1
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Komninou MA, Egli S, Rossi A, Ernst J, Krauthammer M, Schuepbach RA, Delgado M, Bartussek J. Former smoking, but not active smoking, is associated with delirium in postoperative ICU patients: a matched case-control study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1347071. [PMID: 38559401 PMCID: PMC10979642 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1347071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the relationship between current and former smoking and the occurrence of delirium in surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Methods We conducted a single center, case-control study involving 244 delirious and 251 non-delirious patients that were admitted to our ICU between 2018 and 2022. Using propensity score analysis, we obtained 115 pairs of delirious and non-delirious patients matched for age and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II). Both groups of patients were further stratified into non-smokers, active smokers and former smokers, and logistic regression was performed to further investigate potential confounders. Results Our study revealed a significant association between former smoking and the incidence of delirium in ICU patients, both in unmatched (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-2.83) and matched cohorts (OR: 3.0, CI: 1.53-5.89). Active smoking did not demonstrate a significant difference in delirium incidence compared to non-smokers (unmatched OR = 0.98, CI: 0.62-1.53, matched OR = 1.05, CI: 0.55-2.0). Logistic regression analysis of the matched group confirmed former smoking as an independent risk factor for delirium, irrespective of other variables like surgical history (p = 0.010). Notably, also respiratory and vascular surgeries were associated with increased odds of delirium (respiratory: OR: 4.13, CI: 1.73-9.83; vascular: OR: 2.18, CI: 1.03-4.59). Medication analysis showed that while Ketamine and Midazolam usage did not significantly correlate with delirium, Morphine use was linked to a decreased likelihood (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13-0.55). Discussion Nicotine's complex neuropharmacological impact on the brain is still not fully understood, especially its short-term and long-term implications for critically ill patients. Although our retrospective study cannot establish causality, our findings suggest that smoking may induce structural changes in the brain, potentially heightening the risk of postoperative delirium. Intriguingly, this effect seems to be obscured in active smokers, potentially due to the recognized neuroprotective properties of nicotine. Our results motivate future prospective studies, the results of which hold the potential to substantially impact risk assessment procedures for surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angeliki Komninou
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Egli
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurelio Rossi
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Ernst
- Center of Clinical Nursing Sciences, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Krauthammer
- Department for Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto A. Schuepbach
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcos Delgado
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Tiefenau Hospital, Insel Group. University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Bartussek
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich & University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department for Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Diasso PDK, Abou-Kassem D, Nielsen SD, Main KM, Sjøgren P, Kurita GP. Long-term opioid treatment and endocrine measures in chronic non-cancer pain patients. Eur J Pain 2023; 27:940-951. [PMID: 37243401 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) has increased dramatically the past decades, which combined with indiscriminate use of prescribed opioids has become a public health problem. Endocrine dysfunction may be a complication of long-term opioid treatment (L-TOT), but the evidence is limited. This study aimed at investigating the associations between L-TOT and endocrine measures in CNCP patients. METHODS Cortisol (spot and after stimulation), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxin (T4), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), prolactin (PRL), 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (fT) were measured. Group comparisons were done between CNCP patients in L-TOT and controls as well as between patients on high- or low-dose morphine equivalents. RESULTS Eighty-two CNCP patients (38 in L-TOT and 44 controls not receiving opioids) were included. Low TT (p = 0.004) and fT concentrations (p < 0.001), high SHBG (p = 0.042), low DEAS (p = 0.017) and low IGF-1 (p = 0.003) in men were found when comparing those in L-TOT to controls and high PRL (p = 0.018), low IGF-1 standard deviation score (SDS) (p = 0.006) along with a lesser, but normal cortisol response to stimulation (p = 0.016; p = 0.012) were found when comparing L-TOT to controls. Finally, a correlation between low IGF-1 levels and high opioid dose was observed (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study not only supports previous findings but even more interestingly disclosed new associations. We recommend future studies to investigate endocrine effects of opioids in larger, longitudinal studies. In the meanwhile, we recommend monitoring endocrine function in CNCP patients when prescribing L-TOT. SIGNIFICANCE This clinical study found associations between L-TOT, androgens, growth hormone and prolactin in patients with CNCP compared to controls. The results support previous studies as well as add new knowledge to the field, including an association between high opioid dose and low growth hormone levels. Compared to existing research this study has strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, a fixed time period for blood sample collection, and adjustments for potential confounders, which has not been done before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille D K Diasso
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dalia Abou-Kassem
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne D Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Sjøgren
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geana P Kurita
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Maher EE, Strzelecki AM, Weafer JJ, Gipson CD. The importance of translationally evaluating steroid hormone contributions to substance use. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 69:101059. [PMID: 36758769 PMCID: PMC10182261 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, women appear to be more susceptible to certain aspects of substance use disorders (SUDs). The steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (Pg) have been linked to women-specific drug behaviors. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies investigating how cycling ovarian hormones affect nicotine-, cocaine-, and opioid-related behaviors. We also highlight gaps in the literature regarding how synthetic steroid hormone use may influence drug-related behaviors. In addition, we explore how E2 and Pg are known to interact in brain reward pathways and provide evidence of how these interactions may influence drug-related behaviors. The synthesis of this review demonstrates the critical need to study women-specific factors that may influence aspects of SUDs, which may play important roles in addiction processes in a sex-specific fashion. It is important to understand factors that impact women's health and may be key to moving the field forward toward more efficacious and individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ashley M Strzelecki
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jessica J Weafer
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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4
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Yang J, Ding H, Shuai B, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Mechanism and effects of STING-IFN-I pathway on nociception: A narrative review. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1081288. [PMID: 36683857 PMCID: PMC9846240 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1081288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of STING in 2008, numerous studies have investigated its functions in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. STING activates downstream molecules including IFN-I, NLRP3, and NF-κB. The STING-IFN-I pathway plays a vital role in nociception. After receiving the upstream signal, STING is activated and induces the expression of IFN-I, and after paracrine and autocrine signaling, IFN-I binds to IFN receptors. Subsequently, the activity of ion channels is inhibited by TYK2, which induces an acute antinociceptive effect. JAK activates PIK3 and MAPK-MNK-eIF4E pathways, which sensitize nociceptors in the peripheral nervous system. In the mid-late stage, the STING-IFN-I pathway activates STAT, increases pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibits ER-phagy, and promotes microglial M1-polarization in the central nervous system, leading to central sensitization. Thus, the STING-IFN-I pathway may exert complex effects on nociception at various stages, and these effects require further comprehensive elucidation. Therefore, in this review, we systematically summarized the mechanisms of the STING-IFN-I pathway and discussed its function in nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pain, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Yan Zhang,
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Chen L, Gong W, Han Z, Zhou W, Yang S, Li C. Key Residues in δ Opioid Receptor Allostery Explored by the Elastic Network Model and the Complex Network Model Combined with the Perturbation Method. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6727-6738. [PMID: 36073904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptors, a kind of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mainly mediate an analgesic response via allosterically transducing the signal of endogenous ligand binding in the extracellular domain to couple to effector proteins in the intracellular domain. The δ opioid receptor (DOP) is associated with emotional control besides pain control, which makes it an attractive therapeutic target. However, its allosteric mechanism and key residues responsible for the structural stability and signal communication are not completely clear. Here we utilize the Gaussian network model (GNM) and amino acid network (AAN) combined with perturbation methods to explore the issues. The constructed fcfGNMMD, where the force constants are optimized with the inverse covariance estimation based on the correlated fluctuations from the available DOP molecular dynamics (MD) ensemble, shows a better performance than traditional GNM in reproducing residue fluctuations and cross-correlations and in capturing functionally low-frequency modes. Additionally, fcfGNMMD can consider implicitly the environmental effects to some extent. The lowest mode can well divide DOP segments and identify the two sodium ion (important allosteric regulator) binding coordination shells, and from the fastest modes, the key residues important for structure stabilization are identified. Using fcfGNMMD combined with a dynamic perturbation-response method, we explore the key residues related to the sodium ion binding. Interestingly, we identify not only the key residues in sodium ion binding shells but also the ones far away from the perturbation sites, which are involved in binding with DOP ligands, suggesting the possible long-range allosteric modulation of sodium binding for the ligand binding to DOP. Furthermore, utilizing the weighted AAN combined with attack perturbations, we identify the key residues for allosteric communication. This work helps strengthen the understanding of the allosteric communication mechanism in δ opioid receptor and can provide valuable information for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Weikang Gong
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhongjie Han
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wenxue Zhou
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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6
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Borowiecki P. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Optically Active Ethereal Analog of iso-Moramide-A Novel Potentially Powerful Analgesic †. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911803. [PMID: 36233106 PMCID: PMC9569485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop potent and safer analgesics, we designed and synthesized a novel enantiomerically enriched ethereal analog of (R)-iso-moramide, namely 2-[(2R)-2-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-2,2-diphenyl-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethan-1-one. The titled active agent can potentially serve as a powerful synthetic opiate with an improved affinity and selectivity toward opioid receptors (ORs). This hypothesis was postulated based on docking studies regarding the respective complexes between the designed ligand and µ-OR, δ-OR, and κ-OR. The key step of the elaborated asymmetric synthesis of novel analog involves lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic 1-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-2-ol, which was accomplished on a 10 g scale via an enantioselective transesterification employing vinyl acetate as an irreversible acyl donor in tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) as the co-solvent. Next, the obtained homochiral (S)-(+)-morpholino-alcohol (>99% ee) was functionalized into corresponding chloro-derivative using thionyl chloride (SOCl2) or the Appel reaction conditions. Further transformation with N-diphenylacetyl-1-pyrrolidine under phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions using O2-saturated DMSO/NaOH mixture as an oxidant furnished the desired levorotatory isomer of the title product isolated in 26% total yield after three steps, and with 89% ee. The absolute configuration of the key-intermediate of (R)-(−)-iso-moramide was determined using a modified form of Mosher’s methodology. The preparation of the optically active dextrorotatory isomer of the titled product (87% ee) was carried out essentially by the same route, utilizing (R)-(−)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)propan-2-ol (98% ee) as a key intermediate. The spectroscopic characterization of the ethereal analog of iso-moramide and the enantioselective retention relationship of its enantiomers using HPLC on the cellulose-based chiral stationary phase were performed. Moreover, as a proof-of-principle, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the synthesized 2-[(2R)-2-(morpholin-4-yl)propoxy]-2,2-diphenyl-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethan-1-one is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa St. 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Pagare PP, Li M, Zheng Y, Kulkarni AS, Obeng S, Huang B, Ruiz C, Gillespie JC, Mendez RE, Stevens DL, Poklis JL, Halquist MS, Dewey WL, Selley DE, Zhang Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of NAP Isosteres: A Switch from Peripheral to Central Nervous System Acting Mu-Opioid Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5095-5112. [PMID: 35255685 PMCID: PMC10149103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The μ opioid receptor (MOR) has been an intrinsic target to develop treatment of opioid use disorders (OUD). Herein, we report our efforts on developing centrally acting MOR antagonists by structural modifications of 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4'-pyridyl) carboxamido] morphinan (NAP), a peripherally acting MOR-selective antagonist. An isosteric replacement concept was applied and incorporated with physiochemical property predictions in the molecular design. Three analogs, namely, 25, 26, and 31, were identified as potent MOR antagonists in vivo with significantly fewer withdrawal symptoms than naloxone observed at similar doses. Furthermore, brain and plasma drug distribution studies supported the outcomes of our design strategy on these compounds. Taken together, our isosteric replacement of pyridine with pyrrole, furan, and thiophene provided insights into the structure-activity relationships of NAP and aided the understanding of physicochemical requirements of potential CNS acting opioids. These efforts resulted in potent, centrally efficacious MOR antagonists that may be pursued as leads to treat OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyusha P Pagare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Mengchu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Abhishek S Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Christian Ruiz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - James C Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Rolando E Mendez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - David L Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Matthew S Halquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
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8
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Zhu K, Zhang M, Long J, Zhang S, Luo H. Elucidating the Mechanism of Action of Salvia miltiorrhiza for the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8323661. [PMID: 34868345 PMCID: PMC8635895 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8323661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms by which the active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza can alleviate acute pancreatitis. Initially, the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and the targets collected from the GeneCards database were screened based on the platform of systematic pharmacology analysis of traditional Chinese medicine. Subsequently, the active components were intersected with the disease targets. Also, interactions among the targets were computed using the STRING database. Biological function and pathway enrichment were analyzed using the Cluster Profiler package in the R software. Protein-protein interaction and component target pathway network were constructed using the Cytoscape software. Ultimately, the key targets and their corresponding components in the network were verified using the AutoDock Vina software. The results showed Salvia miltiorrhiza had 111 targets for acute pancreatitis. The biological process (BP) analysis showed that the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza induced a drug response, positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II promoter, signal transduction, positive regulation of cell proliferation, and negative regulation of apoptosis. Furthermore, the KEGG enrichment analysis screened 118 (P < 0.05) signaling pathways, such as the pathways related to cancer, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway, to name a few. Finally, molecular docking showed that the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza had a good binding affinity with their corresponding target proteins. Through network pharmacology, this study predicted the potential pharmacodynamic material basis and the mechanisms by which Salvia miltiorrhiza can treat acute pancreatitis. Moreover, this study provided a scientific basis for mining the pharmacodynamic components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and expanding the scope of its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyao Zhu
- Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jia Long
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuan Jiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huali Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuan Jiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
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9
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Mercer Lindsay N, Chen C, Gilam G, Mackey S, Scherrer G. Brain circuits for pain and its treatment. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabj7360. [PMID: 34757810 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mercer Lindsay
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biology, CNC Program, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gadi Gilam
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sean Mackey
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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10
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Hernández-Alvarado RB, Madariaga-Mazón A, Cosme-Vela F, Marmolejo-Valencia AF, Nefzi A, Martinez-Mayorga K. Encoding mu-opioid receptor biased agonism with interaction fingerprints. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2021; 35:1081-1093. [PMID: 34713377 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-021-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are potent painkillers, however, their therapeutic use requires close medical monitoring to diminish the risk of severe adverse effects. The G-protein biased agonists of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) have shown safer therapeutic profiles than non-biased ligands. In this work, we performed extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of two markedly biased ligands and a balanced reference molecule. From those simulations, we identified a protein-ligand interaction fingerprint that characterizes biased ligands. Then, we built and virtually screened a database containing 68,740 ligands with proven or potential GPCR agonistic activity. Exemplary molecules that fulfill the interacting pattern for biased agonism are showcased, illustrating the usefulness of this work for the search of biased MOR ligands and how this contributes to the understanding of MOR biased signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Cosme-Vela
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Adel Nefzi
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA.,Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
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11
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Feng T, Zeng S, Ding J, Chen G, Wang B, Wang D, Li X, Wang K. Comparative analysis of the effects of opioids in angiogenesis. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:257. [PMID: 34702181 PMCID: PMC8549314 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessel from pre-existing ones, plays an important role in many pathophysiological diseases, such as cancer. Opioids are often used in clinic for the management of chronic pain in cancer patients at terminal phases. Here, we investigated and compared the effects and mechanisms of four opioids on angiogenesis. METHODS We performed angiogenesis assays on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) that represent an in vitro model to assess the toxicity of drugs to endothelium. RESULTS Morphine and oxycodone at 0.1 μM to 100 μM dose-dependently increased endothelial cell tube formation and proliferation. We observed the same in endothelial cells exposed to fentanyl at 0.1 μM to 10 μM but there was a gradual loss of stimulation by fentanyl at 100 μM and 1000 μM. Morphine and fentanyl reduced endothelial cell apoptosis-induced by serum withdrawal whereas oxycodone did not display anti-apoptotic effect, via decreasing Bax level. Oxycodone at the same concentrations was less potent than morphine and fentanyl. Different from other three opioids, codeine at all tested concentrations did not affect endothelial cell tube formation, proliferation and survival. Mechanism studies demonstrated that opioids acted on endothelial cells via μ-opioid receptor-independent pathway. Although we observed the increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in cells exposed to morphine, fentanyl and oxycodone, the rescue studies demonstrated that the stimulatory effects of morphine but not fentanyl nor oxycodone were reversed by a specific MAPK inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrates the differential effects and mechanisms of opioids on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, No 60 Leyuan Road, Baoan Distric of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Si Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Electronic Science and Technology University, 18 Huanhua Road, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, No 60 Leyuan Road, Baoan Distric of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, No 60 Leyuan Road, Baoan Distric of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, No 60 Leyuan Road, Baoan Distric of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Daguo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, No 60 Leyuan Road, Baoan Distric of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueli Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, No 60 Leyuan Road, Baoan Distric of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kunfeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Baoan Central Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, No 60 Leyuan Road, Baoan Distric of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Morphine produces potent antinociception, sedation, and hypothermia in humanized mice expressing human mu-opioid receptor splice variants. Pain 2021; 161:1177-1190. [PMID: 32040076 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is a strong painkiller acting through mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Full-length 7-transmembrane (TM) variants of MOR share similar amino acid sequences of TM domains in rodents and humans; however, interspecies differences in N- and C-terminal amino acid sequences of MOR splice variants dramatically affect the downstream signaling. Thus, it is essential to develop a mouse model that expresses human MOR splice variants for opioid pharmacological studies. We generated 2 lines of fully humanized MOR mice (hMOR; mMOR mice), line #1 and #2. The novel murine model having human OPRM1 genes and human-specific variants was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and the MinION nanopore sequencing. The differences in the regional distribution of MOR between wild-type and humanized MOR mice brains were detected by RNAscope and radioligand binding assay. hMOR; mMOR mice were characterized in vivo using a tail-flick, charcoal meal, open field, tail suspension, naloxone precipitation tests, and rectal temperature measurement. The data indicated that wild-type and humanized MOR mice exhibited different pharmacology of morphine, including antinociception, tolerance, sedation, and withdrawal syndromes, suggesting the presence of species difference between mouse and human MORs. Therefore, hMOR; mMOR mice could serve as a novel mouse model for pharmacogenetic studies of opioids.
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13
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Diasso PDK, Frederiksen BS, Nielsen SD, Main KM, Sjøgren P, Kurita GP. Long-term opioid treatment and endocrine measures in chronic non-cancer pain patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1859-1875. [PMID: 33982828 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Long-term opioid treatment (L-TOT) of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) patients has been suspected to alter the endocrine system. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at investigating the published evidence of L-TOT effects on the endocrine system in adult CNCP patients. DATABASES AND DATA TREATMENT A systematic search of the literature in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the CINAHL was performed. Studies examining measures of endocrine function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, -adrenal, -thyroid, -somatotropic and -prolactin axis in adult CNCP patients in L-TOT (≥4 weeks of use) were included. Outcomes and the level of evidence were analyzed (The Cochrane Collaboration Tool, modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Rating of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group). RESULTS A total of 2,660 studies were identified; 1981 excluded and finally thirteen studies (one randomized controlled trial (RCT), three longitudinal- and nine cross-sectional studies) were analyzed. L-TOT was associated with low insulin, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in both men and women with CNCP compared to different control groups (CNCP or healthy pain-free). No other significant differences were reported. The studies had a high risk of bias and the overall quality of evidence was low. CONCLUSION There seems to be an impact of L-TOT in CNCP patients on several components of the endocrine system, but the level of evidence is weak. Given the high prevalence of L-TOT use systematic studies of larger patient populations are urgently needed. SIGNIFICANCE This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that long-term opioid treatment may suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and result in lower insulin levels and alter the glucocorticoid adrenal axis in adult chronic non-cancer pain patients. This adds to the need of more research of both clinical and paraclinical outcomes and their association when initiating and maintaining long-term opioid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille D K Diasso
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Susanne D Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and EDMaRC, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Sjøgren
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geana P Kurita
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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The pro- and anti-cancer effects of oxycodone are associated with epithelial growth factor receptor level in cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221926. [PMID: 31967294 PMCID: PMC7007405 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxycodone is an opioid medication used for the treatment of pain in cancer patients. However, little is known on the direct effects of oxycodone on cancer cells. Aim: To determine the effects and mechanisms of oxycodone in cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Proliferation, survival and migration assays were performed on multiple types of cancer cells. Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ERK/Akt pathway and oxidative stress were investigated after oxycodone treatment. Results: Oxycodone can either stimulate growth and migration without affecting survival in MDA-468 cells or inhibit growth and survival without affecting migration in SKBR3 and Caco2 cells. In addition, oxycodone can either attenuate or stimulate efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer, depending on the type of cancer cells and nature of action of oxycodone as single drug alone. Our mechanism studies suggest that the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of oxycodone are associated with EGFR expression levels in cancer cells. In cancer cells with high EGFR level, oxycodone activates EGFR signaling in cancer cells, leading to stimulatory effects in multiple biological activities, and this is dependent on opioid receptor. In cancer cells with low EGFR level, oxycodone induces mitochondria-mediated caspase activity and oxidative stress and damage, leading to cell death. Conclusions: Our work is the first to demonstrate systematic analysis of oxycodone’s effects and mechanism of action in cancer. The activation of EGFR signaling by oxycodone may provide a new guide in the clinical use of oxycodone, in particular for cancer patients with high EGFR levels.
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15
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Chang C, Liu HK, Yeh CB, Yang ML, Liao WC, Liu CH, Tseng TJ. Cross-Talk of Toll-Like Receptor 5 and Mu-Opioid Receptor Attenuates Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Mechanical Hyperalgesia through a Protein Kinase C Alpha-Dependent Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1891. [PMID: 33673008 PMCID: PMC7918001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors, are reported as potential modulators for neuropathic pain; however, the desired mechanism is still unexplained. Here, we operated on the sciatic nerve to establish a pre-clinical rodent model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) in Sprague-Dawley rats, which were assigned into CCI and Decompression groups randomly. In Decompression group, the rats were performed with nerve decompression at post-operative week 4. Mechanical hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were obviously attenuated after a month. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-immunoreactive (ir) expression increased in dorsal horn, particularly in the inner part of lamina II. Additionally, substance P (SP) and isolectin B4 (IB4)-ir expressions, rather than calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP)-ir expression, increased in their distinct laminae. Double immunofluorescence proved that increased TLR5-ir expression was co-expressed mainly with IB4-ir expression. Through an intrathecal administration with FLA-ST Ultrapure (a TLR5 agonist, purified flagellin from Salmonella Typhimurium, only the CCI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was attenuated dose-dependently. Moreover, we confirmed that mu-opioid receptor (MOR) and phospho-protein kinase Cα (pPKCα)-ir expressions but not phospho-protein kinase A RII (pPKA RII)-ir expression, increased in lamina II, where they mostly co-expressed with IB4-ir expression. Go 6976, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor, effectively reversed the FLA-ST Ultrapure- or DAMGO-mediated attenuated trend towards mechanical hyperalgesia by an intrathecal administration in CCI rats. In summary, our current findings suggest that nerve decompression improves CCI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia that might be through the cross-talk of TLR5 and MOR in a PKCα-dependent manner, which opens a novel opportunity for the development of analgesic therapeutics in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Hung-Kai Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lin Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Liao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - To-Jung Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan; (C.C.); (H.-K.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (W.-C.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Baumann MH, Tocco G, Papsun DM, Mohr AL, Fogarty MF, Krotulski AJ. U-47700 and Its Analogs: Non-Fentanyl Synthetic Opioids Impacting the Recreational Drug Market. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E895. [PMID: 33238449 PMCID: PMC7700279 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recreational use of opioid drugs is a global threat to public health and safety. In particular, an epidemic of opioid overdose fatalities is being driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl, while novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) are appearing on recreational drug markets as standalone products, adulterants in heroin, or ingredients in counterfeit drug preparations. Trans-3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide (U-47700) is a prime example of a non-fentanyl NSO that is associated with numerous intoxications and fatalities. Here, we review the medicinal chemistry, preclinical pharmacology, clandestine availability, methods for detection, and forensic toxicology of U-47700 and its analogs. An up-to-date summary of the human cases involving U-47700 intoxication and death are described. The evidence demonstrates that U-47700 is a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist, which poses a serious risk for overdosing and death. However, most analogs of U-47700 appear to be less potent and have been detected infrequently in forensic specimens. U-47700 represents a classic example of how chemical entities from the medicinal chemistry or patent literature can be diverted for use in recreational drug markets. Lessons learned from the experiences with U-47700 can inform scientists, clinicians, and policymakers who are involved with responding to the spread and impact of NSOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Baumann
- Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Suite 4400, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Graziella Tocco
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Donna M. Papsun
- Toxicology Department, NMS Labs, 200 Welsh Road, Horsham, PA 19044, USA;
| | - Amanda L. Mohr
- Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, 19090 PA, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.F.F.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Melissa F. Fogarty
- Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, 19090 PA, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.F.F.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Alex J. Krotulski
- Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, 19090 PA, USA; (A.L.M.); (M.F.F.); (A.J.K.)
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17
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Fousse SL, Golsen BM, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Paul-Murphy JR, Stern JA. Varying Expression of Mu and Kappa Opioid Receptors in Cockatiels ( Nymphicus hollandicus) and Domestic Pigeons ( Columba livia domestica). Front Genet 2020; 11:549558. [PMID: 33193624 PMCID: PMC7593685 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.549558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian species have varying analgesic responses to opioid drugs. Some of this variability could be due to extrinsic factors such as administration route or dose. However, intrinsic factors such as gene expression or polymorphic differences in opioid receptors may be important components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Fousse
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bryce M Golsen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joanne R Paul-Murphy
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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18
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Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity - Current and Future Perspectives. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:584-627. [PMID: 32876803 PMCID: PMC7463108 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent advances in experimental models, methodology, and our understanding of disease processes at the molecular and cellular levels reveal opioid-HIV interactions with increasing clarity. However, despite the substantial new insight, the unique impact of opioids on the severity, progression, and prognosis of neuroHIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not fully understood. In this review, we explore, in detail, what is currently known about mechanisms underlying opioid interactions with HIV, with emphasis on individual HIV-1-expressed gene products at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. Furthermore, we review preclinical and clinical studies with a focus on key considerations when addressing questions of whether opioid-HIV interactive pathogenesis results in unique structural or functional deficits not seen with either disease alone. These considerations include, understanding the combined consequences of HIV-1 genetic variants, host variants, and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and HIV chemokine co-receptor interactions on the comorbidity. Lastly, we present topics that need to be considered in the future to better understand the unique contributions of opioids to the pathophysiology of neuroHIV. Blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit. With HIV and opiate co-exposure (represented below the dotted line), there is breakdown of tight junction proteins and increased leakage of paracellular compounds into the brain. Despite this, opiate exposure selectively increases the expression of some efflux transporters, thereby restricting brain penetration of specific drugs. ![]()
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19
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Gein SV, Baeva TA. [Endomorphins: structure, localization, immunoregulatory activity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:78-86. [PMID: 33351316 DOI: 10.14341/probl10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphins – endogenous tetrapeptides with the highest affinity for the µ-opioid receptor. Currently, two tetrapeptides that differ in one amino acid residue have been isolated and characterized. The structure of endomorphins differs from the structure of members of three main families of opioid peptides: endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins, which contain the same N-terminal sequence. In the central nervous system, endomorphins are distributed everywhere, where they are primarily responsible for antinociception. Distribution of endomorphins in the immune system, similar to that of other opioid peptides, has allowed to suggest their active participation in the processes of immune regulation. This review summarizes modern views on the structure of endomorphins, their localization, possible intracellular mechanisms of signal transmission and their effects on the processes of activation, proliferation and differentiation of cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Endomorphins actively modulate the functions of the cells of the immune system. Peptides predominantly suppress adaptive immunity reactions. There effects on the functions of innate immunity cells (granulocytes, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells) depending on the conditions and can have either an inhibitory or stimulating orientation. Thus, endomorphins can be promising compounds that can effectively regulate both nociceptive signals and processes in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Gein
- Institute of ecology and genetics of microorganisms - branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Perm State University
| | - Tatyana A Baeva
- Institute of ecology and genetics of microorganisms - branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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20
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Zhang XY, Dou YN, Yuan L, Li Q, Zhu YJ, Wang M, Sun YG. Different neuronal populations mediate inflammatory pain analgesia by exogenous and endogenous opioids. eLife 2020; 9:55289. [PMID: 32519950 PMCID: PMC7311172 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mu-opioid receptors (MORs) are crucial for analgesia by both exogenous and endogenous opioids. However, the distinct mechanisms underlying these two types of opioid analgesia remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that analgesic effects of exogenous and endogenous opioids on inflammatory pain are mediated by MORs expressed in distinct subpopulations of neurons in mice. We found that the exogenous opioid-induced analgesia of inflammatory pain is mediated by MORs in Vglut2+ glutamatergic but not GABAergic neurons. In contrast, analgesia by endogenous opioids is mediated by MORs in GABAergic rather than Vglut2+ glutamatergic neurons. Furthermore, MORs expressed at the spinal level is mainly involved in the analgesic effect of morphine in acute pain, but not in endogenous opioid analgesia during chronic inflammatory pain. Thus, our study revealed distinct mechanisms underlying analgesia by exogenous and endogenous opioids, and laid the foundation for further dissecting the circuit mechanism underlying opioid analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Nong Dou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Gang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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21
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Ma H, Obeng S, Wang H, Zheng Y, Li M, Jali AM, Stevens DL, Dewey WL, Selley DE, Zhang Y. Application of Bivalent Bioisostere Concept on Design and Discovery of Potent Opioid Receptor Modulators. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11399-11415. [PMID: 31782922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we described the structural modification of previously identified μ opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist NAN, a 6α-N-7'-indolyl substituted naltrexamine derivative, and its 6β-N-2'-indolyl substituted analogue INTA by adopting the concept of "bivalent bioisostere". Three newly prepared opioid ligands, 25 (NBF), 31, and 38, were identified as potent MOR antagonists both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, these three compounds significantly antagonized DAMGO-induced intracellular calcium flux and displayed varying degrees of inhibition on cAMP production. Furthermore, NBF produced much less significant withdrawal effects than naloxone in morphine-pelleted mice. Molecular modeling studies revealed that these bivalent bioisosteres may adopt similar binding modes in the MOR and the "address" portions of them may have negative or positive allosteric modulation effects on the function of their "message" portions compared with NAN and INTA. Collectively, our successful application of the "bivalent bioisostere concept" identified a promising lead to develop novel therapeutic agents toward opioid use disorder treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Mengchu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Abdulmajeed M Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 410 North 12th Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - David L Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 410 North 12th Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 410 North 12th Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 410 North 12th Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
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22
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Nash B, Festa L, Lin C, Meucci O. Opioid and chemokine regulation of cortical synaptodendritic damage in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146409. [PMID: 31465771 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite effective antiretroviral therapies (ART). Evidence suggests that modern HAND is driven by subtle synaptodendritic damage in select brain regions, as ART-treated patients do not display overt neuronal death in postmortem brain studies. HAND symptoms are also aggravated by drug abuse, particularly with injection opioids. Opioid use produces region-specific synaptodendritic damage in similar brain regions, suggesting a convergent mechanism that may enhance HAND progression in opioid-using patients. Importantly, studies indicate that synaptodendritic damage and cognitive impairment in HAND may be reversible. Activation of the homeostatic chemokine receptor CXCR4 by its natural ligand CXCL12 positively regulates neuronal survival and dendritic spine density in cortical neurons, reducing functional deficits. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie CXCR4, as well as opioid-mediated regulation of dendritic spines are not completely defined. Here, we will consolidate studies that describe the region-specific synaptodendritic damage in the cerebral cortex of patients and animal models of HAND, describe the pathways by which opioids may contribute to cortical synaptodendritic damage, and discuss the prospects of using the CXCR4 signaling pathway to identify new approaches to reverse dendritic spine deficits. Additionally, we will discuss novel research questions that have emerged from recent studies of CXCR4 and µ-opioid actions in the cortex. Understanding the pathways that underlie synaptodendritic damage and rescue are necessary for developing novel, effective therapeutics for this growing patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Lindsay Festa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Chihyang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Drug addiction is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden, and results from recreational drug use that develops into a complex brain disorder. The opioid system, one of the first discovered neuropeptide systems in the history of neuroscience, is central to addiction. Recently, opioid receptors have been propelled back on stage by the rising opioid epidemics, revolutions in G protein-coupled receptor research and fascinating developments in basic neuroscience. This Review discusses rapidly advancing research into the role of opioid receptors in addiction, and addresses the key questions of whether we can kill pain without addiction using mu-opioid-receptor-targeting opiates, how mu- and kappa-opioid receptors operate within the neurocircuitry of addiction and whether we can bridge human and animal opioid research in the field of drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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24
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Duhamelle A, Raiwet DL, Langlois I, Fitzgerald G, Silversides DW. Preliminary Findings of Structure and Expression of Opioid Receptor Genes in a Peregrine Falcon ( Falco peregrinus), a Snowy Owl ( Bubo scandiacus), and a Blue-fronted Amazon Parrot ( Amazona aestiva). J Avian Med Surg 2019; 32:173-184. [PMID: 30204017 DOI: 10.1647/2017-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To further knowledge of the physiology of opioid receptors in birds, the structure and expression of the μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptor genes were studied in a peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus), a snowy owl ( Bubo scandiacus), and a blue-fronted Amazon parrot ( Amazona aestiva). Tissue samples were obtained from birds that had been euthanatized for poor release prognosis or medical reasons. Samples were taken from the brain (telencephalon, thalamus, pituitary gland, cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, mesencephalon), the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglions, and plantar foot skin. Messenger RNA was recovered, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences. Gene structures were documented by directly comparing cDNA sequences with recently published genomic sequences for the peregrine falcon and the blue-fronted Amazon parrot or by comparisons with genomic sequences of related species for the snowy owl. Structurally, the avian μ-opioid receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) species were complex, displaying differential splicing, alternative stop codons, and multiple polyadenylation signals. In comparison, the structure of the avian κ-receptor mRNA was relatively simple. In contrast to what is seen in humans, the avian δ-receptor mRNA structure was found to be complex, demonstrating novel 3-prime coding and noncoding exons not identified in mammals. The role of the δ-opioid receptor merits further investigation in avian species.
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25
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Abstract
The Human Pain Genetics Database (HPGDB) is a comprehensive variant-focused inventory of genetic contributors to human pain. After curation, the HPGDB currently includes 294 studies reporting associations between 434 distinct genetic variants and various pain phenotypes. Variants were then submitted to a comprehensive analysis. First, they were validated in an independent high-powered replication cohort by testing the association of each variant with 10 different pain phenotypes (n = 1320-26,973). One hundred fifty-five variants replicated successfully (false discovery rate 20%) in at least one pain phenotype, and the association P values of the HPGDB variants were significantly lower compared with those of random controls. Among the 155 replicated variants, 21 had been included in the HPGDB because of their association with analgesia-related and 13 with nociception-related phenotypes, confirming analgesia and nociception as pathways of vulnerability for pain phenotypes. Furthermore, many genetic variants were associated with multiple pain phenotypes, and the strength of their association correlated between many pairs of phenotypes. These genetic variants explained a considerable amount of the variance between different pairs of pain phenotypes, indicating a shared genetic basis among pain phenotypes. In addition, we found that HPGDB variants show many pleiotropic associations, indicating that genetic pathophysiological mechanisms are also shared among painful and nonpainful conditions. Finally, we demonstrated that the HPGDB data set is significantly enriched for functional variants that modify gene expression, are deleterious, and colocalize with open chromatin regions. As such, the HPGDB provides a validated data set that represents a valuable resource for researchers in the human pain field.
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26
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Zheng Y, Obeng S, Wang H, Jali AM, Peddibhotla B, Williams DA, Zou C, Stevens DL, Dewey WL, Akbarali HI, Selley DE, Zhang Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of the Third Generation 17-Cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4'-pyridyl)carboxamido]morphinan (NAP) Derivatives as μ/κ Opioid Receptor Dual Selective Ligands. J Med Chem 2019; 62:561-574. [PMID: 30608693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonists have been widely applied for treating moderate to severe pain. However, numerous adverse effects have been associated with their application, including opioid-induced constipation (OIC), respiratory depression, and addiction. On the basis of previous work in our laboratory, NAP, a 6β- N-4'-pyridyl substituted naltrexamine derivative, was identified as a peripheral MOR antagonist that may be used to treat OIC. To further explore its structure-activity relationship, a new series of NAP derivatives were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Among these derivatives, NFP and NYP significantly antagonized the antinociception effect of morphine. Whereas NAP acted mainly peripherally, its derivatives NFP and NYP actually can act centrally. Furthermore, NFP produced significantly lesser withdrawal symptoms than naloxone at similar doses. These results suggest that NFP has the potential to be a lead compound to treat opioid abuse and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E. Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E. Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E. Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Abdulmajeed M Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1112 East Clay Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Bharath Peddibhotla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E. Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Dwight A Williams
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E. Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Chuanchun Zou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E. Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - David L Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1112 East Clay Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1112 East Clay Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1112 East Clay Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , 1112 East Clay Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , 800 E. Leigh Street , Richmond , Virginia 23298 , United States
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27
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Zheng Y, Obeng S, Wang H, Stevens DL, Komla E, Selley DE, Dewey WL, Akbarali HI, Zhang Y. Methylation Products of 6β- N-Heterocyclic Substituted Naltrexamine Derivatives as Potential Peripheral Opioid Receptor Modulators. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:3028-3037. [PMID: 30001114 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two 6β- N-heterocyclic naltrexamine derivatives, NAP and NMP, have been identified as peripherally selective mu opioid receptor (MOR) antagonists. To further enhance the peripheral selectivity of both compounds, the 17-amino group and the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring in both NAP and NMP were methylated to obtain dMNAP and dMNMP, respectively. Compared with NAP and NMP, the binding affinities of dMNAP and dMNMP shifted to MOR and KOR (kappa opioid receptor) dual selective and they acted as moderate efficacy partial agonists. The results from radioligand binding studies were further confirmed by molecular docking studies. In vivo studies demonstrated that dMNAP and dMNMP did not produce antinociception nor did they antagonize morphine's antinociceptive activity, indicating that these compounds did not act on the central nervous system. Meanwhile, both dMNAP and dMNMP significantly slowed down fecal excretion, which indicated that they were peripherally acting opioid receptor agonists. All together, these results suggested that dMNAP and dMNMP acted as peripheral mu/kappa opioid receptor modulators and may be applicable in the treatment of diarrhea in patients with bowel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Samuel Obeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - David L. Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Essie Komla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Dana E. Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - William L. Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Hamid I. Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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28
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Untangling the complexity of opioid receptor function. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2514-2520. [PMID: 30250308 PMCID: PMC6224460 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mu opioid receptor agonists are among the most powerful analgesic medications but also among the most addictive. The current opioid crisis has energized a quest to develop opioid analgesics that are devoid of untoward effects. Since their discovery in the 1970's, there have been major advances in our understanding of the endogenous opioid systems that these drugs target. Yet many questions remain and the development of non-addictive opioid analgesics has not been achieved. However, access to new molecular, genetic and computational tools have begun to elucidate the structural dynamics of opioid receptors, the scaffolding that links them to intracellular signaling cascades, their cellular trafficking and the distinct ways that various opioid drugs modify them. This mini-review highlights some of the chemical and pharmacological findings and new perspectives that have arisen from studies using these tools. They reveal multiple layers of complexity of opioid receptor function, including a spatiotemporal specificity in opioid receptor-induced cellular signaling, ligand-directed biased signaling, allosteric modulation of ligand interactions, heterodimerization of different opioid receptors, and the existence of slice variants with different ligand specificity. By untangling these layers, basic research into the chemistry and pharmacology of opioid receptors is guiding the way towards deciphering the mysteries of tolerance and physical dependence that have plagued the field and is providing a platform for the development of more effective and safer opioids.
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29
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Willemse T, Eiselt E, Hollanders K, Schepens W, van Vlijmen HWT, Chung NN, Blais V, Holleran B, Longpré JM, Schiller PW, Maes BUW, Sarret P, Gendron L, Ballet S. Chemical space screening around Phe 3 in opioid peptides: Modulating µ versus δ agonism by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2320-2323. [PMID: 29853330 PMCID: PMC6005765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, affinities and activities of derivatized analogues of Dmt-dermorphin[1-4] (i.e. Dmt-d-Ala-Phe-GlyNH2, Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyl-(S)-tyrosine) for the µ opioid receptor (MOP) and δ opioid receptor (DOP) were evaluated using radioligand binding studies, functional cell-based assays and isolated organ bath experiments. By means of solid-phase or solution-phase Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings, various substituted regioisomers of the phenylalanine moiety in position 3 of the sequence were prepared. An 18-membered library of opioid tetrapeptides was generated via screening of the chemical space around the Phe3 side chain. These substitutions modulated bioactivity, receptor subtype selectivity and highly effective ligands with subnanomolar binding affinities, contributed to higher functional activities and potent analgesic actions. In search of selective peptidic ligands, we show here that the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction is a versatile and robust tool which could also be deployed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Willemse
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Bioengineering Sciences and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Organic Synthesis Division, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emilie Eiselt
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12(e)Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Karlijn Hollanders
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Bioengineering Sciences and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Organic Synthesis Division, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Schepens
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Herman W T van Vlijmen
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Nga N Chung
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Véronique Blais
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12(e)Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Brain Holleran
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12(e)Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12(e)Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12(e)Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Louis Gendron
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12(e)Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Bioengineering Sciences and Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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30
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31
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Gao J, Mfuh A, Amako Y, Woo CM. Small Molecule Interactome Mapping by Photoaffinity Labeling Reveals Binding Site Hotspots for the NSAIDs. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Adelphe Mfuh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yuka Amako
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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32
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Stefanucci A, Novellino E, Macedonio G, Dimmito MP, Mirzaie S, Caldas Cardoso F, Lewis R, Zádor F, Erdei AI, Dvorácskó S, Tömböly C, Benyhe S, Pieretti S, Minosi P, Mollica A. Design, synthesis and biological profile of mixed opioid agonist/N-VGCC blocker peptides. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04969b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel mixed opioid agonist/N-VGCC blocker peptides, design, synthesis and biological profile.
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33
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Ponterio G, Tassone A, Sciamanna G, Vanni V, Meringolo M, Santoro M, Mercuri NB, Bonsi P, Pisani A. Enhanced mu opioid receptor-dependent opioidergic modulation of striatal cholinergic transmission in DYT1 dystonia. Mov Disord 2017; 33:310-320. [PMID: 29150865 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mu opioid receptor activation modulates acetylcholine release in the dorsal striatum, an area deeply involved in motor function, habit formation, and reinforcement learning as well as in the pathophysiology of different movement disorders, such as dystonia. Although the role of opioids in drug reward and addiction is well established, their involvement in motor dysfunction remains largely unexplored. METHODS We used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the responses to mu activation in 2 mouse models of DYT1 dystonia (Tor1a+/Δgag mice, Tor1a+/- torsinA null mice, and their respective wild-types). We performed electrophysiological recordings to characterize the pharmacological effects of receptor activation in cholinergic interneurons as well as the underlying ionic currents. In addition, an analysis of the receptor expression was performed both at the protein and mRNA level. RESULTS In mutant mice, selective mu receptor activation caused a stronger G-protein-dependent, dose-dependent inhibition of firing activity in cholinergic interneurons when compared with controls. In Tor1a+/- mice, our electrophysiological analysis showed an abnormal involvement of calcium-activated potassium channels. Moreover, in both models we found increased levels of mu receptor protein. In addition, both total mRNA and the mu opioid receptor splice variant 1S (MOR-1S) splice variant of the mu receptor gene transcript, specifically enriched in striatum, were selectively upregulated. CONCLUSION Mice with the DYT1 dystonia mutation exhibit an enhanced response to mu receptor activation, dependent on selective receptor gene upregulation. Our data suggest a novel role for striatal opioid signaling in motor control, and more important, identify mu opioid receptors as potential targets for pharmacological intervention in dystonia. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ponterio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neurophysiology and Plasticity Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tassone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neurophysiology and Plasticity Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciamanna
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neurophysiology and Plasticity Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neurophysiology and Plasticity Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neurophysiology and Plasticity Lab, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neurophysiology and Plasticity Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neurophysiology and Plasticity Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Neurophysiology and Plasticity Lab, Rome, Italy
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34
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Van der Poorten O, Van Den Hauwe R, Eiselt E, Betti C, Guillemyn K, Chung NN, Hallé F, Bihel F, Schiller PW, Tourwé D, Sarret P, Gendron L, Ballet S. χ-Space Screening of Dermorphin-Based Tetrapeptides through Use of Constrained Arylazepinone and Quinolinone Scaffolds. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1177-1182. [PMID: 29152051 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of novel conformationally constrained amino acids, 4-amino-8-bromo-2-benzazepin-3-one (8-Br-Aba), 3-amino-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one, and regioisomeric 4-amino-naphthoazepinones (1- and 2-Ana), is described. Introduction of these constricted scaffolds into the N-terminal tetrapeptide of dermorphin (i.e., H-Tyr-d-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH2) induced significant shifts in binding affinity, selectivity, and in vitro activity at the μ- and δ-opioid receptors (MOP and DOP, respectively). A reported constrained μ-/δ-opioid lead tetrapeptide H-Dmt-d-Arg-Aba-Gly-NH2 was modified through application of various constrained building blocks to identify optimal spatial orientations in view of activity at the opioid receptors. Interestingly, when the aromatic moieties were turned toward the C-terminus of the peptide sequences, (partial) (ant)agonism at MOP and weak (ant)agonism at DOP were noticed, whereas the incorporation of the 1-Ana residue led toward balanced low nanomolar MOP/DOP binding and in vitro agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van der Poorten
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robin Van Den Hauwe
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Eiselt
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d’Excellence en Neurosciences de l’Université de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4,Canada
| | - Cecilia Betti
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karel Guillemyn
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nga N. Chung
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada
| | - François Hallé
- UMR7200,
CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route
du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- UMR7200,
CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 Route
du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Peter W. Schiller
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d’Excellence en Neurosciences de l’Université de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4,Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre
de Recherche du CHU de Sherbrooke, Centre d’Excellence en Neurosciences de l’Université de Sherbrooke, and Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4,Canada
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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35
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Knezevic NN, Yekkirala A, Yaksh TL. Basic/Translational Development of Forthcoming Opioid- and Nonopioid-Targeted Pain Therapeutics. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:1714-1732. [PMID: 29049116 PMCID: PMC5679134 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Opioids represent an efficacious therapeutic modality for some, but not all pain states. Singular reliance on opioid therapy for pain management has limitations, and abuse potential has deleterious consequences for patient and society. Our understanding of pain biology has yielded insights and opportunities for alternatives to conventional opioid agonists. The aim is to have efficacious therapies, with acceptable side effect profiles and minimal abuse potential, which is to say an absence of reinforcing activity in the absence of a pain state. The present work provides a nonexclusive overview of current drug targets and potential future directions of research and development. We discuss channel activators and blockers, including sodium channel blockers, potassium channel activators, and calcium channel blockers; glutamate receptor-targeted agents, including N-methyl-D-aspartate, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid, and metabotropic receptors. Furthermore, we discuss therapeutics targeted at γ-aminobutyric acid, α2-adrenergic, and opioid receptors. We also considered antagonists of angiotensin 2 and Toll receptors and agonists/antagonists of adenosine, purine receptors, and cannabinoids. Novel targets considered are those focusing on lipid mediators and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Of interest is development of novel targeting strategies, which produce long-term alterations in pain signaling, including viral transfection and toxins. We consider issues in the development of druggable molecules, including preclinical screening. While there are examples of successful translation, mechanistically promising preclinical candidates may unexpectedly fail during clinical trials because the preclinical models may not recapitulate the particular human pain condition being addressed. Molecular target characterization can diminish the disconnect between preclinical and humans' targets, which should assist in developing nonaddictive analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago, Illinois; Departments of †Anesthesiology and ‡Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois; §Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; ‖Blue Therapeutics, Harvard Innovation Launch Lab, Allston, Massachusetts; and Departments of ¶Anesthesiology and #Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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36
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Wickham RJ. Cancer Pain Management: Opioid Analgesics, Part 2. J Adv Pract Oncol 2017; 8:588-607. [PMID: 30310721 PMCID: PMC6167083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid analgesics are the cornerstone of moderate to severe cancer pain management, and do not have ceiling doses unless unmanageable adverse effects occur. Oral, short-acting pure μ agonists such as morphine are most frequently used, but other agents and administration formulations allow finding the right opioid and dose for most patients. In addition, clinicians must understand the metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and elimination of particular drugs to individualize opioid selection, select initial doses, and appropriately escalate doses to satisfactory pain relief or uncontrollable toxicity. Anticipation and proactive management of possible adverse effects, particularly constipation, confusion or delirium, opioid-specific adverse effects, and opioid abuse, are also integral to primary and secondary prophylaxis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita J Wickham
- Rush University College of Nursing (Adjunct Faculty), Chicago, Illinois
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37
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Baumann MH, Majumdar S, Le Rouzic V, Hunkele A, Uprety R, Huang XP, Xu J, Roth BL, Pan YX, Pasternak GW. Pharmacological characterization of novel synthetic opioids (NSO) found in the recreational drug marketplace. Neuropharmacology 2017; 134:101-107. [PMID: 28807672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel synthetic opioids (NSO) are increasingly encountered in illicit heroin and counterfeit pain pills. Many NSO are resurrected from older biomedical literature or patent applications, so limited information is available about their biological effects. Here we examined the pharmacology of three structurally-distinct NSO found in the recreational drug market: N-(1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl)-N-phenylbutyramide (butyrylfentanyl), 3,4-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide (U-47700) and 1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine (MT-45). Radioligand binding and GTPγS functional assays were carried out in cells transfected with murine mu- (MOR-1), delta- (DOR-1) or kappa-opioid receptors (KOR-1). Antinociceptive effects were determined using the radiant heat tail flick technique in mice, and opioid specificity was assessed with the mu-opioid antagonist naloxone. Butyrylfentanyl, U-47700 and MT-45 displayed nM affinities at MOR-1, but were less potent than morphine, and had much weaker effects at DOR-1 and KOR-1. All NSO exhibited agonist actions at MOR-1 in the GTPγS assay. Butyrylfentanyl and U-47700 were 31- and 12-fold more potent than morphine in the tail flick assay, whereas MT-45 was equipotent with morphine. Analgesic effects were reversed by naloxone and absent in genetically-engineered mice lacking MOR-1. Our findings confirm that butyrylfentanyl, U-47700 and MT-45 are selective MOR-1 agonists with in vitro affinities less than morphine. However, analgesic potencies vary more than 30-fold across the compounds, and in vitro binding affinity does not predict in vivo potency. Taken together, our findings highlight the risks to humans who may unknowingly be exposed to these and other NSO when taking adulterated heroin or counterfeit pain medications. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Designer Drugs and Legal Highs.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Baumann
- Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Valerie Le Rouzic
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amanda Hunkele
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rajendra Uprety
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xi Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ying-Xian Pan
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gavril W Pasternak
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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38
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Lee Y, Basith S, Choi S. Recent Advances in Structure-Based Drug Design Targeting Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors Utilizing Crystal Structures and Computational Simulations. J Med Chem 2017; 61:1-46. [PMID: 28657745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest and most physiologically important integral membrane protein family, and these receptors respond to a wide variety of physiological and environmental stimuli. GPCRs are among the most critical therapeutic targets for numerous human diseases, and approximately one-third of the currently marketed drugs target this receptor family. The recent breakthroughs in GPCR structural biology have significantly contributed to our understanding of GPCR function, ligand binding, and pharmacological action as well as to the design of new drugs. This perspective highlights the latest advances in GPCR structures with a focus on the receptor-ligand interactions of each receptor family in class A nonrhodopsin GPCRs as well as the structural features for their activation, biased signaling, and allosteric mechanisms. The current state-of-the-art methodologies of structure-based drug design (SBDD) approaches in the GPCR research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaherin Basith
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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39
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Abstract
Novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) include various analogs of fentanyl and newly emerging non-fentanyl compounds. Together with illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF), these drugs have caused a recent spike in overdose deaths, whereas deaths from prescription opioids have stabilized. NSOs are used as stand-alone products, as adulterants in heroin, or as constituents of counterfeit prescription medications. During 2015 alone, there were 9580 deaths from synthetic opioids other than methadone. Most of these fatalities were associated with IMF rather than diverted pharmaceutical fentanyl. In opioid overdose cases, where the presence of fentanyl analogs was examined, analogs were implicated in 17% of fatalities. Recent data from law enforcement sources show increasing confiscation of acetylfentanyl, butyrylfentanyl, and furanylfentanyl, in addition to non-fentanyl compounds such as U-47700. Since 2013, deaths from NSOs in the United States were 52 for acetylfentanyl, 40 for butyrylfentanyl, 128 for furanylfentanyl, and 46 for U-47700. All of these substances induce a classic opioid toxidrome, which can be reversed with the competitive antagonist naloxone. However, due to the putative high potency of NSOs and their growing prevalence, it is recommended to forgo the 0.4 mg initial dose of naloxone and start with 2 mg. Because NSOs offer enormous profit potential, and there is strong demand for their use, these drugs are being trafficked by organized crime. NSOs present major challenges for medical professionals, law enforcement agencies, and policymakers. Resources must be distributed equitably to enhance harm reduction though public education, medication-assisted therapies, and improved access to naloxone.
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40
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Stefanucci A, Novellino E, Mirzaie S, Macedonio G, Pieretti S, Minosi P, Szűcs E, Erdei AI, Zádor F, Benyhe S, Mollica A. Opioid Receptor Activity and Analgesic Potency of DPDPE Peptide Analogues Containing a Xylene Bridge. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:449-454. [PMID: 28435535 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
d-Pen2,d-Pen5 enkephalin (DPDPE) is one of the most selective synthetic peptide agonists targeting the δ-opioid receptor. Three cyclic analogues of DPDPE containing a xylene bridge in place of disulfide bond have been synthesized and fully characterized as opioid receptors agonists. The in vitro activity was investigated showing a good affinity of 7a-c for μ- and δ-receptors. In vivo biological assays revealed that 7b is the most potent analogue with the ability to maintain high level of analgesia from 15 to 60 min following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration, whereas DPDPE was slightly active until 45 min. Compound 7b induced long lasting analgesia also after subcutaneous administration, whereas DPDPE was inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sako Mirzaie
- Department
of Biochemistry, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Giorgia Macedonio
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale
per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica dei Farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Minosi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale
per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica dei Farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Edina Szűcs
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna I. Erdei
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zádor
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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41
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Zheng Z, Huang XP, Mangano TJ, Zou R, Chen X, Zaidi SA, Roth BL, Stevens RC, Katritch V. Structure-Based Discovery of New Antagonist and Biased Agonist Chemotypes for the Kappa Opioid Receptor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3070-3081. [PMID: 28339199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing epidemics of opioid overdose raises an urgent need for effective antiaddiction therapies and addiction-free painkillers. The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) has emerged as a promising target for both indications, raising demand for new chemotypes of KOR antagonists as well as G-protein-biased agonists. We employed the crystal structure of the KOR-JDTic complex and ligand-optimized structural templates to perform virtual screening of available compound libraries for new KOR ligands. The prospective virtual screening campaign yielded a high 32% hit rate, identifying novel fragment-like and lead-like chemotypes of KOR ligands. A round of optimization resulted in 11 new submicromolar KOR binders (best Ki = 90 nM). Functional assessment confirmed at least two compounds as potent KOR antagonists, while compound 81 was identified as a potent Gi biased agonist for KOR with minimal β-arrestin recruitment. These results support virtual screening as an effective tool for discovery of new lead chemotypes with therapeutically relevant functional profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Raymond C Stevens
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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42
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Corder G, Tawfik VL, Wang D, Sypek EI, Low SA, Dickinson JR, Sotoudeh C, Clark JD, Barres BA, Bohlen CJ, Scherrer G. Loss of μ opioid receptor signaling in nociceptors, but not microglia, abrogates morphine tolerance without disrupting analgesia. Nat Med 2017; 23:164-173. [PMID: 28092666 PMCID: PMC5296291 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Opioid pain medications have detrimental side effects including analgesic tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Tolerance and OIH counteract opioid analgesia and drive dose escalation. The cell types and receptors on which opioids act to initiate these maladaptive processes remain disputed, which has prevented the development of therapies to maximize and sustain opioid analgesic efficacy. We found that μ opioid receptors (MORs) expressed by primary afferent nociceptors initiate tolerance and OIH development. RNA sequencing and histological analysis revealed that MORs are expressed by nociceptors, but not by spinal microglia. Deletion of MORs specifically in nociceptors eliminated morphine tolerance, OIH and pronociceptive synaptic long-term potentiation without altering antinociception. Furthermore, we found that co-administration of methylnaltrexone bromide, a peripherally restricted MOR antagonist, was sufficient to abrogate morphine tolerance and OIH without diminishing antinociception in perioperative and chronic pain models. Collectively, our data support the idea that opioid agonists can be combined with peripheral MOR antagonists to limit analgesic tolerance and OIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Corder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vivianne L. Tawfik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth I. Sypek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford University Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah A. Low
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jasmine R. Dickinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford University Biology Graduate Program, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chaudy Sotoudeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. David Clark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Anesthesiology Service, Veteran’s Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ben A. Barres
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher J. Bohlen
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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43
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Hauser KF, Knapp PE. Opiate Drugs with Abuse Liability Hijack the Endogenous Opioid System to Disrupt Neuronal and Glial Maturation in the Central Nervous System. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:294. [PMID: 29410949 PMCID: PMC5787058 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endogenous opioid system, comprised of multiple opioid neuropeptide and receptor gene families, is highly expressed by developing neural cells and can significantly influence neuronal and glial maturation. In many central nervous system (CNS) regions, the expression of opioid peptides and receptors occurs only transiently during development, effectively disappearing with subsequent maturation only to reemerge under pathologic conditions, such as with inflammation or injury. Opiate drugs with abuse liability act to modify growth and development by mimicking the actions of endogenous opioids. Although typically mediated by μ-opioid receptors, opiate drugs can also act through δ- and κ-opioid receptors to modulate growth in a cell-type, region-specific, and developmentally regulated manner. Opioids act as biological response modifiers and their actions are highly contextual, plastic, modifiable, and influenced by other physiological processes or pathophysiological conditions, such as neuro-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To date, most studies have considered the acute effects of opiates on cellular maturation. For example, activating opioid receptors typically results in acute growth inhibition in both neurons and glia. However, with sustained opioid exposure, compensatory factors become operative, a concept that has been largely overlooked during CNS maturation. Accordingly, this article surveys prior studies on the effects of opiates on CNS maturation, and also suggests new directions for future research in this area. Identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive responses to chronic opiate exposure (e.g., tolerance) during maturation is crucial toward understanding the consequences of perinatal opiate exposure on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
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44
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Yaksh TL, Fisher CJ, Hockman TM, Wiese AJ. Current and Future Issues in the Development of Spinal Agents for the Management of Pain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:232-259. [PMID: 26861470 PMCID: PMC5412694 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160307145542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting analgesic drugs for spinal delivery reflects the fact that while the conscious experience of pain is mediated supraspinally, input initiated by high intensity stimuli, tissue injury and/or nerve injury is encoded at the level of the spinal dorsal horn and this output informs the brain as to the peripheral environment. This encoding process is subject to strong upregulation resulting in hyperesthetic states and downregulation reducing the ongoing processing of nociceptive stimuli reversing the hyperesthesia and pain processing. The present review addresses the biology of spinal nociceptive processing as relevant to the effects of intrathecally-delivered drugs in altering pain processing following acute stimulation, tissue inflammation/injury and nerve injury. The review covers i) the major classes of spinal agents currently employed as intrathecal analgesics (opioid agonists, alpha 2 agonists; sodium channel blockers; calcium channel blockers; NMDA blockers; GABA A/B agonists; COX inhibitors; ii) ongoing developments in the pharmacology of spinal therapeutics focusing on less studied agents/targets (cholinesterase inhibition; Adenosine agonists; iii) novel intrathecal targeting methodologies including gene-based approaches (viral vectors, plasmids, interfering RNAs); antisense, and toxins (botulinum toxins; resniferatoxin, substance P Saporin); and iv) issues relevant to intrathecal drug delivery (neuraxial drug distribution), infusate delivery profile, drug dosing, formulation and principals involved in the preclinical evaluation of intrathecal drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L. Yaksh
- University of California, San Diego, Anesthesia Research Lab 0818, 9500 Gilman Dr. LaJolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Casey J. Fisher
- University of California, San Diego, Anesthesia Research Lab 0818, 9500 Gilman Dr. LaJolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tyler M. Hockman
- University of California, San Diego, Anesthesia Research Lab 0818, 9500 Gilman Dr. LaJolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ashley J. Wiese
- University of California, San Diego, Anesthesia Research Lab 0818, 9500 Gilman Dr. LaJolla, CA 92093, USA
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45
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Haw AJ, Meyer LCR, Fuller A. Nalbuphine and butorphanol reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression but increase arousal in etorphine-immobilized goats (Capra hircus). Vet Anaesth Analg 2016; 43:539-48. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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46
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Skorpen F, von Hofacker S, Bjørngaard M, Skogholt AH, Dale O, Kaasa S, Klepstad P. The rare Arg181Cys mutation in the μ opioid receptor can abolish opioid responses. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60:1084-91. [PMID: 27113810 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variability contributes to variable clinical response to opioids. This study emerged from the observation of three Norwegian patients who showed no or extraordinary poor response to very high doses of opioids. We suspected a genetic defect and applied a 'most likely candidate gene' approach to investigate this possibility. METHODS DNA sequencing was used to search for mutations in coding regions of the OPRM1 gene, encoding the μ opioid receptor (hMOR), in one patient. The remaining two patients, and two cohorts comprising 2158 European cancer pain patients and 600 Norwegian healthy volunteers, respectively, were genotyped using a custom-made TaqMan SNP allelic discrimination assay. RESULTS DNA sequencing disclosed a homozygous, inactivating Arg181Cys mutation in hMOR in the patient who showed no effects from opioids. The two patients with poor effect from very high doses of opioids were both heterozygous for the mutation. Six heterozygous patients identified among the European cancer patients all used high doses of opioids and/or reported inferior effect on their pain. About one in every 100 Norwegians is heterozygous for the mutation. CONCLUSIONS The Arg181Cys mutation occurs at clinically relevant frequencies and produces a signaling dead hMOR which may abolish or significantly reduce opioid effects in affected individuals. Anesthesiologists and practitioners in pain medicine should be aware of this mutation as a possible explanation for inefficiency of opioids and consider genotyping in relevant cases. Individuals homozygous for the mutation may need a highly personalized approach to pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Skorpen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Children's and Women's Health; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
- European Palliative Care Research Center; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
| | - S. von Hofacker
- Regional Centre of Excellence for Palliative Care, Western Norway; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Sunniva Centre for Palliative Care; Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - M. Bjørngaard
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine; Volda Hospital; Volda Norway
| | - A. H. Skogholt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Children's and Women's Health; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
| | - O. Dale
- Department of Research and Innovation; St. Olav's University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
| | - S. Kaasa
- European Palliative Care Research Center; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
- Department of Oncology; St Olav's University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - P. Klepstad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU); Trondheim Norway
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine; St Olav's University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
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Wetmore LA, Pascoe PJ, Shilo-Benjamini Y, Lindsey JC. Effects of fentanyl administration on locomotor response in horses with the G57C μ-opioid receptor polymorphism. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:828-32. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.8.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Regan PM, Langford TD, Khalili K. Regulation and Functional Implications of Opioid Receptor Splicing in Opioid Pharmacology and HIV Pathogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:976-85. [PMID: 26529364 PMCID: PMC4728022 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the identification and characterization of four opioid receptor subtypes and the genes from which they are encoded, pharmacological data does not conform to the predications of a four opioid receptor model. Instead, current studies of opioid pharmacology suggest the existence of additional receptor subtypes; however, no additional opioid receptor subtype has been identified to date. It is now understood that this discrepancy is due to the generation of multiple isoforms of opioid receptor subtypes. While several mechanisms are utilized to generate these isoforms, the primary mechanism involves alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA transcript. Extensive alternative splicing patterns for opioid receptors have since been identified and discrepancies in opioid pharmacology are now partially attributed to variable expression of these isoforms. Recent studies have been successful in characterizing the localization of these isoforms as well as their specificity in ligand binding; however, the regulation of opioid receptor splicing specificity is poorly characterized. Furthermore, the functional significance of individual receptor isoforms and the extent to which opioid- and/or HIV-mediated changes in the opioid receptor isoform profile contributes to altered opioid pharmacology or the well-known physiological role of opioids in the exacerbation of HIV neurocognitive dysfunction is unknown. As such, the current review details constitutive splicing mechanisms as well as the specific architecture of opioid receptor genes, transcripts, and receptors in order to highlight the current understanding of opioid receptor isoforms, potential mechanisms of their regulation and signaling, and their functional significance in both opioid pharmacology and HIV-associated neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Regan
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - T. Dianne Langford
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Involvement of opioid signaling in food preference and motivation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 229:159-187. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Regan PM, Sariyer IK, Langford TD, Datta PK, Khalili K. Morphine-induced MOR-1X and ASF/SF2 Expressions Are Independent of Transcriptional Regulation: Implications for MOR-1X Signaling. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1542-53. [PMID: 26553431 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multiple μ-opioid receptor (MOR) isoforms have been identified that originate from a single gene, OPRM1; however, both their regulation and their functional significance are poorly characterized. The objectives of this study were to decipher, first, the regulation of alternatively spliced μ-opioid receptor isoforms and the spliceosome components that determine splicing specificity and, second, the signaling pathways utilized by particular isoforms both constitutively and following agonist binding. Our studies demonstrated that the expression of a particular splice variant, MOR-1X, was up-regulated by morphine, and this coincided with an increase in the essential splicing factor ASF/SF2. Structural comparison of this isoform to the prototypical variant MOR-1 revealed that the unique distal portion of the C-terminal domain contains additional phosphorylation sites, whereas functional comparison found distinct signaling differences, particularly in the ERK and p90 RSK pathways. Additionally, MOR-1X expression significantly reduced Bax expression and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, suggesting a unique functional consequence for MOR-1X specific signaling. Collectively, these findings suggest that alternative splicing of the MOR is altered by exogenous opioids, such as morphine, and that individual isoforms, such as MOR-1X, mediate unique signal transduction with distinct functional consequence. Furthermore, we have identified for the first time a potential mechanism that involves the essential splicing factor ASF/SF2 through which morphine regulates splicing specificity of the MOR encoding gene, OPRM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Regan
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ilker K Sariyer
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - T Dianne Langford
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prasun K Datta
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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