1
|
Torimoto K, Ueda T, Gotoh D, Kano K, Miyake M, Nakai Y, Hori S, Morizawa Y, Onishi K, Shimizu T, Tomizawa M, Aoki J, Fujimoto K. Serum anandamide and lipids associated with linoleic acid can distinguish interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome from overactive bladder: An exploratory study. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2023; 15:238-246. [PMID: 37688290 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosing interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome presents a major challenge because it relies on subjective symptoms and empirical cystoscopic findings. A practical biomarker should discriminate diseases that cause increased urinary frequency, particularly overactive bladder. Therefore, we aimed to identify blood biomarkers that can discriminate between interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and overactive bladder. METHODS We enrolled patients with Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (n = 20), bladder pain syndrome (n = 20), and overactive bladder (n = 20) and without lower urinary tract symptoms (controls, n = 15) at Ueda Clinic and Nara Medical University Hospital from February 2020 to August 2021. The degree of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome symptoms was evaluated using the interstitial cystitis symptom and problem indices. Metabolomics analysis was performed on 323 serum metabolites using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS In the Hunner-type interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome group, we observed smaller relative areas, including anandamide, acylcarnitine (18:2), linoleoyl ethanolamide, and arachidonic acid, compared to those in the overactive bladder or control group. Notably, the differences in the relative areas of anandamide were statistically significant (median: 3.950e-005 and 4.150e-005 vs. 8.300e-005 and 9.800e-005), with an area under the curve of 0.9321, demonstrating its ability to discriminate interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Serum anandamide may be a feasible diagnostic biomarker for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Reduced serum anandamide levels may be associated with pain and inflammation initiation, reflecting the pathology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Furthermore, our findings suggest that abnormal linoleic acid metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Onishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuto Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dickson K, Scott C, White H, Zhou J, Kelly M, Lehmann C. Antibacterial and Analgesic Properties of Beta-Caryophyllene in a Murine Urinary Tract Infection Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104144. [PMID: 37241885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-caryophyllene has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of conditions, including interstitial cystitis. These effects are mediated primarily via the activation of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor. Additional antibacterial properties have recently been suggested, leading to our investigation of the effects of beta-caryophyllene in a murine model of urinary tract infection (UTI). Female BALB/c mice were intravesically inoculated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073. The mice received either beta-caryophyllene, antibiotic treatment using fosfomycin, or combination therapy. After 6, 24, or 72 h, the mice were evaluated for bacterial burden in the bladder and changes in pain and behavioral responses using von Frey esthesiometry. In the 24 h model, the anti-inflammatory effects of beta-caryophyllene were also assessed using intravital microscopy. The mice established a robust UTI by 24 h. Altered behavioral responses persisted 72 h post infection. Treatment with beta-caryophyllene resulted in a significant reduction in the bacterial burden in urine and bladder tissues 24 h post UTI induction and significant improvements in behavioral responses and intravital microscopy parameters, representing reduced inflammation in the bladder. This study demonstrates the utility of beta-caryophyllene as a new adjunct therapy for the management of UTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayle Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Cassidy Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hannah White
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brierley SM, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Sarnelli G, Sharkey KA, Storr M, Tack J. Targeting the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:5-25. [PMID: 36168049 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The management of visceral pain in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction, notably irritable bowel syndrome, presents a considerable clinical challenge, with few available treatment options. Patients are increasingly using cannabis and cannabinoids to control abdominal pain. Cannabis acts on receptors of the endocannabinoid system, an endogenous system of lipid mediators that regulates gastrointestinal function and pain processing pathways in health and disease. The endocannabinoid system represents a logical molecular therapeutic target for the treatment of pain in irritable bowel syndrome. Here, we review the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the endocannabinoid system with a focus on the peripheral and central regulation of gastrointestinal function and visceral nociception. We address the use of cannabinoids in pain management, comparing them to other treatment modalities, including opioids and neuromodulators. Finally, we discuss emerging therapeutic candidates targeting the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of pain in irritable bowel syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Martin Storr
- Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Zentrum für Endoskopie, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castro J, Garcia-Caraballo S, Maddern J, Schober G, Lumsden A, Harrington A, Schmiel S, Lindstrom B, Adams J, Brierley SM. Olorinab (APD371), a peripherally acting, highly selective, full agonist of the cannabinoid receptor 2, reduces colitis-induced acute and chronic visceral hypersensitivity in rodents. Pain 2022; 163:e72-e86. [PMID: 33863856 PMCID: PMC8675055 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Abdominal pain is a key symptom of inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, for which there are inadequate therapeutic options. We tested whether olorinab-a highly selective, full agonist of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2)-reduced visceral hypersensitivity in models of colitis and chronic visceral hypersensitivity (CVH). In rodents, colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of nitrobenzene sulfonic acid derivatives. Control or colitis animals were administered vehicle or olorinab (3 or 30 mg/kg) twice daily by oral gavage for 5 days, starting 1 day before colitis induction. Chronic visceral hypersensitivity mice were administered olorinab (1, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) twice daily by oral gavage for 5 days, starting 24 days after colitis induction. Visceral mechanosensitivity was assessed in vivo by quantifying visceromotor responses (VMRs) to colorectal distension. Ex vivo afferent recordings determined colonic nociceptor firing evoked by mechanical stimuli. Colitis and CVH animals displayed significantly elevated VMRs to colorectal distension and colonic nociceptor hypersensitivity. Olorinab treatment significantly reduced VMRs to control levels in colitis and CVH animals. In addition, olorinab reduced nociceptor hypersensitivity in colitis and CVH states in a concentration- and CB2-dependent manner. By contrast, olorinab did not alter VMRs nor nociceptor responsiveness in control animals. Cannabinoid receptor 2 mRNA was detected in colonic tissue, particularly within epithelial cells, and dorsal root ganglia, with no significant differences between healthy, colitis, and CVH states. These results demonstrate that olorinab reduces visceral hypersensitivity through CB2 agonism in animal models, suggesting that olorinab may provide a novel therapy for inflammatory bowel disease- and irritable bowel syndrome-associated abdominal pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sonia Garcia-Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Maddern
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gudrun Schober
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Lumsden
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Harrington
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shirdi Schmiel
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - John Adams
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stuart M. Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sultana S, Berger G, Lehmann C. Components of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System as Potential Biomarkers for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010019. [PMID: 35054185 PMCID: PMC8775086 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic condition causing bladder pressure and pain. The condition is of unknown etiology and is often accompanied by other symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain, increased urinary urgency, and frequency. There is no definitive diagnosis for IC/BPS, and treatment options are currently limited to physical therapy and medications to help alleviate symptoms. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) is an important regulator of numerous physiological systems, including the urinary system. Modulations of the ECS have been shown to be beneficial for IC/BPS-associated pain and inflammation in rodents. As an attempt to identify potential biomarkers for IC/BPS, we reviewed experimental studies where the components of the ECS have been quantified in experimental models of IC/BPS. Further investigations using well-defined animal models and patients’ data are required to obtain stronger evidence regarding the potential for ECS components to be definitive biomarkers for IC/BPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Geraint Berger
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (C.L.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (C.L.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu Q, Yang Y, Zhang H, Chen C, Zhao J, Yang Z, Fan Y, Li L, Feng H, Zhu J, Yi S. Activation of GPR18 by Resolvin D2 Relieves Pain and Improves Bladder Function in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis Through Inhibiting TRPV1. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4687-4699. [PMID: 34815664 PMCID: PMC8604640 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s329507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hyperalgesia and bladder overactivity are two main symptoms of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Cannabinoid receptors participate in the modulation of pain and bladder function. GPR18, a member of the cannabinoid receptor family, also participates in the regulation of pain and bladder function, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this work, we sought to study the role of GPR18 in IC/BPS. Methods A rat model of IC/BPS was established with cyclophosphamide (CYP). Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) measurement and cystometry were used to evaluate pain and bladder function, respectively. RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to assess the expression and distribution of GPR18. The role of GPR18 in pain and bladder function was studied by intrathecal injection of resolvin D2 (RvD2, a GPR18 agonist) and O-1918 (a GPR18 antagonist). Calcium imaging was used to study the relationship between GPR18 and TRPV1. Results A rat model of IC/BPS, which exhibited a decreased PWT and micturition interval, was successfully established with CYP. The mRNA and protein expression of GPR18 was reduced in the bladder and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in rats with CYP-induced cystitis. Intrathecal injection of RvD2 increased the PWT and micturition interval. However, O-1918 blocked the therapeutic effect of RvD2. GPR18 was present in bladder afferent nerves and colocalized with TRPV1 in DRG, and RvD2 decreased capsaicin-induced calcium influx in DRG. Conclusion Activation of GPR18 by RvD2 alleviated hyperalgesia and improved bladder function, possibly by inhibiting TRPV1 in rats with CYP-induced cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qudong Lu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengshuai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Burns, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Feng
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanhong Yi
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Christie S, Brookes S, Zagorodnyuk V. Endocannabinoids in Bladder Sensory Mechanisms in Health and Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708989. [PMID: 34290614 PMCID: PMC8287826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent surge in research on cannabinoids may have been fueled by changes in legislation in several jurisdictions, and by approval for the use of cannabinoids for treatment of some chronic diseases. Endocannabinoids act largely, but not exclusively on cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CBR1 and CBR2) which are expressed in the bladder mainly by the urothelium and the axons and endings of motor and sensory neurons. A growing body of evidence suggests that endocannabinoid system constitutively downregulates sensory bladder function during urine storage and micturition, under normal physiological conditions. Similarly, exogenous cannabinoid agonists have potent modulatory effects, as do inhibitors of endocannabinoid inactivation. Results suggest a high potential of cannabinoids to therapeutically ameliorate lower urinary tract symptoms in overactive bladder and painful bladder syndromes. At least part of this may be mediated via effects on sensory nerves, although actions on efferent nerves complicate interpretation. The sensory innervation of bladder is complex with at least eight classes identified. There is a large gap in our knowledge of the effects of endocannabinoids and synthetic agonists on different classes of bladder sensory neurons. Future studies are needed to reveal the action of selective cannabinoid receptor 2 agonists and/or peripherally restricted synthetic cannabinoid receptor 1 agonists on bladder sensory neurons in animal models of bladder diseases. There is significant potential for these novel therapeutics which are devoid of central nervous system psychotropic actions, and which may avoid many of the side effects of current treatments for overactive bladder and painful bladder syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Christie
- Discipline of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon Brookes
- Discipline of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vladimir Zagorodnyuk
- Discipline of Human Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Palmitoylethanolamide and Related ALIAmides: Prohomeostatic Lipid Compounds for Animal Health and Wellbeing. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020078. [PMID: 32560159 PMCID: PMC7355440 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually every cellular process is affected by diet and this represents the foundation of dietary management to a variety of small animal disorders. Special attention is currently being paid to a family of naturally occurring lipid amides acting through the so-called autacoid local injury antagonism, i.e., the ALIA mechanism. The parent molecule of ALIAmides, palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA), has being known since the 1950s as a nutritional factor with protective properties. Since then, PEA has been isolated from a variety of plant and animal food sources and its proresolving function in the mammalian body has been increasingly investigated. The discovery of the close interconnection between ALIAmides and the endocannabinoid system has greatly stimulated research efforts in this field. The multitarget and highly redundant mechanisms through which PEA exerts prohomeostatic functions fully breaks with the classical pharmacology view of “one drug, one target, one disease”, opening a new era in the management of animals’ health, i.e., an according-to-nature biomodulation of body responses to different stimuli and injury. The present review focuses on the direct and indirect endocannabinoid receptor agonism by PEA and its analogues and also targets the main findings from experimental and clinical studies on ALIAmides in animal health and wellbeing.
Collapse
|
9
|
A Novel Alternative in the Treatment of Detrusor Overactivity? In Vivo Activity of O-1602, the Newly Synthesized Agonist of GPR55 and GPR18 Cannabinoid Receptors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061384. [PMID: 32197469 PMCID: PMC7144400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the research was to assess the impact of O-1602—novel GPR55 and GPR18 agonist—in the rat model of detrusor overactivity (DO). Additionally, its effect on the level of specific biomarkers was examined. To stimulate DO, 0.75% retinyl acetate (RA) was administered to female rats’ bladders. O-1602, at a single dose of 0.25 mg/kg, was injected intra-arterially during conscious cystometry. Furthermore, heart rate, blood pressure, and urine production were monitored for 24 h, and the impact of O-1602 on the levels of specific biomarkers was evaluated. An exposure of the urothelium to RA changed cystometric parameters and enhanced the biomarker levels. O-1602 did not affect any of the examined cystometric parameters or levels of biomarkers in control rats. However, the O-1602 injection into animals with RA-induced DO ameliorated the symptoms of DO and caused a reversal in the described changes in the concentration of CGRP, OCT3, BDNF, and NGF to the levels observed in the control, while the values of ERK1/2 and VAChT were significantly lowered compared with the RA-induced DO group, but were still statistically higher than in the control. O-1602 can improve DO, and may serve as a promising novel substance for the pharmacotherapy of bladder diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Berger G, Arora N, Burkovskiy I, Xia Y, Chinnadurai A, Westhofen R, Hagn G, Cox A, Kelly M, Zhou J, Lehmann C. Experimental Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Activation by Phyto-Derived and Synthetic Cannabinoid Ligands in LPS-Induced Interstitial Cystitis in Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234239. [PMID: 31766439 PMCID: PMC6930590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder disorder with unclear etiology. The endocannabinoid system has been identified as a key regulator of immune function, with experimental evidence for the involvement of cannabinoid receptors in bladder inflammation. This study used intravital microscopy (IVM) and behavioral testing in lipopolysaccharide-induced IC, to investigate the anti-inflammatory analgesic effects of a natural dietary sesquiterpenoid, beta-caryophyllene (BCP), which is present in cannabis among other plants, and has reported agonist actions at the cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R). BCP’s anti-inflammatory actions were compared to the synthetic CB2R-selective cannabinoid, HU308, and to an FDA-approved clinical treatment (dimethyl sulfoxide: DMSO). IVM data revealed that intravesical instillation of BCP and/or HU308 significantly reduces the number of adhering leukocytes in submucosal bladder venules and improves bladder capillary perfusion. The effects of BCP were found to be comparable to that of the selective CB2R synthetic cannabinoid, HU308, and superior to intravesical DMSO treatment. Oral treatment with BCP was also able to reduce bladder inflammation and significantly reduced mechanical allodynia in experimental IC. Based on our findings, we believe that CB2R activation may represent a viable therapeutic target for IC, and that drugs that activate CB2R, such as the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) dietary sesquiterpenoid, BCP, may serve as an adjunct and/or alternative treatment option for alleviating symptoms of inflammation and pain in the management of IC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraint Berger
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nipun Arora
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ian Burkovskiy
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yanfang Xia
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Anu Chinnadurai
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Robert Westhofen
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Georg Hagn
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ashley Cox
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (G.B.); (N.A.); (I.B.); (Y.X.); (A.C.); (R.W.); (G.H.); (M.K.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-423-9454
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu J, Shi G. Pirfenidone activates cannabinoid receptor 2 in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4241-4248. [PMID: 31777533 PMCID: PMC6862507 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation serves an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) is a receptor predominantly expressed in the immune system. CB2R agonists can be used to treat a wide range of inflammation-related diseases. Pirfenidone has been demonstrated to be effective for IPF treatment. The aim of present study was to investigate whether CB2R activation mediates the antifibrotic effect of pirfenidone. For that purpose, mice were intravenously injected with bleomycin (BLM; 5 mg/kg/day). pirfenidone (300 mg/kg/day) was then orally administered for 15 days. Lung pathological alterations in the mice were evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining. The mRNA and protein levels of CB2R in lung tissues were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The levels of inflammatory factors were determined by ELISA. The effect of pirfenidone on WI38 cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The results demonstrated that CB2R protein and mRNA levels increased with increasing fibrosis in mice with BLM-induced IPF. Pirfenidone administration significantly ameliorated IPF and reduced the serum levels of inflammatory factors induced by BLM. Pirfenidone also inhibited fibroblast cell proliferation and decreased the levels of inflammatory factors in vitro, which could be reversed by the CB2R antagonist SR144528, suggesting that CB2R was activated by pirfenidone. In conclusion, pirfenidone attenuated and activated CB2R in BLM-treated mice. In addition, pirfenidone inhibited fibroblast cell proliferation in vitro. These effects could be reversed by the CB2R antagonist SR144528. Thus, activation of CB2R may be considered a mechanism of the antifibrotic effects of pirfenidone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Guiling Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin 300121, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guerrero-Alba R, Barragán-Iglesias P, González-Hernández A, Valdez-Moráles EE, Granados-Soto V, Condés-Lara M, Rodríguez MG, Marichal-Cancino BA. Some Prospective Alternatives for Treating Pain: The Endocannabinoid System and Its Putative Receptors GPR18 and GPR55. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1496. [PMID: 30670965 PMCID: PMC6331465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Marijuana extracts (cannabinoids) have been used for several millennia for pain treatment. Regarding the site of action, cannabinoids are highly promiscuous molecules, but only two cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) have been deeply studied and classified. Thus, therapeutic actions, side effects and pharmacological targets for cannabinoids have been explained based on the pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1/CB2 receptors. However, the accumulation of confusing and sometimes contradictory results suggests the existence of other cannabinoid receptors. Different orphan proteins (e.g., GPR18, GPR55, GPR119, etc.) have been proposed as putative cannabinoid receptors. According to their expression, GPR18 and GPR55 could be involved in sensory transmission and pain integration. Methods: This article reviews select relevant information about the potential role of GPR18 and GPR55 in the pathophysiology of pain. Results: This work summarized novel data supporting that, besides cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR18 and GPR55 may be useful for pain treatment. Conclusion: There is evidence to support an antinociceptive role for GPR18 and GPR55.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Abimael González-Hernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Eduardo E Valdez-Moráles
- Cátedras CONACYT, Departamento de Cirugía, Centro de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Condés-Lara
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Martín G Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Toguri J, Leishman E, Szczesniak A, Laprairie R, Oehler O, Straiker A, Kelly M, Bradshaw H. Inflammation and CB2 signaling drive novel changes in the ocular lipidome and regulate immune cell activity in the eye. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
14
|
Kim SD, Cho KJ, Kim JC. Expression of cannabinoid 1 and, 2 receptors and the effects of cannabinoid 1 and, 2 receptor agonists on detrusor overactivity associated with bladder outlet obstruction in rats. BMC Urol 2017; 17:121. [PMID: 29284441 PMCID: PMC5747270 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated changes in the expression of cannabinoid (CB) receptors and the effects of CB1 and CB2 agonists on detrusor overactivity (DO) associated with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in rats. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10) in each group. The control group comprised sham-operated rats. A animals in the BOO, CB1 agonist and CB2 agonist groups all underwent BOO surgery. Three weeks postoperatively, cystometrography (CMG) was performed on all rats. After confirming the presence of DO in the CB1 and CB2 agonist groups, a CB1 agonist (WIN 55,212–2) and a CB2 agonist (CB65) were instilled intravesically, and CMG was repeated. CMG parameters, including the contraction interval (CI) and contraction pressure (CP) were then analyzed. The bladders of rats in all four groups were excised following CMG. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were performed to localize CB1 and CB2 and measure their expression levels in the urothelium and detrusor muscle. Results The CI was significantly longer and the CP was significantly lower in the CB1 agonist group than in the BOO group. CI and CP in the CB2 agonist group showed the same results. CB1 receptor immunofluorescence staining signals and immunoreactive bands in Western blotting were increased in the BOO group compared with results in the control group. Similarly, results for the CB2 receptor were also increased in the BOO group, although this difference was not significant. The CMG parameters in the BOO group were significantly improved by the inhibitory effects of CB1 and CB2 agonists on BOO-associated DO. The expression of CB1 was significantly increased in the urothelium and detrusor muscle in BOO-associated DO, but no significant change in CB2 expression was observed. Conclusions CB1 and CB2 receptors, especially CB1, play a role in the pathophysiology of BOO-associated DO, and could serve as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Dae Kim
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Kang Jun Cho
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Sosa-Ro 327, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Seoul, 14647, South Korea
| | - Joon Chul Kim
- Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Sosa-Ro 327, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Seoul, 14647, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kelly MEM, Lehmann C, Zhou J. The Endocannabinoid System in Local and Systemic Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4199/c00151ed1v01y201702isp074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Veronesi F, Tschon M, Fini M. Gene Expression in Osteolysis: Review on the Identification of Altered Molecular Pathways in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E499. [PMID: 28245614 PMCID: PMC5372515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic loosening (AL) due to osteolysis is the primary cause of joint prosthesis failure. Currently, a second surgery is still the only available treatment for AL, with its associated drawbacks. The present review aims at identifying genes whose expression is altered in osteolysis, and that could be the target of new pharmacological treatments, with the goal of replacing surgery. This review also aims at identifying the molecular pathways altered by different wear particles. We reviewed preclinical and clinical studies from 2010 to 2016, analyzing gene expression of tissues or cells affected by osteolysis. A total of 32 in vitro, 16 in vivo and six clinical studies were included. These studies revealed that genes belonging to both inflammation and osteoclastogenesis pathways are mainly involved in osteolysis. More precisely, an increase in genes encoding for the following factors were observed: Interleukins 6 and 1β (IL16 and β), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1), Cathepsin K (CATK) and Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Titanium (Ti) and Polyethylene (PE) were the most studied particles, showing that Ti up-regulated inflammation and osteoclastogenesis related genes, while PE up-regulated primarily osteoclastogenesis related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hedlund P, Gratzke C. The endocannabinoid system — a target for the treatment of LUTS? Nat Rev Urol 2016; 13:463-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
19
|
Anandamide transporter-mediated regulation of the micturition reflex in urethane-anesthetized rats. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1407-12. [PMID: 27256398 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an anandamide transporter inhibitor that can increase endogenous anandamide concentration on the micturition reflex in urethane-anesthetized rats. METHODS Continuous cystometrograms were performed in female Sprague-Dawley rats under urethane anesthesia. After stable micturition cycles were established, VDM11 (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg), an anandamide membrane transporter inhibitor, was administered intravenously to evaluate changes in bladder activity. In experiments examining the effects of cannabinoid (CB) receptor antagonists, VDM11 (10 mg/kg) was injected intravenously when the first bladder contraction was observed after intravenous administration of AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist (3 mg/kg), or AM630, a CB2 receptor antagonist (3 mg/kg). RESULTS Intravenous administration of VDM11 increased intercontraction intervals and threshold pressure at doses of 3 mg/kg or higher in dose-dependent fashion. When AM251 was administered one voiding cycle before VDM11 administration, the increases in intercontraction intervals and threshold pressure induced by VDM11 administration alone were not seen. In contrast, when AM630 was administered before VDM11 administration, increases in intercontraction intervals and threshold pressure were observed, as they were after VDM11 alone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that anandamide, an endogenous CB ligand, can modulate the micturition reflex and that anandamide transporters play an important role in this modulation. In urethane-anesthetized rats, inhibition of the uptake of anandamide can inhibit the micturition reflex and these inhibitory effects of VDM11 are at least in part mediated by the CB1 receptor.
Collapse
|
20
|
Andersson KE. Potential Future Pharmacological Treatment of Bladder Dysfunction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119 Suppl 3:75-85. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erik Andersson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston Salem NC USA
- Aarhus Institute for Advanced Sciences (AIAS); Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effects of cannabinoid receptor activation by CP55,940 on normal bladder function and irritation-induced bladder overactivity in non-awake anaesthetised rats. Int Urogynecol J 2016; 27:1393-400. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-016-2984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
22
|
Juszczak K, Maciukiewicz P. The role of the peripheral cannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of detrusor overactivity evoked by increased intravesical osmolarity in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:721-6. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are localized in the urinary bladder and play a role in the regulation of its function. We investigated the pathomechanisms through which hyperosmolarity induces detrusor overactivity (DO). We compared urinary bladder activity in response to blockade of CB1 and CB2 receptors using AM281 and AM630, respectively, in normal rats and after hyperosmolar stimulation. Experiments were performed on 44 rats. DO was induced by intravesical instillation of hyperosmolar saline. Surgical procedures and cystometry were performed under urethane anaesthesia. The measurements represent the average of 5 bladder micturition cycles. We analysed basal, threshold, and micturition voiding pressure; intercontraction interval; compliance; functional bladder capacity; motility index; and detrusor overactivity index. The blockage of CB1 and CB2 receptors diminished the severity of hyperosmolar-induced DO. In comparison with naïve animals the increased frequency of voiding with no significant effect on intravesical voiding pressure profile was observed as a result of the blockage of CB1 and CB2 receptors. These results demonstrate that hyperosmolar-induced DO is mediated by CB1 and CB2 receptors. Therefore, the cannabinoid pathway could potentially be a target for the treatment of urinary bladder dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Juszczak
- Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Złotej Jesieni 1, 31-826 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Maciukiewicz
- Department of Urology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Złotej Jesieni 1, 31-826 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bakali E, McDonald J, Elliott RA, Lambert DG, Tincello DG. Cannabinoid receptor expression in the bladder is altered in detrusor overactivity. Int Urogynecol J 2015. [PMID: 26224382 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-015-2802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunohistochemical (IHC) evidence shows that cannabinoid receptors (CB) are expressed in human bladders and cannabinoid agonists are known to inhibit detrusor contractility. However, the mechanism for this inhibition remains unknown. In addition, the role of CB in detrusor overactivity (DO) is under-investigated. The aim of this study was to compare CB expression in normal and DO human bladders and to further characterise these receptors. METHODS Polymer chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect differences in CB transcripts in bladder samples. Differences in CB protein expression was assessed by IHC. Immunofluorescence (IF) was used to evaluate co-localisation of CB with nerve fibres. Receptor density and binding affinity were measured using the cannabinoid radioligand [(3)H]-CP-55,940. RESULTS There were higher levels of CB1 transcripts in the urothelium of patients with DO and lower levels in the detrusor, compared with normal bladders. Radioligand binding revealed CB density of 421 ± 104 fmol/mg protein in normal human bladders. IHC confirmed these findings at the protein level. IF staining demonstrated co-localisation of CB1 with choline acetyltransferase-(ChAT)-positive nerves in the detrusor and co-localisation with PGP9.5 in both urothelium and detrusor. CB2 was co-localised with both ChAT and PGP9.5 in the urothelium and the detrusor. CONCLUSIONS Cannabinoid receptor expression is reduced in the detrusor of patients with DO, which may play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Co-localisation of CB receptors with cholinergic nerves may suggest that CB1, being localised on pre- and postsynaptic terminals, could influence neurotransmitter release. Our findings suggest the potential role of cannabinoid agonists in overactive bladder pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Bakali
- Reproductive Sciences Section, Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. .,Department of Health Sciences, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - John McDonald
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ruth A Elliott
- Reproductive Sciences Section, Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David G Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Douglas G Tincello
- Reproductive Sciences Section, Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Association Between Cannabis Use and the Risk of Bladder Cancer: Results From the California Men's Health Study. Urology 2015; 85:388-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
25
|
Wang ZY, Wang P, Bjorling DE. Activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 inhibits increased bladder activity induced by nerve growth factor. Neurosci Lett 2015; 589:19-24. [PMID: 25575795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important mediator of inflammatory pain, in part by sensitizing afferent nerve fibers, and expression of NGF is increased during bladder inflammation. We investigated whether intravesical instillation of the selective cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) agonist arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) affects NGF-induced increased bladder activity in female C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice. We also examined the effects of intravesical NGF in female fatty acid amide hydrolase knock-out (FAAH KO) mice. We found that CB1 and tyrosine kinase A (trkA, the high-affinity NGF receptor) were present in L6 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) afferent neurons and in bladders of both genotypes. Intravesical NGF increased bladder activity that was inhibited by intravesical ACEA in WT mice. The inhibitory effects of ACEA were reversed by the selective CB1 antagonist AM 251. Intravesical NGF failed to affect bladder activity in FAAH KO mice, and treatment with AM251, restored the stimulatory effects of NGF on the bladder in FAAH KO mice. These results indicate that activation of CB1 inhibits increased bladder activity induced by NGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Yi Wang
- Departments of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Peiqing Wang
- Departments of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dale E Bjorling
- Departments of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Departments of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qiao Z, Xia C, Shen S, Corwin FD, Liu M, Guan R, Grider JR, Qiao LY. Suppression of the PI3K pathway in vivo reduces cystitis-induced bladder hypertrophy and restores bladder capacity examined by magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114536. [PMID: 25486122 PMCID: PMC4259345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the real-time status of the urinary bladder in normal and diseased states following cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis, and also examined the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in the regulation of urinary bladder hypertrophy in vivo. Our results showed that under MRI visualization the urinary bladder wall was significantly thickened at 8 h and 48 h post CYP injection. The intravesical volume of the urinary bladder was also markedly reduced. Treatment of the cystitis animals with a specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reduced cystitis-induced bladder wall thickening and enlarged the intravesical volumes. To confirm the MRI results, we performed H&E stain postmortem and examined the levels of type I collagen by real-time PCR and western blot. Inhibition of the PI3K in vivo reduced the levels of type I collagen mRNA and protein in the urinary bladder ultimately attenuating cystitis-induced bladder hypertrophy. The bladder mass calculated according to MRI data was consistent to the bladder weight measured ex vivo under each drug treatment. MRI results also showed that the urinary bladder from animals with cystitis demonstrated high magnetic signal intensity indicating considerable inflammation of the urinary bladder when compared to normal animals. This was confirmed by examination of the pro-inflammatory factors showing that interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α levels in the urinary bladder were increased with cystitis. Our results suggest that MRI can be a useful technique in tracing bladder anatomy and examining bladder hypertrophy in vivo during disease development and the PI3K pathway has a critical role in regulating bladder hypertrophy during cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Qiao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Division of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shanwei Shen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Frank D. Corwin
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ruijuan Guan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John R. Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Li-Ya Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hedlund P. Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in lower urinary tract function and dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 33:46-53. [PMID: 24285567 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To review knowledge on cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in lower urinary tract function and dysfunction. METHODS Review of MEDLINE using defined search terms, and manual analysis. Articles published in English were included. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Components of the endocannabinoid system—cannabinoid (CB)receptor types 1 and 2, anandamide, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which degrades anandamide and related fatty-acid amides—have been located to lower urinary tract tissues of mice, rats, monkeys, and humans. Studies have located CB receptors in urothelium and sensory nerves and FAAH in the urothelium. CB receptor- and FAAH-related activities have also been reported in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Data on supraspinal CB functions in relation to micturition are lacking. Cannabinoids are reported to reduce sensory activity of isolated tissues, cause antihyperalgesia in animal studies of bladder inflammation, affect urodynamics parameters reflecting sensory functions in animals models, and appear to have effects on storage symptoms in humans. FAAH inhibitors have affected sensory bladder functions and reduced bladder overactivity in rat models. Cannabinoids may modify nerve-mediated functions of isolated lower urinary tract tissues. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests components of the endocannabinoid system are involved in regulation of bladder function, possibly at several levels of the micturition pathway. It is unclear if either CB receptor has a dominant role in modification of sensory signals or if differences exist at peripheral and central nervous sites. Amplification of endocannabinoid activity by FAAH inhibitors may be an attractive drug target in specific pathways involved in LUTS.
Collapse
|
28
|
Feng CC, Yan XJ, Chen X, Wang EM, Liu Q, Zhang LY, Chen J, Fang JY, Chen SL. Vagal anandamide signaling via cannabinoid receptor 1 contributes to luminal 5-HT modulation of visceral nociception in rats. Pain 2014; 155:1591-1604. [PMID: 24813296 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) plays pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), and luminal 5-HT time-dependently modulates visceral nociception. We found that duodenal biopsies from PI-IBS patients exhibited increased 5-HT and decreased anandamide levels and that decreased anandamide was associated with abdominal pain severity, indicating a link between 5-HT and endocannabinoid signaling pathways in PI-IBS. To understand this, we investigated the role of endocannabinoids in 5-HT modulation of visceral nociception in a rat model. Acute intraduodenally applied 5-HT attenuated the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention, and this was reversed by the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist AM251. Duodenal anandamide (but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol) content was greatly increased after luminal 5-HT treatment. This effect was abrogated by the 5-HT 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonist granisetron, which was luminally delivered to preferentially target vagal terminals. Chemical denervation of vagal afferents blocked 5-HT-evoked antinociception and anandamide release. Chronic luminal 5-HT exposure for 5 days increased baseline VMR and VMR post-5-HT (days 4 and 5). Duodenal levels of anandamide and N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD, the anandamide-synthesizing enzyme) protein gradually declined from day 1 to 5. The time-dependent effects of 5-HT were abolished by daily granisetron pretreatment. Daily pretreatment with CB1 agonists or anandamide from day 3 attenuated 5-HT-induced hyperalgesia. These data suggest that vagal 5-HT3R-mediated duodenal anandamide release contributes to acute luminal 5-HT-induced antinociception via CB1 signaling, whereas decreased anandamide is associated with hyperalgesia upon chronic 5-HT treatment. Further understanding of peripheral vagal anandamide signaling may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying 5-HT-related IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China Department of pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Inhibition of peripheral FAAH depresses activities of bladder mechanosensitive nerve fibers of the rat. J Urol 2014; 192:956-63. [PMID: 24746881 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE FAAH degrades endocannabinoids and fatty acid amides. FAAH inhibition reduces micturition frequency and counteracts bladder overactivity in rats. We studied the effects of the peripherally active selective FAAH inhibitor URB937, and the CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists rimonabant and SR144528, respectively, on single unit afferent activity of primary bladder afferents in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Sprague Dawley® rats were anesthetized. Single unit afferent activity of Aδ or C-fibers from the L6 dorsal roots was recorded during bladder filling before and after URB937 administration with or without rimonabant or SR144528. Drugs (1 mg/kg) were given intravenously. FAAH, CB1 and CB2 expression, and expression of the sensory marker CGRP in the L6 dorsal root ganglion were compared by immunofluorescence. RESULTS A total of 102 single afferent fibers (48 Aδ and 54 C-fibers) were isolated from 57 rats. URB937 decreased single unit afferent activity of C-fibers to a mean ± SEM of 78% ± 9% and of Aδ-fibers to a mean of 67% ± 7% while increasing bladder compliance to a mean of 116% ± 3%. The effects of URB937 on single unit afferent activity and bladder compliance were counteracted by rimonabant or SR144528. Rimonabant increased single unit afferent activity of each fiber type but SR144528 affected only Aδ-fiber activity. CGRP positive L6 dorsal root ganglion neurons showed strong FAAH, CB1 and CB2 staining. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge we report for the first time that inhibiting peripheral FAAH depresses the Aδ and C-fiber activity of primary bladder afferents via CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB antagonists alone exerted facilitatory effects on single unit afferent activity during bladder filling in rats. The endocannabinoid system may be involved in physiological control of micturition as regulators of afferent signals.
Collapse
|
30
|
Evaluation of selective cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptor agonists in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced interstitial cystitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 729:67-74. [PMID: 24561047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis is a debilitating bladder inflammation disorder. To date, the understanding of the causes of interstitial cystitis remains largely fragmentary and there is no effective treatment available. Recent experimental results have shown a functional role of the endocannabinoid system in urinary bladder. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of selective cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists in a mouse model of interstitial cystitis. Bladder inflammation was induced in mice by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and whole bladders were removed 24h later. LPS induced a significant increase of the contractile amplitude in spontaneous activity and a hypersensitivity to exogenous acetylcholine-induced contraction of whole-isolated bladder. Next, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of cannabinoidergic compounds by pretreating mice with CB1 or CB2 selective agonist compounds, respectively ACEA and JWH015. Interestingly, JWH015, but not ACEA, antagonized LPS-induced bladder inflammation. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity was studied by evaluation, leukocytes mucosa infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL-1α and IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. JWH015 significantly decreased leukocytes infiltration in both submucosa and mucosa, as well as the myeloperoxydase activity, in LPS treated mice. JWH015 reduced mRNA expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α. LPS treatment increased expression of bladder CB2 but not CB1 mRNA. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that modulation of the cannabinoid CB2 receptors might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of bladder diseases and conditions characterized by inflammation, such as interstitial cystitis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Gui H, Liu X, Wang ZW, He DY, Su DF, Dai SM. Expression of cannabinoid receptor 2 and its inhibitory effects on synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:802-9. [PMID: 24440992 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have suggested immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) activation, which shows no psychoactivity. However, it is still unclear whether CB2R is expressed in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA. In this study we investigated whether CB2R is expressed in FLS of RA, and whether CB2R activation modulates the function of RA-FLS. METHODS Expression of CB2R in synovial tissue and FLS was studied by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and RT-PCR. mRNA expression levels of CB2R, IL-6 and MMPs were analysed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The protein concentrations of IL-6 and MMPs in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. The protein levels of signal transducing molecules were assayed by western blotting. RESULTS Both mRNA and protein expression of CB2R were found in synovial tissue and cultured FLS with slightly higher levels in RA patients than in OA patients. In cultured RA-FLS, the expression level of CB2R was up-regulated by stimulation with IL-1β, TNF-α or lipopolysaccharide. In vitro, HU-308, a selective CB2R agonist, inhibited IL-1β-induced proliferation of RA-FLS as well as IL-1β-induced production of MMP-3, MMP-13 and IL-6 in RA-FLS in a dose-dependent manner. HU-308 also suppressed IL-1β-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in FLS. CONCLUSION In RA-FLS, proinflammatory mediators up-regulate the expression of CB2R, which negatively regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs. These data suggest that CB2R may be a potential therapeutic target of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gui
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Füllhase C, Campeau L, Sibaev A, Storr M, Hennenberg M, Gratzke C, Stief C, Hedlund P, Andersson KE. Bladder function in a cannabinoid receptor type 1 knockout mouse. BJU Int 2013; 113:144-51. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Füllhase
- Department of Urology; Klinikum Großhadern; Munich Germany
- Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - Lysanne Campeau
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem NC USA
| | - Andrei Sibaev
- Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine; Klinikum Großhadern; Munich Germany
| | - Martin Storr
- Department of Internal Medicine; Klinikum Großhadern; Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | - Petter Hedlund
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffele University; Milan Italy
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University; Winston-Salem NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cécyre B, Thomas S, Ptito M, Casanova C, Bouchard JF. Evaluation of the specificity of antibodies raised against cannabinoid receptor type 2 in the mouse retina. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 387:175-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
34
|
Gandaglia G, Strittmatter F, La Croce G, Benigni F, Bettiga A, Castiglione F, Moschini M, Mistretta F, Gratzke C, Montorsi F, Stief C, Hedlund P. The fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor oleoyl ethyl amide counteracts bladder overactivity in female rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2013; 33:1251-8. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gandaglia
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Frank Strittmatter
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Department of Urology; Munich University; Munich Germany
| | - Giovanni La Croce
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Arianna Bettiga
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Fabio Castiglione
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Marco Moschini
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Mistretta
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | | | - Francesco Montorsi
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | | | - Petter Hedlund
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Campeau L, Füllhase C, Sawada N, Gratzke C, Hedlund P, Howlett AC, Andersson KE. Characterization of bladder function in a cannabinoid receptor type 2 knockout mouse in vivo and in vitro. Neurourol Urodyn 2013; 33:566-70. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Campeau
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem North Carolina
- Department of Urology; New York University; New York New York
| | - Claudius Füllhase
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Groβhadern, LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem North Carolina
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Groβhadern, LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Petter Hedlund
- Urological Research Institute; San Raffaele University; Milan Italy
| | - Allyn C. Howlett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Wake Forest University; School of Medicine; Winston-Salem North Carolina
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Feng X, Meng H, Li S, Zhu Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang D, Jiang X, Li N, Shi B. Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 are associated with bladder dysfunction in an experimental diabetic rat model. BJU Int 2013; 112:E143-50. [PMID: 23795792 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology; Jinan Second People's Hospital; Jinan; China
| | - Zhaocun Zhang
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Xiaodi Feng
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Urology; Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Anesthesiology; Second Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology; Qilu Hospital of Shandong University; Jinan; China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang ZY, Wang P, Bjorling DE. Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 inhibits experimental cystitis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 304:R846-53. [PMID: 23515618 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00585.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids have been shown to exert analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and the effects of cannabinoids are mediated primarily by cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1and CB2). Both CB1 and CB2 are present in bladders of various species, including human, monkey, and rodents, and it appears that CB2 is highly expressed in urothelial cells. We investigated whether treatment with the CB2 agonist GP1a alters severity of experimental cystitis induced by acrolein and referred mechanical hyperalgesia associated with cystitis. We also investigated whether the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), ERK1/2, p38, and JNK are involved in the functions of CB2. We found that treatment with the selective CB2 agonist GP1a (1-10 mg/kg, ip) inhibited the severity of bladder inflammation 3 h after intravesical instillation of acrolein in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibition reached significance at a dose of 10 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Treatment with GP1a (10 mg/kg) inhibited referred mechanical hyperalgesia associated with cystitis (P < 0.05). The inhibitory effects of the CB2 agonist were prevented by the selective CB2 antagonist AM630 (10 mg/kg, sc). We further demonstrated the inhibitory effects of CB2 appear to be at least partly mediated by reducing bladder inflammation-induced activation of ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. The results of the current study indicate that CB2 is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of bladder inflammation and pain in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Yi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kraft B. Is there any clinically relevant cannabinoid-induced analgesia? Pharmacology 2012; 89:237-46. [PMID: 22507873 DOI: 10.1159/000337376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kraft
- Department of Special Anesthesia and Pain Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Veress G, Meszar Z, Muszil D, Avelino A, Matesz K, Mackie K, Nagy I. Characterisation of cannabinoid 1 receptor expression in the perikarya, and peripheral and spinal processes of primary sensory neurons. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:733-50. [PMID: 22618437 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor is expressed by a sub-population of primary sensory neurons. However, data on the neurochemical identity of the CB1 receptor-expressing cells, and CB1 receptor expression by the peripheral and central terminals of these neurons are inconsistent and limited. We characterised CB1 receptor expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord at the lumbar 4-5 level, as well as in the urinary bladder and glabrous skin of the hindpaw. About 1/3 of DRG neurons exhibited immunopositivity for the CB1 receptor, the majority of which showed positivity for the nociceptive markers calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or/and Griffonia (bandeiraea) simplicifolia IB4 isolectin-binding. Virtually all CB1 receptor-immunostained fibres showed immunopositivity for CGRP in the skin, while very few did in the urinary bladder. No CB1 receptor-immunopositive nerve fibres were IB4 positive in either peripheral tissue. Spinal laminae I and II-outer showed the highest density of CB1 receptor-immunopositive punctae, the majority of which showed positivity for CGRP or/and IB4 binding. These data indicate that a major sub-population of nociceptive primary sensory neurons expresses CB1 receptors that are transported to both peripheral and central terminals of these cells. Therefore, the present data suggest that manipulation of endogenous CB1 receptor agonist levels in these areas may significantly reduce nociceptive input into the spinal cord.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Cholera Toxin/metabolism
- Epidermal Cells
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Nerve Fibers/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/deficiency
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/cytology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Veress
- Pathology Unit, Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár H7400, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Apostolidis A. Taming the cannabinoids: new potential in the pharmacologic control of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Eur Urol 2011; 61:107-9; discussion 109-11. [PMID: 21996529 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
41
|
Strittmatter F, Gandaglia G, Benigni F, Bettiga A, Rigatti P, Montorsi F, Gratzke C, Stief C, Colciago G, Hedlund P. Expression of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in human, mouse, and rat urinary bladder and effects of FAAH inhibition on bladder function in awake rats. Eur Urol 2011; 61:98-106. [PMID: 21930339 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabinoid receptor (CB)-mediated functions may be involved in the regulation of bladder function, but information on endocannabinoid signals during micturition is scarce. OBJECTIVE Investigate the expression of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in human, rat, and mouse bladders and study the effects of inhibition of FAAH during urodynamics in awake rats. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Bladder tissue from humans, mice, and rats was used for measurements. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered the FAAH inhibitor oleoyl ethyl amide (OEtA) or vehicle intravenously (IV) or intravesically (IVES) with or without rimonabant (CB1 antagonist) or SR144528 (CB2 antagonist). MEASUREMENTS Real-time transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and cystometry in awake rats. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Messenger RNA and protein for FAAH was expressed in the mucosa of human, mouse, and rat urinary bladders. Immunoreactivities for FAAH and CB2 were codistributed in rat and human urothelium. IV OEtA (0.3mg/kg) to rats increased intercontraction intervals (ICIs), micturition volume (MV), bladder capacity (BC), and threshold pressure (TP) by 17±1%, 16±1%, 17±1%, and 19±5%, respectively (all p<0.05 vs baseline). IVES OEtA (1 and 10mg/l) in rats dose-dependently increased (p<0.05 vs baseline) ICI (19±2% and 35±5%), MV (15±3% and 32±4%), BC (16±2% and 34±4%), and TP (15±1%, 21±3%). SR144528 (IVES 5mg/l) abolished all effects of OEtA, whereas rimonabant only counteracted effects of OEtA on TP. CONCLUSIONS Bladder mucosa of all species expressed FAAH. Rat and human urothelium coexpressed FAAH and CB2. The FAAH inhibitor OEtA altered urodynamic parameters that reflect sensory functions of micturition in rats. Suggesting a role for the endocannabinoid system in bladder mechanoafferent functions of rats, effects of IVES OEtA were abolished by an IVES CB2 antagonist and partly counteracted by an IVES CB1 antagonist.
Collapse
|
42
|
Björklund E, Forsgren S, Alfredson H, Fowler CJ. Increased expression of cannabinoid CB₁ receptors in Achilles tendinosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24731. [PMID: 21931835 PMCID: PMC3169627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The endogenous cannabinoid system is involved in the control of pain. However, little is known as to the integrity of the cannabinoid system in human pain syndromes. Here we investigate the expression of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in human Achilles tendons from healthy volunteers and from patients with Achilles tendinosis. Methodology Cannabinoid CB1 receptor immunoreactivity (CB1IR) was evaluated in formalin-fixed biopsies from individuals suffering from painful Achilles tendinosis in comparison with healthy human Achilles tendons. Principal Findings CB1IR was seen as a granular pattern in the tenocytes. CB1IR was also observed in the blood vessel wall and in the perineurium of the nerve. Quantification of the immunoreactivity in tenocytes showed an increase of CB1 receptor expression in tendinosis tissue compared to control tissue. Conclusion Expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 is increased in human Achilles tendinosis suggesting that the cannabinoid system may be dysregulated in this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmelie Björklund
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Petrov RR, Ferrini ME, Jaffar Z, Thompson CM, Roberts K, Diaz P. Design and evaluation of a novel fluorescent CB2 ligand as probe for receptor visualization in immune cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5859-62. [PMID: 21855337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB2 receptor has emerged as a very promising target over the last decades. We have synthesized and evaluated a new fluorescent probe designated NMP6 based on 6-methoxyisatin scaffold, which exhibited selectivity and K(i) value at hCB2 of 387 nM. We have demonstrated its ability to be an effective probe for visualization of CB2 receptor binding using confocal microscopy and a flow cytometry probe for the analysis of CB2 protein expression. Furthermore, NMP6 was easily obtained in two chemical steps from commercially available building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravil R Petrov
- Core Laboratory for Neuromolecular Production, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Curto-Reyes V, Boto T, Hidalgo A, Menéndez L, Baamonde A. Antinociceptive effects induced through the stimulation of spinal cannabinoid type 2 receptors in chronically inflamed mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668:184-9. [PMID: 21771590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The stimulation of spinal cannabinoid type 2 (CB(2)) receptors is a suitable strategy for the alleviation of experimental pain symptoms. Several reports have described the up-regulation of spinal cannabinoid CB(2) receptors in neuropathic settings together with the analgesic effects derived from their activation. Besides, we have recently reported in two murine bone cancer models that the intrathecal administration of cannabinoid CB(2) receptor agonists completely abolishes hyperalgesia and allodynia, whereas spinal cannabinoid CB(2) receptor expression remains unaltered. The present experiments were designed to measure the expression of spinal cannabinoid CB(2) receptors as well as the analgesic efficacy derived from their stimulation in mice chronically inflamed by the intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant 1 week before. Both spinal cannabinoid CB(2) receptors mRNA measured by real-time PCR and cannabinoid CB(2) receptor protein levels measured by western blot remained unaltered in inflamed mice. Besides, the intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor agonists AM1241, (R,S)-3-(2-Iodo-5-nitrobenzoyl)-1-(1-methyl-2-piperidinylmethyl)-1H-indole, (0.03-1 μg) and JWH 133, (6aR,10aR)-3-(1,1-Dimethylbutyl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran, (3-30 μg) dose-dependently blocked inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. The analgesic effects induced by both agonists were counteracted by the coadministration of the selective cannabinoid CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528, 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-N-[(1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide, (5 μg) but not by the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist AM251, N-(Piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide, (10 μg). The effects induced by AM1241 were also inhibited by the coadministration of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1 μg). These results demonstrate that effective analgesia can be achieved in chronic inflammatory settings through the stimulation of spinal cannabinoid CB(2) receptors even if this receptor population is not up-regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verdad Curto-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina C/ Julián Clavería, 6. 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Walczak JS, Cervero F. Local activation of cannabinoid CB₁ receptors in the urinary bladder reduces the inflammation-induced sensitization of bladder afferents. Mol Pain 2011; 7:31. [PMID: 21554718 PMCID: PMC3115893 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic administration of cannabinoid agonists is known to reduce pain induced by bladder inflammation and to modulate cystometric parameters in vivo. We have previously reported that intravesical administration of a cannabinoid agonist reduces the electrical activity of bladder afferents under normal conditions. However, the effects of local activation of bladder cannabinoid receptors on afferent activity during inflammation are unknown. This study was aimed to assess the effects of intravesical administration of a cannabinoid agonist on the discharges of afferent fibers in inflamed bladders ex vivo. We also characterized the expression of CB1 receptors in the bladder and their localization and co-expression with TRPV1, a marker of nociceptive afferents. Results Compared to untreated animals, afferent fiber activity in inflamed bladders was increased for intravesical pressures between 10 and 40 mmHg. Local treatment with a non selective cannabinoid agonist (AZ12646915) significantly reduced the afferent activity at intravesical pressures above 20 mmHg. This effect was blocked by AM251 but not by AM630 (selective for CB1 and CB2 respectively). Finally, CB1 was co-expressed with TRPV1 in control and inflamed bladders. Conclusion These results demonstrate that sensitization of bladder afferents induced by inflammation is partly suppressed by intravesical activation of cannabinoid receptors, an effect that appears to be mediated by CB1 receptors. Also, TRPV1 positive fibers were found to co-express CB1, supporting the hypothesis of a direct action of the cannabinoid agonist on nociceptive afferents. Taken together, these results indicate a peripheral modulation by the cannabinoid system of bladder hypersensitivity during inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Walczak
- McGill University, Anesthesia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry and Alan Edwards Center for Research on Pain, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Cannabinoids are the active chemical components of Cannabis sativa (marijuana). The medical use of cannabis goes back over 5,000 years. Cannabinoids produce a very wide array of central and peripheral effects, some of which may have beneficial clinical applications. The discovery of cannabinoid receptors has spawned great interest within the pharmaceutical industry with the hopes of capitalizing on the beneficial effects of cannabis without the unwanted psychotropic effects on the central and peripheral nervous system. This chapter presents an overview of the pharmacology of cannabinoids and their derivatives. It reviews the current literature on central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors as related to effects on the lower urinary tract and the role of these receptors in normal and abnormal urinary tract function. An objective evaluation of the published results of clinical trials of cannabis extracts for the treatment of bladder dysfunction resulting from multiple sclerosis is also presented. It is clear that cannabinoid receptors are present in the lower urinary tract as well as spinal and higher centers involved in lower urinary tract control. Systemic cannabinoids have effects on the lower urinary tract that may be able to become clinically useful; however, a much greater understanding of the mechanisms of cannabinoid receptors in control of the human lower urinary tract is necessary to facilitate development of novel cannabinoid drugs for treatment of pelvic disorders.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kavia RBC, De Ridder D, Constantinescu CS, Stott CG, Fowler CJ. Randomized controlled trial of Sativex to treat detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16:1349-59. [PMID: 20829244 DOI: 10.1177/1352458510378020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder dysfunction is a common feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to assess the efficacy, tolerability and safety of Sativex(®) (nabiximols) as an add-on therapy in alleviating bladder symptoms in patients with MS. METHODS We undertook a 10-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in 135 randomized subjects with MS and overactive bladder (OAB). RESULTS The primary endpoint was the reduction in daily number of urinary incontinence episodes from baseline to end of treatment (8 weeks). Other endpoints included incidence of nocturia and urgency, overall bladder condition (OBC), daytime frequency, Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL), Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) and volume voided. The primary endpoint showed little difference between Sativex and placebo. Four out of seven secondary endpoints were significantly in favour of Sativex: number of episodes of nocturia (adjusted mean difference -0.28, p = 0.010), OBC (-1.16, p = 0.001), number of voids/day (-0.85, p = 0.001) and PGIC (p = 0.005). Of the other endpoints, number of daytime voids was statistically significantly in favour of Sativex (-0.57, p = 0.044). The improvement in I-QOL was in favour of Sativex but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Although the primary endpoint did not reach statistical significance, we conclude that Sativex did have some impact on the symptoms of overactive bladder in patients with MS, providing evidence of some improvement in symptoms associated with bladder dysfunction in these subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B C Kavia
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Geng DC, Xu YZ, Yang HL, Zhu XS, Zhu GM, Wang XB. Inhibition of titanium particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis through inactivation of cannabinoid receptor 2 by AM630. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:321-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
49
|
Zhang J, Chen L, Su T, Cao F, Meng X, Pei L, Shi J, Pan HL, Li M. Electroacupuncture increases CB2 receptor expression on keratinocytes and infiltrating inflammatory cells in inflamed skin tissues of rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2010; 11:1250-8. [PMID: 20627823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Endogenous cannabinoids and peripheral cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2Rs) are involved in the antinociceptive effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on inflammatory pain. However, it remains unclear about how EA affects the expression and distribution patterns of peripheral CB2Rs in inflamed skin tissues. To study this, inflammatory pain was induced by local injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the hindpaw of rats. The mRNA and protein levels of CB2Rs were quantified by using RTPCR and Western blotting, respectively. The distribution of CB2Rs on keratinocytes and immune cells recruited to the inflamed skin tissues was determined by using double-immunofluorescence labeling. Induction of tissue inflammation significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of CB2Rs in the skin tissue. Also, both 2 Hz and 100 Hz EA, applied to GB30 and GB34, significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of CB2Rs in inflamed tissues compared to the sham EA group. CB2Rimmunoreactivities were mainly distributed in keratinocytes, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes in the epidermis and dermis of the inflamed skin tissue. Inflammation caused a significant increase in the number of CB2R-immunoreactive keratinocytes, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, compared to the sham EA group, EA at 2 or 100 Hz significantly increased the number of keratinocytes, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes with CB2R-immunoreactivity in the inflamed skin tissue. Therefore, our findings suggest that EA is associated with upregulation of local CB2Rs in the inflamed skin tissue. EA primarily potentiates the expression of CB2Rs on keratinocytes and infiltrating inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation. PERSPECTIVE This study shows that electroacupuncture increases the CB2 receptor expression on keratinocytes and infiltrating inflammatory cells in inflammatory skin tissues. This finding provides new evidence showing the potential role of CB2 receptors in the analgesic effect of acupuncture on inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mukerji G, Yiangou Y, Agarwal SK, Anand P. Increased cannabinoid receptor 1-immunoreactive nerve fibers in overactive and painful bladder disorders and their correlation with symptoms. Urology 2010; 75:1514.e15-20. [PMID: 20346490 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in human urinary bladder hypersensitivity and overactivity disorders, and correlate changes with symptoms. Cannabinoid receptor agonists have been shown to modulate urinary bladder contractility and reduce pain after bladder inflammation; their clinical efficacy on lower urinary tract symptoms was demonstrated in the Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis study. METHODS Bladder tissue specimens were obtained from patients with painful bladder syndrome (PBS, n=13), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO, n=14), and from controls with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (n=16). The severity of symptoms was assessed using the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Questionnaire. Pain score was also recorded on a visual analogue scale. Specimens were immunostained using specific antibodies to CB1 and to neurofilaments as a structural maker. Detrusor and suburothelial nerve fiber density was quantified with a visual grading scale. The immunohistochemistry results were correlated with "Pain, Frequency, and Urgency" scores. RESULTS CB1-immunoreative nerve fibers were significantly increased in the suburothelium of PBS (P=.0123) and IDO (P=.0013) specimens, and in detrusor layer in IDO (P=.0003), as compared with controls. CB1-immunoreactive suburothelial nerve fiber density correlated significantly with pain scores (Visual Analogue Scale) in PBS (r=.6878, P=.0347) and urgency scores in IDO (r=.6623, P=.0027). Neurofilaments-immunoreactive suburothelial nerve fibers were significantly increased in PBS (P=.019) and IDO (P=.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that increased nerve fibers, which express CB1, may be related to bladder pain in PBS and urgency in IDO. Our findings support clinical trials of CB1 agonists in bladder disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Mukerji
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|