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Ferreira RDS, Mendonça LABM, dos Santos C, Hiane PA, Matias R, Franco OL, de Oliveira AKM, do Nascimento VA, Pott A, Carvalho CME, Guimarães RDCA. Do Bioactive Food Compound with Avena sativa L., Linum usitatissimum L. and Glycine max L. Supplementation with Moringa oleifera Lam. Have a Role against Nutritional Disorders? An Overview of the In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Nutrients 2021; 13:2294. [PMID: 34371804 PMCID: PMC8308451 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional clinical nutrition is an integrative science; it uses dietary strategies, functional foods and medicinal plants, as well as combinations thereof. Both functional foods and medicinal plants, whether associated or not, form nutraceuticals, which can bring benefits to health, in addition to being included in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Some functional food effects from Avena sativa L. (oats), Linum usitatissimum L. (brown flaxseed), Glycine max L. (soya) and Moringa oleifera have been proposed for nutritional disorders through in vitro and in vivo tests. A formulation called a bioactive food compound (BFC) showed efficiency in the association of oats, flaxseed and soy for dyslipidemia and obesity. In this review, we discuss the effects of BFC in other nutritional disorders, as well as the beneficial effects of M. oleifera in obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, metabolic syndrome, intestinal inflammatory diseases/colorectal carcinogenesis and malnutrition. In addition, we hypothesized that a BFC enriched with M. oleifera could present a synergistic effect and play a potential benefit in nutritional disorders. The traditional consumption of M. oleifera preparations can allow associations with other formulations, such as BFC. These nutraceutical formulations can be easily accepted and can be used in sweet preparations (fruit and/or vegetable juices, fruit and/or vegetable vitamins, porridges, yogurt, cream, mousses or fruit salads, cakes and cookies) or savory (vegetable purees, soups, broths and various sauces), cooked or not. These formulations can be low-cost and easy-to-use. The association of bioactive food substances in dietary formulations can facilitate adherence to consumption and, thus, contribute to the planning of future nutritional interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of the clinical conditions presented in this study. This can be extended to the general population. However, an investigation through clinical studies is needed to prove applicability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela dos Santos Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, Campo Grande 79117-010, MS, Brazil; (R.d.S.F.); (L.A.B.M.M.); (C.d.S.); (O.L.F.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Lígia Aurélio Bezerra Maranhão Mendonça
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, Campo Grande 79117-010, MS, Brazil; (R.d.S.F.); (L.A.B.M.M.); (C.d.S.); (O.L.F.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Cristiane dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, Campo Grande 79117-010, MS, Brazil; (R.d.S.F.); (L.A.B.M.M.); (C.d.S.); (O.L.F.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil; (P.A.H.); (V.A.d.N.)
| | - Rosemary Matias
- Graduate Program in Environment and Regional Development, University Anhanguera Uniderp, Campo Grande 79035-470, MS, Brazil; (R.M.); (A.K.M.d.O.)
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, Campo Grande 79117-010, MS, Brazil; (R.d.S.F.); (L.A.B.M.M.); (C.d.S.); (O.L.F.); (C.M.E.C.)
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Center of Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Catholic University of Brazilia, Brasília 70790-160, DF, Brazil
| | - Ademir Kleber Morbeck de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Environment and Regional Development, University Anhanguera Uniderp, Campo Grande 79035-470, MS, Brazil; (R.M.); (A.K.M.d.O.)
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil; (P.A.H.); (V.A.d.N.)
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Cristiano Marcelo Espinola Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco-UCDB, Campo Grande 79117-010, MS, Brazil; (R.d.S.F.); (L.A.B.M.M.); (C.d.S.); (O.L.F.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande 79079-900, MS, Brazil; (P.A.H.); (V.A.d.N.)
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Pacheco NCS, de Almeida APC, de Siqueira KC, de Lima FM, Reis SRDL, Latorraca MQ, Stoppiglia LF. Nutritional recovery with a soybean diet impaired the glucagon response but did not alter liver gluconeogenesis in the adult offspring of rats deprived of protein during pregnancy and lactation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:13-21. [PMID: 29932877 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional recovery of early malnutrition with a soybean diet reduces liver glycogen stores in the fed state and produces liver insulin resistance. We investigated whether nutritional recovery on a soybean flour diet alters hepatic gluconeogenesis in the adult offspring of rats deprived of protein during pregnancy and lactation. Male rats from mothers that were fed either 17% (C) or 6% (L) protein during pregnancy and lactation were maintained on a 17% casein (CC, n = 16 and LC, n = 17), 17% soybean flour (CS, n = 10 and LS, n = 10), or 6% casein (LL, n = 10) diet after weaning. The soybean diet reduced basal serum glucose (soybean diet, 5.6 ± 0.6 mmol/L vs. casein diet, 6.2 ± 0.6 mmol/L; p < 0.05) but increased alanine aminotransferase mRNA/GAPDH (soybean diet, 0.062 ± 0.038 vs. casein diet, 0.024 ± 0.011; p < 0.01), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA/GAPDH (soybean diet, 1.53 ± 0.52 vs. casein diet, 0.95 ± 0.43; p < 0.05), and glycerokinase protein content (soybean diet, 0.86 ± 0.08 vs. casein diet, 0.75 ± 0.11; p < 0.05). The serum glucose concentration (recovered groups, 5.6 ± 0.5 mmol/L vs. control groups, 6.2 ± 0.7 mmol/L; p < 0.05) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity (recovered groups, 2.8 ± 0.6 μU/mg vs. control groups, 3.6 ± 0.6 μU/mg; p < 0.05) were decreased in rats subjected to protein restriction in early life. The glucose area under the curve during the pyruvate tolerance test did not differ among groups, whereas glucose area under the curve after glucagon infusion was reduced by early malnutrition (recovered groups, 4210 ± 572 mg/dL·40 min vs. control groups, 4493 ± 688 mg/dL·40 min; p < 0.001) and by the soybean diet (soybean diet, 3995 ± 500 mg/dL·40 min vs. casein diet, 4686 ± 576 mg/dL·40 min; p < 0.05). Thus, the soybean diet impaired the response to glucagon but did not alter gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelma Cristina Silva Pacheco
- a Mestrado em Biociências, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Carli de Almeida
- a Mestrado em Biociências, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Kariny Cássia de Siqueira
- a Mestrado em Biociências, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Faena Moura de Lima
- a Mestrado em Biociências, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Regina de Lima Reis
- b Departamento de Alimentos Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Queiroz Latorraca
- b Departamento de Alimentos Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fabrizio Stoppiglia
- c Departamento de Psicologia, Instituto de Educação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
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Tella T, Masola B, Mukaratirwa S. The effect of Psidium guajava aqueous leaf extract on liver glycogen enzymes, hormone sensitive lipase and serum lipid profile in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:2441-2446. [PMID: 30551504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycaemia that results from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action and is accompanied by general disturbances metabolism. Psidium guajava (PG) leaf is known to have antidiabetic effects that include lowering of blood glucose. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of PG leaf extract on tissue activity of glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP); tissue activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL); serum lipid profile; and serum enzyme biomarkers of tissue damage. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with a single dose of 40 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin. The aqueous extract of PG leaves was used to treat both normal and diabetic animals (400 mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks while control animals were treated with the vehicle. At the end of the treatment period, blood, liver and adipose tissue samples were collected from the euthanized animals. The results show that PG extract significantly decreased (P < 0.05) HSL activity in adipose tissue and liver of diabetic animals which was accompanied by increased glycogen levels, reduced serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol. This study demonstrates that P. guajava has significant anti-diabetic effects that include increased glycogen storage and reduced HSL activity in the liver and adipose tissue with an improved serum lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluwani Tella
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bubuya Masola
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Santos SAA, Camargo AC, Constantino FB, Colombelli KT, Mani F, Rinaldi JC, Franco S, Portela LMF, Duran BOS, Scarano WR, Hinton BT, Felisbino SL, Justulin LA. Maternal Low-Protein Diet Impairs Prostate Growth in Young Rat Offspring and Induces Prostate Carcinogenesis With Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 74:751-759. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Camargo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ketlin T Colombelli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C Rinaldi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Suelen Franco
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz M F Portela
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno O S Duran
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson R Scarano
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Barry T Hinton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
| | - Sergio L Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Gomes SP, da Silva AAP, Crisma AR, Borelli P, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, de Melo MP, Bacci B, Loesch A, Coppi AA. Stereology shows that damaged liver recovers after protein refeeding. Nutrition 2017; 38:61-69. [PMID: 28526384 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the putative effects of a low-protein diet on the three-dimensional structure of hepatocytes and determine whether this scenario could be reversed by restoring the adequate levels of protein to the diet. METHODS Using design-based stereology, the total number and volume of hepatocytes were estimated in the liver of mice in healthy and altered (by protein malnutrition) conditions and after protein renutrition. RESULTS This study demonstrated a 65% decrease in the liver volume (3302 mm3 for the control for undernourished versus 1141 mm3 for the undernourished group) accompanied by a 46% reduction in the hepatocyte volume (8223 μm3 for the control for undernourished versus 4475 μm3 for the undernourished group) and a 90% increase in the total number of binucleate hepatocytes (1 549 393 for the control for undernourished versus 2 941 353 for the undernourished group). Reinstating a normoproteinic diet (12% casein) proved to be effective in restoring the size of hepatocytes, leading to an 85% increase in the total number of uninucleate hepatocytes (15 988 560 for the undernourished versus 29 600 520 for the renourished group), and partially reversed the liver atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of these data will add to a better morphologic understanding of malnutrition-induced hepatopathies and will help clinicians improve the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in humans and in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Pires Gomes
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy (LSSCA), Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa Almeida Pinto da Silva
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy (LSSCA), Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rabello Crisma
- Laboratory of Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Laboratory of Haematology, Department of Clinical and Toxicologic Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Javier Hernandez-Blazquez
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy (LSSCA), Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana P de Melo
- Department of Basic and Environmental Sciences, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Lorena, Brazil
| | - Barbara Bacci
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej Loesch
- Division of Medicine, University College London School of Life and Medical Sciences, Royal Free Campus, United Kingdom
| | - A Augusto Coppi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Reis SRDL, Feres NH, Ignacio-Souza LM, Veloso RV, Arantes VC, Kawashita NH, Colodel EM, Botosso BL, Reis MADB, Latorraca MQ. Nutritional recovery with a soybean diet after weaning reduces lipogenesis but induces inflammation in the liver in adult rats exposed to protein restriction during intrauterine life and lactation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:781703. [PMID: 25892856 PMCID: PMC4393912 DOI: 10.1155/2015/781703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of postweaning nutritional recovery with a soybean flour diet on de novo hepatic lipogenesis and inflammation in adult rats exposed to protein restriction during intrauterine life and lactation. Rats from mothers fed with protein (casein) in a percentage of 17% (control, C) or 6% (low, L) during pregnancy and lactation were fed with diet that contained 17% casein (CC and LC groups, resp.) or soybean (CS and LS groups, resp.) after weaning until 90 days of age. LS and CS rats had low body weight, normal basal serum triglyceride levels, increased ALT concentrations, and high HOMA-IR indices compared with LC and CC rats. The soybean diet reduced PPARγ as well as malic enzyme and citrate lyase contents and activities. The lipogenesis rate and liver fat content were lower in LS and CS rats relative to LC and CC rats. TNFα mRNA and protein levels were higher in LS and CS rats than in LC and CC rats. NF-κB mRNA levels were lower in the LC and LS groups compared with the CC and LC groups. Thus, the soybean diet prevented hepatic steatosis at least in part through reduced lipogenesis but resulted in TNFα-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Regina de Lima Reis
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Naoel Hassan Feres
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Leticia Martins Ignacio-Souza
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Roberto Vilela Veloso
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Arantes
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Nair Honda Kawashita
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Laet Botosso
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Marise Auxiliadora de Barros Reis
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Márcia Queiroz Latorraca
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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Cappelli AP, Zoppi CC, Barbosa-Sampaio HC, Costa JM, Protzek AO, Morato PN, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM. Taurine-induced insulin signalling improvement of obese malnourished mice is associated with redox balance and protein phosphatases activity modulation. Liver Int 2014; 34:771-83. [PMID: 23998525 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obese protein malnourished mice display liver insulin resistance and taurine (TAU) seems to attenuate this effect. The association between early-life malnutrition and hepatic redox balance in diet-induced insulin resistance is unknown. We investigated TAU supplementation effects upon liver redox state and insulin signalling in obese protein malnourished mice. METHODS Weaned male C57BL-6 mice were fed a control (14% protein - C) or a protein-restricted diet (6% protein - R) for 6 weeks. Afterwards, mice received a high-fat diet (34% fat - HFD) for 8 weeks (CH - RH). Half of the HFD-mice were supplemented with TAU (5%) throughout the treatment (CHT - RHT). Body and tissues' weight, respiratory quotient (RQ), glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, hepatic oxidant and antioxidant markers and insulin cascade proteins were assessed. RESULTS Protein restriction leads to typical features whereas HFD was able to induce a catch-up growth in RH. HFD-groups showed higher energy intake and adiposity, lower energy expenditure and altered RQ. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were impaired in HFD-groups and TAU attenuated these effects. H2 O2 content was increased in CHT and RHT despite no differences in antioxidant enzymes and GSH concentration. AKT and PTEN phosphorylation were significantly increased in CHT but not in RHT. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence for an association between TAU-induced improved glycaemic control because of PTEN inactivation and higher AKT phosphorylation. These effects seem to be related with altered hepatic redox balance in obese mice, and this effect is impaired by protein malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Cappelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Mukai Y, Sun Y, Sato S. Azuki bean polyphenols intake during lactation upregulate AMPK in male rat offspring exposed to fetal malnutrition. Nutrition 2012; 29:291-7. [PMID: 23022120 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal malnutrition is an early-life inducer of dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. The aim of this study was to examine whether maternal azuki bean (Vigna angularis) polyphenol (AP) intake during lactation affects the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and lipid metabolism in offspring exposed to fetal malnutrition. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a control diet offered during gestation and lactation (CC), a low-protein diet during gestation and a control diet during lactation (LPC); and a low-protein diet during gestation and a 1.0% AP-containing control diet during lactation (LPAP). Male pups were randomly selected for the study; half the pups were sacrificed at 3 wk of age and the other half were fed a standard diet and sacrificed at 23 wk. Hepatic triacylglycerol levels, phosphorylation levels of AMPK and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) were evaluated. RESULTS Significant decreases in body weights and hepatic triacylglycerol levels were found in the LPAP compared with the LPC group. Plasma adiponectin levels in the LPAP group were higher than those in the LPC group. AMPK phosphorylation was upregulated in the livers and skeletal muscles in young and adult LPAP compared with LPC rats. ACC phosphorylation was upregulated in skeletal muscles of LPAP rats. SREBP-1c mRNA expression was decreased in the livers of LPAP rats. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that maternal AP intake during lactation upregulates AMPK phosphorylation not only in young but also in adult offspring exposed to fetal malnutrition and may lead to decreased hepatic lipid accumulation by ACC phosphorylation and downregulation of SREBP-1c expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuka Mukai
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan.
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Marcel AK, Ekali LG, Eugene S, Arnold OE, Sandrine ED, von der Weid D, Gbaguidi E, Ngogang J, Mbanya JC. The effect of Spirulina platensis versus soybean on insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients: a randomized pilot study. Nutrients 2011; 3:712-24. [PMID: 22254118 PMCID: PMC3257696 DOI: 10.3390/nu3070712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED HIV-infected patients develop abnormalities of glucose metabolism due to the virus and antiretroviral drugs. Spirulina and soybean are nutritional supplements that are cheap, accessible in our community and affect glucose metabolism. We carried out a randomized study to assess the effect of Spirulina platensis versus soybean as a food supplement on HIV/HAART-associated insulin resistance (IR) in 33 insulin-resistant HIV-infected patients. The study lasted for two months at the National Obesity Centre of Cameroon. Insulin resistance was measured using the short insulin tolerance test. Physical activity and diet did not change over the study duration. On-treatment analysis was used to analyze data. The Mann-Whitney U test, the Students T test and the Chi square test were used as appropriate. Curve gradients were analyzed using ANCOVA. Seventeen subjects were randomized to spirulina and 16 to soybean. Each received 19 g of supplement daily. The follow up rate was 65% vs. 100% for spirulina and soybean groups, respectively, and both groups were comparable at baseline. After eight weeks, insulin sensitivity (IS) increased by 224.7% vs. 60% in the spirulina and soybean groups respectively (p < 0.001). One hundred per cent vs. 69% of subjects on spirulina versus soybean, respectively, improved their IS (p = 0.049) with a 1.45 (1.05-2.02) chance of improving insulin sensitivity on spirulina. This pilot study suggests that insulin sensitivity in HIV patients improves more when spirulina rather than soybean is used as a nutritional supplement. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01141777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azabji-Kenfack Marcel
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Melen Street, Cameroon; (E.D.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Loni G. Ekali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Melen Street, Cameroon; (L.G.E.); (S.E.); (O.E.A.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Sobngwi Eugene
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Melen Street, Cameroon; (L.G.E.); (S.E.); (O.E.A.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Onana E. Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Melen Street, Cameroon; (L.G.E.); (S.E.); (O.E.A.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Edie D. Sandrine
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Melen Street, Cameroon; (E.D.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Denis von der Weid
- Antenna Technologies Foundation, Rue de Neuchâtel 29 1201 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | | | - Jeanne Ngogang
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Melen Street, Cameroon; (E.D.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Jean C. Mbanya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Melen Street, Cameroon; (L.G.E.); (S.E.); (O.E.A.); (J.C.M.)
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