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Shin E, Lytle MN, Zhou AM, LoBue V, Buss KA, Pérez-Edgar K. Bidirectional Relations Among Maternal Positive Emotion, Infant Positive Emotionality, and Infant Physiological Regulation Across the First 18 Months of Life. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22537. [PMID: 39183517 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a marker of self-regulation, has been linked to developmental outcomes in young children. Although positive emotions may have the potential to facilitate physiological self-regulation, and enhanced self-regulation could underlie the development of positive emotions in early childhood, the relation between positive emotions and physiological self-regulation in infancy has been relatively overlooked. The current study examined the bidirectional associations among maternal positive emotion, infant positive emotionality, and infant resting RSA across the first 18 months of life. We used data from the Longitudinal Attention and Temperament Study (LanTs; N = 309 in the current analysis) to test the within- and between-person relations of study variables over time using a random-intercepts cross-lagged panel model. We found that infants with higher overall levels of positive emotionality also displayed greater resting RSA, and their mothers exhibited higher levels of positive emotion. However, there were negative cross-lagged associations within-person; higher than average infant positive emotionality predicted lower levels of infant resting RSA at the subsequent timepoint during early infancy, whereas higher than average infant RSA subsequently predicted decreased levels of infant positive emotionality later in infancy. Results highlight the importance of considering transactional relations between positive emotion and physiological self-regulation in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Shin
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marisa N Lytle
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna M Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Vanessa LoBue
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kristin A Buss
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Koraly Pérez-Edgar
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Feraco T, Cona G. Happy children! A network of psychological and environmental factors associated with the development of positive affect in 9-13 children. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307560. [PMID: 39240900 PMCID: PMC11379200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
To deepen the development of positive affect during early adolescence and shed new light on its predictors, this study adopts an exploratory network approach to first identify the main domains that describe the variability of children's psychological, environmental, and behavioral characteristics, and then use these domains to longitudinally predict positive affect and its development within a latent growth framework. To this aim, we considered 10,904 US participants (9 years old at baseline; 13 years old 42 months later), six measurement occasions of positive affect, and 46 baseline indicators from the ABCD study. Our results not only confirm that positive affect declines between 9 and 13 years old, but also show that among the five domains identified (behavioral dysregulation, cognitive functioning, psychological problems, supportive social environment, and extracurricular activities), only a supportive social environment consistently predicts positive affect. This is crucial for practitioners and policymakers, as it can help them focus on the elements within our complex network of psychological, social, and environmental variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Feraco
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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3
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Carrico AW, Cherenack EM, Flentje A, Moskowitz JT, Asam K, Ghanooni D, Chavez JV, Neilands TB, Dilworth SE, Rubin LH, Gouse H, Fuchs D, Paul RH, Aouizerat BE. A positive affect intervention alters leukocyte DNA methylation in sexual minority men with HIV who use methamphetamine. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:151-158. [PMID: 38777283 PMCID: PMC11269022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This epigenomics sub-study embedded within a randomized controlled trial examined whether an evidenced-based behavioral intervention model that decreased stimulant use altered leukocyte DNA methylation (DNAm). METHODS Sexual minority men with HIV who use methamphetamine were randomized to a five-session positive affect intervention (n = 32) or an attention-control condition (n = 21), both delivered during three months of contingency management for stimulant abstinence. All participants exhibited sustained HIV virologic control - an HIV viral load less than 40 copies/mL at baseline and six months post-randomization. The Illumina EPIC BeadChip measured leukocyte methylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) sites mapping onto five a priori candidate genes of interest (i.e., ADRB2, BDNF, FKBP5, NR3C1, OXTR). Functional DNAm pathways and soluble markers of immune dysfunction were secondary outcomes. RESULTS Compared to the attention-control condition, the positive affect intervention significantly decreased methylation of CpG sites on genes that regulate β2 adrenergic and oxytocin receptors. There was an inconsistent pattern for the direction of the intervention effects on methylation of CpG sites on genes for glucocorticoid receptors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Pathway analyses adjusting for the false discovery rate (padj < 0.05) revealed significant intervention-related alterations in DNAm of Reactome pathways corresponding to neural function as well as dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin release. Positive affect intervention effects on DNAm were accompanied by significant reductions in the self-reported frequency of stimulant use. CONCLUSIONS There is an epigenetic signature of an evidence-based behavioral intervention model that reduced stimulant use, which will guide the identification of biomarkers for treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Carrico
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, United States.
| | | | - Annesa Flentje
- University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing, United States; Alliance Health Project, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Kesava Asam
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, United States
| | - Delaram Ghanooni
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, United States
| | - Jennifer V Chavez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, United States
| | - Torsten B Neilands
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Leah H Rubin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Hetta Gouse
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Robert H Paul
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri Saint Louis, United States
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, United States
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4
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Ye CJ, Liu D, Chen ML, Kong LJ, Dou C, Wang YY, Xu M, Xu Y, Li M, Zhao ZY, Zheng RZ, Zheng J, Lu JL, Chen YH, Ning G, Wang WQ, Bi YF, Wang TG. Mendelian randomization evidence for the causal effect of mental well-being on healthy aging. Nat Hum Behav 2024:10.1038/s41562-024-01905-9. [PMID: 38886532 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Mental well-being relates to multitudinous lifestyle behaviours and morbidities and underpins healthy aging. Thus far, causal evidence on whether and in what pattern mental well-being impacts healthy aging and the underlying mediating pathways is unknown. Applying genetic instruments of the well-being spectrum and its four dimensions including life satisfaction, positive affect, neuroticism and depressive symptoms (n = 80,852 to 2,370,390), we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the causal effect of mental well-being on the genetically independent phenotype of aging (aging-GIP), a robust and representative aging phenotype, and its components including resilience, self-rated health, healthspan, parental lifespan and longevity (n = 36,745 to 1,012,240). Analyses were adjusted for income, education and occupation. All the data were from the largest available genome-wide association studies in populations of European descent. Better mental well-being spectrum (each one Z-score higher) was causally associated with a higher aging-GIP (β [95% confidence interval (CI)] in different models ranging from 1.00 [0.82-1.18] to 1.07 [0.91-1.24] standard deviations (s.d.)) independent of socioeconomic indicators. Similar association patterns were seen for resilience (β [95% CI] ranging from 0.97 [0.82-1.12] to 1.04 [0.91-1.17] s.d.), self-rated health (0.61 [0.43-0.79] to 0.76 [0.59-0.93] points), healthspan (odds ratio [95% CI] ranging from 1.23 [1.02-1.48] to 1.35 [1.11-1.65]) and parental lifespan (1.77 [0.010-3.54] to 2.95 [1.13-4.76] years). Two-step Mendelian randomization mediation analyses identified 33 out of 106 candidates as mediators between the well-being spectrum and the aging-GIP: mainly lifestyles (for example, TV watching and smoking), behaviours (for example, medication use) and diseases (for example, heart failure, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, stroke, coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease), each exhibiting a mediation proportion of >5%. These findings underscore the importance of mental well-being in promoting healthy aging and inform preventive targets for bridging aging disparities attributable to suboptimal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jie Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jie Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Dou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Li Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Fang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tian-Ge Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Ballesio A, Zagaria A, Violani C, Lombardo C. Psychosocial and behavioural predictors of immune response to influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:255-284. [PMID: 37106577 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2208652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
High variability of influenza vaccine efficacy requires the identification of modulators of immunisation that may be targeted as adjuvants in health psychology interventions. Psychosocial and behavioural variables such as psychological stress, greater negative and lower positive affectivity, poor sleep, loneliness, and lack of social support, have been associated with abnormal immune and inflammatory responses and negative health outcomes, yet their effects in modulating vaccine efficacy are yet to be fully understood. We conducted an updated systematic review of longitudinal and experimental studies examining the effects of such variables in predicting immune response to influenza vaccine. PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus were searched up to November 2022. Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis and 16 provided data for meta-analysis. Low positive and high negative affect were associated with low antibodies and weak cell-mediated immunity following vaccination in qualitative synthesis. Literature on sleep disturbance, loneliness and social support was limited and yielded inconsistent results. Psychological stress was associated with poorer antibody response in meta-analysis. In conclusion, findings from this review suggest a need for further longitudinal and experimental studies on these factors to support their inclusion as target variables in vaccine adjuvant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Jing N, Gao X, Ding H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liang G, Gao M. Evidence for causal effects of neuropsychiatric conditions on risk of venous thromboembolism: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2024:101889. [PMID: 38621580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2024.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial observational evidence suggests an association between neuropsychiatric conditions and venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the causal relationship between these two conditions requires further investigation. Therefore, we used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess the bidirectional causal effects between four neuropsychiatric conditions and VTE, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS Genetic variants associated with four neuropsychiatric conditions (ie, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder [MDD], bipolar disorder, and epilepsy) and VTE, deep vein thrombosis, and PE were selected. Bidirectional univariable and multivariable MR methods were applied to evaluate the causal relationships among these conditions. The primary causal estimates were obtained using the inverse variance weighted method with multiplicative random effects, supplemented by MR Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the MR pleiotropy residual sum, funnel plots, and outlier (MR pleiotropy and residual sum and outlier) method. RESULTS Univariable MR results showed that genetic susceptibility to MDD increases the risk of VTE and PE (VTE: odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.46; P = .004; PE: OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09-1.69; P = .006) and that PE has an adverse causal effect on MDD (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04; P = .026). Adjustment for confounders such as obesity, sleep duration, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption revealed that increased genetic susceptibility to MDD is also associated with VTE and PE. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genetic susceptibility to MDD might have an adverse causal effect on the risk of VTE and PE and that PE has a reverse causal effect on MDD. Prevention and early diagnosis of depression are crucial in the management of VTE and PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jing
- First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - XinTian Gao
- Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Ding
- First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - YanNan Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - YouWen Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - MingZhu Gao
- First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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7
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Cox RC, Ritchie HK, Knauer OA, Guerin MK, Stothard ER, Wright KP. Chronotype and Affective Response to Sleep Restriction and Subsequent Sleep Deprivation. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:35-48. [PMID: 37539684 PMCID: PMC10838359 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231188204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Prior research indicates that sleep restriction, sleep deprivation, and circadian misalignment diminish positive affect, whereas effects on negative affect are inconsistent. One potential factor that may influence an individual's affective response to sleep restriction, sleep deprivation, and circadian misalignment is chronotype. Later chronotypes generally report higher negative affect and lower positive affect under typical sleep conditions; however, there is mixed evidence for an influence of chronotype on affective responses to sleep restriction and sleep deprivation. The present study examined the effect of chronotype on positive and negative affect during sleep restriction and subsequent total sleep deprivation. Sixteen healthy adults (Mage = 28.2 years, SDage = 11.6 years) were classified as earlier or later chronotypes using multiple chronotype definitions: morningness-eveningness (MEQ), mid-sleep on free days corrected (MSFsc), habitual mid-sleep timing, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), and phase relationship between DLMO and bedtime. Participants completed a 10-day protocol with one night of sleep restriction and subsequent 28 h total sleep deprivation. Affect was assessed hourly during scheduled wakefulness with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Data were analyzed with mixed-model analyses of variance (ANOVAs). During sleep restriction and subsequent sleep deprivation, positive affect decreased and negative affect increased. Across all chronotype measures, relatively later chronotypes demonstrated vulnerability to increased negative affect during sleep loss. The influence of chronotype on positive affect during sleep loss varied by chronotype measure. These findings suggest later chronotypes are more vulnerable to affective impairments during sleep loss and circadian misalignment, even when late chronotype is not extreme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Cox
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Hannah K. Ritchie
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Oliver A. Knauer
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Molly K. Guerin
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Ellen R. Stothard
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
- Colorado Sleep Institute, Boulder, CO
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
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Princip M, von Känel R, Sivakumar S, Jellestad L, Pazhenkottil AP, Langraf-Meister RE, Znoj H, Schmid JP, Barth J, Schnyder U, Zuccarella-Hackl C. Longitudinal association between positive affect and blood lipids in patients following acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287166. [PMID: 37917632 PMCID: PMC10621864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unfavorable blood lipid profiles are robust risk factors in predicting atherosclerotic disease. Studies have shown that positive affect (PA) is associated with a favorable lipid profile. However, longitudinal studies regarding the course of PA and lipid profiles in myocardial infarction (MI) patients are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prospectively explore the association between PA and blood lipid levels across three inv estigations over 12 months following acute MI. METHODS Patients following an acute MI were examined at hospital admission (n = 190), and at 3 months (n = 154) and 12 months (n = 106) thereafter. Linear mixed effect regression models were used to evaluate the relation between PA, assessed with the Global Mood Scale, and blood lipid levels. Potential confounding variables were controlled for in the analysis. RESULTS Higher PA was significantly associated with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and a lower total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio over time, independent of demographic factors, indices of cardiac disease severity, comorbidity, medication use, health behaviors, serum cortisol and negative affect (p≤0.040). No association was found between PA and the two blood lipids low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). CONCLUSIONS Positive affect was independently associated with HDL-C levels and the TC/HDL-C ratio in patients up to 1 year after MI. The findings support a potential role of PA for cardiovascular health through an association with a favorable blood lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinthujan Sivakumar
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Jellestad
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aju P Pazhenkottil
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca E Langraf-Meister
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clienia Schlössli AG, Oetwil am See, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Znoj
- Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürgen Barth
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Amd M. Disentangling affect from self-esteem using subliminal conditioning. Behav Processes 2023; 213:104965. [PMID: 37931670 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Across three experiments, participants underwent conditioning sequences where the self-referential term I AM (Conditioned Stimulus, or CS+) or a scrambled counterpart M IA (CS-) was paired with either neutral (Unconditioned Stimulus, or US-) or positive attributes (US+). CS and US were presented under subliminal and/or visible conditions. A normalized indicator of affective shift and an explicit self-esteem measure were deployed as outcome measures. In Experiment 1 (N = 60), subliminal CS+ followed by visible US+ produced a significant affective shift only. Experiment 2 (N = 59) presented CS and US under subliminal conditions, which did not influence either outcome measure. In Experiment 3 (N = 60), visible CS appeared with visible US, which resulted in a significant effect on explicit self-esteem only. These findings highlight the central roles of CS and/or US visibility towards influencing reported affect and self-esteem. We theorize that configural components of subliminally presented stimuli can become perceptually encoded and influence self-related affect non-consciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Amd
- University of the South Pacific, Vanuatu.
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10
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Sveinsdóttir SÞ, Jóhannsdóttir KR. Is Positive Affect as a Trait Related to Higher Heart Rate Variability in a Stressful Situation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6919. [PMID: 37887657 PMCID: PMC10606158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Most of the studies on the effect of trait positive affect (PA) and cardiovascular activity have focused on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) rather than heart rate variability (HRV). However, trait PA might sustain homeostasis for the autonomic system (ANS) by reducing activity in the sympathetic system (SNS) and increasing the activity in the parasympathetic system (PNS). A common index for the PNS is the vagal tone measured indirectly through HRV. The present study assessed whether trait PA influences cardiovascular response to various stress tasks by monitoring participants' HRV measured by RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences) along with HR and interbeat interval (IBI). A total of 54 participants performed various cognitive tasks and Trier Social Stress Tasks while their vital signs were monitored, and trait PA was measured with PANAS. The cognitive tasks included both high- and low-stress tasks, including fatigue-inducing 20 min Stroop tasks. The results showed overall higher HRV as measured by RMSSD for participants who have higher levels of trait PA, indicating more PNS activity compared with low-trait-PA individuals, particularly at the end of the task performance during the fatigue induction. High-trait-PA individuals also had a lower HR during the fatigue-inducing task and a higher IBI. The results support previous work by further indicating a more adaptive response and consequently better emotional regulation for high-trait-PA individuals in a complex, prolonged task setting.
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Tung I, Keenan K, Hipwell AE. Adolescent Mothers' Psychological Wellbeing during Pregnancy and Infant Emotional Health. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023; 52:616-632. [PMID: 34605721 PMCID: PMC8977390 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1981339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although many studies have identified risk factors for adolescent pregnancy, much less is known about factors that support pregnant adolescents' psychological wellbeing and offspring outcomes. This study drew on strength-based frameworks to investigate family and neighborhood factors linked to social connectedness that predict psychological wellbeing during adolescent pregnancy and offspring outcomes. METHOD Participants included 135 adolescent mothers (ages 14-21; 90% Black American) assessed annually since childhood as part of a longitudinal study. During preadolescence (ages 11-13), data on contextual stressors and neighborhood support were gathered from participants' caregivers; participants also rated their perceived trust/attachment with caregivers before and during pregnancy. To assess changes in psychological wellbeing, adolescents reported positive and depressed mood before and during pregnancy. A path analysis model tested the prospective associations between family and neighborhood factors, psychological wellbeing during pregnancy, and offspring outcomes (birth outcomes; observed infant positive/negative emotions at age 3-months). RESULTS Positive mood decreased from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy, whereas depressed mood remained stable. Adjusting for pre-pregnancy mood, perceived caregiver trust/attachment during pregnancy was associated with prenatal positive mood. Prenatal positive mood, in turn, reduced risk of preterm birth and indirectly predicted positive infant emotions via birth outcomes. Neighborhood support in preadolescence predicted lower prenatal depressed mood, but depressed mood did not predict infant outcomes beyond positive mood. Contextual life stress was not associated with prenatal mood after adjusting for family and neighborhood support. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight changes in positive-valence emotions during adolescent pregnancy that may have unique associations with birth outcomes and offspring emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alison E. Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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12
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Adiasto K, van Hooff MLM, Beckers DGJ, Geurts SAE. The sound of stress recovery: an exploratory study of self-selected music listening after stress. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:40. [PMID: 36765393 PMCID: PMC9912599 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical support for the notion that music listening is beneficial for stress recovery is inconclusive, potentially due to the methodological diversity with which the effects of music on stress recovery have been investigated. Little is presently known about which recovery activities are chosen by individuals for the purpose of stress recovery, and whether audio feature commonalities exist between different songs that are selected by individuals for the purpose of stress recovery. The current pre-registered study investigated whether audio feature commonalities can be extracted from self-selected songs for the purpose of stress recovery. Furthermore, the present study exploratorily examined the relationship between audio features and participants' desired recovery-related emotions while listening and after listening to self-selected music. METHODS Participants (N = 470) completed an online survey in which they described what music they would listen to unwind from a hypothetical stressful event. Data analysis was conducted using a split-sample procedure. A k-medoid cluster analysis was conducted to identify audio feature commonalities between self-selected songs. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between audio features and desired recovery emotions. RESULTS Participants valued music listening as a recovery activity to a similar extent as watching TV, sleeping, or talking to a significant other. Cluster analyses revealed that self-selected songs for the purpose of stress recovery can be grouped into two distinct categories. The two categories of songs shared similarities in key, loudness, speechiness, acousticness, instrumentalness, liveness, musical valence, tempo, duration, and time signature, and were distinguished by danceability, energy, and mode. No audio features were significantly associated with participants' desired recovery emotions. CONCLUSIONS Although a comprehensive portrait of the relationship between audio features and stress recovery still warrants further research, the present study provides a starting point for future enquiries into the nuanced effects of musical audio features on stress recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisna Adiasto
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Madelon L. M. van Hooff
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.36120.360000 0004 0501 5439Faculty of Psychology, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby G. J. Beckers
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine A. E. Geurts
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Beller J. Loneliness and mortality: The moderating effect of positive affect. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:49-65. [PMID: 35233957 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the adverse association of loneliness with health and mortality are well documented, less is known about moderating factors of this relationship. According to the "buffering theory," it is argued that positive affect moderates the negative associations of stressors with health. The current study contributes to the literature by asking: Does positive affect also moderate the relationship between loneliness and mortality? A large population-based sample of middle-aged and older adults in Germany from 2008 was used (N = 4442). Mortality was monitored up to 2020, resulting in a maximum follow-up period of observation of 12 years, in which mortality events could be observed. Loneliness was measured using an adapted German version of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, while positive affect was measured with an adapted German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Using Cox survival regression, it was found that loneliness significantly predicted increased mortality risk (HR = 1.20; p = .029); conversely, positive affect significantly predicted decreased mortality risk (HR = 0.63; p < .001). Furthermore, a significant interaction emerged between loneliness and positive affect in predicting mortality (HR = 0.70; p = .001): The strength of the association of loneliness with mortality decreased with increasing levels of positive affect. Positive affect attenuates the association between loneliness and mortality, supporting previous empirical research and theories on the buffering effect of positive affect. If replicated in further studies, interventions that promote positive affect might be beneficial to mitigate the negative associations of loneliness with health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Beller
- Center for Public Health and Healthcare: Medical Sociology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Gavrilova L, Zawadzki MJ. Testing the Associations Between State and Trait Anxiety, Anger, Sadness, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Whether Race Impacts These Relationships. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:38-49. [PMID: 34894226 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety, anger, and sadness are related to elevated ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), yet it is unclear whether each emotion exerts unique effects. Moreover, an understanding of who might be most susceptible to the negative effects of these emotions is limited, with the trait tendency to experience them or one's race as potential moderators. PURPOSE The study examined the potential for differential effects of momentary anxiety, anger, and sadness on ABP. The study assessed whether a trait tendency to experience these negative emotions and/or race (Black vs. non-Black) would moderate these relationships. METHODS Participants (n = 153) completed trait anxiety, anger, and depressive symptoms measures at baseline. ABP was collected over two 24-hour periods 3-4 months apart. Momentary measures of anxiety, anger, and sadness were assessed via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) after each ABP reading. RESULTS Momentary anxiety consistently predicted diastolic blood pressure but not systolic blood pressure. Momentary anger and sadness did not predict blood pressure (BP). Conditional effects were found with momentary anxiety and anger predicting elevated BP in those individuals with trait anxiety/anger at its mean. Trait anxiety and depression consistently predicted heightened BP in Black participants. Trait anger did not moderate the relationships between negative emotions and ABP. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that momentary anxiety and anger should be given attention as potential risk factors for hypertension and highlight the unique perspective of EMA methods. Black participants who were more anxious and depressed experienced heightened BP, with anxiety and depression providing possible intervention targets in improving racial disparities in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Gavrilova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Zawadzki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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15
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Merritt SH, Krouse M, Alogaily RS, Zak PJ. Continuous Neurophysiologic Data Accurately Predict Mood and Energy in the Elderly. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091240. [PMID: 36138976 PMCID: PMC9497070 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly have an elevated risk of clinical depression because of isolation from family and friends and a reticence to report their emotional states. The present study explored whether data from a commercial neuroscience platform could predict low mood and low energy in members of a retirement community. Neurophysiologic data were collected continuously for three weeks at 1Hz and averaged into hourly and daily measures, while mood and energy were captured with self-reports. Two neurophysiologic measures averaged over a day predicted low mood and low energy with 68% and 75% accuracy. Principal components analysis showed that neurologic variables were statistically associated with mood and energy two days in advance. Applying machine learning to hourly data classified low mood and low energy with 99% and 98% accuracy. Two-day lagged hourly neurophysiologic data predicted low mood and low energy with 98% and 96% accuracy. This study demonstrates that continuous measurement of neurophysiologic variables may be an effective way to reduce the incidence of mood disorders in vulnerable people by identifying when interventions are needed.
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16
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Farhane-Medina NZ, Castillo-Mayén R, Luque B, Rubio SJ, Gutiérrez-Domingo T, Cuadrado E, Arenas A, Tabernero C. A Brief mHealth-Based Psychological Intervention in Emotion Regulation to Promote Positive Subjective Well-Being in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091640. [PMID: 36141252 PMCID: PMC9498759 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emotional impact that a cardiovascular disease may have on a person’s life can affect the prognosis and comorbidity of the disease. Therefore, emotion regulation is most important for the management of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a brief mHealth psychological intervention in emotion regulation to promote positive subjective well-being in cardiovascular disease patients. The study sample (N = 69, 63.7 ± 11.5 years) was allocated to either the experimental group (n = 34) or control group (n = 35). The intervention consisted of a psychoeducational session in emotion regulation and an mHealth-based intervention for 2 weeks. Positive subjective well-being as a primary outcome and self-efficacy to manage the disease as a secondary outcome were assessed at five time points evaluated over a period of 6 weeks. The experimental group showed higher improvement in positive subjective well-being and self-efficacy for managing the disease compared to the control group over time. The experimental group also improved after the intervention on all outcome measures. Brief mHealth interventions in emotion regulation might be effective for improving positive subjective well-being and self-efficacy to manage the disease in cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Z. Farhane-Medina
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Castillo-Mayén
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Bárbara Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-21-89-61
| | - Sebastián J. Rubio
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tamara Gutiérrez-Domingo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esther Cuadrado
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alicia Arenas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Tabernero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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17
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Caprara M, Gerbino M, Mebane ME, Ramirez-Uclés IM. Self-efficacy beliefs in managing positive emotions: Associations with positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction across gender and ages. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:927648. [PMID: 36003312 PMCID: PMC9393478 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.927648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies were carried out on a Spanish population to explore the extent to which different self-efficacy beliefs in managing positive emotions are associated with common indicators of wellbeing, such as positive and negative affect or life satisfaction. The first study was conducted on 483 participants and attested to the factorial structure of three different self-efficacy beliefs: (a) perceived self-efficacy in expressing positive emotions; (b) perceived self-efficacy in retrieving memories of positive emotional experiences; and (c) perceived self-efficacy in using humor. The second study was carried out on 1,087 individuals between 19 and 80 years of age, and it provided evidence of the factorial invariance of the scales across age and gender. Furthermore, this latter study showed the association of self-efficacy in managing positive affect (SEMPA) with high chronic positive and low negative affect, and with high life satisfaction, controlling for gender and age. In younger participants, stronger associations were found between perceived self-efficacy in using humor and life satisfaction compared to older subjects. These findings may guide the design of interventions aimed at enhancing the potential benefits that could be drawn from the proper management of positive emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagiovanna Caprara
- Department of Personality Psychology, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mariagiovanna Caprara,
| | - Maria Gerbino
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Minou Ella Mebane
- Faculty of Law, Università degli Studi Giustino Fortunato, Benvento, Italy
| | - Isabel M. Ramirez-Uclés
- Department of Personality Psychology, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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18
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The ‘Rippling’ Waves of Wellbeing: A Mixed Methods Evaluation of a Surf-Therapy Intervention on Patients with Acquired Brain Injury. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dominant psychological models of wellbeing neglect the role that nature connection and other key factors, such as positive health behaviours and behaviour change, play in determining wellbeing. The present mixed-methods evaluation explores the impact of ”Surf-Ability”, an adapted surf therapy intervention delivered in collaboration with a UK neurorehabilitation service, on individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) as part of an effort to design interventions based on advances in wellbeing science. Following five surf-therapy sessions, within-subjects analysis (n= 15) revealed significant improvements on the Warwick–Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale (t (15) = −2.164, p = 0.048), as well as in anxiety and happiness as measured via a brief visual analogue. No significant changes occurred in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) or resting heart rate variability (HRV). A ripple effects mapping (REM) session at 6–10 months follow-up (n = 6) revealed that the physical and psychological experience of a nature-based challenge initiated a mindset shift in participants, which ultimately led to them adopting wellbeing-promoting long-term behaviour changes. These changes occurred at the scale of (1) individual wellbeing—increased mindfulness and physical activity; (2) collective wellbeing—improved relationships, community participation and contribution to organisations; and (3) planetary wellbeing—connection to nature. These findings align with the GENIAL theoretical framework, which defines wellbeing from a biopsychosocial ecological perspective across multiple levels of scale. The findings support the need for healthcare providers—including neurorehabilitation services—to enhance interventions for patients by incorporating novel factors that improve wellbeing, such as nature-connection.
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19
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de Vries LP, van de Weijer MP, Bartels M. The human physiology of well-being: A systematic review on the association between neurotransmitters, hormones, inflammatory markers, the microbiome and well-being. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104733. [PMID: 35697161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand the pathways through which well-being contributes to health, we performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines on the association between well-being and physiological markers in four categories, neurotransmitters, hormones, inflammatory markers, and microbiome. We identified 91 studies. Neurotransmitter studies (knumber of studies=9) reported only a possible positive association between serotonin and well-being. For the hormone studies (k = 48), a lower momentary cortisol level was related to higher well-being (meta-analytic r = -0.06), and a steeper diurnal slope of cortisol levels. Inflammatory marker studies (k = 36) reported negative or non-significant relations with well-being, with meta-analytic estimates of respectively r = -0.07 and r = -0.05 for C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Microbiome studies (k = 4) reported inconsistent associations between different bacteria abundance and well-being. The results indicate possible but small roles of serotonin, cortisol, and inflammatory markers in explaining differences in well-being. The inconsistent and limited results for other markers and microbiome require further research. Future directions for a complete picture of the physiological factors underlying well-being are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne P de Vries
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Margot P van de Weijer
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Smith TW. Intimate Relationships and Coronary Heart Disease: Implications for Risk, Prevention, and Patient Management. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:761-774. [PMID: 35380384 PMCID: PMC8981884 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research and clinical services addressing psychosocial aspects of coronary heart disease (CHD) typically emphasize individuals, focusing less on the context of intimate relationships such as marriage and similar partnerships. This review describes current evidence regarding the role of intimate relationships in the development, course, and management of CHD. RECENT FINDINGS Having an intimate partner is associated with reduced risk of incident CHD and a better prognosis among patients, but strain (e.g., conflict) and disruption (i.e., separation, divorce) in these relationships are associated with increased risk and poor outcomes. These associations likely reflect mechanisms involving health behavior and the physiological effects of emotion and stress. Importantly, many other well-established psychosocial risk and protective factors (e.g., low SES, job stress, depression, and optimism) are strongly related to the quality of intimate relationships, and these associations likely contribute to the effects of those other psychosocial factors. For better or worse, intimate partners can also affect the outcome of efforts to alter health behaviors (physical activity, diet, smoking, and medication adherence) central in the prevention and management CHD. Intimate partners also influence-and are influenced by-stressful aspects of acute coronary crises and longer-term patient adjustment and management. Evidence on each of these roles of intimate relationships in CHD is considerable, but direct demonstrations of the value of couple assessments and interventions are limited, although preliminary research is promising. Research needed to close this gap must also address issues of diversity, disparities, and inequity that have strong parallels in CHD and intimate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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21
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Chen W, Gu X, Chen J, Wang X. Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognitive Function with Psychological Well-Being in School-Aged Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031434. [PMID: 35162451 PMCID: PMC8835533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Promotion of psychological well-being (PWB) is an emerging social, educational, and health objective, especially for school-aged children. Few studies have examined key correlates and determinants of PWB in school-aged children. This study aimed to examine associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function with psychological well-being in school-aged children. Methods: The study participants were 752 fourth-grade students (mean age = 9.61 years, SD = 0.608) recruited from six elementary schools. Students took the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run® test to assess their cardiorespiratory fitness, and the d2 Test of Attention to assess concentration performance, attention span, and attention accuracy. They also completed the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale to assess their psychological well-being (PWB). After removing missing values and outliers from the original data set, the final data set, consisting of 689 cases (370 boys vs. 319 girls), was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, multiple linear regression models, and independent sample t-tests. Results: The results indicated that cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function are significant correlates of PWB (r = −0.069, r = 0.161). Further, the results found that cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, attention span, and attention accuracy were significantly collective predictors of psychological well-being (F = 13.299, p = 0.000), accounting for 12% of the total variance. Cardiorespiratory fitness was the most significantly individual predictor of PWB (β = 0.174, p = 0.000), followed by the attention accuracy (β = −0.090, p = 0.031). The Welch’s tests revealed that the high-PWB group scored significantly higher than the low-PWB group in cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, and attention accuracy (t = 4.093, p = 0.000, Cohen’s d = 0.310; t = 3.340, p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.256; t = −2.958, p = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.130). Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function are significant correlates and predictors of PWB among school-aged children. The students with a higher level of psychological well-being showed a higher cardiorespiratory fitness, concentration performance, and attention accuracy compared to the lower level of PWB group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Chen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (X.W.); Tel.: +1-734-615-0376 (W.C.); +(1)-381-629-9311 (X.W.); Fax: +1-734-615-0280 (W.C.)
| | - Xiangli Gu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76109, USA;
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaozan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (X.W.); Tel.: +1-734-615-0376 (W.C.); +(1)-381-629-9311 (X.W.); Fax: +1-734-615-0280 (W.C.)
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Determinants of Positive and Negative Affect among Adolescents and Young Adults in Indonesia: A Population-Based Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312326. [PMID: 34886052 PMCID: PMC8656735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Positive and negative affect are crucial for mental health. However, the determinant factors of positive and negative affect have yet to be examined between adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to explore the determinant factors of positive and negative affect, comparing their effects among adolescents and young adults and among the two sexes in Indonesia. We undertook secondary data analyses of the Indonesia Family Life Survey for this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, physical and mental health-related variables, and childhood family experiences from 2014 were used as independent variables, and positive and negative affect were used as the dependent variables. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to investigate the factors associated with positive and negative affect and to compare their effects between adolescents and young adults. The hierarchical linear regression revealed that sociodemographic characteristics, perceived health, smoking, chronic condition, acute morbidity, sleep, childhood family experiences, depression, personality type, life satisfaction, happiness, and experience of disasters were associated with positive and negative affect among adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. Identification of positive and negative affect as well as their associated factors among adolescents and young adults should be considered when developing preventive programs in the community.
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From human wellbeing to animal welfare. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:941-952. [PMID: 34509514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
What does it mean to be "well" and how might such a state be cultivated? When we speak of wellbeing, it is of ourselves and fellow humans. When it comes to nonhuman animals, consideration turns to welfare. My aim herein is to suggest that theoretical approaches to human wellbeing might be beneficially applied to consideration of animal welfare, and in so doing, introduce new lines of inquiry and practice. I will review current approaches to human wellbeing, adopting a triarchic structure that delineates hedonic wellbeing, eudaimonic wellbeing, and social wellbeing. For each, I present a conceptual definition and a review of how researchers have endeavored to measure the construct. Drawing these three domains of research together, I highlight how these traditionally anthropocentric lines of inquiry might be extended to the question of animal welfare - namely by considering hedonic welfare, eudaimonic welfare, and social welfare as potentially distinguishable and complementary components of the broader construct of animal welfare.
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Johnson JA, Zawadzki MJ, Jones DR, Reichenberger J, Smyth JM. Intra-individual Associations of Perceived Stress, Affective Valence, and Affective Arousal with Momentary Cortisol in a Sample of Working Adults. Ann Behav Med 2021; 56:305-310. [PMID: 34156423 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research pairing ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology and ambulatory cortisol during daily life is still rare, as is careful testing of the within-person associations between stress, affect, and cortisol. Using a circumplex approach, we considered both valence and arousal components of affect. PURPOSE To examine the within-person covariation of momentary cortisol with momentary perceived stress, affective valence, and affective arousal in everyday life. METHODS 115 working adults (Mage = 41.2; 76% women; 76% white) completed six EMA surveys per day over 3 days. Each assessment included reports of perceived stress and affect (used to construct indicators of affective valence and arousal), followed by a saliva sample (from which cortisol was assessed). Multi-level models were used to examine the momentary associations between perceived stress, affective valence, affective arousal, and cortisol. RESULTS Moments characterized by higher perceived stress were associated with higher cortisol (p = .036). Affective valence covaried with cortisol (p = .003) such that more positive valence was associated with lower cortisol and more negative valence with higher cortisol. Momentary affective arousal was not related to cortisol (p = .131). When all predictors were tested in the same model, only valence remained a significant predictor of cortisol (p = .047). CONCLUSION Momentary perceived stress and affective valence, but not affective arousal, were associated with naturalistic cortisol. Cortisol was more robustly associated with affective valence than perceived stress or affective arousal. These findings extend our understanding of how moments of stress and particular characteristics of affective states (i.e., valence but not arousal) may "get under the skin" in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian A Johnson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Zawadzki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Dusti R Jones
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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25
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Pinto G, Greenblatt-Kimron L, Marai I, Lorber A, Lowenstein A, Cohen M. The Role of Affect as a Mediator between Coping Resources and Heart Rate Variability among Older Adults. Exp Aging Res 2021; 48:136-149. [PMID: 34133261 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1923326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as an indicator of capacity to adapt effectively to physiological or environmental challenges and of physical and psychological health in old age. AIMS The study assessed levels of high-frequency HRV (HF-HRV) among older adults in relation to positive and negative affect and the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the association between coping resources (perceived social support and sense of mastery) and HF-HRV. METHOD Participants were 187 men and women in three assisted-living residences who were independent in activities of daily living (93.4% participation rate). The participants completed sense of mastery, multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and positive and negative affect questionnaires. HF-HRV was derived from electrocardiography data measured by a Holter monitoring device for 15 minutes. RESULTS The empirical model showed good fit indices indicating that higher HF-HRV was associated with lower negative affect, and negative affect mediated the association between perceived social support and HF-HRV. In addition, perceived social support and sense of mastery were associated with higher positive affect and lower negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Although this was a cross-sectional study, it suggests that HF-HRV may be a link between affect and health in old age. It also suggests the importance of identification and intervention with older adults and their support systems to reduce negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Pinto
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Haifa,Israel.,Geriatric Hospital Rehabilitation-Bait Balev, Nesher, Israel
| | | | - Ibrahim Marai
- Cardiovascular Department, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel and the Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Avraham Lorber
- Pediatric Cardiology Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Miri Cohen
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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27
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The effectiveness of quality of life therapy on fear and anxiety control in at-risk workers of electricity company. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Nowinski CJ, DeWalt DA, Carter AS, Chacko A, Gross HE, Perrin EM, Krug CW, Holl JL, Gershon RC. Recommendations for Assessment of Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Health for the National Children's Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:624524. [PMID: 34017804 PMCID: PMC8129017 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.624524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Social Emotional Behavioral (SEB) Team of the National Children's Study (NCS) was tasked with making recommendations for assessment of important aspects of social-emotional health and function in children. This paper describes the constructs recommended for assessment along with the rationale for their assessment. These constructs, representing aspects of Social Relationships, Social Capital, Temperament, Negative Affect, Externalizing Behavior, Social Competence, Self-efficacy, Self-image, Psychological well-being, Ethnic/racial Socialization, Perceived Discrimination, Sexual Orientation, Religiosity, and Perceived Stress and Resilience were identified as being critical to the understanding of children's health and development from birth to age 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy J. Nowinski
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Darren A. DeWalt
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alice S. Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anil Chacko
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heather E. Gross
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eliana M. Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chelsea Weaver Krug
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jane L. Holl
- Department of Neurology, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard C. Gershon
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Díaz-García A, González-Robles A, García-Palacios A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Castilla D, Bretón JM, Baños RM, Quero S, Botella C. Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e21335. [PMID: 33522977 PMCID: PMC7884218 DOI: 10.2196/21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional disorders (EDs) are among the most prevalent mental disorders. Existing evidence-based psychological treatments are not sufficient to reduce the disease burden of mental disorders. It is therefore essential to implement innovative solutions to achieve a successful dissemination of psychological treatment protocols, and in this regard, the use of information and communication technologies such as the internet can be very useful. Furthermore, the literature suggests that not everyone with an ED receives the appropriate treatment. This situation has led to the development of new intervention proposals based on the transdiagnostic perspective, which attempts to address the underlying processes common to EDs. Most of these transdiagnostic interventions focus primarily on downregulating negative affectivity (NA), and less attention has been paid to strengths and the upregulation of positive affectivity, despite its importance for well-being and mental health. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic internet-based treatment for EDs in a community sample. METHODS A 3-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 216 participants were randomly assigned to a transdiagnostic internet-based protocol (TIBP), a TIBP+ positive affect (PA) component, or a waiting list (WL) control group. The treatment protocol contained core components mainly addressed to downregulate NA (ie, present-focused emotional awareness and acceptance, cognitive flexibility, behavioral and emotional avoidance patterns, and interoceptive and situational exposure) as well as a PA regulation component to promote psychological strengths and enhance well-being. Data on depression, anxiety, quality of life, neuroticism and extraversion, and PA/NA before and after treatment were analyzed. Expectations and opinions of treatment were also analyzed. RESULTS Within-group comparisons indicated significant pre-post reductions in the two experimental conditions. In the TIBP+PA condition, the effect sizes were large for all primary outcomes (d=1.42, Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-II]; d=0.91, Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]; d=1.27, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Positive [PANAS-P]; d=1.26, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Negative [PANAS-N]), whereas the TIBP condition yielded large effect sizes for BDI-II (d=1.19) and PANAS-N (d=1.28) and medium effect sizes for BAI (d=0.63) and PANAS-P (d=0.69). Between-group comparisons revealed that participants who received one of the two active treatments scored better at posttreatment than WL participants. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the two intervention groups on the PA measure, effect sizes were consistently larger in the TIBP+PA condition than in the standard transdiagnostic protocol. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings indicate that EDs can be effectively treated with a transdiagnostic intervention via the internet, as significant improvements in depression, anxiety, and quality of life measures were observed. Regarding PA measures, promising effects were found, but more research is needed to study the role of PA as a therapeutic component. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02578758; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02578758. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s12888-017-1297-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Díaz-García
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | | | - Azucena García-Palacios
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diana Castilla
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Rosa María Baños
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Botella
- Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Griffith JM, Young JF, Hankin BL. Longitudinal associations between positive affect and relationship quality among children and adolescents: Examining patterns of co-occurring change. Emotion 2021; 21:28-38. [PMID: 31524419 PMCID: PMC7073307 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions suggests that the experience of positive affect (PA) and positive interpersonal experiences should mutually reinforce each other over time, potentiating upward spirals of PA and social well-being. Informed by this upward spirals hypothesis, the present study used parallel process latent growth curve modeling to evaluate co-occurring trajectories of PA and parent- and peer-relationship quality in a sample of 680 youth aged 8 to 16 years (M = 11.87, SD = 2.41, 56.7% female). Youth PA and relationship quality were assessed every 18 months for 3 years (3 total assessments). Results of parallel process latent growth curve modeling analyses indicated positive correlations between trajectories of PA and trajectories of both parent- and peer-relationship quality. Consistent with tenets of the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the findings suggest that youth PA and experiences of high-quality relationships demonstrate reciprocal patterns of growth, with implications for youth health and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne M. Griffith
- University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820
| | - Jami F. Young
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Benjamin L. Hankin
- University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, Department of Psychology, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL, 61820
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Del Río-de Cózar P, Carbonell-Baeza A, Padilla-Moledo C, Veiga OL, Esteban-Gonzalo L, Mota J, Castro-Piñero J. A cross-sectional association of physical fitness with positive and negative affect in children and adolescents: the up & down study. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:202-209. [PMID: 32609931 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affect and physical fitness play an important role in psychological and physical health; however, the association between those variables in youth remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of physical fitness on positive and negative affect in Spanish children and adolescents. METHOD Healthy young Spanish people (n = 1,490) were recruited for the present study: 542 children (n = 272 girls; mean age 9.6 years) and 948 adolescents (n = 454 girls; mean age 14.1 years) with complete baseline data on health-related fitness tests (20 m shuttle run test, 4 × 10 m test, muscular fitness index, and physical fitness index), and positive and negative affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). RESULTS Higher performance on physical fitness components was associated with positive affect (β = -0.176-0.118, all P < 0.05). There was no association between all physical fitness components and negative affect (β = -0.100-0.15, all P > 0.05). There were differences on positive affect between the lowest and the highest quartile of the physical fitness index in boys (P = 0.037, Cohen's d 0.60) and girls (P = 0.004, Cohen's d = 0.69), and between the lowest and the highest quartile of muscular fitness index in girls (P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Promoting physical activity during the school years, including strength exercises to increase muscular fitness, could improve positive affect levels and thus psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Del Río-de Cózar
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Carbonell-Baeza
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Padilla-Moledo
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Esteban-Gonzalo
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
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32
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Jones DR, Graham-Engeland JE. Positive affect and peripheral inflammatory markers among adults: A narrative review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:104892. [PMID: 33130406 PMCID: PMC8996369 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that positive affect (PA) may promote health and longevity and that one potential mechanism involves inflammation. However, it remains unclear to what extent PA is associated with specific inflammatory markers and whether such associations are driven by main effects of PA and/or due to PA operating as a stress-buffer. METHODS The present narrative review incorporates studies (N = 28) that have examined the association between PA and peripheral inflammatory markers obtained using venous puncture or dried blood spots. We separate results by whether the study tested direct effects or stress-buffering, and by type of inflammatory marker [including C-reactive protein (CRP), and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines], also paying close attention to type of PA assessment (state, aggregated state, or retrospective, the latter involving recall over one to two weeks), and study design (cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental). RESULTS Limited evidence suggests that studies were more supportive of a stress-buffering association, compared to a relatively direct association. When significant direct associations were observed, results suggested that studies using measures of state/aggregated PA exhibited more consistent associations with inflammatory markers than studies using retrospective PA. When significant, higher PA tended to be associated with lower pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, suggestive of lower overall inflammatory load. DISCUSSION Recommendations for the field and future research are discussed, including the value of utilizing state/aggregated PA measures and of examining stress-buffering mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusti R Jones
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; The Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
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33
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Testing Measurement Invariance of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in American and Arab University Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Noordman J, Schulze L, Roodbeen R, Boland G, van Vliet LM, van den Muijsenbergh M, van Dulmen S. Instrumental and affective communication with patients with limited health literacy in the palliative phase of cancer or COPD. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:152. [PMID: 33028308 PMCID: PMC7542099 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients have a ‘need to know’ (instrumental need) and a ‘need to feel known’ (affective need). During consultations with patients with limited health literacy (LHL) in the palliative phase of their disease, both the instrumental and the affective communication skills of healthcare providers are important. The study aims to explore instrumental and affective communication between care providers and LHL patients in the palliative phase of COPD or cancer. Methods In 2018, consultations between LHL patients in the palliative phase of cancer or COPD and their healthcare providers were video-recorded in four hospitals in the Netherlands. As there was no observation algorithm available for this setting, several items were created to parameterize healthcare providers’ instrumental communication (seven items: understanding, patient priorities, medical status, treatment options, treatment consequences, prognosis, and information about emotional distress) and affective communication (six items: hope, support, reassurance, empathy, appreciation, and emotional coping). The degree of each item was recorded for each consultation, with relevant segments of the observation selected and transcribed to support the items. Results Consultations between 17 care providers and 39 patients were video-recorded and analyzed. Care providers primarily used instrumental communication, most often by giving information about treatment options and assessing patients’ care priorities. Care providers assessed patients’ understanding of their disease less often. The patients’ prognosis was not mentioned in half the consultations. Within the affective domain, the care providers did provide support for their patients; providing hope, reassurance, empathy, and appreciation and discussing emotional coping were observed less often. Conclusions Care providers used mostly instrumental communication, especially treatment information, in consultations with LHL patients in the palliative phase of cancer or COPD. Most care providers did not check if the patient understood the information, which is rather crucial, especially given patients’ limited level of health literacy. Healthcare providers did provide support for patients, but other expressions of affective communication by care providers were less common. To adapt the communication to LHL patients in palliative care, care providers could be less wordy and reduce the amount of information, use ‘teach-back’ techniques and pay more attention to affective communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Noordman
- Nivel (Netherlands institute for health services research), PO Box 1568, 3500 BN, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Lotte Schulze
- Nivel (Netherlands institute for health services research), PO Box 1568, 3500 BN, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ruud Roodbeen
- Nivel (Netherlands institute for health services research), PO Box 1568, 3500 BN, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Tranzo Scientific Centre for Care and Well-being, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Gudule Boland
- Pharos, Dutch Centre of Expertise on Health Disparities, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth M van Vliet
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria van den Muijsenbergh
- Pharos, Dutch Centre of Expertise on Health Disparities, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sandra van Dulmen
- Nivel (Netherlands institute for health services research), PO Box 1568, 3500 BN, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Drammen, Norway
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Ikeda A, Steptoe A, Shipley M, Wilkinson IB, McEniery CM, Tanigawa T, Singh-Manoux A, Kivimaki M, Brunner EJ. Psychological Wellbeing and Aortic Stiffness: Longitudinal Study. Hypertension 2020; 76:675-682. [PMID: 32654561 PMCID: PMC7418936 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated 2 distinct aspects of positive wellbeing: affective wellbeing and eudaimonia with progression of aortic stiffness, an index of subclinical cardiovascular disease. A total of 4754 participants (mean age 65.3 years, 3466 men, and 1288 women) from the Whitehall II cohort study provided data on affective and eudaimonic wellbeing using subscales from the control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure-19 questionnaire. Aortic stiffness was measured by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) at baseline (2008-2009) and 5 years later (2012-2013). Linear mixed models were used to measure the effect of affective and eudaimonic wellbeing on baseline PWV and 5-year PWV longitudinal change. A 1-SD higher eudaimonic wellbeing was associated with lower baseline PWV in men (β=-0.100 m/s [95% CI=-0.169 to -0.032]), independent of social, behavioral, and biological factors. This association persisted over 5 years. No such association was found in women (β=-0.029 m/s [95% CI=-0.126 to 0.069]). We did not find any association of positive wellbeing with change in PWV over time in either men or women. In older men, higher levels of eudaimonic wellbeing were associated with lower long-term levels of arterial stiffness. These findings support the notion that the pattern of association between positive wellbeing and cardiovascular health outcomes involves eudaimonic rather than affective wellbeing and is sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ikeda
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (A.I., A.S., M.S., A.S.-M., M.K., E.J.B.).,Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.I., T.T.)
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (A.I., A.S., M.S., A.S.-M., M.K., E.J.B.)
| | - Martin Shipley
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (A.I., A.S., M.S., A.S.-M., M.K., E.J.B.)
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.B.W., C.M.M.)
| | - Carmel M McEniery
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.B.W., C.M.M.)
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (A.I., T.T.)
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (A.I., A.S., M.S., A.S.-M., M.K., E.J.B.).,Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, France (A.S.-M.)
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (A.I., A.S., M.S., A.S.-M., M.K., E.J.B.)
| | - Eric J Brunner
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (A.I., A.S., M.S., A.S.-M., M.K., E.J.B.)
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Positive intervention for depression and teacher-student relationship in Iranian high school girl students with moderate/mild depression: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14:25. [PMID: 32518587 PMCID: PMC7271528 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive intervention (PI) is a modern and therapeutic approach broadly based on the principles of positive psychology (Rashid in J Posit Psychol 1:25-40, 2014). PI effects at schools have received little attention to date. However, since PI offers a focus on the positive aspects of human experience (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi in Am Psychol 55:5-14, 2000), we hypothesized that it could exert positive changes in the teacher-student relationship (TSR) and depression symptoms. Therefore, the mentioned pilot study conducted in this article aimed at evaluating PI effects on depression and TSR among Iranian high school girl students with moderate/mild depression. METHOD In this research, 60 eligible female students (aged 15-18) with a Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) mild-moderate depression diagnosis, were randomly divided into PI (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30) at the time of entering the study and 2 months later following their assessments through the Inventory of TSR (IT-SR) and BDI-II. The intervention group participated in 8-week 2 h group sessions of PI and the control group was evaluated without any intervention. RESULTS The study was completed with a total number of 49 girls [PI group (n = 24), and control group (n = 25)] and everybody participate in 8 sessions. The intervention group was effective on the variables of BDI-II and IT-SR in a way that the involved girls increased their communication (p = 0.001, d = 0.17), trust (p = 0.001 d = 0.14) after PI training and decreased alienation (p = 0.012, d = 0.11) and depression (p = 0.001, d = 0.15) among other high school students. CONCLUSION This intervention could function as an unspecific component of a stepped care approach for teenage girls suffering from depression. This study recommends more RCT with large sample sizes among high school boys students and follow-up.
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Fortuna KL, Venegas M, Bianco CL, Smith B, Batsis JA, Walker R, Brooks J, Umucu E. The relationship between hopelessness and risk factors for early mortality in people with a lived experience of a serious mental illness. SOCIAL WORK IN MENTAL HEALTH 2020; 18:369-382. [PMID: 33442334 PMCID: PMC7802745 DOI: 10.1080/15332985.2020.1751772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between self-reported hopelessness and risk factors for premature mortality in people with serious mental illness (SMI). Data were extracted from the 2014 Health Center Patient Survey (N = 5,592). Having a diagnosis of SMI was significantly associated with self-reported hopelessness. Hypertension or high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder were significantly associated with self-reported hopelessness. Higher levels of hopelessness were found to be significantly associated with increased alcohol consumption. Hopelessness may be an important dimension of health in people with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Fortuna
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth College, Concord, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Maria Venegas
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth College, Concord, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Bianco
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth College, Concord, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Bret Smith
- Manchester Peer Collaborative at the Mental Health Center of Greater Manchester, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA
| | - John A. Batsis
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Robert Walker
- Office of Recovery and Empowerment, Massachusetts Department of Mental Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica Brooks
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emre Umucu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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van den Heuvel LL, Acker D, du Plessis S, Stalder T, Suliman S, Thorne MY, Kirschbaum C, Seedat S. Hair cortisol as a biomarker of stress and resilience in South African mixed ancestry females. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 113:104543. [PMID: 31901730 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) are increasingly used as a biomarker of stress, however limited research exists regarding the relationship between HCC and protective factors, such as resilience. Additionally, studies measuring HCC need to account for possible confounders, and these factors have not been examined in sufficiently diverse settings. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to identify determinants of HCC in a sample of mixed ancestry adults and investigate the association of HCC with measures of self-perceived stress and resilience. METHODS Our sample comprised 164 females (mean age 46.5 years, SD = 15.0), self-identifying as mixed ancestry, who were control participants in a case-control study (SHARED ROOTS), conducted in Cape Town, South Africa from May 2014 until June 2017. We examined which socio-demographic, hair related, clinical and behavioural factors were associated with HCC in both unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models. Furthermore, the relationship of HCC with self-perceived stress and resilience scores were also examined. RESULTS HCC (Mdn 4.4 pg/ml; IQR 2.8; 11.4) were significantly positively associated with hair product use and breastfeeding, and significantly negatively associated with age, level of education, duration of sun exposure, duration of storage, and demonstrated a trend towards significance with frequency of hair washing, in adjusted models. HCC were inversely associated with CD-RISC scores (adj β = -0.179, p = 0.012) but were not significantly associated with PSS scores (adj β = -0.001, p = 0.989). CONCLUSIONS We identified specific determinants of HCC in our sample, including the first indication that sun exposure has an effect on HCC under naturalistic conditions. These potential confounders need to be controlled for in the design and analysis of future studies. HCC may be a biomarker of resilience to stress, rather than perceived stress. Further research measuring HCC in more diverse settings and populations and including constructs related to resilience are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Luella van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Debbie Acker
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Stéfan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Tobias Stalder
- Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Sharain Suliman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Marguerite Yvonne Thorne
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Biological Psychology, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, D - 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive mood has been associated with enhanced immune function. Interventions that improve mood could therefore provide a mechanism for optimizing immune-related health outcomes. Brief interventions that improve mood, also known as mood inductions, potentially offer a pragmatic approach to enhancing immune function for finite periods where this would be beneficial to health (e.g., in advance of vaccination or surgery). This review sought to systematically examine the evidence regarding the effects of brief, single-session positive mood interventions on immunity. METHODS Systematic searches of electronic databases were performed from earliest records to July 25, 2018. We identified 42 interventions suitable for inclusion, 6 of which were tested in multiple subpopulations. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for pre-post experimental group immune outcomes measured in at least five intervention studies. RESULTS Although interventions were heterogeneous, 81% resulted in a statistically significant change in at least one immune parameter after the positive mood intervention for one or more of the subpopulations examined. However, studies were, in general, of low-to-moderate quality with small sample sizes (median n = 32) and did not examine the persistence or clinical relevance of the immune changes observed. Random-effects meta-analyses showed a significant medium-sized effect of interventions on increasing secretory IgA concentration (g = 0.65), a small but statistically significant effect for increased Interleukin-6 production (g = 0.12), and nonsignificant effects on natural killer cell activity (g = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS The current literature suggests that improvements in mood resulting from brief interventions can influence some immune parameters in ways indicative of enhanced immune function. However, there is a need for higher-quality research in this area that focuses on clinically relevant immune outcomes and mechanisms.
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Brouwer AM, Hogervorst MA, van Erp JB, Grootjen M, van Dam E, Zandstra EH. Measuring cooking experience implicitly and explicitly: Physiology, facial expression and subjective ratings. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Qin Y, Lü W, Hughes BM, Kaczmarek LD. Trait and state approach-motivated positive affects interactively influence stress cardiovascular recovery. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:261-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Laferton JAC, Fischer S, Ebert DD, Stenzel NM, Zimmermann J. The Effects of Stress Beliefs on Daily Affective Stress Responses. Ann Behav Med 2019; 54:258-267. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Negative beliefs about the effects of stress have been associated with poorer health and increased mortality. However, evidence on the psychological mechanisms linking stress beliefs to health is scarce, especially regarding real-life stress.
Purpose
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of stress beliefs on affect in the daily stress process in a population prone to health-impairing effects of stress: university students.
Methods
Using daily diaries, 98 university students reported on daily perceived social and work-related stressors as well as positive and negative affect for 10 consecutive days. Stress beliefs, depressive and anxiety symptoms, neuroticism, and demographic variables were assessed prior to the daily diary phase.
Results
Hierarchical linear models revealed a significant cross-level interaction between negative stress beliefs and the association of daily social stressors with negative affect (B = 0.24; 99% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08–0.41, p < .001). When experiencing social stress, participants who held high negative stress beliefs had higher daily negative affect (simple slope = 4.09; p < .001); however, for participants who held low negative stress beliefs the association between daily social stress and daily negative affect was considerably smaller (simple slope = 2.12; p < .001). Moreover, individuals believing stress to be controllable showed higher positive affect throughout the 10-day daily diary phase.
Conclusions
Negative stress beliefs were found to moderate the affective response to daily real-life stressors. Given the established relationship between affect and health, this study provides initial evidence of psychological mechanisms linking stress beliefs to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A C Laferton
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David D Ebert
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikola M Stenzel
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Papousek I, Wimmer S, Lackner HK, Schulter G, Perchtold CM, Paechter M. Trait positive affect and students’ prefrontal EEG alpha asymmetry responses during a simulated exam situation. Biol Psychol 2019; 148:107762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Karademas EC, Thomadakis C. The interpersonal impact of partner emotion regulation on chronic cardiac patients' functioning through affect. J Behav Med 2019; 43:262-270. [PMID: 31587122 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-019-00105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this prospective study, we examined whether physical and psychological functioning of patients with a cardiovascular disease is related to their partners' emotion regulation strategies through both persons' affect. The final sample consisted of 104 patients (25 women) and their partners. All couples were of the opposite sex and married. Two spouse emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) were assessed at baseline; patient and spouse positive and negative affect was assessed 2 months later; patient functioning were assessed 4 months later. Spouse cognitive reappraisal, but not expressive suppression, was associated with patient functioning in an indirect way, with spouse and patient affect serving as mediators in-sequence. Specifically, spouse cognitive reappraisal was related to spouse affect which was associated with patient affect. In turn, patient affect was related to patient functioning. This adds to our understanding of the dyadic relationships between chronic patients' and partners' self-regulation processes and may also guide relevant psychological interventions.
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Emotion, Social Relationships, and Physical Health: Concepts, Methods, and Evidence for an Integrative Perspective. Psychosom Med 2019; 81:681-693. [PMID: 31415000 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emotional characteristics and processes are robust predictors of the development and course of major medical illnesses and premature mortality, as are a variety of indicators of the presence and quality of personal relationships. Despite clear evidence of close interconnection between these two domains of risk and protection, affective characteristics and relationships have largely been studied separately as influences on health. After a recent conference on integrative perspectives on emotions, relationships and health co-sponsored by the American Psychosomatic Society and the Society for Affective Science, the present review builds on prior calls for integration, related theory, and current research to outline what is known about the interconnection of these domains as it specifically relates to their overlapping influences on health. Areas of interest include the following: their interconnected roles over the course of development, which may inform current efforts to understand the influence of early life events on adult health; the parallel positive and negative factors in both domains that could have distinct influences on health; the role of emotion regulation in relationship contexts; and measurement, design, and analysis approaches to capture the dyadic and dynamic aspects of these interconnected influences on health. We conclude with a discussion of an emerging research agenda that includes the following: common biological foundations of affective and relationship processes, the cultural embeddedness of affective and relationship processes, the potential contribution of affective-relational processes to health disparities, and implications for intervention research.
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Steptoe A. Investing in Happiness: The Gerontological Perspective. Gerontology 2019; 65:634-639. [PMID: 31505514 PMCID: PMC6878748 DOI: 10.1159/000501124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimising happiness is a desirable societal aim in itself, but there are four more specific reasons why research on happiness is an important emerging theme in gerontology. First, happiness is not merely the mirror of depression, anxiety or distress, but has distinct relationships with a range of outcomes, so benefits from study in itself. Second, happiness appears to be a protective factor for morbidity and mortality; although studies are complex and take a long time to complete, there is accumulating evidence that greater happiness predicts survival among older people independently of covariates including health status and depression. Third, happiness has broad ramifications at older ages, being related to personal and social relationships, economic prosperity, biological risk factors, health behaviours, and time use as well as health. Fourth, happiness is malleable, and can potentially be modified in ways that will enhance the health and well-being of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom,
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Dockray S, O'Neill S, Jump O. Measuring the Psychobiological Correlates of Daily Experience in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:595-612. [PMID: 31573767 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mapping the psychobiological correlates of social contexts, experiences, and emotional responses of adolescents in their daily lives provides insight into how adolescent well-being shapes, and is shaped by, experience. Measures of these psychobiological correlates are enabled by devices and technologies that must be precise and suitable for adolescent participants. The present report reviews the most often used research measures, and suggests strategies for best practice, drawn from practical experience. The rapid advances in technological methods to collect attuned measures of psychological processes, social context, and biological function indicate the promise for multimodal measures in ecological settings. Attaining these methodological goals will support research to secure comprehensive, quality data, and advance the understanding of psychobiological function in ambulatory settings.
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Lin WH, Pan WC, Yi CC. "Happiness in the air?" the effects of air pollution on adolescent happiness. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:795. [PMID: 31226978 PMCID: PMC6588912 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to examine the effect of ambient air pollution at the district level on adolescents’ happiness and their change in happiness over time in a cohort sample from Taiwan. Method A cohort from the Taiwan Youth Project was evaluated. The adolescents (n = 2571) were in the 7th grade (mean age = 14.3 years) when the study was initiated and resided in 40 districts in three cities and counties in northern Taiwan. We examined the effects of the concentration level of air pollution, including PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, at the district level on adolescents’ happiness and their change in happiness over time (7th to 9th grade). Due to the high correlations of the three pollutants, we examined each separately with similar covariates. The analyses were based on both multilevel modeling and latent growth curve modeling. Results Higher concentration levels of each of the three air pollutants measured were associated with adolescent happiness such that a higher level of concentration was related to lower levels of adolescents’ happiness. These results were observed after controlling for important individual- and district-level covariates. However, further analyses did not reveal that the concentration level of air pollution was associated with the change in happiness in the study period (after 3 years). Some sensitivity checks (e.g., adjusting district size) did not change the substantive results. Conclusion Many previous studies have shown the influence of air pollution on physical health and negative emotions, but only a few using adult samples have shown that air pollution is inversely related to positive wellbeing. This study may be the first to examine the effects of air pollution on adolescents’ positive affect. Our results echo recent research on the consequent health burden of air pollution. Given that positive affect has been linked to future adult health, the results of the current study provide empirical grounds for early intervention concerning environmental factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7119-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsu Lin
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chi Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chun Yi
- Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Puura K, Leppänen J, Salmelin R, Mäntymaa M, Luoma I, Latva R, Peltola M, Lehtimäki T, Tamminen T. Maternal and infant characteristics connected to shared pleasure in dyadic interaction. Infant Ment Health J 2019; 40:459-478. [PMID: 31083770 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze which maternal factors (depressive symptoms, effect of life events, maternal sensitivity and structuring) and infant characteristics (temperament, social withdrawal symptoms, interactive behavior, genotype, gender) contribute to shared pleasure (SP) in parent-infant interaction. Participants were 113 mother-infant dyads. The mothers filled in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Infant Behavior Questionnaire, and the Life Events Questionnaire. The dyads were videotaped in a free-play situation, and the videos were analyzed using the Alarm Distress Baby Scale and the Emotional Availability Scales. The infants were genotyped for four genes involved in emotion regulation. The occurrence and duration of SP (SP-MD) in mother-infant interactions were analyzed from the videotapes. Higher maternal sensitivity and depressive symptoms, better infant responsiveness, and the infant having the GG variant of the gene tryptophan hydroxylase isoform 2 (TPH2) -307 were associated with the occurrence of SP. Lower level depressive symptoms, better maternal structuring, and greater infant involvement were associated with the longer duration of SP. Those dyads where the mother and infant were best able to read each other's positive cues and to respond to them were more likely to experience mutual positive affect, as seen in SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaija Puura
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, and Centre for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Leppänen
- Centre for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Raili Salmelin
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, and Department of Child Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mirjami Mäntymaa
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, and Centre for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, South Ostrobotnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Ilona Luoma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, and Department of Child Psychiatry, Centre of Peadiatric and Adolescent Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reija Latva
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, and Centre for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Peltola
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Tampere, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Tamminen
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Abstract
Good relationships are characterized by frequent positive social interactions, such as having fun together, sharing laughs, doing kind things for one another, and expressing gratitude. Here, building on rapidly emerging findings, I articulate core features of positive interpersonal processes for the first time. This approach leads to useful specificity in predictions about relationship consequences and simultaneously contributes to both affective and relationship science, two domains that span disciplines within the psychological literature. In turn, basic research on everyday positive interpersonal processes points toward new avenues for understanding the well-established links between good relationships and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Algoe
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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