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Wu J, Yuan T, Fu D, Xu R, Zhang W, Li S, Ding J, Feng L, Xia Y, Wang J, Li W, Han Y. An experimental model for primary neuropathic corneal pain induced by long ciliary nerve ligation in rats. Pain 2024; 165:1391-1403. [PMID: 38227559 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) is a new and ill-defined disease characterized by pain, discomfort, aching, burning sensation, irritation, dryness, and grittiness. However, the mechanism underlying NCP remain unclear. Here, we reported a novel rat model of primary NCP induced by long ciliary nerve (LCN) ligation. After sustained LCN ligation, the rats developed increased corneal mechanical and chemical sensitivity, spontaneous blinking, and photophobia, which were ameliorated by intraperitoneal injection of morphine or gabapentin. However, neither tear reduction nor corneal injury was observed in LCN-ligated rats. Furthermore, after LCN ligation, the rats displayed a significant reduction in corneal nerve density, as well as increased tortuosity and beading nerve ending. Long ciliary nerve ligation also notably elevated corneal responsiveness under resting or menthol-stimulated conditions. At a cellular level, we observed that LCN ligation increased calcitonin gene-related peptide (neuropeptide)-positive cells in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). At a molecular level, upregulated mRNA levels of ion channels Piezo2, TRPM8, and TRPV1, as well as inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were also detected in the TG after LCN ligation. Meanwhile, consecutive oral gabapentin attenuated LCN ligation-induced corneal hyperalgesia and increased levels of ion channels and inflammation factors in TG. This study provides a reliable primary NCP model induced by LCN ligation in rats using a simple, minimally invasive surgery technique, which may help shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular bases of NCP and aid in developing a new treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjie Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijiang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
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Huang R, Su C, Zhang N, Shi C, Pu G, Ding Y, Wei W, Chen J. Cord blood-derived biologics lead to robust axonal regeneration in benzalkonium chloride-injured mouse corneas by modulating the Il-17 pathway and neuropeptide Y. Mol Med 2024; 30:2. [PMID: 38172658 PMCID: PMC10763178 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord blood-derived therapeutics, such as serum (UCS) and platelet-rich plasma (UCPRP), are popular treatment options in clinical trials and can potentially be utilized to address a clinically unmet need caused by preservatives, specifically benzalkonium chloride (BAK), present in ophthalmic formulations. As current clinical interventions for secondary injuries caused by BAK are suboptimal, this study will explore the feasibility of utilizing UCS and UCPRP for cornea treatment and investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with this approach. METHODS Mice's corneas were administered BAK to induce damage. UCS and UCPRP were then utilized to attempt to treat the injuries. Ocular tests were performed on the animals to evaluate recovery, while immunostaining, RNA-seq, and subsequent bioinformatics analysis were conducted to investigate the treatment mechanism. RESULTS BAK administration led to widespread inflammatory responses in the cornea. Subsequent treatment with UCS and UCPRP led to the downregulation of immune-related 'interactions between cytokine receptors' and 'IL-17 signaling' pathways. Although axonal enhancers such as Ngf, Rac2, Robo2, Srgap1, and Rock2 were found to be present in the injured group, robust axonal regeneration was observed only in the UCS and UCPRP treatment groups. Further analysis revealed that, as compared to normal corneas, inflammation was not restored to pre-injury levels post-treatment. Importantly, Neuropeptide Y (Npy) was also involved in regulating immune responses, indicating neuroimmune axis interactions. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood-derived therapeutics are feasible options for overcoming the sustained injuries induced by BAK in the cornea. They also have potential applications in areas where axonal regeneration is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Caiying Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Congying Shi
- Institution of Guangdong Cord Blood Bank, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 510705, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Experimental Center, Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510705, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangming Pu
- Jinan University Affiliated Heyuan Hospital, Guangzhou, 517000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institution of Guangdong Cord Blood Bank, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 510705, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of Experimental Center, Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510705, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
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Asiedu K. Neurophysiology of corneal neuropathic pain and emerging pharmacotherapeutics. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25285. [PMID: 38284865 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The altered activity generated by corneal neuronal injury can result in morphological and physiological changes in the architecture of synaptic connections in the nervous system. These changes can alter the sensitivity of neurons (both second-order and higher-order projection) projecting pain signals. A complex process involving different cell types, molecules, nerves, dendritic cells, neurokines, neuropeptides, and axon guidance molecules causes a high level of sensory rearrangement, which is germane to all the phases in the pathomechanism of corneal neuropathic pain. Immune cells migrating to the region of nerve injury assist in pain generation by secreting neurokines that ensure nerve depolarization. Furthermore, excitability in the central pain pathway is perpetuated by local activation of microglia in the trigeminal ganglion and alterations of the descending inhibitory modulation for corneal pain arriving from central nervous system. Corneal neuropathic pain may be facilitated by dysfunctional structures in the central somatosensory nervous system due to a lesion, altered synaptogenesis, or genetic abnormality. Understanding these important pathways will provide novel therapeutic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bonneau N, Potey A, Vitoux MA, Magny R, Guerin C, Baudouin C, Peyrin JM, Brignole-Baudouin F, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Corneal neuroepithelial compartmentalized microfluidic chip model for evaluation of toxicity-induced dry eye. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:307-319. [PMID: 37984561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Part of the lacrimal functional unit, the cornea protects the ocular surface from numerous environmental aggressions and xenobiotics. Toxicological evaluation of compounds remains a challenge due to complex interactions between corneal nerve endings and epithelial cells. To this day, models do not integrate the physiological specificity of corneal nerve endings and are insufficient for the detection of low toxic effects essential to anticipate Toxicity-Induced Dry Eye (TIDE). Using high-content imaging tool, we here characterize toxicity-induced cellular alterations using primary cultures of mouse trigeminal sensory neurons and corneal epithelial cells in a compartmentalized microfluidic chip. We validate this model through the analysis of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) toxicity, a well-known preservative in eyedrops, after a single (6h) or repeated (twice a day for 15 min over 5 days) topical 5.10-4% BAC applications on the corneal epithelial cells and nerve terminals. In combination with high-content image analysis, this advanced microfluidic protocol reveal specific and tiny changes in the epithelial cells and axonal network as well as in trigeminal cells, not directly exposed to BAC, with ATF3/6 stress markers and phospho-p44/42 cell activation marker. Altogether, this corneal neuroepithelial chip enables the evaluation of toxic effects of ocular xenobiotics, distinguishing the impact on corneal sensory innervation and epithelial cells. The combination of compartmentalized co-culture/high-content imaging/multiparameter analysis opens the way for the systematic analysis of toxicants but also neuroprotective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Bonneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; HORUS PHARMA, F-06200 Nice, France
| | - Anaïs Potey
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Michael-Adrien Vitoux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Romain Magny
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Chimie Toxicologie Analytique et Cellulaire, Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Michel Peyrin
- Neurosciences Paris Seine, UMR8246, Inserm U1130, IBPS, UPMC, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSIGHT, 28 rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSIGHT, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
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Bonelli F, Demirsoy I, Lasagni Vitar RM, Fonteyne P, Ferrari G. Topical formulations of Aprepitant are safe and effective in relieving pain and inflammation, and drive neural regeneration. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:92-103. [PMID: 37690516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test long-term ocular toxicity and analgesic/anti-inflammatory efficacy of two novel ocular formulations of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) antagonist Aprepitant. METHODS for toxicity studies, two Aprepitant formulations (X and Y) were tested on C57BL/6 N mice. Gold standards were 0.4% Oxybuprocaine, 0.1% Diclofenac, or saline. For efficacy studies, C57BL/6 N mice underwent corneal alkali burn, and then received Aprepitant formulation X, Dexamethasone or saline. Eye-drops were applied 3 times/day for 90 days (toxicity) and 14 days (efficacy). Stromal opacity, corneal epithelial damage, nociception and sensitivity were assessed in vivo. The eye-wiping test and corneal sensitivity were assessed to evaluate analgesic efficacy and nerve function. At the end of the experiments mice were euthanized, and corneas were dissected for immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analyses. RESULTS In normal mice, formulation X was not toxic when topically administered for 90 days. Formulation Y was associated with increased leukocyte infiltration in the cornea (p < 0.001). X1 and X2 formulations significantly reduced corneal pain, as Diclofenac and Oxybuprocaine, but did not reduce corneal sensitivity. Formulation Y, instead, was not analgesic at any time point. In the alkali burn model, X1 and X2 formulation enhanced epithelial damage recovery, and reduced inflammation both at day 7 and 14. Moreover, formulation X showed a stronger analgesic effect when compared to the saline and Dexamethasone groups (p < 0.01). Finally, formulation X1 and X2 restored corneal sensitivity by promoting corneal nerve regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Aprepitant X formulation is a promising candidate for the treatment of pain associated with inflammation of the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Bonelli
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, Venice, Italy
| | - Ibrahim Demirsoy
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Fonteyne
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Graca M, Sarantopoulos K, Horn DB. Chemical toxic exposures and chronic ocular pain. Front Toxicol 2023; 5:1188152. [PMID: 37637478 PMCID: PMC10448520 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1188152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic ocular pain is a common, debilitating chronic pain condition with significant morbidity and negative impact in patients' quality of life. Several, diverse types of insults to the ocular surface can lead to acute, and under certain conditions to chronic ocular pain, and these include toxic irritants. Exposure of ocular surface to toxic irritants, in addition to direct tissue injury, carries the capacity to generated intense immune and neuronal responses with hyper-excitability, sensitization and chronic pain. Because, chronic ocular pain subsequent to toxic exposures is relatively unrecognized clinical entity, this brief review highlights pertinent concepts of its epidemiology, pathogenesis/pathophysiology, clinical progression, with recommendations for its clinical management that clinicians may find helpful. Suppression of pain signaling, generating neuronal sensitization, and prevention of chronicity of neuropathic pain is particularly emphasized in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Graca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Konstantinos Sarantopoulos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Danielle Bodzin Horn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Mateo-Orobia AJ, Del Prado Sanz E, Blasco-Martínez A, Pablo-Júlvez LE, Farrant S, Chiambaretta F. Efficacy of artificial tears containing trehalose and hyaluronic acid for dry eye disease in women aged 42-54 versus ≥ 55 years. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2023; 46:101845. [PMID: 37117131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2023.101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dry eye disease (DED) is common in postmenopausal women. This study evaluated efficacy of a 3-month daily treatment with artificial tears containing trehalose and hyaluronic acid (HA) in women aged 42-54 years (mixed-hormonal status) versus ≥ 55 years (postmenopausal) and with moderate and severe DED. METHODS This was a post-hoc analysis of three clinical trials assessing the efficacy of artificial tears containing trehalose (3%) and HA (0.15%) in women with an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) ≥ 18. Patients instilled one drop of the artificial tears in each eye 3 to 6 times daily and were evaluated at baseline and after 84 ± 7 days for DED symptom severity (OSDI), hyperemia (McMonnies scale), tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining (Oxford and Van Bjisterveld scales), tear production (Schirmer I test), and ocular symptoms. RESULTS A total of 273 women were evaluated, 61 of age 42-54 years; 212 of ≥ 55 years. DED symptoms, as measured by the OSDI, decreased significantly with the treatment in both age groups (p < 0.0001). Conjunctival hyperemia decreased significantly and TBUT increased significantly in both groups, especially in women of age 42-54 (both p < 0.0001). The global (corneal and conjunctival) staining score decreased significantly in both groups, but also more in women of age 42-54 years. No differences were observed between age groups for any of the variables measured, except for visual acuity. DED symptoms were consistently reported more frequently by the mixed hormonal status women, but also the effect of the treatment was more pronounced in this group. CONCLUSIONS Artificial tears with trehalose and HA significantly improved the symptoms of DED in women aged 42-54 and ≥ 55 years. The decrease in symptoms was more pronounced in women of age 42-54 years, suggesting better mechanisms of recovery from inflammation and loss of ocular surface homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Mateo-Orobia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Miguel Servet Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Oftalmológico Quirón-salud (Biotech Vision), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | | | - Luis E Pablo-Júlvez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sarah Farrant
- Earlam and Christopher Optometrists and Contact Lens Specialists, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zhang J, Lin H, Li F, Wu K, Yang S, Zhou S. Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trigeminal ganglion corneal neuron injury in dry eye disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1083850. [PMID: 37033374 PMCID: PMC10080667 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1083850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease with a high prevalence worldwide. Uncomfortable corneal sensations severely affect daily life in DED patients. Hence, corneal neuron injury is a vital pathogenesis in DED. Notably, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a role in peripheral neuron injury. However, the role of ERS in DED corneal neuron injury is still far from being clear. In this study, we established an environmental DED (eDED) model in vivo and a hyperosmotic DED model in vitro. Subsequently, trigeminal ganglion (TG) corneal neurons were retrograde labeled by WGA-Alexa Fluor 555, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting was used to collect targeted corneal neurons for RNA sequencing in mice. Our results revealed that TG corneal neuron injury but not apoptosis in DED. ERS-related genes and proteins were upregulated in TG corneal neurons of the eDED mice. ERS inhibition alleviated TG corneal neuron's ERS-related injury. Therefore, ERS-induced TG corneal neuron injury may be an important pathomechanism and provide a promising therapeutic approach to DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangjian Yang
- Guangdong Institute for Vision and Eye Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Wu M, Downie LE, Hill LJ, Chinnery HR. Topical Decorin Reduces Corneal Inflammation and Imparts Neuroprotection in a Mouse Model of Benzalkonium Chloride-induced Corneal Neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:20. [PMID: 36809303 PMCID: PMC9946044 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of topical decorin in a murine model of benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-induced corneal neuropathy. Methods Topical BAK (0.1%) was administered daily to both eyes of female C57BL/6J mice (n = 14) for 7 days. One group of mice received topical decorin (1.07 mg/mL) eye drops to one eye and saline (0.9%) to the contralateral eye; the other group received saline eye drops to both eyes. All eye drops were given three times daily over the experimental period. A control group (n = 8) received daily topical saline only, instead of BAK. Optical coherence tomography imaging was performed before (at day 0) and after (day 7) treatment to evaluate the central corneal thickness. Whole-mount immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate the density of corneal intraepithelial nerves and immune cells. Results BAK-exposed eyes showed corneal epithelial thinning, infiltration of inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils, and a lower density of intraepithelial nerves. No change to the corneal stromal thickness or dendritic cell density was observed. After BAK exposure, decorin-treated eyes had a lower density of macrophages and less neutrophil infiltration and a higher nerve density than the saline-treated group. Contralateral eyes from the decorin-treated animals showed fewer macrophages and neutrophils relative to saline-treated animals. A negative correlation was found between corneal nerve density and macrophage or neutrophil density. Conclusions Topical decorin provides neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a chemical model of BAK-induced corneal neuropathy. The attenuation of corneal inflammation by decorin may contribute to decreasing corneal nerve degeneration induced by BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Wu
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura E. Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa J. Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly R. Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Jing D, Jiang X, Ren X, Su J, Wei S, Hao R, Chou Y, Li X. Change Patterns in Corneal Intrinsic Aberrations and Nerve Density after Cataract Surgery in Patients with Dry Eye Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195697. [PMID: 36233565 PMCID: PMC9572385 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the change patterns in corneal intrinsic aberrations and nerve density after cataract surgery in dry eye disease. The preoperative, 1- and 3-month postoperative dry eye-related parameters were obtained by the Oculus keratograph and the ocular surface disease index questionnaire. The corneal intrinsic aberrations were measured using the Pentacam HR system. In vivo confocal microscopy was performed to observe the vortical and peripheral corneal nerves. An artificial intelligence technique run by the deep learning model generated the corneal nerve parameters. Corneal aberrations on the anterior and total corneal surfaces were significantly increased at 1 month compared with the baseline (p < 0.05) but gradually returned to the baseline by 3 months (p > 0.05). However, the change in posterior corneal aberration lasted up to 3 months (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the corneal vortical nerve maximum length and average density after the operation (p < 0.05), and this damage lasted approximately 3 months. The corneal vortical nerve maximum length and average density were negatively correlated with the anterior corneal surface aberrations before and 1 month after the operation (correlation coefficients, CC = −0.26, −0.25, −0.28; all p < 0.05). Corneal vortex provided a unique site to observe long-term corneal nerve injury related to eye dryness. The continuous damage to the corneal vortical nerve may be due to the continuous dry eye state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalan Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ran Hao
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yilin Chou
- Department of Ophthalmology, BenQ Medical Centre, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210017, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-18600862321 (Y.C.); +86-13911254862 (X.L.)
| | - Xuemin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-18600862321 (Y.C.); +86-13911254862 (X.L.)
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11
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Nakano K, Nakazawa H, He Q, Uwada J, Kiyoi T, Ishibashi T, Masuoka T. Voluntary wheel-running activities ameliorate depressive-like behaviors in mouse dry eye models. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:925128. [PMID: 36160683 PMCID: PMC9500320 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.925128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies indicate that dry eye is closely associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Here, we investigated whether two types of mouse dry eye models showed depressive-like behavior in forced swim and sucrose preference tests, and whether voluntary wheel-running helped ameliorate depressive states. To reproduce the dry eye models, the exorbital lacrimal glands (ELG) or exorbital and intraorbital lacrimal glands (ELG+ILG) were bilaterally excised from male C57BL/6J mice. Tear volume was persistently reduced in both models, but the ELG+ILG excision mice exhibited more severe corneal damage than the ELG excision mice. In the forced swim and sucrose preference tests, the gland excision mice showed longer immobility and shorter climbing times, and lower sucrose preference than sham-operated mice, respectively, which appeared earlier in the ELG+ILG excision mice. Wheel-running activities were significantly lower in the ELG+ILG excision mice, but not in the ELG excision mice. After short-period wheel-running, the longer immobility times and the shorter climbing times in the forced swim completely disappeared in both models. Our results suggest that dry eyes might directly cause a depressive disorder that depends on the severity and duration of the ocular surface damage, and that voluntary motor activity could help recovery from a depressive state induced by dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- Clinical Research and Trials Center, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakazawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kiyoi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takayoshi Masuoka
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12
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Ibrahim SS, Abd-allah H. ‘’Spanlastic nanovesicles for enhanced ocular delivery of vanillic acid: design, in vitro characterization, and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation”. Int J Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Ivakhnitskaia E, Souboch V, Dallacasagrande V, Mizerska K, Souboch E, Sarkar J, Guaiquil VH, Tseng KY, Hirata H, Rosenblatt MI. Benzalkonium chloride, a common ophthalmic preservative, compromises rat corneal cold sensitive nerve activity. Ocul Surf 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Wu M, Hill LJ, Downie LE, Chinnery HR. Neuroimmune crosstalk in the cornea: The role of immune cells in corneal nerve maintenance during homeostasis and inflammation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022;:101105. [PMID: 35868985 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the cornea, resident immune cells are in close proximity to sensory nerves, consistent with their important roles in the maintenance of nerves in both homeostasis and inflammation. Using in vivo confocal microscopy in humans, and ex vivo immunostaining and fluorescent reporter mice to visualize corneal sensory nerves and immune cells, remarkable progress has been made to advance our understanding of the physical and functional interactions between corneal nerves and immune cells. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies relating to corneal immune cells and sensory nerves, and their interactions in health and disease. In particular, we consider how disrupted corneal nerve axons can induce immune cell activity, including in dendritic cells, macrophages and other infiltrating cells, directly and/or indirectly by releasing neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. We summarize growing evidence that the role of corneal intraepithelial immune cells is likely different in corneal wound healing versus other inflammatory-dominated conditions. The role of different types of macrophages is also discussed, including how stromal macrophages with anti-inflammatory phenotypes communicate with corneal nerves to provide neuroprotection, while macrophages with pro-inflammatory phenotypes, along with other infiltrating cells including neutrophils and CD4+ T cells, can be inhibitory to corneal re-innervation. Finally, this review considers the bidirectional interactions between corneal immune cells and corneal nerves, and how leveraging this interaction could represent a potential therapeutic approach for corneal neuropathy.
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15
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Wang Y, Kang H, Jin M, Wang G, Ma W, Liu Z, Xue Y, Li C. Phenotypic and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Underlying Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of Corneal Bee Sting. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070468. [PMID: 35878206 PMCID: PMC9323056 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal bee sting (CBS) is one of the most common ocular traumas and can lead to blindness. The ophthalmic manifestations are caused by direct mechanical effects of bee stings, toxic effects, and host immune responses to bee venom (BV); however, the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Clinically, topical steroids and antibiotics are routinely used to treat CBS patients but the specific drug targets are unknown; therefore, it is imperative to study the pathological characteristics, injury mechanisms, and therapeutic targets involved in CBS. In the present study, a CBS injury model was successfully established by injecting BV into the corneal stroma of healthy C57BL/6 mice. F-actin staining revealed corneal endothelial cell damage, decreased density, skeletal disorder, and thickened corneal stromal. The terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed apoptosis of both epithelial and endothelial cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that cytokine–cytokine interactions were the most relevant pathway for pathogenesis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis showed that IL-1, TNF, and IL-6 were the most relevant nodes. RNA-seq after the application of Tobradex® (0.3% tobramycin and 0.1% dexamethasone) eye ointment showed that Tobradex® not only downregulated relevant inflammatory factors but also reduced corneal pain as well as promoted nerve regeneration by repairing axons. Here, a stable and reliable model of CBS injury was successfully established for the first time, and the pathogenesis of CBS and the therapeutic targets of Tobradex® are discussed. These hub genes are expected to be biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of CBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.W.); (H.K.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Honghua Kang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.W.); (H.K.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mengyi Jin
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.W.); (H.K.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Weifang Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Zhen Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.W.); (H.K.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-592-2189698 (Y.X.)
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.W.); (H.K.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (C.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-592-2189698 (Y.X.)
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16
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Jing D, Jiang X, Chou Y, Wei S, Hao R, Su J, Li X. In vivo Confocal Microscopic Evaluation of Previously Neglected Oval Cells in Corneal Nerve Vortex: An Inflammatory Indicator of Dry Eye Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:906219. [PMID: 35721075 PMCID: PMC9203824 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.906219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of between previously neglected oval cells located in the corneal vortex and dry eye disease (DED). This was an observational, prospective study involving 168 patients with different degrees of DED. In vivo confocal microscopy was used to observe the corneal subbasal nerves and Langerhans cells (LCs) in the corneal vortex and periphery. Bright and oval cells were also observed in the corneal vortex. An artificial intelligence technique was used to generate subbasal nerve fiber parameters. The patients were divided into the three groups based on the presence of inflammatory cells. Group 2 patients showed a significant increase in the corneal peripheral nerve maximum length and average corneal peripheral nerve density. Patients in group 3 had more LCs than other patients. A bright and oval cell was identified in the corneal vortex, which might be a type of immature LC related to the disease severity of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalan Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Chou
- Department of Ophthalmology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuemin Li,
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17
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Sullivan C, Lee J, Bushey W, Demers D, Dinsdale S, Lowe K, Olmeda J, Meng ID. Evidence for a phenotypic switch in corneal afferents after lacrimal gland excision. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:109005. [PMID: 35240196 PMCID: PMC9993327 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye is a common cause of ocular pain. The aim of this study was to investigate corneal innervation, ongoing pain, and alterations in corneal afferent phenotypes in a mouse model of severe aqueous tear deficiency. Chronic dry eye was produced by ipsilateral excision of the extra- and intraorbital lacrimal glands in male and female mice. Tearing was measured using a phenol thread and corneal epithelial damage assessed using fluorescein. Changes in corneal ongoing ocular pain was evaluated by measuring palpebral opening ratio. Corneal axons were visualized using Nav1.8-Cre;tdTomato reporter mice. Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize somal expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the capsaicin sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) in tracer labeled corneal neurons following lacrimal gland excision (LGE). LGE decreased tearing, created severe epithelial damage, and decreased palpebral opening, indicative of chronic ocular irritation, over the 28-day observation period. Corneal axon terminals exhibited an acute decrease in density after LGE, followed by a regenerative process over the course of 28 days that was greater in male animals. Corneal neurons expressing CGRP, TRPV1, and ATF3 increased following injury, corresponding to axonal injury and regeneration processes observed during the same period. CGRP and TRPV1 expression was notably increased in IB4-positive cells following LGE. These results indicate that dry eye-induced damage to corneal afferents can result in alterations in IB4-positive neurons that may enhance neuroprotective mechanisms to create resiliency after chronic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Sullivan
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA; Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Jun Lee
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA; Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Nihon University, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - William Bushey
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Danielle Demers
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Samantha Dinsdale
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Katy Lowe
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Jessica Olmeda
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Ian D Meng
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA; Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.
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18
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Zhang X, Mélik-parsadaniantz S, Baudouin C, Réaux-le Goazigo AR, Moreau N. Shhedding New Light on the Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Corneal Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3630. [PMID: 35408986 PMCID: PMC8998466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea, an anterior ocular tissue that notably serves to protect the eye from external insults and refract light, requires constant epithelium renewal and efficient healing following injury to maintain ocular homeostasis. Although several key cell populations and molecular pathways implicated in corneal wound healing have already been thoroughly investigated, insufficient/impaired or excessive corneal wound healing remains a major clinical issue in ophthalmology, and new avenues of research are still needed to further improve corneal wound healing. Because of its implication in numerous cellular/tissular homeostatic processes and oxidative stress, there is growing evidence of the role of Hedgehog signaling pathway in physiological and pathological corneal wound healing. Reviewing current scientific evidence, Hedgehog signaling and its effectors participate in corneal wound healing mainly at the level of the corneal and limbal epithelium, where Sonic Hedgehog-mediated signaling promotes limbal stem cell proliferation and corneal epithelial cell proliferation and migration following corneal injury. Hedgehog signaling could also participate in corneal epithelial barrier homeostasis and in pathological corneal healing such as corneal injury-related neovascularization. By gaining a better understanding of the role of this double-edged sword in physiological and pathological corneal wound healing, fascinating new research avenues and therapeutic strategies will undoubtedly emerge.
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García-López C, Gómez-Huertas C, Sánchez-González JM, Borroni D, Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora M, Romano V, Rachwani-Anil R, Ramos-López JF, Ortiz-Pérez S, Rocha-de-Lossada C. Opioids and Ocular Surface Pathology; A Literature Review of New Treatments Horizons. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051424. [PMID: 35268515 PMCID: PMC8911328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the role of opioids in the corneal surface and the different pathways and therapeutic methods of management. A literature review was performed using PubMed database. For the database search, the main searching words “opioid” and “topical opioid treatment” were used with the descriptors “cornea”, “ocular surface”, “neuropathic corneal pain”, “corneal sensitivity” and “naltrexone”; original scientific articles and reviews were included to achieve the purpose of the review. The endogenous opioid system has relevant functions in the organism, and in daily use, opioids are used as painkillers. However, these drugs may be employed for other indications as opioid pathways have a wide spectrum. The corneal surface for topical treatment is easily accessible, hence sparing the side effects of systemic opioids. Instillation of opioid antagonist substances, such as naltrexone, increases corneal healing rates and stimulates the division of corneal epithelium cells without deleterious effects. The natural modulation of endogenous opioids controls different forms of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, both in the ocular surface and in the central nervous system. There are diverse methods in controlling pain using opioids, especially in refractory forms. This review attempts to collect the literature about corneal surface and opioid pathways to provide an overview image and a possible direction of the news treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia García-López
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
| | - Carmen Gómez-Huertas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
| | - José-María Sánchez-González
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-955-42-08-61
| | - Davide Borroni
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Cornea Research Unit, ADVALIA Vision, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Department of Ophthalmology (Qvision), Vithas Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Vito Romano
- Department of Eye and Vision Science Ophthalmology, St Paul’s Eye Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK;
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Juan-Francisco Ramos-López
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
| | - Santiago Ortiz-Pérez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (C.G.-L.); (C.G.-H.); (J.-F.R.-L.); (S.O.-P.); (C.R.-d.-L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology (Qvision), Vithas Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ceuta Medical Center, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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20
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Puja G, Sonkodi B, Bardoni R. Mechanisms of Peripheral and Central Pain Sensitization: Focus on Ocular Pain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:764396. [PMID: 34916942 PMCID: PMC8669969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent ocular pain caused by corneal inflammation and/or nerve injury is accompanied by significant alterations along the pain axis. Both primary sensory neurons in the trigeminal nerves and secondary neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus are subjected to profound morphological and functional changes, leading to peripheral and central pain sensitization. Several studies using animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic ocular pain have provided insight about the mechanisms involved in these maladaptive changes. Recently, the advent of new techniques such as optogenetics or genetic neuronal labelling has allowed the investigation of identified circuits involved in nociception, both at the spinal and trigeminal level. In this review, we will describe some of the mechanisms that contribute to the perception of ocular pain at the periphery and at the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Recent advances in the discovery of molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to peripheral and central pain sensitization of the trigeminal pathways will be also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Puja
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Balazs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Bardoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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21
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van der Valk Bouman ES, Pump H, Borsook D, Severinsky B, Wisse RP, Saeed HN, Moulton EA. Pain mechanisms and management in corneal cross-linking: a review. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000878. [PMID: 34901466 PMCID: PMC8633999 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Though corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is an increasingly available and effective treatment for keratoconus, few reports have considered its impact on pain-related physiology in depth. This comprehensive narrative review summarises mechanisms underlying pain in CXL and clinical care possibilities, with the goal of future improvement in management of CXL-related pain. Postoperative pain associated with CXL is largely due to primary afferent nerve injury and, to a smaller extent, inflammation. Chronification of pain after CXL has not been reported, even as long-term nerve damage without regeneration following standard CXL treatment is frequently observed. The lack of pain chronification may be due to the minimally invasive nature of the procedure, with its rapidly recovering superficial corneal wound, and to the positive anti-inflammatory changes of the tear film that have been described after CXL. Different CXL approaches have been developed, with the transepithelial epithelial-on technique (epi-on) associated with less postsurgical pain than the gold standard, epithelial-off technique (epi-off). After the first few days, however, the difference in pain scores and need for analgesics between epi-on and epi-off disappear. Patients experience relatively high-intensity pain the first few days post-CXL, and many strategies for acute pain control following CXL have been studied. Currently, no method of pain management is considered superior or universally accepted. Acute pain following CXL is a recognised and clinically significant side effect, but few CXL studies have systematically investigated postoperative pain and its management. This review aims to improve patient pain outcomes following this increasingly common procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Borsook
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Boris Severinsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Pl Wisse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Univerisity Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hajirah N Saeed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A Moulton
- Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Lasagni Vitar RM, Bonelli F, Rama P, Ferrari G. Immunity and pain in the eye: focus on the ocular surface. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 207:149-163. [PMID: 35020868 PMCID: PMC8982975 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most ocular diseases are associated with pain. While pain has been generally considered a mere (deleterious) additional symptom, it is now emerging that it is a key modulator of innate/adaptive immunity. Because the cornea receives the highest nerve density of the entire body, it is an ideal site to demonstrate interactions between pain and the immune response. Indeed, most neuropeptides involved in pain generation are also potent regulators of innate and adaptive leukocyte physiology. On the other hand, most inflammatory cells can modulate the generation of ocular pain through release of specific mediators (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and lipid mediators). This review will discuss the reciprocal role(s) of ocular surface (and specifically: corneal) pain on the immune response of the eye. Finally, we will discuss the clinical implications of such reciprocal interactions in the context of highly prevalent corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bonelli
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Correspondence: Giulio Ferrari, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. E-mail:
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23
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Scuteri D, Rombolà L, Hamamura K, Sakurada T, Watanabe C, Sakurada S, Guida F, Boccella S, Maione S, Gallo Afflitto G, Nucci C, Tonin P, Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT. Is there a rational basis for cannabinoids research and development in ocular pain therapy? A systematic review of preclinical evidence. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112505. [PMID: 34891121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purpose of the present systematic review is to investigate preclinical evidence in favor of the working hypothesis of efficacy of cannabinoids in ocular pain treatment. METHODS Literature search includes the most relevant repositories for medical scientific literature from inception until November, 24 2021. Data collection and selection of retrieved records adhere to PRISMA criteria. RESULTS In agreement with a priori established protocol the search retrieved 2471 records leaving 479 results after duplicates removal. Eleven records result from title and abstract screening to meet the inclusion criteria; only 4 results are eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis impeding meta-analysis. The qualitative analysis highlights the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory efficacy of Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and its derivative HU-308 and of new racemic CB1 allosteric ligand GAT211 and its enantiomers GAT228 and GAT229. Moreover, CB2R agonists RO6871304 and RO6871085 and CB2R ligand HU910 provide evidence of anti-inflammatory efficacy. CB2 agonist HU308 reduces of 241% uveitis-induced leukocyte adhesion and changes lipidome profile. Methodological and design issues raise concern of risk of bias and the amount of studies is too small for generalization. Furthermore, the ocular pain model used can resemble only inflammatory but not neuropathic pain. CONCLUSIONS The role of the endocannabinoid system in ocular pain is underinvestigated, since only two studies assessing the effects of cannabinoid receptors modulators on pain behavior and other two on pain-related inflammatory processes are found. Preclinical studies investigating the efficacy of cannabinoids in ocular inflammatory and neuropathic pain models are needed to pave the way for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scuteri
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy.
| | - L Rombolà
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - K Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 815-8511 Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - T Sakurada
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 815-8511 Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - C Watanabe
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 981-8558 Sendai, Japan.
| | - S Sakurada
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 981-8558 Sendai, Japan.
| | - F Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - S Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - S Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy; IRCSS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - G Gallo Afflitto
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - C Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - P Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy.
| | - G Bagetta
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - M T Corasaniti
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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24
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Abstract
Purpose To test whether an acute corneal injury activates a proinflammatory reflex, involving corneal sensory nerves expressing substance P (SP), the hypothalamus, and the sympathetic nervous system. Methods C57BL6/N (wild-type [WT]) and SP-depleted B6.Cg-Tac1tm1Bbm/J (TAC1-KO) mice underwent bilateral corneal alkali burn. One group of WT mice received oxybuprocaine before alkali burn. One hour later, hypothalamic neuronal activity was assessed in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo by cFOS staining. Some animals were followed up for 14 days to evaluate corneal transparency and inflammation. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression was assessed in brain sections. Sympathetic neuron activation was evaluated in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). CD45+ leukocytes were quantified in whole-mounted corneas. Noradrenaline (NA) was evaluated in the cornea and bone marrow. Results Alkali burn acutely induced neuronal activation in the trigeminal ganglion, paraventricular hypothalamus, and lateral hypothalamic area (PVH and LHA), which was significantly lower in TAC1-KO mice (P < 0.05). Oxybuprocaine application similarly reduced neuronal activation (P < 0.05). TAC1-KO mice showed a reduced number of cFOS+/NK1R+/TH+ presympathetic neurons (P < 0.05) paralleled by higher nNOS expression (P < 0.05) in both PVH and LHA. A decrease in activated sympathetic neurons in the SCG and NA levels in both cornea/bone marrow and reduced corneal leukocyte infiltration (P < 0.05) in TAC1-KO mice were found. Finally, 14 days after injury, TAC1-KO mice showed reduced corneal opacity and inflammation (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that stimulation of corneal sensory nerves containing SP activates presympathetic neurons located in the PVH and LHA, leading to sympathetic activation, peripheral release of NA, and corneal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Fonteyne
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Chaabane
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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25
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Hwang DDJ, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Lee SM. The Role of Neuropeptides in Pathogenesis of Dry Dye. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4248. [PMID: 34575359 PMCID: PMC8471988 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are known as important mediators between the nervous and immune systems. Recently, the role of the corneal nerve in the pathogenesis of various ocular surface diseases, including dry eye disease, has been highlighted. Neuropeptides are thought to be important factors in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease, as suggested by the well-known role between the nervous and immune systems, and several recently published studies have elucidated the previously unknown pathogenic mechanisms involved in the role of the neuropeptides secreted from the corneal nerves in dry eye disease. Here, we reviewed the emerging concept of neurogenic inflammation as one of the pathogenic mechanisms of dry eye disease, the recent results of related studies, and the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duck-Jin Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, HanGil Eye Hospital, Incheon 21388, Korea;
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 21388, Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Lee
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, HanGil Eye Hospital, Incheon 21388, Korea;
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 21388, Korea
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26
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Du K, Wu W, Feng X, Ke J, Xie H, Chen Y. Puerarin Attenuates Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Trigeminal Neuralgia and Inflammation in a Mouse Model via Sirt1-Mediated TGF-β1/Smad3 Inhibition. J Pain Res 2021; 14:2469-2479. [PMID: 34421312 PMCID: PMC8373046 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s323588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Puerarin, an active compound of radix puerariae, is a major compound used in Chinese herbal medicines and it has been well known for its pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, neuroprotective and cardioprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of puerarin (Pue) in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and the effects of this compound on Sirt1 activity and on the progression of CFA-induced TN. Methods Mice were injected with CFA on the unilateral face to induce TN. A cell model of inflammation-associated TN was established by interleukin-1β (IL-1β; 10 ng/mL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 50 ng/mL) stimulation of neurons. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to analyze mRNA and protein expression levels in trigeminal ganglion and nerve cells. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to determine nerve cell apoptosis following IL-1β/TNF-α or Pue treatment. Results Pue is a conceivable Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) activator used for the prevention of trigeminal nerve injury that attenuates CFA-induced TN and inflammatory cytokine-evoked overactivation of neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Treatment of mice with inflammatory cytokines induced upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, which was neutralized by Pue supplementation. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments led to the conclusion that Pue modulated Sirt1 activation and repressed transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein expression and drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic homolog3 (Smad3) phosphorylation in order to exert neuroprotection. Conclusion The findings suggested that Pue functioned as a potential Sirt1 activator to improve neuroinflammation-induced TN and neuronal apoptosis via the suppression of TGF-β1/Smad3 activity. The pharmacological activity of Pue provides a new perspective for the effective prevention and treatment of TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jianjuan Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Hengtao Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, Peoples Republic of China
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27
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Bonneau N, Baudouin C, Brignole-Baudouin F. AOP and IATA applied to ocular surface toxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 125:105021. [PMID: 34348128 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Until now, the Draize test on rabbits has been the only test performed to anticipate ocular toxicity of pharmaceutical compounds, mainly irritation. The OECD is urging the scientific community to develop and validate alternative methods to reduce the need for animal testing. Since the models and tests used cannot reflect the entire biologic response, it is necessary to combine them into integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) to obtain robust data. IATAs, along with adverse outcome pathways (AOP) that encompass molecular cascades and key events, require the best combinations of tests. This commentary manuscript describes these OECD tools and proposes original approaches for ocular surface AOP and an IATA for toxicity-induced dry eye (TIDE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Bonneau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSight, Institut de La Vision, 75012, Paris, France; HORUS PHARMA, 06700, Saint-Laurent-du-Var, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSight, Institut de La Vision, 75012, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National D'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSight, 75012, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU FOReSight, Institut de La Vision, 75012, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National D'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU FOReSight, 75012, France; Laboratoire d'ophtalmobiologie, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 75012, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.
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28
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Solis-Castro OO, Wong N, Boissonade FM. Chemokines and Pain in the Trigeminal System. Front Pain Res 2021; 2:689314. [PMID: 35295531 PMCID: PMC8915704 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.689314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotactic cytokines or chemokines are a large family of secreted proteins able to induce chemotaxis. Chemokines are categorized according to their primary amino acid sequence, and in particular their cysteine residues that form disulphide bonds to maintain the structure: CC, CXC, CX3C, and XC, in which X represents variable amino acids. Among their many roles, chemokines are known to be key players in pain modulation in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, they are promising candidates for novel therapeutics that could replace current, often ineffective treatments. The spinal and trigeminal systems are intrinsically different beyond their anatomical location, and it has been suggested that there are also differences in their sensory mechanisms. Hence, understanding the different mechanisms involved in pain modulation for each system could aid in developing appropriate pharmacological alternatives. Here, we aim to describe the current landscape of chemokines that have been studied specifically with regard to trigeminal pain. Searching PubMed and Google Scholar, we identified 30 reports describing chemokines in animal models of trigeminal pain, and 15 reports describing chemokines involved in human pain associated with the trigeminal system. This review highlights the chemokines studied to date at different levels of the trigeminal system, their cellular localization and, where available, their role in a variety of animal pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar O. Solis-Castro
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Wong
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Boissonade
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Fiona M. Boissonade
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29
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Lasagni Vitar RM, Rama P, Ferrari G. The two-faced effects of nerves and neuropeptides in corneal diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 86:100974. [PMID: 34098111 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Corneal nerves are instrumental to maintain cornea integrity through regulation of key physiological functions such as tear secretion, blink reflex, and neuropeptide turnover. Corneal nerve injury/stimulation can follow many insults including mechanical/chemical trauma, infections and surgeries. Nerve disruption initiates a process named neurogenic inflammation which leads to edema, pain, and recruitment and activation of leukocytes. Interestingly, leukocyte influx in the cornea can further damage nerves by releasing inflammatory mediators-including neuropeptides. The clinical outcome of neuroinflammation can be beneficial or detrimental to corneal integrity. On one side, it ensures prompt wound healing and prevents infections. On the other, prolonged and/or deranged neuroinflammation can permanently disrupt corneal integrity and impair vision. The cornea is an ideal site to study peripheral neuroinflammation and neurogenic inflammation since it receives the highest density of sensory nerves of the entire body. We will review the corneal nerve anatomy and neurochemistry, discuss the beneficial and detrimental effects of neurogenic inflammation in corneal wound healing, inflammatory processes, and pain. We will also examine the emerging remote impact of corneal nerve disruption on the trigeminal ganglion and the brain, highlighting the key role of neuropeptide Substance P. Finally, we will discuss the clinical relevance of such neuroinflammatory network in the context of severe and highly prevalent ocular diseases, including potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Guerrero-Moreno A, Fakih D, Parsadaniantz SM, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. How does chronic dry eye shape peripheral and central nociceptive systems? Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:306-307. [PMID: 32859787 PMCID: PMC7896235 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darine Fakih
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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31
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Guerrero-Moreno A, Baudouin C, Melik Parsadaniantz S, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Morphological and Functional Changes of Corneal Nerves and Their Contribution to Peripheral and Central Sensory Abnormalities. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:610342. [PMID: 33362474 PMCID: PMC7758484 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.610342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea is the most densely innervated and sensitive tissue in the body. The cornea is exclusively innervated by C- and A-delta fibers, including mechano-nociceptors that are triggered by noxious mechanical stimulation, polymodal nociceptors that are excited by mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimuli, and cold thermoreceptors that are activated by cooling. Noxious stimulations activate corneal nociceptors whose cell bodies are located in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and project central axons to the trigeminal brainstem sensory complex. Ocular pain, in particular, that driven by corneal nerves, is considered to be a core symptom of inflammatory and traumatic disorders of the ocular surface. Ocular surface injury affecting corneal nerves and leading to inflammatory responses can occur under multiple pathological conditions, such as chemical burn, persistent dry eye, and corneal neuropathic pain as well as after some ophthalmological surgical interventions such as photorefractive surgery. This review depicts the morphological and functional changes of corneal nerve terminals following corneal damage and dry eye disease (DED), both ocular surface conditions leading to sensory abnormalities. In addition, the recent fundamental and clinical findings of the importance of peripheral and central neuroimmune interactions in the development of corneal hypersensitivity are discussed. Next, the cellular and molecular changes of corneal neurons in the TG and central structures that are driven by corneal nerve abnormalities are presented. A better understanding of the corneal nerve abnormalities as well as neuroimmune interactions may contribute to the identification of a novel therapeutic targets for alleviating corneal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, IHU FOReSIGHT, Paris, France.,CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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32
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Tsubota K, Pflugfelder SC, Liu Z, Baudouin C, Kim HM, Messmer EM, Kruse F, Liang L, Carreno-Galeano JT, Rolando M, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S, Dana R. Defining Dry Eye from a Clinical Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239271. [PMID: 33291796 PMCID: PMC7730816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the number of patients with dry eye disease (DED) has increased dramatically. The incidence of DED is higher in Asia than in Europe and North America, suggesting the involvement of cultural or racial factors in DED etiology. Although many definitions of DED have been used, discrepancies exist between the various definitions of dry eye disease (DED) used across the globe. This article presents a clinical consensus on the definition of DED, as formulated in four meetings with global DED experts. The proposed new definition is as follows: “Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by a persistently unstable and/or deficient tear film (TF) causing discomfort and/or visual impairment, accompanied by variable degrees of ocular surface epitheliopathy, inflammation and neurosensory abnormalities.” The key criteria for the diagnosis of DED are unstable TF, inflammation, ocular discomfort and visual impairment. This definition also recommends the assessment of ocular surface epitheliopathy and neurosensory abnormalities in each patient with suspected DED. It is easily applicable in clinical practice and should help practitioners diagnose DED consistently. This consensus definition of DED should also help to guide research and clinical trials that, to date, have been hampered by the lack of an established surrogate endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5363-3219
| | | | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | | | - Hyo Myung Kim
- Korea University Medical Center, Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Elisabeth M. Messmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Friedrich Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Lingyi Liang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | | | - Maurizio Rolando
- ISPRE OPHTHALMICS (Instituto di Medicina Oftalmica), 16129 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Reza Dana
- Cornea & Refractive Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.T.C.-G.); (R.D.)
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Dutescu RM, Uthoff D, Panfil C, Schrage N. High-Frequency Application of Cationic Agents Containing Lubricant Eye Drops Causes Cumulative Corneal Toxicity in an Ex Vivo Eye Irritation Test Model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:725-731. [PMID: 33180002 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2020.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High-frequency applied cetalkonium chloride (CAC) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) 0.02% did not hamper corneal healing in a living rabbit model of induced corneal erosion. In contrast, the ex vivo eye irritation test (EVEIT) shows inhibition of healing for these substances. In a systematic ex vivo reproduction of the in vivo experiments, we discuss the background of these differences. Methods: Excised rabbit corneas (n = 5 per group) were cultured in artificial anterior chambers (EVEIT). Four erosions were induced for each cornea before starting regular 21 installations/day over 3 days of (1) CAC containing eye drops (Cationorm®), (2) 0.02% BAC. Corneal fluorescein staining, quantification of glucose-/lactate consumption, and histology were performed. Results: BAC 0.02% treated corneas showed increased epithelial lesions from 10.13 ± 0.65 mm2 to 10 ± 0.8 mm2 on day 0, to 86.82 ± 5.18 mm2 (P < 0.0001) by day 3. After a trend toward smaller lesions for CAC on day 1, erosion sizes increased significantly by day 3 from 9.82 ± 0.30 mm2 to 29.51 ± 16.87 mm2 (P < 0.05). For 1 cornea, corneal erosions nearly disappeared on day 3 (0.89 mm2). Corneal lactate increased significantly for BAC and CAC, whereas glucose concentrations were unchanged. Histology revealed disintegration of the corneal structures for both compounds. Conclusions: The data underline the EVEIT as a predictive toxicity test to show side effects in a time-compressed manner. The consistency of these predictions was previously demonstrated by the EVEIT for BAC, phosphate buffer, and others. The EVEIT is suited for a chronic application prediction of tolerability and toxic side effects of eye drops in particular, and other chemicals in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf M Dutescu
- Aachen Centre of Technology Transfer in Ophthalmology e.V., An-Institute RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Uthoff
- Aachen Centre of Technology Transfer in Ophthalmology e.V., An-Institute RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Panfil
- Aachen Centre of Technology Transfer in Ophthalmology e.V., An-Institute RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Schrage
- Aachen Centre of Technology Transfer in Ophthalmology e.V., An-Institute RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Joubert F, Guerrero-Moreno A, Fakih D, Reboussin E, Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Acosta MC, Gallar J, Sahel JA, Bodineau L, Baudouin C, Rostène W, Mélik-Parsadaniantz S, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Topical treatment with a mu opioid receptor agonist alleviates corneal allodynia and corneal nerve sensitization in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110794. [PMID: 33035833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal pain is considered to be a core symptom of ocular surface disruption and inflammation. The management of this debilitating condition is still a therapeutic challenge. Recent evidence supports a role of the opioid system in the management of corneal nociception. However, the functional involvement of the mu opioid receptor (MOR) underlying this analgesic effect is not known. We first investigated the expression of the MOR in corneal nerve fibers and trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in control mice and a mouse model of corneal inflammatory pain. We then evaluated the anti-nociceptive and electrophysiological effects of DAMGO ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol] enkephalin), a MOR-selective ligand. MOR immunoreactivity was detected in corneal nerve fibers and primary afferent neurons of the ophthalmic branch of the TG of naive mice. MOR expression was significantly higher in both structures under conditions of inflammatory corneal pain. Topical ocular administration of DAMGO strongly reduced both the mechanical (von Frey) and chemical (capsaicin) corneal hypersensitivity associated with inflammatory ocular pain. Repeated instillations of DAMGO also markedly reversed the elevated spontaneous activity of the ciliary nerve and responsiveness of corneal polymodal nociceptors that were observed in mice with corneal pain. Finally, these DAMGO-induced behavioral and electrophysiological responses were totally blunted by the topical application of naloxone methiodide, an opioid receptor antagonist. Overall, these results provide evidence that topical pharmacological MOR activation may constitute a therapeutic target for the treatment of corneal pain and improve corneal nerve function to alleviate chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Joubert
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Adrian Guerrero-Moreno
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Darine Fakih
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; R&D Department, Laboratoires Théa, 12 Rue Louis Biérot, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elodie Reboussin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaveriaux-Ruff
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Carmen Acosta
- Instituto de Neurociencias Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurociencias Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, 28 Rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France; Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, 29 Rue Manin, F-75019, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States
| | - Laurence Bodineau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, 28 Rue de Charenton, F-75012, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris-Saclay University, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - William Rostène
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
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Silva FCO, de Menezes JESA, Ferreira MKA, da Silva AW, Holanda CLA, Dos Reis Lima J, Campos AR, Evaristo FFV, Teixeira EH, Magalhães FEA, Bandeira PN, Dos Santos HS. Antinociceptive activity of 3β-6β-16β-trihydroxylup-20 (29)-ene triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:362-367. [PMID: 32962857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drugs used to treat pain are associated with adverse effects, increasing the search for new drugs as an alternative treatment for pain. Therefore, we evaluated the antinociceptive behavior and possible neuromodulation mechanisms of triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CLF-1) isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in zebrafish. Zebrafish (n = 6/group) were pretreated with CLF-1 (0.1 or 0.3 or 1.0 mg/mL; i.p.) and underwent nociception behavior tests. The antinociceptive effect of CFL-1 was tested for modulation by opioid (naloxone), nitrergic (L-NAME), nitric oxide and guanylate cyclase synthesis inhibitor (methylene blue), NMDA (Ketamine), TRPV1 (ruthenium red), TRPA1 (camphor), or ASIC (amiloride) antagonists. The corneal antinociceptive effect of CFL-1 was tested for modulation by TRPV1 (capsazepine). The effect of CFL-1 on zebrafish locomotor behavior was evaluated with the open field test. The acute toxicity study was conducted. CLF-1 reduced nociceptive behavior and corneal in zebrafish without mortalities and without altering the animals' locomotion. Thus, CFL-1 presenting pharmacological potential for the treatment of acute pain and corneal pain, and this effect is modulated by the opioids, nitrergic system, NMDA receptors and TRP and ASIC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Crislândia Oliveira Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jane Eire Silva Alencar de Menezes
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Kueirislene Amâncio Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Wlisses da Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leone Alves Holanda
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Joyce Dos Reis Lima
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Adriana Rolim Campos
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (NUBEX), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas (LIBS), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhães
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade de Fortaleza, Núcleo de Biologia Experimental (NUBEX), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Produtos Naturais e Biotecnologia, Tauá, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nogueira Bandeira
- Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Curso de Química, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Regional do Cariri, Departamento de Química Biológica, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Curso de Química, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil; Universidade Regional do Cariri, Departamento de Química Biológica, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
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Byun YS, Mok JW, Chung SH, Kim HS, Joo CK. Ocular surface inflammation induces de novo expression of substance P in the trigeminal primary afferents with large cell bodies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15210. [PMID: 32939029 PMCID: PMC7494893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the changes in substance P (SP)-expressing trigeminal neurons (TNs) innervating the cornea following ocular surface inflammation. Ocular surface inflammation was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAK). The corneal staining score, corneal epithelial apoptosis, conjunctival goblet cells, and density of corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) were assessed, and the mRNA levels of SP, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α were measured in corneas and ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia (TG). SP-immunoreactivity (IR) was measured in corneal intraepithelial nerves and TNs. The cell size of corneal TNs in the TG was calculated. All parameters were observed immediately (BAK group), at 1 week (1 w group), and 2 months (2 m group) after 2 weeks of BAK application. BAK caused an increase in the corneal staining score and the number of apoptotic cells, loss of conjunctival goblet cells, reduced density of corneal SNP, and upregulated expression of SP and inflammatory cytokines in both the cornea and TG in the BAK group but those changes were not observed in the 2 m group. On the other hand, SP-IR% and mean cell size of corneal TNs increased significantly in the BAK, 1 w, and 2 m groups, compared to the control. Our data suggest that following ocular surface inflammation, large-sized corneal TNs which normally do not express SP, expressed it and this phenotype switching lasted even after the inflammation disappeared. Long-lasting phenotypic switch, as well as changes in the expression level of certain molecules should be addressed in future studies on the mechanism of corneal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soo Byun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Catholic Institute of Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Won Mok
- CK St. Mary's Eye Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyang Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Institute of Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Institute of Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choun-Ki Joo
- CK St. Mary's Eye Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Aboali FA, Habib DA, Elbedaiwy HM, Farid RM. Curcumin-loaded proniosomal gel as a biofreindly alternative for treatment of ocular inflammation: In-vitro and in-vivo assessment. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119835. [PMID: 32890654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ocular inflammation is a natural defensive phenomenon, but, it results in discomfort in the eye; as well as makes the eye vulnerable to other diseases. The aim of this work is to investigate that Curcumin (CUR) could be an effective safer biofreindly alternative for treatment of ocular inflammation. Complete in-vitro characterization of proniosomal gel loading-CUR using different surfactants was studied. A comparative in-vivo evaluation of selected formulation to a marketed corticosteroid drops in induced-eye inflammation model in rabbits was assessed. The selected formulation (FCr 300) composed of Cremophore RH surfactant, lecithin and cholesterol (9:9:1) loading CUR (1.2% w/w). The formulation showed mean PS(212.0 ± 0.1)nm, PDI (0.3 ± 0.1) , ZP(-5.1 ± 0.2)mV and % EE (96.0 ± 0.1). TEM showed multilamellar circular shaped niosomes with smooth surface. SEM showed ruptured vesicles for the lyophilized formula. Selected proniosomal gel showed enhanced permeability 3.22-fold and 1.76-fold higher than CUR dispersion and its lyophilized form respectively. Both proniosomal gel (FCr300) and corticosteroid drops reduced the induced inflammatory signs effectively by 40% on day-one and complete recovery on day-four. This anti-inflammatory result was confirmed by histopathological analysis after treatment. Assessment of cumulative IOP as a predicted side effect verified the goal of this work. In conclusion, the use of CUR as a natural biofreindly alternative to the current chemical conventional ocular anti-inflammatory treatment protocols is comparable as an anti-inflammatory drug with much less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doaa A Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
| | - Heba M Elbedaiwy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ragwa M Farid
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Parlanti P, Pal-Ghosh S, Williams A, Tadvalkar G, Popratiloff A, Stepp MA. Axonal debris accumulates in corneal epithelial cells after intraepithelial corneal nerves are damaged: A focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) study. Exp Eye Res 2020; 194:107998. [PMID: 32209319 PMCID: PMC7697722 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intraepithelial corneal nerves (ICNs) that innervate the corneal epithelium are maintained through interactions with corneal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix they produce. One to several axons bundle together within the basal cell layer and extend parallel to the ocular surface or branch and extend apically. Here we use 3-dimentional (3D) ultrastructural reconstructions of control and trephine injured mouse corneal epithelium and stroma produced using Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB-SEM) to determine whether corneal epithelial or immune cells resident in the epithelium remove axonal debris and degrade it in their lysosomes after trephine injury to the cornea. We demonstrate that axonal fragments are internalized in the corneal epithelium and accumulate within electron dense structures consistent with lysosomes 3 h after trephine injury in both epithelial and immune cells located among the basal cells of the trephine injured cornea. Confocal imaging showed fewer CD45+ immune cells within the corneal epithelium after trephine injury compared to controls. The resolution obtained using FIB-SEM also allowed us to show that the presence of sensory axons at the basal aspect of the epithelial basal cells close to the anterior aspect of the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) is associated with a focal reduction in EBM thickness. In addition, we show using FIB-SEM and confocal imaging that superficial trephine injuries that do not penetrate the stroma, damage the integrity of anterior stromal nerves. These studies are the first to look at the mouse cornea following nerve injury using FIB-SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parlanti
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Alexa Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Gauri Tadvalkar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20052, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20052, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20052, USA.
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Fakih D, Zhao Z, Nicolle P, Reboussin E, Joubert F, Luzu J, Labbé A, Rostène W, Baudouin C, Mélik Parsadaniantz S, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Chronic dry eye induced corneal hypersensitivity, neuroinflammatory responses, and synaptic plasticity in the mouse trigeminal brainstem. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:268. [PMID: 31847868 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease associated with ocular surface inflammation, pain, and nerve abnormalities. We studied the peripheral and central neuroinflammatory responses that occur during persistent DED using molecular, cellular, behavioral, and electrophysiological approaches. Methods A mouse model of DED was obtained by unilateral excision of the extraorbital lachrymal gland (ELG) and Harderian gland (HG) of adult female C57BL/6 mice. In vivo tests were conducted at 7, 14, and 21 days (d) after surgery. Tear production was measured by a phenol red test and corneal alterations and inflammation were assessed by fluorescein staining and in vivo confocal microscopy. Corneal nerve morphology was evaluated by nerve staining. Mechanical corneal sensitivity was monitored using von Frey filaments. Multi-unit extracellular recording of ciliary nerve fiber activity was used to monitor spontaneous corneal nerve activity. RT-qPCR and immunostaining were used to determine RNA and protein levels at d21. Results We observed a marked reduction of tear production and the development of corneal inflammation at d7, d14, and d21 post-surgery in DED animals. Chronic DE induced a reduction of intraepithelial corneal nerve terminals. Behavioral and electrophysiological studies showed that the DED animals developed time-dependent mechanical corneal hypersensitivity accompanied by increased spontaneous ciliary nerve fiber electrical activity. Consistent with these findings, DED mice exhibited central presynaptic plasticity, demonstrated by a higher Piccolo immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral trigeminal brainstem sensory complex (TBSC). At d21 post-surgery, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-1β), astrocyte (GFAP), and oxidative (iNOS2 and NOX4) markers increased significantly in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion (TG). This correlated with an increase in Iba1, GFAP, and ATF3 immunostaining in the ipsilateral TG of DED animals. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, and CCL2), iNOS2, neuronal (ATF3 and FOS), and microglial (CD68 and Itgam) markers were also upregulated in the TBSC of DED animals at d21, along with increased immunoreactivity against GFAP and Iba1. Conclusions Overall, these data highlight peripheral sensitization and neuroinflammatory responses that participate in the development and maintenance of dry eye-related pain. This model may be useful to identify new analgesic molecules to alleviate ocular pain.
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Vitoux MA, Kessal K, Melik Parsadaniantz S, Claret M, Guerin C, Baudouin C, Brignole-Baudouin F, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Benzalkonium chloride-induced direct and indirect toxicity on corneal epithelial and trigeminal neuronal cells: proinflammatory and apoptotic responses in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2019; 319:74-84. [PMID: 31707104 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAK), a quaternary ammonium compound widely used as disinfecting agent as well as preservative in eye drops is known to induce toxic effects on the ocular surface with inflammation and corneal nerve damage leading to dry eye disease (DED) in the medium-to-long term. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the toxicity of a conditioned medium produced by corneal epithelial cells previously exposed to BAK (BAK-CM) on trigeminal neuronal cells. A human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell line was exposed to 5.10-3% BAK (i.e. 0.005% BAK) for 15 min and let recover for 5 h to prepare a BAK-CM. This BAK concentration is the lowest one found in eye drops. After this recovery period, BAK effect on HCE cells displayed cytotoxicity, morphological alteration, apoptosis, oxidative stress, ATP release, CCL2 and IL6 gene induction, as well as an increase in CCL2, IL-6 and MIF release. Next, a mouse trigeminal ganglion primary culture was exposed to the BAK-CM for 2 h, 4 h or 24 h. Whereas BAK-CM did not alter neuronal cell morphology, or induced neuronal cytotoxicity or oxidative stress, BAK-CM induced gene expression of Fos (neuronal activation marker), Atf3 (neuronal injury marker), Ccl2 and Il6 (inflammatory markers). Two and 4 h BAK-CM exposure promoted a neuronal damage (ATF-3, phospho-p38 increases; phospho-Stat3 decreases) while 24 h-BAK-CM exposure initiated a prosurvival pathway activation (phospho-p44/42, phospho-Akt increases; ATF-3, GADD153, active Caspase-3 decreases). In conclusion, this in vitro model, simulating paracrine mechanisms, represents an interesting tool to highlight the indirect toxic effects of BAK or any other xenobiotic on corneal trigeminal neurons and may help to better understand the cellular mechanisms that occur during DED pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael-Adrien Vitoux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France; HORUS PHARMA, F-06700 Saint-Laurent-du-Var, France
| | - Karima Kessal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU Foresight, F-75012 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU Foresight, F-75012 Paris, France; Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU Foresight, F-75012 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
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Al-aqaba MA, Dhillon VK, Mohammed I, Said DG, Dua HS. Corneal nerves in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 73:100762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common cranial nerve disease. Inflammation is suggested in many recent studies to be involved in neuropathic pain, but its role in TN remains unclear so far. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the relationship of inflammation with TN. METHODS The levels of inflammatory markers, such as white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NE), lymphocyte (LY), monocyte (MO), platelet (PLT), and albumin (ALB), as well as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) had been compared between TN patients and healthy controls using nonparametric tests. Moreover, multiple logistic regression models had been employed to assess the associations of inflammatory markers with TN. Besides, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the values of these inflammatory makers, as well as their matched combinations in diagnosing TN. RESULTS The levels of WBC, NE, MO, NLR, dNLR, and MLR in TN patients were evidently increased combined with those in normal subjects. In addition, multivariate logistic regression models illustrated that inflammation had close correlation with TN. Meanwhile, the area under the curve (AUC) values for NE, NLR, and dNLR, as well as those for the matched combinations of NLR+PLR, NLR+PNI, dNLR+NLR, and dNLR+PLR in TN were >0.7, which might have predictive value for TN compared with those for normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study reveal that inflammation could have played a close and important role in the progression and etiology of TN.
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McKay TB, Seyed-Razavi Y, Ghezzi CE, Dieckmann G, Nieland TJF, Cairns DM, Pollard RE, Hamrah P, Kaplan DL. Corneal pain and experimental model development. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 71:88-113. [PMID: 30453079 PMCID: PMC6690397 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is a valuable tissue for studying peripheral sensory nerve structure and regeneration due to its avascularity, transparency, and dense innervation. Somatosensory innervation of the cornea serves to identify changes in environmental stimuli at the ocular surface, thereby promoting barrier function to protect the eye against injury or infection. Due to regulatory demands to screen ocular safety of potential chemical exposure, a need remains to develop functional human tissue models to predict ocular damage and pain using in vitro-based systems to increase throughput and minimize animal use. In this review, we summarize the anatomical and functional roles of corneal innervation in propagation of sensory input, corneal neuropathies associated with pain, and the status of current in vivo and in vitro models. Emphasis is placed on tissue engineering approaches to study the human corneal pain response in vitro with integration of proper cell types, controlled microenvironment, and high-throughput readouts to predict pain induction. Further developments in this field will aid in defining molecular signatures to distinguish acute and chronic pain triggers based on the immune response and epithelial, stromal, and neuronal interactions that occur at the ocular surface that lead to functional outcomes in the brain depending on severity and persistence of the stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B McKay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Yashar Seyed-Razavi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology and Cornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chiara E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Gabriela Dieckmann
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology and Cornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J F Nieland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Dana M Cairns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Rachel E Pollard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology and Cornea Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Reaux-Le Goazigo A, Poras H, Ben-Dhaou C, Ouimet T, Baudouin C, Wurm M, Melik Parsadaniantz S. Dual enkephalinase inhibitor PL265: a novel topical treatment to alleviate corneal pain and inflammation. Pain 2019; 160:307-21. [PMID: 30412056 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ocular pain is a core symptom of inflammatory or traumatic disorders affecting the anterior segment. To date, the management of chronic ocular pain remains a therapeutic challenge in ophthalmology. The main endogenous opioids (enkephalins) play a key role in pain control but exhibit only transient analgesic effects due to their rapid degradation. The aim of this study was to explore the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of topical administration of PL265 (a dual enkephalinase inhibitor) on murine models of corneal pain. On healthy corneas, chronic PL265 topical administration did not alter corneal integrity nor modify corneal mechanical and chemical sensitivity. Then, on murine models of corneal pain, we showed that repeated instillations of PL265 (10 mM) significantly reduced corneal mechanical and chemical hypersensitivity. PL265-induced corneal analgesia was completely antagonized by naloxone methiodide, demonstrating that PL265 antinociceptive effects were mediated by peripheral corneal opioid receptors. Moreover, flow cytometry (quantification of CD11b+ cells) and in vivo confocal microscopy analysis revealed that instillations of PL265 significantly decreased corneal inflammation in a corneal inflammatory pain model. Chronic PL265 topical administration also decreased Iba1 and neuronal injury marker (ATF3) staining in the nucleus of primary sensory neurons of ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion. These results open a new avenue for ocular pain treatment based on the enhancement of endogenous opioid peptides' analgesic effects in tissues of the anterior segment of the eye. Dual enkephalinase inhibitor PL265 seems to be a promising topical treatment for safe and effective alleviation of ocular pain and inflammation.
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Marek V, Reboussin E, Dégardin-Chicaud J, Charbonnier A, Domínguez-López A, Villette T, Denoyer A, Baudouin C, Réaux-Le Goazigo A, Mélik Parsadaniantz S. Implication of Melanopsin and Trigeminal Neural Pathways in Blue Light Photosensitivity in vivo. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:497. [PMID: 31178682 PMCID: PMC6543920 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Photophobia may arise from various causes and frequently accompanies numerous ocular diseases. In modern highly illuminated world, complaints about greater photosensitivity to blue light increasingly appear. However, the pathophysiology of photophobia is still debated. In the present work, we investigated in vivo the role of various neural pathways potentially implicated in blue-light aversion. Moreover, we studied the light-induced neuroinflammatory processes on the ocular surface and in the trigeminal pathways. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed either to blue (400-500 nm) or to yellow (530-710 nm) LED light (3 h, 6 mW/cm2). Photosensitivity was measured as the time spent in dark or illuminated parts of the cage. Pharmacological treatments were applied: topical instillation of atropine, pilocarpine or oxybuprocaine, intravitreal injection of lidocaine, norepinephrine or "blocker" of the visual photoreceptor transmission, and intraperitoneal injection of a melanopsin antagonist. Clinical evaluations (ocular surface state, corneal mechanical sensitivity and tear quantity) were performed directly after exposure to light and after 3 days of recovery in standard light conditions. Trigeminal ganglia (TGs), brainstems and retinas were dissected out and conditioned for analyses. Mice demonstrated strong aversion to blue but not to yellow light. The only drug that significantly decreased the blue-light aversion was the intraperitoneally injected melanopsin antagonist. After blue-light exposure, dry-eye-related inflammatory signs were observed, notably after 3 days of recovery. In the retina, we observed the increased immunoreactivity for GFAP, ATF3, and Iba1; these data were corroborated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, retinal visual and non-visual photopigments distribution was altered. In the trigeminal pathway, we detected the increased mRNA expression of cFOS and ATF3 as well as alterations in cytokines' levels. Thus, the wavelength-dependent light aversion was mainly mediated by melanopsin-containing cells, most likely in the retina. Other potential pathways of light reception were also discussed. The phototoxic message was transmitted to the trigeminal system, inducing both inflammation at the ocular surface and stress in the retina. Further investigations of retina-TG connections are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Marek
- R&D, Essilor International, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Reboussin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dégardin-Chicaud
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Angéline Charbonnier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Alfredo Domínguez-López
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Denoyer
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier Nationale d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
- CHU Robert Debré, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier Nationale d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
- Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Université, Versailles, France
| | - Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Mélik Parsadaniantz
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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Cho J, Bell N, Botzet G, Vora P, Fowler BJ, Donahue R, Bush H, Taylor BK, Albuquerque RJC. Latent Sensitization in a Mouse Model of Ocular Neuropathic Pain. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:6. [PMID: 30937216 PMCID: PMC6436610 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic ocular pain is poorly understood and difficult to manage. We developed a murine model of corneal surface injury (CSI)-induced chronic ocular neuropathic pain. The study focuses on changes in corneal nerve morphology and associated short- and long-term pain-like behavior after CSI. Methods CSI was induced in mice by local application of an alkali solution (0.75 N NaOH). Corneal nerve architecture, morphology, density, and length were studied. Eye-wiping was evaluated before and after CSI in response to hypertonic saline (2 M NaCl). Naltrexone (NTX) or Naloxone-methiodide (NLX-me), opioid receptor antagonists, were given subcutaneously (s.c., 3 mg/kg) or topically (eye drop, 100 μM), and then an eye-wiping test was performed. Results CSI caused partial corneal deinnervation followed by gradual reinnervation. Regenerated nerves displayed increased tortuosity, beading, and branching. CSI enhanced hypertonic saline-induced eye-wiping behavior compared to baseline or sham-injury (P < 0.01). This hypersensitivity peaked at 10 days and subsided 14 days after CSI. Administration of NTX, or NLX-me, a selective peripheral opioid antagonist, reinstated eye-wiping behavior in the injury group, but not in the sham groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study introduces a model of chronic ocular pain and corneal neuropathy following CSI. CSI induces central and peripheral opioid receptor-dependent latent sensitization (LS) that is unmasked by systemic or topical administration of opioid antagonists. Translational Relevance This model of chronic ocular pain establishes LS as a new inhibitory mechanism in the oculotrigeminal system and may be used for potential diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for ocular neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory Botzet
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Paras Vora
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Fowler
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Renee Donahue
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Heather Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Labetoulle M, Baudouin C, Calonge M, Merayo‐Lloves J, Boboridis KG, Akova YA, Aragona P, Geerling G, Messmer EM, Benítez‐del‐Castillo J. Role of corneal nerves in ocular surface homeostasis and disease. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:137-145. [PMID: 30225941 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Corneal nerves are key components of the physiological system that controls ocular surface homeostasis. The cornea is primarily innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerves (cranial nerve V), which distend bilaterally from the pons. The nasociliary branch (afferent) of the ophthalmic nerve is sensory for cornea, eyelid and conjunctiva. These nerve fibres play a role in sensing temperature, chemical and mechanical stimuli, and pain, whereas, branches of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) contain motor nerves that control blinking and autonomic (sympathetic and a paucity of parasympathetic) fibres that stimulate tear production and secretion via feedback loops between the ocular surface, lacrimal glands and brain. Disruption of these nerves with interruption of neural feedback loops between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands can lead to corneal diseases such as dry eye disease (DED) and neurotrophic keratopathy (NK). Inversely, hypersensitivity of the nerve fibres and/or dysregulation of pain-controlling nervous centres may lead to neuropathic pain. Recently, medications that specifically target regeneration of corneal nerves have started to become available - and considering the high prevalence of diseases associated with corneal nerve dysfunction, these agents promise to fulfil a hitherto important unmet need. In this review, we explore the physiology of corneal nerves, the pathology of corneal nerve diseases and how these relate to neuropathic pain, NK and DED. We also discuss what novel treatments may be useful against diseases involving corneal nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology South Paris University Hospital‐APHP Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital Paris France
- INSERM UMRS968 CNRS UMR7210 Paris 6 Vision Institute UPMC University Paris France
- University of Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versaille France
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Marek V, Potey A, Réaux-Le-Goazigo A, Reboussin E, Charbonnier A, Villette T, Baudouin C, Rostène W, Denoyer A, Mélik Parsadaniantz S. Blue light exposure in vitro causes toxicity to trigeminal neurons and glia through increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:27-39. [PMID: 30496813 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Today the noxiousness of blue light from natural and particularly artificial (fluorescent tubes, LED panels, visual displays) sources is actively discussed in the context of various ocular diseases. Many of them have an important neurologic component and are associated with ocular pain. This neuropathic signal is provided by nociceptive neurons from trigeminal ganglia. However, the phototoxicity of blue light on trigeminal neurons has not been explored so far. The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the cytotoxic impact of various wavebands of visible light (410-630 nm) on primary cell culture of mouse trigeminal neural and glial cells. Three-hour exposure to narrow wavebands of blue light centered at 410, 440 and 480 nm of average 1.1 mW/cm2 irradiance provoked cell death, altered cell morphology and induced oxidative stress and inflammation. These effects were not observed for other tested visible wavebands. We observed that neurons and glial cells processed the light signal in different manner, in terms of resulting superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation, inflammatory biomarkers expression and phototoxic mitochondrial damage. We analyzed the pathways of photic signal reception, and we proposed that, in trigeminal cells, in addition to widely known mitochondria-mediated light absorption, light could be received by means of non-visual opsins, melanopsin (opn4) and neuropsin (opn5). We also investigated the mechanisms underlying the observed phototoxicity, further suggesting an important role of the endoplasmic reticulum in neuronal transmission of blue-light-toxic message. Taken together, our results give some insight into circuit of tangled pain and photosensitivity frequently observed in patients consulting for these ocular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Marek
- R&D, Essilor International, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
| | - A Potey
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - E Reboussin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - A Charbonnier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - T Villette
- R&D, Essilor International, Paris, France
| | - C Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier Nationale d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Université, Versailles, France
| | - W Rostène
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - A Denoyer
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; Centre Hospitalier Nationale d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France; CHU Robert Debré, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Chen M, Yang M, Zhou WP, Li ST. Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between Inflammation and Hemifacial Spasm. World Neurosurg 2019; 125:e214-20. [PMID: 30684712 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complete pathogenesis of hemifacial spasm (HFS) is unknown. In some patients with HFS, thickened, opaque, and sticky arachnoid membranes have been found during microvascular decompression procedures. This phenomenon indicates a possible relationship between inflammation and HFS. The aim of this study was to explore the role of inflammation in pathogenesis of HFS. METHODS Levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor α and white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were compared between patients with HFS, patients with lumbar disc herniation, and healthy control subjects. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of peripheral blood inflammatory markers for HFS. All the inflammatory markers were further analyzed by single and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Patients with HFS had greater IL-6, interleukin-8, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count than patients with lumbar disc herniation and healthy control subjects. Area under curve values of IL-6, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count were >0.8. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that only interleukin-2 receptor and IL-6 were relevant to HFS. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation is relative to HFS. IL-6 may be 1 of many factors involved in pathogenesis of HFS.
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Joubert F, Acosta MDC, Gallar J, Fakih D, Sahel JA, Baudouin C, Bodineau L, Mélik Parsadaniantz S, Réaux-Le Goazigo A. Effects of corneal injury on ciliary nerve fibre activity and corneal nociception in mice: A behavioural and electrophysiological study. Eur J Pain 2018; 23:589-602. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Joubert
- INSERM; CNRS; Institut de la Vision; Sorbonne Université; Paris France
| | - Maria del Carmen Acosta
- Instituto de Neurosciencas; Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC; San Juan de Alicante; Alicante Spain
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurosciencas; Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC; San Juan de Alicante; Alicante Spain
| | - Darine Fakih
- INSERM; CNRS; Institut de la Vision; Sorbonne Université; Paris France
- Laboratoires Théa; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- INSERM; CNRS; Institut de la Vision; Sorbonne Université; Paris France
- INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts; DHU Sight Restore; Paris France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- INSERM; CNRS; Institut de la Vision; Sorbonne Université; Paris France
- INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts; DHU Sight Restore; Paris France
- University Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines; Versailles France
| | - Laurence Bodineau
- INSERM; Sorbonne Université; UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique; Paris France
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