1
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Zou K, Deng Q, Zhang H, Huang C. Glymphatic system: a gateway for neuroinflammation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2661-2672. [PMID: 38595285 PMCID: PMC11168510 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a relatively recently identified fluid exchange and transport system in the brain. Accumulating evidence indicates that glymphatic function is impaired not only in central nervous system disorders but also in systemic diseases. Systemic diseases can trigger the inflammatory responses in the central nervous system, occasionally leading to sustained inflammation and functional disturbance of the central nervous system. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between glymphatic dysfunction and central nervous system inflammation. In addition, we discuss the hypothesis that disease conditions initially associated with peripheral inflammation overwhelm the performance of the glymphatic system, thereby triggering central nervous system dysfunction, chronic neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Future research investigating the role of the glymphatic system in neuroinflammation may offer innovative therapeutic approaches for central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailu Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qingwei Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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2
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Hao X, Lin L, Sun C, Li C, Wang J, Jiang M, Yao Z, Yang Y. Inhibition of Notch1 signal promotes brain recovery by modulating glial activity after stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:106578. [PMID: 38636320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch1 signaling inhibiton with N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester] (DAPT) treatment could promote brain recovery and the intervention effect is different between striatum (STR) and cortex (CTX), which might be accounted for different changes of glial activities, but the in-depth mechanism is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify whether DAPT could modulate microglial subtype shifts and astroglial-endfeet aquaporin-4 (AQP4) mediated waste solute drainage. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10) were subjected to 90min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and were treated with DAPT (n=5) or act as control with no treatment (n=5). Two groups of rats underwent MRI scans at 24h and 4 week, and sacrificed at 4 week after stroke for immunofluorescence (IF). RESULTS Compared with control rats, MRI data showed structural recovery in ipsilateral STR but not CTX. And IF showed decreased pro-inflammatory M1 microglia and increased anti-inflammatory M2 microglia in striatal lesion core and peri-lesions of STR, CTX. Meanwhile, IF showed decreased AQP4 polarity in ischemic brain tissue, however, AQP4 polarity in striatal peri-lesions of DAPT treated rats was higher than that in control rats but shows no difference in cortical peri-lesions between control and treated rats. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that DAPT could promote protective microglia subtype shift and striatal astrocyte mediated waste solute drainage, that the later might be the major contributor of waste solute metabolism and one of the accounts for discrepant recovery of STR and CTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Hao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Luyi Lin
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai cancer center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chengfeng Sun
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chanchan Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Institutes of Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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3
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Kries J, De Clercq P, Gillis M, Vanthornhout J, Lemmens R, Francart T, Vandermosten M. Exploring neural tracking of acoustic and linguistic speech representations in individuals with post-stroke aphasia. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26676. [PMID: 38798131 PMCID: PMC11128780 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aphasia is a communication disorder that affects processing of language at different levels (e.g., acoustic, phonological, semantic). Recording brain activity via Electroencephalography while people listen to a continuous story allows to analyze brain responses to acoustic and linguistic properties of speech. When the neural activity aligns with these speech properties, it is referred to as neural tracking. Even though measuring neural tracking of speech may present an interesting approach to studying aphasia in an ecologically valid way, it has not yet been investigated in individuals with stroke-induced aphasia. Here, we explored processing of acoustic and linguistic speech representations in individuals with aphasia in the chronic phase after stroke and age-matched healthy controls. We found decreased neural tracking of acoustic speech representations (envelope and envelope onsets) in individuals with aphasia. In addition, word surprisal displayed decreased amplitudes in individuals with aphasia around 195 ms over frontal electrodes, although this effect was not corrected for multiple comparisons. These results show that there is potential to capture language processing impairments in individuals with aphasia by measuring neural tracking of continuous speech. However, more research is needed to validate these results. Nonetheless, this exploratory study shows that neural tracking of naturalistic, continuous speech presents a powerful approach to studying aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Kries
- Experimental Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of PsychologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pieter De Clercq
- Experimental Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marlies Gillis
- Experimental Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jonas Vanthornhout
- Experimental Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Experimental Neurology, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB‐KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Tom Francart
- Experimental Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maaike Vandermosten
- Experimental Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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4
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Lénárt N, Cserép C, Császár E, Pósfai B, Dénes Á. Microglia-neuron-vascular interactions in ischemia. Glia 2024; 72:833-856. [PMID: 37964690 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a devastating condition that results in impaired blood flow in the brain leading to acute brain injury. As the most common form of stroke, occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to a characteristic sequence of pathophysiological changes in the brain tissue. The mechanisms involved, and comorbidities that determine outcome after an ischemic event appear to be highly heterogeneous. On their own, the processes leading to neuronal injury in the absence of sufficient blood supply to meet the metabolic demand of the cells are complex and manifest at different temporal and spatial scales. While the contribution of non-neuronal cells to stroke pathophysiology is increasingly recognized, recent data show that microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system parenchyma, play previously unrecognized roles in basic physiological processes beyond their inflammatory functions, which markedly change during ischemic conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss some of the known microglia-neuron-vascular interactions assumed to contribute to the acute and delayed pathologies after cerebral ischemia. Because the mechanisms of neuronal injury have been extensively discussed in several excellent previous reviews, here we focus on some recently explored pathways that may directly or indirectly shape neuronal injury through microglia-related actions. These discoveries suggest that modulating gliovascular processes in different forms of stroke and other neurological disorders might have presently unexplored therapeutic potential in combination with neuroprotective and flow restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Császár
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Zhou X, Zhu Y, Gao D, Li M, Lin L, Wang Z, Du H, Xu Y, Liu J, He Y, Guo Y, Wang S, Qiao S, Bao Y, Liu Y, Zhang H. Matrilin-3 supports neuroprotection in ischemic stroke by suppressing astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113980. [PMID: 38520693 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the brain, the role of matrilin-3, an extracellular matrix component in cartilage, is unknown. Here, we identify that matrilin-3 decreased in reactive astrocytes but was unchanged in neurons after ischemic stroke in animals. Importantly, it declined in serum of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition or supplementation of matrilin-3 aggravates or reduces brain injury, astrocytic cell death, and glial scar, respectively, but has no direct effect on neuronal cell death. RNA sequencing demonstrates that Matn3-/- mice display an increased inflammatory response profile in the ischemic brain, including the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Both endogenous and exogenous matrilin-3 reduce inflammatory mediators. Mechanistically, extracellular matrilin-3 enters astrocytes via caveolin-1-mediated endocytosis. Cytoplasmic matrilin-3 translocates into the nucleus by binding to NF-κB p65, suppressing inflammatory cytokine transcription. Extracellular matrilin-3 binds to BMP-2, blocking the BMP-2/Smads pathway. Thus, matrilin-3 is required for astrocytes to exert neuroprotection, at least partially, by suppressing astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yongming Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Defei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Liang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Huaping Du
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215301, China; Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
| | - Yingshi Bao
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, China.
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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6
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Sawant N, Watanabe A, Ueda H, Okano H, Morita M. Incomplete accumulation of perilesional reactive astrocytes exacerbates wound healing after closed-head injury by increasing inflammation and BBB disruption. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114700. [PMID: 38272160 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing after closed-head injury is a significant medical issue. However, conventional models of focal traumatic brain injury, such as fluid percussion injury and controlled cortical impact, employ mechanical impacts on the exposed cerebral cortex after craniotomy. These animal models are inappropriate for studying gliosis, as craniotomy itself induces gliosis. To address this, we developed a closed-head injury model and named "photo injury", which employs intense light illumination through a thinned-skull cranial window. Our prior work demonstrated that the gliosis of focal cerebral lesion after the photo injury does not encompass artificial gliosis and comprises two distinct reactive astrocyte subpopulations. The reactive astrocytes accumulated in the perilesional recovery area actively proliferate and express Nestin, a neural stem cell marker, while those in distal regions do not exhibit these traits. The present study investigated the role of perilesional reactive astrocytes (PRAs) in wound healing using the ablation of reactive astrocytes by the conditional knockout of Stat3. The extensive and non-selective ablation of reactive astrocytes in Nestin-Cre:Stat3f/f mice resulted in an exacerbation of injury, marked by increased inflammation and BBB disruption. On the other hand, GFAP-CreERT2:Stat3f/f mice exhibited the partial and selective ablation of the PRAs, while their exacerbation of injury was at the same extent as in Nestin-Cre:Stat3f/f mice. The comparison of these two mouse strains indicates that the PRAs are an essential astrocyte component for wound healing after closed-head injury, and their anti-inflammatory and regenerative functions are significantly affected even by incomplete accumulation. In addition, the reporter gene expression in the PRAs by GFAP-CreERT2 indicated a substantial elimination of these cells and an absence of differentiation into other cell types, despite Nestin expression, after wound healing. Thus, the accumulation and subsequent elimination of PRA are proposed as promising diagnostic and therapeutic avenues to bolster wound healing after closed-head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sawant
- Biomolecular Organization, Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Airi Watanabe
- Biomolecular Organization, Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Haruna Ueda
- Biomolecular Organization, Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Morita
- Biomolecular Organization, Department of Biology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Application Division, Center of Optical Scattering Image Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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7
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Koukalova L, Chmelova M, Amlerova Z, Vargova L. Out of the core: the impact of focal ischemia in regions beyond the penumbra. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336886. [PMID: 38504666 PMCID: PMC10948541 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in the necrotic core and the penumbra following induction of focal ischemia have been the focus of attention for some time. However, evidence shows, that ischemic injury is not confined to the primarily affected structures and may influence the remote areas as well. Yet many studies fail to probe into the structures beyond the penumbra, and possibly do not even find any significant results due to their short-term design, as secondary damage occurs later. This slower reaction can be perceived as a therapeutic opportunity, in contrast to the ischemic core defined as irreversibly damaged tissue, where the window for salvation is comparatively short. The pathologies in remote structures occur relatively frequently and are clearly linked to the post-stroke neurological outcome. In order to develop efficient therapies, a deeper understanding of what exactly happens in the exo-focal regions is necessary. The mechanisms of glia contribution to the ischemic damage in core/penumbra are relatively well described and include impaired ion homeostasis, excessive cell swelling, glutamate excitotoxic mechanism, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis or damage propagation via astrocytic syncytia. However, little is known about glia involvement in post-ischemic processes in remote areas. In this literature review, we discuss the definitions of the terms "ischemic core", "penumbra" and "remote areas." Furthermore, we present evidence showing the array of structural and functional changes in the more remote regions from the primary site of focal ischemia, with a special focus on glia and the extracellular matrix. The collected information is compared with the processes commonly occurring in the ischemic core or in the penumbra. Moreover, the possible causes of this phenomenon and the approaches for investigation are described, and finally, we evaluate the efficacy of therapies, which have been studied for their anti-ischemic effect in remote areas in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Koukalova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Chmelova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Amlerova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lydia Vargova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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8
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Fadoul G, Ikonomovic M, Zhang F, Yang T. The cell-specific roles of Nrf2 in acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14462. [PMID: 37715557 PMCID: PMC10916447 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke refers to the sudden loss of blood flow in a specific area of the brain. It is the fifth leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of permanent disability. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the production of several antioxidants and protective proteins and it has been investigated as a possible pharmaceutical target for reducing harmful oxidative events in brain ischemia. Each cell type exhibits different roles and behaviors in different phases post-stroke, which is comprehensive yet important to understand to optimize management strategies and goals for care for stroke patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the protective effects of Nrf2 in experimental ischemic stroke, emphasizing the role of Nrf2 in different cell types including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells during acute and chronic phases of stroke and providing insights on the neuroprotective role of Nrf2 on each cell type throughout the long term of stroke care. We also highlight the importance of targeting Nrf2 in clinical settings while considering a variety of important factors such as age, drug dosage, delivery route, and time of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fadoul
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and RecoveryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Milos Ikonomovic
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and RecoveryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and RecoveryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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9
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Das N, Dhamija R, Sarkar S. The role of astrocytes in the glymphatic network: a narrative review. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:453-465. [PMID: 38008886 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
To date, treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) pathology has largely focused on neuronal structure and function. Yet, revived attention towards fluid circulation within the CNS has exposed the need to further explore the role of glial cells in maintaining homeostasis within neural networks. In the past decade, discovery of the neural glymphatic network has revolutionized traditional understanding of fluid dynamics within the CNS. Advancements in neuroimaging have revealed alternative pathways of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) generation and efflux. Here, we discuss emerging perspectives on the role of astrocytes in CSF hydrodynamics, with particular focus on the contribution of aquaporin-4 channels to the glymphatic network. Astrocytic structural features and expression patterns are detailed in relation to their function in maintaining integrity of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) as part of the neurovascular unit (NVU). This narrative also highlights the potential role of glial dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The purpose of this literature summary is to provide an update on the changing landscape of scientific theory surrounding production, flow, and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. The overarching aim of this narrative review is to advance the conception of basic, translational, and clinical research endeavors investigating glia as therapeutic targets for neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Das
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ravi Dhamija
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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10
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Hood RJ, Sanchez-Bezanilla S, Beard DJ, Rust R, Turner RJ, Stuckey SM, Collins-Praino LE, Walker FR, Nilsson M, Ong LK. Leakage beyond the primary lesion: A temporal analysis of cerebrovascular dysregulation at sites of hippocampal secondary neurodegeneration following cortical photothrombotic stroke. J Neurochem 2023; 167:733-752. [PMID: 38010732 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that a cortical stroke causes persistent impairment of hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks concomitant with secondary neurodegenerative processes such as amyloid-β accumulation in the hippocampus, a region remote from the primary infarct. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence suggesting that deposition of amyloid-β around cerebral vessels may lead to cerebrovascular structural changes, neurovascular dysfunction, and disruption of blood-brain barrier integrity. However, there is limited knowledge about the temporal changes of hippocampal cerebrovasculature after cortical stroke. In the current study, we aimed to characterise the spatiotemporal cerebrovascular changes after cortical stroke. This was done using the photothrombotic stroke model targeting the motor and somatosensory cortices of mice. Cerebrovascular morphology as well as the co-localisation of amyloid-β with vasculature and blood-brain barrier integrity were assessed in the cortex and hippocampal regions at 7, 28 and 84 days post-stroke. Our findings showed transient cerebrovascular remodelling in the peri-infarct area up to 28 days post-stroke. Importantly, the cerebrovascular changes were extended beyond the peri-infarct region to the ipsilateral hippocampus and were sustained out to 84 days post-stroke. When investigating vessel diameter, we showed a decrease at 84 days in the peri-infarct and CA1 regions that were exacerbated in vessels with amyloid-β deposition. Lastly, we showed sustained vascular leakage in the peri-infarct and ipsilateral hippocampus, indicative of a compromised blood-brain-barrier. Our findings indicate that hippocampal vasculature may represent an important therapeutic target to mitigate the progression of post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Hood
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Sanchez-Bezanilla
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Beard
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruslan Rust
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Renée J Turner
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shannon M Stuckey
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart and Stroke Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Health and Medical Sciences & Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Quan H, Zhang R. Microglia dynamic response and phenotype heterogeneity in neural regeneration following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1320271. [PMID: 38094292 PMCID: PMC10716326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury poses a significant threat to the neural niche within the central nervous system. In response to this pathological process, microglia, as innate immune cells in the central nervous system, undergo rapid morphological, molecular and functional changes. Here, we comprehensively review these dynamic changes in microglial response to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury under pathological conditions, including stroke, chronic intermittent hypoxia and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. We focus on the regulation of signaling pathways under hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and further describe the process of microenvironment remodeling and neural tissue regeneration mediated by microglia after hypoxic-ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Runrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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12
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Wang L, Qin Y, Li X, Li X, Liu Y, Li W, Wang Y. Glymphatic-System Function Is Associated with Addiction and Relapse in Heroin Dependents Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1292. [PMID: 37759893 PMCID: PMC10526898 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on the brain glymphatic system (GS) in opioid addiction in China. A total of 51 male MMT patients, 48 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs), and 20 heroin dependents (HDs) were recruited for this study. The GS functioning was assessed using diffusion-tensor-imaging analysis along perivascular spaces (DTI-ALPS index) and the bilateral ALPS divergency (DivALPS). Group differences were analyzed utilizing ANOVA and two-sample t-tests. The relationship between DivALPS and relapse rate was explored using regression analysis. The DTI-ALPS index was significantly higher for the left-side brain than the right side in all three groups. There was a significant difference for the right side (p = 0.0098) between the groups. The MMT and HD groups showed significantly higher DTI-ALPS than the HC group (p = 0.018 and 0.016, respectively). The DivALPS varied significantly among the three groups (p = 0.04), with the HD group showing the lowest and the HC group the highest values. Significant negative relationships were found between relapse count, DivALPS (p < 0.0001, Exp(B) = 0.6047), and age (p < 0.0001, Exp(B) = 0.9142). The findings suggest that MMT may contribute to promoting brain GS recovery in heroin addicts, and modulation of the GS may serve as a potential biomarker for relapse risk, providing insights into novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.W.); (Y.Q.)
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an Daxing Hospital, Xi’an 710016, China
| | - Yue Qin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.W.); (Y.Q.)
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an Daxing Hospital, Xi’an 710016, China
| | - Xiaoshi Li
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an Daxing Hospital, Xi’an 710016, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an Daxing Hospital, Xi’an 710016, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, People’s Hospital of Tongchuan City, Tongchuan 727000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.W.); (Y.Q.)
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13
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Zhang C, Xu K, Zhang H, Sha J, Yang H, Zhao H, Chen N, Li K. Recovery of glymphatic system function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy after surgery. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:6116-6123. [PMID: 37010581 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the recovery of human glymphatic system (GS) function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) after successful anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS). METHODS We retrospectively analysed DTI-ALPS index in 13 patients with unilateral TLE before and after ATL, and compared the index with 20 healthy controls (HCs). Two-sample t tests and paired t tests were performed to analyse differences in the DTI-ALPS index between patients and HCs. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to observe the relationship between the disease duration and GS function. RESULTS The DTI-ALPS index before ATL was significantly lower in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the epileptogenic foci than in the contralateral hemisphere of the patients (p < 0.001, t = - 4.81) and in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the HCs (p = 0.007, t = - 2.90). A significant increase in the DTI-ALPS index was found in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the epileptogenic foci after successful ATL (p = 0.01, t = - 3.01). In addition, the DTI-ALPS index of the lesion side before ATL was significantly correlated with disease duration (p = 0.04, r = - 0.59). CONCLUSIONS DTI-ALPS may be used as a quantitative biomarker evaluating surgical outcomes and TLE disease duration. DTI-ALPS index may also help localise epileptogenic foci in unilateral TLE. Overall, our study suggests that GS may potentially serve as a new method for the management of TLE and a new direction for investigating the mechanism of epilepsy. KEY POINTS • DTI-ALPS index may contribute to epileptogenic foci lateralisation in TLE. • DTI-ALPS index is a potential quantitative feature evaluating surgical outcomes and TLE disease duration. • The GS provides a new perspective for the study of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Sha
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Radiology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101100, People's Republic of China
| | - Houliang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221006, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kuncheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Gao Y, Liu K, Zhu J. Glymphatic system: an emerging therapeutic approach for neurological disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1138769. [PMID: 37485040 PMCID: PMC10359151 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1138769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of the glymphatic system include clearance of the metabolic waste and modulation of the water transport in the brain, and it forms a brain-wide fluid network along with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF). The glymphatic pathway consists of periarterial influx of CSF, astrocyte-mediated interchange between ISF and CSF supported by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) on the endfeet of astrocyte around the periarterioles, and perivenous efflux of CSF. Finally, CSF is absorbed by the arachnoid granules or flows into the cervical lymphatic vessels. There is growing evidence from animal experiments that the glymphatic system dysfunction is involved in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury and meningitis. In this review, we summarize the latest progress on the glymphatic system and its driving factors, as well as changes in the glymphatic pathway in different neurological diseases. We significantly highlight the likely therapeutic approaches for glymphatic pathway in neurological diseases, and the importance of AQP4 and normal sleep architecture in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangding Liu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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15
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Que M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhan G, Luo X, Zhou Z. Role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation: accomplices, resisters, or bystanders? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1188306. [PMID: 37435045 PMCID: PMC10330732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1188306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays an essential role in all studied animals with a nervous system. However, sleep deprivation leads to various pathological changes and neurobehavioral problems. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain and are involved in various important functions, including neurotransmitter and ion homeostasis, synaptic and neuronal modulation, and blood-brain barrier maintenance; furthermore, they are associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases, pain, and mood disorders. Moreover, astrocytes are increasingly being recognized as vital contributors to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, both locally and in specific neural circuits. In this review, we begin by describing the role of astrocytes in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms, focusing on: (i) neuronal activity; (ii) metabolism; (iii) the glymphatic system; (iv) neuroinflammation; and (v) astrocyte-microglia cross-talk. Moreover, we review the role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation comorbidities and sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Finally, we discuss potential interventions targeting astrocytes to prevent or treat sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Pursuing these questions would pave the way for a deeper understanding of the cellular and neural mechanisms underlying sleep deprivation-comorbid brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Que
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Zbesko JC, Stokes J, Becktel DA, Doyle KP. Targeting foam cell formation to improve recovery from ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106130. [PMID: 37068641 PMCID: PMC10993857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial part of the healing process after an ischemic stroke and is required to restore tissue homeostasis. However, the inflammatory response to stroke also worsens neurodegeneration and creates a tissue environment that is unfavorable to regeneration for several months, thereby postponing recovery. In animal models, inflammation can also contribute to the development of delayed cognitive deficits. Myeloid cells that take on a foamy appearance are one of the most prominent immune cell types within chronic stroke infarcts. Emerging evidence indicates that they form as a result of mechanisms of myelin lipid clearance becoming overwhelmed, and that they are a key driver of the chronic inflammatory response to stroke. Therefore, targeting lipid accumulation in foam cells may be a promising strategy for improving recovery. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding inflammation and foam cell formation in the brain in the weeks and months following ischemic stroke and identify targets that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Zbesko
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States
| | - Jessica Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, United States
| | | | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychology, Arizona Center on Aging, and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, United States.
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17
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Peng S, Liu J, Liang C, Yang L, Wang G. Aquaporin-4 in glymphatic system, and its implication for central nervous system disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106035. [PMID: 36796590 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The clearance function is essential for maintaining brain tissue homeostasis, and the glymphatic system is the main pathway for removing brain interstitial solutes. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the most abundantly expressed aquaporin in the central nervous system (CNS) and is an integral component of the glymphatic system. In recent years, many studies have shown that AQP4 affects the morbidity and recovery process of CNS disorders through the glymphatic system, and AQP4 shows notable variability in CNS disorders and is part of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in AQP4 as a potential and promising target for regulating and improving neurological impairment. This review aims to summarize the pathophysiological role that AQP4 plays in several CNS disorders by affecting the clearance function of the glymphatic system. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of the self-regulatory functions in CNS disorders that AQP4 were involved in and provide new therapeutic alternatives for incurable debilitating neurodegenerative disorders of CNS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Peng
- 56 Xinjian southern St, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basical Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- 172 Tongzipo Rd, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Chuntian Liang
- 56 Xinjian southern St, Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- 56 Xinjian southern St, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basical Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Gaiqing Wang
- 56 Xinjian southern St, Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; 146 JieFang forth Rd, Department of Neurology, SanYa Central Hospital (Hainan Third People's Hospital), Hainan Medical University, SanYa, Hainan 572000, China.
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18
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Zhou HQ, Zhang LM, Li X, Huang ZH. Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Inflammation in Chronic Cerebral Ischaemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01336-6. [PMID: 36952071 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral ischaemia (CCI) is a high-incidence cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease that is very common in clinical practice. Although many pathogenic mechanisms have been explored, there is still great controversy among neuroscientists regarding the pathogenesis of CCI. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms of CCI occurrence and progression for the prevention and treatment of ischaemic cerebrovascular disorders. Autophagy and inflammation play vital roles in CCI, but the relationship between these two processes in this disease remains unknown. Here, we review the progression and discuss the functions, actions and pathways of autophagy and inflammation in CCI, including a comprehensive view of the transition from acute disease to CCI through ischaemic repair mechanisms. This review may provide a reference for future research and treatment of CCI. Schematic diagram of the interplay between autophagy and inflammation in CCI. CCI lead to serious, life-threatening complications. This review summarizes two factors in CCI, including autophagy and inflammation, which have been focused for the mechanisms of CCI. In short, the possible points of intersection are shown in the illustration. CCI, Chronic cerebral ischaemia; ER stress, Endoplasmic reticulum stress; ROS, Reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Neuroinflammation Research, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Li-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Neuroinflammation Research, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Neuroinflammation Research, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Neuroinflammation Research, Gannan Medical University, 1st Hexie Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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19
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Kalinichenko SG, Pushchin II, Matveeva NY. Neurotoxic and cytoprotective mechanisms in the ischemic neocortex. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 128:102230. [PMID: 36603664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal damage in ischemic stroke occurs due to permanent imbalance between the metabolic needs of the brain and the ability of the blood-vascular system to maintain glucose delivery and adequate gas exchange. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity trigger complex processes of neuroinflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis of both neurons and glial cells. This review summarizes data on the structural and chemical changes in the neocortex and main cytoprotective effects induced by focal ischemic stroke. We focus on the expression of neurotrophins (NT) and molecular and cellular changes in neurovascular units in ischemic brain. We also discuss how these factors affect the apoptosis of cortical cells. Ischemic damage involves close interaction of a wide range of signaling molecules, each acting as an efficient marker of cell state in both the ischemic core and penumbra. NTs play the main regulatory role in brain tissue recovery after ischemic injury. Heterogeneous distribution of the BDNF, NT-3, and GDNF immunoreactivity is concordant with the selective response of different types of cortical neurons and glia to ischemic injury and allows mapping the position of viable neurons. Astrocytes are the central link in neurovascular coupling in ischemic brain by providing other cells with a wide range of vasotropic factors. The NT expression coincides with the distribution of reactive astrocytes, marking the boundaries of the penumbra. The development of ischemic stroke is accompanied by a dramatic change in the distribution of GDNF reactivity. In early ischemic period, it is mainly observed in cortical neurons, while in late one, the bulk of GDNF-positive cells are various types of glia, in particular, astrocytes. The proportion of GDNF-positive astrocytes increases gradually throughout the ischemic period. Some factors that exert cytoprotective effects in early ischemic period may display neurotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects later on. The number of apoptotic cells in the ischemic brain tissue correlates with the BDNF levels, corroborating its protective effects. Cytoprotection and neuroplasticity are two lines of brain protection and recovery after ischemic stroke. NTs can be considered an important link in these processes. To develop efficient pharmacological therapy for ischemic brain injury, we have to deepen our understanding of neurochemical adaptation of brain tissue to acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Kalinichenko
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - Igor I Pushchin
- Laboratory of Physiology, A.V. Zhirmusky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
| | - Natalya Yu Matveeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
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20
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Cole KL, Findlay MC, Kundu M, Johansen C, Rawanduzy C, Lucke-Wold B. The Role of Advanced Imaging in Neurosurgical Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:2. [PMID: 36908971 PMCID: PMC10003679 DOI: 10.53964/jmmi.2023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurosurgery as a specialty has developed at a rapid pace as a result of the continual advancements in neuroimaging modalities. With more sophisticated imaging options available to the modern neurosurgeon, diagnoses become more accurate and at a faster rate, allowing for greater surgical planning and precision. Herein, the authors review the current heavily used imaging modalities within neurosurgery, weighing their strengths and weaknesses, and provide a look into new advances and imaging options within the field. Of the many imaging modalities currently available to the practicing neurosurgeon, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasonography (US) are used most heavily within the field for appropriate diagnosis of neuropathologies in question. For each, their strengths are weighed regarding appropriate capabilities in accurate diagnosis of cranial or spinal lesions. Reasoning for choosing one over the other for various pathologies is also reviewed. Current limitations of each is also assessed, providing insight for possible improvement for each. New advancements in imaging options are subsequently reviewed for best uses within neurosurgery, including the new utilization of FIESTA sequencing, glymphatic mapping, black-blood MRI, and functional MRI. The specialty of neurosurgery will continue to heavily rely on improvements within imaging options available for improved diagnosis and greater surgical outcomes for the patients treated. The synthesis of techniques provided herein may provide meaningful guidance for neurosurgeons in effectively diagnosing neurological pathologies while also helping guide future efforts in neuroimaging developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyril L Cole
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Mrinmoy Kundu
- Institute of Medical Sciences & Sum Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Cameron Rawanduzy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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21
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Tanikawa S, Ebisu Y, Sedlačík T, Semba S, Nonoyama T, Kurokawa T, Hirota A, Takahashi T, Yamaguchi K, Imajo M, Kato H, Nishimura T, Tanei ZI, Tsuda M, Nemoto T, Gong JP, Tanaka S. Engineering of an electrically charged hydrogel implanted into a traumatic brain injury model for stepwise neuronal tissue reconstruction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2233. [PMID: 36788295 PMCID: PMC9929269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural regeneration is extremely difficult to achieve. In traumatic brain injuries, the loss of brain parenchyma volume hinders neural regeneration. In this study, neuronal tissue engineering was performed by using electrically charged hydrogels composed of cationic and anionic monomers in a 1:1 ratio (C1A1 hydrogel), which served as an effective scaffold for the attachment of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the 3D environment of porous C1A1 hydrogels engineered by the cryogelation technique, NSCs differentiated into neuroglial cells. The C1A1 porous hydrogel was implanted into brain defects in a mouse traumatic damage model. The VEGF-immersed C1A1 porous hydrogel promoted host-derived vascular network formation together with the infiltration of macrophages/microglia and astrocytes into the gel. Furthermore, the stepwise transplantation of GFP-labeled NSCs supported differentiation towards glial and neuronal cells. Therefore, this two-step method for neural regeneration may become a new approach for therapeutic brain tissue reconstruction after brain damage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanikawa
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuki Ebisu
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomáš Sedlačík
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shingo Semba
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nonoyama
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Akira Hirota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Taiga Takahashi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazushi Yamaguchi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Masamichi Imajo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hinako Kato
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, Japan, 001-0021
| | - Takuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, Japan, 001-0021
| | - Zen-Ichi Tanei
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Biophotonics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan. .,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
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22
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Lan YL, Wang H, Chen A, Zhang J. Update on the current knowledge of lymphatic drainage system and its emerging roles in glioma management. Immunology 2023; 168:233-247. [PMID: 35719015 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The draining of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the subsequent draining of CSF to meningeal lymphatics is well-known. Nonetheless, its role in the development of glioma is a remarkable finding that has to be extensively understood. The glymphatic system (GS) collects CSF from the subarachnoid space and brain ISF through aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels. The glial limiting membrane and the perivascular astrocyte-end-feet membrane both have elevated levels of AQP4. CSF is thought to drain through the nerve sheaths of the olfactory and other cranial nerves as well as spinal meningeal lymphatics via dorsal or basal lymphatic vessels. Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) exist below the skull in the dorsal and basal regions. In this view, MLVs offer a pathway to drain macromolecules and traffic immunological cells from the CNS into cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), and thus can be used as a candidate curing strategy against glioma and other associated complications, such as neuro-inflammation. Taken together, the lymphatic drainage system could provide a route or approach for drug targeting of glioma and other neurological conditions. Nevertheless, its pathophysiological role in glioma remains elusive, which needs extensive research. The current review aims to explore the lymphatic drainage system, its role in glioma progression, and possible therapeutic techniques that target MLVs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Aiqin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Glial roles in sterile inflammation after ischemic stroke. Neurosci Res 2023; 187:67-71. [PMID: 36206952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, but there are a limited number of therapies that improve patients' functional recovery. The complicated mechanisms of post-stroke neuroinflammation, which is responsible for secondary ischemic neuronal damage, have been clarified by extensive research. Activation of microglia and astrocytes due to ischemic insults is implicated in the production of pro-inflammatory factors, formation of the glial scar, and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. This leads to the infiltration of leukocytes, which are activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to produce pro-inflammatory factors and induce additional neuronal damage. In this review, we focus on the glial mechanisms underlying sterile post-ischemic inflammation after stroke.
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24
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Cai X, He Q, Wang W, Li C, Wang H, Yin F, Li T, Kong D, Jia Y, Li H, Yan J, Wei X, Ren Q, Gao Y, Yang S, Tong H, Peng Y, Han H. Epidural Pulsation Accelerates the Drainage of Brain Interstitial Fluid. Aging Dis 2023; 14:219-228. [PMID: 36818558 PMCID: PMC9937704 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhindered transportation of substances in the brain extracellular space (ECS) is essential for maintaining brain function. Regulation of transportation is a novel strategy for treating ECS blockage-related brain diseases, but few techniques have been developed to date. In this study, we established a novel approach for accelerating the drainage of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) in the ECS using minimally invasive surgery, in which a branch of the external carotid artery is separated and implanted epidurally (i.e., epidural arterial implantation [EAI]) to promote a pulsation effect on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the frontoparietal region. Tracer-based magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the changes in ISF drainage in rats 7 and 15 days post-EAI. The drainage of the traced ISF from the caudate nucleus to ipsilateral cortex was significantly accelerated by EAI. Significant increases in the volume fraction of the ECS and molecular diffusion rate were demonstrated using the DECS-mapping technique, which may account for the mechanisms underlying the changes in brain ISF. This study provides a novel perspective for encephalopathy treatment via the brain ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Cai
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment and Technique, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingyuan He
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment and Technique, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace Clinical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace Clinical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongsheng Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yajuan Gao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment and Technique, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaiyu Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Hongbin Han, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Huaiyu Tong, First Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China. , Dr. Yun Peng, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China. .
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Hongbin Han, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Huaiyu Tong, First Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China. , Dr. Yun Peng, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China. .
| | - Hongbin Han
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment and Technique, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Hongbin Han, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. ; Dr. Huaiyu Tong, First Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China. , Dr. Yun Peng, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China. .
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25
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Tønnesen J, Hrabĕtová S, Soria FN. Local diffusion in the extracellular space of the brain. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105981. [PMID: 36581229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain extracellular space (ECS) is a vast interstitial reticulum of extreme morphological complexity, composed of narrow gaps separated by local expansions, enabling interconnected highways between neural cells. Constituting on average 20% of brain volume, the ECS is key for intercellular communication, and understanding its diffusional properties is of paramount importance for understanding the brain. Within the ECS, neuroactive substances travel predominantly by diffusion, spreading through the interstitial fluid and the extracellular matrix scaffold after being focally released. The nanoscale dimensions of the ECS render it unresolvable by conventional live tissue compatible imaging methods, and historically diffusion of tracers has been used to indirectly infer its structure. Novel nanoscopic imaging techniques now show that the ECS is a highly dynamic compartment, and that diffusivity in the ECS is more heterogeneous than anticipated, with great variability across brain regions and physiological states. Diffusion is defined primarily by the local ECS geometry, and secondarily by the viscosity of the interstitial fluid, including the obstructive and binding properties of the extracellular matrix. ECS volume fraction and tortuosity both strongly determine diffusivity, and each can be independently regulated e.g. through alterations in glial morphology and the extracellular matrix composition. Here we aim to provide an overview of our current understanding of the ECS and its diffusional properties. We highlight emerging technological advances to respectively interrogate and model diffusion through the ECS, and point out how these may contribute in resolving the remaining enigmas of the ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tønnesen
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Sabina Hrabĕtová
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Federico N Soria
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
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26
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Yan JH, Wang YJ, Sun YR, Pei YH, Ma HW, Mu YK, Qin LH. The lymphatic drainage systems in the brain: a novel target for ischemic stroke? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:485-491. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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27
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Sangalli L, Boggero IA. The impact of sleep components, quality and patterns on glymphatic system functioning in healthy adults: A systematic review. Sleep Med 2023; 101:322-349. [PMID: 36481512 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The glymphatic system is thought to be responsible for waste clearance in the brain. As it is primarily active during sleep, different components of sleep, subjective sleep quality, and sleep patterns may contribute to glymphatic functioning. This systematic review aimed at exploring the effect of sleep components, sleep quality, and sleep patterns on outcomes associated with the glymphatic system in healthy adults. METHODS PubMed®, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published in English until December 2021. Articles subjectively or objectively investigating sleep components (total sleep time, time in bed, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, wake-up after sleep onset, sleep stage, awakenings), sleep quality, or sleep pattern in healthy individuals, on outcomes associated with glymphatic system (levels of amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein; cerebrospinal fluid, perivascular spaces; apolipoprotein E) were selected. RESULTS Out of 8359 records screened, 51 studies were included. Overall, contradictory findings were observed according to different sleep assessment method. The most frequently assessed sleep parameters were total sleep time, sleep quality, and sleep efficiency. No association was found between sleep efficiency and amyloid-β, and between slow-wave activity and tau. Most of the studies did not find any correlation between total sleep time and amyloid-β nor tau level. Opposing results correlated sleep quality with amyloid-β and tau. CONCLUSIONS This review highlighted inconsistent results across the studies; as such, the specific association between the glymphatic system and sleep parameters in healthy adults remains poorly understood. Due to the heterogeneity of sleep assessment methods and the self-reported data representing the majority of the observations, future studies with universal study design and sleep methodology in healthy individuals are advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sangalli
- Department of Oral Health Science, Division of Orofacial Pain, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA.
| | - I A Boggero
- Department of Oral Health Science, Division of Orofacial Pain, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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28
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Soligo M, Manni L, Conti G, Chiaretti A. Intranasal nerve growth factor for prevention and recovery of the outcomes of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:773-778. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.354513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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29
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zeng F, Yan S, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhou D, Liu L. The role of circadian clock in astrocytes: From cellular functions to ischemic stroke therapeutic targets. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1013027. [PMID: 36570843 PMCID: PMC9772621 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1013027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes, the abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), play a critical role in maintaining the immune response after cerebral infarction, regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), providing nutrients to the neurons, and reuptake of glutamate. The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that controls and optimizes biological processes. The central circadian clock and the peripheral clock are consistent, controlled by various circadian components, and participate in the pathophysiological process of astrocytes. Existing evidence shows that circadian rhythm controls the regulation of inflammatory responses by astrocytes in ischemic stroke (IS), regulates the repair of the BBB, and plays an essential role in a series of pathological processes such as neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. In this review, we highlight the importance of astrocytes in IS and discuss the potential role of the circadian clock in influencing astrocyte pathophysiology. A comprehensive understanding of the ability of the circadian clock to regulate astrocytes after stroke will improve our ability to predict the targets and biological functions of the circadian clock and gain insight into the basis of its intervention mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fukang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,The Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Desheng Zhou,
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Lijuan Liu,
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30
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Morrison HW, White MM, Rothers JL, Taylor-Piliae RE. Examining the Associations between Post-Stroke Cognitive Function and Common Comorbid Conditions among Stroke Survivors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13445. [PMID: 36294026 PMCID: PMC9603222 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A considerable complication for stroke survivors is the subsequent development of cognitive decline or dementia. In this study, the relationship between the inflammation-centered comorbidity burden on post-stroke cognitive function among community-dwelling stroke survivors capable of independent living was examined. Data for this secondary analysis were collected from stroke survivors (n = 97) participating in a randomized clinical trial. Participants provided baseline responses, regarding cognitive function (mini-mental status exam, MMSE; Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA), history of stroke comorbid conditions, and the Stroke Prognosis Instrument-II (SPI-II), an index of stroke comorbidity and recurrent stroke risk within the next two years. Relationships and differences between groups were tested for significance using Spearman's correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, or Mann-Whitney U tests. Most stroke survivors (69%) had multiple comorbidities. Total SPI-II scores were negatively correlated to both MoCA and MMSE scores (r = -0.25, p = 0.01; r = -0.22, p = 0.03, respectively), and differences in MoCA scores among SPI-II risk groups (low, medium, high) were evident (p = 0.05). In contrast, there were no differences in MoCA or MMSE scores when comorbid conditions were examined individually. Lastly, no gender differences were evident in cognitive assessments. Our data support the premise that comorbidity's burden impacts post-stroke cognitive decline, more than a single comorbid condition. Inflammation may be an important component of this comorbidity burden. Future studies that operationalize this concept will better illuminate the complex phenomenon of post-stroke cognitive decline for improved clinical rehabilitation modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa M. White
- El Paso Veteran’s Administration Healthcare System, El Paso, TX 79930, USA
| | - Janet L. Rothers
- BIO5 Institute Statistics Consulting Lab, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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31
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The glymphatic system: implications for drugs for central nervous system diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:763-779. [PMID: 35948785 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept, cerebrospinal fluid flows directionally through the brain and non-selectively clears the interstitium of metabolic waste. Importantly, the glymphatic system may be modulated by particular drugs such as anaesthetics, as well as by non-pharmacological factors such as sleep, and its dysfunction has been implicated in central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer disease. Although the glymphatic system is best described in rodents, reports using multiple neuroimaging modalities indicate that a similar transport system exists in the human brain. Here, we overview the evidence for the glymphatic system and its role in disease and discuss opportunities to harness the glymphatic system therapeutically; for example, by improving the effectiveness of intrathecally delivered drugs.
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32
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Li G, Cao Y, Tang X, Huang J, Cai L, Zhou L. The meningeal lymphatic vessels and the glymphatic system: Potential therapeutic targets in neurological disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1364-1382. [PMID: 35484910 PMCID: PMC9274866 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221098145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) and glymphatic pathways has challenged the long-lasting dogma that the central nervous system (CNS) lacks a lymphatic system and therefore does not interact with peripheral immunity. This discovery has reshaped our understanding of mechanisms underlying CNS drainage. Under normal conditions, a close connection between mLVs and the glymphatic system enables metabolic waste removal, immune cell trafficking, and CNS immune surveillance. Dysfunction of the glymphatic-mLV system can lead to toxic protein accumulation in the brain, and it contributes to the development of a series of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The identification of precise cerebral transport routes is based mainly on indirect, invasive imaging of animals, and the results cannot always be applied to humans. Here we review the functions of the glymphatic-mLV system and evidence for its involvement in some CNS diseases. We focus on emerging noninvasive imaging techniques to evaluate the human glymphatic-mLV system and their potential for preclinical diagnosis and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Potential strategies that target the glymphatic-mLV system in order to treat and prevent neurological disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Second People's hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Cai
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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33
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Dwyer LJ, Stowe AM, Doyle K, Popovich P, Engler-Chiurazzi E, LeGuern C, Buckwalter MS, Poznansky MC, Sîrbulescu RF. The 2022 FASEB virtual Catalyst Conference on B Cells in Injury and Regeneration, March 30, 2022. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22459. [PMID: 35857314 PMCID: PMC9337863 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam J. Dwyer
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann M. Stowe
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kristian Doyle
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Phillip Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Christian LeGuern
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark C. Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding authors Ruxandra F. Sîrbulescu, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, ; Mark C. Poznansky, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129,
| | - Ruxandra F. Sîrbulescu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding authors Ruxandra F. Sîrbulescu, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, ; Mark C. Poznansky, Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129,
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Evaluation of the Glymphatic System Using the DTI-ALPS Index in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2694316. [PMID: 35847591 PMCID: PMC9277160 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2694316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the function of the human glymphatic system (GS) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) using diffusion tensor imaging analysis along with the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS). Methods Twenty patients with sICH and 31 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for DTI and susceptibility-weighted imaging scanning. The diffusivity along the perivascular spaces, as well as the projection fibres and association fibres, was evaluated separately. The DTI-ALPS index of each subject was also calculated. Two-sample t-tests and paired t-tests were performed to analyse the difference in ALPS scores between patients and HCs, as well as that between the lesion side and contralateral side. Pearson correlation analysis was used to observe the relationship between disease duration and GS function. Results The DTI-ALPS index on the lesion side was significantly lower than that of the contralateral side in patients with sICH (p < 0.01, t = −5.77), and it was also significantly lower than that of the ipsilateral side of HCs (p < 0.01, t = −9.50). No significant differences were found in the DTI-ALPS index on the nonlesion side between patients and HCs (p = 0.96, t = 0.05) or between the left and right cerebral hemispheres of HCs (p = 0.41, t = −0.83). The DTI-ALPS index of the lesion side in patients with sICH was significantly correlated with disease duration (p = 0.018, r = 0.537). Conclusions The present study confirmed that GS dysfunction on the ipsilateral side of the lesion is impaired in patients with haemorrhagic stroke, indicating that the GS may be a separate system in the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The DTI-ALPS index can reflect disease duration. These findings have significant implications for understanding sICH from a new perspective.
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Sun C, Lin L, Yin L, Hao X, Tian J, Zhang X, Ren Y, Li C, Yang Y. Acutely Inhibiting AQP4 With TGN-020 Improves Functional Outcome by Attenuating Edema and Peri-Infarct Astrogliosis After Cerebral Ischemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870029. [PMID: 35592320 PMCID: PMC9110854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of human death and disability. Brain edema and peri-infarct astrocyte reactivity are crucial pathological changes, both involving aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Studies revealed that acute inhibition of AQP4 after stroke diminishes brain edema, however, its effect on peri-infarct astrocyte reactivity and the subacute outcome is unclear. And if diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) could reflect the AQP4 expression patterns is uncertain. Methods Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and allocated randomly to TGN 020-treated and control groups. One day after stroke, brain swelling and lesion volumes of the rats were checked using T2-weighted imaging (T2-WI). Fourteen days after stroke, the rats successively underwent neurological examination, T2-WI and DWI with standard b-values and ultra-high b-values, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated correspondingly. Finally, the rats’ brains were acquired and used for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and AQP4 immunoreactive analysis. Results At 1 day after stroke, the TGN-020-treated animals exhibited reduced brain swelling and lesion volumes compared with those in the control group. At 14 days after stroke, the TGN-020-treated animals showed fewer neurological function deficits and smaller lesion volumes. In the peri-infarct region, the control group showed evident astrogliosis and AQP4 depolarization, which were reduced significantly in the TGN-020 group. In addition, the ultra-high b-values of ADC (ADCuh) in the peri-infarct region of the TGN-020 group was higher than that of the control group. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that peri-infarct AQP4 polarization correlated negatively with astrogliosis extent, and ADCuh correlated positively with AQP4 polarization. Conclusion We found that acutely inhibiting AQP4 using TGN-020 promoted neurological recovery by diminishing brain edema at the early stage and attenuating peri-infarct astrogliosis and AQP4 depolarization at the subacute stage after stroke. Moreover, ADCuh could reflect the AQP4 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Sun
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyi Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lekang Yin
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhu Hao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Tian
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanchan Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang D, Li X, Li B. Glymphatic System Dysfunction in Central Nervous System Diseases and Mood Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:873697. [PMID: 35547631 PMCID: PMC9082304 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.873697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system, a recently discovered macroscopic waste removal system in the brain, has many unknown aspects, especially its driving forces and relationship with sleep, and thus further explorations of the relationship between the glymphatic system and a variety of possible related diseases are urgently needed. Here, we focus on the progress in current research on the role of the glymphatic system in several common central nervous system diseases and mood disorders, discuss the structural and functional abnormalities of the glymphatic system which may occur before or during the pathophysiological progress and the possible underlying mechanisms. We emphasize the relationship between sleep and the glymphatic system under pathological conditions and summarize the common imaging techniques for the glymphatic system currently available. The perfection of the glymphatic system hypothesis and the exploration of the effects of aging and endocrine factors on the central and peripheral regulatory pathways through the glymphatic system still require exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Zhang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Han G, Song L, Ding Z, Wang Q, Yan Y, Huang J, Ma C. The Important Double-Edged Role of Astrocytes in Neurovascular Unit After Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:833431. [PMID: 35462697 PMCID: PMC9021601 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.833431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neurovascular unit (NVU) which is composed of neurons, astrocytes (Ast), microglia (MG), vascular cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), has become an attractive field in ischemic stroke. As the important component of NVU, Ast closely interacts with other constituents, which has been playing double-edged sword roles, beneficial or detrimental after ischemic stroke. Based on the pathophysiological changes, we evaluated some strategies for targeting Ast in treating ischemic stroke. The present review is focused on the roles of Ast in NVU and its complex signaling molecular network after ischemic stroke, which may be a prospective approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases in central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Han
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Song,
| | - Zhibin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Yuqing Yan,
| | - Jianjun Huang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
- Jianjun Huang,
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Cungen Ma,
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Tang T, Hu L, Liu Y, Fu X, Li J, Yan F, Cao S, Chen G. Sex-Associated Differences in Neurovascular Dysfunction During Ischemic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:860959. [PMID: 35431804 PMCID: PMC9012443 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.860959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular units (NVUs) are basic functional units in the central nervous system and include neurons, astrocytes and vascular compartments. Ischemic stroke triggers not only neuronal damage, but also dissonance of intercellular crosstalk within the NVU. Stroke is sexually dimorphic, but the sex-associated differences involved in stroke-induced neurovascular dysfunction are studied in a limited extend. Preclinical studies have found that in rodent models of stroke, females have less neuronal loss, stronger repairing potential of astrocytes and more stable vascular conjunction; these properties are highly related to the cerebroprotective effects of female hormones. However, in humans, these research findings may be applicable only to premenopausal stroke patients. Women who have had a stroke usually have poorer outcomes compared to men, and because stoke is age-related, hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women may exacerbate stroke symptoms, which contradicts the findings of most preclinical studies. This stark contrast between clinical and laboratory findings suggests that understanding of neurovascular differences between the sexes is limited. Actually, apart from gonadal hormones, differences in neuroinflammation as well as genetics and epigenetics promote the sexual dimorphism of NVU functions. In this review, we summarize the confirmed sex-associated differences in NVUs during ischemic stroke and the possible contributing mechanisms. We also describe the gap between clinical and preclinical studies in terms of sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shenglong Cao,
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Gao Chen,
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Huang YY, Chen SD, Leng XY, Kuo K, Wang ZT, Cui M, Tan L, Wang K, Dong Q, Yu JT. Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Management. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:983-999. [PMID: 35147548 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stroke, characterized as a neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause, is very common in older adults. Increasing evidence suggests stroke contributes to the risk and severity of cognitive impairment. People with cognitive impairment following stroke often face with quality-of-life issues and require ongoing support, which have a profound effect on caregivers and society. The high morbidity of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) demands effective management strategies, in which preventive strategies are more appealing, especially those targeting towards modifiable risk factors. In this review article, we attempt to summarize existing evidence and knowledge gaps on PSCI: elaborating on the heterogeneity in current definitions, reporting the inconsistent findings in PSCI prevalence in the literature, exploring established or less established predictors, outlining prevention and treatment strategies potentially effective or currently being tested, and proposing promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Xin-Yi Leng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Kuo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
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Bai S, Lu X, Pan Q, Wang B, Pong U K, Yang Y, Wang H, Lin S, Feng L, Wang Y, Li Y, Lin W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Li L, Yang Z, Wang M, Lee WYW, Jiang X, Li G. Cranial Bone Transport Promotes Angiogenesis, Neurogenesis, and Modulates Meningeal Lymphatic Function in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rats. Stroke 2022; 53:1373-1385. [PMID: 35135326 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.037912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. However, the time window for quickly dissolving clots and restoring cerebral blood flow, using tissue plasminogen activator treatment is rather limited, resulting in many patients experiencing long-term functional impairments if not death. This study aims to determine the roles of cranial bone transport (CBT), a novel, effective, and simple surgical technique, in the recovery of ischemic stroke using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. METHODS CBT was performed by slowly sliding a bone segment in skull with a special frame and a speed of 0.25 mm/12 hours for 10 days following MCAO. Morris water maze, rotarod test, and catwalk gait analysis were used to study the neurological behaviors, and infarct area and cerebral flow were evaluated during CBT process. Immunofluorescence staining of CD31 and Nestin/Sox2 (sex determining region Y box 2) was performed to study the angiogenesis and neurogenesis. OVA-A647 (ovalbumin-Alexa Fluor 647) was intracisterna magna injected to evaluate the meningeal lymphatic drainage function. RESULTS CBT treatment has significantly reduced the ischemic lesions areas and improved the neurological deficits in MCAO rats compared with the rats in the control groups. CBT treatment significantly promoted angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the brain of MCAO rats. The drainage function of meningeal lymphatic vessels in MCAO rats was significantly impaired compared with normal rats. Ablation of meningeal lymphatic drainage led to increased neuroinflammation and aggravated neurological deficits and ischemic injury in MCAO rats. CBT treatment significantly improved the meningeal lymphatic drainage function and alleviated T-cell infiltration in MCAO rats. CONCLUSIONS This study provided evidence for the possible mechanisms on how CBT attenuates ischemic stroke injury and facilitates rapid neuronal function recovery, suggesting that CBT may be an alternative treatment strategy for managing ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Xuan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China (Q.P.)
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Kin Pong U
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (K.P.U., X.J.)
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Yucong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Linlong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Zhengmeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (K.P.U., X.J.)
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China (S.B., X.L., B.W., Y.Y., H.W., S.L., L.F., Yan Wang, Yucong Li, W.L., Yujia Wang, X.Z., Yuan Li, L.L., Z.Y., M.W., W.Y.-W.L., G.L.)
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Nguyen TVV, Crumpacker RH, Calderon KE, Garcia FG, Zbesko JC, Frye JB, Gonzalez S, Becktel DA, Yang T, Tavera-Garcia MA, Morrison HW, Schnellmann RG, Longo FM, Doyle KP. Post-Stroke Administration of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Modulator, LM11A-31, Attenuates Chronic Changes in Brain Metabolism, Increases Neurotransmitter Levels, and Improves Recovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 380:126-141. [PMID: 34893553 PMCID: PMC11048261 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether poststroke oral administration of a small molecule p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) modulator (LM11A-31) can augment neuronal survival and improve recovery in a mouse model of stroke. Mice were administered LM11A-31 for up to 12 weeks, beginning 1 week after stroke. Metabolomic analysis revealed that after 2 weeks of daily treatment, mice that received LM11A-31 were distinct from vehicle-treated mice by principal component analysis and had higher levels of serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine in their ipsilateral hemisphere. LM11A-31 treatment also improved redox homeostasis by restoring reduced glutathione. It also offset a stroke-induced reduction in glycolysis by increasing acetyl-CoA. There was no effect on cytokine levels in the infarct. At 13 weeks after stroke, adaptive immune cell infiltration in the infarct was unchanged in LM11A-31-treated mice, indicating that LM11A-31 does not alter the chronic inflammatory response to stroke at the site of the infarct. However, LM11A-31-treated mice had less brain atrophy, neurodegeneration, tau pathology, and microglial activation in other regions of the ipsilateral hemisphere. These findings correlated with improved recovery of motor function on a ladder test, improved sensorimotor and cognitive abilities on a nest construction test, and less impulsivity in an open field test. These data support small molecule modulation of the p75NTR for preserving neuronal health and function during stroke recovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The findings from this study introduce the p75 neurotrophin receptor as a novel small molecule target for promotion of stroke recovery. Given that LM11A-31 is in clinical trials as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease, it could be considered as a candidate for assessment in stroke or vascular dementia studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Vi V Nguyen
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Rachel H Crumpacker
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Kylie E Calderon
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Frankie G Garcia
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Jacob C Zbesko
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Jennifer B Frye
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Selena Gonzalez
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Danielle A Becktel
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Marco A Tavera-Garcia
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Helena W Morrison
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
| | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., R.H.C., K.E.C., F.G.G., J.C.Z., J.B.F., D.A.B., M.A.T.-G.), Department of Neurology (T.-V.V.N., K.P.D., S.G.), College of Nursing (H.W.M.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.G.S.), and Arizona Center on Aging (K.P.D.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California (T.Y., F.M.L.); and Southern Arizona Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona (R.G.S.)
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Chovsepian A, Berchtold D, Winek K, Mamrak U, Ramírez Álvarez I, Dening Y, Golubczyk D, Weitbrecht L, Dames C, Aillery M, Fernandez‐Sanz C, Gajewski Z, Dieterich M, Janowski M, Falkai P, Walczak P, Plesnila N, Meisel A, Pan‐Montojo F. A Primeval Mechanism of Tolerance to Desiccation Based on Glycolic Acid Saves Neurons in Mammals from Ischemia by Reducing Intracellular Calcium-Mediated Excitotoxicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103265. [PMID: 34904402 PMCID: PMC8811841 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Current treatments, such as pharmacological thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, reopen occluded arteries but do not protect against ischemia-induced damage that occurs before reperfusion or neuronal damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion. It has been shown that disrupting the conversion of glyoxal to glycolic acid (GA) results in a decreased tolerance to anhydrobiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva and that GA itself can rescue this phenotype. During the process of desiccation/rehydration, a metabolic stop/start similar to the one observed during ischemia/reperfusion occurs. In this study, the protective effect of GA is tested in different ischemia models, i.e., in commonly used stroke models in mice and swine. The results show that GA, given during reperfusion, strongly protects against ischemic damage and improves functional outcome. Evidence that GA exerts its effect by counteracting the glutamate-dependent increase in intracellular calcium during excitotoxicity is provided. These results suggest that GA treatment has the potential to reduce mortality and disability in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chovsepian
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
| | - Daniel Berchtold
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Katarzyna Winek
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
- Present address:
Present address: Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain SciencesHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem9190401Israel
| | - Uta Mamrak
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke ResearchInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University of Munich Medical CenterFeodor‐Lynen‐Strasse 1781377MunichGermany
| | - Inés Ramírez Álvarez
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
| | - Yanina Dening
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
| | | | - Luis Weitbrecht
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Claudia Dames
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Marine Aillery
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
- Present address:
Present address: SeppicÎle‐de‐FranceLa Garenne‐Colombes92250France
| | - Celia Fernandez‐Sanz
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
- Present address:
Present address: Center for Translational MedicineDepartment of MedicineThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19107USA
| | - Zdzislaw Gajewski
- Center for Translational MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw02‐787Poland
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Program in Image Guided NeurointerventionsDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Program in Image Guided NeurointerventionsDepartment of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD21201USA
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Laboratory of Experimental Stroke ResearchInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)University of Munich Medical CenterFeodor‐Lynen‐Strasse 1781377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Department of NeurologyNeuroCure Clinical Research CenterCenter for Stroke ResearchCharité University MedicineCharitéplatz 110117BerlinGermany
| | - Francisco Pan‐Montojo
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalNussbaumstrasse. 780336MunichGermany
- Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilian University HospitalMarchioninstrasse. 1581377MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilian University Munich81377MunichGermany
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Becktel DA, Zbesko JC, Frye JB, Chung AG, Hayes M, Calderon K, Grover JW, Li A, Garcia FG, Tavera-Garcia MA, Schnellmann RG, Wu HJJ, Nguyen TVV, Doyle KP. Repeated Administration of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) Attenuates the Chronic Inflammatory Response to Experimental Stroke. J Neurosci 2022; 42:325-348. [PMID: 34819339 PMCID: PMC8802936 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0933-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 67 million people are living with the effects of ischemic stroke. Importantly, many stroke survivors develop a chronic inflammatory response that may contribute to cognitive impairment, a common and debilitating sequela of stroke that is insufficiently studied and currently untreatable. 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) is an FDA-approved cyclic oligosaccharide that can solubilize and entrap lipophilic substances. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the repeated administration of HPβCD curtails the chronic inflammatory response to stroke by reducing lipid accumulation within stroke infarcts in a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model of stroke. To achieve this goal, we subcutaneously injected young adult and aged male mice with vehicle or HPβCD 3 times per week, with treatment beginning 1 week after stroke. We evaluated mice at 7 weeks following stroke using immunostaining, RNA sequencing, lipidomic, and behavioral analyses. Chronic stroke infarct and peri-infarct regions of HPβCD-treated mice were characterized by an upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and a downregulation of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, reactive astrogliosis, and chemotaxis. Correspondingly, HPβCD reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and plasma cells in stroke infarcts. Repeated administration of HPβCD also preserved NeuN immunoreactivity in the striatum and thalamus and c-Fos immunoreactivity in hippocampal regions. Additionally, HPβCD improved recovery through the protection of hippocampal-dependent spatial working memory and reduction of impulsivity. These results indicate that systemic HPβCD treatment following stroke attenuates chronic inflammation and secondary neurodegeneration and prevents poststroke cognitive decline.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dementia is a common and debilitating sequela of stroke. Currently, there are no available treatments for poststroke dementia. Our study shows that lipid metabolism is disrupted in chronic stroke infarcts, which causes an accumulation of uncleared lipid debris and correlates with a chronic inflammatory response. To our knowledge, these substantial changes in lipid homeostasis have not been previously recognized or investigated in the context of ischemic stroke. We also provide a proof of principle that solubilizing and entrapping lipophilic substances using HPβCD could be an effective strategy for treating chronic inflammation after stroke and other CNS injuries. We propose that using HPβCD for the prevention of poststroke dementia could improve recovery and increase long-term quality of life in stroke sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Becktel
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Jacob C Zbesko
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Jennifer B Frye
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Amanda G Chung
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Megan Hayes
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Kylie Calderon
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Jeffrey W Grover
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Anna Li
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Frankie G Garcia
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | | | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Hsin-Jung Joyce Wu
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Thuy-Vi V Nguyen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
| | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85719
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Toh CH, Siow TY. Glymphatic Dysfunction in Patients With Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:756249. [PMID: 34819849 PMCID: PMC8606520 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.756249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Rodent experiments have provided some insight into the changes of glymphatic function in ischemic stroke. The diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method offers an opportunity for the noninvasive investigation of the glymphatic system in patients with ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the changes of glymphatic function in ischemic stroke and the factors associated with the changes. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients (mean age 56.7 years; 30 men) and 44 normal subjects (mean age 53.3 years; 23 men) who had preoperative diffusion-tensor imaging for calculation of the analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index were retrospectively included. Information collected from each patient included sex, age, time since stroke onset, infarct location, hemorrhagic change, infarct volume, infarct apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), infarct fractional anisotropy (FA), and ALPS index of both hemispheres. Interhemispheric differences in ALPS index (infarct side vs. contralateral normal side) were assessed with a paired t-test in all patients. ALPS index was normalized by calculating ALPS ratios (right-to-left and left-to-right) for comparisons between patients and normal subjects. Comparisons of ALPS ratios between patients and normal subjects were performed using analysis of covariance with adjustments for age and sex. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the ALPS index. Results: In patients, the mean ALPS index ipsilateral to infarct was 1.162 ± 0.126, significantly lower (P < 0.001) than that of the contralateral side (1.335 ± 0.160). The right-to-left ALPS index ratio of patients with right cerebral infarct was 0.84 ± 0.08, significantly lower (P < 0.001) than that of normal subjects (0.95 ± 0.07). The left-to-right ALPS ratio of patients with left cerebral infarct was 0.92 ± 0.09, significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that of normal subjects (1.05 ± 0.08). On multiple linear regression analysis, time since stroke onset (β = 0.794, P < 0.001) was the only factor associated with the ALPS index. Conclusion: The ALPS index showed lower values in ischemic stroke suggesting impaired glymphatic function. Following initial impairment, the ALPS index increased with the time since stroke onset, which is suggestive of glymphatic function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hong Toh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tiing Yee Siow
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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45
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Yawoot N, Sengking J, Wicha P, Govitrapong P, Tocharus C, Tocharus J. Melatonin attenuates reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury mediated by GSK-3β and RIP1K. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1818-1832. [PMID: 34825376 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Even though astrocytes have been widely reported to support several brain functions, studies have emerged that they exert deleterious effects on the brain after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of melatonin on the processes of reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, as well as axonal regeneration after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated, I/R, I/R treated with melatonin, and I/R treated with edaravone. All drugs were administered via intraperitoneal injection at the onset of reperfusion and were continued until the rats were sacrificed on Day 7 or 14 after the surgery. Melatonin presented long-term benefits on cerebral damage after I/R injury, as demonstrated by a decreased infarct volume, histopathological changes, and reduced neuronal cell death. We also found that melatonin attenuated reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation and, consequently, enhanced axonal regeneration and promoted neurobehavioral recovery. Furthermore, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein 1 kinase (RIP1K), which had previously been revealed as proteins involved in astrocyte responses, were significantly reduced after melatonin administration. Taken together, melatonin effectively counteracted the deleterious effects due to astrocyte responses and improved axonal regeneration to promote functional recovery during the chronic phase of cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting GSK-3β and RIP1K activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapong Yawoot
- Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirakhamon Sengking
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piyawadee Wicha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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The Feasibility of Tai Chi Exercise as a Beneficial Mind-Body Intervention in a Group of Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors with Symptoms of Depression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8600443. [PMID: 34765010 PMCID: PMC8577891 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8600443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression is prevalent among one-third to two-thirds of acute and chronic stroke survivors. Despite the availability of pharmacotherapies and/or psychotherapies, depression persists, even for 5–10 years after stroke, reflecting limited treatment responses and/or adherence to this conventional care. Mind-body interventions are commonly used among adults to ameliorate depressive symptoms. Thus, the feasibility of Tai Chi, alongside conventional care, to manage poststroke depression was investigated using a single-group pre-post intervention design. Recruitment and retention, intervention adherence, safety, acceptability, and fidelity were assessed. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using standardized questionnaires, objective sleep was assessed via a research-grade triaxial accelerometer, and blood samples were taken to measure oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and a neurotrophic growth factor using commercially available kits per manufacturer's protocol. Pre-post intervention changes were assessed using paired t-tests. We enrolled stroke survivors (N = 11, mean age = 69.7 ± 9.3) reporting depression symptoms. After the intervention, we observed significant reductions in symptoms of depression (−5.3 ± 5.9, p=0.01), anxiety (−2.2 ± 2.4, p=0.01), and stress (−4.6 ± 4.8, p=0.01), along with better sleep efficiency (+1.8 ± 1.8, p=0.01), less wakefulness after sleep onset (−9.3 ± 11.6, p=0.04), and less time awake (−9.3 ± 11.6, p=0.04). There was a 36% decrease in oxidative stress (p=0.02), though no significant changes in the other biomarkers were found (all p values >0.05). Tai Chi exercise is a feasible intervention that can be used alongside conventional care to manage poststroke depression, aid in reducing symptoms of anxiety and stress, and improve sleep.
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Damian C, Ghuman H, Mauney C, Azar R, Reinartz J, Badylak SF, Modo M. Post-Stroke Timing of ECM Hydrogel Implantation Affects Biodegradation and Tissue Restoration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111372. [PMID: 34768800 PMCID: PMC8583606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel promotes tissue regeneration in lesion cavities after stroke. However, a bioscaffold's regenerative potential needs to be considered in the context of the evolving pathological environment caused by a stroke. To evaluate this key issue in rats, ECM hydrogel was delivered to the lesion core/cavity at 7-, 14-, 28-, and 90-days post-stroke. Due to a lack of tissue cavitation 7-days post-stroke, implantation of ECM hydrogel did not achieve a sufficient volume and distribution to warrant comparison with the other time points. Biodegradation of ECM hydrogel implanted 14- and 28-days post-stroke were efficiently (80%) degraded by 14-days post-bioscaffold implantation, whereas implantation 90-days post-stroke revealed only a 60% decrease. Macrophage invasion was robust at 14- and 28-days post-stroke but reduced in the 90-days post-stroke condition. The pro-inflammation (M1) and pro-repair (M2) phenotype ratios were equivalent at all time points, suggesting that the pathological environment determines macrophage invasion, whereas ECM hydrogel defines their polarization. Neural cells (neural progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes) were found at all time points, but a 90-days post-stroke implantation resulted in reduced densities of mature phenotypes. Brain tissue restoration is therefore dependent on an efficient delivery of a bioscaffold to a tissue cavity, with 28-days post-stroke producing the most efficient biodegradation and tissue regeneration, whereas by 90-days post-stroke, these effects are significantly reduced. Improving our understanding of how the pathological environment influences biodegradation and the tissue restoration process is hence essential to devise engineering strategies that could extend the therapeutic window for bioscaffolds to repair the damaged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Damian
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (C.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Harmanvir Ghuman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (H.G.); (R.A.); (S.F.B.)
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Carrinton Mauney
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (C.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Reem Azar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (H.G.); (R.A.); (S.F.B.)
| | - Janina Reinartz
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (H.G.); (R.A.); (S.F.B.)
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (H.G.); (R.A.); (S.F.B.)
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(412)-383-7200
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Salman MM, Kitchen P, Halsey A, Wang MX, Törnroth-Horsefield S, Conner AC, Badaut J, Iliff JJ, Bill RM. Emerging roles for dynamic aquaporin-4 subcellular relocalization in CNS water homeostasis. Brain 2021; 145:64-75. [PMID: 34499128 PMCID: PMC9088512 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin channels facilitate bidirectional water flow in all cells and tissues.
AQP4 is highly expressed in astrocytes. In the CNS, it is enriched in astrocyte
endfeet, at synapses, and at the glia limitans, where it mediates water exchange
across the blood–spinal cord and blood–brain barriers (BSCB/BBB),
and controls cell volume, extracellular space volume, and astrocyte migration.
Perivascular enrichment of AQP4 at the BSCB/BBB suggests a role in glymphatic
function. Recently, we have demonstrated that AQP4 localization is also
dynamically regulated at the subcellular level, affecting membrane water
permeability. Ageing, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic CNS injury, and sleep
disruption are established and emerging risk factors in developing
neurodegeneration, and in animal models of each, impairment of glymphatic
function is associated with changes in perivascular AQP4 localization. CNS
oedema is caused by passive water influx through AQP4 in response to osmotic
imbalances. We have demonstrated that reducing dynamic relocalization of AQP4 to
the BSCB/BBB reduces CNS oedema and accelerates functional recovery in rodent
models. Given the difficulties in developing pore-blocking AQP4 inhibitors,
targeting AQP4 subcellular localization opens up new treatment avenues for CNS
oedema, neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and provides a framework
to address fundamental questions about water homeostasis in health and
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics,
University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Mootaz Salman
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford, Parks Road,
Oxford OX1 3PT, UK E-mail:
| | - Philip Kitchen
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life
Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle,
Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Philip Kitchen School of Biosciences, College of Health
and Life Sciences, Aston University Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
E-mail:
| | - Andrea Halsey
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical
and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marie Xun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alex C Conner
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical
and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jerome Badaut
- CNRS-UMR 5536-Centre de Résonance
Magnétique des systèmes Biologiques, Université de
Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington
School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and
Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life
Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle,
Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Correspondence to: Roslyn M. Bill School of Biosciences,
College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University Aston Triangle, Birmingham
B4 7ET, UK E-mail:
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Lv T, Zhao B, Hu Q, Zhang X. The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:689098. [PMID: 34305569 PMCID: PMC8297504 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.689098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-mediated convective transport of fluid and solutes supported by AQP4 water channels, and perivenous efflux pathway. Recent researches indicate that the GS dysfunction is associated with various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, migraine, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Meanwhile, the GS also plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of stroke, including brain edema, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we illustrated the key anatomical structures of the GS, the relationship between the GS and the meningeal lymphatic system, the interaction between the GS and the BBB, and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other GS cellular components. In addition, we contributed to the current knowledge about the role of the GS in the pathology of stroke and the role of AQP4 in stroke. We further discussed the potential use of the GS in early risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Central Laboratory, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Liu Q, Sorooshyari SK. Quantitative and Correlational Analysis of Brain and Spleen Immune Cellular Responses Following Cerebral Ischemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:617032. [PMID: 34194419 PMCID: PMC8238006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.617032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a multiphasic process, and the initial ischemic phase of neuronal damage is followed by secondary innate and adaptive responses that unfold over days after stroke, offer a longer time frame of intervention, and represent a novel therapeutic target. Therefore, revealing the distinct functions of immune cells in both brain and periphery is important for identification of immunotherapeutic targets for stroke to extend the treatment time window. In this paper an examination of the cellular dynamics of the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery provoked by cerebral ischemia is provided. New data is presented for the number of immune cells in brain and spleen of mice during the 7 days following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). A novel analysis of the correlation among various cell types in the brain and spleen following stroke is presented. It is found that the infiltrated macrophages in the ischemic hemisphere positively correlate with neutrophils which implies their synergic effect in migrating into the brain after stroke onset. It is noted that during infiltration of adaptive immune cells, the number of neutrophils correlate positively with T cells, which suggests neutrophils contribute to T cell infiltration in the stroked brain. Furthermore, the correlation among neurological deficit and various immune cells suggests that microglia and splenic adaptive immune cells (T and B cells) are protective while infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells (macrophage and neutrophils) worsen stroke outcome. Comprehension of such immune responses post cerebral ischemia is crucial for differentiating the drivers of outcomes and also predicting the stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Liu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Siamak K. Sorooshyari
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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