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Deng J, Li Y, Yuan Y, Yin F, Chao J, Huang J, Liu Z, Wang K, Zhu M. Secondary Metabolites from the Genus Eurotium and Their Biological Activities. Foods 2023; 12:4452. [PMID: 38137256 PMCID: PMC10742824 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Eurotium is the teleomorph genus associated with the section Aspergillus. Eurotium comprises approximately 20 species, which are widely distributed in nature and human environments. Eurotium is usually the key microorganism for the fermentation of traditional food, such as Fuzhuan brick tea, Liupao tea, Meju, and Karebushi; thus, Eurotium is an important fungus in the food industry. Eurotium has been extensively studied because it contains a series of interesting, structurally diverse, and biologically important secondary metabolites, including anthraquinones, benzaldehyde derivatives, and indol diketopiperazine alkaloids. These secondary metabolites have shown multiple biological activities, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antitumor, insecticidal, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study presents an up-to-date review of the phytochemistry and biological activities of all Eurotium species. This review will provide recent advances on the secondary metabolites and their bioactivities in the genus Eurotium for the first time and serve as a database for future research and drug development from the genus Eurotium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantianye Deng
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (K.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yilong Li
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (K.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Hunan Tea Group Co., Ltd., Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Feiyan Yin
- Hunan Tea Group Co., Ltd., Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jin Chao
- Hunan Tea Group Co., Ltd., Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (F.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jianan Huang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (K.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (K.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (K.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (J.H.); (Z.L.); (K.W.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Xin J, Chen X, Xu T, He J, Pan Z, Zhang C. Metabolomic profiles of the liquid state fermentation in co-culture of Eurotium amstelodami and Bacillus licheniformis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1080743. [PMID: 36778878 PMCID: PMC9909110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1080743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important source of new drug molecules, secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by microorganisms possess important biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effects. However, the true potential of microbial synthesis of SMs has not been fully elucidated as the SM gene clusters remain silent under laboratory culture conditions. Herein, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of Staphylococcus aureus by co-culture of Eurotium amstelodami and three Bacillus species, including Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In addition, a non-target approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS) was used to detect differences in extracellular and intracellular metabolites. Notably, the co-culture of E. amstelodami and Bacillus spices significantly improved the inhibitory effect against S. aureus, with the combination of E. amstelodami and B. licheniformis showing best performance. Metabolomics data further revealed that the abundant SMs, such as Nummularine B, Lucidenic acid E2, Elatoside G, Aspergillic acid, 4-Hydroxycyclohexylcarboxylic acid, Copaene, and Pipecolic acid were significantly enhanced in co-culture. Intracellularly, the differential metabolites were involved in the metabolism of amino acids, nucleic acids, and glycerophospholipid. Overall, this work demonstrates that the co-culture strategy is beneficial for inducing biosynthesis of active metabolites in E. amstelodami and B. licheniformis.
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Bispyrrolidinoindoline Epi(poly)thiodioxopiperazines (BPI-ETPs) and Simplified Mimetics: Structural Characterization, Bioactivities, and Total Synthesis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217585. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the 2,5-dioxopiperazine-containing natural products generated by “head-to-tail” cyclization of peptides, those derived from tryptophan allow further structural diversification due to the rich chemical reactivity of the indole heterocycle, which can generate tetracyclic fragments of hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole or pyrrolidinoindoline skeleton fused to the 2,5-dioxopiperazine. Even more complex are the dimeric bispyrrolidinoindoline epi(poly)thiodioxopiperazines (BPI-ETPs), since they feature transannular (poly)sulfide bridges connecting C3 and C6 of their 2,5-dioxopiperazine rings. Homo- and heterodimers composed of diastereomeric epi(poly)thiodioxopiperazines increase the complexity of the family. Furthermore, putative biogenetically generated downstream metabolites with C11 and C11’-hydroxylated cores, as well as deoxygenated and/or oxidized side chain counterparts, have also been described. The isolation of these complex polycyclic tryptophan-derived alkaloids from the classical sources, their structural characterization, the description of the relevant biological activities and putative biogenetic routes, and the synthetic efforts to generate and confirm their structures and also to prepare and further evaluate structurally simple analogs will be reported.
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Zorrilla JG, Evidente A. Structures and Biological Activities of Alkaloids Produced by Mushrooms, a Fungal Subgroup. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081025. [PMID: 35892335 PMCID: PMC9332295 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a wide family of basic N-containing natural products, whose research has revealed bioactive compounds of pharmacological interest. Studies on these compounds have focused more attention on those produced by plants, although other types of organisms have also been proven to synthesize bioactive alkaloids, such as animals, marine organisms, bacteria, and fungi. This review covers the findings of the last 20 years (2002–2022) related to the isolation, structures, and biological activities of the alkaloids produced by mushrooms, a fungal subgroup, and their potential to develop drugs and agrochemicals. In some cases, the synthesis of the reviewed compounds and structure−activity relationship studies have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús G. Zorrilla
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/Republica Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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García-Domínguez P, Areal A, Alvarez R, de Lera AR. Chemical synthesis in competition with global genome mining and heterologous expression for the preparation of dimeric tryptophan-derived 2,5-dioxopiperazines. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1172-1225. [PMID: 35470828 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2021Within the 2,5-dioxopiperazines-containing natural products, those generated from tryptophan allow further structural diversification due to the rich chemical reactivity of the indole heterocycle. The great variety of natural products, ranging from simple dimeric bispyrrolidinoindoline dioxopiperazines and tryptophan-derived dioxopiperazine/pyrrolidinoindoline dioxopiperazine analogs to complex polycyclic downstream metabolites containing transannular connections between the subunits, will be covered. These natural products are constructed by Nature using hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly lines. Mining of microbial genome sequences has more recently allowed the study of the metabolic routes and the discovery of their hidden biosynthetic potential. The competition (ideally, also the combined efforts) between their isolation from the cultures of the producing microorganisms after global genome mining and heterologous expression and the synthetic campaigns, has more recently allowed the successful generation and structural confirmation of these natural products. Their biological activities as well as their proposed biogenetic routes and computational studies on biogenesis will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Areal
- CINBIO and Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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Elkady WM, Raafat MM, Abdel-Aziz MM, AL-Huqail AA, Ashour ML, Fathallah N. Endophytic Fungus from Opuntia ficus-indica: A Source of Potential Bioactive Antimicrobial Compounds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1070. [PMID: 35448800 PMCID: PMC9031031 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic Aspergillus species represent an inexhaustible source for many medicinally important secondary metabolites. The current study isolated the endophytic Aspergillus niger (OL519514) fungus from Opuntia ficus-indica fruit peels. The antibacterial activities were reported for both Aspergillus species and Opuntia ficus-indica fruit peel extract. Extraction of the endophytic fungal metabolites using ethyl acetate and fractionation was performed, yielding dihydroauroglaucin (C1), isotetrahydroauroglaucin (C2), and cristatumin B (C3). Resistant bacterial strains were used to investigate the efficiency of the total fungal ethyl acetate extract (FEA) and the isolated compounds. FEA showed promising wide spectrum activity. (C3) showed excellent activity against selected Gram-negative resistant bacteria; However, (C2) exhibited tremendous activity against the tested Gram-positive resistant strains; conversely, (C1) possessed the lowest antibacterial activity compared to the two other compounds. An in silico virtual molecular docking demonstrated that cristatumin B was the most active antimicrobial compound against the selected protein targets. In conclusion, the active metabolites newly isolated from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger (OL519514) and present in plants' waste can be a promising antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M. Elkady
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (W.M.E.); (N.F.)
| | - Marwa M. Raafat
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Arwa A. AL-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Fathallah
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (W.M.E.); (N.F.)
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Williams K, de Mattos-Shipley KMJ, Willis CL, Bailey AM. In silico analyses of maleidride biosynthetic gene clusters. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:2. [PMID: 35177129 PMCID: PMC8851701 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maleidrides are a family of structurally related fungal natural products, many of which possess diverse, potent bioactivities. Previous identification of several maleidride biosynthetic gene clusters, and subsequent experimental work, has determined the 'core' set of genes required to construct the characteristic medium-sized alicyclic ring with maleic anhydride moieties. Through genome mining, this work has used these core genes to discover ten entirely novel putative maleidride biosynthetic gene clusters, amongst both publicly available genomes, and encoded within the genome of the previously un-sequenced epiheveadride producer Wicklowia aquatica CBS 125634. We have undertaken phylogenetic analyses and comparative bioinformatics on all known and putative maleidride biosynthetic gene clusters to gain further insights regarding these unique biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Williams
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Kate M. J. de Mattos-Shipley
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Christine L. Willis
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS UK
| | - Andrew M. Bailey
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
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Ningsih BNS, Rukachaisirikul V, Phongpaichit S, Preedanon S, Sakayaroj J, Muanprasat C. A nonadride derivative from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus chevalieri PSU-AMF79. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35168452 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2039651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One new nonadride enantiomer, ent-epiheveadride, along with five known dioxopiperazine derivatives were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus chevalieri PSU-AMF79. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of ent-epiheveadride was determined by comparison of the specific rotation and electronic circular dichroism data with those of related known compounds. It exhibited antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC90113 flucytosine-resistant and Candida albicans NCPF3153 with the MIC values of 128 and 200 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the known L-alanyl-L-tryptophan anhydride displayed TMEM16A inhibitory activity with 65.0% inhibition at a concentration of 5 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiq Nila Sari Ningsih
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Souwalak Phongpaichit
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sita Preedanon
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology for Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jariya Sakayaroj
- School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
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Guo X, Chen F, Liu J, Shao Y, Wang X, Zhou Y. Genome Mining and Analysis of PKS Genes in Eurotium cristatum E1 Isolated from Fuzhuan Brick Tea. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020193. [PMID: 35205947 PMCID: PMC8874483 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eurotium cristatum as the dominant fungi species of Fuzhuan brick tea in China, can produce multitudinous secondary metabolites (SMs) with various bioactivities. Polyketides are a very important class of SMs found in E. cristatum and have gained extensive attention in recent years due to their remarkable diversity of structures and multiple functions. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the polyketides produced by E. cristatum at the genomic level to enhance its application value. In this paper, 12 polyketide synthase (PKS) genes were found in the whole genome of E. cristatum E1 isolated from Fuzhuan brick tea. In addition, the qRT-PCR results further demonstrated that these genes were expressed. Moreover, metabolic analysis demonstrated E. cristatum E1 can produce a variety of polyketides, including citreorosein, emodin, physcion, isoaspergin, dihydroauroglaucin, iso-dihydroauroglaucin, aspergin, flavoglaucin and auroglaucin. Furthermore, based on genomic analysis, the putative secondary metabolites clusters for emodin and flavoglaucin were proposed. The results reported here will lay a good basis for systematically mining SMs resources of E. cristatum and broadening its application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.G.); (F.C.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.G.); (F.C.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro Products, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yanchun Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.G.); (F.C.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.G.); (F.C.); (Y.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Y.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-27-87282111 (X.W.); +86-27-87389465 (Y.Z.)
| | - Youxiang Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro Products, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Y.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-27-87282111 (X.W.); +86-27-87389465 (Y.Z.)
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Microbial Depolymerization of Epoxy Resins: A Novel Approach to a Complex Challenge. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this project is evaluating the potential of microbes (fungi and bacteria) for the depolymerization of epoxy, aiming at the development of a circular management of natural resources for epoxy in a long-term prospective. For depolymerization, epoxy samples were incubated for 1, 3, 6 and 9 months in soil microcosms inoculated with Ganoderma adspersum. Contact angle data revealed a reduction in the hydrophobicity induced by the fungus. Environmental scanning electron microscopy on epoxy samples incubated for more than 3 years in microbiological water revealed abundant microbiota. This comprised microbes of different sizes and shapes. The fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus calidoustus, as well as the bacteria Variovorax sp. and Methyloversatilis discipulorum, were isolated from this environment. Altogether, these results suggest that microbes are able to colonize epoxy surfaces and, most probably, also partially depolymerize them. This could open promising opportunities for the study of new metabolisms potentially able depolymerize epoxy materials.
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Dynamic Evolution and Correlation between Metabolites and Microorganisms during Manufacturing Process and Storage of Fu Brick Tea. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100703. [PMID: 34677418 PMCID: PMC8539874 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fu brick tea (FBT) is one of the major brands of dark tea. Microbial fermentation is considered the key step in the development of the special characteristics of FBT. The systemic corelationship of the microbiome and metabolomics during manufacture of Fu brick tea is not fully understood. In this study, we comprehensively explored the microbiome and metabolite dynamic evolution during the FBT manufacturing processes, and revealed decisive factors for the quality and safety of FBT based on the grouped methods of metabolomics combined with biochemical measurements, microbiome sequencing combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and multiplex analysis. Both the microbiome and quantitative PCR showed that fungi displayed concentrated distribution characteristics in the primary dark tea samples, while bacterial richness increased during the flowering processes and ripening period. All microorganism species, as well as dominant fungi and bacteria, were identified in the distinct processes periods. A total of 178 metabolites were identified, and 34 of them were characterized as critical metabolites responsible for metabolic changes caused by the corresponding processes. Metabolic analysis showed that most metabolites were decreased during the FBT manufacturing processes, with the exception of gallic acid. Multivariate analysis verified that the critical metabolites were correlated with specific dominant microbial species. All the top fungal species except unclassified_g_ Aspergillus showed positive correlations with six critical metabolites (L-The, epigallocatechin (EGC), Gln, tea polyphenol (TP), tea polysaccharides (TPs) and caffeine). Five of the top bacteria species (Cronobacter, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Pluralibacter, and unclassified_ f_Entero-bacteriaceae) showed positive correlations with epigallocatechins and tea polyphenols, while the other 11 top bacterial species correlated negatively with all the critical metabolites. The content of amino acids, tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, and flavonoids was reduced during microbial fermentation. In conclusion, our results reveal that microbial composition is the critical factor in changing the metabolic profile of FBT. This discovery provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of FBT and enhancing its safety.
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Sharifi-Rad J, Bahukhandi A, Dhyani P, Sati P, Capanoglu E, Docea AO, Al-Harrasi A, Dey A, Calina D. Therapeutic Potential of Neoechinulins and Their Derivatives: An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Behind Pharmacological Activities. Front Nutr 2021; 8:664197. [PMID: 34336908 PMCID: PMC8322439 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.664197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoechinulins are diketopiperazine type indole alkaloids that demonstrate radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-neurodegenerative, neurotrophic factor-like, anticancer, pro-apoptotic, and anti-apoptotic properties. An array of neoechinulins such as neoechinulins A-E, isoechinulins A-C, cryptoechunilin have been isolated from various fungal sources like Aspergillus sp., Xylaria euglossa, Eurotium cristatum, Microsporum sp., etc. Besides, neoechinulin derivatives or stereoisomers were also obtained from diverse non-fungal sources viz. Tinospora sagittata, Opuntia dillenii, Cyrtomium fortunei, Cannabis sativa, and so on. The main purpose of this review is to provide update information on neoechinulins and their analogues about the molecular mechanisms of the pharmacological action and possible future research. The recent data from this review can be used to create a basis for the discovery of new neoechinulin-based drugs and their analogues in the near future. The online databases PubMed, Science and Google scholar were researched for the selection and collection of data from the available literature on neoechinulins, their natural sources and their pharmacological properties. The published books on this topic were also analysed. In vitro and in vivo assays have established the potential of neoechinulin A as a promising anticancer and anti-neuroinflammatory lead molecule. Neoechinulin B was also identified as a potential antiviral drug against hepatitis C virus. Toxicological and clinical trials are needed in the future to improve the phyto-pharmacological profile of neoquinolines. From the analysis of the literature, we found that neoechinulins and their derivatives have special biological potential. Although some modern pharmacological analyzes have highlighted the molecular mechanisms of action and some signalling pathways, the correlation between these phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities must be validated in the future by preclinical toxicological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amit Bahukhandi
- G.B Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Almora, India
| | - Praveen Dhyani
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Priyanka Sati
- Department of Biotechnology Graphic Era University, Dehradun, India
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Turkey
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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13
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Mohamed AF, Abuamara TMM, Amer ME, Ei-Moselhy LE, Gomah TA, Matar ER, Shebl RI, Desouky SE, Abu-Elghait M. Genetic and Histopathological Alterations in Caco-2 and HuH-7 Cells Treated with Secondary Metabolites of Marine fungi. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:480-495. [PMID: 33974218 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to study the activity of naturally derived fungal secondary metabolites as anticancer agents concerning their cytotoxicity, apoptotic, genetic, and histopathological profile. It was noticed that Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus induced variable toxic potential that was cell type, secondary metabolite type, and concentration dependent. Human colonic adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) showed less sensitivity than hepatocyte-derived cellular carcinoma cells (HuH-7), and in turn, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was variable. Also, the apoptotic potential of Aspergillus species-derived fungal secondary metabolites was proven via detection of up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes. The expression level was cell type dependent. Concurrently, apoptotic profile was accompanied with cellular DNA accumulation at the G2/M phase, as well as an elevation in Pre-G1 phase but not during G0/G1 and S phases. Also, there were characteristic apoptotic features of treated cells presented as abnormal intra-nuclear eosinophilic structures, dead cells with mixed euchromatin and heterochromatin, ruptured cell membranes, apoptotic cells with irregular cellular and nuclear membranes, as well as peripheral chromatin condensation. It can be concluded that Aspergillus secondary metabolites are promising agents that can be used as supplementary agents to the currently applied anti-cancer drug regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Fahmy Mohamed
- The International center for training and advanced researches (ICTAR -Egypt), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M M Abuamara
- Histology department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Amer
- Histology department, Faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Laila E Ei-Moselhy
- Histology department, Faculty of medicine (girls), Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | | | - Emadeldin R Matar
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Ibrahim Shebl
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said E Desouky
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar Uniersity, 11847, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abu-Elghait
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar Uniersity, 11847, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Greco M, Pose G, Pardo A. Growth characterization and predictive behavior of Eurotium species in a feedstuff matrix. Rev Argent Microbiol 2021; 53:248-256. [PMID: 33384198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal feeds are characterized by low water activity values. Nevertheless, fungal contamination with Eurotium species are quite common, causing nutritional depletion, spoilage and economic losses. The aim of this work was to assess Eurotium amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. repens and E. rubrum growth in a feed matrix at different conditions of water activity (0.71-0.97) and temperature (5, 15, 25, 30 and 37°C). It was found that Eurotium species are able to grow in a wide range of water activity and temperature in a short period of time (7 days) and faster than in synthetic media. Rosso and probabilistic models were applied in order to determine the limiting and optimum growth conditions as well as growth probability at certain combinations of environmental factors. Both models provided an accurate fit to the cardinal parameters and good performance for growth/no growth cases. This is the first report assessing the growth parameters of Eurotium species directly in animal feed. Data obtained in the present study is useful to predict and avoid Eurotium species growth in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Greco
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Graciela Pose
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Alejandro Pardo
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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15
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Takahashi JA, Barbosa BVR, Martins BDA, P. Guirlanda C, A. F. Moura M. Use of the Versatility of Fungal Metabolism to Meet Modern Demands for Healthy Aging, Functional Foods, and Sustainability. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E223. [PMID: 33076336 PMCID: PMC7711925 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated, non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCD) such as cancer, dyslipidemia, and neurodegenerative disorders have been challenged through several strategies including the consumption of healthy foods and the development of new drugs for existing diseases. Consumer health consciousness is guiding market trends toward the development of additives and nutraceutical products of natural origin. Fungi produce several metabolites with bioactivity against NTCD as well as pigments, dyes, antioxidants, polysaccharides, and enzymes that can be explored as substitutes for synthetic food additives. Research in this area has increased the yields of metabolites for industrial applications through improving fermentation conditions, application of metabolic engineering techniques, and fungal genetic manipulation. Several modern hyphenated techniques have impressively increased the rate of research in this area, enabling the analysis of a large number of species and fermentative conditions. This review thus focuses on summarizing the nutritional, pharmacological, and economic importance of fungi and their metabolites resulting from applications in the aforementioned areas, examples of modern techniques for optimizing the production of fungi and their metabolites, and methodologies for the identification and analysis of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A. Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pres. Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (B.V.R.B.); (B.d.A.M.)
| | - Bianca V. R. Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pres. Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (B.V.R.B.); (B.d.A.M.)
| | - Bruna de A. Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pres. Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (B.V.R.B.); (B.d.A.M.)
| | - Christiano P. Guirlanda
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pres. Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (C.P.G.); (M.A.F.M.)
| | - Marília A. F. Moura
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pres. Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (C.P.G.); (M.A.F.M.)
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16
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Ortiz-Lemus JF, Campoy S, Martín JF. Biological control of mites by xerophile Eurotium species isolated from the surface of dry cured ham and dry beef cecina. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:665-676. [PMID: 32869458 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Some meat dry products, including dry cured ham and dry beef cecina, are cured in cellars at moderately cold temperature allowing the growth of a lawn of fungi on their surface. During the curing process, frequently these products became contaminated with fungivore mites of the Acaridae family that feed on fungal mycelium and spores. AIMS The aim of this article is to study the possible biological control of mites by fungi that form part of the normal microbiota of these meat products. METHODS AND RESULTS Some yellow/orange pigmented fungi growing on the ham surface decreased the proliferation of mites; therefore, we isolated from ham and cecina xerophilic yellow/orange coloured fungal strains that were identified as members of the genus Eurotium (recently reclassified as Aspergillus section Aspergillus). Using molecular genetic tools, we have identified 158 strains as Eurotium rubrum (Aspergillus ruber), Eurotium repens (Aspergillus pseudoglaucus) and Eurotium chevalieri (Aspergillus chevalieri). Two strains, E. rubrum C47 and E. rubrum C49, showed strong miticidal activity. The toxic compound(s) are associated with the formation of cleistothecia. In synchronized mite development experiments, we observed that all stages of the mite lifecycle were inhibited by the E. rubrum C47 strain. In addition, we searched for miticidal activity in 13 culture collection Eurotium strains isolated from different habitats, and found that only one, Eurotium cristatum NRRL 4222 (Aspergillus cristatus) has a strong miticidal activity. CONCLUSIONS These fungal strains have proliferated on the surface of ham and cecina for decades, and possibly have acquired miticidal activity as a resistance mechanism against fungivores. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Biological control of infecting mites by favouring growth of E. rubrun C47, in place of the normal mixed population of Aspergillus and Penicillium, is an attractive approach to control mite infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ortiz-Lemus
- Área de Microbiología, Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología de León, INBIOTEC, León, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia
| | - S Campoy
- Área de Microbiología, Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología de León, INBIOTEC, León, Spain
| | - J F Martín
- Área de Microbiología, Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología de León, INBIOTEC, León, Spain
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17
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Bobadilla-Carrillo GI, Magallón-Servín P, López-Vela M, Palomino-Hermosillo YA, Ramírez-Ramírez JC, Gutiérrez-Leyva R, Ibarra-Castro L, Bautista-Rosales PU. Characterization and proliferation capacity of potentially pathogenic fungi in marine and freshwater fish commercial feeds. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2379-2390. [PMID: 32588083 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the aquaculture industry, the selection and quality of feed are highly relevant because their integrity and management have an impact on the health and development of organisms. In general, feeds contamination depends on storage conditions and formulation. Furthermore, it has been recognized that filamentous fungi are among the most important contaminating agent in formulated feeds. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify saprophytic fungi capable of proliferating in commercial feeds, as well as determining their prevalence, extracellular enzymes profile, ability to assimilate carbon sources, and finally their ability to produce aflatoxins. In order to do that, twenty-two fungi were isolated from commercial fish feeds. After, the species Aspergillus chevalieri, A. cristatus, A. sydowii, A. versicolor, A. flavus, A. creber, and Lichtheimia ramosa were identified. These fungi were able to produce extracellular enzymes, such as phosphatases, esterases, proteases, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. The isolated fungi showed no selective behavior in the assimilation of the different carbon sources, showing a strong metabolic diversity. Prevalence percentages above 85% were recorded. Among all fungi studied, A. flavus M3-C1 had the highest production of aflatoxins when this strain was inoculated directly in the feeds (295 ppb). The aflatoxin production by this strain under the experimental setting is above the permitted levels, and it has been established that high levels of aflatoxins in feeds can cause alterations in fish growth as well as the development of cancerous tumors in the liver, in addition to enhancing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ilieva Bobadilla-Carrillo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9, Carretera Tepic-Compostela, C. P. 63780, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico.,Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C. P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Paola Magallón-Servín
- Environmental Microbiology Group At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Km. 1 Carretera a San Juan de La Costa "El Comitan", C. P. 23205, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.,Bashan Institute of Sciences, 1730 Post Oak Ct. Auburn, Dadeville, Alabama, 36830, USA
| | - Melissa López-Vela
- Environmental Microbiology Group At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Km. 1 Carretera a San Juan de La Costa "El Comitan", C. P. 23205, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.,Bashan Institute of Sciences, 1730 Post Oak Ct. Auburn, Dadeville, Alabama, 36830, USA
| | | | - José Carmen Ramírez-Ramírez
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 3.5 Carretera Compostela-Chapalilla, C. P. 63700, Compostela, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Ranferi Gutiérrez-Leyva
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 3.5 Carretera Compostela-Chapalilla, C. P. 63700, Compostela, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Ibarra-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Av. Sábalo Cerritos S/N, Col. Cerritos, C. P. 82100, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9, Carretera Tepic-Compostela, C. P. 63780, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico. .,Unidad de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de La Cultura S/N. Col. Centro, C. P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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18
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Liu G, Duan Z, Wang P, Fan D, Zhu C. Purification, characterization, and hypoglycemic properties of eurocristatine from Eurotium cristatum spores in Fuzhuan brick tea. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22234-22241. [PMID: 35516628 PMCID: PMC9054505 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) is a Chinese dark tea that is famous for its significant health benefits, in which Eurotium cristatum (E. cristatum) strains play a vital role in its postfermentation process. In this study, eurocristatine with hypoglycemic activity was discovered for the first time and purified from the spores of E. cristatum growing in FBT. Eurocristatine (98%) was obtained by D-101 macroporous resin-based column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a C18 column as the stationary phase and 35% acetonitrile in ultrapure water as the mobile phase. Hypoglycemic activity in a Hep-G2 cell hypoglycemic model was used as a screening indicator during purification. The chemical structure of eurocristatine was characterized by ESI/MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses. The antidiabetic effects of eurocristatine were verified in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. The results showed that eurocristatine significantly reduced fasting blood glucose. Our study demonstrated that eurocristatine, as a newly discovered hypoglycemic active substance, could be considered a potential candidate for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-88305118 +86-29-88305118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-88305118 +86-29-88305118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Pan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-88305118 +86-29-88305118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-88305118 +86-29-88305118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China +86-29-88305118 +86-29-88305118
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University Taibai North Road 229 Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
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19
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Sakhri A, Chaouche NK, Catania MR, Ritieni A, Santini A. Chemical Composition of Aspergillus creber Extract and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 68:309-316. [PMID: 31880876 PMCID: PMC7256719 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2019-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the species belonging to the Aspergillus section Versicolores, Aspergillus creber has been poorly studied and still unexplored for its biological activities. The present study was undertaken to analyze A. creber extract and to evaluate its in vitro antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activities. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of A. creber extract allowed the characterization of five known fungal metabolites including: asperlactone, emodin, sterigmatocystin, deoxybrevianamide E, and norsolorinic acid. The highest antimicrobial activity was displayed against Candida albicans, with a mean strongest inhibition zone of 20.6 ± 0.8 mm, followed by Gram-positive drug-resistant bacteria. The MIC values of A. creber extract varied from 0.325 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml. A. creber extract was shown a potent antioxidant activity and a high level of phenolic compounds by recording 89.28% scavenging effect for DPPH free radical, 92.93% in ABTS assay, and 85.76 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract in Folin-Ciocalteu assay. To our knowledge, this is the first study concerning biological and chemical activities of A. creber species. Based on the obtained results, A. creber could be a promising source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Sakhri
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l'Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), Département de Biologie Appliquée, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine-1 , Constantine , Algeria ; Department of Medicine, University of Batna 2 , Batna , Algeria
| | - Noreddine Kacem Chaouche
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l'Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), Département de Biologie Appliquée, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine-1 , Constantine , Algeria
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
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20
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Screening Mold Colonies by Using Two Toxicity Assays Revealed Indoor Strains of Aspergillus calidoustus Producing Ophiobolins G and K. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11120683. [PMID: 31766362 PMCID: PMC6949950 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and toxin production of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus calidoustus in Finnish buildings is not well documented in the literature. We tracked and identified four A. calidoustus colonies cultivated from indoor settled dusts and revealed the biological activities of crude biomass extracts. The toxic substances were identified as 6-epi-ophiobolin K, ophiobolin K, and ophiobolin G by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) based on chromatographic and mass spectrometry data (MS and MS/MS) on the crude extract of A. calidoustus strain MH34. A total of 29 fungal colonies collected from settled dust in an office room reported for indoor-air-related illnesses were screened for toxins that inhibited boar sperm motility in the BSMI (boar sperm motility inhibiting) assay and cell proliferation in the ICP (inhibition of cell proliferation) assays with PK-15 cells. Out of the 27 colonies tested as toxic, 12 colonies exhibiting conidiophores representative of the genera Chaetomium, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces were excluded from the study, while 13 colonies exhibited Aspergillus-like conidiophores. Biomass suspensions of these colonies were divided into two categories: Category 1 colonies (n = 4), toxic in the BSMI assay and the ICP assays, emitted blue fluorescence and grew at 37 °C; Category 2 colonies (n = 9), only toxic in the ICP assay, emitted orange fluorescence and exhibited limited or no growth at 37 °C. Colonies in Category 1 were pure-cultured, and the strains were named as MH4, MH21, MH34, MH36. Strain MH34 was identified as A. calidoustus by the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Ethanol-soluble dry substances extracted from the biomass of the pure cultures exhibited a toxicological profile in the BSMI assay, SMID (sperm membrane integrity damage) assay, and ICP assay similar to that exhibited by pure ophiobolin A. Overall, the viable conidia of A. calidoustus in indoor settled dusts deserve attention when potentially hazardous mold species are monitored.
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21
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Fathallah N, Raafat MM, Issa MY, Abdel-Aziz MM, Bishr M, Abdelkawy MA, Salama O. Bio-Guided Fractionation of Prenylated Benzaldehyde Derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm from Ammi majus L. Fruits-Associated Aspergillus amstelodami. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224118. [PMID: 31739552 PMCID: PMC6891696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammi majus L.; Family Apiaceae; is a plant indigenous to Egypt. Its fruits contain bioactive compounds such as furanocoumarins and flavonoids of important biological activities. An endophytic fungus was isolated from the fruits and identified as Aspergillus amstelodami (MK215708) by morphology, microscopical characterization, and molecular identification. To our knowledge this is the first time an endophytic fungus has been isolated from the fruits. The antimicrobial activity of the Ammi majus ethanol fruits extract (AME) and fungal ethyl acetate extract (FEA) were investigated, where the FEA showed higher antimicrobial activity, against all the tested standard strains. Phytochemical investigation of the FEA extract yielded five prenylated benzaldehyde derivative compounds isolated for the first time from this species: Dihydroauroglaucin (1), tetrahydroauroglaucin (2), 2-(3,6-dihydroxyhepta-1,4-dien-1-yl)-3,6-dihydroxy-5-(dimethylallyl)benzaldehyde (3), isotetrahydroauroglaucin )4), and flavoglaucin (5). Structure elucidation was carried out using (1H- and 13C-NMR). Fractions and the major isolated compound 1 were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Compound 1 showed high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1.95 µg/mL, Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 1.95 µg/mL), and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 3.9 µg/mL). It exhibited high antibiofilm activity with minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) = 7.81 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms and MBIC = 15.63 µg/mL against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans and moderate activity (MBIC = 31.25 µg/mL) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. This reveals that dihydroauroglaucin, a prenylated benzaldehyde derivative, has a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, it was observed that the MICs of the FEA are much lower than that of the AME against all susceptible strains, confirming that the antimicrobial activity of Ammi majus may be due to the ability of its endophytic fungi to produce effective secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Fathallah
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Marwa M. Raafat
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +2-0100-186-0189
| | - Marwa Y. Issa
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.Y.I.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz
- Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; or
| | - Mokhtar Bishr
- Arab Company for Pharmaceuticals and Medicinal Plants, El-Sharkya 11361, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa A. Abdelkawy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (M.Y.I.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Osama Salama
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.F.); (O.S.)
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22
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Lacey HJ, Gilchrist CLM, Crombie A, Kalaitzis JA, Vuong D, Rutledge PJ, Turner P, Pitt JI, Lacey E, Chooi YH, Piggott AM. Nanangenines: drimane sesquiterpenoids as the dominant metabolite cohort of a novel Australian fungus, Aspergillus nanangensis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2631-2643. [PMID: 31807198 PMCID: PMC6880815 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of an undescribed Australian fungus, Aspergillus nanangensis, led to the identification of the nanangenines - a family of seven new and three previously reported drimane sesquiterpenoids. The structures of the nanangenines were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis supported by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compounds were assayed for in vitro activity against bacteria, fungi, mammalian cells and plants. Bioinformatics analysis, including comparative analysis with other acyl drimenol-producing Aspergilli, led to the identification of a putative nanangenine biosynthetic gene cluster that corresponds to the proposed biosynthetic pathway for nanangenines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cameron L M Gilchrist
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew Crombie
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - John A Kalaitzis
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Daniel Vuong
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Peter J Rutledge
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Turner
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - John I Pitt
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew M Piggott
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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23
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Copmans D, Kildgaard S, Rasmussen SA, Ślęzak M, Dirkx N, Partoens M, Esguerra CV, Crawford AD, Larsen TO, de Witte PAM. Zebrafish-Based Discovery of Antiseizure Compounds from the North Sea: Isoquinoline Alkaloids TMC-120A and TMC-120B. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110607. [PMID: 31731399 PMCID: PMC6891649 DOI: 10.3390/md17110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high need for the development of new and improved antiseizure drugs (ASDs) to treat epilepsy. Despite the potential of marine natural products (MNPs), the EU marine biodiscovery consortium PharmaSea has made the only effort to date to perform ASD discovery based on large-scale screening of MNPs. To this end, the embryonic zebrafish photomotor response assay and the larval zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model were used to screen MNP extracts for neuroactivity and antiseizure activity, respectively. Here we report the identification of the two known isoquinoline alkaloids TMC-120A and TMC-120B as novel antiseizure compounds, which were isolated by bioactivity-guided purification from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus insuetus. TMC-120A and TMC-120B were observed to significantly lower PTZ-induced seizures and epileptiform brain activity in the larval zebrafish PTZ seizure model. In addition, their structural analogues TMC-120C, penicisochroman G, and ustusorane B were isolated and also significantly lowered PTZ-induced seizures. Finally, TMC-120A and TMC-120B were investigated in a mouse model of drug-resistant focal seizures. Compound treatment significantly shortened the seizure duration, thereby confirming their antiseizure activity. These data underscore the possibility to translate findings in zebrafish to mice in the field of epilepsy and the potential of the marine environment for ASD discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle Copmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (M.Ś.); (N.D.); (M.P.); (C.V.E.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Sara Kildgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Silas A. Rasmussen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Monika Ślęzak
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (M.Ś.); (N.D.); (M.P.); (C.V.E.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Nina Dirkx
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (M.Ś.); (N.D.); (M.P.); (C.V.E.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Michèle Partoens
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (M.Ś.); (N.D.); (M.P.); (C.V.E.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Camila V. Esguerra
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (M.Ś.); (N.D.); (M.P.); (C.V.E.); (A.D.C.)
- Current affiliation: Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander D. Crawford
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (M.Ś.); (N.D.); (M.P.); (C.V.E.); (A.D.C.)
- Current affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas O. Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (S.K.); (S.A.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.L.); (P.A.M.-d.W.); Tel.: +45-4525-2632 (T.O.L.); +32-16-32-34-32 (P.A.M.-d.W.)
| | - Peter A. M. de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.C.); (M.Ś.); (N.D.); (M.P.); (C.V.E.); (A.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.L.); (P.A.M.-d.W.); Tel.: +45-4525-2632 (T.O.L.); +32-16-32-34-32 (P.A.M.-d.W.)
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Induction of pigment production through media composition, abiotic and biotic factors in two filamentous fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 21:e00308. [PMID: 30788221 PMCID: PMC6369258 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pigment production and accumulation is dependent of high C:N ratios in F. oxysporum and A. chevaleri. Red pigment content of F. oxysporum in terms of Absorbance units per gram of biomass increased in 191% through use of blue light. Different light wavelengths stimulate synthesis of additional pigments in A. chevalieri with highest accumulation in red and UV-light. Stimulation of pigment production in co-culture is species – specific, being only accomplished in A. chevalieri. With a rise higher that 500% of a pigment obtained in green light.
In addition to plant-derived, fungal pigments have become an alternative in respect to synthetic ones. Besides Monascus sp., several pigment-producing fungi do not have culture conditions well-established yet. In this research, media composition, light wavelength and co-culture were evaluated, results were reported in Absorbance Units per gram of biomass (AU/Bgr). For Fusarium oxysporum a C:N ratio above 7 was advantageous, using both complex and defined media; blue LED light increased the AU/Bgr value from 18013 to 344; co-culture did not enhance pigment production. In Aspergillus chevalieri a high C:N ratio with glucose as carbon source was ideal. When exposing cultures to light, UV and red light gave the highest pigmentation; moreover, differential UV-VIS spectra in all wavelengths suggested production of additional pigments. Particularly a pigment observed when cultured in green light was also found in co-culture with yeast and there was an improvement of AU/Bgr value of 52549%. This is the first report regarding light effect and co-culture for these fungi, as well as C:N ratio for A. chevalieri.
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25
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Asperflavin, an Anti-Inflammatory Compound Produced by a Marine-Derived Fungus, Eurotium amstelodami. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111823. [PMID: 29109367 PMCID: PMC6150366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 16 marine-derived fungi were isolated from four types of marine materials including float, algae, animals and drift woods along with the coast of Jeju Island, Korea and evaluated for anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 24.7 cells. The broth and mycelium extracts from the 16 fungi were prepared and the broth extract (BE) of Eurotium amstelodami (015-2) inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. By further bioassay-guided isolation, three compounds including asperflavin, neoechinulin A and preechinulin were successfully isolated from the BE of E. amstelodami. It was revealed that asperflavin showed no cytotoxicity up to 200 μM and significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner. In the western blot results, asperflavin suppressed only inducible NOS (iNOS), but COX-2 were slightly down-regulated. Asperflavin was also observed to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In conclusion, this study reports a potential use of asperflavin isolated from a marine fungus, E. amstelodami as an anti-inflammatory agent via suppression of iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as no cytotoxicity.
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26
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Abstract
Xerophilic fungi, especially Aspergillus species, are prevalent in the built environment. In this study, we employed a combined culture-independent (454-pyrosequencing) and culture-dependent (dilution-to-extinction) approach to investigate the mycobiota of indoor dust collected from 93 buildings in 12 countries worldwide. High and low water activity (aw) media were used to capture mesophile and xerophile biodiversity, resulting in the isolation of approximately 9 000 strains. Among these, 340 strains representing seven putative species in Aspergillus subgenus Polypaecilum were isolated, mostly from lowered aw media, and tentatively identified based on colony morphology and internal transcribed spacer rDNA region (ITS) barcodes. Further morphological study and phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS, β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1), and a pre-mRNA processing protein homolog (TSR1) confirmed the isolation of seven species of subgenus Polypaecilum, including five novel species: A. baarnensis, A. keratitidis, A. kalimae sp. nov., A. noonimiae sp. nov., A. thailandensis sp. nov., A. waynelawii sp. nov., and A. whitfieldii sp. nov. Pyrosequencing detected six of the seven species isolated from house dust, as well as one additional species absent from the cultures isolated, and three clades representing potentially undescribed species. Species were typically found in house dust from subtropical and tropical climates, often in close proximity to the ocean or sea. The presence of subgenus Polypaecilum, a recently described clade of xerophilic/xerotolerant, halotolerant/halophilic, and potentially zoopathogenic species, within the built environment is noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.B. Tanney
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Health and Protection, P/BagX134, Queenswood, 0121 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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27
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Li Q, Huang J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Chen Y, Lin H, Wang K, Liu Z. Fungal community succession and major components change during manufacturing process of Fu brick tea. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6947. [PMID: 28761046 PMCID: PMC5537287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fu brick tea is a unique post-fermented tea product which is fermented with microorganism during the manufacturing process. Metabolic analysis showed that most metabolites content were decreased during the manufacturing process of Fu brick tea, except GA (gallic acid). Illumina MiSeq sequencing of ITS gene amplicons was applied to analyze the fungal community succession. The genera Aspergillus, Cyberlindnera and Candida were predominant at the early stage of manufacturing process (from "primary dark tea" to "fermentation for 3 days"), but after the stage of "fermentation for 3 days" only Aspergillus was still dominated, and maintain a relatively constant until to the end of manufacturing process. The effects of metabolites on the structure of the fungal community were analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partitioning analysis (VPA). The results indicated that GCG (gallocatechin gallate), EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) and GA as well as the interactions among them were the most probably ones to influence, or be influenced by the fungal communities during the fermentation process of Fu brick tea. This study revealed fungal succession, metabolite changes and their relationships, provided new insights into the mechanisms for manufacturing process of Fu brick tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yongdi Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 3100058, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R. China.
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28
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Abstract
Mushrooms are known to produce over 140 natural products bearing an indole heterocycle. In this review, the isolation of these mushroom-derived indole alkaloids is discussed, along with their associated biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Homer
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Sperry
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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29
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Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food. Stud Mycol 2017; 88:37-135. [PMID: 28860671 PMCID: PMC5573881 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly the genus Eurotium) includes xerophilic species with uniseriate conidiophores, globose to subglobose vesicles, green conidia and yellow, thin walled eurotium-like ascomata with hyaline, lenticular ascospores. In the present study, a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of this section. Over 500 strains from various culture collections and new isolates obtained from indoor environments and a wide range of substrates all over the world were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing. Of these, 163 isolates were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS rDNA, partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. Colony characteristics were documented on eight cultivation media, growth parameters at three incubation temperatures were recorded and micromorphology was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy to illustrate and characterize each species. Many specific extrolites were extracted and identified from cultures, including echinulins, epiheveadrides, auroglaucins and anthraquinone bisanthrons, and to be consistent in strains of nearly all species. Other extrolites are species-specific, and thus valuable for identification. Several extrolites show antioxidant effects, which may be nutritionally beneficial in food and beverages. Important mycotoxins in the strict sense, such as sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin were not detected despite previous reports on their production in this section. Adopting a polyphasic approach, 31 species are recognized, including nine new species. ITS is highly conserved in this section and does not distinguish species. All species can be differentiated using CaM or RPB2 sequences. For BenA, Aspergillus brunneus and A. niveoglaucus share identical sequences. Ascospores and conidia morphology, growth rates at different temperatures are most useful characters for phenotypic species identification.
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Key Words
- A. aurantiacoflavus Hubka, A.J. Chen, Jurjević & Samson
- A. caperatus A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. endophyticus Hubka, A.J. Chen, & Samson
- A. levisporus Hubka, A.J. Chen, Jurjević & Samson
- A. porosus A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. tamarindosoli A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. teporis A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. zutongqii A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascomycota
- Aspergillaceae
- Aspergillus aerius A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- Aspergillus proliferans
- Eurotiales
- Eurotium amstelodami
- Extrolites
- Multi-gene phylogeny
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30
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION fungi produce substances that contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) which bind to pattern recognition receptors, stimulating innate immune responses in humans. they also produce allergens that induce production of specific ige. Areas covered: In this review we cover both innate and adaptive immune responses to fungi. Some fungal products can activate both innate and adaptive responses and in doing so, cause an intense and complex health effects. Methods of testing for fungal allergy and evidence for clinical treatment including environmental control are also discussed. In addition, we describe controversial issues including the role of Stachybotrys and mycotoxins in adverse health effects. Expert commentary: Concerns about long-term exposure to fungi have led some patients, attorneys and fungus advocates to promote fears about a condition that has been termed toxic mold syndrome. This syndrome is associated with vague symptoms and is believed to be due to exposure to mycotoxins, though this connection has not been proven. Ultimately, more precise methods are needed to measure both fungal exposure and the resulting health effects. Once that such methods become available, much of the speculation will be replaced by knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rudert
- a Division of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology , Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics , Kansas City , MO , USA
| | - Jay Portnoy
- a Division of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology , Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics , Kansas City , MO , USA
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31
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Kozlovskii AG, Antipova TV, Zhelifonova VP, Baskunov BP, Ivanushkina NE, Kochkina GA, Ozerskaya SM. Secondary metabolites of fungi of the Usti section, genus Aspergillus and their application in chemosystematics. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261717020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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32
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Perl T, Kis-Papo T, Nevo E. Fungal biodiversity in the hypersaline Dead Sea: extinction and evolution. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Renaud JB, Sumarah MW, Hubka V, Frisvad JC, Chen AJ, Meijer M, Seifert KA. A survey of xerophilic Aspergillus from indoor environment, including descriptions of two new section Aspergillus species producing eurotium-like sexual states. MycoKeys 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.19.11161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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34
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Gallego S, Lorenzo P, Alvarez R, de Lera AR. Total synthesis of naturally occurring (+)-psychotriasine and the related tetrahydro-β-carboline, dimeric tryptamines with NC connectivities. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Sasaki-Hamada S, Hoshi M, Niwa Y, Ueda Y, Kokaji A, Kamisuki S, Kuramochi K, Sugawara F, Oka JI. Neoechinulin A induced memory improvements and antidepressant-like effects in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:155-61. [PMID: 27495355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neoechinulin A is an isoprenyl indole alkaloid that exhibits scavenging, neurotrophic factor-like, and anti-apoptotic activities. However, the effectiveness of neoechinulin A in animal models of disease has not yet been explored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of neoechinulin A on memory impairment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice and its antidepressant-like effects in mice. In the Y-maze test, the intracerebroventicular (i.c.v.) administration of LPS (10μg/mouse) significantly decreased spontaneous alternation behavior, which was prevented by the prior administration of neoechinulin A (300ng/mouse, i.c.v.). None of the treatments altered the locomotor activity of mice. Moreover, the administration of neoechinulin A decreased the immobility time in the forced-swim test or tail suspension test, which was prevented by the prior administration of WAY100635 (an antagonist of 5-HT1A receptors) and parachlorophenylalanine (an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase). These results suggest that neoechinulin A improves memory functions in LPS-treated mice, and also exerts antidepressant-like effects through changes in the 5-HT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Sasaki-Hamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Maho Hoshi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Niwa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yudai Ueda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Aya Kokaji
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Oka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Molecular screening of xerophilic Aspergillus strains producing mycophenolic acid. Fungal Biol 2016; 121:103-111. [PMID: 28089042 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the fungal secondary metabolite displaying several biological properties. Up to now, screening of fungal strains producing MPA has mainly been the result of the search of this molecule in their culture medium by chemical methods. Here we developed a molecular approach by targeting the expression level of the MpaC gene encoding the polyketide synthase, one of the key enzymes involved in the MPA synthesis. Thirty xerophilic Aspergillus strains were identified using the RNA polymerase II subunit and the β-tubulin genes. Seven Aspergillus species were evidenced. The expression level of the MpaC gene was quantified and compared to the MPA production rate. Only Aspergillus pseudoglaucus and all the eight strains of this species produced MPA. While the MpaC gene was not expressed or weakly expressed in the MPA non-producing strains, all the A. pseudoglaucus strains presented a high level of expression of this gene. The highest expression level of the MpaC gene among the MPA non-producing strains was significantly lower than the lowest expression level of this gene in the MPA producing strains. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the effectiveness of molecular approach for the screening of MPA-producing species.
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Ma YM, Liang XA, Kong Y, Jia B. Structural Diversity and Biological Activities of Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6659-6671. [PMID: 27538469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Indole diketopiperazine alkaloids are secondary metabolites of microorganisms that are widely distributed in filamentous fungi, especially in the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium of the phylum Ascomycota or sac fungi. These alkaloids represent a group of natural products characterized by diversity in both chemical structures and biological activities. This review aims to summarize 166 indole diketopiperazine alkaloids from fungi published from 1944 to mid-2015. The emphasis is on diverse chemical structures within these alkaloids and their relevant biological activities. The aim is to assess which of these compounds merit further study for purposes of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Min Ma
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi-Ai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China
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Kocsubé S, Perrone G, Magistà D, Houbraken J, Varga J, Szigeti G, Hubka V, Hong SB, Frisvad J, Samson R. Aspergillus is monophyletic: Evidence from multiple gene phylogenies and extrolites profiles. Stud Mycol 2016; 85:199-213. [PMID: 28082760 PMCID: PMC5220211 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus is one of the economically most important fungal genera. Recently, the ICN adopted the single name nomenclature which has forced mycologists to choose one name for fungi (e.g. Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, etc.). Previously two proposals for the single name nomenclature in Aspergillus were presented: one attributes the name "Aspergillus" to clades comprising seven different teleomorphic names, by supporting the monophyly of this genus; the other proposes that Aspergillus is a non-monophyletic genus, by preserving the Aspergillus name only to species belonging to subgenus Circumdati and maintaining the sexual names in the other clades. The aim of our study was to test the monophyly of Aspergilli by two independent phylogenetic analyses using a multilocus phylogenetic approach. One test was run on the publicly available coding regions of six genes (RPB1, RPB2, Tsr1, Cct8, BenA, CaM), using 96 species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and related taxa. Bayesian (MrBayes) and Ultrafast Maximum Likelihood (IQ-Tree) and Rapid Maximum Likelihood (RaxML) analyses gave the same conclusion highly supporting the monophyly of Aspergillus. The other analyses were also performed by using publicly available data of the coding sequences of nine loci (18S rRNA, 5,8S rRNA, 28S rRNA (D1-D2), RPB1, RPB2, CaM, BenA, Tsr1, Cct8) of 204 different species. Both Bayesian (MrBayes) and Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) trees obtained by this second round of independent analyses strongly supported the monophyly of the genus Aspergillus. The stability test also confirmed the robustness of the results obtained. In conclusion, statistical analyses have rejected the hypothesis that the Aspergilli are non-monophyletic, and provided robust arguments that the genus is monophyletic and clearly separated from the monophyletic genus Penicillium. There is no phylogenetic evidence to split Aspergillus into several genera and the name Aspergillus can be used for all the species belonging to Aspergillus i.e. the clade comprising the subgenera Aspergillus, Circumdati, Fumigati, Nidulantes, section Cremei and certain species which were formerly part of the genera Phialosimplex and Polypaecilum. Section Cremei and the clade containing Polypaecilum and Phialosimplex are proposed as new subgenera of Aspergillus. The phylogenetic analysis also clearly shows that Aspergillus clavatoflavus and A. zonatus do not belong to the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus clavatoflavus is therefore transferred to a new genus Aspergillago as Aspergillago clavatoflavus and A. zonatus was transferred to Penicilliopsis as P. zonata. The subgenera of Aspergillus share similar extrolite profiles indicating that the genus is one large genus from a chemotaxonomical point of view. Morphological and ecophysiological characteristics of the species also strongly indicate that Aspergillus is a polythetic class in phenotypic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kocsubé
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Perrone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - D. Magistà
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - J. Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Varga
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G. Szigeti
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S.-B. Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R.A. Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Micheluz A, Sulyok M, Manente S, Krska R, Varese G, Ravagnan G. Fungal secondary metabolite analysis applied to Cultural Heritage: the case of a contaminated library in Venice. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The secondary metabolite production of several fungal strains of Aspergillus creber, Aspergillus jensenii, Aspergillus penicillioides, Aspergillus protuberus, Aspergillus vitricola, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Eurotium chevalieri, Eurotium halophilicum, Penicillium brevicompactum and Penicillium chrysogenum were characterised by liquid chromatography tamdem mass spectometry. All fungi were isolated from both air and book covers as well as from settled dust from a contaminated library in Venice (Italy). For A. creber and A. jensenii, we identified sterigmatocystin, methoxysterigmatocystin, versicolorin A and related precursors/side metabolites from the biosynthetic pathways. Deoxybrevianamid E, neoechinulin A, pseurotin A and D, and rugulusovin were principally detected from the strains of E. halophilicum, an emerging fungal species implicated in book contaminations in specific indoor niches. The analysis of settled dust showed a wide range of toxic or bioactive fungal metabolites. Forty-five different metabolites were identified in different concentrations; in particular, high amounts of asperglaucide, alamethicin, andrastin A, terrecyclic acid and neoechinulin A were detected. Also one bacterial metabolite, chloramphenicole was detected. This study increases the knowledge about metabolite production of several fungal species, as well as on the indoor presence of fungi that are not detected by aerobiological sampling. These results emphasise how routine dusting operations are necessary and essential in order to prevent further microbiological developments in library environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Micheluz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistic, Ca’ Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - M. Sulyok
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - S. Manente
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - R. Krska
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - G.C. Varese
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - G. Ravagnan
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University, Via Torino 155, 30170 Mestre (VE), Italy
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Fromme H, Gareis M, Völkel W, Gottschalk C. Overall internal exposure to mycotoxins and their occurrence in occupational and residential settings – An overview. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:143-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cochrane RVK, Sanichar R, Lambkin GR, Reiz B, Xu W, Tang Y, Vederas JC. Production of New Cladosporin Analogues by Reconstitution of the Polyketide Synthases Responsible for the Biosynthesis of this Antimalarial Agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:664-8. [PMID: 26783060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The antimalarial agent cladosporin is a nanomolar inhibitor of the Plasmodium falciparum lysyl-tRNA synthetase, and exhibits activity against both blood- and liver-stage infection. Cladosporin can be isolated from the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides, where it is biosynthesized by a highly reducing (HR) and a non-reducing (NR) iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKS) pair. Genome sequencing of the host organism and subsequent heterologous expression of these enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced cladosporin, confirming the identity of the putative gene cluster. Incorporation of a pentaketide intermediate analogue indicated a 5+3 assembly by the HR PKS Cla2 and the NR PKS Cla3 during cladosporin biosynthesis. Advanced-intermediate analogues were synthesized and incorporated by Cla3 to furnish new cladosporin analogues. A putative lysyl-tRNA synthetase resistance gene was identified in the cladosporin gene cluster. Analysis of the active site emphasizes key structural features thought to be important in resistance to cladosporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V K Cochrane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 (Canada)
| | - Randy Sanichar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 (Canada)
| | - Gareth R Lambkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 (Canada)
| | - Béla Reiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 (Canada)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (USA)
| | - John C Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 (Canada).
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42
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Cochrane RVK, Sanichar R, Lambkin GR, Reiz B, Xu W, Tang Y, Vederas JC. Production of New Cladosporin Analogues by Reconstitution of the Polyketide Synthases Responsible for the Biosynthesis of this Antimalarial Agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Šegvić Klarić M, Jakšić Despot D, Kopjar N, Rašić D, Kocsubé S, Varga J, Peraica M. Cytotoxic and genotoxic potencies of single and combined spore extracts of airborne OTA-producing and OTA-non-producing Aspergilli in Human lung A549 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:206-214. [PMID: 26086577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus sclerotiorum (AS) is a well-known producer of ochratoxin A (OTA) while Aspergillus pseudoglaucus (AP) produces a wide range of extrolites with poorly investigated toxicity. These species are frequently co-occur in grain mill aeromycota. The aim of this study was to determine OTA levels in spore extracts using HPLC and immunoaffinity columns, and to examine the cytotoxicity of pure OTA, OTA-positive (AS-OTA(+)) and OTA-negative (AS-OTA(-)) spore extracts, as well as of AP spore extract, on human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549, individually and in combination, using a colorimetric MTT test (540nm). To establish which type of cell death predominated after treatments, a quantitative fluorescent assay with ethidium bromide and acridine orange was used, and the level of primary DNA damage in A549 cells was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay. OTA was detected in spore extracts (0.3-28µg/mL) of 3/6 of the AS strains, while none of the tested AP strains were able to produce OTA. Taking into account the maximum detected concentration of OTA in the spores, the daily intake of OTA by inhalation was calculated to be 1ng/kg body weight (b.w.), which is below the tolerable daily intake for OTA (17ng/kg b.w.). Using the MTT test, the following IC50 values were obtained: single OTA (53μg/mL); AS-OTA(+) (mass concentration 934μg/mL corresponds to 10.5μg/mL of OTA in spore extract); and 2126μg/mL for AP. The highest applied concentration of AS-OTA(-) spore extract (4940μg/mL) decreased cell viability by 30% and IC50 for the extract could not be determined. Single OTA and AS-OTA(+) and combinations (AP+AS-OTA(+) and AP+AS-OTA(-)) in subtoxic concentrations provoked significant primary DNA damage, apoptosis, and to a lesser extent, necrosis in A549 cells. Mixture of AP+AS-OTA(+) and AP+AS-OTA(-) in subtoxic concentrations showed dominant additive interactions. Despite the low calculated daily intake of OTA by inhalation, our results suggest that chronic exposure to high levels of OTA-producing airborne fungi in combination with other more or less toxic moulds pose a significant threat to human health due to their possible additive and/or synergistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Daniela Jakšić Despot
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute of Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maja Peraica
- Toxicology Unit, Institute of Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Greco M, Kemppainen M, Pose G, Pardo A. Taxonomic Characterization and Secondary Metabolite Profiling of Aspergillus Section Aspergillus Contaminating Feeds and Feedstuffs. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:3512-37. [PMID: 26364643 PMCID: PMC4591650 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7093512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerophilic fungal species of the genus Aspergillus are economically highly relevant due to their ability to grow on low water activity substrates causing spoilage of stored goods and animal feeds. These fungi can synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites, many of which show animal toxicity, creating a health risk for food production animals and to humans as final consumers, respectively. Animal feeds used for rabbit, chinchilla and rainbow trout production in Argentina were analysed for the presence of xerophilic Aspergillus section Aspergillus species. High isolation frequencies (>60%) were detected in all the studied rabbit and chinchilla feeds, while the rainbow trout feeds showed lower fungal charge (25%). These section Aspergillus contaminations comprised predominantly five taxa. Twenty isolates were subjected to taxonomic characterization using both ascospore SEM micromorphology and two independent DNA loci sequencing. The secondary metabolite profiles of the isolates were determined qualitatively by HPLC-MS. All the isolates produced neoechinulin A, 17 isolates were positive for cladosporin and echinulin, and 18 were positive for neoechinulin B. Physcion and preechinulin were detected in a minor proportion of the isolates. This is the first report describing the detailed species composition and the secondary metabolite profiles of Aspergillus section Aspergillus contaminating animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Greco
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal 1876, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina.
| | - Minna Kemppainen
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal 1876, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina.
| | - Graciela Pose
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina.
- Escuela de Producción, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Villa Regina 8336, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Pardo
- Laboratorio de Micología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal 1876, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1033, Argentina.
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45
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Frisvad JC, Larsen TO. Chemodiversity in the genus Aspergillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7859-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Figueroa L, Jiménez C, Rodríguez J, Areche C, Chávez R, Henríquez M, de la Cruz M, Díaz C, Segade Y, Vaca I. 3-Nitroasterric Acid Derivatives from an Antarctic Sponge-Derived Pseudogymnoascus sp. Fungus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:919-923. [PMID: 25732560 DOI: 10.1021/np500906k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Four new nitroasterric acid derivatives, pseudogymnoascins A-C (1-3) and 3-nitroasterric acid (4), along with the two known compounds questin and pyriculamide, were obtained from the cultures of a Pseudogymnoascus sp. fungus isolated from an Antarctic marine sponge belonging to the genus Hymeniacidon. The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive NMR and MS analyses. These compounds are the first nitro derivatives of the known fungal metabolite asterric acid. Several asterric acid derivatives isolated from other fungal strains have shown antibacterial and antifungal activities. However, the new compounds described in this work were inactive against a panel of bacteria and fungi (MIC > 64 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Figueroa
- †Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- ‡Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- ‡Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Areche
- †Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Chávez
- §Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marlene Henríquez
- †Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes de la Cruz
- ⊥Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz
- ⊥Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avenida del Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Yuri Segade
- ‡Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- †Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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Frisvad JC. Taxonomy, chemodiversity, and chemoconsistency of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces species. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:773. [PMID: 25628613 PMCID: PMC4290622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces are among the most chemically inventive of all fungi, producing a wide array of secondary metabolites (exometabolites). The three genera are holophyletic in a cladistic sense and polythetic classes in an anagenetic or functional sense, and contain 344, 354, and 88 species, respectively. New developments in classification, cladification, and nomenclature have meant that the species, series, and sections suggested are natural groups that share many extrolites, including exometabolites, exoproteins, exocarbohydrates, and exolipids in addition to morphological features. The number of exometabolites reported from these species is very large, and genome sequencing projects have shown that a large number of additional exometabolites may be expressed, given the right conditions (“cryptic” gene clusters for exometabolites). The exometabolites are biosynthesized via shikimic acid, tricarboxylic acid cycle members, nucleotides, carbohydrates or as polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenes, or mixtures of those. The gene clusters coding for these compounds contain genes for the biosynthetic building blocks, the linking of these building blocks, tailoring enzymes, resistance for own products, and exporters. Species within a series or section in Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces have many exometabolites in common, seemingly acquired by cladogenesis, but some the gene clusters for autapomorphic exometabolites may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Despite genome sequencing efforts, and the many breakthroughs these will give, it is obvious that epigenetic factors play a large role in evolution and function of chemodiversity, and better methods for characterizing the epigenome are needed. Most of the individual species of the three genera produce a consistent and characteristic profile of exometabolites, but growth medium variations, stimulation by exometabolites from other species, and variations in abiotic intrinsic and extrinsic environmental factors such as pH, temperature, redox potential, and water activity will add significantly to the number of biosynthetic families expressed in anyone species. An example of the shared exometabolites in a natural group such as Aspergillus section Circumdati series Circumdati is that most, but not all species produce penicillic acids, aspyrones, neoaspergillic acids, xanthomegnins, melleins, aspergamides, circumdatins, and ochratoxins, in different combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Frisvad
- Section of Eukaryotic Biotechnology, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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48
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Fungal secondary metabolites as harmful indoor air contaminants: 10 years on. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9953-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Leong SLL, Lantz H, Pettersson OV, Frisvad JC, Thrane U, Heipieper HJ, Dijksterhuis J, Grabherr M, Pettersson M, Tellgren-Roth C, Schnürer J. Genome and physiology of the ascomycete filamentous fungus Xeromyces bisporus, the most xerophilic organism isolated to date. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:496-513. [PMID: 25142400 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Xeromyces bisporus can grow on sugary substrates down to 0.61, an extremely low water activity. Its genome size is approximately 22 Mb. Gene clusters encoding for secondary metabolites were conspicuously absent; secondary metabolites were not detected experimentally. Thus, in its 'dry' but nutrient-rich environment, X. bisporus appears to have relinquished abilities for combative interactions. Elements to sense/signal osmotic stress, e.g. HogA pathway, were present in X. bisporus. However, transcriptomes at optimal (∼ 0.89) versus low aw (0.68) revealed differential expression of only a few stress-related genes; among these, certain (not all) steps for glycerol synthesis were upregulated. Xeromyces bisporus increased glycerol production during hypo- and hyper-osmotic stress, and much of its wet weight comprised water and rinsable solutes; leaked solutes may form a protective slime. Xeromyces bisporus and other food-borne moulds increased membrane fatty acid saturation as water activity decreased. Such modifications did not appear to be transcriptionally regulated in X. bisporus; however, genes modulating sterols, phospholipids and the cell wall were differentially expressed. Xeromyces bisporus was previously proposed to be a 'chaophile', preferring solutes that disorder biomolecular structures. Both X. bisporus and the closely related xerophile, Xerochrysium xerophilum, with low membrane unsaturation indices, could represent a phylogenetic cluster of 'chaophiles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lin L Leong
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Du FY, Li XM, Song JY, Li CS, Wang BG. Anthraquinone Derivatives and an Orsellinic Acid Ester from the Marine Alga-Derived Endophytic FungusEurotium cristatumEN-220. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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