revealed that most of the investigated compounds exhibited strong to moderate antibacterial and antifungal effects. Furthermore, to understand the pattern by which the investigated compounds bound to the active site, all the newly synthesized candidates were subjected to two different docking processes into the EGFR and VEGFR-2 binding sites. Besides, we tried to correlate compound 10b and the reference drugs (erlotinib and sorafenib) through DFT calculations. Finally, following the biological data of the new pyrazole, pyridine, and pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer and antimicrobial candidates, we concluded a very interesting SAR for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia M Al-Muntaser
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassiya 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University 6th of October City Giza 12566 Egypt
| | - Abeer M El-Naggar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassiya 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ali Khalil Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassiya 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Nour E A Abd El-Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassiya 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Eslam M Abbass
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Abbassiya 11566 Cairo Egypt
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El-Naggar AM, Hassan AMA, Elkaeed EB, Alesawy MS, Al-Karmalawy AA. Design, synthesis, and SAR studies of novel 4-methoxyphenyl pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives as potential dual tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting both EGFR and VEGFR-2. Bioorg Chem 2022; 123:105770. [PMID: 35395446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Guided by the pharmacophoric features of both EGFR and VEGFR-2 antagonists, two novel series of 4-methoxyphenyl pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives [(4a-c) and (5a-c, 6, 7a-c, 8, 9, 10, 11a,c, 12, 13a-c, 14a-c, and 15a,b)], respectively, were designed and synthesized as dual EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Interestingly, compound 12 showed very strong antiproliferative effects towards all the five studied cell lines (HepG-2, MCF-7, MDA-231, HCT-116, and Caco-2) with IC50 values of 3.74, 7.81, 4.85, 2.96, and 9.27 µM, respectively. Also, it achieved the highest inhibitory activities against both EGFR and VEGFR-2 as well (IC50 = 0.071 and 0.098 µM) compared to the two reference drugs, erlotinib (IC50 = 0.063 µM) and sorafenib (IC50 = 0.041 µM), respectively. Moreover, four compounds (4a, 7a, 7c, and 12) were selected for further evaluation through cell cycle analysis and Annexin V-based flow cytometry assay in the HepG-2 cell line. In addition, deep computational studies including molecular docking, physicochemical properties, profiling pharmacokinetics, ADMET studies, and toxicity predictions were performed for the designed compounds to evaluate the prospective drug candidates. Finally, analyzing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the new derivatives gives us a lot of interesting promising results which could help medicinal chemists to design more potent drug candidates soon as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M El-Naggar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassiya 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - A M A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassiya 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Alesawy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 35527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
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Martínez-Fleta P, Vera-Tomé P, Jiménez-Fernández M, Requena S, Roy-Vallejo E, Sanz-García A, Lozano-Prieto M, López-Sanz C, Vara A, Lancho-Sánchez Á, Martín-Gayo E, Muñoz-Calleja C, Alfranca A, González-Álvaro I, Galván-Román JM, Aspa J, de la Fuente H, Sánchez-Madrid F. A Differential Signature of Circulating miRNAs and Cytokines Between COVID-19 and Community-Acquired Pneumonia Uncovers Novel Physiopathological Mechanisms of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 12:815651. [PMID: 35087533 PMCID: PMC8787267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.815651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is a life-threatening infectious disease, especially for elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. Despite enormous efforts to understand its underlying etiopathogenic mechanisms, most of them remain elusive. In this study, we compared differential plasma miRNAs and cytokines profiles between COVID-19 and other community-acquired pneumonias (CAP). A first screening and subsequent validation assays in an independent cohort of patients revealed a signature of 15 dysregulated miRNAs between COVID-19 and CAP patients. Additionally, multivariate analysis displayed a combination of 4 miRNAs (miR-106b-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-25-3p and miR-30a-5p) that significantly discriminated between both pathologies. Search for targets of these miRNAs, combined with plasma protein measurements, identified a differential cytokine signature between COVID-19 and CAP that included EGFR, CXCL12 and IL-10. Significant differences were also detected in plasma levels of CXCL12, IL-17, TIMP-2 and IL-21R between mild and severe COVID-19 patients. These findings provide new insights into the etiopathological mechanisms underlying COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martínez-Fleta
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Vera-Tomé
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Fernández
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Requena
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Roy-Vallejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ancor Sanz-García
- Data Analysis Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Lozano-Prieto
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia López-Sanz
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Vara
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Lancho-Sánchez
- Biobank, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martín-Gayo
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Galván-Román
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Aspa
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa IIS-IP (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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Chen WT, Lin YH, Changchien CY, Chen Y, Chang HH, Tsai WC, Tsai HC, Wang CY, Shen MS, Cheng LT, Tsai CL. Concurrent Blockade of Endothelial EGFR and VEGF Signaling on Malignant Associated Pleural Fluid Induced Angiogenesis: From Clinic to Bench. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101327. [PMID: 34680445 PMCID: PMC8533568 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant-associated pleural fluid (MAPF) represented an unsolved problem in advanced lung cancer. Our previous work characterized increased pleural angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma and the propensity of MAPF on endothelial angiogenesis. This study investigated the combined efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (gefitinib) and bevacizumab in opposing MAPF-induced angiogenesis. In lung adenocarcinoma patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE), Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the benefit of cotreatment with target therapy and bevacizumab. Increased EGFR expression was observed in the pleural microvessels of patients with lung adenocarcinoma both with and without mutations in EGFR. MAPF was obtained from lung adenocarcinoma patients both wild-type and mutant EGFRs. Total and phosphorylated EGFR were upregulated in HUVEC cultured with MAPF. Treatment with gefitinib as an EGFR inhibitor suppressed MAPF-induced endothelial migration and partially attenuated endothelial proliferation in both wild-type and mutant EGFR lung adenocarcinoma. Cotreatment with gefitinib and bevacizumab produced better inhibition of MAPF-induced endothelial angiogenesis than gefitinib alone in the mutant EGFR subgroup. Protein analysis of MAPF-derived exosomes revealed abundant EGFR and p-EGFR components that implied possible transfer to endothelial cells. Concluding Kaplan–Meier analysis and in vitro studies, the results indicated that the addition of bevacizumab on gefitinib treatment could suppress MAPF-induced angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Teing Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Huei Lin
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Ying Changchien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Hsin-Han Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.C.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Hao-Chung Tsai
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei 105, Taiwan;
| | - Chieh-Yung Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (L.-T.C.)
| | - Ming-Sheng Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Ting Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (L.-T.C.)
| | - Chen-Liang Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (L.-T.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Morrison DR, Sorace AG, Hamilton E, Moore LS, Houson HA, Udayakumar N, Ovaitt A, Warram JM, Walsh EM. Predicting Schwannoma Growth in a Tumor Model Using Targeted Imaging. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e615-e623. [PMID: 33661237 PMCID: PMC9762121 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a common pathology encountered in neurotology clinics. Many patients are observed with a "wait and scan" approach. Previous efforts to determine radiographic indicators of future growth have been unsuccessful. Using a mouse subcutaneous tumor model, we seek to determine if fluorescent imaging with directed immunotargets could be used to predict schwannoma growth rate. METHODS Anti-VEGFR2 and anti-Her2/Neu monoclonal antibodies were covalently linked to a near-infrared probe (IRDye800). Immunodeficient mice underwent subcutaneous injections with a rat-derived schwann (R3) cell line. When tumor growth was evident, either Anti-VEGFR2-IRDye800, anti-Her2/Neu-IRDye800, or Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Isotype-IRDye800 (control) were injected via tail vein. The mice were serially imaged in a closed field near-IR device. Fluorescent data were analyzed for tumor signal and correlated with tumor sie and growth rate. Heterogeneity of fluorescent tumor signal was also assessed. RESULTS In both anti-VEGFR2 and anti-Her2/Neu groups, there were strong correlations between day 1 mean tumor fluorescence and eventual maximum tumor volume (p = 0.002, 0.001; r2 = 0.92, 0.86). There was also strong correlation with maximum tumor signal on day 1 and maximum tumor volume (p = 0.003, 0.008; r2 = 0.90, 0.91). There was no such correlation in the control group (p = 0.99, 0.75; r2 = 0.0002, 0.028). CONCLUSION Given the potential morbidity in VS intervention, observation is an appropriate approach for patients with slow-growing or stagnant tumors. We seek to identify immunotargets in a murine model that show promise in predicting schwannoma growth with advanced imaging techniques. Both Her2/Neu and VEGFR2 correlated strongly wth tumor size and growth rates and are promising targets that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Morrison
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ellis Hamilton
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lindsay S. Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hailey A. Houson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Neha Udayakumar
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alyssa Ovaitt
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jason M. Warram
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Erika M. Walsh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Interactions between Ligand-Bound EGFR and VEGFR2. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167006. [PMID: 33891904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we put forward the provocative hypothesis that the active, ligand-bound RTK dimers from unrelated subfamilies can associate into heterooligomers with novel signaling properties. This hypothesis is based on a quantitative FRET study that monitors the interactions between EGFR and VEGFR2 in the plasma membrane of live cells in the absence of ligand, in the presence of either EGF or VEGF, and in the presence of both ligands. We show that direct interactions occur between EGFR and VEGFR2 in the absence of ligand and in the presence of the two cognate ligands. However, there are not significant heterointeractions between EGFR and VEGFR2 when only one of the ligands is present. Since RTK dimers and RTK oligomers are believed to signal differently, this finding suggests a novel mechanism for signal diversification.
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A Novel Bispecific Antibody Targeting EGFR and VEGFR2 Is Effective against Triple Negative Breast Cancer via Multiple Mechanisms of Action. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051027. [PMID: 33804477 PMCID: PMC7957537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for approximately 10–20% of all diagnosed breast cancers and is often associated with a poor prognosis. There is therefore an urgent need to develop novel and targeted therapeutic approaches against TNBC. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) are prominent therapeutic protein targets that are frequently overexpressed in TNBC. In this investigation, we developed a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) targeting EGFR and VEGFR2 (designated as anti-EGFR/VEGFR2 BsAb) and investigate its anti-tumor activity using TNBC cellular and xenograft mouse models. Data from these studies indicate that anti-EGFR/VEGFR2 BsAb elicited more comprehensive anti-tumor activity via multiple mechanisms of action, including direct inhibition of EGFR and VEGFR2 in TNBC cells, and disruption of autocrine and paracrine pathways in TNBC and endothelial cells, compared to the individual parental mAbs. Our data suggest that this novel BsAb warrants further investigation as a targeted antibody therapeutic to treat TNBC. Abstract Both EGFR and VEGFR2 frequently overexpress in TNBC and cooperate with each other in autocrine and paracrine manner to enhance tumor growth and angiogenesis. Therapeutic mAbs targeting EGFR (cetuximab) and VEGFR2 (ramucirumab) are approved by FDA for numerous cancer indications, but none of them are approved to treat breast cancers. TNBC cells secrete VEGF-A, which mediates angiogenesis on endothelial cells in a paracrine fashion, as well as promotes cancer cell growth in autocrine manner. To disrupt autocrine/paracrine loop in TNBC models in addition to mediating anti-EGFR tumor growth signaling and anti-VEGFR2 angiogenic pathway, we generated a BsAb co-targeting EGFR and VEGFR2 (designated as anti-EGFR/VEGFR2 BsAb), using publicly available sequences in which cetuximab IgG backbone is connected to the single chain variable fragment (scFv) of ramucirumab via a glycine linker. Physiochemical characterization data shows that anti-EGFR/VEGFR2 BsAb binds to both EGFR and VEGFR2 in a similar binding affinity comparable to parental antibodies. Anti-EGFR/VEGFR2 BsAb demonstrates in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity in TNBC models. Mechanistically, anti-EGFR/VEGFR2 BsAb not only directly inhibits both EGFR and VEGFR2 in TNBC cells but also disrupts autocrine mechanism in TNBC xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, anti-EGFR/VEGFR2 BsAb inhibits ligand-induced activation of VEGFR2 and blocks paracrine pathway mediated by VEGF secreted from TNBC cells in endothelial cells. Collectively, our novel findings demonstrate that anti-EGFR/VEGFR2 BsAb inhibits tumor growth via multiple mechanisms of action and warrants further investigation as a targeted antibody therapeutic for the treatment of TNBC.
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Paul MD, Grubb HN, Hristova K. Quantifying the strength of heterointeractions among receptor tyrosine kinases from different subfamilies: Implications for cell signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9917-9933. [PMID: 32467228 PMCID: PMC7380177 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are single-pass membrane proteins that control vital cell processes such as cell growth, survival, and differentiation. There is a growing body of evidence that RTKs from different subfamilies can interact and that these diverse interactions can have important biological consequences. However, these heterointeractions are often ignored, and their strengths are unknown. In this work, we studied the heterointeractions of nine RTK pairs, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-EPH receptor A2 (EPHA2), EGFR-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), EPHA2-VEGFR2, EPHA2-fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), EPHA2-FGFR2, EPHA2-FGFR3, VEGFR2-FGFR1, VEGFR2-FGFR2, and VEGFR2-FGFR3, using a FRET-based method. Surprisingly, we found that RTK heterodimerization and homodimerization strengths can be similar, underscoring the significance of RTK heterointeractions in signaling. We discuss how these heterointeractions can contribute to the complexity of RTK signal transduction, and we highlight the utility of quantitative FRET for probing multiple interactions in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Paul
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hana N Grubb
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Abstract
Background::Human tumor cells lines and tumor samples overexpress the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). Substance P (SP), after binding to NK-1Rs, induces tumor cell proliferation, an antiapoptotic effect and promotes angiogenesis and the migration of cancer cells for invasion and metastasis.Methods: :In contrast, NK-1R antagonists block the previous pathophysiological actions mediated by SP. These antagonists promote the death of tumor cells by apoptosis. Peptide and non-peptide NK-1R antagonists have been reported.Results: :Peptide NK-1R antagonists show chemical modifications of the SP molecule (L-amino acids being replaced by D-amino acids), whereas non-peptide NK-1R antagonists include numerous compounds with different chemical compositions while showing similar stereochemical features (affinity for the NK- 1R). Currently, there are more than 300 NK-1R antagonists.Conclusion::In combination therapy with classic cytostatics, NK-1R antagonists have additive or synergic effects and minimize the side-effects of cytostatics. The effect of NK-1R antagonists as broad-spectrum anticancer drugs is reviewed and the use of these antagonists for the treatment of cancer is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL) University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Mghwary AES, Gedawy EM, Kamal AM, Abuel-Maaty SM. Novel thienopyrimidine derivatives as dual EGFR and VEGFR-2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, anticancer activity and effect on cell cycle profile. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:838-852. [PMID: 30919701 PMCID: PMC6442109 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1593160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Design and synthesis of thienopyrimidine derivatives as dual EGFR and VEGFR-2 inhibitors.Material and methods: A series of novel 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with different substituents on C-4 position was synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell line. EGFR, VEGFR-2 inhibitory assay, the cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction ability of the most potent compound 5f were evaluated.Results: Most of the compounds showed moderate to significant anticancer activity. Compound 5f exhibited the most potent anticancer activity being 1.73- and 4.64-folds more potent than erlotinib and doxorubicin, respectively. Compound 5f showed potent EGFR inhibitory activity being 1.18-folds more potent than reference standard erlotinib and it also showed good VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity at the micromolar level with IC50 value 1.23 µM. Compound 5f caused induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and accumulation of cells in pre-G1 phase. Compound 5f induced cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aml E-S Mghwary
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ehab M Gedawy
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries , Badr University in Cairo BUC , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Aliaa M Kamal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.,c Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA) , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Suzan M Abuel-Maaty
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Ravanelli M, Agazzi GM, Ganeshan B, Roca E, Tononcelli E, Bettoni V, Caprioli A, Borghesi A, Berruti A, Maroldi R, Farina D. CT texture analysis as predictive factor in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Eur J Radiol 2018; 109:130-135. [PMID: 30527295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the predictive and prognostic value of pre-treatment CT texture features in lung adenocarcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Texture analysis was performed using commercially available software (TexRAD Ltd, Cambridge, UK) on pre-treatment contrast-enhanced CT studies from 50 patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma treated by TKI. Texture features were quantified on a 5-mm-thick central slice of the primary tumor and were correlated with progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS) using an internally cross-validated machine learning approach then validated on a bootstrapped sample. RESULTS Median PFS and OS were 10.5 and 20.7 months, respectively. A noninvasive signature based on five texture parameters predicted 6-month progression with Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.8 (95% CI) and 1-year progression with AUC of 0.76. A high-risk group had hazard ratios for progression of 4.63 and 5.78 when divided by median and best cut-off points, respectively. Texture signature did not correlate with OS. Available clinical variables did not correlate with PFS or with OS. CONCLUSION Texture features seem to be associated with PFS in lung adenocarcinoma treated with TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ravanelli
- University of Brescia, Department of Radiology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Agazzi
- University of Brescia, Department of Radiology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Balaji Ganeshan
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College, London, UK
| | - Elisa Roca
- University of Brescia, Department of Oncology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Tononcelli
- University of Brescia, Department of Radiology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bettoni
- University of Brescia, Department of Radiology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Caprioli
- University of Brescia, Department of Pneumology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Borghesi
- University of Brescia, Department of Radiology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- University of Brescia, Department of Oncology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Maroldi
- University of Brescia, Department of Radiology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Farina
- University of Brescia, Department of Radiology, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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14
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Wan X, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Hou W. Gefitinib inhibits malignant melanoma cells through the VEGF/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7351-7355. [PMID: 29568946 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is caused by melanophore cancerization in tissue pigmentation regions, leading to skin, mucous membrane, eye and central nervous system carcinogenesis. The incidence of MM has increased in previous years, and it has become the primary cause of skin cancer‑associated mortality in developed countries. MM is characterized as highly malignant and readily metastasized, and has a poor prognosis. Targeting angiogenesis is an important method for MM treatment. As an important proangiogenic factor in tumor growth and metastasis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can promote neovascularization and increase vascular permeability. Gefitinib is a novel drug targeting VEGF. The effect and mechanism of gefitinib on MM remain to be elucidated, and were investigated in the present study. The A375 MM cell line was used in the present study; it was cultured in vitro and divided into gefitinib groups (5 and 10 µM) and a control group. Cell proliferation was measured using an MTT assay and the activity of caspase‑3 was assessed using a kit. Cell invasive ability was determined using a Transwell chamber. The mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF and AKT were detected using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Gefitinib significantly inhibited MM cell proliferation, enhanced the activity of caspase 3 and suppressed tumor cell invasion (P<0.05). In addition, gefitinib significantly downregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF and AKT, and these changes were dose‑dependent (P<0.05). Taken together, gefitinib suppressed MM cell proliferation and invasion in vitro by regulating the VEGF/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Zhu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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15
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Liu X, Lv R, Zhang L, Xu G, Bi J, Gao F, Zhang J, Xue F, Wang F, Wu Y, Fu C, Wang Q, Huo R. Long noncoding RNA expression profile of infantile hemangioma identified by microarray analysis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5434-y. [PMID: 27709553 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common vascular tumors of childhood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in angiogenesis, but their involvement in hemangioma remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the expression profiles of lncRNAs in IH and adjacent normal tissue samples, exploring the biological functions of lncRNAs as well as their involvement in IH pathogenesis. The lncRNA expression profiles were determined by lncRNA microarrays. A total of 1259 and 857 lncRNAs were upregulated and downregulated in IH, respectively, at a fold change cutoff of 2.0 (p < 0.05); in addition, 1469 and 1184 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were upregulated and downregulated, respectively (fold change cutoff of 2.0; p < 0.05). A total of 292 differentially expressed mRNAs were targeted by the lncRNAs with altered expression in hemangioma, including 228 and 64 upregulated and downregulated, respectively (cutoff of 2.0, p < 0.05). Gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed several angiogenesis-related pathways. An lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network for differentially expressed lncRNAs revealed significant associations of the lncRNAs MEG3, MEG8, FENDRR, and Linc00152 with their related mRNAs. The validation results of nine differentially expressed lncRNAs (MALAT1, MEG3, MEG8, p29066, p33867, FENDRR, Linc00152, p44557_v4, p8683) as well as two mRNAs (FOXF1, EGFL7) indicated that the microarray data correlated well with the QPCR results. Interestingly, MALAT1 knockdown induced apoptosis and S-phase cell cycle arrest in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Overall, this study revealed the lncRNA expression profile of IH and that lncRNAs likely regulate several genes with important roles in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Renrong Lv
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangqi Xu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianhai Bi
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fagang Wang
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yiliang Wu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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16
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Abstract
The role of angiogenesis in tumor growth has been studied continuously for over 45 years. It is now appreciated that angiogenesis is also essential for the dissemination and establishment of tumor metastases. In this review, we focus on the role of angiogenesis as a necessity for the escape of tumor cells into the bloodstream and for the establishment of metastatic colonies in secondary sites. We also discuss the role of tumor lymphangiogenesis as a means of dissemination of lymphatic metastases. Appropriate combination therapies may be used in the future to both prevent and treat metastatic disease through the rational use of antiangiogenic and antilymphangiogenic therapies in ways that are informed by the current and future work in the field.
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17
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Kassab AE, Gedawy EM, El-Nassan HB. Synthesis of 4-Heteroaryl-Quinazoline Derivatives as Potential Anti-breast Cancer Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - E. M. Gedawy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - H. B. El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo 11562 Egypt
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18
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Shoni M, Lui KO, Vavvas DG, Muto MG, Berkowitz RS, Vlahos N, Ng SW. Protein kinases and associated pathways in pluripotent state and lineage differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 9:366-87. [PMID: 24998240 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x09666140616130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) mediate the reversible conversion of substrate proteins to phosphorylated forms, a key process in controlling intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Pluripotency is, among others, characterized by specifically expressed PKs forming a highly interconnected regulatory network that culminates in a finely-balanced molecular switch. Current high-throughput phosphoproteomic approaches have shed light on the specific regulatory PKs and their function in controlling pluripotent states. Pluripotent cell-derived endothelial and hematopoietic developments represent an example of the importance of pluripotency in cancer therapeutics and organ regeneration. This review attempts to provide the hitherto known kinome profile and the individual characterization of PK-related pathways that regulate pluripotency. Elucidating the underlying intrinsic and extrinsic signals may improve our understanding of the different pluripotent states, the maintenance or induction of pluripotency, and the ability to tailor lineage differentiation, with a particular focus on endothelial cell differentiation for anti-cancer treatment, cell-based tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu-Wing Ng
- 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI- 449A, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Selzer E, Kornek G. Targeted drugs in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors: current state and future developments. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 6:663-76. [PMID: 24164614 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2013.841540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The continuously rising use of novel drugs, especially of molecules belonging to the group of targeted drugs is now shaping the therapeutic landscape. However, treatment combinations of targeted drugs with radiotherapy are still rare. Only the monoclonal antibody cetuximab (Erbitux®) has been approved for the treatment of locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck in combination with radiotherapy. Several targeted compounds are in advanced stages of clinical development for combination treatments with radiotherapy, of which substances with either anti-EGFR or anti-angiogenic mechanisms, such as trastuzumab, panitumumab, erlotinib, cilengitide and bevacizumab are the most promising. Aim of this article is to provide, mainly from a radio-oncological point of view, an overview about the current state as well as to give an outlook on the near future of the most advanced targeted combined treatment concepts for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Selzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a dynamic cellular "organ" that controls passage of nutrients into tissues, maintains the flow of blood, and regulates the trafficking of leukocytes. In tumors, factors such as hypoxia and chronic growth factor stimulation result in endothelial dysfunction. For example, tumor blood vessels have irregular diameters; they are fragile, leaky, and blood flow is abnormal. There is now good evidence that these abnormalities in the tumor endothelium contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, determining the biological basis underlying these abnormalities is critical for understanding the pathophysiology of tumor progression and facilitating the design and delivery of effective antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; and McAllister Heart Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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21
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Starkey JR, Pascucci EM, Drobizhev MA, Elliott A, Rebane AK. Vascular targeting to the SST2 receptor improves the therapeutic response to near-IR two-photon activated PDT for deep-tissue cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4594-603. [PMID: 23747302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broader clinical acceptance of photodynamic therapy is currently hindered by (a) poor depth efficacy, and (b) predisposition towards establishment of an angiogenic environment during the treatment. Improved depth efficacy is being sought by exploiting the NIR tissue transparency window and by photo-activation using two-photon absorption (2PA). Here, we use two-photon activation of PDT sensitizers, untargeted and targeted to SST2 receptors or EGF receptors, to achieve deep tissue treatment. METHODS Human tumor lines, positive or negative for SST2r expression were used, as well as murine 3LL cells and bovine aortic endothelial cells. Expression of SST2 receptors on cancer cells and tumor vasculature was evaluated in vitro and frozen xenograft sections. PDT effects on tumor blood flow were followed using in vivo scanning after intravenous injection of FITC conjugated dextran 150K. Dependence of the PDT efficacy on the laser pulse duration was evaluated. Effectiveness of targeting to vascular SST2 receptors was compared to that of EGF receptors, or no targeting. RESULTS Tumor vasculature stained for SST2 receptors even in tumors from SST2 receptor negative cell lines, and SST2r targeted PDT led to tumor vascular shutdown. Stretching the pulse from ~120fs to ~3ps led to loss of the PDT efficacy especially at greater depth. PDT targeted to SST2 receptors was much more effective than untargeted PDT or PDT targeted to EGF receptors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of octreotate to target SST2 receptors expressed on tumor vessels is an excellent approach to PDT with few recurrences and some long term cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean R Starkey
- Montana State University, Department of Microbiology, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Alvarez RH, Hortobagyi GN. Dual human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 blockade for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2013; 20:103-10. [PMID: 23377763 PMCID: PMC4123423 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-013-0446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of trastuzumab into clinical practice changed the natural course of HER2-positive breast cancer. Currently, treatment with trastuzumab represents the standard of care for HER2-positive breast cancer and this treatment has been approved in the adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and metastatic settings. Besides trastuzumab, two other anti-HER2 agents-lapatinib and pertuzumab-have been approved for the treatment of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. Strong biologic data support the concept of dual HER2 blockade, with different anti-HER2 agents demonstrating complementary mechanisms of action. Several neoadjuvant and metastatic studies performed in HER2-positive breast cancer using dual HER2 blockade have been proven to outperform anti-HER2 monotherapies. These dual combinations of agents represent a promising therapeutic strategy that is now reaching clinical practice. In this review we describe the results of studies utilizing dual blockade in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo H Alvarez
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Herman P Pressler CPB5.3450, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Waitkus MS, Chandrasekharan UM, Willard B, Haque SJ, DiCorleto PE. STAT3-mediated coincidence detection regulates noncanonical immediate early gene induction. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11988-2003. [PMID: 23504318 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.428516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways interact with one another to form dynamic networks in which the cellular response to one stimulus may depend on the presence, intensity, timing, or localization of other signals. In rare cases, two stimuli may be simultaneously required for cells to elicit a significant biological output. This phenomenon, generally termed "coincidence detection," requires a downstream signaling node that functions as a Boolean AND gate to restrict biological output from a network unless multiple stimuli are received within a specific window of time. Simultaneous activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) and a thrombin receptor (protease-activated receptor-1, PAR-1) increases the expression of multiple immediate early genes (IEGs) associated with growth and angiogenesis. Using a bioinformatic comparison of IEG promoter regions, we identified STAT3 as a critical transcription factor for the detection of coincident EGFR/PAR-1 activation. EGFR activation induces classical STAT3 Tyr(705) phosphorylation but also initiates an inhibitory signal through the PI3K-AKT signaling axis that prevents STAT3 Ser(727) phosphorylation. Coincident PAR-1 signaling resolves these conflicting EGF-activated pathways by blocking AKT activation and permitting GSK-3α/β-dependent STAT3 Ser(727) phosphorylation and STAT3-dependent gene expression. Functionally, combinatorial EGFR/PAR-1 signaling suppresses EGF-induced proliferation and thrombin-induced leukocyte adhesion and triggers a STAT3-dependent increase in endothelial cell migration. This study reveals a novel signaling role for STAT3 in which the simultaneous presence of extracellular EGF and thrombin is detected at the level of STAT3 post-translational modifications. Collectively, our results describe a novel regulatory mechanism in which combinatorial EGFR/PAR-1 signaling regulates STAT3-dependent IEG induction and endothelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Waitkus
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Johannessen TCA, Wagner M, Straume O, Bjerkvig R, Eikesdal HP. Tumor vasculature: the Achilles' heel of cancer? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 17:7-20. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.730522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Quantitative immunohistochemistry for evaluating the distribution of Ki67 and other biomarkers in tumor sections and use of the method to study repopulation in xenografts after treatment with paclitaxel. Neoplasia 2012; 14:324-34. [PMID: 22577347 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surviving cells may repopulate tumors between courses of chemotherapy, thereby reducing the effectiveness of treatment. Using a novel quantitative method, we characterize the influence of the tumor microenvironment on repopulation of surviving cells in human tumor xenografts after paclitaxel treatment and evaluate the potential of gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, to inhibit repopulation. METHODS High-EGFR-expressing A431 xenografts and low-EGFR-expressing MCF-7 xenografts were treated with paclitaxel or gefitinib. Time-dependent changes in cell proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) in relation to total and functional tumor blood vessels (recognized by CD31 and a flow marker), and regions of hypoxia (recognized by EF5) were quantified using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Decrease in functional tumor vasculature and in cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis were observed in A431 xenografts after treatment with either paclitaxel or gefitinib. There was a rebound in functional vasculature and cell proliferation ≈ 12 days after treatment with paclitaxel, and repopulation was observed from tumor cells close to regions of hypoxia. Cell proliferation increased ≈ 5 days after the last dose of gefitinib. There were minimal effects of paclitaxel or gefitinib on cell proliferation, cell death, or tumor vasculature in MCF-7 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Repopulation in A431 xenografts after treatment with paclitaxel was associated with changes in functional tumor vasculature. Gefitinib decreased cell proliferation in EGFR-overexpressing tumor xenografts, suggesting its potential to inhibit repopulation when used in sequence with chemotherapy.
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for optimizing the therapeutic management of melanomas. World J Clin Oncol 2012; 3:32-42. [PMID: 22442756 PMCID: PMC3309891 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v3.i3.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with an extremely poor survival rate for the patients diagnosed with locally invasive and metastatic disease states. Intensive research has led in last few years to an improvement of the early detection and curative treatment of primary cutaneous melanomas that are confined to the skin by tumor surgical resection. However, locally advanced and disseminated melanomas are generally resistant to conventional treatments, including ionizing radiation, systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy and/or adjuvant stem cell-based therapies, and result in the death of patients. The rapid progression of primary melanomas to locally invasive and/or metastatic disease states remains a major obstacle for an early effective diagnosis and a curative therapeutic intervention for melanoma patients. Importantly, recent advances in the melanoma research have led to the identification of different gene products that are often implicated in the malignant transformation of melanocytic cells into melanoma cells, including melanoma stem/progenitor cells, during melanoma initiation and progression to locally advanced and metastatic disease states. The frequent deregulated genes products encompass the oncogenic B-RafV600E and N-RasQ61R mutants, different receptor tyrosine kinases and developmental pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), stem cell-like factor (SCF) receptor KIT, hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR receptor. These growth factors can cooperate to activate distinct tumorigenic downstream signaling elements and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated molecules, including phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/ molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), vimentin, snail and twist. Of therapeutic relevance, these deregulated signal transduction components constitute new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of great clinical interest for improving the efficacy of current diagnostic and prognostic methods and management of patients diagnosed with locally advanced, metastatic and/or relapsed melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Murielle Mimeault, Surinder K Batra, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, United States
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Chernoguz A, Crawford K, Donovan E, Vandersall A, Berglund C, Cripe TP, Frischer JS. EGFR Inhibition Fails to Suppress Vascular Proliferation and Tumor Growth in a Ewing's Sarcoma Model. J Surg Res 2012; 173:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nolan-Stevaux O, Truitt MC, Pahler JC, Olson P, Guinto C, Lee DC, Hanahan D. Differential contribution to neuroendocrine tumorigenesis of parallel egfr signaling in cancer cells and pericytes. Genes Cancer 2011; 1:125-41. [PMID: 20975924 PMCID: PMC2958675 DOI: 10.1177/1947601909358722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors associated with tumor sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in the context of wild-type EGFR remain elusive. This study investigates the mechanistic basis of responsiveness to EGFR inhibitors in the RIP1-Tag2 (RT2) mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorigenesis (PNET). Upon treatment of RT2 mice with EGFR inhibitors, PNET tumors harboring wild-type, nonamplified alleles of Egfr grow at a markedly reduced rate and display a significant increase in tumor cell apoptosis, as well as reduced neovascularization. The authors identify Tgf-α and Hb-egf as key limiting mediators of separable pathological functions of Egfr in neuroendocrine tumor progression: Tgf-α mutant tumors present with an elevated apoptotic index, whereas Hb-egf mutant lesions exhibit decreased angiogenic switching and neovascularization. This study not only associates Tgf-α and Hb-egf expression with wild-type Egfr oncogenicity but also ascribes the proangiogenic activity of Egfr in this tumor model to a novel mesenchymal Hb-egf/Egfr signaling axis, whereby endothelial and pericyte-derived Hb-egf activates Egfr specifically in tumor-associated perivascular cells, leading to increased pericyte coverage of the tumor endothelium and enhanced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Nolan-Stevaux
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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Targeting EGFR and VEGF(R) pathway cross-talk in tumor survival and angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 131:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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30
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Cascone T, Herynk MH, Xu L, Du Z, Kadara H, Nilsson MB, Oborn CJ, Park YY, Erez B, Jacoby JJ, Lee JS, Lin HY, Ciardiello F, Herbst RS, Langley RR, Heymach JV. Upregulated stromal EGFR and vascular remodeling in mouse xenograft models of angiogenesis inhibitor-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:1313-28. [PMID: 21436589 PMCID: PMC3070607 DOI: 10.1172/jci42405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth and metastasis, and several inhibitors of angiogenesis are currently in clinical use for the treatment of cancer. However, not all patients benefit from antiangiogenic therapy, and those tumors that initially respond to treatment ultimately become resistant. The mechanisms underlying this, and the relative contributions of tumor cells and stroma to resistance, are not completely understood. Here, using species-specific profiling of mouse xenograft models of human lung adenocarcinoma, we have shown that gene expression changes associated with acquired resistance to the VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab occurred predominantly in stromal and not tumor cells. In particular, components of the EGFR and FGFR pathways were upregulated in stroma, but not in tumor cells. Increased activated EGFR was detected on pericytes of xenografts that acquired resistance and on endothelium of tumors with relative primary resistance. Acquired resistance was associated with a pattern of pericyte-covered, normalized revascularization, whereas tortuous, uncovered vessels were observed in relative primary resistance. Importantly, dual targeting of the VEGF and EGFR pathways reduced pericyte coverage and increased progression-free survival. These findings demonstrated that alterations in tumor stromal pathways, including the EGFR and FGFR pathways, are associated with, and may contribute to, resistance to VEGF inhibitors and that targeting these pathways may improve therapeutic efficacy. Understanding stromal signaling may be critical for developing biomarkers for angiogenesis inhibitors and improving combination regimens.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood supply
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bevacizumab
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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31
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Garofalo A, Goossens L, Lemoine A, Ravez S, Six P, Howsam M, Farce A, Depreux P. [4-(6,7-Disubstituted quinazolin-4-ylamino)phenyl] carbamic acid esters: a novel series of dual EGFR/VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00183j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Richards KN, Zweidler-McKay PA, Van Roy N, Speleman F, Trevino J, Zage PE, Hughes DPM. Signaling of ERBB receptor tyrosine kinases promotes neuroblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer 2010; 116:3233-43. [PMID: 20564646 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ERBB receptor tyrosine kinases can mediate proliferation, migration, adhesion, differentiation, and survival in many types of cells and play critical roles in many malignancies. Recent reports suggest a role for EGFR signaling in proliferation and survival of neuroblastoma, a common form of pediatric cancer that often has an extremely poor outcome. METHODS The authors examined ERBB family expression in neuroblastoma cell lines and patient samples by flow cytometry, western blot, and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Response to ERBB inhibition was assessed in vitro by cell-cycle analysis and western blot and in vivo by serial tumor-size measurements. RESULTS A panel of neuroblastoma cell lines and primary patient tumors expressed EGFR, HER-3, and HER-4, with HER-2 in some tumors. HER-4 mRNA was expressed predominantly in cleavable isoforms. Whereas EGFR inhibition with erlotinib and pan-ERBB inhibition with CI-1033 inhibited EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, and ERK1/2, only CI-1033 induced growth inhibition and dose-dependent apoptosis in vitro. Both CI-1033 and erlotinib treatment of neuroblastoma xenograft tumors resulted in decreased tumor growth in vivo, although CI-1033 was more effective. In vivo expression of EGFR was observed predominantly in vascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Pan-ERBB inhibition is required for ERBB-related neuroblastoma apoptosis in vitro, although EGFR contributes indirectly to tumor growth in vivo. Inhibition of EGFR in endothelial cells may be an important aspect of erlotinib's impact on neuroblastoma growth in vivo. Our results suggest that non-EGFR ERBB family members contribute directly to neuroblastoma growth and survival, and pan-ERBB inhibition represents a potential therapeutic target for treating neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Richards
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Children's Cancer Hospital, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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33
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Garofalo A, Goossens L, Lemoine A, Farce A, Arlot Y, Depreux P. Quinazoline-urea, new protein kinase inhibitors in treatment of prostate cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:158-71. [PMID: 20222760 DOI: 10.3109/14756360903169485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), two protein tyrosine kinases, are involved in pathological disorders and the progression of different types of carcinomas. Concomitant inhibition of both tyrosine kinase activities appears to be an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy. A series of new quinazoline derivatives substituted by amide, urea, or carbamic acid ester groups have been synthesized. The biological activities of these new compounds have been evaluated for their enzyme inhibition and antiproliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garofalo
- Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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34
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Wong HK, Lahdenranta J, Kamoun WS, Chan AW, McClatchey AI, Plotkin SR, Jain RK, di Tomaso E. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies as a novel therapeutic approach to treating neurofibromatosis-related tumors. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3483-93. [PMID: 20406973 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with bilateral vestibular schwannomas associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) experience significant morbidity such as complete hearing loss. We have recently shown that treatment with bevacizumab provided tumor stabilization and hearing recovery in a subset of NF2 patients with progressive disease. In the current study, we used two animal models to identify the mechanism of action of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in schwannomas. The human HEI193 and murine Nf2(-/-) cell lines were implanted between the pia and arachnoid meninges as well as in the sciatic nerve to mimic central and peripheral schwannomas. Mice were treated with bevacizumab (10 mg/kg/wk i.v.) or vandetanib (50 mg/kg/d orally) to block the VEGF pathway. Using intravital and confocal microscopy, together with whole-body imaging, we measured tumor growth delay, survival rate, as well as blood vessel structure and function at regular intervals. In both models, tumor vessel diameter, length/surface area density, and permeability were significantly reduced after treatment. After 2 weeks of treatment, necrosis in HEI193 tumors and apoptosis in Nf2(-/-) tumors were significantly increased, and the tumor growth rate decreased by an average of 50%. The survival of mice bearing intracranial schwannomas was extended by at least 50%. This study shows that anti-VEGF therapy normalizes the vasculature of schwannoma xenografts in nude mice and successfully controls the tumor growth, probably by reestablishing a natural balance between VEGF and semaphorin 3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Kit Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Steele Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Lan WJ, Hao GK, Wang J, Zhang RH, Lan W, Wang RM, Sun R, Wang TF. Duplexed On-Microbead Binding Assay for Competitive Inhibitor of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor by Quantitative Flow Cytometry. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:560-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Zhang Z, Chen J, Ding L, Jin H, Lovell JF, Corbin IR, Cao W, Lo PC, Yang M, Tsao MS, Luo Q, Zheng G. HDL-mimicking peptide-lipid nanoparticles with improved tumor targeting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:430-7. [PMID: 19957284 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of intracellularly active diagnostics and therapeutics in vivo is a major challenge in cancer nanomedicine. A nanocarrier should possess long circulation time yet be small and stable enough to freely navigate through interstitial space to deliver its cargo to targeted cells. Herein, it is shown that by adding targeting ligands to nanoparticles that mimic high-density lipoprotein (HDL), tumor-targeted sub-30-nm peptide-lipid nanocarriers are created with controllable size, cargo loading, and shielding properties. The size of the nanocarrier is tunable between 10 and 30 nm, which correlates with a payload of 15-100 molecules of fluorescent dye. Ligand-directed nanocarriers targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. The nanocarriers show favorable circulation time, tumor accumulation, and biodistribution with or without the targeting ligand. The EGFR targeting ligand is proved to be essential for the EGFR-mediated tumor cell uptake of the nanocarriers, a prerequisite of intracellular delivery. The results demonstrate that targeted HDL-mimetic nanocarriers are useful delivery vehicles that could open new avenues for the development of clinically viable targeted nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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Abdollahi A, Folkman J. Evading tumor evasion: current concepts and perspectives of anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2010; 13:16-28. [PMID: 20061178 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within three decades, anti-angiogenic therapy has rapidly evolved into an integral component of current standard anti-cancer treatment. Anti-angiogenic therapy has fulfilled a number of its earlier proposed promises. The universality of this approach is demonstrated by the broad spectrum of malignant and benign tumor entities, as well as non-neoplastic diseases, that are currently treated with anti-angiogenic agents. In contrast to tumor cell targeting therapies, the development of acquired drug resistance (e.g., via mutations in growth factor receptor signaling genes) has not been described yet for the principal target of anti-angiogenic therapy--the tumor endothelium. Moreover, the tumor endothelium has emerged as a critical target of conventional cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The presumption that tumor growth and metastasis are angiogenesis-dependent implies that the number of potential targets of an anti-cancer therapy could be reduced to those that stimulate the angiogenesis process. Therefore, the set of endogenous angiogenesis stimulants might constitute an "Achilles heel" of cancer. Direct targeting of tumor endothelium via, e.g., endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors poses another promising but clinically less explored therapeutic strategy. Indeed, the majority of current anti-angiogenic approaches block the activity of a single or at most a few pro-angiogenic proteins secreted by tumor cells or the tumor stroma. Based on our systems biology work on the angiogenic switch, we predicted that the redundancy of angiogenic signals might limit the efficacy of anti-angiogenic monotherapies. In support of this hypothesis, emerging experimental evidence suggests that tumors may become refractory or even evade the inhibition of a single pro-angiogenic pathway via compensatory upregulation of alternative angiogenic factors. Here, we discuss current concepts and propose novel strategies to overcome tumor evasion of anti-angiogenic therapy. We believe that early detection of tumors, prediction of tumor evasive mechanisms and rational design of anti-angiogenic combinations will direct anti-angiogenic therapy towards its ultimate goal--the conversion of cancer to a dormant, chronic, manageable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdollahi
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Dept. of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
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38
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Jänne PA, Gray N, Settleman J. Factors underlying sensitivity of cancers to small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2009; 8:709-23. [PMID: 19629074 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selective small-molecule kinase inhibitors have emerged over the past decade as an important class of anti-cancer agents, and have demonstrated impressive clinical efficacy in several different diseases, including relatively common malignancies such as breast and lung cancer. However, clinical benefit is typically limited to a fraction of treated patients. Genomic features of individual tumours contribute significantly to such clinical responses, and these seem to vary tremendously across patients. Additional factors, including pharmacogenomics, the tumour microenvironment and rapidly acquired drug resistance, also contribute to the clinical sensitivity of various cancers, and should be considered and applied in the development and use of new kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasi A Jänne
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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39
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Iivanainen E, Lauttia S, Zhang N, Tvorogov D, Kulmala J, Grenman R, Salven P, Elenius K. The EGFR inhibitor gefitinib suppresses recruitment of pericytes and bone marrow-derived perivascular cells into tumor vessels. Microvasc Res 2009; 78:278-85. [PMID: 19596357 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that target EGFR have established anti-tumor effect and are used in the clinic. Here we addressed whether inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity by gefitinib in tumor microenvironment affected tumor angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. A syngeneic tumor model of mice with grafted GFP-labeled bone marrow cells was used to analyze the effects of gefitinib on different cellular components of tumor vasculature. To characterize tumor cell-independent stromal effects of EGFR targeting, the mice were injected with B16 melanoma cells not expressing significant quantities of EGFR, and treated with gefitinib for seven days, a period not sufficient for significant reduction in total tumor volume. Numbers of vessels as well as cell surface areas covered by markers of endothelial, pericyte and bone marrow-derived progenitor cells were quantified by image analysis of tumor sections. Quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical data demonstrated that gefitinib decreased the coverage of small CD31-positive vessels with NG2-positive pericytes, as well as reduced the recruitment of perivascular GFP-positive bone marrow-derived progenitor cells within the tumor tissue. These results suggest that inhibition of EGFR activity in tumors has vascular effects in the absence of direct effect on tumor cells. EGFR targeting may lead to suppressed mobilization of pericytes needed for vessel stabilization, as well as of bone marrow-derived perivascular progenitor cells. These findings introduce novel cellular mechanisms by which EGFR targeted drugs may suppress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Iivanainen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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40
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Eikesdal HP, Kalluri R. Drug resistance associated with antiangiogenesis therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2009; 19:310-7. [PMID: 19524042 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neovascularization is one of the hallmarks associated with tumor growth. In the recent years, a number of angiogenesis inhibitors have been approved for clinical use in cancer patients. However, the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy is in most cases short-lasting, with likely drug resistance developing within a few months. It is becoming clear also that there are a subset of malignant tumors that are inherently resistant to angiogenesis inhibition. The knowledge regarding resistance mechanisms towards angiogenesis inhibitors is still evolving and here we propose some theories and in some cases provide experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Petter Eikesdal
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Naumov GN, Nilsson MB, Cascone T, Briggs A, Straume O, Akslen LA, Lifshits E, Byers LA, Xu L, Wu HK, Jänne P, Kobayashi S, Halmos B, Tenen D, Tang XM, Engelman J, Yeap B, Folkman J, Johnson BE, Heymach JV. Combined vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade inhibits tumor growth in xenograft models of EGFR inhibitor resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:3484-94. [PMID: 19447865 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) gefitinib and erlotinib benefit some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but most do not respond (primary resistance) and those who initially respond eventually progress (acquired resistance). EGFR TKI resistance is not completely understood and has been associated with certain EGFR and K-RAS mutations and MET amplification. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We hypothesized that dual inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and EGFR pathways may overcome primary and acquired resistance. We investigated the VEGF receptor/EGFR TKI vandetanib, and the combination of bevacizumab and erlotinib in vivo using xenograft models of EGFR TKI sensitivity, primary resistance, and three models of acquired resistance, including models with mutated K-RAS and secondary EGFR T790M mutation. RESULTS Vandetanib, gefitinib, and erlotinib had similar profiles of in vitro activity and caused sustained tumor regressions in vivo in the sensitive HCC827 model. In all four resistant models, vandetanib and bevacizumab/erlotinib were significantly more effective than erlotinib or gefitinib alone. Erlotinib resistance was associated with a rise in both host and tumor-derived VEGF but not EGFR secondary mutations in the KRAS mutant-bearing A549 xenografts. Dual inhibition reduced tumor endothelial proliferation compared with VEGF or EGFR blockade alone, suggesting that the enhanced activity of dual inhibition is due at least in part to antiendothelial effects. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that erlotinib resistance may be associated with a rise in both tumor cell and host stromal VEGF and that combined blockade of the VEGFR and EGFR pathways can abrogate primary or acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs. This approach merits further evaluation in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Naumov
- Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, and Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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42
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Cohen EEW, Davis DW, Karrison TG, Seiwert TY, Wong SJ, Nattam S, Kozloff MF, Clark JI, Yan DH, Liu W, Pierce C, Dancey JE, Stenson K, Blair E, Dekker A, Vokes EE. Erlotinib and bevacizumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a phase I/II study. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:247-57. [PMID: 19201650 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated target in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, but in patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, EGFR targeting agents have displayed modest efficacy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis has been implicated as a mechanism of resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. In this multi-institutional phase I/II study we combined an EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, with an anti-VEGF antibody, bevacizumab. METHODS Between April 15, 2003, and Jan 27, 2005, patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck were enrolled from seven centres in the USA and were given erlotinib (150 mg daily) and bevacizumab in escalating dose cohorts. The primary objectives in the phase I and II sections, respectively, were to establish the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity of bevacizumab when administered with erlotinib and to establish the proportion of objective responses and time to disease progression. Pretreatment serum and tissues were collected and analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence quantitative laser analysis, respectively. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00055913. FINDINGS In the phase I section of the trial, ten patients were enrolled in three successive cohorts with no dose-limiting toxic effects noted. 46 patients were enrolled in the phase II section of the trial (including three patients from the phase I section) on the highest dose of bevacizumab (15 mg/kg every 3 weeks). Two additional patients were accrued beyond the protocol-stipulated 46, leaving a total of 48 patients for the phase II assessment. The most common toxic effects of any grade were rash and diarrhoea (41 and 16 of 48 patients, respectively). Three patients had serious bleeding events of grade 3 or higher. Seven patients had a response, with four showing a complete response allowing rejection of the null hypothesis. Median time of overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) were 7.1 months (95% CI 5.7-9.0) and 4.1 months (2.8-4.4), respectively. Higher ratios of tumour-cell phosphorylated VEGF receptor-2 (pVEGFR2) over total VEGFR2 and endothelial-cell pEGFR over total EGFR in pretreatment biopsies were associated with complete response (0.704 vs 0.386, p=0.036 and 0.949 vs 0.332, p=0.036, respectively) and tumour shrinkage (p=0.007 and p=0.008, respectively) in a subset of 11 patients with available tissue. INTERPRETATION The combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab is well tolerated in recurrent or metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. A few patients seem to derive a sustained benefit and complete responses were associated with expression of putative targets in pretreatment tumour tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra E W Cohen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Chicago Cancer Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Döme B, Magyar M. [Tumor vasculature as a therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer]. Magy Onkol 2008; 52:247-59. [PMID: 18845495 DOI: 10.1556/monkol.52.2008.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite developments in conventional (chemo)radiotherapy and surgery, survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains poor. Treatments with targeted molecular drugs offer novel therapeutic strategies. Bevacizumab, a recombinant anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, is the antiangiogenic drug at the most advanced stage of development in the therapy of NSCLC. However, a number of questions and future challenges relating to the use of bevacizumab in NSCLC remain. Furthermore, novel agents targeting the pre-existing NSCLC vasculature (i.e. vascular disrupting agents, VDAs) or multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors have emerged as unique drug classes delivering promising results in several preclinical and clinical studies. Herein, we review the most recent data using these novel targeted agents either alone or in combination with chemotherapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Döme
- Országos Korányi TBC és Pulmonológiai Intézet IV. Tüdogyógyászati Osztály 1529 Budapest Piheno u. 1. Országos Korányi TBC és Pulmonológiai Intézet Tumorbiológiai Osztály Budapest.
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