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Xing Q, Cibelli A, Yang GL, Dohare P, Li QH, Scemes E, Guan FX, Spray DC. Neuronal Panx1 drives peripheral sensitization in experimental plantar inflammatory pain. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:27. [PMID: 38685116 PMCID: PMC11057180 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The channel-forming protein Pannexin1 (Panx1) has been implicated in both human studies and animal models of chronic pain, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. METHODS Wild-type (WT, n = 24), global Panx1 KO (n = 24), neuron-specific Panx1 KO (n = 20), and glia-specific Panx1 KO (n = 20) mice were used in this study at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The von Frey test was used to quantify pain sensitivity in these mice following complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection (7, 14, and 21 d). The qRT-PCR was employed to measure mRNA levels of Panx1, Panx2, Panx3, Cx43, Calhm1, and β-catenin. Laser scanning confocal microscopy imaging, Sholl analysis, and electrophysiology were utilized to evaluate the impact of Panx1 on neuronal excitability and morphology in Neuro2a and dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs) in which Panx1 expression or function was manipulated. Ethidium bromide (EtBr) dye uptake assay and calcium imaging were employed to investigate the role of Panx1 in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitivity. β-galactosidase (β-gal) staining was applied to determine the relative cellular expression levels of Panx1 in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and DRG of transgenic mice. RESULTS Global or neuron-specific Panx1 deletion markedly decreased pain thresholds after CFA stimuli (7, 14, and 21 d; P < 0.01 vs. WT group), indicating that Panx1 was positively correlated with pain sensitivity. In Neuro2a, global Panx1 deletion dramatically reduced neurite extension and inward currents compared to the WT group (P < 0.05), revealing that Panx1 enhanced neurogenesis and excitability. Similarly, global Panx1 deletion significantly suppressed Wnt/β-catenin dependent DRG neurogenesis following 5 d of nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment (P < 0.01 vs. WT group). Moreover, Panx1 channels enhanced DRG neuron response to ATP after CFA injection (P < 0.01 vs. Panx1 KO group). Furthermore, ATP release increased Ca2+ responses in DRGNs and satellite glial cells surrounding them following 7 d of CFA treatment (P < 0.01 vs. Panx1 KO group), suggesting that Panx1 in glia also impacts exaggerated neuronal excitability. Interestingly, neuron-specific Panx1 deletion was found to markedly reduce differentiation in cultured DRGNs, as evidenced by stunted neurite outgrowth (P < 0.05 vs. Panx1 KO group; P < 0.01 vs. WT group or GFAP-Cre group), blunted activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling (P < 0.01 vs. WT, Panx1 KO and GFAP-Cre groups), and diminished cell excitability (P < 0.01 vs. GFAP-Cre group) and response to ATP stimulation (P < 0.01 vs. WT group). Analysis of β-gal staining showed that cellular expression levels of Panx1 in neurons are significantly higher (2.5-fold increase) in the DRG than in the TG. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that neuronal Panx1 is a prominent driver of peripheral sensitivity in the setting of inflammatory pain through cell-autonomous effects on neuronal excitability. This hyperexcitability dependence on neuronal Panx1 contrasts with inflammatory orofacial pain, where similar studies revealed a prominent role for glial Panx1. The apparent differences in Panx1 expression in neuronal and non-neuronal TG and DRG cells are likely responsible for the distinct impact of these cell types in the two pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Antonio Cibelli
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Greta Luyuan Yang
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, 06459, USA
| | - Preeti Dohare
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Qing-Hua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Fang-Xia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - David C Spray
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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2
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Su Y, Verkhratsky A, Yi C. Targeting connexins: possible game changer in managing neuropathic pain? Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00064-9. [PMID: 38594094 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating condition caused by nerve injury or a variety of diseases. At the core of neuropathic pain lies the aberrant neuronal excitability in the peripheral and/or central nervous system (PNS and CNS). Enhanced connexin expression and abnormal activation of connexin-assembled gap junctional channels are prominent in neuropathic pain along with reactive gliosis, contributing to neuronal hypersensitivity and hyperexcitability. In this review, we delve into the current understanding of how connexin expression and function contribute to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and argue for connexins as potential therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixun Su
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active substance screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China.
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Tyagi S, Higerd-Rusli GP, Ghovanloo MR, Dib-Hajj F, Zhao P, Liu S, Kim DH, Shim JS, Park KS, Waxman SG, Choi JS, Dib-Hajj SD. Compartment-specific regulation of Na V1.7 in sensory neurons after acute exposure to TNF-α. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113685. [PMID: 38261513 PMCID: PMC10947185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, important in many diseases, that sensitizes nociceptors through its action on a variety of ion channels, including voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels. We show here that TNF-α acutely upregulates sensory neuron excitability and current density of threshold channel NaV1.7. Using electrophysiological recordings and live imaging, we demonstrate that this effect on NaV1.7 is mediated by p38 MAPK and identify serine 110 in the channel's N terminus as the phospho-acceptor site, which triggers NaV1.7 channel insertion into the somatic membrane. We also show that the N terminus of NaV1.7 is sufficient to mediate this effect. Although acute TNF-α treatment increases NaV1.7-carrying vesicle accumulation at axonal endings, we did not observe increased channel insertion into the axonal membrane. These results identify molecular determinants of TNF-α-mediated regulation of NaV1.7 in sensory neurons and demonstrate compartment-specific effects of TNF-α on channel insertion in the neuronal plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Tyagi
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Grant P Higerd-Rusli
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ghovanloo
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Fadia Dib-Hajj
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Shujun Liu
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, South Korea; New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Ji Seon Shim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Kang-Sik Park
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Jin-Sung Choi
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, South Korea.
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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4
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Jager SE, Goodwin G, Chisholm KI, Denk F. In vivo calcium imaging shows that satellite glial cells have increased activity in painful states. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae013. [PMID: 38638153 PMCID: PMC11024818 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells are important for proper neuronal function of primary sensory neurons for which they provide homeostatic support. Most research on satellite glial cell function has been performed with in vitro studies, but recent advances in calcium imaging and transgenic mouse models have enabled this first in vivo study of single-cell satellite glial cell function in mouse models of inflammation and neuropathic pain. We found that in naïve conditions, satellite glial cells do not respond in a time-locked fashion to neuronal firing. In painful inflammatory and neuropathic states, we detected time-locked signals in a subset of satellite glial cells, but only with suprathreshold stimulation of the sciatic nerve. Surprisingly, therefore, we conclude that most calcium signals in satellite glial cells seem to develop at arbitrary intervals not directly linked to neuronal activity patterns. More in line with expectations, our experiments also revealed that the number of active satellite glial cells was increased under conditions of inflammation or nerve injury. This could reflect the increased requirement for homeostatic support across dorsal root ganglion neuron populations, which are more active during such painful states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Jager
- Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Goodwin
- Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kim I Chisholm
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Franziska Denk
- Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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5
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Caparaso SM, Redwine AL, Wachs RA. Engineering a multicompartment in vitro model for dorsal root ganglia phenotypic assessment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1903-1920. [PMID: 37326300 PMCID: PMC10527728 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant global prevalence of chronic pain, current methods to identify pain therapeutics often fail translation to the clinic. Phenotypic screening platforms rely on modeling and assessing key pathologies relevant to chronic pain, improving predictive capability. Patients with chronic pain often present with sensitization of primary sensory neurons (that extend from dorsal root ganglia [DRG]). During neuronal sensitization, painful nociceptors display lowered stimulation thresholds. To model neuronal excitability, it is necessary to maintain three key anatomical features of DRGs to have a physiologically relevant platform: (1) isolation between DRG cell bodies and neurons, (2) 3D platform to preserve cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, and (3) presence of native non-neuronal support cells, including Schwann cells and satellite glial cells. Currently, no culture platforms maintain the three anatomical features of DRGs. Herein, we demonstrate an engineered 3D multicompartment device that isolates DRG cell bodies and neurites and maintains native support cells. We observed neurite growth into isolated compartments from the DRG using two formulations of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and laminin-based hydrogels. Further, we characterized the rheological, gelation and diffusivity properties of the two hydrogel formulations and found the mechanical properties mimic native neuronal tissue. Importantly, we successfully limited fluidic diffusion between the DRG and neurite compartment for up to 72 h, suggesting physiological relevance. Lastly, we developed a platform with the capability of phenotypic assessment of neuronal excitability using calcium imaging. Ultimately, our culture platform can screen neuronal excitability, providing a more translational and predictive system to identify novel pain therapeutics to treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M. Caparaso
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska, USA
| | - Adan L. Redwine
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Wachs
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska, USA
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6
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Toro CA, Johnson K, Hansen J, Siddiq MM, Vásquez W, Zhao W, Graham ZA, Sáez JC, Iyengar R, Cardozo CP. Boldine modulates glial transcription and functional recovery in a murine model of contusion spinal cord injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1163436. [PMID: 37416508 PMCID: PMC10321410 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1163436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane channels such as those formed by connexins (Cx) and P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are permeable to calcium ions and other small molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate. Release of ATP and glutamate through these channels is a key mechanism driving tissue response to traumas such as spinal cord injury (SCI). Boldine, an alkaloid isolated from the Chilean boldo tree, blocks both Cx and Panx1 hemichannels (HCs). To test if boldine could improve function after SCI, boldine or vehicle was administered to treat mice with a moderate severity contusion-induced SCI. Boldine led to greater spared white matter and increased locomotor function as determined by the Basso Mouse Scale and horizontal ladder rung walk tests. Boldine treatment reduced immunostaining for markers of activated microglia (Iba1) and astrocytic (GFAP) markers while increasing that for axon growth and neuroplasticity (GAP-43). Cell culture studies demonstrated that boldine blocked glial HC, specifically Cx26 and Cx30, in cultured astrocytes and blocked calcium entry through activated P2X7R. RT-qPCR studies showed that boldine treatment reduced expression of the chemokine Ccl2, cytokine IL-6 and microglial gene CD68, while increasing expression of the neurotransmission genes Snap25 and Grin2b, and Gap-43. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed that boldine modulated a large number of genes involved in neurotransmission in spinal cord tissue just caudal from the lesion epicenter at 14 days after SCI. Numbers of genes regulated by boldine was much lower at 28 days after injury. These results indicate that boldine treatment ameliorates injury and spares tissue to increase locomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Toro
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kaitlin Johnson
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jens Hansen
- Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mustafa M. Siddiq
- Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Walter Vásquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario De Neurociencia De Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Wei Zhao
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zachary A. Graham
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Research Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario De Neurociencia De Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher P. Cardozo
- Spinal Cord Damage Research Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Rehabilitative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Fabbri R, Spennato D, Conte G, Konstantoulaki A, Lazzarini C, Saracino E, Nicchia GP, Frigeri A, Zamboni R, Spray DC, Benfenati V. The emerging science of Glioception: Contribution of glia in sensing, transduction, circuit integration of interoception. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108403. [PMID: 37024060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Interoception is the process by which the nervous system regulates internal functions to achieve homeostasis. The role of neurons in interoception has received considerable recent attention, but glial cells also contribute. Glial cells can sense and transduce signals including osmotic, chemical, and mechanical status of extracellular milieu. Their ability to dynamically communicate "listening" and "talking" to neurons is necessary to monitor and regulate homeostasis and information integration in the nervous system. This review introduces the concept of "Glioception" and focuses on the process by which glial cells sense, interpret and integrate information about the inner state of the organism. Glial cells are ideally positioned to act as sensors and integrators of diverse interoceptive signals and can trigger regulatory responses via modulation of the activity of neuronal networks, both in physiological and pathological conditions. We believe that understanding and manipulating glioceptive processes and underlying molecular mechanisms provide a key path to develop new therapies for the prevention and alleviation of devastating interoceptive dysfunctions, among which pain is emphasized here with more focused details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fabbri
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Diletta Spennato
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Giorgia Conte
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Konstantoulaki
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Chiara Lazzarini
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Saracino
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- School of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - David C Spray
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Valentina Benfenati
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Toro CA, Johnson K, Hansen J, Siddiq MM, Vásquez W, Zhao W, Graham ZA, Sáez JC, Iyengar R, Cardozo CP. Boldine modulates glial transcription and functional recovery in a murine model of contusion spinal cord injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528337. [PMID: 36824813 PMCID: PMC9949031 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane channels such as connexins (Cx), pannexins (Panx) and P2X 7 receptors (P2X 7 R) are permeable to calcium ions and other small molecules such as ATP and glutamate. Release of ATP and glutamate through these channels is a key mechanism driving tissue response to traumas such as spinal cord injury (SCI). Boldine, an alkaloid isolated from the Chilean boldo tree, blocks both Cx hemichannels (HC) and Panx. To test if boldine could improve function after SCI, boldine or vehicle was administered to treat mice with a moderate severity contusion-induced SCI. Boldine led to greater spared white matter and increased locomotor function as determined by the Basso Mouse Scale and horizontal ladder rung walk tests. Boldine treatment reduced immunostaining for markers of activated microglia (Iba1) and astrocytic (GFAP) markers while increasing that for axon growth and neuroplasticity (GAP-43). Cell culture studies demonstrated that boldine blocked glial HC, specifically Cx26 and Cx30, in cultured astrocytes and blocked calcium entry through activated P2X 7 R. RT-qPCR studies showed that boldine treatment reduced expression of the chemokine Ccl2, cytokine IL-6 and microglial gene CD68, while increasing expression of the neurotransmission genes Snap25 and Grin2b, and Gap-43. Bulk RNA sequencing (of the spinal cord revealed that boldine modulated a large number of genes involved in neurotransmission in in spinal cord tissue just below the lesion epicenter at 14 days after SCI. Numbers of genes regulated by boldine was much lower at 28 days after injury. These results indicate that boldine treatment ameliorates injury and spares tissue to increase locomotor function.
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9
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Age-Related Changes in Neurons and Satellite Glial Cells in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032677. [PMID: 36769006 PMCID: PMC9916822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of aging on the nervous system are well documented. However, most previous studies on this topic were performed on the central nervous system. The present study was carried out on the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of mice, and focused on age-related changes in DRG neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs). Intracellular electrodes were used for dye injection to examine the gap junction-mediated coupling between neurons and SGCs, and for intracellular electrical recordings from the neurons. Tactile sensitivity was assessed with von Frey hairs. We found that 3-23% of DRG neurons were dye-coupled to SGCs surrounding neighboring neurons in 8-24-month (Mo)-old mice, whereas in young adult (3 Mo) mice, the figure was 0%. The threshold current for firing an action potential in sensory neurons was significantly lower in DRGs from 12 Mo mice compared with those from 3 Mo mice. The percentage of neurons with spontaneous subthreshold membrane potential oscillation was greater by two-fold in 12 Mo mice. The withdrawal threshold was lower by 22% in 12 Mo mice compared with 3 Mo ones. These results show that in the aged mice, a proportion of DRG neurons is coupled to SGCs, and that the membrane excitability of the DRG neurons increases with age. We propose that augmented neuron-SGC communications via gap junctions are caused by low-grade inflammation associated with aging, and this may contribute to pain behavior.
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Astrocytic connexin 43 deletion ameliorates SNI-induced neuropathic pain by reducing microglia activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 638:192-199. [PMID: 36462493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic disease caused by damage to the peripheral or central nervous system. Connexin 43 (Cx43), the primary connexin expressed by astrocytes, has been reported to be significantly increased in NP. However, the roles and mechanisms of Cx43 in the development and maintenance of NP remain largely unknown, while microglia activation has been commonly regarded as a key factor of NP. In the present study, we found that Cx43 deletion significantly ameliorated spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced NP and suppressed SNI induced c-Fos expression in the spinal cord. Notably, Cx43 deletion led to much less SNI-induced microglia activation in the spinal cord. These results suggest that astrocyte Cx43 may play a significant role in regulating microglial activation and NP.
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11
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Cibelli A, Scemes E, Spray DC. Activity and Stability of Panx1 Channels in Astrocytes and Neuroblastoma Cells Are Enhanced by Cholesterol Depletion. Cells 2022; 11:3219. [PMID: 36291086 PMCID: PMC9600160 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 (Panx1) is expressed in both neurons and glia where it forms ATP-permeable channels that are activated under pathological conditions such as epilepsy, migraine, inflammation, and ischemia. Membrane lipid composition affects proper distribution and function of receptors and ion channels, and defects in cholesterol metabolism are associated with neurological diseases. In order to understand the impact of membrane cholesterol on the distribution and function of Panx1 in neural cells, we used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to evaluate its mobility and electrophysiology and dye uptake to assess channel function. We observed that cholesterol extraction (using methyl-β-cyclodextrin) and inhibition of its synthesis (lovastatin) decreased the lateral diffusion of Panx1 in the plasma membrane. Panx1 channel activity (dye uptake, ATP release and ionic current) was enhanced in cholesterol-depleted Panx1 transfected cells and in wild-type astrocytes compared to non-depleted or Panx1 null cells. Manipulation of cholesterol levels may, therefore, offer a novel strategy by which Panx1 channel activation might modulate various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cibelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, NY Medical College, Valhalla, NY10595, USA
| | - David C. Spray
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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12
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Wang Q, Li HY, Ling ZM, Chen G, Wei ZY. Inhibition of Schwann cell pannexin 1 attenuates neuropathic pain through the suppression of inflammatory responses. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:244. [PMID: 36195881 PMCID: PMC9531429 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is still a challenge for clinical treatment as a result of the comprehensive pathogenesis. Although emerging evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of glial cells in regulating neuropathic pain, the role of Schwann cells and their underlying mechanisms still need to be uncovered. Pannexin 1 (Panx 1), an important membrane channel for the release of ATP and inflammatory cytokines, as well as its activation in central glial cells, contributes to pain development. Here, we hypothesized that Schwann cell Panx 1 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and contributes to neuropathic pain. METHODS A mouse model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) in CD1 adult mice or P0-Cre transgenic mice, and in vitro cultured Schwann cells were used. Intrasciatic injection with Panx 1 blockers or the desired virus was used to knock down the expression of Panx 1. Mechanical and thermal sensitivity was assessed using Von Frey and a hot plate assay. The expression of Panx 1 was measured using qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The production of cytokines was monitored through qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Panx1 channel activity was detected by ethidium bromide (EB) uptake. RESULTS CCI induced persistent neuroinflammatory responses and upregulation of Panx 1 in Schwann cells. Intrasciatic injection of Panx 1 blockers, carbenoxolone (CBX), probenecid, and Panx 1 mimetic peptide (10Panx) effectively reduced mechanical and heat hyperalgesia. Probenecid treatment of CCI-induced mice significantly reduced Panx 1 expression in Schwann cells, but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). In addition, Panx 1 knockdown in Schwann cells with Panx 1 shRNA-AAV in P0-Cre mice significantly reduced CCI-induced neuropathic pain. To determine whether Schwann cell Panx 1 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and contributes to neuropathic pain, we evaluated its effect in LPS-treated Schwann cells. We found that inhibition of Panx 1 via CBX and Panx 1-siRNA effectively attenuated the production of selective cytokines, as well as its mechanism of action being dependent on both Panx 1 channel activity and its expression. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that CCI-related neuroinflammation correlates with Panx 1 activation in Schwann cells, indicating that inhibition of Panx 1 channels in Schwann cells reduces neuropathic pain through the suppression of neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Han-Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Ling
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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13
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Fang ZH, Liao HL, Tang QF, Liu YJ, Zhang YY, Lin J, Yu HP, Zhou C, Li CJ, Liu F, Shen JF. Interactions Among Non-Coding RNAs and mRNAs in the Trigeminal Ganglion Associated with Neuropathic Pain. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2967-2988. [PMID: 36171980 PMCID: PMC9512292 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s382692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated the contribution of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to neuropathic pain. However, the expression profile of ncRNAs in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and their functional mechanism underlying trigeminal neuropathic pain are still unclear. Methods In the present study, the trigeminal neuropathic pain model induced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) was used to study the expression profile and potential regulatory mechanism of miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and mRNAs in the TG by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analysis. CCI-ION mice suffered from mechanical allodynia from 3 days to 28 days after surgery. Results The RNA-seq results discovered 67 miRNAs, 216 lncRNAs, 14 circRNAs, 595 mRNAs, and 421 genes were differentially expressed (DE) in the TG of CCI-ION mice 7 days after surgery. And 39 DEGs were known pain genes. Besides, 5 and 35 pain-related DE mRNAs could be targeted by 6 DE miRNAs and 107 DE lncRNAs, respectively. And 23 pain-related DEGs had protein–protein interactions (PPI) with each other. GO analysis indicated membrane-related cell components and binding-related molecular functions were significantly enriched. KEGG analysis showed that nociception-related signaling pathways were significantly enriched for DE ncRNAs and DEGs. Finally, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network of DE lncRNA/DE circRNA-DE miRNA-DE mRNA existed in the TG of mice with trigeminal neuropathic pain. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate ncRNAs are involved in the development of trigeminal neuropathic pain, possibly through the ceRNA mechanism, which brings a new bright into the study of trigeminal neuropathic pain and the development of novel treatments targeting ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Han Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Peng Yu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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14
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Zheng Q, Dong X, Green DP, Dong X. Peripheral mechanisms of chronic pain. MEDICAL REVIEW 2022; 2:251-270. [PMID: 36067122 PMCID: PMC9381002 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acutely, pain serves to protect us from potentially harmful stimuli, however damage to the somatosensory system can cause maladaptive changes in neurons leading to chronic pain. Although acute pain is fairly well controlled, chronic pain remains difficult to treat. Chronic pain is primarily a neuropathic condition, but studies examining the mechanisms underlying chronic pain are now looking beyond afferent nerve lesions and exploring new receptor targets, immune cells, and the role of the autonomic nervous system in contributing chronic pain conditions. The studies outlined in this review reveal how chronic pain is not only confined to alterations in the nervous system and presents findings on new treatment targets and for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xintong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dustin P. Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Exercise Reduces Pain Behavior and Pathological Changes in Dorsal Root Ganglia Induced by Systemic Inflammation in Mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 778:136616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Long JY, Wang XJ, Li XY, Kong XH, Yang G, Zhang D, Yang YT, Shi Z, Ma XP. Spinal Microglia and Astrocytes: Two Key Players in Chronic Visceral Pain Pathogenesis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:545-551. [PMID: 34797501 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic visceral pain (CVP) is one of the common symptoms of many diseases triggered by underlying diseases of the internal organs of the human body. Its causes include vascular mechanisms, mechanical factors, persistent inflammation, and unexplained functional mechanisms. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, more and more research has begun to shift from the neuronal aspect to the glial cells in recent years. Some data highlight that the spinal glial cells, particularly the microglia and astrocytes, play an essential role in CVP. Based on this, we highlight the mechanisms of microglia and astrocytes in CVP concerning the release of cytokines, chemokines, and neuroactive substances and alterations in intracellular signaling pathways during the process. Finally, because CVP is widespread in various diseases, we present future perspectives targeting microglia and astrocytes for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Long
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, No.650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, No.650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, No.650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xie-He Kong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, No.650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, No.650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, No.650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yan-Ting Yang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, No.650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, No.650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Ma
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, No.650 South Wanping Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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17
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Oliveira A, Widmer R, Nascimento M, Costa W, Paiva P, Napoleão TH. Flavonoid-rich fraction from Croton blanchetianus (Euphorbiaceae) leaves exerts peripheral and central analgesic effects by acting via the opioid and cholinergic systems. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100853. [PMID: 34990049 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract from Croton blanchetianus leaves has been shown to have antinociceptive activity in mice. Here, we investigated the antinociceptive activity of an ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from this extract in mice and the possible pathways involved in the analgesic effect. Adverse effects on behavior and motor coordination were also evaluated. The EAF was characterized by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and evaluated (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg per os) in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin, hot plate, and tail immersion assays. Naloxone, atropine, glibenclamide, prazosin, or yohimbine was pre-administered to mice to investigate the involved pathways in the formalin test. The open-field, rotarod, and elevated plus-maze tests were used to assess behavior and locomotion. The main components of the EAF were quercetin-3-O-(2-rhamnosyl) rutinoside, hyperoside, quercetin rutinoside pentoside, and quercetin hexoside deoxyhexoside. EAF showed antinociceptive effects in all models and was effective against both neurogenic and inflammatory pain. The reversion of the effects in the formalin test by naloxone and atropine revealed that the EAF acted via the opioid and cholinergic systems. In the open-field test, the behavior of the animals treated with the EAF was like that of control, except at the highest dose, when hypnosis, eyelid ptosis, decreased walking, hygiene, and rearing behaviors were observed. No muscle relaxant effect was observed, but an anxiogenic effect was observed at all doses. This study provides new scientific evidence on the pharmacological properties of C. blanchetianus leaves and their potential for the development of phytomedicines with analgesic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Ramona Widmer
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Matheus Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Wendeo Costa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Patricia Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Centro de Biociencias, 50670901, Recife, BRAZIL
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18
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Muñoz MF, Griffith TN, Contreras JE. Mechanisms of ATP release in pain: role of pannexin and connexin channels. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:549-561. [PMID: 34792743 PMCID: PMC8677853 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a physiological response to bodily damage and serves as a warning of potential threat. Pain can also transform from an acute response to noxious stimuli to a chronic condition with notable emotional and psychological components that requires treatment. Indeed, the management of chronic pain is currently an important unmet societal need. Several reports have implicated the release of the neurotransmitter adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and subsequent activation of purinergic receptors in distinct pain etiologies. Purinergic receptors are broadly expressed in peripheral neurons and the spinal cord; thus, purinergic signaling in sensory neurons or in spinal circuits may be critical for pain processing. Nevertheless, an outstanding question remains: what are the mechanisms of ATP release that initiate nociceptive signaling? Connexin and pannexin channels are established conduits of ATP release and have been suggested to play important roles in a variety of pathologies, including several models of pain. As such, these large-pore channels represent a new and exciting putative pharmacological target for pain treatment. Herein, we will review the current evidence for a role of connexin and pannexin channels in ATP release during nociceptive signaling, such as neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Collectively, these studies provide compelling evidence for an important role of connexins and pannexins in pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F. Muñoz
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Theanne N. Griffith
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jorge E. Contreras
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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19
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Letellier B, Kremer M, Becker LJ, Andry V, Goumon Y, Leboulleux Q, Hener P, Inquimbert P, Couqueberg N, Waltisperger E, Yalcin I, Mouthon F, Droguerre M, Charvériat M, Barrot M. Action of mefloquine/amitriptyline THN101 combination on neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. Pain 2021; 162:2841-2853. [PMID: 33769363 PMCID: PMC8600545 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tricyclic antidepressants that inhibit serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake, such as amitriptyline, are among the first-line treatments for neuropathic pain, which is caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system. These treatments are, however, partially efficient to alleviate neuropathic pain symptoms, and better treatments are still highly required. Interactions between neurons and glial cells participate in neuropathic pain processes, and importantly, connexins-transmembrane proteins involved in cell-cell communication-contribute to these interactions. In a neuropathic pain model in rats, mefloquine, a connexin inhibitor, has been shown to potentiate the antihyperalgesic effect of amitriptyline, a widely used antidepressant. In this study, we further investigated this improvement of amitriptyline action by mefloquine, using the cuff model of neuropathic pain in mice. We first observed that oral mefloquine co-treatment prolonged the effect of amitriptyline on mechanical hypersensitivity by 12 hours after administration. In addition, we showed that this potentiation was not due to pharmacokinetic interactions between the 2 drugs. Besides, lesional and pharmacological approaches showed that the prolonged effect was induced through noradrenergic descending pathways and the recruitment of α2 adrenoceptors. Another connexin blocker, carbenoxolone, also improved amitriptyline action. Additional in vitro studies suggested that mefloquine may also directly act on serotonin transporters and on adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, but drugs acting on these other targets failed to amplify amitriptyline action. Together, our data indicate that pharmacological blockade of connexins potentiates the therapeutic effect of amitriptyline in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Letellier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
- Theranexus, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Léa J. Becker
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Andry
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Goumon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Leboulleux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Hener
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Perrine Inquimbert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nolwenn Couqueberg
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Waltisperger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Michel Barrot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
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20
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Middleton SJ, Perez-Sanchez J, Dawes JM. The structure of sensory afferent compartments in health and disease. J Anat 2021; 241:1186-1210. [PMID: 34528255 PMCID: PMC9558153 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sensory neurons are a heterogeneous population of cells able to respond to both innocuous and noxious stimuli. Like most neurons they are highly compartmentalised, allowing them to detect, convey and transfer sensory information. These compartments include specialised sensory endings in the skin, the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons, the cell soma and their central terminals in the spinal cord. In this review, we will highlight the importance of these compartments to primary afferent function, describe how these structures are compromised following nerve damage and how this relates to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Middleton
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - John M Dawes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Ling ZM, Wang Q, Ma Y, Xue P, Gu Y, Cao MH, Wei ZY. Astrocyte Pannexin 1 Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses to Protect Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:710820. [PMID: 34475813 PMCID: PMC8406772 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.710820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a key hallmark of inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of brain injury, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its role and regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Pannexin 1 (Panx 1) is a membrane channel that mediates substance release in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of astrocyte Panx 1 in the regulation of PD-like neuroinflammation remains elusive. Here, we characterized the expression of Panx 1 in isolated primary astrocytes and a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model. The functions of Panx 1 in inflammatory cytokines expression and the viability of neuronal SH-SY5Y cells were examined in cultured cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). We found that Panx 1 expression was significantly increased under both LPS- and MPP+-treated conditions. Panx 1 downregulation suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression but did not significantly affect MPP+-induced astrocyte apoptosis or inflammatory cytokine expression through treatment with the Panx 1 inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX) and Panx 1 siRNA. Moreover, silencing Panx 1 in reactive astrocytes had a potentially protective effect on the viability of neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, we propose that Panx 1 may serve as a key regulator in reactive astrocytes to intervene in the inflammatory response and maintain neuronal viability in the context of PD-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Min Ling
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mao-Hong Cao
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhong-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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22
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Syrjanen J, Michalski K, Kawate T, Furukawa H. On the molecular nature of large-pore channels. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166994. [PMID: 33865869 PMCID: PMC8409005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport is a fundamental means to control basic cellular processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and neurodegeneration and is mediated by a number of transporters, pumps, and channels. Accumulating evidence over the last half century has shown that a type of so-called "large-pore channel" exists in various tissues and organs in gap-junctional and non-gap-junctional forms in order to flow not only ions but also metabolites such as ATP. They are formed by a number of protein families with little or no evolutionary linkages including connexin, innexin, pannexin, leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8), and calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM). This review summarizes the history and concept of large-pore channels starting from connexin gap junction channels to the more recent developments in innexin, pannexin, LRRC8, and CALHM. We describe structural and functional features of large-pore channels that are crucial for their diverse functions on the basis of available structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Syrjanen
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Kevin Michalski
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Toshimitsu Kawate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Fields of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology (BMCB), and Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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23
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Cárcaba L, García-Piqueras J, García-Mesa Y, Cobo R, García-Suárez O, Feito J, Vega JA. Human digital merkel cells display pannexin1 immunoreactivity. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151813. [PMID: 34384856 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins are channel proteins displaying functional similarities to gap junctions in vertebrates and are regarded as transmembrane ATP-releasing channels. A member of this family, denominate pannexin1, has been detected in the epidermis and cutaneous adnexal structures. Here we used immunohistochemistry to investigate whether human digital Merkel cells express this protein since ATP is postulated as a neurotransmitter in the Merkel cell-axon complexes low-threshold mecahoreceptors. Pannexin1 immunoreactivity was found in cytokeratine 20-, chromogranin A- and synaptophysin-positive cells placed at the basal layer of the epidermis. Cell displaying pannexin1 immunoreactivities were thus identified as Merkel cells and showed close contact with nerve profiles. Light pannexin1 immunoreactivity in dermal blood vessels was also verified. Present results demonstrate for the first time the expression of pannexin1 in human digital Merkel cells supporting the idea that ATP can be involved directly or indirectly in the mechanotransductional process at Merkel-axon complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cárcaba
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Piqueras
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yolanda García-Mesa
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ramón Cobo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Olivia García-Suárez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge Feito
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía e Histología Humanas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José A Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Grupo SINPOS, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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24
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Ahmed F, Rahman M, Thompson R, Bereiter DA. Role of Connexin 43 in an Inflammatory Model for TMJ Hyperalgesia. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:715871. [PMID: 35295418 PMCID: PMC8915650 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.715871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) consist of a heterogeneous group of conditions that present with pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region and muscles of mastication. This project assessed the role of connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein, in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) in an animal model for persistent inflammatory TMJ hyperalgesia. Experiments were performed in male and female rats to determine if sex differences influence the expression and/or function of Cx43 in persistent TMJ hyperalgesia. Intra-TMJ injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) caused a significant increase in Cx43 expression in the TG at 4 days and 10 days post-injection in ovariectomized (OvX) female rats and OvX females treated with estradiol (OvXE), while TG samples in males revealed only marginal increases. Intra-TG injection of interference RNA for Cx43 (siRNA Cx43) 3 days prior to recording, markedly reduced TMJ-evoked masseter muscle electromyographic (MMemg) activity in all CFA-inflamed rats, while activity in sham animals was not affected. Western blot analysis revealed that at 3 days after intra-TG injection of siRNA Cx43 protein levels for Cx43 were significantly reduced in TG samples of all CFA-inflamed rats. Intra-TG injection of the mimetic peptide GAP19, which inhibits Cx43 hemichannel formation, greatly reduced TMJ-evoked MMemg activity in all CFA-inflamed groups, while activity in sham groups was not affected. These results revealed that TMJ inflammation caused a persistent increase in Cx43 protein in the TG in a sex-dependent manner. However, intra-TG blockade of Cx43 by siRNA or by GAP19 significantly reduced TMJ-evoked MMemg activity in both males and females following TMJ inflammation. These results indicated that Cx43 was necessary for enhanced jaw muscle activity after TMJ inflammation in males and females, a result that could not be predicted on the basis of TG expression of Cx43 alone.
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25
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Magni G, Ceruti S. Purines in Pain as a Gliopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:649807. [PMID: 33790798 PMCID: PMC8006436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.649807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ceruti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Kowalska M, Prendecki M, Piekut T, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Migraine: Calcium Channels and Glia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2688. [PMID: 33799975 PMCID: PMC7962070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common neurological disease that affects about 11% of the adult population. The disease is divided into two main clinical subtypes: migraine with aura and migraine without aura. According to the neurovascular theory of migraine, the activation of the trigeminovascular system (TGVS) and the release of numerous neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are involved in headache pathogenesis. TGVS can be activated by cortical spreading depression (CSD), a phenomenon responsible for the aura. The mechanism of CSD, stemming in part from aberrant interactions between neurons and glia have been studied in models of familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), a rare monogenic form of migraine with aura. The present review focuses on those interactions, especially as seen in FHM type 1, a variant of the disease caused by a mutation in CACNA1A, which encodes the α1A subunit of the P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Michał Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Thomas Piekut
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (M.P.); (T.P.)
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27
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Feldman-Goriachnik R, Hanani M. How do neurons in sensory ganglia communicate with satellite glial cells? Brain Res 2021; 1760:147384. [PMID: 33631206 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) in sensory ganglia maintain bidirectional communications that are believed to be largely mediated by chemical messengers. Nerve injury leads to SGC activation, which was proposed to be mediated by nitric oxide (NO) released from active neurons, but evidence for this is lacking. Here we tested the idea that increased neuronal firing is a major factor in NO release. We activated neurons in isolated dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia from mice with capsaicin (5 µM), which acts on transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels in small neurons. We found that capsaicin induced SGC activation, as assayed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation, and an NO-donor had a similar effect. Incubating the ganglia in capsaicin in the presence of the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 µM) prevented the GFAP upregulation. We also found that capsaicin caused an increase in SGC-SGC coupling, which was shown previously to accompany SGC activation. To test the contribution of ATP to the actions of capsaicin, we incubated the ganglia with capsaicin in the presence of P2 purinergic receptor inhibitor suramin (100 µM), which prevented the capsaicin-induced GFAP upregulation. Size analysis indicated that although capsaicin acts mainly on small neurons, SGCs around neurons of all sizes were affected by capsaicin, suggesting a spread of signals from small neurons to neighboring cells. We conclude that neuronal excitation leads to NO release, which induces SGCs activation. It appears that ATP participates in NO's action, possibly by interaction with TRPV1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Feldman-Goriachnik
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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28
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Potter JA, Price GW, Cliff CL, Williams BM, Hills CE, Squires PE. Carboxyfluorescein Dye Uptake to Measure Connexin-mediated Hemichannel Activity in Cultured Cells. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3901. [PMID: 33732788 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are membrane bound proteins that facilitate direct and local paracrine mediated cell-to-cell communication through their ability to oligomerise into hexameric hemichannels. When neighbouring channels align, they form gap-junctions that provide a direct route for information transfer between cells. In contrast to intact gap junctions, which typically open under physiological conditions, undocked hemichannels have a low open probability and mainly open in response to injury. Hemichannels permit the release of small molecules and ions (approximately 1kDa) into the local intercellular environment, and excessive expression/activity has been linked to a number of disease conditions. Carboxyfluorescein dye uptake measures functional expression of hemichannels, where increased hemichannel activity/function reflects increased loading. The technique relies on the uptake of a membrane-impermeable fluorescent tracer through open hemichannels, and can be used to compare channel activity between cell monolayers cultured under different conditions, e.g. control versus disease. Other techniques, such as biotinylation and electrophysiology can measure cell surface expression and hemichannel open probability respectively, however, carboxyfluorescein uptake provides a simple, rapid and cost-effective method to determine hemichannel activity in vitro in multiple cell types. Graphic abstract: Using dye uptake to measure hemichannel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe A Potter
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth W Price
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Chelsy L Cliff
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany M Williams
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Hills
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Squires
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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29
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Charvériat M, Mouthon F, Rein W, Verkhratsky A. Connexins as therapeutic targets in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166098. [PMID: 33545299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes represent the reticular part of the central nervous system; gap junctions formed by connexins Cx43, Cx30- and Cx26 provide for homocellular astrocyte-astrocyte coupling, whereas connexins Cx30, Cx32, Cx43, and Cx47 connect astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Astroglial networks are anatomically and functionally segregated being homologous to neuronal ensembles. Connexons, gap junctions and hemichannels (unpaired connexons) are affected in various neuropathologies from neuropsychiatric to neurodegenerative diseases. Manipulation of astrocytic connexins modulates the size and outreach of astroglial syncytia thus affecting astroglial homeostatic support. Modulation of astrocytic connexin significantly modifies pharmacological profile of many CNS drugs, which represents an innovative therapeutic approach for CNS disorders; this approach is now actively tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Wide combination of connexin modulators with CNS drugs open new promising perspectives for fundamental studies and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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30
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Hanani M, Verkhratsky A. Satellite Glial Cells and Astrocytes, a Comparative Review. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2525-2537. [PMID: 33523395 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astroglia are neural cells, heterogeneous in form and function, which act as supportive elements of the central nervous system; astrocytes contribute to all aspects of neural functions in health and disease. Through their highly ramified processes, astrocytes form close physical contacts with synapses and blood vessels, and are integrated into functional syncytia by gap junctions. Astrocytes interact among themselves and with other cells types (e.g., neurons, microglia, blood vessel cells) by an elaborate repertoire of chemical messengers and receptors; astrocytes also influence neural plasticity and synaptic transmission through maintaining homeostasis of neurotransmitters, K+ buffering, synaptic isolation and control over synaptogenesis and synaptic elimination. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are the most abundant glial cells in sensory ganglia, and are believed to play major roles in sensory functions, but so far research into SGCs attracted relatively little attention. In this review we compare SGCs to astrocytes with the purpose of using the vast knowledge on astrocytes to explore new aspects of SGCs. We survey the main properties of these two cells types and highlight similarities and differences between them. We conclude that despite the much greater diversity in morphology and signaling mechanisms of astrocytes, there are some parallels between them and SGCs. Both types serve as boundary cells, separating different compartments in the nervous system, but much more needs to be learned on this aspect of SGCs. Astrocytes and SGCs employ chemical messengers and calcium waves for intercellular signaling, but their significance is still poorly understood for both cell types. Both types undergo major changes under pathological conditions, which have a protective function, but an also contribute to disease, and chronic pain in particular. The knowledge obtained on astrocytes is likely to benefit future research on SGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
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31
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Wei ZY, Qu HL, Dai YJ, Wang Q, Ling ZM, Su WF, Zhao YY, Shen WX, Chen G. Pannexin 1, a large-pore membrane channel, contributes to hypotonicity-induced ATP release in Schwann cells. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:899-904. [PMID: 33229726 PMCID: PMC8178772 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx 1), as a large-pore membrane channel, is highly permeable to ATP and other signaling molecules. Previous studies have demonstrated the expression of Panx 1 in the nervous system, including astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. However, the distribution and function of Panx 1 in the peripheral nervous system are not clear. Blocking the function of Panx 1 pharmacologically (carbenoxolone and probenecid) or with small interfering RNA targeting pannexins can greatly reduce hypotonicity-induced ATP release. Treatment of Schwann cells with a Ras homolog family member (Rho) GTPase inhibitor and small interfering RNA targeting Rho or cytoskeleton disrupting agents, such as nocodazole or cytochalasin D, revealed that hypotonicity-induced ATP release depended on intracellular RhoA and the cytoskeleton. These findings suggest that Panx 1 participates in ATP release in Schwann cells by regulating RhoA and the cytoskeleton arrangement. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Nantong University, China (No. S20180806-002) on August 5, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Lin Qu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Juan Dai
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuo-Min Ling
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Feng Su
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Xing Shen
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University; Medical School of Nantong University; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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32
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Li Q, Ma TL, Qiu YQ, Cui WQ, Chen T, Zhang WW, Wang J, Mao-Ying QL, Mi WL, Wang YQ, Chu YX. Connexin 36 Mediates Orofacial Pain Hypersensitivity Through GluK2 and TRPA1. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1484-1499. [PMID: 33067780 PMCID: PMC7719140 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating condition, and the pain easily spreads to other parts of the face. Here, we established a mouse model of partial transection of the infraorbital nerve (pT-ION) and found that the Connexin 36 (Cx36) inhibitor mefloquine caused greater alleviation of pT-ION-induced cold allodynia compared to the reduction of mechanical allodynia. Mefloquine reversed the pT-ION-induced upregulation of Cx36, glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate 2 (GluK2), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) in the trigeminal ganglion. Cold allodynia but not mechanical allodynia induced by pT-ION or by virus-mediated overexpression of Cx36 in the trigeminal ganglion was reversed by the GluK2 antagonist NS102, and knocking down Cx36 expression in Nav1.8-expressing nociceptors by injecting virus into the orofacial skin area of Nav1.8-Cre mice attenuated cold allodynia but not mechanical allodynia. In conclusion, we show that Cx36 contributes greatly to the development of orofacial pain hypersensitivity through GluK2, TRPA1, and p-ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tian-Le Ma
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - You-Qi Qiu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Cui
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Qi-Liang Mao-Ying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wen-Li Mi
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Kuebart A, Wollborn V, Huhn R, Hermanns H, Werdehausen R, Brandenburger T. Intraneural Application of microRNA-1 Mimetic Nucleotides Does Not Resolve Neuropathic Pain After Chronic Constriction Injury in Rats. J Pain Res 2020; 13:2907-2914. [PMID: 33223847 PMCID: PMC7671483 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s266937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations of the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in chronic pain models seem to play a crucial role in the development of neuropathic pain, with microRNA-1 (miR-1) being of particular interest. Recently, we were able to show that decreased miR-1 levels were associated with increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Connexin 43 (Cx43). We hypothesized that miR-1 mimetic nucleotides could alleviate neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury in rats. Methods MiR-1 mimetic nucleotides were evaluated for effectiveness, functionality, and intracellular stability by transfecting human glioblastoma cells (U-87 MG). In vivo transfection with miR-1 mimics and corresponding scrambled miRNAs serving as control was performed by repetitive injection (days 0, 3, and 7) into the sciatic nerve following chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. Quantitative PCR was used to measure miR-1 content. Cx43 expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Effects on neuropathic pain were assessed by detecting paw withdrawal thresholds using an automated filament application. Results Transfection of miR-1 mimics was confirmed in U-87 MG cells, with miR-1 content being increased significantly after 48 h and after 96 h (p<0.05). Effective downregulation of Cx43 expression was observed 48 and 96 h after transfection (−44 ± 0.07% and −40 ± 0.11%; p<0.05). In vivo, repetitive transfection with miR-1 mimetic nucleotides led to a 17.9-fold (± 14.2) increase of miR-1 in the sciatic nerve. However, the protein expression of Cx43 in sciatic nerves as well as paw withdrawal thresholds for mechanical stimulation was not significantly increased 10 days after chronic constriction injury. Conclusion While transfection with miR-1 mimics effective reduces Cx43 expression in vitro and restores miR-1 after CCI, we did neither observe altered levels of Cx43 protein level in nerves nor a beneficial effect on mechanical allodynia in vivo, most likely caused by insufficient Cx43 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kuebart
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Verena Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Henning Hermanns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Werdehausen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Timo Brandenburger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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Purinergic Signaling in Endometriosis-Associated Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228512. [PMID: 33198179 PMCID: PMC7697899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease, with an associated chronic inflammatory component, characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Its predominant symptom is pain, a condition notably altering the quality of life of women with the disease. This review is intended to exhaustively gather current knowledge on purinergic signaling in endometriosis-associated pain. Altered extracellular ATP hydrolysis, due to changes in ectonucleotidase activity, has been reported in endometriosis; the resulting accumulation of ATP in the endometriotic microenvironment points to sustained activation of nucleotide receptors (P2 receptors) capable of generating a persistent pain message. P2X3 receptor, expressed in sensory neurons, mediates nociceptive, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain, and is enrolled in endometriosis-related pain. Pharmacological inhibition of P2X3 receptor is under evaluation as a pain relief treatment for women with endometriosis. The role of other ATP receptors is also discussed here, e.g., P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, which are involved in inflammatory cell–nerve and microglia–nerve crosstalk, and therefore in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Adenosine receptors (P1 receptors), by contrast, mainly play antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory roles. Purinome-targeted drugs, including nucleotide receptors and metabolizing enzymes, are potential non-hormonal therapeutic tools for the pharmacological management of endometriosis-related pain.
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Li Q, Wang YQ, Chu YX. The role of connexins and pannexins in orofacial pain. Life Sci 2020; 258:118198. [PMID: 32758624 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by extensive spreading of pain, referred to as ectopic pain, which describes the phenomenon of the pain passing from the injured regions to uninjured regions. Patients with orofacial pain often show no response to commonly used analgesics, and the exact mechanism of ectopic pain remains unclear, which restricts the development of specific drugs. The present review aims to summarize the contribution of the two families of transmembrane proteins, connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs), to the induction and spreading of orofacial pain and to provide potential targets for orofacial pain treatment. Cxs and Panxs have recently been shown to play essential roles in intercellular signal propagation in sensory ganglia, and previous studies have provided evidence for the contribution of several subtypes of Cxs and Panxs in various orofacial pain models. Upregulation of the expression of Cxs and Panxs in the trigeminal ganglia is observed in most cases after trigeminal injury, and regulating their expression or activity can improve pain-like behaviors in animals. It is speculated that after trigeminal injury, pain-related signals are transmitted to adjacent neurons and satellite glial cells in the trigeminal ganglia directly through gap junctions and simultaneously through hemichannels and pannexons through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review highlights recent discoveries in the regulation of Cxs and Panxs in different orofacial pain models and presents a hypothetical mechanism of ectopic pain in trigeminal neuralgia. In addition, the existing problems in current research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Glial cell activation and altered metabolic profile in the spinal-trigeminal axis in a rat model of multiple sclerosis associated with the development of trigeminal sensitization. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:268-280. [PMID: 32659316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is often an early symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), and it generally does not correlate with the severity of the disease. Thus, whether it is triggered simply by demyelination in specific central nervous system areas is currently questioned. Our aims were to monitor the development of spontaneous trigeminal pain in an animal model of MS, and to analyze: i) glial cells, namely astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system and satellite glial cells in the trigeminal ganglion, and ii) metabolic changes in the trigeminal system. The subcutaneous injection of recombinant MOG1-125 protein fragment to Dark Agouti male rats led to the development of relapsing-remitting EAE, with a first peak after 13 days, a remission stage from day 16 and a second peak from day 21. Interestingly, orofacial allodynia developed from day 1 post injection, i.e. well before the onset of EAE, and worsened over time, irrespective of the disease phase. Activation of glial cells both in the trigeminal ganglia and in the brainstem, with no signs of demyelination in the latter tissue, was observed along with metabolic alterations in the trigeminal ganglion. Our data show, for the first time, the spontaneous development of trigeminal sensitization before the onset of relapsing-remitting EAE in rats. Additionally, pain is maintained elevated during all stages of the disease, suggesting the existence of parallel mechanisms controlling motor symptoms and orofacial pain, likely involving glial cell activation and metabolic alterations which can contribute to trigger the sensitization of sensory neurons.
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37
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Maldifassi MC, Momboisse F, Guerra MJ, Vielma AH, Maripillán J, Báez-Matus X, Flores-Muñoz C, Cádiz B, Schmachtenberg O, Martínez AD, Cárdenas AM. The interplay between α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, pannexin-1 channels and P2X7 receptors elicit exocytosis in chromaffin cells. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1789-1808. [PMID: 32931038 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pannexin-1 (Panx1) forms plasma membrane channels that allow the exchange of small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular compartments, and are involved in diverse physiological and pathological responses in the nervous system. However, the signaling mechanisms that induce their opening still remain elusive. Here, we propose a new mechanism for Panx1 channel activation through a functional crosstalk with the highly Ca2+ permeable α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that activation of α7 nAChRs induces Panx1-mediated dye uptake and ATP release in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y-α7. Using membrane permeant Ca2+ chelators, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in SH-SY5Y-α7 cells expressing a membrane-tethered GCAMP3, and Src kinase inhibitors, we further demonstrated that Panx1 channel opening depends on Ca2+ signals localized in submembrane areas, as well as on Src kinases. In turn, Panx1 channels amplify cytosolic Ca2+ signals induced by the activation of α7 nAChRs, by a mechanism that seems to involve ATP release and P2X7 receptor activation, as hydrolysis of extracellular ATP with apyrase or blockage of P2X7 receptors with oxidized ATP significantly reduces the α7 nAChR-Ca2+ signal. The physiological relevance of this crosstalk was also demonstrated in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells, wherein Panx1 channels and P2X7 receptors contribute to the exocytotic release of catecholamines triggered by α7 nAChRs, as measured by amperometry. Together these findings point to a functional coupling between α7 nAChRs, Panx1 channels and P2X7 receptors with physiological relevance in neurosecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Maldifassi
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - María J Guerra
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alex H Vielma
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jaime Maripillán
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ximena Báez-Matus
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Flores-Muñoz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Bárbara Cádiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Agustín D Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ana M Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Emerging importance of satellite glia in nervous system function and dysfunction. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:485-498. [PMID: 32699292 PMCID: PMC7374656 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) closely envelop cell bodies of neurons in sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia. This unique organization is not found elsewhere in the nervous system. SGCs in sensory ganglia are activated by numerous types of nerve injury and inflammation. The activation includes upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein, stronger gap junction-mediated SGC-SGC and neuron-SGC coupling, increased sensitivity to ATP, downregulation of Kir4.1 potassium channels and increased cytokine synthesis and release. There is evidence that these changes in SGCs contribute to chronic pain by augmenting neuronal activity and that these changes are consistent in various rodent pain models and likely also in human pain. Therefore, understanding these changes and the resulting abnormal interactions of SGCs with sensory neurons could provide a mechanistic approach that might be exploited therapeutically in alleviation and prevention of pain. We describe how SGCs are altered in rodent models of four common types of pain: systemic inflammation (sickness behaviour), post-surgical pain, diabetic neuropathic pain and post-herpetic pain.
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Vicario N, Turnaturi R, Spitale FM, Torrisi F, Zappalà A, Gulino R, Pasquinucci L, Chiechio S, Parenti C, Parenti R. Intercellular communication and ion channels in neuropathic pain chronicization. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:841-850. [PMID: 32533221 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is caused by primary lesion or dysfunction of either peripheral or central nervous system. Due to its complex pathogenesis, often related to a number of comorbidities, such as cancer, neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases, neuropathic pain still represents an unmet clinical need, lacking long-term effective treatment and complex case-by-case approach. AIM AND METHODS We analyzed the recent literature on the role of selective voltage-sensitive sodium, calcium and potassium permeable channels and non-selective gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels (HCs) in establishing and maintaining chronic neuropathic conditions. We finally focussed our review on the role of extracellular microenvironment modifications induced by resident glial cells and on the recent advances in cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular environment communication in chronic neuropathies. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an update on the current knowledge of neuropathy chronicization processes with a focus on both neuronal and glial ion channels, as well as on channel-mediated intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Vicario
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Maria Spitale
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Torrisi
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Gulino
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Santina Chiechio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Oasi Research Institute IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Feldman-Goriachnik R, Hanani M. The effects of sympathetic nerve damage on satellite glial cells in the mouse superior cervical ganglion. Auton Neurosci 2019; 221:102584. [PMID: 31494528 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia are surrounded by satellite glial cell (SGCs). There is little information on the effects of nerve damage on SGCs in autonomic ganglia. We studied the consequences of damage to sympathetic nerve terminals by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on SGCs in the mouse superior cervical ganglia (Sup-CG). Immunostaining revealed that at 1-30 d post-6-OHDA injection, SGCs in Sup-CG were activated, as assayed by upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Intracellular labeling showed that dye coupling between SGCs around different neurons increased 4-6-fold 1-14 d after 6-OHDA injection. Behavioral testing 1-7 d post-6-OHDA showed that withdrawal threshold to tactile stimulation of the hind paws was reduced by 65-85%, consistent with hypersensitivity. A single intraperitoneal injection of the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone restored normal tactile thresholds in 6-OHDA-treated mice, suggesting a contribution of SGC gap junctions to pain. Using calcium imaging we found that after 6-OHDA treatment responses of SGCs to ATP were increased by about 30% compared with controls, but responses to ACh were reduced by 48%. The same experiments for SGCs in trigeminal ganglia from 6-OHDA injected mice showed no difference from controls, confirming that 6-OHDA acted selectively on sympathetic nerves. However, systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide did not affect SGCs of Sup-CG, but did influence SGCs in trigeminal ganglia in the same manner as 6-OHDA did on SGCs in Sup-CG. We conclude that even though SGCs in sympathetic and sensory ganglia are morphologically similar, they are quite different functionally, particularly after damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Feldman-Goriachnik
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Evaluation of the Spider ( Phlogiellus genus) Phlotoxin 1 and Synthetic Variants as Antinociceptive Drug Candidates. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090484. [PMID: 31443554 PMCID: PMC6784069 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the two last decades, venom toxins have been explored as alternatives to opioids to treat chronic debilitating pain. At present, approximately 20 potential analgesic toxins, mainly from spider venoms, are known to inhibit with high affinity the NaV1.7 subtype of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, the most promising genetically validated antinociceptive target identified so far. The present study aimed to consolidate the development of phlotoxin 1 (PhlTx1), a 34-amino acid and 3-disulfide bridge peptide of a Phlogiellus genus spider, as an antinociceptive agent by improving its affinity and selectivity for the human (h) NaV1.7 subtype. The synthetic homologue of PhlTx1 was generated and equilibrated between two conformers on reverse-phase liquid chromatography and exhibited potent analgesic effects in a mouse model of NaV1.7-mediated pain. The effects of PhlTx1 and 8 successfully synthetized alanine-substituted variants were studied (by automated whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology) on cell lines stably overexpressing hNaV subtypes, as well as two cardiac targets, the hCaV1.2 and hKV11.1 subtypes of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) and potassium (KV) channels, respectively. PhlTx1 and D7A-PhlTx1 were shown to inhibit hNaV1.1-1.3 and 1.5-1.7 subtypes at hundred nanomolar concentrations, while their affinities for hNaV1.4 and 1.8, hCaV1.2 and hKV11.1 subtypes were over micromolar concentrations. Despite similar analgesic effects in the mouse model of NaV1.7-mediated pain and selectivity profiles, the affinity of D7A-PhlTx1 for the NaV1.7 subtype was at least five times higher than that of the wild-type peptide. Computational modelling was performed to deduce the 3D-structure of PhlTx1 and to suggest the amino acids involved in the efficiency of the molecule. In conclusion, the present structure-activity relationship study of PhlTx1 results in a low improved affinity of the molecule for the NaV1.7 subtype, but without any marked change in the molecule selectivity against the other studied ion channel subtypes. Further experiments are therefore necessary before considering the development of PhlTx1 or synthetic variants as antinociceptive drug candidates.
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Wang J, La JH, Hamill OP. PIEZO1 Is Selectively Expressed in Small Diameter Mouse DRG Neurons Distinct From Neurons Strongly Expressing TRPV1. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:178. [PMID: 31379500 PMCID: PMC6659173 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a high resolution in situ hybridization technique we have measured PIEZO1, PIEZO2, and TRPV1 transcripts in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Consistent with previous studies, PIEZO2 transcripts were highly expressed in DRG neurons of all sizes, including most notably the largest diameter neurons implicated in mediating touch and proprioception. In contrast, PIEZO1 transcripts were selectively expressed in smaller DRG neurons, which are implicated in mediating nociception. Moreover, the small neurons expressing PIEZO1 were mostly distinct from those neurons that strongly expressed TRPV1, one of the channels implicated in heat-nociception. Interestingly, while PIEZO1- and TRPV1- expressing neurons form essentially non-overlapping populations, PIEZO2 showed co-expression in both populations. Using an in vivo functional test for the selective expression, we found that Yoda1, a PIEZO1-specific agonist, induced a mechanical hyperalgesia that displayed a significantly prolonged time course compared with that induced by capsaicin, a TRPV1-specific agonist. Taken together, our results indicate that PIEZO1 should be considered a potential candidate in forming the long sought channel mediating mechano-nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-Ho La
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Owen P Hamill
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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43
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Jin YZ, Zhang P, Hao T, Wang LM, Guo MD, Gan YH. Connexin 43 contributes to temporomandibular joint inflammation induced-hypernociception via sodium channel 1.7 in trigeminal ganglion. Neurosci Lett 2019; 707:134301. [PMID: 31152853 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) in trigeminal ganglion (TG) was a critical factor in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation-induced hypernociception, but the mechanism underlying inflammation-induced upregulation of Nav1.7 remained unclear. Glial-neuron interaction plays a critical role in pain process and connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein expressed in satellite glial cells (SGCs) has been shown to play an important role in several pain models. In the present study, we investigate the role of Cx43 in TMJ inflammation-induced hypernociception and its possible impact on neuronal Nav1.7. We induced TMJ inflammation in rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into TMJ and observed a decrease in head withdraw threshold after 24 h. Electron microscopy showed morphological alterations of SGCs in TMJ-inflamed rats. The expression of Cx43, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Nav1.7 increased greatly compared with controls. In addition, pretreatment with Cx43 blockers in TMJ-inflamed rats could alleviate mechanical hypernociception, inhibit SGCs activation and IL-1βrelease, and thus block the upregulation of Nav1.7. These findings indicate that the propagation of SGCs activation via Cx43 plays a critical role in Nav1.7-involved mechanical hypernociception induced by TMJ inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Jin
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ting Hao
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lu-Ming Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mu-Di Guo
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye-Hua Gan
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.
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44
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Spray DC, Iglesias R, Shraer N, Suadicani SO, Belzer V, Hanstein R, Hanani M. Gap junction mediated signaling between satellite glia and neurons in trigeminal ganglia. Glia 2019; 67:791-801. [PMID: 30715764 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral sensory ganglia contain the somata of neurons mediating mechanical, thermal, and painful sensations from somatic, visceral, and oro-facial organs. Each neuronal cell body is closely surrounded by satellite glial cells (SGCs) that have properties and functions similar to those of central astrocytes, including expression of gap junction proteins and functional dye coupling. As shown in other pain models, after systemic pain induction by intra-peritoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, dye coupling among SGCs in intact trigeminal ganglion was enhanced. Moreover, neuron-neuron and neuron-SGC coupling was also detected. To verify the presence of gap junction-mediated coupling between SGCs and sensory neurons, we performed dual whole cell patch clamp recordings from both freshly isolated and short term cultured cell pairs dissociated from mouse trigeminal ganglia. Bidirectional gap junction mediated electrical responses were frequently recorded between SGCs, between neurons and between neurons and SGCs. Polarization of SGC altered neuronal excitability, providing evidence that gap junction-mediated interactions between neurons and glia within sensory ganglia may contribute to integration of peripheral sensory responses, and to the modulation and coordinaton of neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Spray
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rodolfo Iglesias
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nathanael Shraer
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Sylvia O Suadicani
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Vitali Belzer
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Regina Hanstein
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Menachem Hanani
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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45
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Wang XB, Ma W, Luo T, Yang JW, Wang XP, Dai YF, Guo JH, Li LY. A novel primary culture method for high-purity satellite glial cells derived from rat dorsal root ganglion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:339-345. [PMID: 30531018 PMCID: PMC6301172 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.244797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells surround neurons within dorsal root ganglia. Previous studies have focused on single-cell suspensions of cultured neurons derived from rat dorsal root ganglia. At present, the primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from rat dorsal root ganglia requires no digestion skill. Hence, the aim of the present study was to establish a novel primary culture method for satellite glial cells derived from dorsal root ganglia. Neonatal rat spine was collected and an incision made to expose the transverse protrusion and remove dorsal root ganglia. Dorsal root ganglia were freed from nerve fibers, connective tissue, and capsule membranes, then rinsed and transferred to 6-well plates, and cultured in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C. After 3 days in culture, some cells had migrated from dorsal root ganglia. After subculture, cells were identified by immunofluorescence labeling for three satellite glial cell-specific markers: glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β. Cultured cells expressed glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S100β, suggesting they are satellite glial cells with a purity of > 95%. Thus, we have successfully established a novel primary culture method for obtaining high-purity satellite glial cells from rat dorsal root ganglia without digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province; Medical Faculty, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin-Wei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University; Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Peng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Dai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian-Hui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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46
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Gonçalves TC, Benoit E, Partiseti M, Servent D. The Na V1.7 Channel Subtype as an Antinociceptive Target for Spider Toxins in Adult Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1000. [PMID: 30233376 PMCID: PMC6131673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although necessary for human survival, pain may sometimes become pathologic if long-lasting and associated with alterations in its signaling pathway. Opioid painkillers are officially used to treat moderate to severe, and even mild, pain. However, the consequent strong and not so rare complications that occur, including addiction and overdose, combined with pain management costs, remain an important societal and economic concern. In this context, animal venom toxins represent an original source of antinociceptive peptides that mainly target ion channels (such as ASICs as well as TRP, CaV, KV and NaV channels) involved in pain transmission. The present review aims to highlight the NaV1.7 channel subtype as an antinociceptive target for spider toxins in adult dorsal root ganglia neurons. It will detail (i) the characteristics of these primary sensory neurons, the first ones in contact with pain stimulus and conveying the nociceptive message, (ii) the electrophysiological properties of the different NaV channel subtypes expressed in these neurons, with a particular attention on the NaV1.7 subtype, an antinociceptive target of choice that has been validated by human genetic evidence, and (iii) the features of spider venom toxins, shaped of inhibitory cysteine knot motif, that present high affinity for the NaV1.7 subtype associated with evidenced analgesic efficacy in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia C Gonçalves
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery - High Content Biology, Paris, France.,Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA de Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA de Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS/Université Paris-Sud 9197, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Partiseti
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery - High Content Biology, Paris, France
| | - Denis Servent
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA de Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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47
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Guo J, Sheng X, Dan Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Ji H, Wang J, Xu Z, Che H, Li G, Liang S, Li G. Involvement of P2Y 12 receptor of stellate ganglion in diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:345-357. [PMID: 30084083 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes as a chronic epidemic disease with obvious symptom of hyperglycemia is seriously affecting human health globally due to the diverse diabetic complications. Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a common complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and incurs high morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanism for DCAN is unclear. It is well known that purinergic signaling is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function. In this study, we examined whether the P2Y12 receptor could mediate DCAN-induced sympathetic reflexes. Our results revealed that the abnormal changes of blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, and sympathetic nerve discharge were improved in diabetic rats treated with P2Y12 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Meanwhile, the expression of P2Y12 receptor, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and connexin 43 (Cx43) in stellate ganglia (SG) was decreased in P2Y12 shRNA-treated diabetic rats. In addition, knocking down the P2Y12 receptor also inhibited the activation of p38 MARK in the SG of diabetic rats. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that P2Y12 receptor in the SG may participate in developing diabetic autonomic neuropathy, suggesting that the P2Y12 receptor could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of DCAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xuan Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu Dan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yurong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yuanruohan Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Huihong Ji
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zixi Xu
- Department of the First Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hongyu Che
- Queen Mary School, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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48
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Makarenkova HP, Shah SB, Shestopalov VI. The two faces of pannexins: new roles in inflammation and repair. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:273-288. [PMID: 29950881 PMCID: PMC6016592 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s128401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins belong to a family of ATP-release channels expressed in almost all cell types. An increasing body of literature on pannexins suggests that these channels play dual and sometimes contradictory roles, contributing to normal cell function, as well as to the pathological progression of disease. In this review, we summarize our understanding of pannexin "protective" and "harmful" functions in inflammation, regeneration and mechanical signaling. We also suggest a possible basis for pannexin's dual roles, related to extracellular ATP and K+ levels and the activation of various types of P2 receptors that are associated with pannexin. Finally, we speculate upon therapeutic strategies related to pannexin using eyes, lacrimal glands, and peripheral nerves as examples of interesting therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameer B Shah
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of California.,Research Division, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Valery I Shestopalov
- Bascom Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences.,Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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49
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Zhu G, Chen Z, Dai B, Zheng C, Jiang H, Xu Y, Sheng X, Guo J, Dan Y, Liang S, Li G. Chronic lead exposure enhances the sympathoexcitatory response associated with P2X4 receptor in rat stellate ganglia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:631-639. [PMID: 29457680 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lead exposure causes peripheral sympathetic nerve stimulation, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Purinergic receptors are involved in the sympathoexcitatory response induced by myocardial ischemia injury. However, whether P2X4 receptor participates in sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure and the possible mechanisms are still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the change of the sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure via the P2X4 receptor in the stellate ganglion (SG). Rats were given lead acetate through drinking water freely at doses of 0 g/L (control group), 0.5 g/L (low lead group), and 2 g/L (high lead group) for 1 year. Our results demonstrated that lead exposure caused autonomic nervous dysfunction, including blood pressure and heart rate increased and heart rate variability (HRV) decreased. Western blotting results indicated that after lead exposure, the protein expression levels in the SG of P2X4 receptor, IL-1β and Cx43 were up-regulated, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was activated. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of P2X4 receptor in the SG was higher in lead exposure group than that in the control group. Double-labeled immunofluorescence results showed that P2X4 receptor was co-expressed with glutamine synthetase (GS), the marker of satellite glial cells (SGCs). These changes were positively correlated with the dose of lead exposure. The up-regulated expression of P2X4 receptor in SGCs of the SG maybe enhance the sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochun Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenying Chen
- The Fourth Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Dai
- The Fourth Clinical, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaoran Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huaide Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yurong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Dan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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50
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Gonçalves NP, Vægter CB, Pallesen LT. Peripheral Glial Cells in the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:268. [PMID: 29770116 PMCID: PMC5940740 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing, affecting more than half a billion individuals within the next few years. As diabetes negatively affects several physiological systems, this dramatic increase represents not only impaired quality of life on the individual level but also a huge socioeconomic challenge. One of the physiological consequences affecting up to half of diabetic patients is the progressive deterioration of the peripheral nervous system, resulting in spontaneous pain and eventually loss of sensory function, motor weakness, and organ dysfunctions. Despite intense research on the consequences of hyperglycemia on nerve functions, the biological mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy are still largely unknown, and treatment options lacking. Research has mainly focused directly on the neuronal component, presumably from the perspective that this is the functional signal-transmitting unit of the nerve. However, it is noteworthy that each single peripheral sensory neuron is intimately associated with numerous glial cells; the neuronal soma is completely enclosed by satellite glial cells and the length of the longest axons covered by at least 1,000 Schwann cells. The glial cells are vital for the neuron, but very little is still known about these cells in general and especially how they respond to diabetes in terms of altered neuronal support. We will discuss current knowledge of peripheral glial cells and argue that increased research in these cells is imperative for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Pereira Gonçalves
- Department of Biomedicine, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (IDNC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Bjerggaard Vægter
- Department of Biomedicine, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (IDNC), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lone Tjener Pallesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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