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Kraler S, Mueller C, Libby P, Bhatt DL. Acute coronary syndromes: mechanisms, challenges, and new opportunities. Eur Heart J 2025:ehaf289. [PMID: 40358623 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2025] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in research and patient management, atherosclerosis and its dreaded acute and chronic sequelae continue to account for one out of three deaths globally. The vast majority of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) arise from either plaque rupture or erosion, but other mechanisms, including calcific nodules, embolism, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary spasm, and microvascular dysfunction, can also cause ACS. This ACS heterogeneity necessitates a paradigm shift in its management that extends beyond the binary interpretation of electrocardiographic and biomarker data. Indeed, given the evolution in the global risk factor profile, the increasing importance of previously underappreciated mechanisms, the evolving appreciation of sex-specific disease characteristics, and the advent of rapidly evolving technologies, a precision medicine approach is warranted. This review provides an update of the mechanisms of ACS, delineates the role of previously underappreciated contributors, discusses sex-specific differences, and explores novel tools for contemporary and personalized management of patients with ACS. Beyond mechanistic insights, it examines evolving imaging techniques, biomarkers, and regression- and machine learning-based approaches for the diagnosis (e.g. CoDE-ACS, MI3) and prognosis (e.g. PRAISE, GRACE, SEX-SHOCK scores) of ACS, along with their implications for future ACS management. A more individualized approach to patients with ACS is advocated, emphasizing the need for innovative studies on emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, which may collectively facilitate clinical decision-making within a more mechanistic framework, thereby personalizing patient care and potentially improving long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
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2
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Davidson CB, El Sabbagh DES, Machado AK, Pappis L, Sagrillo MR, Somacal S, Emanuelli T, Schultz JV, Augusto Pereira da Rocha J, Santos AFD, Fagan SB, Silva IZD, Andreazza AC, Machado AK. Euterpe oleracea Mart. Bioactive Molecules: Promising Agents to Modulate the NLRP3 Inflammasome. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:729. [PMID: 39336156 PMCID: PMC11428631 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a vital mechanism that defends the organism against infections and restores homeostasis. However, when inflammation becomes uncontrolled, it leads to chronic inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is crucial in chronic inflammatory responses and has become a focal point in research for new anti-inflammatory therapies. Flavonoids like catechin, apigenin, and epicatechin are known for their bioactive properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc.), but the mechanisms behind their anti-inflammatory actions remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the ability of various flavonoids (isolated and combined) to modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome using in silico and in vitro models. Computer simulations, such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and MM/GBSA calculations examined the interactions between bioactive molecules and NLRP3 PYD. THP1 cells were treated with LPS + nigericin to activate NLRP3, followed by flavonoid treatment at different concentrations. THP1-derived macrophages were also treated following NLRP3 activation protocols. The assays included colorimetric, fluorometric, microscopic, and molecular techniques. The results showed that catechin, apigenin, and epicatechin had high binding affinity to NLRP3 PYD, similar to the known NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. These flavonoids, particularly at 1 µg/mL, 0.1 µg/mL, and 0.01 µg/mL, respectively, significantly reduced LPS + nigericin effects in both cell types and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine, caspase-1, and NLRP3 gene expression, suggesting their potential as anti-inflammatory agents through NLRP3 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bordin Davidson
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria 97010-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Bioactive Effects, Franciscan University, Santa Maria 97010-030, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Kolinski Machado
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Bioactive Effects, Franciscan University, Santa Maria 97010-030, RS, Brazil
| | - Lauren Pappis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | - Sabrina Somacal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Technology and Food Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia Vaz Schultz
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria 97010-030, RS, Brazil
| | - João Augusto Pereira da Rocha
- Federal Institute of Pará, Bragança Campus, Computational Chemistry and Modeling Laboratory, Bragança 68600-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Solange Binotto Fagan
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria 97010-030, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana Zanella da Silva
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria 97010-030, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Alencar Kolinski Machado
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria 97010-030, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Bioactive Effects, Franciscan University, Santa Maria 97010-030, RS, Brazil
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3
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Nassiri SM, Ahmadi Afshar N, Almasi P. Insight into microRNAs' involvement in hematopoiesis: current standing point of findings. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:282. [PMID: 37794439 PMCID: PMC10552299 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex process in which hematopoietic stem cells are differentiated into all mature blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Different microRNAs (miRNAs) involve in several steps of this process. Indeed, miRNAs are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, which control gene expression by translational inhibition and mRNA destabilization. Previous studies have revealed that increased or decreased expression of some of these miRNAs by targeting several proto-oncogenes could inhibit or stimulate the myeloid and erythroid lineage commitment, proliferation, and differentiation. During the last decades, the development of molecular and bioinformatics techniques has led to a comprehensive understanding of the role of various miRNAs in hematopoiesis. The critical roles of miRNAs in cell processes such as the cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation have been confirmed as well. However, the main contribution of some miRNAs is still unclear. Therefore, it seems undeniable that future studies are required to focus on miRNA activities during various hematopoietic stages and hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahdi Nassiri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Qarib St., Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Ahmadi Afshar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Qarib St., Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Almasi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Qarib St., Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Wang T, Sun H, Lu Z, Jiang W, Dai G, Huang L, Wang M, Zhu C, Wang Y, Hao C, Yan Y, Chen Z. The CARDS toxin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae induces a positive feedback loop of type 1 immune response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054788. [PMID: 36532054 PMCID: PMC9752573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within the past 3-5 years, Mycoplasma pneumoniae has become a major pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in children. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in M. pneumoniae infection have not been fully elucidated. Methods Previous protein microarray studies have shown a differential expression of CXCL9 after M. pneumoniae infection. Here, we conducted a hospital-based study to explore the clinical significance of the type 1 immune response inflammatory factors interferon (IFN)-γ and CXCL9 in patients with M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Then, through in vitro experiments, we explored whether CARDS toxin stimulated F-DCs (dendritic cells incubated with Flt3L) to promote Th-cell differentiation; we also investigated the IFN-γ-induced CXCL9 secretion pathway in macrophages and the role of CXCL9 in promoting Th1 cell migration. Results The CXCL9 expression level was upregulated among patients with a higher fever peak, fever duration of greater than 7 days, an imaging manifestation of lobar or segmental, or combined pleural effusion (P<0.05). The peripheral blood levels of IFN-γ and CXCL9, which were higher in patients than in the healthy control group, were positively correlated with each other (r=0.502, P<0.05). In patients, the CXCL9 expression level was significantly higher in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) than in the peripheral blood, and the BALF CXCL9 expression level was higher than that in the healthy control group (all P<0.05). Our flow cytometry analysis revealed that M1-phenotype macrophages (CD16 + CD64 + CD163-) were predominant in the BALF from children with MPP. In in vitro experiments, F-DCs stimulated with CARDS toxin promoted the differentiation of CD4 + IFN-γ + Th (Th1) cells (P<0.05). Moreover, IFN-γ induced high levels of CXCL9 expression in M1-type macrophages in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Additionally, macrophages transfection with STAT1-siRNA-1 downregulated the expression of CXCL9 (P<0.05), and CXCL9 promoted Th1 cell migration (P<0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that CARDS toxin induces a type 1 immune response positive feedback loop during M. pneumoniae infection; this putative mechanism may be useful in future investigations of immune intervention approaches for M. pneumoniae pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiming Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhitao Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhangjiagang No.1 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wujun Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ge Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Canhong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuangli Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhengrong Chen, ; Yongdong Yan,
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhengrong Chen, ; Yongdong Yan,
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5
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Differential biological responses of adherent and non-adherent (cancer and non-cancerous) cells to variable extremely low frequency magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14225. [PMID: 35987807 PMCID: PMC9392794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) induces biological effects on different cells through various signaling pathways. To study the impact of the ELF-EMF on living cells under an optimal physiological condition, we have designed and constructed a novel system that eliminates several limitations of other ELF-EMF systems. Apoptosis and cell number were assessed by flow cytometry and the Trypan Blue dye exclusion method, respectively. In vitro cell survival was evaluated by colony formation assay. The distribution of cells in the cell cycle, intracellular ROS level, and autophagy were analyzed by flow cytometer. Suspended cells differentiation was assessed by phagocytosis of latex particles and NBT reduction assay. Our results showed that response to the exposure to ELF-EMF is specific and depends on the biological state of the cell. For DU145, HUVEC, and K562 cell lines the optimum results were obtained at the frequency of 0.01 Hz, while for MDA-MB-231, the optimum response was obtained at 1 Hz. Long-term exposure to ELF-EMF in adherent cells effectively inhibited proliferation by arresting the cell population at the cell cycle G2/M phase and increased intracellular ROS level, leading to morphological changes and cell death. The K562 cells exposed to the ELF-EMF differentiate via induction of autophagy and decreasing the cell number. Our novel ELF-EMF instrument could change morphological and cell behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation, and cell death.
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6
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Fras Z, Mikhailidis DP. Have We Learnt all from IMPROVE-IT? Part I. Core Results and Subanalyses on the Effects of Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy Related to Age, Gender and Selected Chronic Diseases (Kidney Disease, Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease). Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:451-468. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161118999200727224946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPROVE-IT (IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial) was
a randomized clinical trial (including 18,144 patients) that evaluated the efficacy of the combination of
ezetimibe with simvastatin vs. simvastatin monotherapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome
(ACS) and moderately increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (of up to 2.6-3.2
mmol/L; 100-120 mg/dL). After 7 years of follow-up, combination therapy resulted in an additional
LDL-C decrease [to 1.8 mmol/L, or 70 mg/dL, within the simvastatin (40 mg/day) monotherapy arm
and to 1.4 mmol/L, or 53 mg/dL for simvastatin (40 mg/day) + ezetimibe (10 mg/day)] and showed an
incremental clinical benefit [composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable
angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary revascularization (≥30 days after randomization), or nonfatal
stroke; hazard ratio (HR) of 0.936, and 95% CI 0.887-0.996, p=0.016]. Therefore, for very high cardiovascular
risk patients “even lower is even better” regarding LDL-C, independently of the LDL-C
reducing strategy. These findings confirm ezetimibe as an option to treat very-high-risk patients who
cannot achieve LDL-C targets with statin monotherapy. Additional analyses of the IMPROVE-IT (both
prespecified and post-hoc) include specific very-high-risk subgroups of patients (those with previous
acute events and/or coronary revascularization, older than 75 years, as well as patients with diabetes
mellitus, chronic kidney disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). The data from IMPROVE-IT also
provide reassurance regarding longer-term safety and efficacy of the intensification of lipid-lowering
therapy in very-high-risk patients resulting in very low LDL-C levels. We comment on the results of
several (sub) analyses of IMPROVE-IT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Fras
- Centre for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Medicine, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Pan CH, Chien SC, Chen CJ, Shih CM, Hsieh MH, Huang CY, Bi WF, Chan CS, Kao YT, Hsiao CY, Chiang SJ, Chiang KH, Huang JH, Liu YR, Luo JD, Huang HY, Wu CH. Circulating level of microRNA-142-5p is a potential biomarker for predicting in-stent restenosis: a case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:77. [PMID: 33557763 PMCID: PMC7869494 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients who receive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have different chances of developing in-stent restenosis (ISR). To date, no predictable biomarker can be applied in the clinic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play critical roles in transcription regulation, and their circulating levels were reported to have potential as clinical biomarkers. Methods In total, 93 coronary stent-implanted patients without pregnancy, liver or renal dysfunction, malignancy, hemophilia, or autoimmune diseases were recruited in this clinical study. All recruited participants were divided into an ISR group (n = 45) and a non-ISR group (n = 48) based on their restenotic status as confirmed by cardiologists at the first follow-up visit (6 months after surgery). Blood samples of all participants were harvested to measure circulating levels of miRNA candidates (miR-132, miR-142-5p, miR-15b, miR-24-2, and miR-424) to evaluate whether these circulating miRNAs can be applied as predictive biomarkers of ISR. Results Our data indicated that circulating levels of miR-142-5p were significantly higher in the ISR population, and results from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis also demonstrated superior discriminatory ability of miR-142-5p in predicting patients’ restenotic status. In addition, circulating levels of miR-15b, miR-24-2, and miR-424 had differential expressions in participants with diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, respectively. Conclusions The current study revealed that the circulating level of miR-142-5p has potential application as a clinical biomarker for predicting the development of ISR in stent-implanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsu Pan
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chien
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiung Hsieh
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fung Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Shun Chan
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ta Kao
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Hsiao
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Ju Chiang
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsing Chiang
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hung Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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8
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Yan Z, Wang H, Liang J, Li Y, Li X. MicroRNA-503-5p improves carotid artery stenosis by inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:85. [PMID: 32968442 PMCID: PMC7500050 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a common arteriosclerotic vascular disease affected by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and diagnostic value of microRNA (miR)-503-5p in asymptomatic patients with CAS and to further explore the effect of miR-503-5p on VSMC proliferation. The levels of miR-503-5p in the serum of 62 asymptomatic patients with CAS and 60 healthy controls were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The association between miR-503-5p and the clinical characteristics of the patients was analyzed using the χ2 test. A receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-503-5p to distinguish asymptomatic patients with CAS from healthy controls. Finally, miR-503-5p inhibitors and mimics were transfected into VSMCs in vitro to detect the effect of miR-503-5p on the proliferation ability through Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. The serum levels of miR-503-5p in asymptomatic patients with CAS were significantly reduced as compared with those in healthy individuals. The expression levels of miR-503-5p were significantly associated with diabetes and arterial stenosis. Furthermore, the area under the ROC curve was 0.817, the specificity was 79.03% and the sensitivity was 83.30%, which proved that miR-503-5p had a high diagnostic accuracy in patients with CAS. Finally, the in vitro proliferation assay indicated that overexpression of miR-503-5p significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs. In conclusion, miR-503-5p is a potential diagnostic biomarker for asymptomatic CAS and overexpression of miR-503-5p may inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs and improve CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262100, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262100, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262100, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Electrocardiography, Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Neurology, Anqiu People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262100, P.R. China
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9
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Pontremoli R, Bellizzi V, Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Cernaro V, Del Vecchio L, De Nicola L, Leoncini G, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Buemi M. Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a position paper endorsed by the Italian Society of Nephrology. J Nephrol 2020; 33:417-430. [PMID: 32065354 PMCID: PMC7220980 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major public health issue worldwide and entails a high burden of cardiovascular events and mortality. Dyslipidaemia is common in patients with CKD and it is characterized by a highly atherogenic profile with relatively low levels of HDL-cholesterol and high levels of triglyceride and oxidized LDL-cholesterol. Overall, current literature indicates that lowering LDL-cholesterol is beneficial for preventing major atherosclerotic events in patients with CKD and in kidney transplant recipients while the evidence is less clear in patients on dialysis. Lipid lowering treatment is recommended in all patients with stage 3 CKD or worse, independently of baseline LDL-cholesterol levels. Statin and ezetimibe are the cornerstones in the management of dyslipidaemia in patients with CKD, however alternative and emerging lipid-lowering therapies may acquire a central role in near future. This position paper endorsed by the Italian Society of Nephrology aims at providing useful information on the topic of dyslipidaemia in CKD and at assisting decision making in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pontremoli
- Università degli Studi and I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Bellizzi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Via San Leonardo, 84131, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Bianchi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Complex Operative Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, ASL Toscana Nordovest, Livorno, Italy
| | - Roberto Bigazzi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Complex Operative Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, ASL Toscana Nordovest, Livorno, Italy
| | - Valeria Cernaro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Lucia Del Vecchio
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, A. Manzoni Hospital, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - Luca De Nicola
- Nephrology Division, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Piazza Miraglia, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Leoncini
- Università degli Studi and I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy.,CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Nefrologia-Ospedali Riuniti, 89100, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Michele Buemi
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125, Messina, Italy
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10
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Shaposhnik II, Genkel VV. [Pleiotropic effects of ezetimibe]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2019; 59:12-17. [PMID: 31995721 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.n875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses in detail the question of the additional positive effects of ezetimibe in addition to direct hypolipidemic action. The data of experimental and clinical studies in which the effect of ezetimibe on carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and liver is studied. The article also discusses the results of clinical studies that examined the effect of ezetimibe on atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Shaposhnik
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South-Ural State Medical University" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
| | - V V Genkel
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South-Ural State Medical University" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
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Ribeiro MC, Peruchetti DB, Silva LS, Silva-Filho JL, Souza MC, Henriques MDG, Caruso-Neves C, Pinheiro AAS. LPS Induces mTORC1 and mTORC2 Activation During Monocyte Adhesion. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:67. [PMID: 30073169 PMCID: PMC6058081 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte adhesion is a crucial step in transmigration and can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we studied the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and PKC in this process. We used THP-1 cells, a human monocytic cell line, to investigate monocyte adhesion under static and flow conditions. We observed that 1.0 μg/mL LPS increased PI3K/mTORC2 pathway and PKC activity after 1 h of incubation. WYE-354 10−6 M (mTORC2/mTORC1 inhibitor) and 10−6 M wortmannin avoided monocyte adhesion in culture plates. In addition, WYE also blocked LPS-induced CD11a expression. Interestingly, rapamycin and WYE-354 blocked both LPS-induced monocyte adhesion in a cell monolayer and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, confirming mTORC1 involvement in this process. Once activated, PKC activates mTORC1/S6K pathway in a similar effect observed to LPS. Activation of the mTORC1/S6K pathway was attenuated by 10−6 M U0126, an MEK/ERK inhibitor, and 10−6 M calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor, indicating that the MEK/ERK/TSC2 axis acts as a mediator. In agreement, 80 nM PMA (a PKC activator) mimicked the effect of LPS on the activation of the MEK/ERK/TSC2/mTORC1/S6K pathway, monocyte adhesion to ECV cells and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Our findings show that LPS induces activation of mTOR complexes. This signaling pathway led to integrin expression and cytoskeleton rearrangement resulting in monocyte adhesion. These results describe a new molecular mechanism involved in monocyte adhesion in immune-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle C Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo B Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João L Silva-Filho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia S Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wen Y, Chen R, Zhu C, Qiao H, Liu Y, Ji H, Miao J, Chen L, Liu X, Yang Y. MiR-503 suppresses hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells by targeting Apelin. Peptides 2018; 105:58-65. [PMID: 29800588 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are of great importance in the process of endogenous blood vessel repair to maintain endothelial integrity and have been applied in a wide range of models of ischemic diseases. MicroRNAs represent a class of non-protein coding endogenous RNAs with 19-24 nucleotides in length and serve an important role in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis. It has been reported that miR-503 reduces angiogenesis in tumorigenesis. However, to our knowledge, the precise role of miR-503 in the regulation of EPCs remains unclear. In the current study, we found that the expression of miR-503 was decreased in mouse bone marrow derived EPCs under the hypoxic condition. Importantly, upregulation of miR-503 suppressed the proliferation, migration and capillary-like tube formation of EPCs induced by hypoxia. Furthermore, a dual luciferase reporter assay showed that Apelin, an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, was a direct target of miR-503 and overexpression of miR-503 significantly inhibited the protein level of Apelin in EPCs. Moreover, hypoxia treatment enhanced the expression of Apelin in EPCs. Meanwhile ectopic expression of Apelin promoted cellular proliferation, migration and tube formation of EPCs in vitro. In summary, our results indicate that miR-503 regulates proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of EPCs by targeting Apelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China
| | - Huimin Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China
| | - Jiangyong Miao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China
| | - Linyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China; Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei, PR China.
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Fei Y, Hou J, Xuan W, Zhang C, Meng X. The relationship of plasma miR-503 and coronary collateral circulation in patients with coronary artery disease. Life Sci 2018; 207:145-151. [PMID: 29870767 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although angiogenesis plays an important role in coronary collateral circulation (CCC) formation and there are many determinants of coronary angiogenesis, they cannot fully explain the mechanism of CCC formation or as potent biomarker for CCC status. Therefore, there is of great clinical significance to identify the novel molecules associated with CCC. Previously, miR-503 exerts anti-angiogenesis effect via inhibition of VEGF-A and its expression is associated with many angiogenesis-related factors. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship of plasma miR-503 with CCC formation as well as its predictive power for CCC status in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS Among patients who underwent coronary angiography with coronary artery disease and a stenosis of ≥90% were included in our study. Collateral degree was graded according to Rentrop Cohen classification. The patients were divided to good CCC group (grade 2 or 3) and poor CCC group (grade 0 or 1) according to Rentrop grade. We investigated the plasma levels of miR-503 and VEGF-A by ELISA or q RT-PCR, respectively. In addition, we assayed the correlations of plasma miR-503 with VEGF-A or Rentrop grade using the spearman correlation test and its predictive power by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and binary logistical regression analysis. RESULTS Our data showed that plasma VEGF-A was significantly higher in good CCC group than that in poor group. Plasma miR-503 was lower in CAD patients with good CCC or poor CCC compared with control subjects and lowest in good CCC group. In addition, miR-503 negatively correlated with VEGF-A and Rentrop grade, respectively. Moreover, miR-503 displayed more potent predictive power for CCC status than VEGF-A, but its sensitivity and specificity for CCC status were only 72.4 or 60.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lower plasma miR-503 level was related to better CCC formation, accompanied by up-regulation of VEGF-A. In addition, miR-503 displayed potent predictive power for CCC status, but its sensitivity and specificity were not high enough, indicating that miR-503 might be as an additional prognosis biomarker for CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Chenghua Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiuping Meng
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Role of dual lipid-lowering therapy in coronary atherosclerosis regression: Evidence from recent studies. Atherosclerosis 2018; 269:219-228. [PMID: 29407597 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, there is an unmet need in cardiovascular disease prevention. Clinical trials and meta-analyses have established that LDL-C lowering, particularly by statin therapy, reduces the progression of coronary atherosclerosis and the risk of coronary events. Insufficient LDL-C reduction and high residual risk in a significant proportion of statin-treated patients signify that additional therapies are required to deliver more effective coronary care. Pharmacological inhibition of cholesterol absorption (with ezetimibe) and PCSK9 activity (with evolocumab or alirocumab) provides potentially useful approaches for the therapeutic modulation of LDL-C metabolism in statin-treated patients. In recent trials, combination strategies involving a statin and non-statin agent (ezetimibe or evolocumab) have been shown to promote coronary atherosclerosis regression and improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk. This review summarizes recent evidence on the effects of dual lipid-lowering therapy on coronary atherosclerosis.
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Giugliano RP, Cannon CP, Blazing MA, Nicolau JC, Corbalán R, Špinar J, Park JG, White JA, Bohula EA, Braunwald E. Benefit of Adding Ezetimibe to Statin Therapy on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Safety in Patients With Versus Without Diabetes Mellitus: Results From IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial). Circulation 2017; 137:1571-1582. [PMID: 29263150 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ezetimibe, when added to simvastatin, reduces cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndrome. We explored outcomes stratified by diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS In IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial), 18 144 patients after acute coronary syndrome with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 50 to 125 mg/dL were randomized to 40 mg ezetimibe/simvastatin (E/S) or 40 mg placebo/simvastatin. The primary composite end point was cardiovascular death, major coronary events, and stroke. DM was a prespecified subgroup. RESULTS The 4933 (27%) patients with DM were more often older and female, had had a prior myocardial infarction and revascularization, and presented more frequently with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome compared with patients without DM (each P<0.001). The median admission low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower among patients with DM (89 versus 97 mg/dL, P<0.001). E/S achieved a significantly lower median time-weighted average low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with placebo/simvastatin, irrespective of DM (DM: 49 versus 67 mg/dL; no DM: 55 versus 71 mg/dL; both P<0.001). In patients with DM, E/S reduced the 7-year Kaplan-Meier primary end point event rate by 5.5% absolute (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.94); in patients without DM, the absolute difference was 0.7% (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.04; Pint=0.02). The largest relative reductions in patients with DM were in myocardial infarction (24%) and ischemic stroke (39%). No differences in safety outcomes by treatment were present regardless of DM. When stratified further by age, patients ≥75 years of age had a 20% relative reduction in the primary end point regardless of DM (Pint=0.91), whereas patients <75 years of age with DM had greater benefit than those without (Pint=0.011). When stratified by the TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) Risk Score for Secondary Prevention, all patients with DM demonstrated benefit with E/S regardless of risk. In contrast, among patients without DM, those with a high risk score experienced a significant (18%) relative reduction in the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke with E/S compared with placebo/simvastatin, whereas patients without DM at low or moderate risk demonstrated no benefit with the addition of ezetimibe to simvastatin (Pint =0.034). CONCLUSIONS In IMPROVE-IT, the benefit of adding ezetimibe to statin was enhanced in patients with DM and in high-risk patients without DM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00202878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Giugliano
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.P.G., C.P.C., J.-G.P., E.A.B., E.B.).
| | - Christopher P Cannon
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.P.G., C.P.C., J.-G.P., E.A.B., E.B.)
| | - Michael A Blazing
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Durham, NC (M.A.B., J.A.W.)
| | - José C Nicolau
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor) Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, HCFMUSP, Brazil (J.C.N.)
| | - Ramón Corbalán
- División Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro Médico Clínica, Santiago, Chile (R.C.)
| | - Jindřich Špinar
- Internal Cardiology Department, University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.)
| | - Jeong-Gun Park
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.P.G., C.P.C., J.-G.P., E.A.B., E.B.)
| | - Jennifer A White
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Durham, NC (M.A.B., J.A.W.)
| | - Erin A Bohula
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.P.G., C.P.C., J.-G.P., E.A.B., E.B.)
| | - Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.P.G., C.P.C., J.-G.P., E.A.B., E.B.)
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Dumas LS, Briand F, Clerc R, Brousseau E, Montemagno C, Ahmadi M, Bacot S, Soubies A, Perret P, Riou LM, Devoogdt N, Lahoutte T, Barone-Rochette G, Fagret D, Ghezzi C, Sulpice T, Broisat A. Evaluation of Antiatherogenic Properties of Ezetimibe Using 3H-Labeled Low-Density-Lipoprotein Cholesterol and 99mTc-cAbVCAM1–5 SPECT in ApoE−/− Mice Fed the Paigen Diet. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1088-1093. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.177279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Xue J, Fu C, Cong Z, Peng L, Peng Z, Chen T, Wang W, Jiang H, Wei Q, Qin C. Galectin-3 promotes caspase-independent cell death of HIV-1-infected macrophages. FEBS J 2016; 284:97-113. [PMID: 27981746 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1-infected macrophages are a key contributor to the formation of a viral reservoir and new treatment strategies focus on eliminating this pool of virus. Galectin-3 is a potent apoptosis-inducing protein that regulates diverse cellular activities. In the present study, we investigated whether galectin-3 could induce cell death in HIV-1-infected macrophages using HIV-1-infected THP1 monocytes (THP1-MNs) and THP1-derived macrophages (THP1-MΦs) as in vitro cellular models. We found that THP1-MΦs were more resistant than the THP1-MNs to HIV-1 infection-induced death, and that HIV-1 infection of the THP1-MΦs increased expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Additionally, galectin-3 but not FasL, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand or TNF-α, could induce cell death in HIV-1-infected THP1-MΦs. A similar result was shown for primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Galectin-3-induced cell death was also significantly increased in macrophages obtained from SIVmac251-infected macaques compared to that of macrophages from healthy macaques. Furthermore, galectin-3-induced cell death in HIV-1-infected THP1-MΦs was caspase independent. Interestingly, endonuclease G (Endo G) was increased in the nucleus and decreased in the cytoplasm of galectin-3-treated cells; thus, galectin-3-induced cell death in HIV-1-infected THP1-MΦs is most likely related to the translocation of Endo G from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. These findings suggest that galectin-3 may potentially aid in the eradication of HIV-1/SIV-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Zhe Cong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Lingjuan Peng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Zhuoying Peng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
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Circulating microRNAs predict future fatal myocardial infarction in healthy individuals - The HUNT study. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:162-8. [PMID: 27192016 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death, and the number of individuals at risk is increasing. To better manage this pandemic, improved tool for risk prediction, including more accurate biomarkers are needed. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of circulating microRNAs (miRs) to predict future fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in healthy participants. We performed a prospective nested case-control study with 10-year observation period and fatal AMI as endpoint. In total, 179 miRs were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction in serum of 112 healthy participants (40-70years) that either (1) suffered from fatal AMI within 10years [n=56], or (2) remained healthy [n=56, risk factor-matched controls]. Candidate miRs were validated in a separate cohort of healthy individuals (n=100). Twelve miRs were differently expressed in cases and controls in the derivation cohort (p<0.05). Among these, 10 miRs differed significantly between cases and controls in the validation cohort (p<0.05). We identified gender dimorphisms, as miR-424-5p and miR-26a-5p were associated exclusively with risk in men and women, respectively. The best model for predicting future AMI consisted of miR-106a-5p, miR-424-5p, let-7g-5p, miR-144-3p and miR-660-5p, providing 77.6% correct classification for both genders, and 74.1% and 81.8% for men and women, respectively. Adding these 5 miRs to the Framingham Risk Score, increased the AUC from 0.72 to 0.91 (p<0.001). In conclusion, we identified several miRs associated with future AMI, revealed gender-specific associations, and proposed a panel of 5 miRs to enhance AMI risk prediction in healthy individuals.
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Dragin L, Munir-Matloob S, Froehlich J, Morel M, Sourisce A, Lahouassa H, Bailly K, Mangeney M, Ramirez BC, Margottin-Goguet F. Evidence that HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 facilitates differentiation of myeloid THP-1 cells. Virol J 2015; 12:201. [PMID: 26606981 PMCID: PMC4660839 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SAMHD1 counteracts HIV-1 or HIV-2/SIVsmm that lacks Vpx by depleting the intracellular pool of nucleotides in myeloid cells and CD4+ quiescent T cells, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of retroviral DNA by reverse transcriptase. Depletion of nucleotides has been shown to underline the establishment of quiescence in certain cellular systems. These observations led us to investigate whether SAMHD1 could control the transition between proliferation and quiescence using the THP-1 cell model. Findings The entry of dividing THP-1 myeloid cells into a non-dividing differentiated state was monitored after addition of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), an inducer of differentiation. Under PMA treatment, cells overexpressing SAMHD1 display stronger and faster adhesion to their support, compared to cells expressing a catalytically inactive form of SAMHD1, or cells depleted of SAMHD1, which appear less differentiated. After PMA removal, cells overexpressing SAMHD1 maintain low levels of cyclin A, in contrast to other cell lines. Interestingly, SAMHD1 overexpression slightly increases cell adhesion even in the absence of the differentiation inducer PMA. Finally, we found that levels of SAMHD1 are reduced in proliferating primary CD4+ T cells after T cell receptor activation, suggesting that SAMHD1 may also be involved in the transition from a quiescent state to a dividing state in primary T cells. Conclusions Altogether, we provide evidence that SAMHD1 may facilitate some aspects of THP-1 cell differentiation. Restriction of HIV-1 by SAMHD1 may rely upon its ability to modify cell cycle parameters, in addition to the direct inhibition of reverse transcription. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0425-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Dragin
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Soundasse Munir-Matloob
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Jeanne Froehlich
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Marina Morel
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Adèle Sourisce
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Hichem Lahouassa
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Karine Bailly
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Marianne Mangeney
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Bertha Cecilia Ramirez
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Florence Margottin-Goguet
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Zhang H, Qian PY, Ravasi T. Selective phosphorylation during early macrophage differentiation. Proteomics 2015; 15:3731-43. [PMID: 26307563 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of macrophages from monocytes is a tightly controlled and complex biological process. Although numerous studies have been conducted using biochemical approaches or global gene/protein profiling, the mechanisms of the early stages of differentiation remain unclear. Here we used SILAC-based quantitative proteomics approach to perform temporal phosphoproteome profiling of early macrophage differentiation. We identified a large set of phosphoproteins and grouped them as PMA-regulated and non-regulated phosphoproteins in the early stages of differentiation. Further analysis of the PMA-regulated phosphoproteins revealed that transcriptional suppression, cytoskeletal reorganization and cell adhesion were among the most significantly activated pathways. Some key involved regulators of these pathways are mTOR, MYB, STAT1 and CTNNB. Moreover, we were able to classify the roles and activities of several transcriptional factors during different differentiation stages and found that E2F is likely to be an important regulator during the relatively late stages of differentiation. This study provides the first comprehensive picture of the dynamic phosphoproteome during myeloid cells differentiation, and identifies potential molecular targets in leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoming Zhang
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Division of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Division of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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22
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Wu SE, Miller WE. The human cytomegalovirus lytic cycle is induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in peripheral blood monocytes and in the THP-1 monocytic cell line. Virology 2015; 483:83-95. [PMID: 25965798 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) resides in a latent form in hematopoietic progenitors and undifferentiated cells within the myeloid lineage. Maturation and differentiation along the myeloid lineage triggers lytic replication. Here, we used peripheral blood monocytes and the monocytic cell line THP-1 to investigate the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on HCMV replication. Interestingly, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces lytic replication marked by upregulation of HCMV gene expression and production of infectious virus. Moreover, we demonstrate that the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 correlate with maturation/differentiation of the monocytes and not by directly stimulating the MIEP. These results are somewhat surprising as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 typically boosts immunity to bacteria and viruses rather than driving the infectious life cycle as it does for HCMV. Defining the signaling pathways kindled by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 will lead to a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms that determine the fate of HCMV once it infects cells in the myeloid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-En Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, United States
| | - William E Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, United States.
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Chang E, Kim L, Choi JM, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY, Oh KW, Park SW, Park DI, Park CY. Ezetimibe stimulates intestinal glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion via the MEK/ERK pathway rather than dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition. Metabolism 2015; 64:633-41. [PMID: 25704082 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ezetimibe is known as a Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) inhibitor and has been used as an agent for hypercholesterolemia. In our previous study, ezetimibe administration improved glycemic control and increased glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone with anti-diabetic properties. However, the mechanisms by which ezetimibe stimulates GLP-1 secretion are not fully understood. Thus, the specific aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism(s) by which ezetimibe stimulates GLP-1 secretion. MATERIALS/METHODS Male KK/H1J mice were divided into following groups: AIN-93G (NC), NC with ezetimibe (10 mg/kg/day), 45% high fat (HF) diet, and HF diet with ezetimibe. To investigate the role of ezetimibe in glucose homeostasis and GLP-1 secretion, an insulin tolerance test was performed and serum and intestinal GLP-1 levels and intestinal mRNA expression involved in GLP-1 synthesis were measured after 6 weeks of ezetimibe treatment. In vivo and in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition assays were employed to demonstrate the association between ezetimibe-induced GLP-1 change and DPP-4. The molecular mechanism by which ezetimibe affects GLP-1 secretion was evaluated by using human enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells. RESULTS Ezetimibe supplementation significantly ameliorated HF-increased glucose and insulin resistance in the type 2 diabetic KK/H1J mouse model. Serum and intestinal active GLP-1 levels were significantly increased by ezetimibe in HF-fed animals. However, mRNA expression of genes involved in intestinal GLP-1 synthesis was not altered. Furthermore, ezetimibe did not inhibit the activity of either in vivo or in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The direct effects of ezetimibe on GLP-1 secretion and L cell secretory mechanisms were examined in human NCI-H716 intestinal cells. Ezetimibe significantly stimulated active GLP-1 secretion, which was accompanied by the activation of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Ezetimibe-increased GLP-1 secretion was abrogated by inhibiting the MEK/ERK pathway with PD98059. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a possible novel biological role of ezetimibe in glycemic control to stimulate intestinal GLP-1 secretion via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lisa Kim
- Diabetes Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mook Choi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Diabetes Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Sayed ASM, Xia K, Li F, Deng X, Salma U, Li T, Deng H, Yang D, Haoyang Z, Yang T, Peng J. The diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs for middle-aged (40-60-year-old) coronary artery disease patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:257-63. [PMID: 26017792 PMCID: PMC4418278 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(04)07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating microRNAs have been recognized as promising biomarkers for various diseases. The present study aimed to explore the potential roles of circulating miR-149, miR-424 and miR-765 as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in middle-aged (40-60-year-old) patients. METHODS Sixty-five stable coronary artery disease patients (49-57 years old), 30 unstable coronary artery disease patients (49-58 years old), and 32 non-coronary artery disease patients (49--57 years old) who were matched for age, sex, smoking habits, hypertension and diabetes were enrolled in this study. Total RNA was isolated from plasma with TRIzol reagent. Circulating miRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Circulating miR-149 levels were decreased 4.49-fold in stable coronary artery disease patients (1.18 ± 0.84) and 5.09-fold in unstable coronary artery disease patients (1.04 ± 0.65) compared with non-coronary artery disease patients (5.30 ± 2.57) (p<0.001). Circulating miR-424 levels were reduced 3.6-fold in stable coronary artery disease patients (1.18 ± 0.60) and 5-fold in unstable coronary artery disease patients (0.86 ± 0.54) compared with non-coronary artery disease patients (4.35 ± 2.20) (p<0.001). In contrast, circulating miR-765 levels were elevated 3.98-fold in stable coronary artery disease patients (6.09 ± 2.27) and 5.33-fold in unstable coronary artery disease patients (8.17 ± 2.77) compared with non-coronary artery disease patients (1.53 ± 0.99) (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the respective areas under the curve for circulating miR-149, miR-424 and miR-765 were 0.938, 0.919 and 0.968 in stable CAD patients and 0.951, 0.960 and 0.977 in unstable coronary artery disease patients compared with non-coronary artery disease patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that circulating miR-149, miR-424 and miR-765 might be novel, non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in middle-aged patients. However, future prospective trials in large patient cohorts are necessary before reaching a solid conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sheikh Md Sayed
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Umme Salma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya 3rd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tingbo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhou Haoyang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - TianLun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cerda A, Fajardo CM, Basso RG, Hirata MH, Hirata RDC. Role of microRNAs 221/222 on statin induced nitric oxide release in human endothelial cells. Arq Bras Cardiol 2014; 104:195-201. [PMID: 25517390 PMCID: PMC4386847 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20140192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) has been largely associated with cardiovascular protection
through improvement of endothelial function. Recently, new evidence about
modulation of NO release by microRNAs (miRs) has been reported, which could be
involved with statin-dependent pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory
properties related to vascular endothelium function. Objective To evaluate the effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs including the inhibitors of
cholesterol synthesis, atorvastatin and simvastatin, and the inhibitor of
cholesterol absorption ezetimibe on NO release, NOS3 mRNA expression and miRs
potentially involved in NO bioavailability. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to atorvastatin,
simvastatin or ezetimibe (0 to 5.0 μM). Cells were submitted to
total RNA extraction and relative quantification of NOS3 mRNA and
miRs -221, -222 and -1303 by qPCR. NO release was measured in supernatants by
ozone-chemiluminescence. Results Both statins increased NO levels and NOS3 mRNA expression but no
influence was observed for ezetimibe treatment. Atorvastatin, simvastatin and
ezetimibe down-regulated the expression of miR-221, whereas miR-222 was reduced
only after the atorvastatin treatment. The magnitude of the reduction of miR-221
and miR-222 after treatment with statins correlated with the increment in
NOS3 mRNA levels. No influence was observed on the miR-1303
expression after treatments. Conclusion NO release in endothelial cells is increased by statins but not by the inhibitor
of cholesterol absorption, ezetimibe. Our results provide new evidence about the
participation of regulatory miRs 221/222 on NO release induction mediated by
statins. Although ezetimibe did not modulate NO levels, the down-regulation of
miR-221 could involve potential effects on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Cerda
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Cristina Moreno Fajardo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Gouveia Basso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mario Hiroyuki Hirata
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosario Dominguez Crespo Hirata
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Suchy D, Łabuzek K, Machnik G, Okopień B. The influence of ezetimibe on classical and alternative activation pathways of monocytes/macrophages isolated from patients with hypercholesterolemia. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:733-42. [PMID: 24781446 PMCID: PMC4092245 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial for the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Classically activated macrophages contribute to plaque growth and destabilization, while alternatively activated macrophages increase plaque stability. Here, we assessed the influence of ezetimibe on the activation of monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from patients with hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol 263.4 ± 12.5 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 179.7 ± 11.3 mg/dl, triglycerides 123.9 ± 11.4 mg/dl). Cells were stimulated with 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or 1 μg/ml LPS plus 22 ng/ml ezetimibe. Control cells were left unstimulated. The expression of classical activation markers (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) and alternative activation markers (mannose receptor (MR) and arginase-1 (Arg1)) was determined after 48 h. The employed analytical methods included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Griess reaction, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. LPS increased the secretion of IL-1β and NO and the expression of iNOS mRNA, iNOS protein, and Arg1 protein. It did not affect the expression of MR or Arg1 mRNA. In comparison to LPS stimulation, co-stimulation with ezetimibe decreased the secretion of IL-1β and the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein, while it increased MR mRNA and protein expression. Co-stimulation with ezetimibe did not change the secretion of NO or the expression of Arg1. The results suggest that ezetimibe in inflammatory in vitro conditions contributes to the suppression of classical and promotion of the alternative macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Suchy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40752, Katowice, Poland,
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Lv D, Lu Q, Cao J, Chen L. Unanticipated role of apelin: regulation of miRNA generation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:896-8. [PMID: 23985306 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deguan Lv
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Caroli A, Cardillo MT, Galea R, Biasucci LM. Potential therapeutic role of microRNAs in ischemic heart disease. J Cardiol 2013; 61:315-20. [PMID: 23490563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important cause of death and illness in the western world. Atherosclerosis constitutes the single most important contributor to CVD. miRNAs are small ribonucleic acids (RNAs) that negatively regulate gene expression on the post-transcriptional level by inhibiting mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation. Several studies demonstrated that miRNAs dysregulation have a key role in the disease process and, focusing on atherosclerotic disease, in every step of plaque formation and destabilization. These data suggest a possible therapeutic application of miRNA modulation, in particular dysregulated miRNAs can be modulated in disease process antagonizing miRNAs up-regulated and increasing miRNAs down-regulated. In this review we summarize the miRNA therapeutic techniques (antimiR, mimics, sponges, masking, and erasers) underlining their therapeutic advantages and evaluating their risks and challenges. In particular, the use of miRNA modulators as a therapeutic approach opens a novel and fascinating area of intervention in the therapy of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Caroli
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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