1
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Cock IE. Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. extracts reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine and PGE 2 secretion, decrease COX-2 expression and down-regulate cytosolic NF-κB levels. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1839-1853. [PMID: 38581641 PMCID: PMC11136772 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Based on their high antioxidant capacity and noteworthy phytochemistry, Terminalia ferdinandiana fruit and leaves have attracted considerable recent interest for their therapeutic potential. Whilst those studies have reported a variety of therapeutic properties for the fruit, the anti-inflammatory potential of T. ferdinandiana has been largely neglected and the leaves have been almost completely ignored. This study investigated the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of T. ferdinandiana fruit and leaf extracts by evaluating their inhibition of multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and unstimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages using multiplex bead immunoassays and ELISA assays. The methanolic extracts were particularly good immune-modulators, significantly inhibiting the secretion of all the cytokines and chemokines tested. Indeed, the methanolic extracts completely inhibited IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2a secretion, and almost completely inhibited the secretion of TNF-α. In addition, the methanolic T. ferdinandiana extracts also significantly inhibited cytosolic COX-2 levels (by 87-95%) and the synthesis of the PGE2 (by ~ 98%). In contrast, the methanolic extracts stimulated LTB4 secretion by ~ 60-90%, whilst the aqueous extracts significantly inhibited LTB4 secretion (by ~ 27% each). Exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to the methanolic T. ferdinandiana extracts also significantly down-regulated the cytosolic levels of NF-κB by 33-44%, indicating that the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts may be regulated via a decrease in NF-κB transcription pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory properties for the extracts and provide insights into their anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Cock
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
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2
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Meldrum K, Evans SJ, Burgum MJ, Doak SH, Clift MJD. Determining the toxicological effects of indoor air pollution on both a healthy and an inflammatory-comprised model of the alveolar epithelial barrier in vitro. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:25. [PMID: 38760786 PMCID: PMC11100169 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air pollutants (IAP) has increased recently, with people spending more time indoors (i.e. homes, offices, schools and transportation). Increased exposures of IAP on a healthy population are poorly understood, and those with allergic respiratory conditions even less so. The objective of this study, therefore, was to implement a well-characterised in vitro model of the human alveolar epithelial barrier (A549 + PMA differentiated THP-1 incubated with and without IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) to determine the effects of a standardised indoor particulate (NIST 2583) on both a healthy lung model and one modelling a type-II (stimulated with IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) inflammatory response (such as asthma).Using concentrations from the literature, and an environmentally appropriate exposure we investigated 232, 464 and 608ng/cm2 of NIST 2583 respectively. Membrane integrity (blue dextran), viability (trypan blue), genotoxicity (micronucleus (Mn) assay) and (pro-)/(anti-)inflammatory effects (IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, IL-10) were then assessed 24 h post exposure to both models. Models were exposed using a physiologically relevant aerosolisation method (VitroCell Cloud 12 exposure system).No changes in Mn frequency or membrane integrity in either model were noted when exposed to any of the tested concentrations of NIST 2583. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cell viability at the highest concentration was observed in the healthy model. Whilst cell viability in the "inflamed" model was decreased at the lower concentrations (significantly (p < 0.05) after 464ng/cm2). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-10 and a significant increase in IL-33 was seen after 24 h exposure to NIST 2583 (464, 608ng/cm2) in the "inflamed" model.Collectively, the results indicate the potential for IAP to cause the onset of a type II response as well as exacerbating pre-existing allergic conditions. Furthermore, the data imposes the importance of considering unhealthy individuals when investigating the potential health effects of IAP. It also highlights that even in a healthy population these particles have the potential to induce this type II response and initiate an immune response following exposure to IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Stephen J Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Michael J Burgum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
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3
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Fernandez‐Luna JL, Hernández JL, Curiel‐Olmo S, Martínez‐Amador NA, Vega AI, Quirce R, Montes‐Moreno S, Gutierrez O, del Real A, Sañudo C, Riancho JA. Osteomesopyknosis associated with a novel ALOX5 variant that impacts the RANKL pathway. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2471. [PMID: 38803233 PMCID: PMC11130582 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone tissue homeostasis relies on the coordinated activity of the bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteomesopyknosis is considered a distinctive rare sclerosing skeletal disorder of unelucidated pathophysiology and presumably autosomal dominant transmission. However, the causal genes are unknown. METHODS We present a case report encompassing clinical assessments, imaging studies, and whole-exome sequencing analysis, complemented by functional in vitro experiments. RESULTS This new case of osteomesopyknosis was associated with a missense ALOX5 variant predicted to induce protein misfolding and proteasomal degradation. Transfection experiments demonstrated that the variant was associated with reduced protein levels restored by proteasomal inhibition with bortezomib. Likewise, gene expression analysis showed that the mutated gene was associated with a decreased RANKL/OPG ratio, which is a critical driver of osteoclast precursor differentiation. CONCLUSION Our data indicate impaired bone resorption as the underlying mechanism of this rare osteosclerosis, implicating ALOX5 pathogenic variants as potential etiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Fernandez‐Luna
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital UM ValdecillaSantanderSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Centro de investigación biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)SantanderSpain
| | - José L. Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital UM ValdecillaSantanderSpain
- Departamento de Medicina y PsiquiatríaUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Soraya Curiel‐Olmo
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital UM ValdecillaSantanderSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | | | - Ana I. Vega
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital UM ValdecillaSantanderSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | - Remedios Quirce
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Servicio de Medicina NuclearHospital UM ValdecillaSantanderSpain
| | - Santiago Montes‐Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Servicio de Anatomía PatológicaHospital UM ValdecillaSantanderSpain
| | - Olga Gutierrez
- Unidad de Genética, Hospital UM ValdecillaSantanderSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
| | - Alvaro del Real
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Departamento de Medicina y PsiquiatríaUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Carolina Sañudo
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Departamento de Medicina y PsiquiatríaUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Jose A. Riancho
- Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Centro de investigación biomédica en red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)SantanderSpain
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital UM ValdecillaSantanderSpain
- Departamento de Medicina y PsiquiatríaUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
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4
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Wang D, Tediashvili G, Kim D, Hu X, Luikart H, Renne T, Tian A, Nadeau KC, Velden J, Schrepfer S, Khush KK. Leukotriene B4: A potential mediator and biomarker for cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024:S1053-2498(24)01565-1. [PMID: 38670297 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains the leading cause of long-term graft failure and mortality after heart transplantation. Effective preventive and treatment options are not available to date, largely because underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We studied the potential role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), an inflammatory lipid mediator, in the development of CAV. METHODS We used an established preclinical rat CAV model to study the role of LTB4 in CAV. We performed syngeneic and allogeneic orthotopic aortic transplantation, after which neointimal proliferation was quantified. Animals were then treated with Bestatin, an inhibitor of LTB4 synthesis, or vehicle control for 30 days post-transplant, and evidence of graft CAV was determined by histology. We also measured serial LTB4 levels in a cohort of 28 human heart transplant recipients with CAV, 17 matched transplant controls without CAV, and 20 healthy nontransplant controls. RESULTS We showed that infiltration of the arterial wall with macrophages leads to neointimal thickening and a rise in serum LTB4 levels in our rat model of CAV. Inhibition of LTB4 production with the drug Bestatin prevents development of neointimal hyperplasia, suggesting that Bestatin may be effective therapy for CAV prevention. In a parallel study of heart transplant recipients, we found nonsignificantly elevated plasma LTB4 levels in patients with CAV, compared to patients without CAV and healthy, nontransplant controls. CONCLUSIONS This study provides key evidence supporting the role of the inflammatory cytokine LTB4 as an important mediator of CAV development and provides preliminary data suggesting the clinical benefit of Bestatin for CAV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) Lab, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Grigol Tediashvili
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) Lab, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) Lab, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Helen Luikart
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Amy Tian
- Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Stanford University and Palo Alto Veteran Institute of Research (PAVIR), Stanford, California
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sonja Schrepfer
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) Lab, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kiran K Khush
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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5
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Xin Y, Xiong S, Zhou L, Lin X. Activation of leukotriene B 4 receptor 1 is a prerequisite for complement receptor 3-mediated antifungal responses of neutrophils. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:245-259. [PMID: 38297112 PMCID: PMC10901876 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are life-threatening, and neutrophils are vital cells of the innate immune system that defend against them. The role of LTA4H-LTB4-BLT1 axis in regulation of neutrophil responses to fungal infection remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the LTA4H-LTB4-BLT1 axis protects the host against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, but not Cryptococcus neoformans infection, by regulating the antifungal activity of neutrophils. Our results show that deleting Lta4h or Blt1 substantially impairs the fungal-specific phagocytic capacity of neutrophils. Moreover, defective activation of the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) pathways in neutrophils accompanies this impairment. Mechanistically, BLT1 regulates CR3-mediated, β-1,3-glucan-induced neutrophil phagocytosis, while a physical interaction with CR3 with slight influence on its dynamics is observed. Our findings thus demonstrate that the LTA4H-LTB4-BLT1 axis is essential for the phagocytic function of neutrophils in host antifungal immune response against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xin
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Sihan Xiong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Linghong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Center for Life Sciences, 100084, Beijing, China.
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6
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Loesche C, Picard D, Van Hoorick B, Schuhmann I, Jäger P, Klein K, Schuhler C, Thoma G, Markert C, Poller B, Zamurovic N, Weiss HM, Otto H, Fink M, Röhn TA. LTA4H inhibitor LYS006: Clinical PK/PD and safety in a randomized phase I clinical trial. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13724. [PMID: 38407540 PMCID: PMC10837484 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
LYS006 is a novel, highly potent and selective, new-generation leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of neutrophil-driven inflammatory diseases. We describe the complex pharmacokinetic to pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship in blood, plasma, and skin of LYS006-treated nonclinical species and healthy human participants. In a randomized first in human study, participants were exposed to single ascending doses up to 100 mg and multiple ascending doses up to 80 mg b.i.d.. LYS006 showed rapid absorption, overall dose proportional plasma exposure and nonlinear blood to plasma distribution caused by saturable target binding. The compound efficiently inhibited LTB4 production in human blood and skin blister cells, leading to greater than 90% predose target inhibition from day 1 after treatment initiation at doses of 20 mg b.i.d. and above. Slow re-distribution from target expressing cells resulted in a long terminal half-life and a long-lasting PD effect in ex vivo stimulated blood and skin cells despite low plasma exposures. LYS006 was well-tolerated and demonstrated a favorable safety profile up to highest doses tested, without any dose-limiting toxicity. This supported further clinical development in phase II studies in predominantly neutrophil-driven inflammatory conditions, such as hidradenitis suppurativa, inflammatory acne, and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Loesche
- Translational MedicineNovartis BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Damien Picard
- Translational MedicineNovartis BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Present address:
Vaderis Therapeutics AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Imelda Schuhmann
- Biomarker DevelopmentNovartis BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Petra Jäger
- Immunology Disease AreaNovartis BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Kai Klein
- PK SciencesNovartis BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Carole Schuhler
- Early Development Analytics, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Gebhard Thoma
- Global Discovery ChemistryNovartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christian Markert
- Global Discovery ChemistryNovartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Birk Poller
- PK SciencesNovartis BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - H. Markus Weiss
- PK SciencesNovartis BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Heike Otto
- Immunology Disease AreaNovartis BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Martin Fink
- Early Development Analytics, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Till A. Röhn
- Immunology Disease AreaNovartis BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
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7
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Naeem Z, Zukunft S, Huard A, Hu J, Hammock BD, Weigert A, Frömel T, Fleming I. Role of the soluble epoxide hydrolase in keratinocyte proliferation and sensitivity of skin to inflammatory stimuli. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116127. [PMID: 38198951 PMCID: PMC10857809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipid content of skin plays a determinant role in its barrier function with a particularly important role attributed to linoleic acid and its derivatives. Here we explored the consequences of interfering with the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) on skin homeostasis. sEH; which converts fatty acid epoxides generated by cytochrome P450 enzymes to their corresponding diols, was largely restricted to the epidermis which was enriched in sEH-generated diols. Global deletion of the sEH increased levels of epoxides, including the linoleic acid-derived epoxide; 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), and increased basal keratinocyte proliferation. sEH deletion (sEH-/- mice) resulted in thicker differentiated spinous and corneocyte layers compared to wild-type mice, a hyperkeratosis phenotype that was reproduced in wild-type mice treated with a sEH inhibitor. sEH deletion made the skin sensitive to inflammation and sEH-/- mice developed thicker imiquimod-induced psoriasis plaques than the control group and were more prone to inflammation triggered by mechanical stress with pronounced infiltration and activation of neutrophils as well as vascular leak and increased 12,13-EpOME and leukotriene (LT) B4 levels. Topical treatment of LTB4 antagonist after stripping successfully inhibited inflammation and neutrophil infiltration both in wild type and sEH-/- skin. While 12,13-EpoME had no effect on the trans-endothelial migration of neutrophils, like LTB4, it effectively induced neutrophil adhesion and activation. These observations indicate that while the increased accumulation of neutrophils in sEH-deficient skin could be attributed to the increase in LTB4 levels, both 12,13-EpOME and LTB4 contribute to neutrophil activation. Our observations identify a protective role of the sEH in the skin and should be taken into account when designing future clinical trials with sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumer Naeem
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Embryology and Histology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; CardioPulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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8
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Brady A, Sheneman KR, Pulsifer AR, Price SL, Garrison TM, Maddipati KR, Bodduluri SR, Pan J, Boyd NL, Zheng JJ, Rai SN, Hellmann J, Haribabu B, Uriarte SM, Lawrenz MB. Type 3 secretion system induced leukotriene B4 synthesis by leukocytes is actively inhibited by Yersinia pestis to evade early immune recognition. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011280. [PMID: 38271464 PMCID: PMC10846697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Subverting the host immune response to inhibit inflammation is a key virulence strategy of Yersinia pestis. The inflammatory cascade is tightly controlled via the sequential action of lipid and protein mediators of inflammation. Because delayed inflammation is essential for Y. pestis to cause lethal infection, defining the Y. pestis mechanisms to manipulate the inflammatory cascade is necessary to understand this pathogen's virulence. While previous studies have established that Y. pestis actively inhibits the expression of host proteins that mediate inflammation, there is currently a gap in our understanding of the inflammatory lipid mediator response during plague. Here we used the murine model to define the kinetics of the synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a pro-inflammatory lipid chemoattractant and immune cell activator, within the lungs during pneumonic plague. Furthermore, we demonstrated that exogenous administration of LTB4 prior to infection limited bacterial proliferation, suggesting that the absence of LTB4 synthesis during plague contributes to Y. pestis immune evasion. Using primary leukocytes from mice and humans further revealed that Y. pestis actively inhibits the synthesis of LTB4. Finally, using Y. pestis mutants in the Ysc type 3 secretion system (T3SS) and Yersinia outer protein (Yop) effectors, we demonstrate that leukocytes recognize the T3SS to initiate the rapid synthesis of LTB4. However, several Yop effectors secreted through the T3SS effectively inhibit this host response. Together, these data demonstrate that Y. pestis actively inhibits the synthesis of the inflammatory lipid LTB4 contributing to the delay in the inflammatory cascade required for rapid recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Brady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Katelyn R. Sheneman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Pulsifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Taylor M. Garrison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sobha R. Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Nolan L. Boyd
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jing-Juan Zheng
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Shesh N. Rai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jason Hellmann
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Deptartment of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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9
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Mao H, Lin X, Sun Y. Neddylation Regulation of Immune Responses. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0283. [PMID: 38434245 PMCID: PMC10907026 DOI: 10.34133/research.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Neddylation plays a vital role in post-translational modification, intricately shaping the regulation of diverse biological processes, including those related to cellular immune responses. In fact, neddylation exerts control over both innate and adaptive immune systems via various mechanisms. Specifically, neddylation influences the function and survival of innate immune cells, activation of pattern recognition receptors and GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathways, as well as the release of various cytokines in innate immune reactions. Moreover, neddylation also governs the function and survival of antigen-presenting cells, which are crucial for initiating adaptive immune reactions. In addition, neddylation regulates T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and their effector functions, thereby ensuring an appropriate adaptive immune response. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings in these aspects and delve into the connection between dysregulated neddylation events and immunological disorders, especially inflammatory diseases. Lastly, we propose future directions and potential treatments for these diseases by targeting neddylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education) of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education) of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health,
Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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10
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Park H, Harmalkar DS, Wei JD, Sun S, Kwon J, Lee CH, Song JG, Park JM, Lee JW, Ahn KS, Han HK, Kim JH, Lee K, Choi Y. Discovery of a novel BLT2 antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115864. [PMID: 37839347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent chemoattractant that can recruit and activate immune cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes to sites of inflammation. Excessive production of LTB4 has been linked to acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. Inhibiting the binding of LTB4 to its receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, is a potential strategy for treating these conditions. While several BLT1 antagonists have been developed for clinical trials, most have failed due to efficacy and safety issues. Therefore, discovering selective BLT2 antagonists could improve our understanding of the distinct functions of BLT1 and BLT2 receptors and their pharmacological implications. In this study, we aimed to discover novel BLT2 antagonists by synthesizing a series of biphenyl analogues based on a BLT2 selective agonist, CAY10583. Among the synthesized compounds, 15b was found to selectively inhibit the chemotaxis of CHO-BLT2 cells with an IC50 value of 224 nM without inhibiting the chemotaxis of CHO-BLT1 cells. 15b also inhibited the binding of LTB4 and BLT2 with a Ki value of 132 nM. Furthermore, 15b had good metabolic stability in liver microsomes and moderate bioavailability (F = 34%) in in vivo PK studies. 15b also showed in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of asthma, reducing airway hyperresponsiveness by 59% and decreasing Th2 cytokines by up to 46%. Our study provides a promising lead for the development of selective BLT2 antagonists as potential therapeutics for inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejun Park
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipesh S Harmalkar
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Government College of Arts, Science, and Commerce, Sanquelim, Goa, 403505, India
| | - Jun-Dong Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Seunghan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Kwon
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongseok Choi
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Sun Z, Feng D, Jiang L, Tian J, Wang J, Zhu W. Integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis of plasma reveals regulatory pathways and key elements in thyroid cancer. Mol Omics 2023; 19:800-809. [PMID: 37642188 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00142c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with increasing incidence in recent years. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), as a gold standard for the initial evaluation of thyroid nodules, fails to cover all the cytopathologic conditions resulting in overdiagnosis. There is an urgent need for a better classification of thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). Here, data independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics and untargeted metabolomics in plasma samples of 10 patients with TC and 15 patients with BTNs were performed. Key proteins and metabolites were identified specific to TC, and an independent cohort was used to validate the potential biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In total, 1429 proteins and 1172 metabolites were identified. Principal component analysis showed a strong overlap at the proteomic level and a significant discrimination at the metabolomic level between the two groups, indicating a more drastic disturbance in the metabolome of thyroid cancer. Integrated analysis of proteomics and metabolomics shows glycerophospholipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism as key regulatory pathways. Furthermore, a multi-omics biomarker panel was developed consisting of LCAT, GPX3 and leukotriene B4. Based on the AUC value for the discovery set, the classification performance was 0.960. The AUC value of the external validation set was 0.930. Altogether, our results will contribute to the clinical application of potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Sun
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Preparations, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | - Dongdong Feng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Liehao Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jingkui Tian
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Preparations, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Center of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine and Chinese Medicine Preparations, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
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12
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Carranza C, Sartillo-Mendoza LG, Carreto-Binaghi LE, Muñoz-Torrico M, Guzmán-Beltrán S, Torres M, Gonzalez Y, Juárez E. Exploring COX-2 inhibitors in tuberculosis: A whole-blood model approach for immune response and adjunt therapy evaluation. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143:102418. [PMID: 37813014 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) inflammation is an underestimated disease complication which anti-inflammatory drugs may alleviate. This study explored the potential use of the COX-2 inhibitors acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and celecoxib in 12 TB patients and 12 healthy controls using a whole-blood ex vivo model where TNFα, PGE2, and LTB4 plasma levels were quantitated by ELISA; we also measured COX-2, 5-LOX, 12-LOX, and 15-LOX gene expression. We observed a significant TNFα production in response to stimulation with LPS or M. tuberculosis (Mtb). Celecoxib, but not ASA, reduced TNFα and PGE2 production, while increasing LTB4 in patients after infection with Mtb. Gene expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX was higher in controls, while 12-LOX was significantly higher in patients. 15-LOX expression was similar in both groups. We concluded that COX-2 inhibitors downregulate inflammation after Mtb infection, and our methodology offers a straightforward time-efficient approach for evaluating different drugs in this context. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and assess the potential clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carranza
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Luis G Sartillo-Mendoza
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, BUAP, Puebla, Mexico; Becario de la Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud, Secretaría de Salud, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Laura E Carreto-Binaghi
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Torrico
- Clínica de Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Martha Torres
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de la Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Gonzalez
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Juárez
- Departamento de Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico.
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13
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Coyne ES, Nie Y, Abdurrachim D, Ong CZL, Zhou Y, Ali AAB, Meyers S, Grein J, Blumenschein W, Gongol B, Liu Y, Hugelshofer C, Carballo-Jane E, Talukdar S. Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) does not mediate disease progression in a mouse model of liver fibrosis. Biochem J 2023; 481:BCJ20230422. [PMID: 38014500 PMCID: PMC10903445 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
MASH is a prevalent liver disease that can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and ultimately death, but there are no approved therapies. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent pro-inflammatory chemoattractant that drives macrophage and neutrophil chemotaxis, and genetic loss or inhibition of its high affinity receptor, leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1), results in improved insulin sensitivity and decreased hepatic steatosis. To validate the therapeutic efficacy of BLT1 inhibition in an inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mouse model of MASH and fibrosis, mice were challenged with a choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined high fat diet and treated with a BLT1 antagonist at 30 or 90 mg/kg for 8 weeks. Liver function, histology, and gene expression were evaluated at the end of the study. Treatment with the BLT1 antagonist significantly reduced plasma lipids and liver steatosis but had no impact on liver injury biomarkers or histological endpoints such as inflammation, ballooning, or fibrosis compared to control. Artificial intelligence-powered digital pathology analysis revealed a significant reduction in steatosis co-localized fibrosis in livers treated with the BLT1 antagonist. Liver RNA-seq and pathway analyses revealed significant changes in fatty acid, arachidonic acid, and eicosanoid metabolic pathways with BLT1 antagonist treatment, however, these changes were not sufficient to impact inflammation and fibrosis endpoints. Targeting this LTB4-BLT1 axis with a small molecule inhibitor in animal models of chronic liver disease should be considered with caution, and additional studies are warranted to understand the mechanistic nuances of BLT1 inhibition in the context of MASH and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yilin Nie
- Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeff Grein
- Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Yang Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
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14
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Adams JM, Rege SV, Liu AT, Vu NV, Raina S, Kirsher DY, Nguyen AL, Harish R, Szoke B, Leone DP, Czirr E, Braithwaite S, Kerrisk Campbell M. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibition improves age-related cognitive decline via modulation of synaptic function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8764. [PMID: 37976357 PMCID: PMC10656077 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes, a class of inflammatory bioactive lipids, are well studied in the periphery, but less is known of their importance in the brain. We identified that the enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is expressed in healthy mouse neurons, and inhibition of LTA4H in aged mice improves hippocampal dependent memory. Single-cell nuclear RNA sequencing of hippocampal neurons after inhibition reveals major changes to genes important for synaptic organization, structure, and activity. We propose that LTA4H inhibition may act to improve cognition by directly inhibiting the enzymatic activity in neurons, leading to improved synaptic function. In addition, LTA4H plasma levels are increased in both aging and Alzheimer's disease and correlated with cognitive impairment. These results identify a role for LTA4H in the brain, and we propose that LTA4H inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy to treat cognitive decline in aging related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Adams
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Sanket V. Rege
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Ninh V. Vu
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Sharda Raina
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Amy L. Nguyen
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | | | - Balazs Szoke
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Dino P. Leone
- Alkahest Inc., 125 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
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15
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Li J, Zhao R, Miao P, Xu F, Chen J, Jiang X, Hui Z, Wang L, Bai R. Discovery of anti-inflammatory natural flavonoids: Diverse scaffolds and promising leads for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115791. [PMID: 37683361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have been utilized for medicinal purposes for millennia, endowing them with a rich source of chemical scaffolds and pharmacological leads for drug discovery. Among the vast array of natural products, flavonoids represent a prominent class, renowned for their diverse biological activities and promising therapeutic advantages. Notably, their anti-inflammatory properties have positioned them as promising lead compounds for developing novel drugs combating various inflammatory diseases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of flavonoids, highlighting their manifold anti-inflammatory activities and elucidating the underlying pathways in mediating inflammation. Furthermore, this review encompasses systematical classification of flavonoids, related anti-inflammatory targets, involved in vitro and in vivo test models, and detailed statistical analysis. We hope this review will provide researchers engaged in active natural products and anti-inflammatory drug discovery with practical information and potential leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Peiran Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China.
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16
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Riaz B, Sohn S. Neutrophils in Inflammatory Diseases: Unraveling the Impact of Their Derived Molecules and Heterogeneity. Cells 2023; 12:2621. [PMID: 37998356 PMCID: PMC10670008 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases involve numerous disorders and medical conditions defined by an insufficient level of self-tolerance. These diseases evolve over the course of a multi-step process through which environmental variables play a crucial role in the emergence of aberrant innate and adaptive immunological responses. According to experimental data accumulated over the past decade, neutrophils play a significant role as effector cells in innate immunity. However, neutrophils are also involved in the progression of numerous diseases through participation in the onset and maintenance of immune-mediated dysregulation by releasing neutrophil-derived molecules and forming neutrophil extracellular traps, ultimately causing destruction of tissues. Additionally, neutrophils have a wide variety of functional heterogeneity with adverse effects on inflammatory diseases. However, the complicated role of neutrophil biology and its heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases remains unclear. Moreover, neutrophils are considered an intriguing target of interventional therapies due to their multifaceted role in a number of diseases. Several approaches have been developed to therapeutically target neutrophils, involving strategies to improve neutrophil function, with various compounds and inhibitors currently undergoing clinical trials, although challenges and contradictions in the field persist. This review outlines the current literature on roles of neutrophils, neutrophil-derived molecules, and neutrophil heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with potential future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Riaz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seonghyang Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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17
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Favor OK, Rajasinghe LD, Wierenga KA, Maddipati KR, Lee KSS, Olive AJ, Pestka JJ. Crystalline silica-induced proinflammatory eicosanoid storm in novel alveolar macrophage model quelled by docosahexaenoic acid supplementation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274147. [PMID: 38022527 PMCID: PMC10665862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phagocytosis of inhaled crystalline silica (cSiO2) particles by tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) initiates generation of proinflammatory eicosanoids derived from the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (ARA) that contribute to chronic inflammatory disease in the lung. While supplementation with the ω-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may influence injurious cSiO2-triggered oxylipin responses, in vitro investigation of this hypothesis in physiologically relevant AMs is challenging due to their short-lived nature and low recovery numbers from mouse lungs. To overcome these challenges, we employed fetal liver-derived alveolar-like macrophages (FLAMs), a self-renewing surrogate that is phenotypically representative of primary lung AMs, to discern how DHA influences cSiO2-induced eicosanoids. Methods We first compared how delivery of 25 µM DHA as ethanolic suspensions or as bovine serum albumin (BSA) complexes to C57BL/6 FLAMs impacts phospholipid fatty acid content. We subsequently treated FLAMs with 25 µM ethanolic DHA or ethanol vehicle (VEH) for 24 h, with or without LPS priming for 2 h, and with or without cSiO2 for 1.5 or 4 h and then measured oxylipin production by LC-MS lipidomics targeting for 156 oxylipins. Results were further related to concurrent proinflammatory cytokine production and cell death induction. Results DHA delivery as ethanolic suspensions or BSA complexes were similarly effective at increasing ω-3 PUFA content of phospholipids while decreasing the ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) and the ω-9 monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid. cSiO2 time-dependently elicited myriad ARA-derived eicosanoids consisting of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in unprimed and LPS-primed FLAMs. This cSiO2-induced eicosanoid storm was dramatically suppressed in DHA-supplemented FLAMs which instead produced potentially pro-resolving DHA-derived docosanoids. cSiO2 elicited marked IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α release after 1.5 and 4 h of cSiO2 exposure in LPS-primed FLAMs which was significantly inhibited by DHA. DHA did not affect cSiO2-triggered death induction in unprimed FLAMs but modestly enhanced it in LPS-primed FLAMs. Discussion FLAMs are amenable to lipidome modulation by DHA which suppresses cSiO2-triggered production of ARA-derived eicosanoids and proinflammatory cytokines. FLAMs are a potential in vitro alternative to primary AMs for investigating interventions against early toxicant-triggered inflammation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Favor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lichchavi D. Rajasinghe
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Wierenga
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Andrew J. Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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18
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Merrick BA, Martin NP, Brooks AM, Foley JF, Dunlap PE, Ramaiahgari S, Fannin RD, Gerrish KE. Insights into Repeated Renal Injury Using RNA-Seq with Two New RPTEC Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14228. [PMID: 37762531 PMCID: PMC10531624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) are a primary site for kidney injury. We created two RPTEC lines from CD-1 mice immortalized with hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) or SV40 LgT antigen (Simian Virus 40 Large T antigen). Our hypothesis was that low-level, repeated exposure to subcytotoxic levels of 0.25-2.5 μM cisplatin (CisPt) or 12.5-100 μM aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) would activate distinctive genes and pathways in these two differently immortalized cell lines. RNA-seq showed only LgT cells responded to AFB1 with 1139 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 72 h. The data suggested that AFB1 had direct nephrotoxic properties on the LgT cells. However, both the cell lines responded to 2.5 μM CisPt from 3 to 96 h expressing 2000-5000 total DEGs. For CisPt, the findings indicated a coordinated transcriptional program of injury signals and repair from the expression of immune receptors with cytokine and chemokine secretion for leukocyte recruitment; robust expression of synaptic and substrate adhesion molecules (SAMs) facilitating the expression of neural and hormonal receptors, ion channels/transporters, and trophic factors; and the expression of nephrogenesis transcription factors. Pathway analysis supported the concept of a renal repair transcriptome. In summary, these cell lines provide in vitro models for the improved understanding of repeated renal injury and repair mechanisms. High-throughput screening against toxicant libraries should provide a wider perspective of their capabilities in nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Alex Merrick
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (J.F.F.); (P.E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Negin P. Martin
- Viral Vector Core, Neurobiology Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Ashley M. Brooks
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Julie F. Foley
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (J.F.F.); (P.E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Paul E. Dunlap
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (J.F.F.); (P.E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Sreenivasa Ramaiahgari
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (J.F.F.); (P.E.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Rick D. Fannin
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (R.D.F.)
| | - Kevin E. Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (R.D.F.)
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Vorobjeva NV, Chelombitko MA, Sud’ina GF, Zinovkin RA, Chernyak BV. Role of Mitochondria in the Regulation of Effector Functions of Granulocytes. Cells 2023; 12:2210. [PMID: 37759432 PMCID: PMC10526294 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) are the most abundant circulating cells in the innate immune system. Circulating granulocytes, primarily neutrophils, can cross the endothelial barrier and activate various effector mechanisms to combat invasive pathogens. Eosinophils and basophils also play an important role in allergic reactions and antiparasitic defense. Granulocytes also regulate the immune response, wound healing, and tissue repair by releasing of various cytokines and lipid mediators. The effector mechanisms of granulocytes include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), degranulation, phagocytosis, and the formation of DNA-containing extracellular traps. Although all granulocytes are primarily glycolytic and have only a small number of mitochondria, a growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondria are involved in all effector functions as well as in the production of cytokines and lipid mediators and in apoptosis. It has been shown that the production of mitochondrial ROS controls signaling pathways that mediate the activation of granulocytes by various stimuli. In this review, we will briefly discuss the data on the role of mitochondria in the regulation of effector and other functions of granulocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Vorobjeva
- Department Immunology, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria A. Chelombitko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
- The Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina F. Sud’ina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
| | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
- The Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
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20
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Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang S, Jiang M, Chu Y. LC-MS/MS-Based Serum Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analyses for the Mechanism of Augmented Renal Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10459. [PMID: 37445637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmented Renal Clearance (ARC) refers to the increased renal clearance of circulating solute in critically ill patients. In this study, the analytical research method of transcriptomics combined with metabolomics was used to study the pathogenesis of ARC at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. In transcriptomics, 534 samples from 5 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed and 834 differential genes associated with ARC were obtained. In metabolomics, we used Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to determine the non-targeted metabolites of 102 samples after matching propensity scores, and obtained 45 differential metabolites associated with ARC. The results of the combined analysis showed that purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism were changed in patients with ARC. We speculate that the occurrence of ARC may be related to the alteration of renal blood perfusion by LTB4R, ARG1, ALOX5, arginine and prostaglandins E2 through inflammatory response, as well as the effects of CA4, PFKFB2, PFKFB3, PRKACB, NMDAR, glutamate and cAMP on renal capillary wall permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yang Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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21
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Szukiewicz D. Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9818. [PMID: 37372966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to the control of glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially in adipose tissue (AT). The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on a pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes. Impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin or IR paradoxically leads to diseases with an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, an excess of visceral AT in obesity initiates chronic low-grade inflammatory conditions that interfere with insulin signaling via insulin receptors (INSRs). Moreover, in response to IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates a primarily defensive inflammatory response associated with the subsequent release of numerous inflammatory cytokines and a real threat of organ function deterioration. In this review, all components of this vicious cycle are characterized with particular emphasis on the interplay between insulin signaling and both the innate and adaptive immune responses related to obesity. Increased visceral AT accumulation in obesity should be considered the main environmental factor responsible for the disruption in the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the immune system, resulting in autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Melchiorri D, Merlo S, Micallef B, Borg JJ, Dráfi F. Alzheimer's disease and neuroinflammation: will new drugs in clinical trials pave the way to a multi-target therapy? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1196413. [PMID: 37332353 PMCID: PMC10272781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1196413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, no disease-modifying therapeutic option, able to prevent, cure or halt the progression of Alzheimer's disease [AD], is currently available. AD, a devastating neurodegenerative pathology leading to dementia and death, is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of altered hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Both have been widely studied and pharmacologically targeted for many years, without significant therapeutic results. In 2022, positive data on two monoclonal antibodies targeting Aβ, donanemab and lecanemab, followed by the 2023 FDA accelerated approval of lecanemab and the publication of the final results of the phase III Clarity AD study, have strengthened the hypothesis of a causal role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the magnitude of the clinical effect elicited by the two drugs is limited, suggesting that additional pathological mechanisms may contribute to the disease. Cumulative studies have shown inflammation as one of the main contributors to the pathogenesis of AD, leading to the recognition of a specific role of neuroinflammation synergic with the Aβ and NFTs cascades. The present review provides an overview of the investigational drugs targeting neuroinflammation that are currently in clinical trials. Moreover, their mechanisms of action, their positioning in the pathological cascade of events that occur in the brain throughout AD disease and their potential benefit/limitation in the therapeutic strategy in AD are discussed and highlighted as well. In addition, the latest patent requests for inflammation-targeting therapeutics to be developed in AD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Melchiorri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - John-Joseph Borg
- Malta Medicines Authority, San Ġwann, Malta
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - František Dráfi
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- State Institute for Drug Control, Bratislava, Slovakia
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23
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Mucke HA. Patent highlights October-November 2022. Pharm Pat Anal 2023; 12:95-102. [PMID: 37477491 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2023-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A snapshot of recent noteworthy developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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24
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Lim CS, Veltri B, Kashon M, Porter DW, Ma Q. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase expression and enhance the polarization and function of M1 macrophages in vitro. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:249-269. [PMID: 37115655 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2204161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Fibrogenic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) induce the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages in mouse lungs. Polarization of the macrophages regulates the production of proinflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators (LMs) to mediate acute inflammation and its resolution in a time-dependent manner. Here we examined the molecular mechanism by which multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs, Mitsui-7) induce M1 polarization in vitro. Treatment of murine macrophages (J774A.1) with Mitsui-7 MWCNTs increased the expression of Alox5 mRNA and protein in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The MWCNTs induced the expression of CD68 and that induction persisted for up to 3 days post-exposure. The expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase, an intracellular marker of M1, were increased by MWCNTs. Consistent with M1 polarization, the MWCNTs induced the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, and proinflammatory LMs leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The cell-free media from MWCNT-polarized macrophages induced the migration of neutrophilic cells (differentiated from HL-60), which was blocked by Acebilustat, a specific leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, or LY239111, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, but not NS-398, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, revealing LTB4 as a major mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis from MWCNT-polarized macrophages. Knockdown of Alox5 using specific small hairpin-RNA suppressed MWCNT-induced M1 polarization, LTB4 secretion, and migration of neutrophils. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the polarization of M1 macrophages by Mitsui-7 MWCNTs in vitro and that induction of Alox5 is an important mechanism by which the MWCNTs promote proinflammatory responses by boosting M1 polarization and production of proinflammatory LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chol Seung Lim
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Brandon Veltri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael Kashon
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Dale W Porter
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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25
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Gui R, Wang YK, Wu JP, Deng GM, Cheng F, Zeng HL, Zeng PH, Long HP, Zhang W, Wei XF, Wang WX, Zhu GZ, Ren WQ, Chen ZH, He XA, Xu KP. Cyclocarya paliurus leaves alleviate hyperuricemic nephropathy via modulation of purine metabolism, antiinflammation, and antifibrosis. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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26
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Haeggström JZ, Newcomer ME. Structures of Leukotriene Biosynthetic Enzymes and Development of New Therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:407-428. [PMID: 36130059 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-085014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are potent immune-regulating lipid mediators with patho-genic roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases, particularly asthma. These autacoids also contribute to low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and tumor diseases. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves release and oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid and proceeds via a set of cytosolic and integral membrane enzymes that are typically expressed by cells of the innate immune system. In activated cells, these enzymes traffic and assemble at the endoplasmic and perinuclear membrane, together comprising a biosynthetic complex. Here we describe recent advances in our molecular understanding of the protein components of the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery and also briefly touch upon the leukotriene receptors. Moreover, we discuss emerging opportunities for pharmacological intervention and development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Z Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
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Gong R, Luo H, Long G, Xu J, Huang C, Zhou X, Shang Y, Zhang D. Integrative proteomic profiling of lung tissues and blood in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158951. [PMID: 37197655 PMCID: PMC10184823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI) still lack a recognized diagnostic test and pharmacologic treatments that target the underlying pathology. Methods To explore the sensitive non-invasive biomarkers associated with pathological changes in the lung of direct ARDS/ALI, we performed an integrative proteomic analysis of lung and blood samples from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS mice and COVID-19-related ARDS patients. The common differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified based on combined proteomic analysis of serum and lung samples in direct ARDS mice model. The clinical value of the common DEPs was validated in lung and plasma proteomics in cases of COVID-19-related ARDS. Results We identified 368 DEPs in serum and 504 in lung samples from LPS-induced ARDS mice. Gene ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that these DEPs in lung tissues were primarily enriched in pathways, including IL-17 and B cell receptor signaling pathways, and the response to stimuli. In contrast, DEPs in the serum were mostly involved in metabolic pathways and cellular processes. Through network analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI), we identified diverse clusters of DEPs in the lung and serum samples. We further identified 50 commonly upregulated and 10 commonly downregulated DEPs in the lung and serum samples. Internal validation with a parallel-reacted monitor (PRM) and external validation in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets further showed these confirmed DEPs. We then validated these proteins in the proteomics of patients with ARDS and identified six proteins (HP, LTA4H, S100A9, SAA1, SAA2, and SERPINA3) with good clinical diagnostic and prognostic value. Discussion These proteins can be viewed as sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers associated with lung pathological changes in the blood and could potentially serve as targets for the early detection and treatment of direct ARDS especially in hyperinflammatory subphenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gangyu Long
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiqian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- SpecAlly Life Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - You Shang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Dingyu Zhang, ; You Shang,
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Dingyu Zhang, ; You Shang,
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28
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Dufrusine B, Valentinuzzi S, Bibbò S, Damiani V, Lanuti P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, D’Alessandro E, Rabottini A, Berghella A, Allocati N, Falasca K, Ucciferri C, Mucedola F, Di Perna M, Martino L, Vecchiet J, De Laurenzi V, Dainese E. Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:15. [PMID: 36613462 PMCID: PMC9819889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. After acute infection, some subjects develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome known as long-COVID. This study aims to recognize the molecular and functional mechanisms that occur in COVID-19 and long-COVID patients and identify useful biomarkers for the management of patients with COVID-19 and long-COVID. Here, we profiled the response to COVID-19 by performing a proteomic analysis of lymphocytes isolated from patients. We identified significant changes in proteins involved in iron metabolism using different biochemical analyses, considering ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (HPX), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Moreover, our results show an activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in COVID-19 and in long-COVID possibly through an iron-dependent post-translational mechanism. Furthermore, this work defines leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as possible markers of COVID-19 and long-COVID and suggests novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sandra Bibbò
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ersilia D’Alessandro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Rabottini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nerino Allocati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Katia Falasca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Mucedola
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Perna
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Martino
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Seyran M, Melanie S, Philip S, Amiq G, Fabian B. Allies or enemies? The effect of regulatory T cells and related T lymphocytes on the profibrotic environment in bleomycin-injured lung mouse models. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00945-7. [PMID: 36403186 PMCID: PMC10390389 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by permanent scarring of lung tissue and declining lung function, and is an incurable disease with increase in prevalence over the past decade. The current consensus is that aberrant wound healing following repeated injuries to the pulmonary epithelium is the most probable cause of IPF, with various immune inflammatory pathways having been reported to impact disease pathogenesis. While the role of immune cells, specifically T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells (Treg), in IPF pathogenesis has been reported and discussed recently, the pathogenic or beneficial roles of these cells in inducing or preventing lung fibrosis is still debated. This lack of understanding could be due in part to the difficulty in obtaining diseased human lung tissue for research purposes. For this reason, many animal models have been developed over the years to attempt to mimic the main clinical hallmarks of IPF: among these, inducing lung injury in rodents with the anti-cancer agent bleomycin has now become the most commonly studied animal model of IPF. Pulmonary fibrosis is the major side effect when bleomycin is administered for cancer treatment in human patients, and a similar effect can be observed after intra-tracheal administration of bleomycin to rodents. Despite many pathophysiological pathways of lung fibrosis having been investigated in bleomycin-injured animal models, one central facet still remains controversial, namely the involvement of specific T lymphocyte subsets, and in particular Treg, in disease pathogenesis. This review aims to summarize the major findings and conclusions regarding the involvement of immune cells and their receptors in the pathogenesis of IPF, and to elaborate on important parallels between animal models and the human disease. A more detailed understanding of the role of Treg and other immune cell subsets in lung injury and fibrosis derived from animal models is a critical basis for translating this knowledge to the development of new immune-based therapies for the treatment of human IPF.
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Montelukast and Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Endowed Drug. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091147. [PMID: 36145367 PMCID: PMC9500901 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a set of signs and symptoms caused by a reduction of coronary blood flow with subsequent myocardial ischemia. ACS is associated with activation of the leukotriene (LT) pathway with subsequent releases of various LTs, including LTB4, LTC4, and LTD4, which cause inflammatory changes and induction of immunothrombosis. LTs through cysteine leukotriene (CysLT) induce activation of platelets and clotting factors with succeeding coronary thrombosis. CysLT receptor (CysLTR) antagonists such as montelukast (MK) may reduce the risk of the development of ACS and associated complications through suppression of the activation of platelet and clotting factors. Thus, this critical review aimed to elucidate the possible protective role of MK in the management of ACS. The LT pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Inhibition of the LT pathway and CysL1TR by MK might be effective in preventing cardiovascular complications. MK could be an effective novel therapy in the management of ACS through inhibition of pro-inflammatory CysLT1R and modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. MK can attenuate thrombotic events by inhibiting platelet activation and clotting factors that are activated during the development of ACS. In conclusion, MK could be an effective agent in reducing the severity of ACS and associated complications. Experimental, preclinical, and clinical studies are recommended to confirm the potential therapeutic of MK in the management of ACS.
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Shinto LH, Raber J, Mishra A, Roese N, Silbert LC. A Review of Oxylipins in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD): Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Modulation of Vascular Tone and Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:826. [PMID: 36144230 PMCID: PMC9501361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now a convincing body of evidence from observational studies that the majority of modifiable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk factors are vascular in nature. In addition, the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease with AD is more common than AD alone, and conditions resulting in brain ischemia likely promote detrimental effects of AD pathology. Oxylipins are a class of bioactive lipid mediators derived from the oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which act as modulators of both vascular tone and inflammation. In vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), there is emerging evidence that oxylipins may have both protective and detrimental effects on brain structure, cognitive performance, and disease progression. In this review, we focus on oxylipin relationships with vascular and inflammatory risk factors in human studies and animal models pertinent to ADRD. In addition, we discuss future research directions with the potential to impact the trajectory of ADRD risk and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne H. Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie Roese
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Fu Q, Huang H, Ding A, Yu Z, Huang Y, Fu G, Huang Y, Huang X. Portulaca oleracea polysaccharides reduce serum lipid levels in aging rats by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites. Front Nutr 2022; 9:965653. [PMID: 35983485 PMCID: PMC9378863 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.965653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases characterized by dyslipidemia are common health problems for elderly populations. Dietary fiber intake is inversely associated with the risk of dyslipidemia. This study investigated the effects of Portulaca oleracea polysaccharide (POP) on the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in aging rats using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques. Our results showed that POPs reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), relative abundance of Fusobacteria, and levels of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) in the serum of aging rats. POP supplementation also reduced 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol, and vaccenic acid concentrations in lipids and lipoid-like molecules, while soyasapogenol E and monoacylglycerol (MG) (24:0/0:0/0:0) levels increased. This study demonstrated that POP’s beneficial effects on lipid levels in aging rats might be partially attributable to the modification of gut microbiota and related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China.,Institute of Spinal Diseases, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Aiwen Ding
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Ziqi Yu
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Yuping Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guiping Fu
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Yushan Huang
- Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliu Huang
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China.,Institute of Spinal Diseases, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
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Arya SB, Chen S, Jordan-Javed F, Parent CA. Ceramide-rich microdomains facilitate nuclear envelope budding for non-conventional exosome formation. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1019-1028. [PMID: 35739317 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils migrating towards chemoattractant gradients amplify their recruitment range by releasing the secondary chemoattractant leukotriene B4 (LTB4) refs. 1,2. We previously demonstrated that LTB4 and its synthesizing enzymes, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-LO activating protein (FLAP) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase, are packaged and released in exosomes3. Here we report that the biogenesis of the LTB4-containing exosomes originates at the nuclear envelope (NE) of activated neutrophils. We show that the neutral sphingomyelinase 1 (nSMase1)-mediated generation of ceramide-enriched lipid-ordered microdomains initiates the clustering of the LTB4-synthesizing enzymes on the NE. We isolated and analysed exosomes from activated neutrophils and established that the FLAP/5-LO-positive exosome population is distinct from that of the CD63-positive exosome population. Furthermore, we observed a strong co-localization between ALIX and FLAP at the periphery of nuclei and within cytosolic vesicles. We propose that the initiation of NE curvature and bud formation is mediated by nSMase1-dependent ceramide generation, which leads to FLAP and ALIX recruitment. Together, these observations elucidate the mechanism for LTB4 secretion and identify a non-conventional pathway for exosome generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash B Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fatima Jordan-Javed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Toxoplasma gondii Infection Decreases Intestinal 5-Lipoxygenase Expression, while Exogenous LTB 4 Controls Parasite Growth. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0002922. [PMID: 35658510 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00029-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is an enzyme required for the production of leukotrienes and lipoxins and interferes with parasitic infections. In vitro, Toxoplasma gondii inhibits leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production, and mice deficient in 5-LO are highly susceptible to infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of the 5-LO pathway and exogenous LTB4 supplementation during experimental toxoplasmosis. For this purpose, susceptible C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with T. gondii and treated with LTB4 or MK886 (a selective leukotriene inhibitor through inhibition of 5-LO-activating protein [FLAP]). The parasitism, histology, and immunological parameters were analyzed. The infection decreased 5-LO expression in the small intestine, and treatment with MK886 reinforced this reduction during infection; in addition, MK886-treated infected mice presented higher intestinal parasitism, which was associated with lower local interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. In contrast, treatment with LTB4 controlled parasite replication in the small intestine, liver, and lung and decreased pulmonary pathology. Interestingly, treatment with LTB4 also preserved the number of Paneth cells and increased α-defensins expression and IgA levels in the small intestine of infected mice. Altogether, these data demonstrated that T. gondii infection is associated with a decrease in 5-LO expression, and on the other hand, treatment with the 5-LO pathway product LTB4 resulted in better control of parasite growth in the organs, adding to the knowledge about the pathogenesis of T. gondii infection.
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Yang T, Zhao J, Liu F, Li Y. Lipid metabolism and endometrial receptivity. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:858-889. [PMID: 35639910 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has now been recognized as a high-risk factor for reproductive health. Although remarkable advancements have been made in ART, a considerable number of infertile obese women still suffer from serial implantation failure, despite the high quality of embryos transferred. Although obesity has long been known to exert various deleterious effects on female fertility, the underlying mechanisms, especially the roles of lipid metabolism in endometrial receptivity, remain largely elusive. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes current evidence on the impacts of several major lipids and lipid-derived mediators on the embryonic implantation process. Emerging methods for evaluating endometrial receptivity, for example transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis, are also discussed. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the following keywords: (lipid or fatty acid or prostaglandin or phospholipid or sphingolipid or endocannabinoid or lysophosphatidic acid or cholesterol or progesterone or estrogen or transcriptomic or lipidomic or obesity or dyslipidemia or polycystic ovary syndrome) AND (endometrial receptivity or uterine receptivity or embryo implantation or assisted reproductive technology or in vitro fertilization or embryo transfer). A comprehensive literature search was performed on the roles of lipid-related metabolic pathways in embryo implantation published between January 1970 and March 2022. Only studies with original data and reviews published in English were included in this review. Additional information was obtained from references cited in the articles resulting from the literature search. OUTCOMES Recent studies have shown that a fatty acids-related pro-inflammatory response in the embryo-endometrium boundary facilitates pregnancy via mediation of prostaglandin signaling. Phospholipid-derived mediators, for example endocannabinoids, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are associated with endometrial receptivity, embryo spacing and decidualization based on evidence from both animal and human studies. Progesterone and estrogen are two cholesterol-derived steroid hormones that synergistically mediate the structural and functional alterations in the uterus ready for blastocyst implantation. Variations in serum cholesterol profiles throughout the menstrual cycle imply a demand for steroidogenesis at the time of window of implantation (WOI). Since 2002, endometrial transcriptomic analysis has been serving as a diagnostic tool for WOI dating. Numerous genes that govern lipid homeostasis have been identified and, based on specific alterations of lipidomic signatures differentially expressed in WOI, lipidomic analysis of endometrial fluid provides a possibility for non-invasive diagnosis of lipids alterations during the WOI. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Given that lipid metabolic dysregulation potentially plays a role in infertility, a better understanding of lipid metabolism could have significant clinical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Women's Reproductive Health in Hunan Province, Changsha, P.R. China
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An inhibitor of leukotriene-A 4 hydrolase from bat salivary glands facilitates virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110647119. [PMID: 35238649 PMCID: PMC8915838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110647119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceAn immunosuppressant protein (MTX), which facilitates virus infection by inhibiting leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) to produce the lipid chemoattractant leukotriene B4 (LTB4), was identified and characterized from the submandibular salivary glands of the bat Myotis pilosus. To the best of our knowledge, this is a report of an endogenous LTA4H inhibitor in animals. MTX was highly concentrated in the bat salivary glands, suggesting a mechanism for the generation of immunological privilege and immune tolerance and providing evidence of viral shedding through oral secretions. Moreover, given that the immunosuppressant MTX selectively inhibited the proinflammatory activity of LTA4H, without affecting its antiinflammatory activity, MTX might be a potential candidate for the development of antiinflammatory drugs by targeting the LTA4-LTA4H-LTB4 inflammatory axis.
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Wang N, He X, Zhao J, Jiang H, Cheng X, Xia Y, Eric Xu H, He Y. Structural basis of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1156. [PMID: 35241677 PMCID: PMC8894450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) plays crucial roles in the acute inflammatory responses and is a valuable target for anti-inflammation treatment, however, the mechanism by which leukotriene B4 (LTB4) activates receptor remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the LTB4 -bound human BLT1 in complex with a Gi protein in an active conformation at resolution of 2.91 Å. In combination of molecule dynamics (MD) simulation, docking and site-directed mutagenesis, our structure reveals that a hydrogen-bond network of water molecules and key polar residues is the key molecular determinant for LTB4 binding. We also find that the displacement of residues M1013.36 and I2717.39 to the center of receptor, which unlock the ion lock of the lower part of pocket, is the key mechanism of receptor activation. In addition, we reveal a binding site of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and discover that the widely open ligand binding pocket may contribute the lack of specificity and efficacy for current BLT1-targeting drug design. Taken together, our structural analysis provides a scaffold for understanding BLT1 activation and a rational basis for designing anti-leukotriene drugs. In the paper, Dr. Wang et al reported a cryo-EM structure of the human leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) in complex with its native ligand leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in an active conformation complexed with Gi protein. The structure reveals the molecule determinant of LTB4 binding and the mechanism of receptor activation. These structural information will boost the understanding of LTB4-BLT1 signaling and provide a rational basis for designing novel anti-leukotriene drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinheng He
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Lin Y, Cai Q, Chen Y, Shi T, Liu W, Mao L, Deng B, Ying Z, Gao Y, Luo H, Yang X, Huang X, Shi Y, He R. CAFs shape myeloid-derived suppressor cells to promote stemness of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through 5-lipoxygenase. Hepatology 2022; 75:28-42. [PMID: 34387870 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We previously demonstrated that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth through recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is highly expressed in myeloid cells and is critical for synthesizing leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which is involved in tumor progression by activating its receptor leukotriene B4 receptor type 2 (BLT2). In this study, we investigated whether and how CAFs regulate MDSC function to enhance cancer stemness, the driving force of the cancer aggressiveness and chemotherapy refractoriness, in highly desmoplastic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). APPROACH AND RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis revealed enriched metabolic pathways but decreased inflammatory pathways in cancer MDSCs compared with blood MDSCs from patients with ICC. Co-injection of ICC patient-derived CAFs promoted cancer stemness in an orthotopic ICC model, which was blunted by MDSC depletion. Conditioned media (CM) from CAF-educated MDSCs drastically promoted tumorsphere formation efficiency and stemness marker gene expression in ICC cells. CAF-CM stimulation increased expression and activity of 5-LO in MDSCs, while 5-LO inhibitor impaired the stemness-enhancing capacity of MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, IL-6 and IL-33 primarily expressed by CAFs mediated hyperactivated 5-LO metabolism in MDSCs. We identified the LTB4-BLT2 axis as the critical downstream metabolite signaling of 5-LO in promoting cancer stemness, as treatment with LTB4 was elevated in CAF-educated MDSCs, or blockade of BLT2 (which was preferentially expressed in stem-like ICC cells) significantly reduced stemness-enhancing effects of CAF-educated MDSCs. Finally, BLT2 blockade augmented chemotherapeutic efficacy in ICC patient-derived xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a role for CAFs in orchestrating the optimal cancer stemness-enhancing microenvironment by educating MDSCs, and suggests the 5-LO/LTB4-BLT2 axis as promising therapeutic targets for ICC chemoresistance by targeting cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Lin
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancong Shi
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Ying
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyang Luo
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuguang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gong M, Duan H, Wu F, Ren Y, Gong J, Xu L, Lu F, Wang D. Berberine Alleviates Insulin Resistance and Inflammation via Inhibiting the LTB4-BLT1 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722360. [PMID: 34803675 PMCID: PMC8599302 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation is recognized as a key pathophysiological mechanism of insulin resistance. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a molecule derived from arachidonic acid, is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. The excessive amount of LTB4 that is combined with its receptor BLT1 can cause chronic low-grade inflammation, aggravating insulin resistance. Berberine (BBR) has been shown to relieve insulin resistance due to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is not clear whether BBR could have any effects on the LTB4–BLT1 axis. Methods: Using LTB4 to induce Raw264.7 and HepG2 cells, we investigated the effect of BBR on the LTB4–BLT1 axis in the progression of inflammation and insulin resistance. Results: Upon exposure to LTB4, intracellular insulin resistance and inflammation increased in HepG2 cells, and chemotaxis and inflammation response increased in RAW264.7 cells. Interestingly, pretreatment with BBR partially blocked these changes. Our preliminary data show that BBR might act on BLT1, modulating the LTB4–BLT1 axis to alleviate insulin resistance and inflammation. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that BBR treatment could reduce intracellular insulin resistance and inflammation of hepatic cells, as well as chemotaxis of macrophages induced by LTB4. BBR might interact with BLT1 and alter the LTB4–BLT1 signaling pathway. This mechanism might be a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic function of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiyan Duan
- Grade 2019 of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Hubei Yichang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanlin Ren
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ZhongShan Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Long S, Ji S, Xiao K, Xue P, Zhu S. Prognostic and immunological value of LTB4R in pan-cancer. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:9336-9356. [PMID: 34814348 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LTB4 receptor 1 (LTB4R), as the high affinity leukotriene B4 receptor, is rapidly revealing its function in malignancies. However, it is still uncertain. METHODS We investigated the expression pattern and prognostic significance of LTB4R in pan-cancer across different databases, including ONCOMINE, PrognoScan, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter, in this study. Meanwhile, we explored the significance of LTB4R in tumor metastasis by HCMDB. Then functional enrichment analysis of related genes was performed using GeneMANIA and DAVID. Lastly, utilizing the TIMER datasets, we looked into the links between LTB4R expression and immune infiltration in malignancies. RESULTS In general, tumor tissue displayed higher levels of LTB4R expression than normal tissue. Although LTB4R had a negative influence on pan-cancer, a high expression level of LTB4R was protective of LIHC (liver hepatocellular carcinoma) patients' survival. There was no significant difference in the distribution of LTB4R between non-metastatic and metastatic tumors. Based on Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, LTB4R was implicated in pathways involved in inflammation, immunity, metabolism, and cancer diseases. The correlation between immune cells and LTB4R was found to be distinct across cancer types. Furthermore, markers of infiltrating immune cells, such as Treg, T cell exhaustion and T helper cells, exhibited different LTB4R-related immune infiltration patterns. CONCLUSION The LTB4R is associated with immune infiltrates and can be used as a prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Long
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ji
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kunmin Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
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Těšický M, Krajzingrová T, Świderská Z, Syslová K, Bílková B, Eliáš J, Velová H, Svobodová J, Bauerová P, Albrecht T, Vinkler M. Longitudinal evidence for immunosenescence and inflammaging in free-living great tits. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111527. [PMID: 34428476 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The first-line effector mechanisms of immune defence, including inflammation and oxidative burst, contribute significantly to host-pathogen resistance. Whether these immune responses undergo age-related changes in birds remains unknown. Here, we tracked selected inflammatory parameters in 54 free-living great tits (Parus major) of known age, captured repeatedly over three consecutive years, with the aims to investigate long-term repeatability and age-dependent changes in cellular oxidative burst responsiveness upon in vitro stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to identify its relationships with leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels and haematological traits. In addition, we linked these immunological traits to selected physiological markers (antioxidants and oxidative stress markers). LTB4 levels increased with age and we have shown a similar non-significant tendency also for absolute granulocyte counts, indicating propagating chronic inflammation over the bird's lifetime, consistent with the inflammaging hypothesis. In contrast, cellular oxidative burst followed a quadratic trend of dependency on age with a peak in midlife individuals, in line with the immunosenescence hypothesis. Interestingly, LTB4 levels were positively associated with general oxidative damage, but negatively with antioxidant glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating links to redox balance. This longitudinal study demonstrates the contrasting patterns of age-related changes in background and acute markers of pro-inflammatory immunity contributing to immunosenescence in birds and thus provides basis for interpretation of the tested inflammatory markers in cross-cohort datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Těšický
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Krajzingrová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Świderská
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Syslová
- Laboratory of Medicinal Diagnostics, Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Bílková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Eliáš
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Velová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodová
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bauerová
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Tušimice Observatory, Tušimice 6, Kadaň 432 01, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Albrecht
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, Brno 603 65, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Yuan X, He Y, Luo C, Wang W. Leukotriene B4 receptor 2 correlates with prognosis and immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:232-244. [PMID: 34633577 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cancer. According to reports, leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (LTB4R2, also known as BLT2), a chemokine receptor, is upregulated in different tumors. However, the correlation between BLT2 expression and its prognostic value in ccRCC remains to be explored. METHODS This study used the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to evaluate the association between BLT2 expression and the clinical outcome of ccRCC. Based on TIMER2.0, the correlation between BLT2 expression in ccRCC and tumor immune characteristics was evaluated. RESULTS The expression of BLT2 in ccRCC was higher than that in normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that high BLT2 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.75, p < 0.001) and disease-specific survival (HR = 1.60, p = 0.014) for patients with ccRCC. In addition, our findings revealed that there was no significant correlation between the M1 marker genes and the expression of BLT2 in ccRCC, while moderate correlations were observed between the BLT2 expression and the M2 marker genes. Tregs and T cell exhaustion marker genes were positively correlated with BLT2 expression in ccRCC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION BLT2 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and is related to the shaping of tumor immune microenvironment in ccRCC. The expression of BLT2 potentially contributes to the regulation of TAMs, T cell exhaustion, and Tregs activation in ccRCC, providing new approaches to promote the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenhui Luo
- Scientific Research Office, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Shao BZ, Yao Y, Li JP, Chai NL, Linghu EQ. The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:714357. [PMID: 34476216 PMCID: PMC8406742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.714357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are vital components of innate and adaptive immunity. It is widely acknowledged that in various pathological conditions, neutrophils are activated and release condensed DNA strands, triggering the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs have been shown to be effective in fighting against microbial infections and modulating the pathogenesis and progression of diseases, including malignant tumors. This review describes the current knowledge on the biological characteristics of NETs. Additionally, the mechanisms of NETs in cancer are discussed, including the involvement of signaling pathways and the crosstalk between other cancer-related mechanisms, including inflammasomes and autophagy. Finally, based on previous and current studies, the roles of NET formation and the potential therapeutic targets and strategies related to NETs in several well-studied types of cancers, including breast, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, blood, neurological, and cutaneous cancers, are separately reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning-Li Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - En-Qiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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Röhn TA, Numao S, Otto H, Loesche C, Thoma G. Drug discovery strategies for novel leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1483-1495. [PMID: 34191664 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1948998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionLeukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is the final and rate limiting enzyme regulating the biosynthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a pro-inflammatory lipid mediator implicated in a large number of inflammatory pathologies. Inhibition of LTA4H not only prevents LTB4 biosynthesis but also induces a lipid mediator class-switch within the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, elevating biosynthesis of the anti-inflammatory lipid mediator Lipoxin A4. Ample preclinical evidence advocates LTA4H as attractive drug target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.Areas coveredThis review covers details about the biochemistry of LTA4H and describes its role in regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory mediator generation. It summarizes recent efforts in medicinal chemistry toward novel LTA4H inhibitors, recent clinical trials testing LTA4H inhibitors in pulmonary inflammatory diseases, and potential reasons for the discontinuation of former development programs.Expert opinionGiven the prominent role of LTB4 in initiating and perpetuating inflammation, LTA4H remains an appealing drug target. The reason former attempts targeting this enzyme have not met with success in the clinic can be attributed to compound-specific liabilities of first-generation inhibitors and/or choice of target indications to test this mode of action. A new generation of highly potent and selective LTA4H inhibitors is currently undergoing clinical testing in indications with a strong link to LTB4 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till A Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shin Numao
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heike Otto
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Loesche
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gebhard Thoma
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Xie S, Qi X, Wu Q, Wei L, Zhang M, Xing Y, Shi W, Chen S, Zeng X, Wang S, Guo H, Deng W. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase is associated with downregulation of the leukotriene B4 receptor 1/ Interleukin-12p35 pathway and ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:348-357. [PMID: 33705958 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis rapidly contributed to multiorgan failure affecting most commonly of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and yet there were no effective therapies. The current study aimed at providing evidence on the cardioprotection of suppression of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) and identifying the possible mechanism in the mouse model of sepsis. The cecal ligation-perforation (CLP) model was applied to C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and 5-Lox deficient (5-Lox-/-) mice to induce sepsis. 5-Lox expression was up-regulated in mouse myocardium and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) level was increased in serum after sepsis. Subsequently, we utilized a recombinant adenoviral expression vector (rAAV9) to overexpress Alox5 gene in adult mice. Compared to WT mice, 5-Lox overexpression accelerated CLP-induced myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. Oppositely, 5-Lox deficiency offered protection against myocardial injury in a mouse model of sepsis and attenuated sepsis-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the mouse heart. Mechanically, 5-Lox promoted LTB4 production, which in turn contributed to the activation of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1)/interleukin-12p35 (IL-12p35) pathway and enhanced M1 macrophage polarization. However, the suppression of BLT1 by either gene mutation or antagonist U75302 significantly inhibited the adverse effect of 5-Lox in sepsis. Further study demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of 5-Lox prevented CLP-induced septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). Our study identified 5-Lox exacerbated sepsis-associated myocardial injury through activation of LTB4 production and promoting BLT1/IL-12p35 pathway. Hence, inhibition of 5-Lox may be a potential candidate strategy for septic cardiac dysfunction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiping Qi
- Department of Transfusion, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Wuhan No.1 Hospital), Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wenke Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Ávila-Román J, Arreaza-Gil V, Cortés-Espinar AJ, Soliz-Rueda JR, Mulero M, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A, Arola L, Torres-Fuentes C. Impact of gut microbiota on plasma oxylipins profile under healthy and obesogenic conditions. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1475-1486. [PMID: 33743282 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oxylipins (OXLs) are bioactive lipid metabolites derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which act as signaling molecules and are involved in inflammatory processes such as those that occur in obesity. On the other hand, gut microbiota plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the potential impact of gut bacteria on OXLs metabolism. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gut microbiota dysbiosis on plasma oxylipins profile in healthy and diet-induced obese animals. METHODS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were fed with either a standard or cafeteria diet (CAF) for 5 weeks and administered an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) in the drinking water (Ampicillin: 1 g/ml, Vancomycin: 0.5 g/ml, Imipenem: 0.25 g/ml) for the last 2 weeks in order to induce gut microbiota dysbiosis. Metabolomics analysis of OXLs in plasma was performed by HPLC-MS analysis. No antibiotic treated animals were included as controls. RESULTS Plasma OXLs profile was significantly altered due to both CAF feeding and ABX administration. ABX effect was more pronounced under obesogenic conditions. Several significant correlations between different bacteria taxa and these lipid mediators were observed. Among these, the positive correlation of Proteobacteria with LTB4, a proinflammatory OXL involved in obesity-related disorders, was especially remarkable. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating these lipid metabolites and, therefore, affecting oxylipins-mediated inflammatory processes. These results are the first evidence to our knowledge of gut microbiota impact on OXLs metabolism. Moreover, this can set the basis for developing new obesity markers based on OXLs and gut microbiota profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Verónica Arreaza-Gil
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Cortés-Espinar
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Jorge R Soliz-Rueda
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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