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Rani N, Sahu M, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Triaging between post-translational modification of cell cycle regulators and their therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102174. [PMID: 38135008 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, present challenges in healthcare because of their complicated etiologies and absence of healing remedies. Lately, the emerging role of post-translational modifications (PTMs), in the context of cell cycle regulators, has garnered big interest as a potential avenue for therapeutic intervention. The review explores the problematic panorama of PTMs on cell cycle regulators and their implications in neurodegenerative diseases. We delve into the dynamic phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, Glycation, and Neddylation that modulate the key cell cycle regulators, consisting of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and their inhibitors. The dysregulation of these PTMs is related to aberrant cell cycle in neurons, which is one of the factors involved in neurodegenerative pathologies. Moreover, the effect of exogenous activation of CDKs and CDK inhibitors through PTMs on the signaling cascade was studied in postmitotic conditions of NDDs. Furthermore, the therapeutic implications of CDK inhibitors and associated alteration in PTMs were discussed. Lastly, we explored the putative mechanism of PTMs to restore normal neuronal function that might reverse NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Rani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042; Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India.
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042.
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Xu Y, Cai W, Sang S, Cheng X, Jin B, Zhao X, Zhong C. The Dynamic SUMOylation Changes and Their Potential Role in the Senescence of APOE4 Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 12:16. [PMID: 38275378 PMCID: PMC10813299 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) and aging are the major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). SUMOylation is intimately linked to the development of AD and the aging process. However, the SUMOylation status in APOE4 mice has not been uncovered. In this study, we investigated SENP1 and SUMOylation changes in the brains of aged APOE3 and APOE4 mice, aiming to understand their potential impact on mitochondrial metabolism and their contribution to cellular senescence in APOE4 mice. Concurrently, SUMO1-conjugated protein levels decreased, while SUMO2/3-conjugated protein levels increased relatively with the aging of APOE4 mice. This suggests that the equilibrium between the SUMOylation and deSUMOylation processes may be associated with senescence and longevity. Our findings highlight the significant roles of SENP1 and SUMOylation changes in APOE4-driven pathology and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaoming Sang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Boru Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangteng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Reduced SUMOylation of Nrf2 signaling contributes to its inhibition induced by amyloid-β. Neurosci Lett 2023; 799:137118. [PMID: 36764479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) has been considered as one of the important mechanisms in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). The inhibition of endogenous antioxidant Nrf2 signaling in the brain of AD patients aggravates the oxidative damage, however, the causes of Nrf2 signaling inhibition are unclear. It is reported that smallubiquitin-like modification (SUMOylation) is involved in the process of oxidative injury. To investigate whether and how SUMOylation was involved in the inhibition of Nrf2 signaling pathway induced by Aβ, Aβ intrahippocampal injection rat model and Aβ treated SH-SY5Y cell model were used in the current study. Small interfering RNA and lentivirus transfection were used to intervene SUMOylation, and the level of SUMOylation was assessed by immunoprecipitation. The present in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that SUMOylation levels of Nrf2 and MafF, as well as the overall SUMOylation level were reduced under long-term Aβ insult. Meanwhile, the binding of Nrf2 to MafF was decreased, accompanied by low interaction with antioxidant response element (ARE) area of gene. Down-regulation of SUMO protein exacerbated the Aβ-induced inhibition of Nrf2 signaling pathway, while, enhancement of SUMOylation of Nrf2 and MafF by overexpression of Ubc9 reversed this process. These results imply that reduction in SUMOylation induced by Aβ contributed to the inhibition of Nrf2 signaling, and SUMOylation might be a potential therapeutic target of AD.
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PS1 Affects the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating BACE1 Distribution in the ER and BACE1 Maturation in the Golgi Apparatus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416151. [PMID: 36555791 PMCID: PMC9782474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritic plaques are one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They are formed by the aggregation of extracellular amyloid-β protein (Aβ), which is derived from the sequential cleavage of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase. BACE1 is the main β-secretase in the pathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease, which is believed to be a rate-limiting step of Aβ production. Presenilin 1 (PS1) is the active center of the γ-secretase that participates in the APP hydrolysis process. Mutations in the PS1 gene (PSEN1) are the most common cause of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). The PSEN1 mutations can alter the activity of γ-secretase on the cleavage of APP. Previous studies have shown that PSEN1 mutations increase the expression and activity of BACE1 and that BACE1 expression and activity are elevated in the brains of PSEN1 mutant knock-in mice, compared with wild-type mice, as well as in the cerebral cortex of FAD patients carrying PSEN1 mutations, compared with sporadic AD patients and controls. Here, we used a Psen1 knockout cell line and a PS1 inhibitor to show that PS1 affects the expression of BACE1 in vitro. Furthermore, we used sucrose gradient fractionation combined with western blotting to analyze the distribution of BACE1, combined with a time-lapse technique to show that PS1 upregulates the distribution and trafficking of BACE1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and endosomes. More importantly, we found that the PSEN1 mutant S170F increases the distribution of BACE1 in the endoplasmic reticulum and changes the ratio of mature BACE1 in the trans-Golgi network. The effect of PSEN1 mutations on BACE1 may contribute to determining the phenotype of early onset FAD.
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Chakrabarty R, Yousuf S, Singh MP. Contributive Role of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia Towards the Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4274-4291. [PMID: 35503159 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the causes of dementia that results from several infections/biological conditions leading to either cell disruption or loss of neuronal communication. Studies have documented the accumulation of two proteins, beta-amyloid (Aβ), which accumulates on the exteriors of neurons, and tau (Tau), which assembles at the interiors of brain cells and is chiefly liable for the progression of the disease. Several molecular and cellular pathways account for the accumulation of amyloid-β and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, which are phosphorylated variants of Tau protein. Moreover, research has revealed a potential connection between AD and diabetes. It has also been demonstrated that both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia have a significant role in the development of AD. In addition, SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier protein) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. SUMOylation is the process by which modification of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Tau takes place. Furthermore, Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be an efficient model organism in studies to establish the relationship between AD and variations in blood glucose levels. In addition, the review successfully identifies the common pathway that links the effects of fluctuations in glucose levels on AD pathogenesis and advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Chakrabarty
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Ludhiana National Highway, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sumaira Yousuf
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Ludhiana National Highway, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Mahendra P Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Ludhiana National Highway, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
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A splicing variant of TFEB negatively regulates the TFEB-autophagy pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21119. [PMID: 34702966 PMCID: PMC8548335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Here, we cloned a novel splicing variant of TFEB, comprising 281 amino acids (hereafter referred to as small TFEB), and lacking the helix-loop-helix (HLH) and leucine zipper (LZ) motifs present in the full-length TFEB (TFEB-L). The TFEB variant is widely expressed in several tissues, including the brain, although its expression level is considerably lower than that of TFEB-L. Intriguingly, in cells stably expressing small TFEB, the expression profile of genes was inverted compared to that in cells ectopically expressing TFEB-L. In addition, fisetin-induced luciferase activity of promoter containing either coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) element or antioxidant response element (ARE) was significantly repressed by co-transfection with small TFEB. Moreover, fisetin-mediated clearance of phosphorylated tau or α-synuclein was attenuated in the presence of small TFEB. Taken together, the results suggest that small TFEB is a novel splicing variant of TFEB that might act as a negative regulator of TFEB-L, thus fine tuning the activity of ALP during cellular stress.
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Effects of aerobic exercise on hippocampal SUMOylation in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 767:136303. [PMID: 34695453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. SUMOylation, a post-translational modification, has been found to be dysregulated in the AD brain and to exacerbate learning and memory disabilities and increase amyloid beta (Aβ) expression further. To investigate whether exercise-induced alleviation of AD was associated with SUMOylation, which still remains unknown, 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice and APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into the wild-type control (WC), wild-type exercise (WE), APP/PS1 control (AC), and APP/PS1 exercise (AE) groups. Mice in the exercise groups underwent a 3-month treadmill exercise regimen. We observed impaired learning and memory abilities in APP/PS1 mice, but the 3-month treadmill exercise regimen improved spatial learning and memory abilities in wild-type and APP/PS1 mice. In addition, senile plaques, SUMO1 mRNA, and SENP1 mRNA levels increased in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice. However, 3-month treadmill exercise decreased the levels of senile plaques, SUMO1 mRNA and SENP1 mRNA as well as may reduce SUMO1 modification in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice, but SUMO2 mRNA expression, SUMO2/3 modification, and overall SUMOylation levels did not significantly change. Our results suggest that the impaired learning and memory abilities and aggregations of Aβ may relate to increased hippocampal SUMO1 transcription levels; the beneficial effects of treadmill exercise on learning and memory performances and AD pathogenesis may associated with the abatement of SUMO1 modification, but may not with SUMO2/3 modification.
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Qin Y, Yang X, Xing Z, Shen Y, Wu H, Qi Y. The function of SUMOylation and its crucial roles in the development of neurological diseases. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21510. [PMID: 33710677 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002702r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are relatively complex diseases of a large system; however, the detailed mechanism of their pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated, and effective treatment methods are still lacking for some of the diseases. The SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification is a dynamic and reversible process that is catalyzed by SUMO-specific E1, E2, and E3 ligases and reversed by a family of SENPs (SUMO/Sentrin-specific proteases). SUMOylation covalently conjugates numerous cellular proteins, and affects their cellular localization and biological activity in numerous cellular processes. A wide range of neuronal proteins have been identified as SUMO substrates, and the disruption of SUMOylation results in defects in synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and neuronal stress responses. SUMOylation disorders cause many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. By modulating the ion channel subunit, SUMOylation imbalance is responsible for the development of various channelopathies. The regulation of protein SUMOylation in neurons may provide a new strategy for the development of targeted therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases and channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengcao Xing
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajie Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yitao Qi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Li YZ, Liu YJ, Zhang W, Luo SF, Zhou X, He GQ. Combined treatment with valproic acid and estrogen has neuroprotective effects in ovariectomized mice with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2078-2085. [PMID: 33642397 PMCID: PMC8343327 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibit dramatically reduced sensitivity to estrogen replacement therapy, which is though to be related to an estrogen receptor (ER)α/ERβ ratio imbalance arising from a significantly decreased level of ERs of the brain. The aim of our study was to investigate whether valproic acid (VPA) can enhance the beneficial effects of estrogen on cognitive function through restoration of ERα and ERβ expression in the brain. We removed the ovaries of female APP/PS1 mice to simulate the low estrogen levels present in postmenopausal women and then administered VPA (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, once daily), 17β-estradiol (E2) (2.4 μg, intraperitoneal injection, once daily), liquiritigenin (LG) (50 μg/kg, intragastric infusion, once daily), VPA + E2, or VPA + LG for 4 successive weeks. Compared with treatment with a single drug, treatment with VPA + E2 or VPA + LG significantly increased the level of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, increased the expression of estrogen receptor α, reduced the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifiers, and increased the level of estrogen receptor β. This resulted in enhanced sensitivity to estrogen therapy, reduced amyloid β aggregation, reduced abnormal phosphorylation of the tau protein, reduced neuronal loss, increased dendritic spine and postsynaptic density, and significantly alleviated memory loss and learning impairment in mice. This study was approved by the Chongqing Medical University Animal Protection and Ethics Committee, China on March 6, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology; Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Fang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology; Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Galactophore, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Qiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology; Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Choi JY, Cho SJ, Park JH, Yun SM, Jo C, Kim EJ, Huh GY, Park MH, Han C, Koh YH. Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma N-Cadherin in Alzheimer Disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:484-492. [PMID: 32296844 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin is a synaptic adhesion molecule stabilizing synaptic cell structure and function. Cleavage of N-cadherin by γ-secretase produces a C-terminal fragment, which is increased in the brains of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Here, we investigated the relationship between fluid N-cadherin levels and AD pathology. We first showed that the cleaved levels of N-cadherin were increased in homogenates of postmortem brain from AD patients compared with that in non-AD patients. We found that cleaved N-cadherin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid were increased in AD dementia compared with that in healthy control. ELISA results revealed that plasma levels of N-cadherin in 76 patients with AD were higher than those in 133 healthy control subjects. The N-cadherin levels in the brains of an AD mouse model, APP Swedish/PS1delE9 Tg (APP Tg) were reduced compared with that in control. The N-terminal fragment of N-cadherin produced by cleavage at a plasma membrane was detected extravascularly, accumulated in senile plaques in the cortex of an APP Tg mouse. In addition, N-cadherin plasma levels were increased in APP Tg mice. Collectively, our study suggests that alteration of N-cadherin levels might be associated with AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Choi
- From the Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Sun-Jung Cho
- From the Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- From the Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Sang-Moon Yun
- From the Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Chulman Jo
- From the Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gi Yeong Huh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Moon Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Medical College, Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- From the Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
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Icaritin Improves Memory and Learning Ability by Decreasing BACE-1 Expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8963845. [PMID: 32714426 PMCID: PMC7345953 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8963845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Icaritin (ICT) is the main component in the traditional Chinese herb Epimedium, and it has been shown to have anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) effects, but its neuroprotective effects and the pharmacological mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were randomly divided into a model group and an ICT-treated group. Learning and memory abilities were detected by the Morris water maze assay, and the expression of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) was determined by Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histological changes in CA1 and CA3 were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E staining), and the immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expression and localization of Bax and Bcl-2. The results showed that compared with the SAMP8 mice, the ICT-treated SAMP8 mice showed improvements in spatial learning and memory retention. In addition, the number of necrotic cells and the morphological changes in CA1 and CA3 areas were significantly alleviated in the group of ICT-treated SAMP8 mice, and the expression of BACE1, Aβ1-42 levels, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the hippocampus was obviously decreased in the ICT-treated group compared with the control group. The results demonstrated that ICT reduced BACE-1 levels, the contents of Aβ1-42, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, suggesting that ICT might have potential therapeutic benefits by delaying or modifying the progression of AD.
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Princz A, Tavernarakis N. SUMOylation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Gerontology 2019; 66:122-130. [PMID: 31505513 DOI: 10.1159/000502142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications are ubiquitous regulators of cellular processes. The regulatory role of SUMOylation, the attachment of a small ubiquitin-related modifier to a target protein, has been implicated in fundamental processes like cell division, DNA damage repair, mitochondrial homeostasis, and stress responses. Recently, it is gaining more attention in drug discovery as well. As life expectancy keeps rising, more individuals are at risk for developing age-associated diseases. This not only makes a person's life uncomfortable, but it also places an economic burden on society. Therefore, finding treatments for age-related diseases is an important issue. Understanding the basic mechanisms in the cell under normal and disease conditions is fundamental for drug discovery. There is an increasing number of reports showing that the ageing process could be influenced by SUMOylation. Similarly, SUMOylation is essential for proper neuronal function. In this review we summarize the latest results regarding the connection between SUMOylation and neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight the significance of specific SUMO target proteins and the importance of SUMO isoform specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Princz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, .,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece,
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Huang J, Huang N, Zhang M, Nie J, Xu Y, Wu Q, Shi J. Dendrobium alkaloids decrease Aβ by regulating α- and β-secretases in hippocampal neurons of SD rats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7627. [PMID: 31534855 PMCID: PMC6733236 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia in the elderly. The imbalance between production and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) is a very early, often initiating factor in AD. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) extracted from a Chinese medicinal herb, which have been shown to have anti-aging effects, protected against neuronal impairment in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we confirmed that DNLA can improve learning and memory function in elderly normal mice, indicating that DNLA has potential health benefits. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we further explored the effect of DNLA on neurons, which is closely related to learning and memory, based on Aβ. Methods We exposed cultured hippocampal neurons to DNLA to investigate the effect of DNLA on Aβ in vitro. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assays. Proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results The cell viability of hippocampal neurons was not changed significantly after treatment with DNLA. But DNLA reduced the protein expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10), β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and Aβ1-42 of hippocampal neurons in rats and increased the protein expression of ADAM17. Conclusions DNLA decreases Aβ by regulating α- and β-secretase in hippocampal neurons of SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | | | - Jing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yunyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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14
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Ma L, Herren AW, Espinal G, Randol J, McLaughlin B, Martinez-Cerdeño V, Pessah IN, Hagerman RJ, Hagerman PJ. Composition of the Intranuclear Inclusions of Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:143. [PMID: 31481131 PMCID: PMC6720097 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with a premutation repeat expansion (55-200 CGG repeats) in the 5' noncoding region of the FMR1 gene. Solitary intranuclear inclusions within FXTAS neurons and astrocytes constitute a hallmark of the disorder, yet our understanding of how and why these bodies form is limited. Here, we have discovered that FXTAS inclusions emit a distinct autofluorescence spectrum, which forms the basis of a novel, unbiased method for isolating FXTAS inclusions by preparative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Using a combination of autofluorescence-based FACS and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics, we have identified more than two hundred proteins that are enriched within the inclusions relative to FXTAS whole nuclei. Whereas no single protein species dominates inclusion composition, highly enriched levels of conjugated small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (SUMO 2) protein and p62/sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1) protein were found within the inclusions. Many additional proteins involved with RNA binding, protein turnover, and DNA damage repair were enriched within inclusions relative to total nuclear protein. The current analysis has also allowed the first direct detection, through peptide sequencing, of endogenous FMRpolyG peptide, the product of repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation of the FMR1 mRNA. However, this peptide was found only at extremely low levels and not within whole FXTAS nuclear preparations, raising the question whether endogenous RAN products exist at quantities sufficient to contribute to FXTAS pathogenesis. The abundance of the inclusion-associated ubiquitin- and SUMO-based modifiers supports a model for inclusion formation as the result of increased protein loads and elevated oxidative stress leading to maladaptive autophagy. These results highlight the need to further investigate FXTAS pathogenesis in the context of endogenous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony W Herren
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Glenda Espinal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Randol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bridget McLaughlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Veronica Martinez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital of Northern California, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Paul J Hagerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA.
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15
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: recent progress and treatment strategies of pharmaceuticals targeting notable pathological factors. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:623-652. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
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16
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Cho SJ, Lim HJ, Jo C, Park MH, Han C, Koh YH. Plasma ATG5 is increased in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4741. [PMID: 30894637 PMCID: PMC6427023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of autophagy, a cellular mechanism essential for self-digestion of damaged proteins and organelles, is involved in neurological degenerative diseases including AD. Previously, we reported that autophagosomes are increased in the brains of AD mouse model. However, the plasma levels of autophagic markers have not yet been investigated in patients with AD. In this study, we investigated the expression of autophagy-related genes 5 and 12 (ATG5 and ATG12, respectively) in cells in vitro upon amyloid-beta (Aβ) treatment and in the plasma of AD patients. ATG5-ATG12 complex levels were increased in primary rat cortical neurons and human umbilical vein endothelial cells after Aβ treatment. Furthermore, we compared plasma from 69 patients with dementia, 82 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 127 cognitively normal control participants. Plasma levels of ATG5 were significantly elevated in patients with dementia (149.3 ± 7.5 ng/mL) or MCI (152.9 ± 6.9 ng/mL) compared with the control subjects (129.0 ± 4.1 ng/mL) (p = 0.034, p = 0.016, respectively). Our results indicate that alterations in the plasma ATG5 levels might be a potential biomarker in patients at risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jung Cho
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Korea
| | - Hyun Joung Lim
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Korea
| | - Chulman Jo
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Korea
| | - Moon Ho Park
- Departments of Neurology, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Korea.
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17
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Nyhus C, Pihl M, Hyttel P, Hall VJ. Evidence for nucleolar dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:685-700. [PMID: 30849050 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is a dynamically changing organelle that is central to a number of important cellular functions. Not only is it important for ribosome biogenesis, but it also reacts to stress by instigating a nucleolar stress response and is further involved in regulating the cell cycle. Several studies report nucleolar dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have reported a decrease in both total nucleolar volume and transcriptional activity of the nucleolar organizing regions. Ribosomes appear to be targeted by oxidation and reduced protein translation has been reported. In addition, several nucleolar proteins are dysregulated and some of these appear to be implicated in classical AD pathology. Some studies also suggest that the nucleolar stress response may be activated in AD, albeit this latter research is rather limited and requires further investigation. The purpose of this review is to draw the connections of all these studies together and signify that there are clear changes in the nucleolus and the ribosomes in AD. The nucleolus is therefore an organelle that requires more attention than previously given in relation to understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Nyhus
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, Frederiksberg C DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Maria Pihl
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, Frederiksberg C DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, Frederiksberg C DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Jane Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, Frederiksberg C DK-1870, Denmark
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18
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Galvão F, Grokoski KC, da Silva BB, Lamers ML, Siqueira IR. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing as a biological link between Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:83-91. [PMID: 30500566 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for several illnesses, such as Alzheimer's Disease and various cancers. However, an inverse correlation between malignancies and Alzheimer's Disease has been suggested. This review addressed the potential role of non-amyloidogenic and amyloidogenic pathways of amyloid precursor protein processing as a relevant biochemical mechanism to clarify this association. Amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways have been related to Alzheimer's Disease and certain malignancies, respectively. Several known molecules involved in APP processing, including its regulation and final products, were summarized. Among them some candidate mechanisms emerged, such as extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk) and protein kinase C (PKC). Therefore, the imbalance of APP processing may be involved with the negative correlation between cancer and Alzheimer Disease.
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19
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Cox OF, Huber PW. Developing Practical Therapeutic Strategies that Target Protein SUMOylation. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:960-969. [PMID: 30362419 PMCID: PMC6700758 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666181026151802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) has emerged as a global mechanism for the control and integration of a wide variety of biological processes through the regulation of protein activity, stability and intracellular localization. As SUMOylation is examined in greater detail, it has become clear that the process is at the root of several pathologies including heart, endocrine, and inflammatory disease, and various types of cancer. Moreover, it is certain that perturbation of this process, either globally or of a specific protein, accounts for many instances of congenital birth defects. In order to be successful, practical strategies to ameliorate conditions due to disruptions in this post-translational modification will need to consider the multiple components of the SUMOylation machinery and the extraordinary number of proteins that undergo this modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia F. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, U.S.A
| | - Paul W. Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, U.S.A
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20
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Stankova T, Piepkorn L, Bayer TA, Jahn O, Tirard M. SUMO1-conjugation is altered during normal aging but not by increased amyloid burden. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12760. [PMID: 29633471 PMCID: PMC6052395 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper equilibrium of post-translational protein modifications is essential for normal cell physiology, and alteration in these processes is key in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Recently, for instance, alteration in protein SUMOylation has been linked to amyloid pathology. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the role of protein SUMOylation during aging and increased amyloid burden in vivo using a His6 -HA-SUMO1 knock-in mouse in the 5XFAD model of Alzheimer's disease. Interestingly, we did not observe any alteration in the levels of SUMO1-conjugation related to Alzheimer's disease. SUMO1 conjugates remained localized to neuronal nuclei upon increased amyloid burden and during aging and were not detected in amyloid plaques. Surprisingly however, we observed age-related alterations in global levels of SUMO1 conjugation and at the level of individual substrates using quantitative proteomic analysis. The identified SUMO1 candidate substrates are dominantly nuclear proteins, mainly involved in RNA processing. Our findings open novel directions of research for studying a functional link between SUMOylation and its role in guarding nuclear functions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trayana Stankova
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| | - Lars Piepkorn
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Proteomics Group; Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG); Göttingen Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Proteomics Group; Göttingen Germany
| | - Marilyn Tirard
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
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21
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Yang Y, He Y, Wang X, Liang Z, He G, Zhang P, Zhu H, Xu N, Liang S. Protein SUMOylation modification and its associations with disease. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170167. [PMID: 29021212 PMCID: PMC5666083 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation, as a post-translational modification, plays essential roles in various biological functions including cell growth, migration, cellular responses to stress and tumorigenesis. The imbalance of SUMOylation and deSUMOylation has been associated with the occurrence and progression of various diseases. Herein, we summarize and discuss the signal crosstalk between SUMOylation and ubiquitination of proteins, protein SUMOylation relations with several diseases, and the identification approaches for SUMOylation site. With the continuous development of bioinformatics and mass spectrometry, several accurate and high-throughput methods have been implemented to explore small ubiquitin-like modifier-modified substrates and sites, which is helpful for deciphering protein SUMOylation-mediated molecular mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, No.17, 3rd Section of People's South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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22
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Vijayakumaran S, Pountney DL. SUMOylation, aging and autophagy in neurodegeneration. Neurotoxicology 2018; 66:53-57. [PMID: 29490232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is essential for the wellbeing of several cellular systems. Post-translational modifications (PTM) coordinate various pathways in response to abnormal aggregation of proteins in neurodegenerative disease states. In the presence of accumulating misfolded proteins and toxic aggregates, the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is associated with various substrates, including chaperones and other recruited factors, for refolding and for clearance via proteolytic systems, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPS), chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and macroautophagy. However, these pathological aggregates are also known to inhibit both the UPS and CMA, further creating a toxic burden on cells. This review suggests that re-routing cytotoxic aggregates towards selective macroautophagy by modulating the SUMO pathway could provide new mechanisms towards neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamini Vijayakumaran
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Dean L Pountney
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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23
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Knock E, Matsuzaki S, Takamura H, Satoh K, Rooke G, Han K, Zhang H, Staniszewski A, Katayama T, Arancio O, Fraser PE. SUMO1 impact on Alzheimer disease pathology in an amyloid-depositing mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 110:154-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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24
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common disorder of progressive cognitive decline among elderly subjects. Angiogenesis-related factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) might be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Soluble form of the VEGF receptor is likely to be an intrinsic negative counterpart of VEGF. We measured the plasma levels of VEGF and its two soluble receptors (sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2) in 120 control subjects, 75 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 76 patients with AD using ELISA. Plasma levels of VEGF in patients with AD were higher than those in healthy control subjects. However, plasma levels of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 were lower in patients with AD than in healthy control subjects. Levels of VEGFR2 mRNA were significantly decreased in human umbilical vein endothelial cells after amyloid-beta treatment. Further, protein levels of VEGFR2 were also decreased in the brains of AD model mice. In addition, we show that the expression of sVEGFR2 and VEGFR2 was also decreased by the transfection with the Notch intracellular domain. These results indicate that the alterations of VEGF and its two receptors levels might be associated with those at risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
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25
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SUMOylation and calcium signalling: potential roles in the brain and beyond. Neuronal Signal 2017; 1:NS20160010. [PMID: 32714579 PMCID: PMC7373246 DOI: 10.1042/ns20160010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation (or SUMOylation) is a post-translational protein modification implicated in alterations to protein expression, localization and function. Despite a number of nuclear roles for SUMO being well characterized, this process has only started to be explored in relation to membrane proteins, such as ion channels. Calcium ion (Ca2+) signalling is crucial for the normal functioning of cells and is also involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying relevant neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Intracellular Ca2+ levels are tightly regulated; at rest, most Ca2+ is retained in organelles, such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum, or in the extracellular space, whereas depolarization triggers a series of events leading to Ca2+ entry, followed by extrusion and reuptake. The mechanisms that maintain Ca2+ homoeostasis are candidates for modulation at the post-translational level. Here, we review the effects of protein SUMOylation, including Ca2+ channels, their proteome and other proteins associated with Ca2+ signalling, on vital cellular functions, such as neurotransmission within the central nervous system (CNS) and in additional systems, most prominently here, in the cardiac system.
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26
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Yoo DY, Kim DW, Kwon HJ, Jung HY, Nam SM, Kim JW, Chung JY, Won MH, Yoon YS, Choi SY, Hwang IK. Chronic administration of SUMO‑1 has negative effects on novel object recognition memory as well as cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3427-3432. [PMID: 28713906 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Post‑translational modifications have been associated with developmental and aging processes, as well as in the pathogenesis of certain diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of small ubiquitin‑like modifier 1 (SUMO‑1) on hippocampal dependent memory function, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. To facilitate the delivery of SUMO‑1 into hippocampal neurons, a transactivator of transcription (Tat)‑SUMO‑1 fusion protein was constructed and mice were divided into two groups: A vehicle (Tat peptide)‑treated group and a Tat‑SUMO‑1‑treated group. The vehicle or Tat‑SUMO‑1 was administered intraperitoneally to 7‑week‑old mice once daily for 3 weeks, and a novel object recognition test was conducted following the final treatment; the animals were sacrificed 2 h following the test for further analysis. Administration of Tat‑SUMO‑1 significantly decreased exploration of a new object in a novel object recognition test compared with mice in the vehicle‑treated group. In addition, cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation analyses (based on Ki67 and doublecortin immunohistochemistry, respectively) revealed that the administration of Tat‑SUMO‑1 significantly reduced cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus. These results suggested that chronic supplementation of Tat‑SUMO‑1 affects hippocampal functions by decreasing cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangneung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangneung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Chung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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27
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Neprilysin facilitates adipogenesis through potentiation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 430:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Estrogen Modulates ubc9 Expression and Synaptic Redistribution in the Brain of APP/PS1 Mice and Cortical Neurons. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:436-448. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Anderson DB, Zanella CA, Henley JM, Cimarosti H. Sumoylation: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:261-281. [PMID: 28197918 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The covalent posttranslational modifications of proteins are critical events in signaling cascades that enable cells to efficiently, rapidly and reversibly respond to extracellular stimuli. This is especially important in the CNS where the processes affecting synaptic communication between neurons are highly complex and very tightly regulated. Sumoylation regulates the function and fate of a diverse array of proteins and participates in the complex cell signaling pathways required for cell survival. One of the most complex signaling pathways is synaptic transmission.Correct synaptic function is critical to the working of the brain and its alteration through synaptic plasticity mediates learning, mental disorders and stroke. The investigation of neuronal sumoylation is a new and exciting field and the functional and pathophysiological implications are far-reaching. Sumoylation has already been implicated in a diverse array of neurological disorders. Here we provide an overview of current literature highlighting recent insights into the role of sumoylation in neurodegeneration. In addition we present a brief assessment of drug discovery in the analogous ubiquitin system and extrapolate on the potential for development of novel therapies that might target SUMO-associated mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B Anderson
- Ipsen Bioinnovation Ltd, Units 4-10 The Quadrant, Barton Lane, Abingdon, OX14 3YS, UK
| | - Camila A Zanella
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitario - Trindade, Florianopolis, CEP, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Jeremy M Henley
- MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Helena Cimarosti
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitario - Trindade, Florianopolis, CEP, 88040-900, Brazil.
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30
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Wang J, Qu S, Wang W, Guo L, Zhang K, Chang S, Wang J. A combined analysis of genome-wide expression profiling of bipolar disorder in human prefrontal cortex. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 82:23-9. [PMID: 27459029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Numbers of gene expression profiling studies of bipolar disorder have been published. Besides different array chips and tissues, variety of the data processes in different cohorts aggravated the inconsistency of results of these genome-wide gene expression profiling studies. By searching the gene expression databases, we obtained six data sets for prefrontal cortex (PFC) of bipolar disorder with raw data and combinable platforms. We used standardized pre-processing and quality control procedures to analyze each data set separately and then combined them into a large gene expression matrix with 101 bipolar disorder subjects and 106 controls. A standard linear mixed-effects model was used to calculate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Multiple levels of sensitivity analyses and cross validation with genetic data were conducted. Functional and network analyses were carried out on basis of the DEGs. In the result, we identified 198 unique differentially expressed genes in the PFC of bipolar disorder and control. Among them, 115 DEGs were robust to at least three leave-one-out tests or different pre-processing methods; 51 DEGs were validated with genetic association signals. Pathway enrichment analysis showed these DEGs were related with regulation of neurological system, cell death and apoptosis, and several basic binding processes. Protein-protein interaction network further identified one key hub gene. We have contributed the most comprehensive integrated analysis of bipolar disorder expression profiling studies in PFC to date. The DEGs, especially those with multiple validations, may denote a common signature of bipolar disorder and contribute to the pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Susu Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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31
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Readhead B, Haure-Mirande JV, Zhang B, Haroutunian V, Gandy S, Schadt EE, Dudley JT, Ehrlich ME. Molecular systems evaluation of oligomerogenic APP(E693Q) and fibrillogenic APP(KM670/671NL)/PSEN1(Δexon9) mouse models identifies shared features with human Alzheimer's brain molecular pathology. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1099-111. [PMID: 26552589 PMCID: PMC4862938 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Identification and characterization of molecular mechanisms that connect genetic risk factors to initiation and evolution of disease pathophysiology represent major goals and opportunities for improving therapeutic and diagnostic outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Integrative genomic analysis of the human AD brain transcriptome holds potential for revealing novel mechanisms of dysfunction that underlie the onset and/or progression of the disease. We performed an integrative genomic analysis of brain tissue-derived transcriptomes measured from two lines of mice expressing distinct mutant AD-related proteins. The first line expresses oligomerogenic mutant APP(E693Q) inside neurons, leading to the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers and behavioral impairment, but never develops parenchymal fibrillar amyloid deposits. The second line expresses APP(KM670/671NL)/PSEN1(Δexon9) in neurons and accumulates fibrillar Aβ amyloid and amyloid plaques accompanied by neuritic dystrophy and behavioral impairment. We performed RNA sequencing analyses of the dentate gyrus and entorhinal cortex from each line and from wild-type mice. We then performed an integrative genomic analysis to identify dysregulated molecules and pathways, comparing transgenic mice with wild-type controls as well as to each other. We also compared these results with datasets derived from human AD brain. Differential gene and exon expression analysis revealed pervasive alterations in APP/Aβ metabolism, epigenetic control of neurogenesis, cytoskeletal organization and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation. Comparative molecular analysis converged on FMR1 (Fragile X Mental Retardation 1), an important negative regulator of APP translation and oligomerogenesis in the post-synaptic space. Integration of these transcriptomic results with human postmortem AD gene networks, differential expression and differential splicing signatures identified significant similarities in pathway dysregulation, including ECM regulation and neurogenesis, as well as strong overlap with AD-associated co-expression network structures. The strong overlap in molecular systems features supports the relevance of these findings from the AD mouse models to human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Readhead
- Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J-V Haure-Mirande
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - V Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cognitive Health and NFL Neurological Care, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - E E Schadt
- Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J T Dudley
- Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M E Ehrlich
- Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomic Sciences and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Liebelt F, Vertegaal ACO. Ubiquitin-dependent and independent roles of SUMO in proteostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C284-96. [PMID: 27335169 PMCID: PMC5129774 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00091.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellular proteomes are continuously undergoing alterations as a result of new production of proteins, protein folding, and degradation of proteins. The proper equilibrium of these processes is known as proteostasis, implying that proteomes are in homeostasis. Stress conditions can affect proteostasis due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins as a result of overloading the degradation machinery. Proteostasis is affected in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple polyglutamine disorders including Huntington's disease. Owing to a lack of proteostasis, neuronal cells build up toxic protein aggregates in these diseases. Here, we review the role of the ubiquitin-like posttranslational modification SUMO in proteostasis. SUMO alone contributes to protein homeostasis by influencing protein signaling or solubility. However, the main contribution of SUMO to proteostasis is the ability to cooperate with, complement, and balance the ubiquitin-proteasome system at multiple levels. We discuss the identification of enzymes involved in the interplay between SUMO and ubiquitin, exploring the complexity of this crosstalk which regulates proteostasis. These enzymes include SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases and ubiquitin proteases counteracting these ligases. Additionally, we review the role of SUMO in brain-related diseases, where SUMO is primarily investigated because of its role during formation of aggregates, either independently or in cooperation with ubiquitin. Detailed understanding of the role of SUMO in these diseases could lead to novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Liebelt
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Schorova L, Martin S. Sumoylation in Synaptic Function and Dysfunction. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:9. [PMID: 27199730 PMCID: PMC4848311 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation has recently emerged as a key post-translational modification involved in many, if not all, biological processes. Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) polypeptides are covalently attached to specific lysine residues of target proteins through a dedicated enzymatic pathway. Disruption of the SUMO enzymatic pathway in the developing brain leads to lethality indicating that this process exerts a central role during embryonic and post-natal development. However, little is still known regarding how this highly dynamic protein modification is regulated in the mammalian brain despite an increasing number of data implicating sumoylated substrates in synapse formation, synaptic communication and plasticity. The aim of this review is therefore to briefly describe the enzymatic SUMO pathway and to give an overview of our current knowledge on the function and dysfunction of protein sumoylation at the mammalian synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Schorova
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR7275), University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Laboratory of Excellence "Network for Innovation on Signal Transduction, Pathways in Life Sciences" Valbonne, France
| | - Stéphane Martin
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR7275), University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Laboratory of Excellence "Network for Innovation on Signal Transduction, Pathways in Life Sciences" Valbonne, France
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Sung HY, Choi BO, Jeong JH, Kong KA, Hwang J, Ahn JH. Amyloid Beta-Mediated Hypomethylation of Heme Oxygenase 1 Correlates with Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153156. [PMID: 27058954 PMCID: PMC4825942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify epigenetically regulated genes involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) we analyzed global mRNA expression and methylation profiles in amyloid precursor protein (APP)-Swedish mutant-expressing AD model cells, H4-sw and selected heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), which is associated with pathological features of AD such as neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. We examined the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of HMOX1 and its application as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for AD. Our results show that HMOX1 mRNA and protein expression was approximately 12.2-fold and 7.9-fold increased in H4-sw cells, respectively. Increased HMOX1 expression was also detected in the brain, particularly the hippocampus, of AD model transgenic mice. However, the methylation of specific CpG sites within its promoter, particularly at CpG located −374 was significantly decreased in H4-sw cells. Treatment of neuroglioma cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine resulted in reduced methylation of HMOX1 promoter accompanied by enhanced HMOX1 expression strongly supporting DNA methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation of HMOX1. Toxic Aβ-induced aberrant hypomethylation of HMOX1 at −374 promoter CpG site was correlated with increased HMOX1expression. In addition to neuroglioma cells, we also found Aβ-induced epigenetic regulation of HMOX1 in human T lymphocyte Jurkat cells. We evaluated DNA methylation status of HMOX1 at −374 promoter CpG site in blood samples from AD patients, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and control individuals using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. We observed lower methylation of HMOX1 at the −374 promoter CpG site in AD patients compared to MCI and control individuals, and a correlation between Mini-Mental State Examination score and demethylation level. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed good discrimination of AD patients from MCI patients and control individuals. Our findings suggest that the methylation status of HMOX1 at a specific promoter CpG site is related to AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Youn Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ae Kong
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinha Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyuck Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Chen RF, Zhang T, Sun YY, Sun YM, Chen WQ, Shi N, Shen F, Zhang Y, Liu KY, Sun XJ. Oxygen-glucose deprivation regulates BACE1 expression through induction of autophagy in Neuro-2a/APP695 cells. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1433-40. [PMID: 26604904 PMCID: PMC4625509 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.165511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous findings have demonstrated that autophagy regulation can alleviate the decline of learning and memory by eliminating deposition of extracellular beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain after stroke, but the exact mechanism is unclear. It is presumed that the regulation of beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), the rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of Aβ, would be a key site. Neuro-2a/amyloid precursor protein 695 (APP695) cell models of cerebral ischemia were established by oxygen-glucose deprivation to investigate the effects of Rapamycin (an autophagy inducer) or 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) on the expression of BACE1. Either oxygen-glucose deprivation or Rapamycin down-regulated the expression of BACE1 while 3-methyladenine up-regulated BACE1 expression. These results confirm that oxygen-glucose deprivation down-regulates BACE1 expression in Neuro-2a/APP695 cells through the introduction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Yi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Meng Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ; Zhoupu Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Cho SJ, Yun SM, Jo C, Lee DH, Choi KJ, Song JC, Park SI, Kim YJ, Koh YH. SUMO1 promotes Aβ production via the modulation of autophagy. Autophagy 2015; 11:100-12. [PMID: 25484073 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.984283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the main mechanisms in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease. The accumulation of autophagic vacuoles (AVs) in affected neurons is responsible for amyloid-β (Aβ) production. Previously, we reported that SUMO1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier 1) increases Aβ levels. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying this. We investigated whether AV formation is necessary for Aβ production by SUMO1. Overexpression of SUMO1 increased autophagic activation, inducing the formation of LC3-II-positive AVs in neuroglioma H4 cells. Consistently, autophagic activation was decreased by the depletion of SUMO1 with small hairpin RNA (shRNA) in H4 cells. The SUMO1-mediated increase in Aβ was reduced by the autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine or wortmannin) or genetic inhibitors (siRNA targeting ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, or HIF1A), respectively. Accumulation of SUMO1, ATG12, and LC3 was seen in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. Our results suggest that SUMO1 accelerates the accumulation of AVs and promotes Aβ production, which is a key mechanism for understanding the AV-mediated pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer disease
- ATG, autophagy-related
- ATG12
- AV, autophagic vacuole
- Alzheimer disease
- Aβ, amyloid-β
- LC3
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MDC, monodansylcadaverine
- SUMO1
- SUMO1, small ubiquitin-like modifier 1
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy, Tg, transgenic
- amyloid
- autophagy
- shRNA, small hairpin RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jung Cho
- a Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences; Center for Infectious Diseases; Korea National Institute of Health; Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu , Cheongju-si , Chungcheongbuk-do , Republic of Korea
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Hoppe J, Salbego CG, Cimarosti H. SUMOylation: Novel Neuroprotective Approach for Alzheimer's Disease? Aging Dis 2015; 6:322-30. [PMID: 26425387 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized in the brain by the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ)-containing plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing the microtubule-associated protein tau. Neuroinflammation is another feature of AD and astrocytes are receiving increasing attention as key contributors. Although some progress has been made, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of AD remain unclear. Interestingly, some of the main proteins involved in AD, including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau, have recently been shown to be SUMOylated. The post-translational modification by SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) has been shown to regulate APP and tau and may modulate other proteins implicated in AD. Here we present an overview of recent studies suggesting that protein SUMOylation might be involved in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of AD and discuss how this could be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christianne G Salbego
- 1 Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Cell Signaling, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena Cimarosti
- 2 Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK
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Cho SJ, Yun SM, Lee DH, Jo C, Ho Park M, Han C, Ho Koh Y. Plasma SUMO1 Protein is Elevated in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 47:639-43. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Jung Cho
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moon Yun
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-hoon Lee
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulman Jo
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Ho Park
- Departments of Neurology, Korea University Medical College, Ansan Hospital, Danwon-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Departments of Psychiatry, Korea University Medical College, Ansan Hospital, Danwon-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Martins WC, Tasca CI, Cimarosti H. Battling Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting SUMOylation-Mediated Pathways. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:568-78. [PMID: 26227998 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) conjugation is a critically important control process in all eukaryotic cells, because it acts as a biochemical switch and regulates the function of hundreds of proteins in many different pathways. Although the diverse functional consequences and molecular targets of SUMOylation remain largely unknown, SUMOylation is becoming increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apart from the central SUMO-modified disease-associated proteins, such as amyloid precursor protein, amyloid β, and tau, SUMOylation also regulates several other processes underlying AD. These are involved in inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics, synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as in protective responses to cell stress. Herein, we review current reports on the involvement of SUMOylation in AD, and present an overview of potential SUMO targets and pathways underlying AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Carbolin Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Inês Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Helena Cimarosti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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40
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Henley JM, Craig TJ, Wilkinson KA. Neuronal SUMOylation: mechanisms, physiology, and roles in neuronal dysfunction. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1249-85. [PMID: 25287864 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation is a critically important posttranslational protein modification that participates in nearly all aspects of cellular physiology. In the nearly 20 years since its discovery, SUMOylation has emerged as a major regulator of nuclear function, and more recently, it has become clear that SUMOylation has key roles in the regulation of protein trafficking and function outside of the nucleus. In neurons, SUMOylation participates in cellular processes ranging from neuronal differentiation and control of synapse formation to regulation of synaptic transmission and cell survival. It is a highly dynamic and usually transient modification that enhances or hinders interactions between proteins, and its consequences are extremely diverse. Hundreds of different proteins are SUMO substrates, and dysfunction of protein SUMOylation is implicated in a many different diseases. Here we briefly outline core aspects of the SUMO system and provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the roles of SUMOylation in healthy and diseased neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Henley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J Craig
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Kim S, Lee D, Song JC, Cho SJ, Yun SM, Koh YH, Song J, Johnson GVW, Jo C. NDP52 associates with phosphorylated tau in brains of an Alzheimer disease mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:196-201. [PMID: 25450380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that NDP52 (also known as calcoco2) plays a role as an autophagic receptor for phosphorylated tau facilitating its clearance via autophagy. Here, we examined the expression and association of NDP52 with autophagy-regulated gene (ATG) proteins including LC3, as well as phosphorylated tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ) in brains of an AD mouse model. NDP52 was expressed not only in neurons, but also in microglia and astrocytes. NDP52 co-localized with ATGs and phosphorylated tau as expected since it functions as an autophagy receptor for phosphorylated tau in brain. Compared to wild-type mice, the number of autophagic vesicles (AVs) containing NDP52 in both cortex and hippocampal regions was significantly greater in AD model mice. Moreover, the protein levels of NDP52 and phosphorylated tau together with LC3-II were also significantly increased in AD model mice, reflecting autophagy impairment in the AD mouse model. By contrast, a significant change in p62/SQSTM1 level was not observed in this AD mouse model. NDP52 was also associated with intracellular Aβ, but not with the extracellular Aβ of amyloid plaques. We conclude that NDP52 is a key autophagy receptor for phosphorylated tau in brain. Further our data provide clear evidence for autophagy impairment in brains of AD mouse model, and thus strategies that result in enhancement of autophagic flux in AD are likely to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyo Kim
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Chun Song
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jung Cho
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moon Yun
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Song
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Gail V W Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chulman Jo
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2(i)-ro, Osong-eup, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 363-951, Republic of Korea.
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Sung HY, Choi EN, Lyu D, Mook-Jung I, Ahn JH. Amyloid beta-mediated epigenetic alteration of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 controls cell survival in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99047. [PMID: 24964199 PMCID: PMC4070895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Swedish double mutation (KM670/671NL) of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is reported to increase toxic amyloid β (Aβ) production via aberrant cleavage at the β-secretase site and thereby cause early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to AD pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Previously, our transcriptome sequence analyses revealed global expressional modifications of over 600 genes in APP-Swedish mutant-expressing H4 (H4-sw) cells compared to wild type H4 cells. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) is one gene that showed significantly decreased mRNA expression in H4-sw cells. In this study, we investigated the functional role of IGFBP3 in AD pathogenesis and elucidated the mechanisms regulating its expression. We observed decreased IGFBP3 expression in the H4-sw cell line as well as the hippocampus of AD model transgenic mice. Treatment with exogenous IGFBP3 protein inhibited Aβ1–42- induced cell death and caspase-3 activity, whereas siRNA-mediated suppression of IGFBP3 expression induced cell death and caspase-3 cleavage. In primary hippocampal neurons, administration of IGFBP3 protein blocked apoptotic cell death due to Aβ1–42 toxicity. These data implicate a protective role for IGFBP3 against Aβ1–42-mediated apoptosis. Next, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of IGFBP3 expression in AD pathogenesis. We observed abnormal IGFBP3 hypermethylation within the promoter CpG island in H4-sw cells. Treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine restored IGFBP3 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Chronic exposure to Aβ1–42 induced IGFBP3 hypermethylation at CpGs, particularly at loci −164 and −173, and subsequently suppressed IGFBP3 expression. Therefore, we demonstrate that expression of anti-apoptotic IGFBP3 is regulated by epigenetic DNA methylation, suggesting a mechanism that contributes to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Youn Sung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Nam Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyuck Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Nisticò R, Ferraina C, Marconi V, Blandini F, Negri L, Egebjerg J, Feligioni M. Age-related changes of protein SUMOylation balance in the AβPP Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:63. [PMID: 24778618 PMCID: PMC3985012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder that affects the central nervous system causing a severe neurodegeneration. This pathology affects an increasing number of people worldwide due to the overall aging of the human population. In recent years SUMO protein modification has emerged as a possible cellular mechanism involved in AD. Some of the proteins engaged in the physiopathological process of AD, like BACE1, GSK3-β tau, AβPP, and JNK, are in fact subject to protein SUMO modifications or interactions. Here, we have investigated the SUMO/deSUMOylation balance and SUMO-related proteins during the onset and progression of the pathology in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. We examined four age-stages (1.5, 3, 6, 17 months old) and observed shows an increase in SUMO-1 protein conjugation at 3 and 6 months in transgenic mice with respect to WT in both cortex and hippocampus. Interestingly this is paralleled by increased expression levels of Ubc9 and SENP1 in both brain regions. At 6 months of age also the SUMO-1 mRNA resulted augmented. SUMO-2-ylation was surprisingly decreased in old transgenic mice and was unaltered in the other time windows. The fact that alterations in SUMO/deSUMOylation equilibrium occur from the early phases of AD suggests that global posttranslational modifications may play an important role in the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis, thus providing potential targets for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nisticò
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferraina
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Marconi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Negri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Jan Egebjerg
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery DK H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation Rome, Italy
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Durairajan SSK, Huang YY, Yuen PY, Chen LL, Kwok KY, Liu LF, Song JX, Han QB, Xue L, K. Chung S, Huang JD, Baum L, Senapati S, Li M. Effects of Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang and its modified formula on the modulation of amyloid-β precursor protein processing in Alzheimer's disease models. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92954. [PMID: 24671102 PMCID: PMC3966845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Huanglian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) is a famous traditional Chinese herbal formula that has been widely used clinically to treat cerebral ischemia. Recently, we found that berberine, a major alkaloid compound in HLJDT, reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model. In this study, we compared the effects of HLJDT, four single component herbs of HLJDT (Rhizoma coptidis (RC), Radix scutellariae (RS), Cortex phellodendri (CP) and Fructus gardenia (FG)) and the modified formula of HLJDT (HLJDT-M, which is free of RS) on the regulatory processing of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) in an in vitro model of AD. Here we show that treatment with HLJDT-M and its components RC, CP, and the main compound berberine on N2a mouse neuroblastoma cells stably expressing human APP with the Swedish mutation (N2a-SwedAPP) significantly decreased the levels of full-length APP, phosphorylated APP at threonine 668, C-terminal fragments of APP, soluble APP (sAPP)-α and sAPPβ-Swedish and reduced the generation of Aβ peptide in the cell lysates of N2a-SwedAPP. HLJDT-M showed more significant APP- and Aβ- reducing effects than berberine, RC or CP treatment alone. In contrast, HLJDT, its component RS and the main active compound of RS, baicalein, strongly increased the levels of all the metabolic products of APP in the cell lysates. The extract from FG, however, did not influence APP modulation. Interestingly, regular treatment of TgCRND8 APP transgenic mice with baicalein exacerbated the amyloid plaque burden, APP metabolism and Aβ production. Taken together, these data provide convincing evidence that HLJDT and baicalein treatment can increase the amyloidogenic metabolism of APP which is at least partly responsible for the baicalein-mediated Aβ plaque increase in the brains of TgCRND8 mice. On the other hand, HLJDT-M significantly decreased all the APP metabolic products including Aβ. Further study of HLJDT-M for therapeutic use in treating AD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (SSKD); (ML)
| | - Ying-Yu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Pui-Yee Yuen
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Lei-Lei Chen
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Yan Kwok
- Natural Products Chemistry & Analysis Laboratory, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Liang-Feng Liu
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- Natural Products Chemistry & Analysis Laboratory, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sookja K. Chung
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Larry Baum
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Min Li
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (SSKD); (ML)
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Feligioni M, Nisticò R. SUMO: a (oxidative) stressed protein. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:707-19. [PMID: 24052421 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox species are produced during the physiological cellular metabolism of a normal tissue. In turn, their presence is also attributed to pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Many are the molecular changes that occur during the unbalance of the redox homeostasis. Interestingly, posttranslational protein modifications (PTMs) play a remarkable role. In fact, several target proteins are modified in their activation, localization, aggregation, and expression after the cellular stress. Among PTMs, protein SUMOylation represents a very important molecular modification pathway during "oxidative stress". It has been reported that this ubiquitin-like modification is a fine sensor for redox species. Indeed, SUMOylation pathway efficiency is affected by the exposure to oxidative species in a different manner depending on the concentration and time of application. Thus, we here report updated evidence that states the role of SUMOylation in several pathological conditions, and we also outline the key involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and small ubiquitin modifier pathway cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64/65, 00143, Rome, Italy,
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Histopathologically, AD features insoluble aggregates of two proteins in the brain, amyloid-β (Aβ) and the microtubule-associated protein tau, both of which have been linked to the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). A large body of research has elucidated many of the molecular and cellular pathways that underlie AD, including those involving the abnormal Aβ and tau aggregates. However, a full understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease has remained elusive. Consequently, there are currently no effective therapeutic options that can modify the disease progression and slow or stop the decline of cognitive functioning. As part of the effort to address this lacking, there needs a better understanding of the signaling pathways that become impaired under AD pathology, including the regulatory mechanisms that normally control those networks. One such mechanism involves SUMOylation, which is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is involved in regulating many aspects of cell biology and has also been found to have several critical neuron-specific roles. Early studies have indicated that the SUMO system is likely altered with AD-type pathology, which may impact Aβ levels and tau aggregation. Although still a relatively unexplored topic, SUMOylation will likely emerge as a significant factor in AD pathogenesis in ways which may be somewhat analogous to other regulatory PTMs such as phosphorylation. Thus, in addition to the upstream effects on tau and Aβ processing, there may also be downstream effects mediated by Aβ aggregates or other AD-related factors on SUMO-regulated signaling pathways. Multiple proteins that have functions relevant to AD pathology have been identified as SUMO substrates, including those involved in synaptic physiology, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflammatory signaling. Ongoing studies will determine how these SUMO-regulated functions in neurons and glial cells may be impacted by Aβ and AD pathology. Here, we present a review of the current literature on the involvement of SUMO in AD, as well as an overview of the SUMOylated proteins and pathways that are potentially dysregulated with AD pathogenesis.
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