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Liu C, Liu WH, Yang W, Chen L, Xue Y, Chen XY. GLP-1 modulated the firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons in both normal and parkinsonian mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 252:109946. [PMID: 38599494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The spontaneous firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons is associated with some important roles including modulation of dopamine release, expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), as well as neuronal survival. The decreased neuroactivity of nigral dopaminergic neurons has been revealed in Parkinson's disease. Central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) functions as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator to exert multiple brain functions. Although morphological studies revealed the expression of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) in the substantia nigra pars compacta, the possible modulation of GLP-1 on spontaneous firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons is unknown. The present extracellular in vivo single unit recordings revealed that GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 significantly increased the spontaneous firing rate and decreased the firing regularity of partial nigral dopaminergic neurons of adult male C57BL/6 mice. Blockade of GLP-1Rs by exendin (9-39) decreased the firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons suggesting the involvement of endogenous GLP-1 in the modulation of firing activity. Furthermore, the PKA and the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 4/5 channels are involved in activation of GLP-1Rs-induced excitatory effects of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Under parkinsonian state, both the exogenous and endogenous GLP-1 could still induce excitatory effects on the surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons. As the mild excitatory stimuli exert neuroprotective effects on nigral dopaminergic neurons, the present GLP-1-induced excitatory effects may partially contribute to its antiparkinsonian effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Hong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of International Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of International Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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2
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Li B, Xiao X, Bi M, Jiao Q, Chen X, Yan C, Du X, Jiang H. Modulating α-synuclein propagation and decomposition: Implications in Parkinson's disease therapy. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102319. [PMID: 38719160 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Under pathological conditions, the conformation of α-syn changes and different forms of α-syn lead to neurotoxicity. According to Braak stages, α-syn can propagate in different brain regions, inducing neurodegeneration and corresponding clinical manifestations through abnormal aggregation of Lewy bodies (LBs) and lewy axons in different types of neurons in PD. So far, PD lacks early diagnosis biomarkers, and treatments are mainly targeted at some clinical symptoms. There is no effective therapy to delay the progression of PD. This review first summarized the role of α-syn in physiological and pathological states, and the relationship between α-syn and PD. Then, we focused on the origin, secretion, aggregation, propagation and degradation of α-syn as well as the important regulatory factors in these processes systematically. Finally, we reviewed some potential drug candidates for alleviating the abnormal aggregation of α-syn in order to provide valuable targets for the treatment of PD to cope with the occurrence and progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beining Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingxia Bi
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chunling Yan
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xixun Du
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China; School of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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3
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Kopp KO, Glotfelty EJ, Li Y, Lahiri DK, Greig NH. Type 2 diabetes mellitus/obesity drugs: A neurodegenerative disorders savior or a bridge too far? Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102343. [PMID: 38762101 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist-based drugs (incretin mimetics) have meaningfully impacted current treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and their actions on satiety and weight loss have led to their use as an obesity medication. With multiple pleotropic actions beyond their insulinotropic and weight loss ones, including anti-inflammatory and anti-insulin-resistant effects selectively mediated by their receptors present within numerous organs, this drug class offers potential efficacy for an increasing number of systemic and neurological disorders whose current treatment is inadequate. Among these are a host of neurodegenerative disorders that are prevalent in the elderly, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, which have bucked previous therapeutic approaches. An increasing preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological literature suggests that select incretin mimetics may provide an effective treatment strategy, but 'which ones' for 'which disorders' and 'when' remain key open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O Kopp
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Morrow NM, Morissette A, Mulvihill EE. Immunomodulation and inflammation: Role of GLP-1R and GIPR expressing cells within the gut. Peptides 2024; 176:171200. [PMID: 38555054 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are peptide hormones produced by enteroendocrine cells in the small intestine. Despite being produced in the gut, the leveraging of their role in potentiating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, also known as the incretin effect, has distracted from discernment of direct intestinal signaling circuits. Both preclinical and clinical evidence have highlighted a role for the incretins in inflammation. In this review, we highlight the discoveries of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)+ natural (TCRαβ and TCRγδ) and induced (TCRαβ+CD4+ cells and TCRαβ+CD8αβ+) intraepithelial lymphocytes. Both endogenous signaling and pharmacological activation of GLP-1R impact local and systemic inflammation, the gut microbiota, whole-body metabolism, as well as the control of GLP-1 bioavailability. While GIPR signaling has been documented to impact hematopoiesis, the impact of these bone marrow-derived cells in gut immunology is not well understood. We uncover gaps in the literature of the evaluation of the impact of sex in these GLP-1R and GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling circuits and provide speculations of the maintenance roles these hormones play within the gut in the fasting-refeeding cycles. GLP-1R agonists and GLP-1R/GIPR agonists are widely used as treatments for diabetes and weight loss, respectively; however, their impact on gut homeostasis has not been fully explored. Advancing our understanding of the roles of GLP-1R and GIPR signaling within the gut at homeostasis as well as metabolic and inflammatory diseases may provide targets to improve disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya M Morrow
- The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, H-3229A, Ottawa, Ontario KIY 4W7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Arianne Morissette
- The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, H-3229A, Ottawa, Ontario KIY 4W7, Canada
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- The University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, H-3229A, Ottawa, Ontario KIY 4W7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Group, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Shi J, Yin G, Shi Z, Zhang S, Wei J, Xue T, Su X. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of In-Hospital Exercise Rehabilitation in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Sarcopenia Effect of Lifestyle Management on Disease Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Res 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38762774 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2024.2353121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the effects of in-hospital exercise rehabilitation on glucose and lipid metabolism and healthy physical fitness in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with sarcopenia, and to provide a reference for the effective implementation of exercise rehabilitation for middle-aged and elderly patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia in healthcare institutions. METHODS This study retrospectively included 122 patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia treated at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from August 2017 to August 2020 and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The control group was given conventional treatment and the experimental group was given exercise rehabilitation in the hospital for 12 weeks to compare the indexes related to glucose and lipid metabolism and healthy fitness in the two groups. RESULTS After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and body fat percentage (p < 0.05), while high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), grip strength, lower limb extension, lower limb flexion, peak oxygen uptake were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and were more significant at 12 weeks compared to the 6-week intervention (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in any of the glucose metabolism indicators in the control group before and after the intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that at control baseline levels, HbA1c decreased significantly in the experimental group after both 6 and 12 weeks of intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage and a significant increase in grip strength. After 12 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed an increase in glycemic control from 33.3% to 73.3%, a significant decrease in body fat percentage and a significant increase in grip strength, lower limb extension and lower limb flexion strength and peak oxygen uptake. CONCLUSION In-hospital exercise rehabilitation can effectively improve the glycemic and lipid profiles of patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia and enhance their health fitness, with good clinical rehabilitation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Shi
- Health Management Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gaojun Yin
- Health Management Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhiyun Shi
- Inspection Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shengjun Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Health Management Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Su
- Health Management Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Wang V, Tseng KY, Kuo TT, Huang EYK, Lan KL, Chen ZR, Ma KH, Greig NH, Jung J, Choi HI, Olson L, Hoffer BJ, Chen YH. Attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and morphological disruption with PT320 delays dopamine degeneration in MitoPark mice. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:38. [PMID: 38627765 PMCID: PMC11022395 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in cellular energy production. Changes in mitochondrial function can lead to dysfunction and cell death in aging and age-related disorders. Recent research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist has gained interest as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of GLP-1R-related agonists are not yet fully understood. METHODS In this study, we explores the effects of early treatment with PT320, a sustained release formulation of the GLP-1R agonist Exenatide, on mitochondrial functions and morphology in a progressive PD mouse model, the MitoPark (MP) mouse. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that administration of a clinically translatable dose of PT320 ameliorates the reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase expression, lowers reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c release during nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation in MP mice. PT320 treatment significantly preserved mitochondrial function and morphology but did not influence the reduction in mitochondria numbers during PD progression in MP mice. Genetic analysis indicated that the cytoprotective effect of PT320 is attributed to a reduction in the expression of mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) and an increase in the expression of optic atrophy type 1 (Opa1), which is known to play a role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and decreasing cytochrome c release through remodeling of the cristae. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the early administration of PT320 shows potential as a neuroprotective treatment for PD, as it can preserve mitochondrial function. Through enhancing mitochondrial health by regulating Opa1 and Fis1, PT320 presents a new neuroprotective therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Wang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lun Lan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Rong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jin Jung
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ii Choi
- Peptron, Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
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Yu SJ, Wang Y, Shen H, Bae EK, Li Y, Sambamurti K, Tones MA, Zaleska MM, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH. DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and PF-00734,200 mitigate dopaminergic neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment in the rat 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01116-0. [PMID: 38563864 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies report an elevated risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that is mitigated in those prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. With an objective to characterize clinically translatable doses of DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) in a well-characterized PD rodent model, sitagliptin, PF-00734,200 or vehicle were orally administered to rats initiated either 7-days before or 7-days after unilateral medial forebrain bundle 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioning. Measures of dopaminergic cell viability, dopamine content, neuroinflammation and neurogenesis were evaluated thereafter in ipsi- and contralateral brain. Plasma and brain incretin and DPP-4 activity levels were quantified. Furthermore, brain incretin receptor levels were age-dependently evaluated in rodents, in 6-OHDA challenged animals and human subjects with/without PD. Cellular studies evaluated neurotrophic/neuroprotective actions of combined incretin administration. Pre-treatment with oral sitagliptin or PF-00734,200 reduced methamphetamine (meth)-induced rotation post-lesioning and dopaminergic degeneration in lesioned substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and striatum. Direct intracerebroventricular gliptin administration lacked neuroprotective actions, indicating that systemic incretin-mediated mechanisms underpin gliptin-induced favorable brain effects. Post-treatment with a threefold higher oral gliptin dose, likewise, mitigated meth-induced rotation, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, and augmented neurogenesis. These gliptin-induced actions associated with 70-80% plasma and 20-30% brain DPP-4 inhibition, and elevated plasma and brain incretin levels. Brain incretin receptor protein levels were age-dependently maintained in rodents, preserved in rats challenged with 6-OHDA, and in humans with PD. Combined GLP-1 and GIP receptor activation in neuronal cultures resulted in neurotrophic/neuroprotective actions superior to single agonists alone. In conclusion, these studies support further evaluation of the repurposing of clinically approved gliptins as a treatment strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
- National Institute On Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Hui Shen
- National Institute On Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yazhou Li
- National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neurosciences, the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | | | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Kalinderi K, Papaliagkas V, Fidani L. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A New Treatment in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3812. [PMID: 38612620 PMCID: PMC11011817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Recent data highlight similarities between neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting a crucial interplay between the gut-brain axis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, known for their use in T2DM treatment, are currently extensively studied as novel PD modifying agents. For this narrative review article, we searched PubMed and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed research, review articles and clinical trials regarding GLP-1R agonists and PD published in the English language with no time restrictions. We also screened the references of the selected articles for possible additional articles in order to include most of the key recent evidence. Many data on animal models and preclinical studies show that GLP1-R agonists can restore dopamine levels, inhibit dopaminergic loss, attenuate neuronal degeneration and alleviate motor and non-motor features of PD. Evidence from clinical studies is also very promising, enhancing the possibility of adding GLP1-R agonists to the current armamentarium of drugs available for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Liana Fidani
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Li Y, Vaughan KL, Wang Y, Yu SJ, Bae EK, Tamargo IA, Kopp KO, Tweedie D, Chiang CC, Schmidt KT, Lahiri DK, Tones MA, Zaleska MM, Hoffer BJ, Mattison JA, Greig NH. Sitagliptin elevates plasma and CSF incretin levels following oral administration to nonhuman primates: relevance for neurodegenerative disorders. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01120-4. [PMID: 38532069 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endogenous incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) possess neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and anti-neuroinflammatory actions. The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin reduces degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP, and, thereby, extends the circulation of these protective peptides. The current nonhuman primate (NHP) study evaluates whether human translational sitagliptin doses can elevate systemic and central nervous system (CNS) levels of GLP-1/GIP in naive, non-lesioned NHPs, in line with our prior rodent studies that demonstrated sitagliptin efficacy in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder whose current treatment is inadequate. Repositioning of the well-tolerated and efficacious diabetes drug sitagliptin provides a rapid approach to add to the therapeutic armamentarium for PD. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 3 oral sitagliptin doses (5, 20, and 100 mg/kg), equivalent to the routine clinical dose, a tolerated higher clinical dose and a maximal dose in monkey, were evaluated. Peak plasma sitagliptin levels were aligned both with prior reports in humans administered equivalent doses and with those in rodents demonstrating reduction of PD associated neurodegeneration. Although CNS uptake of sitagliptin was low (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma ratio 0.01), both plasma and CSF concentrations of GLP-1/GIP were elevated in line with efficacy in prior rodent PD studies. Additional cellular studies evaluating human SH-SY5Y and primary rat ventral mesencephalic cultures challenged with 6-hydroxydopamine, established cellular models of PD, demonstrated that joint treatment with GLP-1 + GIP mitigated cell death, particularly when combined with DPP-4 inhibition to maintain incretin levels. In conclusion, this study provides a supportive translational step towards the clinical evaluation of sitagliptin in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders for which aging, similarly, is the greatest risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kelli L Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Eun-Kyung Bae
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, 35053
| | - Ian A Tamargo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Katherine O Kopp
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Cheng-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Keith T Schmidt
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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10
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Aoun L, Almardini S, Saliba F, Haddadin F, Mourad O, Jdaidani J, Morcos Z, Al Saidi I, Bou Sanayeh E, Saliba S, Almardini M, Zaidan J. GLP-1 receptor agonists: A novel pharmacotherapy for binge eating (Binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa)? A systematic review. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2024; 35:100333. [PMID: 38449772 PMCID: PMC10915596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Systematically review evidence on using GLP-1RAs for reducing BEB in BED and BN. Methods Comprehensive literature search (PubMed and Google Scholar) conducted for studies evaluating GLP-1Ras for BEB. Extracted data on study characteristics, efficacy, and safety. Results Studies show that GLP-1RAs (liraglutide and dulaglutide) reduce BE frequency and comorbidities in addition to favorable psychiatric side effect profile compared to current options. However, large-scale, blinded placebo-controlled trials are lacking. Conclusion Early findings suggest promising effects of GLP-1RAs on BEB. However, rigorous clinical trials are needed to firmly establish efficacy, dosing, safety, and comparative effectiveness before considering GLP-1RAs a viable novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Aoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
| | - Shaza Almardini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
| | - Fares Saliba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
| | - Fadi Haddadin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
| | - Omar Mourad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
| | - Jennifer Jdaidani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
| | - Zeina Morcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
| | - Ibrahim Al Saidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
| | - Elie Bou Sanayeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
| | - Saliba Saliba
- Department of Physiology, Mcgill University, United States
| | - Michel Almardini
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Julie Zaidan
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Staten Island University Hospital, United States
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11
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Zou D, Huang X, Lan Y, Pan M, Xie J, Huang Q, Zeng J, Zou C, Pei Z, Zou C, Mao Y, Luo J. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveals that PTPRG activates the m 6A methyltransferase VIRMA to block mitophagy-mediated neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107098. [PMID: 38325728 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal death is one of the key pathologies in Alzheimer's disease (AD). How neuronal death begins in AD is far from clear, so clarifying this process may help develop effective therapies. This study collected single-cell RNA sequencing data of 85 AD samples and 83 control samples, covering the prefrontal cortex, internal olfactory cortex, superior parietal lobe, superior frontal gyrus, caudal internal olfactory cortex, somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, superior frontal cortex and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Additionally, spatial transcriptomic data of coronal sections from 6 AppNL-G-F AD mice and 6 control C57Bl/6 J mice were acquired. The main single-cell and spatial transcriptomics results were experimentally validated in wild type and 5 × FAD mice. We found that the microglia subpopulation Mic_PTPRG can communicate with specific types of neurons (especially excitatory ExNeu_PRKN_VIRMA and inhibitory InNeu_PRKN_VIRMA neuronal subpopulations) and cause them to express PTPRG during AD progression. Within neurons, PTPRG binds and upregulates the m6A methyltransferase VIRMA, thus inhibiting translation of PRKN mRNA to prevent the clearance of damaged mitochondria in neurons through suppressing mitophagy. As the disease progresses, the energy and nutrient metabolic pathways in neurons are reprogrammed, leading to their death. Consistently, we determined that PTPTRG can physically interact with VIRMA in mouse brains and PRKN is significantly upregulated in 5 × FAD mouse brain. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that PTPRG activates the m6A methyltransferase VIRMA to block mitophagy-mediated neuronal death in AD, which is a potential pathway, through which microglia and neuronal PTPRG modify neuronal connections in the brain during AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yating Lan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Mika Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jieqiong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingyi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Zifei Pei
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cuihua Zou
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530022, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Jiefeng Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China.
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12
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Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38360862 PMCID: PMC10869798 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, and disease. The advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome-host interactions. Evidence has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions, making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. As the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach, while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut hormones. Next, we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Finally, we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough comprehension of the microbiota-gut-brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Qi Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Hueh Yeow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Noguchi T, Katoh H, Nomura S, Okada K, Watanabe M. The GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide improves recovery from spinal cord injury by inducing macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1342944. [PMID: 38426018 PMCID: PMC10902060 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1342944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Although a wide variety of mechanisms take part in the secondary injury phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), inflammation is the most important factor implicated in the sequelae after SCI. Being central to the inflammation reaction, macrophages and their polarization are a topic that has garnered wide interest in the studies of SCI secondary injury. The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide has been shown to enhance the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and improve motor function recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Since exenatide has also been reported to induce the production of M2 cells in models of cerebral infarction and neurodegenerative diseases, this study was conducted to examine the effects of exenatide administration on the inflammation process that ensues after spinal cord injury. In a rat contusion model of spinal cord injury, the exenatide group received a subcutaneous injection of 10 μg exenatide immediately after injury while those in the control group received 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the effects of exenatide administration on the macrophages infiltrating the injured spinal cord, especially with regard to macrophage M1 and M2 profiles. The changes in hind limb motor function were assessed based on Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan locomotor rating scale (BBB scale) scores. The improvement in BBB scale scores was significantly higher in the exenatide group from day 7 after injury and onwards. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed an increase in the expression of M2 markers and anti-inflammatory interleukins in the exenatide group that was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of M1 markers and inflammatory cytokines. Immunohistochemical staining showed no significant difference in M1 macrophage numbers between the two groups, but a significantly higher number of M2 macrophages was observed in the exenatide group on day 3 after injury. Our findings suggest that exenatide administration promoted the number of M2-phenotype macrophages after SCI, which may have led to the observed improvement in hind limb motor function in a rat model of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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14
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Jiang X, Li J, Yao X, Ding H, Gu A, Zhou Z. Neuroprotective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor on Alzheimer's disease: a narrative review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1361651. [PMID: 38405664 PMCID: PMC10884281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1361651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in brain and amyloidogenesis are principal pathological features of diabetes-related cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of evidence suggests that maintaining glucose under control in diabetic patients is beneficial for preventing AD development. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DDP4is) are a class of novel glucose-lowering medications through increasing insulin excretion and decreasing glucagon levels that have shown neuroprotective potential in recent studies. This review consolidates extant evidence from earlier and new studies investigating the association between DPP4i use, AD, and other cognitive outcomes. Beyond DPP4i's benefits in alleviating insulin resistance and glucose-lowering, underlying mechanisms for the potential neuroprotection with DPP4i medications were categorized into the following sections: (Ferrari et al., Physiol Rev, 2021, 101, 1,047-1,081): the benefits of DPP4is on directly ameliorating the burden of β-amyloid plaques and reducing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles; DPP4i increasing the bioactivity of neuroprotective DPP4 substrates including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) etc.; pleiotropic effects of DPP4is on neuronal cells and intracerebral structure including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis. We further revisited recently published epidemiological studies that provided supportive data to compliment preclinical evidence. Given that there remains a lack of completed randomized trials that aim at assessing the effect of DPP4is in preventing AD development and progression, this review is expected to provide a useful insight into DPP4 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for AD prevention and treatment. The evidence is helpful for informing the rationales of future clinical research and guiding evidence-based clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Baoying People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Hao Ding
- Baoying People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Aihong Gu
- Baoying People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Lenharo M. Obesity drugs have another superpower: taming inflammation. Nature 2024; 626:246. [PMID: 38278941 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
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16
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Razavi SM, Arab ZN, Niknejad A, Hosseini Y, Fouladi A, Khales SD, Shahali M, Momtaz S, Butler AE, Sukhorukov VN, Jamialahmadi T, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic effects of anti-diabetic drugs on traumatic brain injury. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102949. [PMID: 38308863 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In this narrative review, we have analyzed and synthesized current studies relating to the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on traumatic brain injury (TBI) complications. METHODS Eligible studies were collected from Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for clinical, in-vivo, and in-vitro studies published on the impact of anti-diabetic drugs on TBI. RESULTS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious brain disease that is caused by any type of trauma. The pathophysiology of TBI is not yet fully understood, though physical injury and inflammatory events have been implicated in TBI progression. Several signaling pathways are known to play pivotal roles in TBI injuries, including Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), High mobility group box 1 protein/Nuclear factor kappa B (HMGB1/NF-κB), Adiponectin, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Toll-Like Receptor (TLR), Wnt/β-catenin, Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT), Nod-like receptor protein3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, Phosphoglycerate kinase 1/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (PGK1/KEAP1)/Nrf2, and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) . Recent studies suggest that oral anti-diabetic drugs such as biguanides, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUs), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPPIs), meglitinides, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) could have beneficial effects in the management of TBI complications. These drugs may downregulate the inflammatory pathways and induce antioxidant signaling pathways, thus alleviating complications of TBI. CONCLUSION Based on this comprehensive literature review, antidiabetic medications might be considered in the TBI treatment protocol. However, evidence from clinical trials in patients with TBI is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehrad Razavi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najafi Arab
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abtin Fouladi
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Darban Khales
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Shahali
- School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Medina-Julio D, Ramírez-Mejía MM, Cordova-Gallardo J, Peniche-Luna E, Cantú-Brito C, Mendez-Sanchez N. From Liver to Brain: How MAFLD/MASLD Impacts Cognitive Function. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943417. [PMID: 38282346 PMCID: PMC10836032 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MAFLD/MASLD), is a common chronic liver condition affecting a substantial global population. Beyond its primary impact on liver function, MAFLD/MASLD is associated with a myriad of extrahepatic manifestations, including cognitive impairment. The scope of cognitive impairment within the realm of MAFLD/MASLD is a matter of escalating concern. Positioned as an intermediate stage between the normal aging process and the onset of dementia, cognitive impairment manifests as a substantial challenge associated with this liver condition. Insights from studies underscore the presence of compromised executive function and a global decline in cognitive capabilities among individuals identified as being at risk of progressing to liver fibrosis. Importantly, this cognitive impairment transcends mere association with metabolic factors, delving deep into the intricate pathophysiology characterizing MAFLD/MASLD. The multifaceted nature of cognitive impairment in the context of MAFLD/MASLD is underlined by a spectrum of factors, prominently featuring insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and systemic inflammation as pivotal contributors. These factors interplay within the intricate landscape of MAFLD/MASLD, fostering a nuanced understanding of the links between hepatic health and cognitive function. By synthesizing the available evidence, exploring potential mechanisms, and assessing clinical implications, the overarching aim of this review is to contribute to a more complete understanding of the impact of MAFLD/MASLD on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Medina-Julio
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana M Ramírez-Mejía
- Liver Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM-MD/PhD), Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Cordova-Gallardo
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Hepatology, Service of Surgery and Obesity Clinic, General Hospital "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emilio Peniche-Luna
- High Academic Performance Program (PAEA), Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cantú-Brito
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departament of Neurology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nahum Mendez-Sanchez
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Liver Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Chuang CC, Wang K, Chang CK, Lee CY, Huang JY, Wu HH, Yang PJ, Yang SF. Prescription of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists and risk of subsequent open-angle glaucoma in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:540-546. [PMID: 38250602 PMCID: PMC10797676 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.90273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is an antidiabetic medication with vascular protection and anti-inflammatory properties. Theoretically, the use of GLP-1RA should inhibit the development of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) as both vascular damage and inflammation are associated with OAG. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the association between the application of GLP-1RA and the subsequent OAG in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study by using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Participants with T2DM were divided into those who used GLP-1RA and those who did not, forming the GLP-1RA and control groups. The primary outcome was the occurrence of OAG based on diagnostic codes. Cox proportional hazard regression was employed to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for OAG. Results: 91 patients in the control group developed OAG, and 40 patients in the GLP-1RA group developed OAG. After adjustment for all covariates, the GLP-1RA group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of OAG compared with the control group (aHR: 0.712, 95% CI: 0.533-0.936. P = 0.0025). In the subgroup analyses, the association between GLP-1RA use and OAG incidence was more pronounced in patients with T2DM using GLP-1RA and aged younger than 60 years (P = 0.0438). Conclusion: The prescription of GLP-1RA is associated with a lower incidence of subsequent OAG in individuals with T2DM, and this association was more significant in patients with T2DM under the age of 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Da-Yeh University, Chunghua 515, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jen-Ai Hospital Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hsiung Wu
- Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Yang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wong CK, McLean BA, Baggio LL, Koehler JA, Hammoud R, Rittig N, Yabut JM, Seeley RJ, Brown TJ, Drucker DJ. Central glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation inhibits Toll-like receptor agonist-induced inflammation. Cell Metab 2024; 36:130-143.e5. [PMID: 38113888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects relevant to the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes. Although GLP-1RAs attenuate T cell-mediated gut and systemic inflammation directly through the gut intraepithelial lymphocyte GLP-1R, how GLP-1RAs inhibit systemic inflammation in the absence of widespread immune expression of the GLP-1R remains uncertain. Here, we show that GLP-1R activation attenuates the induction of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by multiple Toll-like receptor agonists. These actions are not mediated by hematopoietic or endothelial GLP-1Rs but require central neuronal GLP-1Rs. In a cecal slurry model of polymicrobial sepsis, GLP-1RAs similarly require neuronal GLP-1Rs to attenuate detrimental responses associated with sepsis, including sickness, hypothermia, systemic inflammation, and lung injury. Mechanistically, GLP-1R activation leads to reduced TNF-α via α1-adrenergic, δ-opioid, and κ-opioid receptor signaling. These data extend emerging concepts of brain-immune networks and posit a new gut-brain GLP-1R axis for suppression of peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Kin Wong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brent A McLean
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie L Baggio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Koehler
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rola Hammoud
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolaj Rittig
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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20
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López-Ojeda W, Hurley RA. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: An Introduction and Possible Implications for Neuropsychiatry. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 36:A4-86. [PMID: 38616646 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo López-Ojeda
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (López-Ojeda, Hurley) and Department of Radiology (Hurley), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C.; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
| | - Robin A Hurley
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (López-Ojeda, Hurley) and Department of Radiology (Hurley), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C.; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
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21
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Lv S, Wang Q, Liu W, Zhang X, Cui M, Li X, Xu Y. Comparison of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients: A network meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 115:105113. [PMID: 37418819 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise helps enhance cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients, although the most effective forms of exercise remain unknown. METHODS This network meta-analysis was registered in INPLASY (INPLASY202330066). According to predetermined criteria, this investigation comprised randomized controlled studies involving exercise therapies in people with Alzheimer's disease. The exercise intervention was ranked using surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) and mean ranking, with the critical goal outcomes being overall cognition, executive function, and memory function. RESULTS Resistance exercise is the most likely strategy to be beneficial for slowing down overall cognitive function loss in Alzheimer's patients (72.4%). Additionally, multi-component exercise was the most effective way to improve executive function (30.4%). The only type of exercise that significantly affects memory function is resistance exercise. Memory is the cognitive function that is least responsive to exercise. CONCLUSION Resistance exercise may be an efficient intervention for overall cognitive function decline in patients with Alzheimer's and conjointly for their memory function. Multi-component exercise is more effective in improving executive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
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22
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Lv C, Han S, Sha Z, Liu M, Dong S, Zhang C, Li Z, Zhang K, Lu S, Xu Z, Bie L, Jiang R. Cerebral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation alleviates traumatic brain injury by glymphatic system regulation in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3876-3888. [PMID: 37353947 PMCID: PMC10651945 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to assess the effects of cerebral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation on the glymphatic system and whether this effect was therapeutic for traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Immunofluorescence was employed to evaluate glymphatic system function. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, microvascular basement membrane, and tight junction expression were assessed using Evans blue extravasation, immunofluorescence, and western blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess axonal damage. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated using Nissl staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and western blot. Cognitive function was assessed using behavioral tests. RESULTS Cerebral GLP-1R activation restored glymphatic transport following TBI, alleviating BBB disruption and neuronal apoptosis, thereby improving cognitive function following TBI. Glymphatic function suppression by treatment using aquaporin 4 inhibitor TGN-020 abolished the protective effect of the GLP-1R agonist against cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION Cerebral GLP-1R activation can effectively ameliorate neuropathological changes and cognitive impairment following TBI; the underlying mechanism could involve the repair of the glymphatic system damaged by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiang Lv
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhuang Sha
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of EducationTianjinChina
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of EducationTianjinChina
| | - Shiying Dong
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of EducationTianjinChina
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zean Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shouyong Lu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhiyang Xu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Li Bie
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post‐Neuroinjury Neuro‐repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous SystemTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Ministry of EducationTianjinChina
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23
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Fan YC, Peng SY, Chang CK, Lee CY, Huang JY, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. The Utilization of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Agonists and Risk of Following External Eye Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Individuals: A Population-Based Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2749. [PMID: 37893823 PMCID: PMC10606163 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist showed anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory effects, which may retard the risk of external eye disease. The protective effect of GLP-1 agonist and dry eye disease (DED) was found, while the relationship between GLP-1 agonist and other corneal diseases was not clear. Herein, we aim to evaluate the association between the usage of GLP-1 agonists and the development of the following external eye disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan was conducted. The T2DM patients were divided into those with GLP-1 treatment and those without GLP-1 treatment and matched with a 1:2 ratio. The main outcomes were the development of dry eye disease (DED), superficial keratitis, and infectious keratitis. The Cox proportional hazard regression was adopted to produce the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of external eye diseases between groups. There were 115, 54, and 11 episodes of DED, superficial keratitis, and infectious keratitis in the GLP-1 group. Another 280, 168, and 31 events of DED, superficial keratitis, and infectious keratitis were recorded in the control group. The GLP-1 group demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of DED (aHR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.668-0.989, p = 0.0356) and superficial keratitis (aHR: 0.670, 95% CI: 0.475-0.945, p = 0.0107) compared to the control group. In the subgroup analyses, the correlation of GLP-1 agonist and DED development was more prominent in patients younger than 60 years old (p = 0.0018). In conclusion, the GLP-1 agonist treatments are significantly associated with a lower incidence of subsequent DED and superficial keratitis, while the relationship was not significant between GLP-1 agonist usage and infectious keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chi Fan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yen Peng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jen-Ai Hospital Dali Branch, Taichung 412, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Chang
- Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Da-Yeh University, Chunghua 515, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jen-Ai Hospital Dali Branch, Taichung 412, Taiwan
- Nobel Eye Institute, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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24
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Zhu H, Guan A, Liu J, Peng L, Zhang Z, Wang S. Noteworthy perspectives on microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:223. [PMID: 37794488 PMCID: PMC10548593 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood-brain barrier architecture, and intriguingly, the regulation of emotions and behaviors. Microglia have a profound impact on neuronal survival, brain wiring and synaptic plasticity. As professional phagocytic cells in the brain, they remove dead cell debris and neurotoxic agents via an elaborate mechanism. The functional profile of microglia varies considerately depending on age, gender, disease context and other internal or external environmental factors. Numerous studies have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders, including negative affection, social deficit, compulsive behavior, fear memory, pain and other symptoms associated with major depression disorder, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the latest discoveries regarding microglial ontogeny, cell subtypes or state spectrum, biological functions and mechanistic underpinnings of emotional and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of microglia-targeted therapies of neuropsychiatric disorders, and propose outstanding questions to be addressed in future research of human microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ao Guan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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25
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Drucker DJ, Holst JJ. The expanding incretin universe: from basic biology to clinical translation. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1765-1779. [PMID: 36976349 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Incretin hormones, principally glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), potentiate meal-stimulated insulin secretion through direct (GIP + GLP-1) and indirect (GLP-1) actions on islet β-cells. GIP and GLP-1 also regulate glucagon secretion, through direct and indirect pathways. The incretin hormone receptors (GIPR and GLP-1R) are widely distributed beyond the pancreas, principally in the brain, cardiovascular and immune systems, gut and kidney, consistent with a broad array of extrapancreatic incretin actions. Notably, the glucoregulatory and anorectic activities of GIP and GLP-1 have supported development of incretin-based therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here we review evolving concepts of incretin action, focusing predominantly on GLP-1, from discovery, to clinical proof of concept, to therapeutic outcomes. We identify established vs uncertain mechanisms of action, highlighting biology conserved across species, while illuminating areas of active investigation and uncertainty that require additional clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jens J Holst
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Tian S, Jiang J, Wang J, Zhang Z, Miao Y, Ji X, Bi Y. Comparison on cognitive outcomes of antidiabetic agents for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3673. [PMID: 37302139 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to summarise current evidence on different antidiabetic drugs to delay cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia, among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Medline, Cochrane and Embase databases were searched from inception to 31 July 2022. Two investigators independently reviewed and screened trials comparing antidiabetic drugs with no antidiabetic drugs, placebo, or other active antidiabetic drugs on cognitive outcomes in T2DM. Data were analysed using meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomised controlled trials, 19 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies. Compared with non-user, SGLT-2i (OR 0.41 [95% CI 0.22-0.76]), GLP-1RA (OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.14-0.85]), thiazolidinedione (OR 0.60 [95% CI 0.51-0.69]), and DPP-4i (OR 0.78 [95% CI 0.61-0.99]) users had a decreased risk of dementia, whereas sulfonylurea (OR 1.43 [95% CI 1.11-1.82]) increased dementia risk. Network meta-analysis showed that SGLT-2i was most likely to rank best (SUCRA = 94.4%), GLP-1 RA second best (SUCRA = 92.7%), thiazolidinedione third best (SUCRA = 74.7%) and DPP-4i fourth best (SUCRA = 54.9%), while sulfonylurea second worst (SUCRA = 20.0%) for decreasing dementia outcomes, by synthesising evidence from direct and indirect comparisons of multiple intervention. Evidence suggests the effects of SGLT-2i ≈ GLP-1 RAs > thiazolidinedione > DPP-4i for delaying cognitive impairment, dementia and AD outcomes, whereas sulfonylurea was associated with the highest risk. These findings provide evidence for evaluating the optional treatment for clinical practice. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: Registration no. CRD42022347280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingwen Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlu Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing, China
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27
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Solini A, Tricò D, Del Prato S. Incretins and cardiovascular disease: to the heart of type 2 diabetes? Diabetologia 2023; 66:1820-1831. [PMID: 37542009 PMCID: PMC10473999 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Major cardiovascular outcome trials and real-life observations have proven that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), regardless of structural GLP-1 homology, exert clinically relevant cardiovascular protection. GLP-1RAs provide cardioprotective benefits through glycaemic and non-glycaemic effects, including improved insulin secretion and action, body-weight loss, blood-pressure lowering and improved lipid profile, as well as via direct effects on the heart and vasculature. These actions are likely combined with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that translate into robust and consistent reductions in atherothrombotic events, particularly in people with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic CVD. GLP-1RAs may also have an impact on obesity and chronic kidney disease, conditions for which cardiovascular risk-reducing options are limited. The available evidence has prompted professional and medical societies to recommend GLP-1RAs for mitigation of the cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes. This review summarises the clinical evidence for cardiovascular protection with use of GLP-1RAs and the main mechanisms underlying this effect. Moreover, it looks into how the availability of upcoming dual and triple incretin receptor agonists might expand the possibility for cardiovascular protection in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science", Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
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28
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Erichsen J, Craft S. Targeting immunometabolic pathways for combination therapy in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2023; 9:e12423. [PMID: 37786483 PMCID: PMC10541802 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent success of disease-modifying anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies in slowing Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms has been an exciting step forward for the field. Despite successfully clearing amyloid from the brain, however, only modest symptomatic improvement has been demonstrated, and treatment-related side effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) limit use for some. These limitations suggest that fully efficacious AD treatment may require combination therapy regimens, as are used in other complex disorders such as cancer and HIV. One reasonable strategy may be to use agents that address the biological changes that predict future amyloid accumulation, or accompany amyloid accumulation in preclinical disease states. Immunometabolic pathways, including the insulin signaling pathway, are dysregulated at the earliest stages of AD, concomitant with amyloid accumulation. It is plausible that agents that target these pathways may work synergistically with anti-amyloid therapies to halt AD progression. Insulin signaling is integrally involved in innate and adaptive immune systems, with pleiotropic effects that moderate pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Metabolic modulators that enhance insulin sensitivity and function, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and insulin itself have been shown to improve immune function and reduce chronic inflammation. Additional effects of insulin and metabolic modulators demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies of AD include increased clearance of amyloid-β, slowed tau progression, improved vascular function and lipid metabolism, reduced synaptotoxicity, and improved cognitive and functional outcomes. A large number of compounds that treat metabolic disorders have been extensively characterized with respect to mechanism of action and safety, and thus are readily available to be repurposed for combination therapy protocols. Determining the most successful combination regimens of these agents together with disease-modifying therapies, and the appropriate timing of treatment, are promising next steps in the quest to treat and prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Erichsen
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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29
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Ma JX, Chen T, Xue H, Zhang M, Li ZY, Li X, Wang YT, Kang N, Wang FY, Tang XD. Jian-Pi-Yin decoction attenuates lactose-induced chronic diarrhea in rats by regulating GLP-1 and reducing NHE3 ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17444. [PMID: 37539150 PMCID: PMC10395042 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Jian-Pi-Yin decoction (JPY), a prescription derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San, has shown good clinical efficacy in the treatment of diarrhea caused by lactose intolerance. However, the mechanism of action of JPY in the treatment of diarrhea is not fully understood. Design In this study, a rat diarrhea model was induced by high lactose feeding combined with standing on a small platform to investigate the ameliorating effect of JPY on hyper lactose-induced diarrhea in rats and its possible mechanism. Methods The rat model of hyper lactose diarrhea was given high, medium, and low doses of JPY and the positive control drug Smida by gavage for 1 week. At the same time, NA+-H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) inhibitor Tenapanor was administered orally for 3 weeks. Body weight, food intake, water intake, grip strength, and severity of diarrhea symptoms were measured in rats throughout the study. The serum, colon, and jejunum tissues of the model and drug-treated rats were collected for histopathological examination and analysis of relevant indicators. Results JPY significantly alleviated the symptoms of fatigue, diet reduction and diarrhea in the model group. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) expression were also down-regulated after JPY treatment. JPY can significantly promote NHE3 in intestinal tissues of rats with diarrhea, and the mechanism is related to the decrease of GLP-1, inhibition of cAMP/PKA pathway activation, an increase of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) and USP10 expression, and decrease of NHE3 ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Conclusion JPY can reduce the expression of GLP-1, reduce the ubiquitination and phosphorylation of NHE3, regulate the expression of NHE3, at least partly improve ion transport in the intestinal epithelium, and improve the imbalance of electrolyte absorption, thus significantly reducing the diarrhea symptoms of rats with high lactose combined with small platform standing. Innovation In this study, we explored the mechanism of intestinal GLP-1 activation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway from multiple dimensions, and increased its expression by reducing phosphorylation and ubiquitination of NHE3, thereby treating chronic diarrhea associated with lactose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-xin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Zhongzhi Dong Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhongzhi Dong Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhongzhi Dong Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhongzhi Dong Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhong-yu Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhongzhi Dong Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North Third Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yi-tian Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhongzhi Dong Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Nan Kang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Feng-yun Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhongzhi Dong Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xu-dong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Zhongzhi Dong Lu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Nanxiao Street, Dongzhimen Nei, Beijing, 100700, China
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Pandey S, Mangmool S, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Wichaiyo S, Luangmonkong T, Parichatikanond W. Exendin-4 protects against high glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells through GLP-1 receptor/Epac/Akt signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175896. [PMID: 37391007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction under diabetic condition leads to the development and progression of neurodegenerative complications. Recently, the beneficial effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists on diabetic neuropathies have been widely recognized. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists against high glucose (HG)-induced neuronal damages is not completely elucidated. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal damages under HG-conditions mimicking a diabetic hyperglycemic state in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We revealed that treatment with exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, not only increased the expression of survival markers, phospho-Akt/Akt and Bcl-2, but also decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic marker, Bax, and reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) defense markers (catalase, SOD-2, and HO-1) under HG conditions. The expressions of mitochondrial function associated genes, MCU and UCP3, and mitochondrial fission genes, DRP1 and FIS1, were decreased by exendin-4 compared to non-treated levels, while the protein expression levels of mitochondrial homeostasis regulators, Parkin and PINK1, were enhanced. In addition, blockade of Epac and Akt activities was able to antagonize these neuroprotective effects of exendin-4. Collectively, we demonstrated that stimulation of GLP-1 receptor propagates a neuroprotective cascade against the oxidative stresses and mitochondrial dysfunctions as well as augments survival through the Epac/Akt-dependent pathway. Therefore, the revealed mechanisms underlying GLP-1 receptor pathway by preserving mitochondrial homeostasis would be a therapeutic candidate to alleviate neuronal dysfunctions and delay the progression of diabetic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Surasak Wichaiyo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Theerut Luangmonkong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Meng Y, Sun J, Zhang G. Fecal microbiota transplantation holds the secret to youth. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 212:111823. [PMID: 37192676 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging shows itself not just at the cellular level, with shortened telomeres and cell cycle arrest, but also at the organ and organismal level, with diminished brainpower, dry eyes, intestinal inflammation, muscular atrophy, wrinkles, etc. When the gut microbiota, often called the "virtual organ of the host," fails to function normally, it can lead to a cascade of health problems including, but not limited to, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, metabolic liver disease, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and even neurological disorders. An effective strategy for restoring healthy gut bacteria is fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). It can reverse the effects of aging on the digestive system, the brain, and the vision by transplanting the functional bacteria found in the excrement of healthy individuals into the gut tracts of patients. This paves the way for future research into using the microbiome as a therapeutic target for disorders associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 44, Xiaoheyan road, Dadong district, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biobank, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 44, Xiaoheyan road, Dadong district, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute. No. 44, Xiaoheyan road, Dadong district, Shenyang, 110042, China
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Pang B, Zhang LL, Li B, Sun FX, Wang ZD. The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor ertugliflozin for Alzheimer's disease: Inhibition of brain insulin signaling disruption-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114134. [PMID: 36809844 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
An antidiabetic agent sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor ertugliflozin has been revealed to bind to catalytic anionic site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is considered to be associated with the cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was thus to probe the effect of ertugliflozin on AD. Intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ/i.c.v) (3 mg/kg) was done bilaterally in male Wistar rats at 7-8 weeks of age. Two treatment doses (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of ertugliflozin were given intragastrically to STZ/i.c.v-induced rats for 20 days daily for behavioral assessment. Biochemical estimations of cholinergic activity, neuronal apoptosis, mitochondrial function and synaptic plasticity were performed. Behavioral results with ertugliflozin treatment revealed attenuation of cognitive deficit. Ertugliflozin also inhibited hippocampal AChE activity, downregulated pro-apoptotic marker expression, as well as mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage in STZ/i.c.v rats. Importantly, we found that the hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus of STZ/i.c.v rats was decreased after oral administration of ertugliflozin, which was accompanied by decreased Phospho.IRS-1Ser307/Total.IRS-1 ratio and increased Phospho.AktSer473/Total.Akt and Phospho.GSK3βSer9/Total.GSK3β ratios. Our results indicated that treatment with ertugliflozin reversed AD pathology, which may be associated with inhibition of insulin signaling disruption-induced tau hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Feng-Xian Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Da Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
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34
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Kopp KO, Greer ME, Glotfelty EJ, Hsueh SC, Tweedie D, Kim DS, Reale M, Vargesson N, Greig NH. A New Generation of IMiDs as Treatments for Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050747. [PMID: 37238617 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory imide drug (IMiD) class, which includes the founding drug member thalidomide and later generation drugs, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, has dramatically improved the clinical treatment of specific cancers, such as multiple myeloma, and it combines potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory actions. These actions, in large part, are mediated by IMiD binding to the human protein cereblon that forms a critical component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. This complex ubiquitinates and thereby regulates the levels of multiple endogenous proteins. However, IMiD-cereblon binding modifies cereblon's normal targeted protein degradation towards a new set of neosubstrates that underlies the favorable pharmacological action of classical IMiDs, but also their adverse actions-in particular, their teratogenicity. The ability of classical IMiDs to reduce the synthesis of key proinflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α levels, makes them potentially valuable to reposition as drugs to mitigate inflammatory-associated conditions and, particularly, neurological disorders driven by an excessive neuroinflammatory element, as occurs in traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and ischemic stroke. The teratogenic and anticancer actions of classical IMiDs are substantial liabilities for effective drugs in these disorders and can theoretically be dialed out of the drug class. We review a select series of novel IMiDs designed to avoid binding with human cereblon and/or evade degradation of downstream neosubstrates considered to underpin the adverse actions of thalidomide-like drugs. These novel non-classical IMiDs hold potential as new medications for erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a painful inflammatory skin condition associated with Hansen's disease for which thalidomide remains widely used, and, in particular, as a new treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disorders in which neuroinflammation is a key component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine O Kopp
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Margaret E Greer
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Aevisbio Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
- Aevis Bio Inc., Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd., NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Hou W, Huang H, Wu XQ, Lan JX. Bioactivities and mechanism of action of securinega alkaloids derivatives reported prior to 2022. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114190. [PMID: 36916441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Securinega alkaloids are indolizidine alkaloids extracted from the leaf and root of an Asian plant, Securinega suffruticosa. Since its discovery in 1956 by Russian scientists, numerous studies have been conducted on securinega alkaloids and their derivatives as bioactive agents. In this review, published work on the bioactivities and the mechanism of action of securinega alkaloids and their derivatives is addressed. References were obtained through for example, the Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Research into the synthesis of securinega alkaloids and their derivatives lacking activity assessment has been excluded. Comprehensive reviews show that securinega alkaloids and their derivatives exhibit a wide range of activities among which antineoplastic activity and nervous system related activity were reported although the mechanisms of action remain in part unknown. The other activities such as induction of differentiation, reversal of multi-drug resistance, cardiovascular system related activity, anti-inflammatory, adjuvant agent and anti-pathogenic activity are also reviewed. We found that modification at the C12, C14, and C15 sites on securinine improves the antitumor activity, while derivatives in which a bivalent mimetic is linked to the C15 site is beneficial for differentiation induction activity and reversal of P-glycoprotein mediated drug resistance. The most related pathways involved in the bioactivity of securinega alkaloids and their derivatives are JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK. A perspective and expectation concerning the research of securinega alkaloids is presented at the end of this article. This review indicates directions around which constant endeavor could be valuable for researchers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou 514000, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
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Wu H, Ou Y, Wang S, Yu F, Fan X, Kang H, Chen T. Considering the protective effect of exendin-4 against oxidative stress in spiral ganglion neurons. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1423-1430. [PMID: 37970444 PMCID: PMC10634057 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69190.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The protection of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) is crucial for hearing loss. Exendin-4 has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several neurological disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the glucagon-like protein-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 on kanamycin-induced injury in mouse SGNs in vitro. Materials and Methods In this study, GLP-1R expression in SGNs was verified by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. In vitro-cultured SGNs and the organ of Corti were exposed to kanamycin with or without exendin-4 treatment. The cell survival rate was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay, and the damage to auditory nerve fibers (ANF) projecting radially from the SGNs was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was determined by flow cytometry, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined by spectrophotometry. Protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) was detected using western blotting. Results GLP-1R was expressed in SGNs. Treatment with 1 mM kanamycin for 24 hr induced SGN damage. Exendin-4 (100 nM) had a protective effect against kanamycin-induced SGN cell injury, improved cell survival rate, reduced nerve fiber injury, increased SOD activity and GSH-Px level, and reduced MDA and ROS contents. The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was activated. Conclusion Exendin-4 alleviates oxidative damage and exerts neuroprotective effects in kanamycin-induced SGN injury through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Exendin-4 has the potential to prevent or treat hearing loss due to SGN damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Yangxi Ou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Siji Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Fenghui Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Houyong Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
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Ma Z, Jin K, Yue M, Chen X, Chen J. Research Progress on the GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Coagonist Tirzepatide, a Rising Star in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:5891532. [PMID: 37096236 PMCID: PMC10122586 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5891532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic disease that has become a growing health problem worldwide, and the dangers of hyperglycemia and its chronic complications have long been considered a goal of diabetes treatment. In recent years, tirzepatide has become the first dual GIP/GLP-1R agonist approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the United States as a new hypoglycemic medicine. Its hypoglycaemic and weight loss effects have been demonstrated in several large clinical trials, and there is also evidence that it has great potential for cardiovascular protection. In addition, the very concept of synthetic peptides opens up many unknown possibilities for tirzepatide. Ongoing trials (NCT04166773) and evidence suggest that it appears to be a promising drug in the areas of NAFLD, renal, and neuroprotection. Based on preclinical studies and clinical trials, the aim of this article is to discuss the latest clinical developments in tirzepatide, to focus on its differences with other incretin therapies, and to suggest future possibilities and mechanisms of tirzepatide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ma
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Daling Road 16, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Kaiqin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Mengmeng Yue
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Daling Road 16, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Daling Road 16, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Daling Road 16, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
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