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Hu YM, Liu XC, Hu L, Dong ZW, Yao HY, Wang YJ, Zhao WJ, Xiang YK, Liu Y, Wang HB, Yin QK. Inhibition of the ATR-DNAPKcs-RB axis drives G1/S-phase transition and sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to DNA holliday junctions. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116310. [PMID: 38788960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) is a promising strategy in oncotherapy, as most tumor cells are sensitive to excess damage due to their repair defects. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and RAD3-related protein (ATR) is a damage response signal transduction sensor, and its therapeutic potential in tumor cells needs to be precisely investigated. Herein, we identified a new axis that could be targeted by ATR inhibitors to decrease the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNAPKcs), downregulate the expression of the retinoblastoma (RB), and drive G1/S-phase transition. Four-way DNA Holliday junctions (FJs) assembled in this process could trigger S-phase arrest and induce lethal chromosome damage in RB-positive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Furthermore, these unrepaired junctions also exerted toxic effects to RB-deficient TNBC cells when the homologous recombination repair (HRR) was inhibited. This study proposes a precise strategy for treating TNBC by targeting the DDR and extends our understanding of ATR and HJ in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Miao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xue-Cun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, China
| | - Hong-Ying Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yu-Ke Xiang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Qi-Kun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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2
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Qu H, Wang Y, Yan Q, Fan C, Zhang X, Wang D, Guo C, Chen P, Shi L, Liao Q, Zhou M, Wang F, Zeng Z, Xiang B, Xiong W. CircCDYL2 bolsters radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by promoting RAD51 translation initiation for enhanced homologous recombination repair. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:122. [PMID: 38654320 PMCID: PMC11036759 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy stands to be one of the primary approaches in the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, a malignancy predominantly treated with radiation therapy, provides an invaluable model for investigating the mechanisms underlying radiation therapy resistance in cancer. While some reports have suggested the involvement of circRNAs in modulating resistance to radiation therapy, the underpinning mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression level of circCDYL2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue samples. The effect of circCDYL2 on radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. The HR-GFP reporter assay determined that circCDYL2 affected homologous recombination repair. RNA pull down, RIP, western blotting, IF, and polysome profiling assays were used to verify that circCDYL2 promoted the translation of RAD51 by binding to EIF3D protein. RESULTS We have identified circCDYL2 as highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, and it was closely associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that circCDYL2 plays a pivotal role in promoting radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our investigation unveils a specific mechanism by which circCDYL2, acting as a scaffold molecule, recruits eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit D protein (EIF3D) to the 5'-UTR of RAD51 mRNA, a crucial component of the DNA damage repair pathway to facilitate the initiation of RAD51 translation and enhance homologous recombination repair capability, and ultimately leads to radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish a novel role of the circCDYL2/EIF3D/RAD51 axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy resistance. Our work not only sheds light on the underlying molecular mechanism but also highlights the potential of circCDYL2 as a therapeutic sensitization target and a promising prognostic molecular marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongke Qu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Pan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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3
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Nifontova G, Charlier C, Ayadi N, Fleury F, Karaulov A, Sukhanova A, Nabiev I. Photonic Crystal Surface Mode Real-Time Imaging of RAD51 DNA Repair Protein Interaction with the ssDNA Substrate. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38248420 PMCID: PMC10813746 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Photonic crystals (PCs) are promising tools for label-free sensing in drug discovery screening, diagnostics, and analysis of ligand-receptor interactions. Imaging of PC surface modes has emerged as a novel approach to the detection of multiple binding events at the sensor surface. PC surface modification and decoration with recognition units yield an interface providing the highly sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers, antibodies, and oligonucleotides. The RAD51 protein plays a central role in DNA repair via the homologous recombination pathway. This recombinase is essential for the genome stability and its overexpression is often correlated with aggressive cancer. RAD51 is therefore a potential target in the therapeutic strategy for cancer. Here, we report the designing of a PC-based array sensor for real-time monitoring of oligonucleotide-RAD51 recruitment by means of surface mode imaging and validation of the concept of this approach. Our data demonstrate that the designed biosensor ensures the highly sensitive multiplexed analysis of association-dissociation events and detection of the biomarker of DNA damage using a microfluidic PC array. The obtained results highlight the potential of the developed technique for testing the functionality of candidate drugs, discovering new molecular targets and drug entities. This paves the way to further adaption and bioanalytical use of the biosensor for high-content screening to identify new DNA repair inhibitor drugs targeting the RAD51 nucleoprotein filament or to discover new molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Nifontova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Cap Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Cathy Charlier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, IMPACT Platform and SFR Bonamy, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Nizar Ayadi
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, DNA Repair Group, 44000 Nantes, France; (N.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Fabrice Fleury
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, DNA Repair Group, 44000 Nantes, France; (N.A.); (F.F.)
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alyona Sukhanova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Cap Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Cap Santé, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia;
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 143025 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115522 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Wu Y, Chen S, Shao Y, Su Y, Li Q, Wu J, Zhu J, Wen H, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Chen X, Ju X, Huang S, Wu X, Hu Z. KLF5 Promotes Tumor Progression and Parp Inhibitor Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304638. [PMID: 37702443 PMCID: PMC10625120 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
One major characteristic of tumor cells is the aberrant activation of epigenetic regulatory elements, which remodel the tumor transcriptome and ultimately promote cancer progression and drug resistance. However, the oncogenic functions and mechanisms of ovarian cancer (OC) remain elusive. Here, super-enhancer (SE) regulatory elements that are aberrantly activated in OC are identified and it is found that SEs drive the relative specific expression of the transcription factor KLF5 in OC patients and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi)-resistant patients. KLF5 expression is associated with poor outcomes in OC patients and can drive tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, KLF5 forms a transcriptional complex with EHF and ELF3 and binds to the promoter region of RAD51 to enhance its transcription, strengthening the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. Notably, the combination of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and olaparib significantly inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of PARPi-resistant OC cells with high KLF5. In conclusion, it is discovered that SEs-driven KLF5 is a key regulatory factor in OC progression and PARPi resistance; and potential therapeutic strategies for OC patients with PARPi resistance and high KLF5 are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiangchun Wu
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Xingzhu Ju
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhixiang Hu
- Department of Gynecologic OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsInternational Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and MetabolismInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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5
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Deng M, Tan J, Fan Z, Pham LV, Zhu F, Fang X, Zhao H, Young K, Xu B. The synergy of the XPO1 inhibitors combined with the BET inhibitor INCB057643 in high-grade B-cell lymphoma via downregulation of MYC expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18554. [PMID: 37899423 PMCID: PMC10613613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (HGBCL-DH) represents an uncommon B-cell lymphoma (BCL) with aggressive clinical courses and poor prognosis. Despite revolutionary therapeutic advances in BCL, there has been limited treatment progress in HGBCL-DH, thus necessitating additional therapeutic strategies for HGBCL-DH. This study demonstrated that the BET antagonist INCB057643 synergized with the XPO1 inhibitors (selinexor and eltanexor) to decrease cell viability and increase cell apoptosis in HGBCL-DH cells with or without TP53 mutations. As anticipated, the combined treatment of INCB057643 with selinexor slowed tumor growth and reduced the tumor burden in TP53-mutated HGBCL-DH xenografts. Mechanistically, MYC functional inhibition was a potential molecular mechanism underlying the synergy of the combined INCB057643 and selinexor treatment in HGBCL-DH cells independent of TP53 mutation status. In TP53 mutated HGBCL-DH cells, inducing DNA damage and impairing the DNA damage response (DDR) were involved in the therapeutic interaction of the combined regimen. In TP53 wild-type cells, the molecular mechanism was linked with upregulation of p53 levels and activation of its targeted pathways, rather than dysregulation of the DDR. Collectively, we might provide a potential promising combination therapy regimen for the management of HGBCL-DH. Clinical evaluations are warranted to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jinshui Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ziying Fan
- Department of Hematology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Lan V Pham
- Phamacyclics, an Abbvie Company, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China.
| | - Kenh Young
- Division of Hematopathology and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, No.55, Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China.
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6
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Gong C, Wu J, Song W, Li H, Shi C, Gao Y, Shi Z, Li Z, Zhang M. Enhanced efficacy of combined fluzoparib and chidamide targeting in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2845-2855. [PMID: 37500898 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) presents an onerous challenge, and a search for new therapeutic targets is urgently needed. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) were initially used to treat breast and ovarian cancers with BRCA1/2 mutations. Their excellent antitumor efficacy led to a series of clinical trials conducted in other malignancies. However, the exploration of PARPi and their potential use in combination treatments for NKTCL remains unexplored. We treated NKTCL cell lines with fluzoparib (a novel inhibitor of PARP) and chidamide (a classical inhibitor of HDACs) to explore their cytotoxic effects in vitro. Then, their antitumor efficacy in vivo was confirmed in YT-luciferin xenograft mouse models. Fluzoparib or chidamide alone inhibited NKTCL cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Cotreatment with both drugs synergistically induced excessive accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and massive apoptotic cell death by inhibiting the DNA damage repair pathway, as shown by the decreased protein levels of p-ATM, p-BRCA1, p-ATR, and Rad51. Moreover, the combination treatment apparently increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to enhance apoptosis, and pretreatment with an ROS scavenger reduced the proapoptotic effect by 30-60% in NKTCL cell lines. In vivo, this combined regimen also showed synergistic antitumor effects in xenograft mouse models. The combination of fluzoparib and chidamide showed synergistic effects against NKTCL both in vitro and in vivo and deserves further exploration in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhuo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunzhen Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou, China.
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7
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Previtali V, Myers SH, Poppi L, Wynne K, Casamassima I, Girotto S, Di Stefano G, Farabegoli F, Roberti M, Oliviero G, Cavalli A. Preomic profile of BxPC-3 cells after treatment with BRC4. J Proteomics 2023; 288:104983. [PMID: 37536521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BRCA2 and RAD51 are two proteins that play a central role in homologous recombination (HR) and DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. BRCA2 assists RAD51 fibrillation and defibrillation through binding with its eight BRC repeats, with BRC4 being one of the most efficient and best characterized. RAD51 inactivation by small molecules has been proposed as a strategy to impair BRCA2/RAD51 binding and, ultimately, the HR pathway, with the aim of making cancer cells more sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). This strategy, which mimics a synthetic lethality (SL) approach, has been successfully performed in vitro by using the myristoylated derivative of BRC4 (myr-BRC4), designed for a more efficient cell entry. The present study applies a method to obtain a proteomic fingerprint after cellular treatment with the myr-BRC4 peptide using a mass spectroscopy (MS) proteomic approach. (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042696.) We performed a comparative proteomic profiling of the myr-BRC4 treated vs. untreated BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells and evaluated the differential expression of proteins. Among the identified proteins, we focused our attention on proteins shared by both the RAD51 and the BRCA2 interactomes, and on those whose reduction showed high statistical significance. Three downregulated proteins were identified (FANCI, FANCD2, and RPA3), and protein downregulation was confirmed through immunoblotting analysis, validating the MS approach. Our results suggest that, being a direct consequence of myr-BRC4 treatment, the detection of FANCD2, FANCI, and RPA3 downregulation could be used as an indicator for monitoring HR impairment. SIGNIFICANCE: RAD51's inhibition has gained increasing attention because of its possible implications in personalized medicine through the SL approach. Chemical disruption of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between RAD51 and BRCA2, or some of its partner proteins, could potentiate PARPi DNA damage-induced cell death. This could have application for difficult to treat cancers, such as BRCA-competent and olaparib (PARPi) resistant pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Despite RAD51 being a widely studied target, researchers still lack detailed mechanistic information. This has stifled progress in the field with only a few RAD51 inhibitors having been identified, none of which have gained regulatory approval. Nevertheless, the peptide BRC4 is one of the most specific and best characterized RAD51 binder and inhibitor reported to date. Our study is the first to report the proteomic fingerprint consequent to cellular treatment of myr-BRC4, to offer a reference for the discovery of specific protein/pathway alterations within DNA damage repair. Our results suggest that, being a direct consequence of myr-BRC4 treatment, and ultimately ofBRCA2/RAD51 disruption, the detection of FANCD2, FANCI, and RPA3 downregulation could be used as an indicator for monitoring DNA damage repair impairment and therefore be used to potentiate the development of new effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Previtali
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Samuel H Myers
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Poppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Irene Casamassima
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Girotto
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Structural Biophysics and Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Di Stefano
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fulvia Farabegoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Oliviero
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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8
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Luo SC, Yeh MC, Lien YH, Yeh HY, Siao HL, Tu IP, Chi P, Ho MC. A RAD51-ADP double filament structure unveils the mechanism of filament dynamics in homologous recombination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4993. [PMID: 37591853 PMCID: PMC10435448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent RAD51 recombinases play an essential role in eukaryotic homologous recombination by catalyzing a four-step process: 1) formation of a RAD51 single-filament assembly on ssDNA in the presence of ATP, 2) complementary DNA strand-exchange, 3) ATP hydrolysis transforming the RAD51 filament into an ADP-bound disassembly-competent state, and 4) RAD51 disassembly to provide access for DNA repairing enzymes. Of these steps, filament dynamics between the ATP- and ADP-bound states, and the RAD51 disassembly mechanism, are poorly understood due to the lack of near-atomic-resolution information of the ADP-bound RAD51-DNA filament structure. We report the cryo-EM structure of ADP-bound RAD51-DNA filaments at 3.1 Å resolution, revealing a unique RAD51 double-filament that wraps around ssDNA. Structural analysis, supported by ATP-chase and time-resolved cryo-EM experiments, reveals a collapsing mechanism involving two four-protomer movements along ssDNA for mechanical transition between RAD51 single- and double-filament without RAD51 dissociation. This mechanism enables elastic change of RAD51 filament length during structural transitions between ATP- and ADP-states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chi Luo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Yeh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lien
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Yeh
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Lun Siao
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ping Tu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Hernández-Suárez B, Gillespie DA, Dejnaka E, Kupczyk P, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Pawlak A. Studying the DNA damage response pathway in hematopoietic canine cancer cell lines, a necessary step for finding targets to generate new therapies to treat cancer in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1227683. [PMID: 37655260 PMCID: PMC10467447 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dogs present a significant opportunity for studies in comparative oncology. However, the study of cancer biology phenomena in canine cells is currently limited by restricted availability of validated antibody reagents and techniques. Here, we provide an initial characterization of the expression and activity of key components of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) in a panel of hematopoietic canine cancer cell lines, with the use of commercially available antibody reagents. Materials and methods The techniques used for this validation analysis were western blot, qPCR, and DNA combing assay. Results Substantial variations in both the basal expression (ATR, Claspin, Chk1, and Rad51) and agonist-induced activation (p-Chk1) of DDR components were observed in canine cancer cell lines. The expression was stronger in the CLBL-1 (B-cell lymphoma) and CLB70 (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia) cell lines than in the GL-1 (B-cell leukemia) cell line, but the biological significance of these differences requires further investigation. We also validated methodologies for quantifying DNA replication dynamics in hematopoietic canine cancer cell lines, and found that the GL-1 cell line presented a higher replication fork speed than the CLBL-1 cell line, but that both showed a tendency to replication fork asymmetry. Conclusion These findings will inform future studies on cancer biology, which will facilitate progress in developing novel anticancer therapies for canine patients. They can also provide new knowledge in human oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - David A. Gillespie
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ewa Dejnaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kupczyk
- Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Houshyari M, Farhadi M. Mitochondrial metabolism: a predictive biomarker of radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6719-6741. [PMID: 36719474 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Clinical studies revealed a heterogenous response to radiotherapy, from a complete response to even disease progression. To that end, finding the relative prognostic factors of disease outcomes and predictive factors of treatment efficacy and toxicity is essential. It has been demonstrated that radiation response depends on DNA damage response, cell cycle phase, oxygen concentration, and growth rate. Emerging evidence suggests that altered mitochondrial metabolism is associated with radioresistance. METHODS This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of mitochondria in radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. In addition, it demonstrates how mitochondria might be involved in the famous 6Rs of radiobiology. RESULTS In terms of this idea, decreasing the mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells may increase radiation response, and enhancing the mitochondrial metabolism of normal cells may reduce radiation toxicity. Enhancing the normal cells (including immune cells) mitochondrial metabolism can potentially improve the tumor response by enhancing immune reactivation. Future studies are invited to examine the impacts of mitochondrial metabolism on radiation efficacy and toxicity. Improving radiotherapy response with diminishing cancer cells' mitochondrial metabolism, and reducing radiotherapy toxicity with enhancing normal cells' mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Houshyari
- Clinical Oncology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Zhang Y, Gu W, Shao Y. The therapeutic targets of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications on tumor radioresistance. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:141. [PMID: 37522921 PMCID: PMC10390431 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an important tool for malignant tumors, and its tolerance needs to be addressed. In recent years, several studies have shown that regulators of aberrant m6A methylation play an important role in the formation, development and invasion and metastasis of tumors. A large number of studies have confirmed aberrant m6A methylation as a new target for tumour therapy, but research on whether it can play a role in tumor sensitivity to radiotherapy has not been extensive and thorough enough. Recent studies have shown that all three major enzymes of m6A methylation have significant roles in radioresistance, and that the enzymes that play a role differ in different tumor types and by different mechanisms, including regulating tumor cell stemness, affecting DNA damage and repair, and controlling the cell cycle. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of m6A methylation in the radiotherapy of malignant tumors is essential to counteract radioresistance, improve the efficacy of radiotherapy, and even propose targeted treatment plans for specific tumors. The latest research progress on m6A methylation and radioresistance is reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Wendong Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| | - Yingjie Shao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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12
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Minteer CJ, Thrush K, Gonzalez J, Niimi P, Rozenblit M, Rozowsky J, Liu J, Frank M, McCabe T, Sehgal R, Higgins-Chen AT, Hofstatter E, Pusztai L, Beckman K, Gerstein M, Levine ME. More than bad luck: Cancer and aging are linked to replication-driven changes to the epigenome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4163. [PMID: 37467337 PMCID: PMC10355820 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a leading risk factor for cancer. While it is proposed that age-related accumulation of somatic mutations drives this relationship, it is likely not the full story. We show that aging and cancer share a common epigenetic replication signature, which we modeled using DNA methylation from extensively passaged immortalized human cells in vitro and tested on clinical tissues. This signature, termed CellDRIFT, increased with age across multiple tissues, distinguished tumor from normal tissue, was escalated in normal breast tissue from cancer patients, and was transiently reset upon reprogramming. In addition, within-person tissue differences were correlated with predicted lifetime tissue-specific stem cell divisions and tissue-specific cancer risk. Our findings suggest that age-related replication may drive epigenetic changes in cells and could push them toward a more tumorigenic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyra Thrush
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine,
New Haven, CT, USA
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San
Diego, CA, USA
| | - John Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine,
New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Niimi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine,
New Haven, CT, USA
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San
Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mariya Rozenblit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of
Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Rozowsky
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and
Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and
Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mor Frank
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and
Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas McCabe
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine,
New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raghav Sehgal
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine,
New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Erin Hofstatter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of
Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lajos Pusztai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of
Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth Beckman
- Biomedical Genomics Center, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and
Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Morgan E. Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine,
New Haven, CT, USA
- San Diego Institute of Science, Altos Labs, San
Diego, CA, USA
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13
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Zhao M, Zhou G, Wang J, Zhang Y, Xue J, Liu J, Xie J, Ren L, Zhou X. MiR-5622-3p inhibits ZCWPW1 to induce apoptosis in silica-exposed mice and spermatocyte cells. Nanotoxicology 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37315217 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2223632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) could cause damage to spermatogenesis, and microRNAs were reported to be associated with male reproduction. This research was designed to explore the toxic impacts of SiNPs induced in male reproduction through miR-5622-3p. In vivo, 60 mice were randomized into the control group and SiNPs group, in which they were exposed to SiNPs for 35 days and then recovered for 15 days. In vitro, 4 groups were set: control group, SiNPs group, SiNPs + miR-5622-3p inhibitor group, and SiNPs + miR-5622-3p inhibitor negative control (NC) group. Our research indicated SiNPs caused the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, increased level of γ-H2AX, raised the expressions of RAD51, DMC1, 53BP1, and LC8 which were DNA damage repair relative factors, and upregulated Cleaved-Caspase-9 and Cleaved-Caspase-3 levels. Furthermore, SiNPs also elevated the expression of miR-5622-3p but downregulated the level of ZCWPW1. However, miR-5622-3p inhibitor reduced the level of miR-5622-3p, increased the level of ZCWPW1, relieved DNA damage, and depressed the activation of apoptosis pathway, thus, alleviating spermatogenic cells apoptosis caused by SiNPs. The above-mentioned results indicated that SiNPs induced DNA damage resulting in activating of DNA damage response. Meanwhile, SiNPs raised the level of miR-5622-3p targeting inhibited expression of ZCWPW1 to suppress the repair process, possibly making DNA damage so severe that leading to the failure of DNA damage repair, finally inducing the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moxuan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Xue
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Xie
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Ren
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Lafranconi M, Anderson J, Budinsky R, Corey L, Forsberg N, Klapacz J, LeBaron MJ. An integrated assessment of the 1,4-dioxane cancer mode of action and threshold response in rodents. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:105428. [PMID: 37277058 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is an environmental contaminant that has been shown to cause cancer in rodents after chronic high dose exposures. We reviewed and integrated information from recently published studies to update our understanding of the cancer mode of action of 1,4-dioxane. Tumor development in rodents from exposure to high doses of 1,4-dioxane is preceded by pre-neoplastic events including increased hepatic genomic signaling activity related to mitogenesis, elevation of Cyp2E1 activity and oxidative stress leading to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. These events are followed by regenerative repair and proliferation and eventual development of tumors. Importantly, these events occur at doses that exceed the metabolic clearance of absorbed 1,4-dioxane in rats and mice resulting in elevated systemic levels of parent 1,4-dioxane. Consistent with previous reviews, we found no evidence of direct mutagenicity from exposure to 1,4-dioxane. We also found no evidence of CAR/PXR, AhR or PPARα activation resulting from exposure to 1,4-dioxane. This integrated assessment supports a cancer mode of action that is dependent on exceeding the metabolic clearance of absorbed 1,4-dioxane, direct mitogenesis, elevation of Cyp2E1 activity and oxidative stress leading to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity followed by sustained proliferation driven by regenerative repair and progression of heritable lesions to tumor development.
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15
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Zhao Y, Lin X, Zeng W, Qin X, Miao B, Gao S, Liu J, Li Z. Berberine inhibits the progression of renal cell carcinoma cells by regulating reactive oxygen species generation and inducing DNA damage. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08381-w. [PMID: 37217616 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid that has been shown to have antitumor properties in a growing number of studies. However, its role in renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. This study investigates berberine's effect and mechanism in renal cell carcinoma. METHODS The methyl-tetrazolium, colony formation, and lactate dehydrogenase assay were used to detect proliferation and cytotoxicity, respectively. Flow cytometry, caspase-Glo 3/7 assay, and adenosine triphosphate assay were used to detect apoptosis and the adenosine triphosphate levels. Wound healing and transwell assay were used to examine the migration ability of renal cell carcinoma cells. Besides, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was explored using a DCFH-DA-based kit. Additionally, western blot and Immunofluorescence assay was taken to determine the levels of relative proteins. RESULTS In vitro, our findings indicated that the proliferation and migration of renal cell carcinoma cells treated with berberine in various concentrations were inhibited, while the level of ROS and apoptosis rate were increased. Furthermore, The results of western blot showed that the expression of Bax, Bad, Bak, Cyto c, Clv-Caspase 3, Clv-Caspase 9, E-cadherin, TIMP-1and γH2AX were up-regulated, while Bcl-2, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Rad51 and PCNA were down-regulated after treating with berberine with various concentration. CONCLUSION The result of this study revealed that berberine inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression via regulating ROS generation and inducing DNA break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghua Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingzhang Qin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Bailiang Miao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Yang B, Zhang W, Sun L, Lu B, Yin C, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Creatine kinase brain-type regulates BCAR1 phosphorylation to facilitate DNA damage repair. iScience 2023; 26:106684. [PMID: 37182100 PMCID: PMC10173731 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) is an essential metabolic enzyme mediating creatine/phosphocreatine interconversion and shuttle to replenish ATP for energy needs. Ablation of CK causes a deficiency in energy supply that eventually results in reduced muscle burst activity and neurological disorders in mice. Besides the well-established role of CK in energy-buffering, the mechanism underlying the non-metabolic function of CK is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that creatine kinase brain-type (CKB) may function as a protein kinase to regulate BCAR1 Y327 phosphorylation that enhances the association between BCAR1 and RBBP4. Then the complex of BCAR1 and RPPB4 binds to the promoter region of DNA damage repair gene RAD51 and activates its transcription by modulating histone H4K16 acetylation to ultimately promote DNA damage repair. These findings reveal the possible role of CKB independently of its metabolic function and depict the potential pathway of CKB-BCAR1-RBBP4 operating in DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Le Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Changsong Yin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author
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17
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Bai Y, He J, Ma Y, Liang H, Li M, Wu Y. Identification of DNA repair gene signature and potential molecular subtypes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1180722. [PMID: 37260986 PMCID: PMC10227583 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1180722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair is a critical factor in tumor progression as it impacts tumor mutational burden, genome stability, PD-L1 expression, immunotherapy response, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). In this study, we present a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that utilizes genes related to the DNA damage response (DDR). Patients were stratified based on their risk score, and groups with lower risk scores demonstrated better survival rates compared to those with higher risk scores. The prognostic model's accuracy in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for HCC patients was analyzed using receiver operator curve analysis (ROC). Results showed good accuracy in predicting survival rates. Additionally, we evaluated the prognostic model's potential as an independent factor for HCC prognosis, along with tumor stage. Furthermore, nomogram was employed to determine the overall survival year of patients with HCC based on this independent factor. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that in the high-risk group, apoptosis, cell cycle, MAPK, mTOR, and WNT cascades were highly enriched. We used training and validation datasets to identify potential molecular subtypes of HCC based on the expression of DDR genes. The two subtypes differed in terms of checkpoint receptors for immunity and immune cell filtration capacity.Collectively, our study identified potential biomarkers of HCC prognosis, providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Panjin Liaoyou Baoshihua Hospital, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinyun He
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, Panjin Liaoyou Baoshihua Hospital, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanquan Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Panjin Liaoyou Baoshihua Hospital, Liaoning, China
| | - He Liang
- Department of integrated Chinese and Western medicine, Panjin Liaoyou Baoshihua Hospital, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Li
- Fuxin Municipal Discipline Inspection Commission, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of rheumatology and immunology, Panjin Liaoyou Baoshihua Hospital, Liaoning, China
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18
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Tsujimoto A, Matsuo N, Lai X, Inoue T, Yoda H, Lin J, Shinozaki Y, Watanabe T, Koshikawa N, Takatori A, Nagase H. Use of DNA-alkylating pyrrole-imidazole polyamides for anti-cancer drug sensitivity screening in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5821-5832. [PMID: 36262061 PMCID: PMC10028039 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating mutations of the KRAS occurs in >90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases. However, direct pharmacological targeting of the activated KRAS protein has been challenging. We previously reported that KR12, a DNA-alkylating pyrrole-imidazole polyamide designed to recognize the KRAS G12D/V mutation, showed an anti-tumor effect in colorectal cancer. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor effect of KR12 in PDAC. METHODS KR12 was synthesized by an automated peptide synthesizer PSSM-8 and tested for anti-tumor effect in PDAC mouse models. RESULT KR12 inhibited tumor growth in a spontaneous PDAC mouse model, although the anti-tumor activity appeared to be limited in a human PDAC xenograft model. We developed a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide screening process based on the hypothesis that genetic elements otherwise unaffected by KR12 could exert attenuating effects on KRAS-suppression-resistant PDAC. We identified RAD51 as a potential therapeutic target in human PDAC cells. A RAD51 inhibitor showed an inhibitory effect on cell growth and affected the cytotoxic activity of KR12 in PDAC cells. CONCLUSION These data suggested that the simultaneous inhibition of RAD51 and mutant KRAS blockage would be an important therapeutic strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tsujimoto
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Niina Matsuo
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Xiaoyi Lai
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoda
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jason Lin
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Watanabe
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takatori
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagase
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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19
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2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone inhibits homologous recombination repair in osteosarcoma through the MYC-CHK1-RAD51 axis. Mol Med 2023; 29:15. [PMID: 36717782 PMCID: PMC9887913 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that usually affects adolescents aged 15-19 y. The DNA damage response (DDR) is significantly enhanced in osteosarcoma, impairing the effect of systemic chemotherapy. Targeting the DDR process was considered a feasible strategy benefitting osteosarcoma patients. However, the clinical application of DDR inhibitors is not impressive because of their side effects. Chinese herbal medicines with high anti-tumor effects and low toxicity in the human body have gradually gained attention. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (HMA), a Chinese medicine monomer found in the extract of Oldenlandia diffusa, exerts significant inhibitory effects on various tumors. However, its anti-osteosarcoma effects and defined molecular mechanisms have not been reported. METHODS After HMA treatment, the proliferation and metastasis capacity of osteosarcoma cells was detected by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell assays and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining. RNA-sequence, plasmid infection, RNA interference, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to investigate the molecular mechanism and effects of HMA inhibiting osteosarcoma. Rescue assay and CHIP assay was used to further verified the relationship between MYC, CHK1 and RAD51. RESULTS HMA regulate MYC to inhibit osteosarcoma proliferation and DNA damage repair through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The results of RNA-seq, IHC, Western boltting etc. showed relationship between MYC, CHK1 and RAD51. Rescue assay and CHIP assay further verified HMA can impair homologous recombination repair through the MYC-CHK1-RAD51 pathway. CONCLUSION HMA significantly inhibits osteosarcoma proliferation and homologous recombination repair through the MYC-CHK1-RAD51 pathway, which is mediated by the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. This study investigated the exact mechanism of the anti-osteosarcoma effect of HMA and provided a potential feasible strategy for the clinical treatment of human osteosarcoma.
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20
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Yuan S, Zuo W, Liu T, Fu H. The Therapeutic Synergy of Selinexor and Venetoclax in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Through Induction of DNA Damage and Perturbation of the DNA Damage Response. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231208608. [PMID: 37880950 PMCID: PMC10605683 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231208608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) can be stratified into blastoid and classical subtypes based on morphological features, with the former subtype having a poorer prognosis. Despite recent advances in targeted approaches, including multiple bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors which yield impressive clinical responses and improve prognoses, MCL remains an incurable disease with frequent relapses. Additional therapeutic interventions are therefore unmet medical needs for the management of patients with MCL. Methods: Cell viability and apoptosis assays were employed to analyze the therapeutic interaction of venetoclax combined with selinexor in MCL cells. Western blot was used to investigate the potential mechanism of action for the synergy of venetoclax in combination with selinexor in MCL cells. Results: In this study, we revealed that both blastoid and classical MCL cells were vulnerable to the cytotoxic effects of selinexor, a well-established XPO1 inhibitor, manifested by loss of cell viability and induction of cell apoptosis. Moreover, our data indicated that the addition of venetoclax to selinexor showed synergistically decreased cell viabilities and increased cell deaths in blastoid and classical MCL cells compared to each single drug treatment. Either selinexor or venetoclax treatment alone decreased MCL1 expressions and increased BAX levels in MCL cells, and these effects were further enhanced by their combined regimen. Mechanistically, our findings demonstrated that induction of DNA damage and inactivation of DNA damage response were involved in the synergistic interaction of the drug combination regimen. Conclusion: Collectively, this study might provide a potential attractive therapy option for the treatment of MCL. However, the conclusion needs additional experimental validation in in vivo models and clinical evaluations are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huan Fu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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21
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Shimakawa K, Ochiai K, Hirose S, Tanabe E, Michishita M, Sakaue M, Yoshikawa Y, Morimatsu M, Tajima T, Watanabe M, Tanaka Y. Canine Mammary Tumor Cell Lines Derived from Metastatic Foci Show Increased RAD51 Expression but Diminished Radioresistance via p21 Inhibition. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120703. [PMID: 36548864 PMCID: PMC9784702 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high incidence of mammary tumors in dogs, it is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of these tumors in veterinary medicine. Radiation therapy is often used to treat mammary tumors that target DNA lesions. RAD51 is a key molecule that repairs DNA damage via homologous recombination. We examined the relationship between RAD51 expression and radiosensitivity in mammary tumor cell lines. CHMp and CHMm from the same individual were selected based on the differences in RAD51 expression. The radiosensitivity of both cell lines was examined using MTT and scratch assays; CHMm, which has high RAD51 expression, showed higher sensitivity to radiation than CHMp. However, the nuclear focus of RAD51 during DNA repair was formed normally in CHMp, but not in most of CHMm. Since irradiation resulted in the suppression of cell cycle progression in CHMp, the expression of p21, a cell cycle regulatory factor, was detected in CHMp after 15 Gy irradiation but not in CHMm. These results indicate that functional expression is more important than the quantitative expression of RAD51 in canine mammary tumor cells in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shimakawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-422-31-4151
| | - Sachi Hirose
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Eri Tanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Motoharu Sakaue
- Laboratory of Anatomy II, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yasunaga Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tajima
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, School of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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22
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Zhong NS, Tong WL, Zhang Y, Xiao SN, Liu JM, Li AA, Yao GL, Lin Q, Liu ZL. HELQ suppresses migration and proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells by repairing DNA damage and inducing necrosis. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:188-200. [PMID: 36183369 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
HELQ plays a key role in DNA damage response and cell-cycle checkpoint regulation. It has been implicated in ovarian and pituitary tumors and may play a role in germ cell maintenance. This study investigated the role of HELQ in lung cancer. The expression of HELQ in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was downregulated compared with normal human lungs. Clinical prognostic analysis of Kaplan-Meier plots revealed that patients with NSCLC with low HELQ levels had a reduced overall survival. Further, we found that HELQ depletion enhanced lung cancer cell malignancy. Furthermore, overexpression of HELQ in lung cancer cells reduced cell migration in vitro, while DNA damage repair was inhibited. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HELQ induces cell death. Mechanistically, we found that cells overexpressing HELQ showed a tendency to induce necrosis. After analyzing the database of HELQ interactors. we found that RIPK3 may interact with it and proved this conclusion by immunoprecipitation. Our findings identified the tumor suppressive role of HELQ in malignant human lung cancer and unraveled a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment through HELQ activation. Moreover, HELQ may also be a predictive biomarker for the clinical predisposition, progression, and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shan Zhong
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lai Tong
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Shi Ning Xiao
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ming Liu
- Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - An An Li
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Ge Liang Yao
- Medical Innovation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi Li Liu
- Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
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23
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Samadaei M, Senfter D, Madlener S, Uranowska K, Hafner C, Trauner M, Rohr‐Udilova N, Pinter M. Targeting DNA repair to enhance the efficacy of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1663-1673. [PMID: 36271841 PMCID: PMC9828257 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The multityrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib remains an important systemic treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signaling pathways, which are targeted by sorafenib, are involved in checkpoint and DNA repair response, RAD51 being a candidate protein. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of the human RAD51 inhibitor B02 in combination with sorafenib in human HCC cells. Impact of RAD51 expression on HCC patient survival was evaluated by an in silico approach using Human Protein Atlas dataset. Cell viability of HUH7, AKH12, AKH13, and 3P was assessed by neutral red assay. To measure the cytotoxicity, we quantified loss of membrane integrity by lactate dehydrogenase release. We also employed colony formation assay and hanging drop method to assess clonogenic and invasive ability of HCC cell lines upon sorafenib and B02 treatment. Cell cycle distribution and characterization of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. In silico approach revealed that HCC patients with higher expression of RAD51 messenger RNA had a significantly shorter overall survival. The RAD51 inhibitor B02 alone and in combination with sorafenib significantly reduced viability, colony formation ability, and invasion capacity of HCC cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the combination of both agents reduces the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase while leading to an accumulating in the subG1 phase. The RAD51 inhibitor B02 seems to be a promising agent for HCC treatment and enhances the antitumor effects of sorafenib in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahzeiar Samadaei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group ViennaDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Senfter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMolecular Neuro‐Oncology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMolecular Neuro‐Oncology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karolina Uranowska
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. PoeltenKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesSt. PoeltenAustria,Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. PoeltenKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesSt. PoeltenAustria,Karl Landsteiner Institute of Dermatological ResearchKarl Landsteiner GesellschaftSt. PoeltenAustria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nataliya Rohr‐Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group ViennaDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Pinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group ViennaDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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24
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Hill RM, Rocha S, Parsons JL. Overcoming the Impact of Hypoxia in Driving Radiotherapy Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4130. [PMID: 36077667 PMCID: PMC9454974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is very common in most solid tumours and is a driving force for malignant progression as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. Incidences of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have increased in the last decade and radiotherapy is a major therapeutic technique utilised in the treatment of the tumours. However, effectiveness of radiotherapy is hindered by resistance mechanisms and most notably by hypoxia, leading to poor patient prognosis of HNSCC patients. The phenomenon of hypoxia-induced radioresistance was identified nearly half a century ago, yet despite this, little progress has been made in overcoming the physical lack of oxygen. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia and the underpinning radiobiological response of tumours to this phenotype is much needed. In this review, we will provide an up-to-date overview of how hypoxia alters molecular and cellular processes contributing to radioresistance, particularly in the context of HNSCC, and what strategies have and could be explored to overcome hypoxia-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna M. Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Clatterbridge Road, Bebington CH63 4JY, UK
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25
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PAK6 promotes homologous-recombination to enhance chemoresistance to oxaliplatin through ATR/CHK1 signaling in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:658. [PMID: 35902562 PMCID: PMC9334622 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains the primary challenge of clinical treatment of gastric cancer (GC), making the biomarkers of chemoresistance crucial for treatment decision. Our previous study has reported that p21-actived kinase 6 (PAK6) is a prognostic factor for selecting which patients with GC are resistant to 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin chemotherapy. However, the mechanistic role of PAK6 in chemosensitivity remains unknown. The present study identified PAK6 as an important modulator of the DNA damage response (DDR) and chemosensitivity in GC. Analysis of specimens from patients revealed significant associations between the expression of PAK6 and poorer stages, deeper invasion, more lymph node metastases, higher recurrence rates, and resistance to oxaliplatin. Cells exhibited chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin after knockdown of PAK6, but showed more resistant to oxaliplatin when overexpressing PAK6. Functionally, PAK6 mediates cancer chemoresistance by enhancing homologous recombination (HR) to facilitate the DNA double-strand break repair. Mechanistically, PAK6 moves into nucleus to promote the activation of ATR, thereby further activating downstream repair protein CHK1 and recruiting RAD51 from cytoplasm to the DNA damaged site to repair the broken DNA in GC. Activation of ATR is the necessary step for PAK6 mediated HR repair to protect GC cells from oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis, and ATR inhibitor (AZD6738) could block the PAK6-mediated HR repair, thereby reversing the resistance to oxaliplatin and even promoting the sensitivity to oxaliplatin regardless of high expression of PAK6. In conclusion, these findings indicate a novel regulatory mechanism of PAK6 in modulating the DDR and chemoresistance in GC and provide a reversal suggestion in clinical decision.
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26
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Wang Z, Jia R, Wang L, Yang Q, Hu X, Fu Q, Zhang X, Li W, Ren Y. The Emerging Roles of Rad51 in Cancer and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2022; 12:935593. [PMID: 35875146 PMCID: PMC9300834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.935593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways are emerging hallmarks of cancer. Accurate DNA repairs and replications are essential for genomic stability. Cancer cells require residual DNA repair capabilities to repair the damage from replication stress and genotoxic anti-tumor agents. Defective DNA repair also promotes the accumulation of genomic changes that eventually lead to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and therapeutic resistance to DNA-damaging anti-tumor agents. Rad51 recombinase is a critical effector of homologous recombination, which is an essential DNA repair mechanism for double-strand breaks. Rad51 has been found to be upregulated in many malignant solid tumors, and is correlated with poor prognosis. In multiple tumor types, Rad51 is critical for tumor metabolism, metastasis and drug resistance. Herein, we initially introduced the structure, expression pattern of Rad51 and key Rad51 mediators involved in homologous recombination. Additionally, we primarily discussed the role of Rad51 in tumor metabolism, metastasis, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Chest Hospital & Tenth People’s Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Renxiang Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Chest Hospital & Tenth People’s Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Chest Hospital & Tenth People’s Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohai Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenya Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Ren, ; Wenya Li,
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Chest Hospital & Tenth People’s Hospital, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Ren, ; Wenya Li,
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27
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Tissue-Based Markers as a Tool to Assess Response to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116040. [PMID: 35682714 PMCID: PMC9181431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to current guidelines, the current treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant therapy, followed by a total mesorectal excision. However, radiosensitivity tends to differ among patients due to tumor heterogeneity, making it difficult to predict the possible outcomes of the neoadjuvant therapy. This review aims to investigate different types of tissue-based biomarkers and their capability of predicting tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. We identified 169 abstracts in NCBI PubMed, selected 48 reports considered to meet inclusion criteria and performed this systematic review. Multiple classes of molecular biomarkers, such as proteins, DNA, micro-RNA or tumor immune microenvironment, were studied as potential predictors for rectal cancer response; nonetheless, no literature to date has provided enough sufficient evidence for any of them to be introduced into clinical practice.
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Kelm JM, Samarbakhsh A, Pillai A, VanderVere-Carozza PS, Aruri H, Pandey DS, Pawelczak KS, Turchi JJ, Gavande NS. Recent Advances in the Development of Non-PIKKs Targeting Small Molecule Inhibitors of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850883. [PMID: 35463312 PMCID: PMC9020266 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cancer patients receive DNA-damaging drugs or ionizing radiation (IR) during their course of treatment, yet the efficacy of these therapies is tempered by DNA repair and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. Aberrations in DNA repair and the DDR are observed in many cancer subtypes and can promote de novo carcinogenesis, genomic instability, and ensuing resistance to current cancer therapy. Additionally, stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks present a unique challenge to the double-strand DNA break (DSB) repair system. Of the various inducible DNA lesions, DSBs are the most lethal and thus desirable in the setting of cancer treatment. In mammalian cells, DSBs are typically repaired by the error prone non-homologous end joining pathway (NHEJ) or the high-fidelity homology directed repair (HDR) pathway. Targeting DSB repair pathways using small molecular inhibitors offers a promising mechanism to synergize DNA-damaging drugs and IR while selective inhibition of the NHEJ pathway can induce synthetic lethality in HDR-deficient cancer subtypes. Selective inhibitors of the NHEJ pathway and alternative DSB-repair pathways may also see future use in precision genome editing to direct repair of resulting DSBs created by the HDR pathway. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the development of inhibitors of the non-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (non-PIKKs) members of the NHEJ, HDR and minor backup SSA and alt-NHEJ DSB-repair pathways. The inhibitors described within this review target the non-PIKKs mediators of DSB repair including Ku70/80, Artemis, DNA Ligase IV, XRCC4, MRN complex, RPA, RAD51, RAD52, ERCC1-XPF, helicases, and DNA polymerase θ. While the DDR PIKKs remain intensely pursued as therapeutic targets, small molecule inhibition of non-PIKKs represents an emerging opportunity in drug discovery that offers considerable potential to impact cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Kelm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Amirreza Samarbakhsh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Athira Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Hariprasad Aruri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Deepti S. Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - John J. Turchi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States,NERx Biosciences, Indianapolis, IN, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Navnath S. Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Navnath S. Gavande, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2413-0235
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The PARP1 Inhibitor Niraparib Represses DNA Damage Repair and Synergizes with Temozolomide for Antimyeloma Effects. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2800488. [PMID: 35422863 PMCID: PMC9005285 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2800488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is necessary for single-strand break (SSB) repair by sensing DNA breaks and facilitating DNA repair through poly ADP-ribosylation of several DNA-binding and repair proteins. Inhibition of PARP1 results in collapsed DNA replication fork and double-strand breaks (DSBs). Accumulation of DSBs goes beyond the capacity of DNA repair response, ultimately resulting in cell death. This work is aimed at assessing the synergistic effects of the DNA-damaging agent temozolomide (TMZ) and the PARP inhibitor niraparib (Nira) in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Materials and Methods MM RPMI8226 and NCI-H929 cells were administered TMZ and/or Nira for 48 hours. CCK-8 was utilized for cell viability assessment. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected flow-cytometrically. Immunofluorescence was performed for detecting γH2A.X expression. Soft-agar colony formation assay was applied to evaluate the antiproliferative effect. The amounts of related proteins were obtained by immunoblot. The combination index was calculated with the CompuSyn software. A human plasmacytoma xenograft model was established to assess the anti-MM effects in vivo. The anti-MM activities of TMZ and/or Nira were evaluated by H&E staining, IHC, and the TUNEL assay. Results The results demonstrated that cotreatment with TMZ and Nira promoted DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic death in cultured cells but also reduced MM xenograft growth in nude mice, yielding highly synergistic effects. Immunoblot revealed that TMZ and Nira cotreatment markedly increased the expression of p-ATM, p-CHK2, RAD51, and γH2A.X, indicating the suppression of DNA damage response (DDR) and elevated DSB accumulation. Conclusion Inhibition of PARP1 sensitizes genotoxic agents and represents an important therapeutic approach for MM. These findings provide preliminary evidence for combining PARP1 inhibitors with TMZ for MM treatment.
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Spasic J, Cavic M, Stanic N, Zaric B, Kovacevic T, Radosavljevic D, Nagorni-Obradovic L. Low-Cost Genetic and Clinical Predictors of Response and Toxicity of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221111666. [PMID: 35783235 PMCID: PMC9247378 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate for the first time whether certain genetic and
clinical factors could serve as minimally invasive predictors of survival
and toxicity to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced lung
adenocarcinoma. Methods The study included 121 advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with
platinum-based dublets until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Response
was evaluated using standard radiological methods and toxicity graded
according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)
v5.0. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Statistical significance was
set at P < .05. Results No significant influence of the examined polymorphisms on the occurrence of
high-grade toxicity was detected. However, TP53 72Pro allele carriers were
more prone to nausea (P = .037) and thrombocytopenia (P = .051). Anemia and
neuropathy occurred more frequently in XRCC1 399Arg allele carriers (Pearson
χ2 test, P = .025 and P = .004 respectively). RAD51 135CC carriers were
significantly more prone to neutropenia (P = .027). Conclusions A set of easily determined genetic and clinical predictors of survival and
specific toxicity profiles of platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced lung
adenocarcinoma were determined in this study, which might be useful for the
construction of population-specific, time- and cost-efficient prognostic and
predictive algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Spasic
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stanic
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Serbia
| | - Bojan Zaric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.,Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Tomi Kovacevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia.,Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Serbia
| | | | - Ljudmila Nagorni-Obradovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Serbia
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Liu Z, Huang J, Jiang Q, Li X, Tang X, Chen S, Jiang L, Fu G, Liu S. miR-125a attenuates the malignant biological behaviors of cervical squamous cell carcinoma cells through Rad51. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8503-8514. [PMID: 35332852 PMCID: PMC9161904 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), the most common cervical malignancy, is more likely to invade and metastasize than other cervical cancers. miR-125a, a tumor suppressor gene, has been confirmed to be associated with cancer metastasis. However, the role of miR-125a in CSCC and the underlying mechanism are unknown. miR-125a expression was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and the Rad51 expression level was measured by western blotting analysis. CSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed with functional assays, including CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays. Our data confirmed that miR-125a is expressed at low levels in CSCC tissues and cells. Functionally, the overexpression of miR-125a greatly prevented the proliferation, migration and invasion of CSCC cells, and the inhibition of miR-125a expression strongly enhanced these behaviors in CSCC cells. Moreover, the expression of Rad51, a miR-125a target gene, greatly reversed the miR-125-mediated inhibition of CSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, we discovered that miR-125a downregulated the levels of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT and mTOR through Rad51 in CSCC cells. miR-125a, a tumor suppressor, can attenuate the malignant behaviors of CSCC cells by targeting Rad51. Therefore, the miR-125a/Rad51 axis might be a target for CSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Jinchang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiuju Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Shasha Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Liling Jiang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Genghua Fu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan, China
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Parsa FG, Nobili S, Karimpour M, Aghdaei HA, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Mini E. Fanconi Anemia Pathway in Colorectal Cancer: A Novel Opportunity for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030396. [PMID: 35330396 PMCID: PMC8950345 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and has the second highest mortality rate globally. Thanks to the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, several novel candidate genes have been proposed for CRC susceptibility. Germline biallelic mutations in one or more of the 22 currently recognized Fanconi anemia (FA) genes have been associated with Fanconi anemia disease, while germline monoallelic mutations, somatic mutations, or the promoter hypermethylation of some FANC genes increases the risk of cancer development, including CRC. The FA pathway is a substantial part of the DNA damage response system that participates in the repair of DNA inter-strand crosslinks through homologous recombination (HR) and protects genome stability via replication fork stabilization, respectively. Recent studies revealed associations between FA gene/protein tumor expression levels (i.e., FANC genes) and CRC progression and drug resistance. Moreover, the FA pathway represents a potential target in the CRC treatment. In fact, FANC gene characteristics may contribute to chemosensitize tumor cells to DNA crosslinking agents such as oxaliplatin and cisplatin besides exploiting the synthetic lethal approach for selective targeting of tumor cells. Hence, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the function of the FA pathway in DNA repair and genomic integrity with a focus on the FANC genes as potential predisposition factors to CRC. We then introduce recent literature that highlights the importance of FANC genes in CRC as promising prognostic and predictive biomarkers for disease management and treatment. Finally, we represent a brief overview of the current knowledge around the FANC genes as synthetic lethal therapeutic targets for precision cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghorbani Parsa
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran; (F.G.P.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mina Karimpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran;
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran; (F.G.P.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17413, Iran
- Correspondence: (E.N.-M.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.N.-M.); (E.M.)
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Cytoprotective Activity of Polyamines Is Associated with the Alternative Splicing of RAD51A Pre-mRNA in Normal Human CD4 + T Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031863. [PMID: 35163785 PMCID: PMC8837172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological polyamines are ubiquitous polycations with pleiotropic biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression and cell proliferation as well as modulation of cell signaling. They can also decrease DNA damage and promote cell survival. In the present study, we demonstrated that polyamines have cytoprotective effects on normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes but not on cancer Jurkat or K562 cells. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with polyamines resulted in a significant reduction in cells with DNA damage induced by doxorubicin, cisplatin, or irinotecan, leading to an increase in cell survival and viability. The induction of RAD51A expression was in response to DNA damage in both cancer and normal cells. However, in normal cells, putrescin pretreatment resulted in alternative splicing of RAD51A and the switch of the predominant expression from the splice variant with the deletion of exon 4 to the full-length variant. Induction of RAD51A alternative splicing by splice-switching oligonucleotides resulted in a decrease in DNA damage and cell protection against cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The results of this study suggest that the cytoprotective activity of polyamines is associated with the alternative splicing of RAD51A pre-mRNA in normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes. The difference in the sensitivity of normal and cancer cells to polyamines may become the basis for the use of these compounds to protect normal lymphocytes during lymphoblastic chemotherapy.
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Qiu M, Tu L, Zhao M, Yang M, Qi J, Xie Y, Gu J. Ataxia-televangelist mutated (ATM)/ ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR)-mediated RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) promotes osteogenic differentiation and inhibits osteoclastogenesis in osteoporosis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4201-4211. [PMID: 35176943 PMCID: PMC8974111 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2026729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that significantly affects the quality of life and can even lead to death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. We analyzed differentially expressed genes using microarray analysis. The osteogenic differentiation capability was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining assays. Osteogenesis and osteoclast related genes expression was detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. The phosphorylation of Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR) was tested using Western blotting. The effect of RAD51 on osteoporosis was also explored in vivo. The results showed that RAD51 was downregulated in osteoporosis, but upregulated in differentiated osteoblasts. Overexpression of RAD51 enhanced the differentiation of osteoblasts and suppressed the formation of osteoclasts. Furthermore, p-ATM and p-ATR levels were upregulated in osteoblasts and downregulated in osteoclasts. RAD51 expression was reduced by the ATM/ATR pathway inhibitor AZ20. AZ20 treatment inhibited osteoblastogenesis and promoted osteoclastogenesis, whereas RAD51 reversed the effects induced by AZ20. Moreover, RAD51 improved bone microarchitecture in vivo. Taken together, ATM/ATR signaling-mediated RAD51 promoted osteogenic differentiation and suppressed osteoclastogenesis. These findings reveal a critical role for RAD51 in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liudan Tu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjing Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingcan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Fang S, Zhang P, Chen X, Liu F, Wang F. Lanthanum Chloride Sensitizes Cisplatin Resistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells via PI3K/Akt Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:776876. [PMID: 34977076 PMCID: PMC8714849 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.776876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study manifested that lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) can enhance the anticancer ability of cisplatin (DDP) in ovarian cancer cells. Here, ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP were subjected to DDP and LaCl3. Cell viability, apoptosis, DNA repair, and PI3K/Akt pathway were detected. LaCl3 induced more cell death and apoptosis caused by DDP in two cell lines, accompanied by upregulation of Bax and Cleaved caspase 3 proteins, and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein. LaCl3 also could decrease RAD51 protein by inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. These data indicated that LaCl3 could be a potential drug to modulate DDP resistance by inactivating of PI3K/Akt pathway and attenuating DNA repair in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fujun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Fang ZS, Zhang Z, Liang ZJ, Long ZR, Xiao Y, Liang ZY, Sun X, Li HM, Huang H. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation-Related Genes Associated with Tumor Grade and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bioinformatic Study. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9671-9679. [PMID: 34934344 PMCID: PMC8684409 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s342602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study was to identify the association between tumor grade and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)-related genes, and to generate a LLPS-related gene-based risk index (LLPSRI) as a prognostic tool for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Weighted gene correlation network analysis was performed to test whether the LLPS-related gene modules were associated with tumor grade of HCC. The candidate modules were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. We generated a LLPSRI using the expression profiles of the hub genes among the candidate modules in order to identify patients at high risk. Then, the biological characteristics of the high-risk patients were revealed using gene set enrichment analysis. Additionally, an independent external data set was used to validate the LLPSRI. Results Four gene modules showed a significant positive correlation with tumor grade and involved various cancer-related pathways. Among the hub genes, six were selected to generate the LLPSRI, which was significantly associated with prognosis of HCC patients. The LLPSRI could successfully divide patients with HCC into high- and low-risk groups, and patients in the high-risk group showed shorter overall survival than those in the low-risk group. E2F, MYC, and mTORC1 signaling may be important determinants of survival in the high-risk group. The prognostic value of the LLPSRI was validated with the independent external data set. Conclusion We identified LLPS-related gene modules that are associated with HCC tumor grade. The LLPSRI may be useful as a prognostic marker of HCC, and it may reliably stratify patients into groups at low or high risk of worse survival. Our analysis also suggests that certain biological characteristics of HCC may be associated with high risk of worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Shan Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liang
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Rong Long
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yin Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mian Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530199, People's Republic of China
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Treatment of Radiation Bone Injury with Transplanted hUCB-MSCs via Wnt/ β-Catenin. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5660927. [PMID: 34876908 PMCID: PMC8645406 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5660927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bone injury (RIBI) is one of the complications after radiotherapy for malignant tumors. However, there are no effective measures for the treatment of RIBI in clinical practice, and the mechanism of RIBI is unclear. We use a single high-dose ionizing radiation (6Gy) to analyze the effect of radiotherapy on osteoblast function. Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) were cocultured with irradiated osteoblasts to examine their therapeutic effects and mechanisms on osteoblast injury. The hUCB-MSC transplantation mouse model is used to confirm the in vivo role of hUCB-MSC treatment in radiation bone injury. Western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze gene expression and angiogenesis. The apoptosis and migration of osteoblasts were measured by Hoechst staining, scratch test, and transwell. The differentiation of osteoblasts was measured by ALP and Alizarin red staining and transmission electron microscopy. The bone-related parameters of mice were evaluated by micro-CT analysis. We found that radiation can damage the DNA of osteoblasts; induce apoptosis; reduce the differentiation, migration, and adhesion of osteoblasts, leading to lipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and reducing the source of osteoblasts; and increase the number of osteoclasts in bone tissue, while MSC treatment prevents these changes. Our results reveal the inhibitory effect of radiation on osteoblast function. hUCB-MSCs can be used as a therapeutic target for the development of new therapeutic strategies for radiotherapy of bone injury diseases.
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Wu Z, Zhu L, Mai J, Shen H, Xu R. Rad51 Silencing with siRNA Delivered by Porous Silicon-Based Microparticle Enhances the Anti-Cancer Effect of Doxorubicin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2351-2363. [PMID: 34974858 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to its high heterogeneity and aggressiveness, cytotoxic chemotherapy is still a mainstay treatment for triple negative breast cancer. Unfortunately, the above mentioned has not significantly ameliorated TNBC patients and induces drug resistance. Exploring the mechanisms underlying the chemotherapy sensitivity of TNBC and developing novel sensitization strategies are promising approaches for improving the prognosis of patients. Rad51, a key regulator of DNA damage response pathway, repairs DNA damage caused by genotoxic agents through "homologous recombination repair." Therefore, Rad51 inhibition may increase TNBC cell sensitivity to anticancer agents. Based on these findings, we first designed Rad51 siRNA to inhibit the Rad51 protein expression in vitro and evaluated the sensitivity of TNBC cells to doxorubicin. Subsequently, we constructed discoidal porous silicon microparticles (pSi) and encapsulated discoidal 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes/siRad51 (PS-DOPC/siRad51) to explore the synergistic antitumor effects of siRad51 and doxorubicin on two mouse models of TNBC in vivo. Our in vitro studies indicated that siRad51 enhanced the efficacy of DOX chemotherapy and significantly suppressed TNBC cell proliferation and metastasis. This effect was related to apoptosis induction and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition. siRad51 altered the expression of apoptosis- and EMT-related proteins. In orthotopic and lung metastasis xenograft models, the administration of PS-DOPC/siRad51 in combination with DOX significantly alleviated the primary tumor burden and lung metastasis, respectively. Our current studies present an efficient strategy to surmount chemotherapy resistance in TNBC through microvector delivery of siRad51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430061, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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EGFR-mediated Rad51 expression potentiates intrinsic resistance in prostate cancer via EMT and DNA repair pathways. Life Sci 2021; 286:120031. [PMID: 34627777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the role of EGFR signaling in regulation of intrinsic resistance in prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radioresistant prostate carcinoma DU145 and PC-3 cells were used to study the effect of shRNA-mediated knockdown of EGFR on intrinsic radioresistance mechanisms. Semi-quantitative PCR, western blotting, growth kinetics, colony formation, transwell migration, invasion and trypan blue assays along with inhibitors erlotinib, NU7441, B02, PD98059 and LY294002 were used. KEY FINDINGS EGFR knock-down induced morphological alterations along with reduction in clonogenic potential and cell proliferation in DU145 cells. Migratory potential of prostate cancer cells were reduced concomitant with upregulation of epithelial marker, E-cadherin and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers, vimentin and snail. Further, EGFR knock-down decreased the expression of Rad51 and DNA-PK at mRNA as well as protein levels. Likewise, erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, and NU7441, a DNA-PK inhibitor increased the expression of E-cadherin and decreased the level of vimentin. Both these inhibitors also decreased the levels of DNA damage regulatory protein Rad51. Further, Rad51 inhibitor, B02, inhibited the clonogenic potential, cell migration and reduced the expression of vimentin, Ku70 and Ku80, and also, B02 radiosensitized DU145 cells. EGFR-regulated expression of Rad51 was found to be mediated via PI3K/Akt and Erk1/2 pathways. SIGNIFICANCE EGFR was found to regulate DNA damage repair, survival and EMT responses in prostate cancer cells through transcriptional regulation of Rad51. A novel role of EGFR-Erk1/2/Akt-Rad51 axis through modulation of EMT and DNA repair pathways in prostate cancer resistance mechanisms is suggested.
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Han Y, Hu X, Yun X, Liu J, Yang J, Tian Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang X. Nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 enhances chemoresistance through DNA damage repair pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by binding with RAD51. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1083. [PMID: 34782617 PMCID: PMC8593035 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) is an essential regulator of mitotic progression, spindle assembly, and chromosome attachment. Although NUSAP1 acts as an oncogene involved in the progression of several cancers, the exact role of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains elusive. Herein, we first discovered obvious overexpression of NUSAP1 in CLL associated with poor prognosis. Next, the NUSAP1 level was modulated by transfecting CLL cells with lentivirus. Silencing NUSAP1 inhibited the cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest. Mechanistically, high expression of NUSAP1 strengthened DNA damage repairing with RAD51 engagement. Our results also indicated that NUSAP1 knockdown suppressed the growth CLL cells in vivo. We further confirmed that NUSAP1 reduction enhanced the sensitivity of CLL cells to fludarabine or ibrutinib. Overall, our research investigates the mechanism by which NUSAP1 enhances chemoresistance via DNA damage repair (DDR) signaling by stabilizing RAD51 in CLL cells. Hence, NUSAP1 may be expected to be a perspective target for the treatment of CLL with chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Xinting Hu
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Xiaoya Yun
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Juan Yang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Zheng Tian
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
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Li Y, Kardell MB, Wang F, Wang L, Zhu S, Bessho T, Peng A. The Sm core components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins promote homologous recombination repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 108:103244. [PMID: 34768043 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA Double strand breaks (DSBs) are highly hazardous to the cell, and are repaired predominantly via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Using DSB-mimicking DNA templates, our proteomic studies identified a group of Sm core proteins of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) as potential DSB-associated proteins. We further confirmed that these Sm proteins were recruited to laser-induced DNA damage sites, and co-localized with established DNA damage repair factors. Depletion of Sm-D3 or Sm-B induced accumulation of γ-H2AX, and impaired the repair efficiency of HR, but not NHEJ. Furthermore, disruption of Sm-D3 reduced the protein level of HR factors, especially RAD51 and CHK1, but caused no change in the expression of repair factors involved in NHEJ. Mechanistically, Sm-D3 proteins bound RAD51, suppressed the ubiquitination of RAD51, and mediated the stabilization of RAD51; Sm-D3 depletion particularly impacted the level of RAD51 and CHK1 on damaged chromatin. As such, our studies characterized a role of Sm proteins in HR repair, via a new mechanism that is distinct from their conventional functions in RNA processing and gene regulation, but consistent with their direct recruitment to DNA damage sites and association with repair factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Li
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mary Bridget Kardell
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Songli Zhu
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aimin Peng
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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Meng X, Lou QY, Yang WY, Wang YR, Chen R, Wang L, Xu T, Zhang L. The role of non-coding RNAs in drug resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma and therapeutic potential. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:981-1006. [PMID: 34289530 PMCID: PMC8504146 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the eighth most prevalent cancer in the world, arises from the interaction of multiple factors including tobacco, alcohol consumption, and betel quid. Chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and paclitaxel have now become the first-line options for OSCC patients. Nevertheless, most OSCC patients eventually acquire drug resistance, leading to poor prognosis. With the discovery and identification of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), the functions of dysregulated ncRNAs in OSCC development and drug resistance are gradually being widely recognized. The mechanisms of drug resistance of OSCC are intricate and involve drug efflux, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, DNA damage repair, and autophagy. At present, strategies to explore the reversal of drug resistance of OSCC need to be urgently developed. Nano-delivery and self-cellular drug delivery platforms are considered as effective strategies to overcome drug resistance due to their tumor targeting, controlled release, and consistent pharmacokinetic profiles. In particular, the combined application of new technologies (including CRISPR systems) opened up new horizons for the treatment of drug resistance of OSCC. Hence, this review explored emerging regulatory functions of ncRNAs in drug resistance of OSCC, elucidated multiple ncRNA-meditated mechanisms of drug resistance of OSCC, and discussed the potential value of drug delivery platforms using nanoparticles and self-cells as carriers in drug resistance of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yue Lou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ying Yang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Rong Wang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Lab. of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
- Department of Periodontology, Anhui Stomatology Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P. R. China
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Chen CC, Chen CY, Cheng SF, Shieh TM, Leu YL, Chuang WY, Liu KT, Ueng SH, Shih YH, Chou LF, Wang TH. Hydroxygenkwanin Increases the Sensitivity of Liver Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy by Inhibiting DNA Damage Response in Mouse Xenograft Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189766. [PMID: 34575923 PMCID: PMC8471855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules involved in DNA damage response (DDR) are often overexpressed in cancer cells, resulting in poor responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although treatment efficacy can be improved with the concomitant use of DNA repair inhibitors, the accompanying side effects can compromise the quality of life of patients. Therefore, in this study, we identified a natural compound that could inhibit DDR, using the single-strand annealing yeast-cell analysis system, and explored its mechanisms of action and potential as a chemotherapy adjuvant in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines using comet assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and functional analyses. We developed a mouse model to verify the in vitro findings. We found that hydroxygenkwanin (HGK) inhibited the expression of RAD51 and progression of homologous recombination, thereby suppressing the ability of the HCC cell lines to repair DNA damage and enhancing their sensitivity to doxorubicin. HGK inhibited the phosphorylation of DNA damage checkpoint proteins, leading to apoptosis in the HCC cell lines. In the mouse xenograft model, HGK enhanced the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to doxorubicin without any physiological toxicity. Thus, HGK can inhibit DDR in liver cancer cells and mouse models, making it suitable for use as a chemotherapy adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-H.U.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ting Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32551, Taiwan
| | - Shir-Hwa Ueng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-Y.C.); (S.-H.U.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-F.C.); (T.-H.W.)
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-L.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-F.C.); (T.-H.W.)
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Chen J, Mai H, Chen H, Zhou B, Hou J, Jiang DK. Pan-Cancer Analysis Identified C1ORF112 as a Potential Biomarker for Multiple Tumor Types. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:693651. [PMID: 34490347 PMCID: PMC8416665 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.693651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
C1ORF112 is an evolutionarily conserved gene across vertebrates. Over the last decade, studies have suggested that C1ORF112 may play a role in tumorigenesis. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, we explored the role of C1ORF112 across various tumor types in this study. In most tumor types, C1ORF112 expression was increased in tumor tissues compared to corresponding non-tumor tissues. In patients with certain tumor types, higher C1ORF112 expression was correlated with shorter overall survival, disease-free survival, and progression-free survival. Further analyses of C1ORF112 genetic alteration data showed that C1ORF112 amplification and mutations may have an impact on liver hepatocellular carcinoma and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma prognosis. In cancers including lower grade glioma and adrenocortical carcinoma, C1ORF112 expression was linked to cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration. Gene Ontology analysis showed that C1ORF112 was co-expressed with genes involved in biological processes such as cell cycle and mitotic regulation. The protein interaction network demonstrated that C1ORF112 physically interacted with RAD51, DMC1, and FIGNL1, which have well characterized functions in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. This pan-cancer study revealed the prognostic value and oncogenic role of C1ORF112 across multiple tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Institute of Liver Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Molinaro C, Martoriati A, Cailliau K. Proteins from the DNA Damage Response: Regulation, Dysfunction, and Anticancer Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3819. [PMID: 34359720 PMCID: PMC8345162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to genotoxic stress through a series of complex protein pathways called DNA damage response (DDR). These monitoring mechanisms ensure the maintenance and the transfer of a correct genome to daughter cells through a selection of DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and programmed cell death processes. Canonical or non-canonical DDRs are highly organized and controlled to play crucial roles in genome stability and diversity. When altered or mutated, the proteins in these complex networks lead to many diseases that share common features, and to tumor formation. In recent years, technological advances have made it possible to benefit from the principles and mechanisms of DDR to target and eliminate cancer cells. These new types of treatments are adapted to the different types of tumor sensitivity and could benefit from a combination of therapies to ensure maximal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.M.); (A.M.)
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Kuchovská E, Gonzalez P, Bláhová L, Barré M, Gouffier C, Cachot J, Roméro-Ramirez A, Bláha L, Morin B. Pesticide mixture toxicity assessment through in situ and laboratory approaches using embryo-larval stages of the pacific oyster (Magallana gigas). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105390. [PMID: 34174543 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Worsened state of oysters in French Arcachon Bay, demand an investigation of possible causes. This study evaluated the effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of five common pesticides on the early-life stages of the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas). Laboratory assays with artificial mixture and in situ transplantation were complementarily used to investigate a series of sublethal endpoints. The laboratory exposure revealed developmental toxicity at 0.32 μg/L, which corresponds to mixture concentrations in Arcachon Bay. Downregulation of some gene transcriptions was observed at environmental level. No difference in larvae development was revealed among the three sites in Arcachon Bay. This study was the first to evaluate locomotion of oyster larvae exposed in situ. Suspected poor water quality in the inner part of Arcachon Bay was reflected by impairment at the molecular level. In conclusion, current concentrations of the tested pesticides in Arcachon Bay hinder larval development and affect several biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Kuchovská
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Lucie Bláhová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mathilde Barré
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | | | - Luděk Bláha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France.
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Qiu S, Jiang G, Cao L, Huang J. Replication Fork Reversal and Protection. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670392. [PMID: 34041245 PMCID: PMC8141627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During genome replication, replication forks often encounter obstacles that impede their progression. Arrested forks are unstable structures that can give rise to collapse and rearrange if they are not properly processed and restarted. Replication fork reversal is a critical protective mechanism in higher eukaryotic cells in response to replication stress, in which forks reverse their direction to form a Holliday junction-like structure. The reversed replication forks are protected from nuclease degradation by DNA damage repair proteins, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51. Some of these molecules work cooperatively, while others have unique functions. Once the stress is resolved, the replication forks can restart with the help of enzymes, including human RECQ1 helicase, but restart will not be considered here. Here, we review research on the key factors and mechanisms required for the remodeling and protection of stalled replication forks in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Guixing Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Feng Y, Wang D, Xiong L, Zhen G, Tan J. Predictive value of RAD51 on the survival and drug responsiveness of ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:249. [PMID: 33952262 PMCID: PMC8097773 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer has greatly endangered and deteriorated female health conditions worldwide. Refinement of predictive biomarkers could enable patient stratification and help optimize disease management. Methods RAD51 expression profile, target-disease associations, and fitness scores of RAD51 were analyzed in ovarian cancer using bioinformatic analysis. To further identify its role, gene enrichment analysis was performed, and a regulatory network was constructed. Survival analysis and drug sensitivity assay were performed to evaluate the effect of RAD51 expression on ovarian cancer prognosis. The predictive value of RAD51 was then confirmed in a validation cohort immunohistochemically. Results Ovarian cancer expressed more RAD51 than normal ovary. RAD51 conferred ovarian cancer dependency and was associated with ovarian cancer. RAD51 had extensive target-disease associations with various diseases, including ovarian cancer. Genes that correlate with and interact with RAD51 were involved in DNA damage repair and drug responsiveness. High RAD51 expression indicated unfavorable survival outcomes and resistance to platinum, taxane, and PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. In the validation cohort (126 patients), high RAD51 expression indicated platinum resistance, and platinum-resistant patients expressed more RAD51. Patients with high RAD51 expression had shorter OS (HR = 2.968, P < 0.0001) and poorer PFS (HR = 2.838, P < 0.0001). RAD51 expression level was negatively correlated with patients’ survival length. Conclusions Ovarian cancer had pronounced RAD51 expression and RAD51 conferred ovarian cancer dependency. High RAD51 expression indicated poor survival and decreased drug sensitivity. RAD51 has predictive value in ovarian cancer and can be exploited as a predictive biomarker. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01953-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Feng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoqi Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Xiong
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Chen S, Liu W, Huang Y. Identification and external validation of a prognostic signature associated with DNA repair genes in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7141. [PMID: 33785812 PMCID: PMC8010105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to construct and validate a DNA repair-related gene signature for evaluating the overall survival (OS) of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Differentially expressed DNA repair genes between GC and normal gastric tissue samples obtained from the TCGA database were identified. Univariate Cox analysis was used to screen survival-related genes and multivariate Cox analysis was applied to construct a DNA repair-related gene signature. An integrated bioinformatics approach was performed to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic value. The prognostic model and the expression levels of signature genes were validated using an independent external validation cohort. Two genes (CHAF1A, RMI1) were identified to establish the prognostic signature and patients ware stratified into high- and low-risk groups. Patients in high-risk group presented significant shorter survival time than patients in the low-risk group in both cohorts, which were verified by the ROC curves. Multivariate analysis showed that the prognostic signature was an independent predictor for patients with GC after adjustment for other known clinical parameters. A nomogram incorporating the signature and known clinical factors yielded better performance and net benefits in calibration plot and decision curve analyses. Further, the logistic regression classifier based on the two genes presented an excellent diagnostic power in differentiating early HCC and normal tissues with AUCs higher than 0.9. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that diverse cancer-related pathways significantly clustered in the high-risk and low-risk groups. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that CHAF1A and RMI1 were correlated with several types of immune cell subtypes. A prognostic signature using CHAF1A and RMI1 was developed that effectively predicted different OS rates among patients with GC. This risk model provides new clinical evidence for the diagnostic accuracy and survival prediction of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Taihe Country, No 59, Tuanjie West Road, Taihe County, Fuyang, 236600, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Taihe Country, No 59, Tuanjie West Road, Taihe County, Fuyang, 236600, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Taihe Country, No 59, Tuanjie West Road, Taihe County, Fuyang, 236600, Anhui Province, China.
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Zhang J, Yang S, Guan H, Zhou J, Gao Y. Xanthatin synergizes with cisplatin to suppress homologous recombination through JAK2/STAT4/BARD1 axis in human NSCLC cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1688-1699. [PMID: 33439503 PMCID: PMC7875932 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthatin (Xa) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene lactone identified from the plant Xanthium L. with impressive antitumor activity, but the role of Xa in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not known. Here we found that Xa inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and induces apoptosis in NSCLC cells. RNA sequencing and Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that Xa significantly activates p53 pathway and suppresses E2F targets, G2M checkpoint and MYC targets in A549 cells. Among these changed genes, the down‐regulated gene BARD1 triggered by Xa was identified as a candidate involved in Xa’s antitumor effect because of its vital role in homologous recombination (HR). Further studies demonstrated that Xa inhibits HR through the BARD1/BRCA1/RAD51 axis, which enhances cell sensitivity to cisplatin. Mechanistic studies showed that Xa inhibits BARD1 through the JAK2/STAT4 pathway. Our study revealed that Xa is a promising drug to treat NSCLC, especially in combination with conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jueyu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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