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de Sousa DP, Damasceno ROS, Amorati R, Elshabrawy HA, de Castro RD, Bezerra DP, Nunes VRV, Gomes RC, Lima TC. Essential Oils: Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1144. [PMID: 37509180 PMCID: PMC10377445 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the main mechanisms of pharmacological action of essential oils and their components in various biological systems. A brief introduction on essential oil chemistry is presented to better understand the relationship of chemical aspects with the bioactivity of these products. Next, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities are discussed. The mechanisms of action against various types of viruses are also addressed. The data show that the multiplicity of pharmacological properties of essential oils occurs due to the chemical diversity in their composition and their ability to interfere with biological processes at cellular and multicellular levels via interaction with various biological targets. Therefore, these natural products can be a promising source for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damião P de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Oliveira S Damasceno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Ricardo D de Castro
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Vitória Regina V Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Rebeca C Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Tamires C Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
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Paudel P, Pandey P, Paris JJ, Ashpole NM, Mahdi F, Tian JM, Lee J, Wang M, Xu M, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Ross SA, Li XC. Cannabinoid Receptor Type II Ligands from Sandalwood Oil and Synthetic α-Santalol Derivatives. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023. [PMID: 37450763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the essential oil of Santalum album led to the identification of α-santalol (1) and β-santalol (2) as new chemotypes of cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2) ligands with Ki values of 10.49 and 8.19 μM, respectively. Nine structurally new α-santalol derivatives (4a-4h and 5) were synthesized to identify more selective and potent CB2 ligands. Compound 4e with a piperazine structural moiety demonstrated a Ki value of 0.99 μM against CB2 receptor and did not show binding activity against cannabinoid receptor type I (CB1) at 10 μM. Compounds 1, 2, and 4e increased intracellular calcium influx in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells that were attenuated by CB2 antagonism or inverse agonism, supporting the results that these compounds are CB2 agonists. Molecular docking showed that 1 and 4e had similar binding poses, exhibiting a unique interaction with Thr114 within the CB2 receptor, and that the piperazine structural moiety is required for the binding affinity of 4e. A 200 ns molecular dynamics simulation of CB2 complexed with 4e confirmed the stability of the complex. This structural insight lays a foundation to further design and synthesize more potent and selective α-santalol-based CB2 ligands for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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Chakraborty S, Chauhan A. Fighting the flu: a brief review on anti-influenza agents. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-52. [PMID: 36946567 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2191081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The influenza virus causes one of the most prevalent and lethal infectious viral diseases of the respiratory system; the disease progression varies from acute self-limiting mild fever to disease chronicity and death. Although both the preventive and treatment measures have been vital in protecting humans against seasonal epidemics or sporadic pandemics, there are several challenges to curb the influenza virus such as limited or poor cross-protection against circulating virus strains, moderate protection in immune-compromised patients, and rapid emergence of resistance. Currently, there are four US-FDA-approved anti-influenza drugs to treat flu infection, viz. Rapivab, Relenza, Tamiflu, and Xofluza. These drugs are classified based on their mode of action against the viral replication cycle with the first three being Neuraminidase inhibitors, and the fourth one targeting the viral polymerase. The emergence of the drug-resistant strains of influenza, however, underscores the need for continuous innovation towards development and discovery of new anti-influenza agents with enhanced antiviral effects, greater safety, and improved tolerability. Here in this review, we highlighted commercially available antiviral agents besides those that are at different stages of development including under clinical trials, with a brief account of their antiviral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwini Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Tripura University, Agartala, India
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Ahmed SS, Al-Mamun A, Hossain SI, Akter F, Ahammad I, Chowdhury ZM, Salimullah M. Virtual screening reveals liquiritigenin as a broad-spectrum inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35971968 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 has severely impacted the lives of people worldwide. Global concern is on the rise due to a large number of unexpected mutations in the viral genome, resulting in new variants. Nature-based bioactive phytochemicals hold great promise as inhibitors against pathogenic viruses. The current study was aimed at evaluating some bioactive antiviral phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. A total of 46 phytochemicals were screened against the pathogenic spike protein of Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma, and Omicron variants. In addition to molecular docking, screening for favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity was undertaken. For each of the aforementioned five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation was run to assess the stability of the complexes between their respective spike protein receptor-binding domain and the best-selected compound. From our current investigation, the natural compound liquiritigenin turned out to be the most promising potential lead compound against almost all the variants. These findings could pave the way for the development of effective medications against SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, in vivo trials in future studies are necessary for further validation of our results.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Imran Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Akter
- Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiaque Ahammad
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
- Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salimullah
- Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Reichling J. Antiviral and Virucidal Properties of Essential Oils and Isolated Compounds - A Scientific Approach. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:587-603. [PMID: 34144626 DOI: 10.1055/a-1382-2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils and isolated essential oil compounds are known to exert various pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and wound healing effects. Based on selected articles, this review deals with the potential antiviral and virucidal activities of essential oils and essential oil compounds together with their mechanism of action as well as in silico studies involving viral and host cell-specific target molecules that are indispensable for virus cell adsorption, penetration, and replication. The reported in vitro and in vivo studies highlight the baseline data about the latest findings of essential oils and essential oil compounds antiviral and virucidal effects on enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, taking into account available biochemical and molecular biological tests. The results of many in vitro studies revealed that several essential oils and essential oil compounds from different medicinal and aromatic plants are potent antiviral and virucidal agents that inhibit viral progeny by blocking different steps of the viral infection/replication cycle of DNA and RNA viruses in various host cell lines. Studies in mice infected with viruses causing respiratory diseases showed that different essential oils and essential oil compounds were able to prolong the life of infected animals, reduce virus titers in brain and lung tissues, and significantly inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, some in vitro studies on hydrophilic nano-delivery systems encapsulating essential oils/essential oil compounds exhibited a promising way to improve the chemical stability and enhance the water solubility, bioavailabilty, and antiviral efficacy of essential oils and essential oil compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Reichling
- Formerly Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mahfooz S, Itrat M, Uddin H, Khan TN. Unani medicinal herbs as potential air disinfectants: an evidence-based review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:155-168. [PMID: 34384009 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Indoor air quality has a significant impact on our health and quality of life, as people spends 80-90% of their time indoors. Fumigation of several medicinal herbs has been recommended by Unani scholars to improve air quality, but their efficacy in air purification is still unknown. Hence, this article aims to discuss the applicability of proposed medicinal herbs in the light of current researches. METHODS A manual literature survey of classical Unani texts was conducted to collect information about the herbs recommended for air purification. In addition, research databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were extensively searched for evidence on the efficacy and mechanism of action of the suggested herbs in air purification. RESULTS In classical Unani texts, authors have found descriptions of 26 herbs that have been recommended for improving air quality. In-vitro studies have confirmed the antimicrobial activity of 19 of these herbs. Moreover, the efficacy of Styrax benzoin, Commiphora myrrha and Acorus calamus fumigation on aerial microbes have also been validated by studies. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the literature review clearly demonstrated that the herbs recommended by Unani scholars for air purification have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, indicating that these herbs could be a potential candidate for air disinfectant. Therefore, authors recommend the further researches on proposed herbs to validate their efficiency against airborne pathogens in the vapour phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Mahfooz
- Department of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tib (Preventive and Social Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Malik Itrat
- Department of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tib (Preventive and Social Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hamid Uddin
- Department of Ilmul Saidla (Unani Pharmacy), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tariq Nadeem Khan
- Department of Kulliyat-e-Tib (Basic Principles of Unani Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ashrafi S, Rahman M, Ahmed P, Alam S, Hossain MA. Prospective Asian plants with corroborated antiviral potentials: Position standing in recent years. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 35402627 PMCID: PMC8980796 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases are extremely widespread infections caused by viruses. Amongst numerous other illnesses, viral infections have challenged human existence severely. Over the history of mankind, new viruses have emerged and presented us with new tests. The range of viral infections varies from familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu, and warts to severe ailments such as AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19. The world has been racing to find an effective cure for the newly evolving viruses. Toxic effects, non-selectivity, drug resistance, and high price are the most common complications of conventional treatment procedures. Nature is a marvelous source of phytoconstituents with incredible varieties of biological activities. By tradition, medicinal plants have been utilized for the treatment of countless infectious diseases worldwide, some of which contain a broad spectrum of activities. Modern drug discovery and development techniques offer highly efficient separation techniques, inauguration of vector-based schemes where the original infectious virus is cloned to the non-infectious one for antiviral screening targets. The objective of the review was to gather available data on 20 both cultivated and native plants of Asia giving antiviral activities and provide comprehensive information on the phytochemical analysis of the plants and potential antiviral compounds isolated from these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Mamunur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Pollob Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Md Abid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Khuntia BK, Sharma V, Wadhawan M, Chhabra V, Kidambi B, Rathore S, Agrawal A, Ram A, Qazi S, Ahmad S, Raza K, Sharma G. Antiviral Potential of Indian Medicinal Plants Against Influenza and SARS-CoV: A Systematic Review. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221086988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to human health due to the lack of drugs that can potentially act against SARS-CoV -2. Also, even after the emergency approval of WHO, the vaccines’ efficacy is still a question, and people are getting reinfections. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of traditional medicinal plants against influenza and SARS coronavirus. The present article aims to review potential phytochemicals from Indian medicinal plants that may be used against SARS-CoV-2. Articles published in the English language between 1992 and 2021 were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, and Google scholar using relevant keywords, and the scientific literature on efficacies of Indian medicinal plants against SARS-CoV and influenza virus were analyzed. The initial search revealed 1304 studies, but, on subsequent screening, 115 eligible studies were reported. Twenty research articles investigating traditional medicinal plant extracts and metabolites against SARS-CoV and influenza A virus in in vitro and in vivo systems satisfied the search criteria. The studies reported that plant extracts and active compounds such as glycyrrhizin, 14-α-lipoyl andrographolide, and curcumin from medicinal plants such as Yashtimadhu ( Glycyrrhiza glabra), Bhunimba ( Andrographis paniculata), and Haridra ( Curcuma longa) are effective against the various phases of the virus life cycle, viz., virus-host cell attachment, viral replication, 3CL protease activity, neuraminidase activity, adsorption and penetration of the virus. As per ancient Indian literature, plants in Ayurveda possess Rasayana (revitalizing) and Jwara hara (antipyretic, anti-inflammatory) properties. This evidence may be used to conduct experimental and clinical trials to study the underlying mechanisms and efficacy of antiviral properties of Indian medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Krushna Khuntia
- Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), All India Institute of MedicalSciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Vandna Sharma
- Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), All India Institute of MedicalSciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Wadhawan
- Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), All India Institute of MedicalSciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Chhabra
- Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), All India Institute of MedicalSciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Bharatraj Kidambi
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhangi Rathore
- Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), All India Institute of MedicalSciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Aman Agrawal
- Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), All India Institute of MedicalSciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Amirtha Ram
- Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), All India Institute of MedicalSciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sahar Qazi
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaban Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalid Raza
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Optimized biosynthesis of santalenes and santalols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8795-8804. [PMID: 34738171 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Santalenes and santalols from Santalum album are the main components of the valuable spice sandalwood essential oil, which also has excellent pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. Firstly, we constructed biosynthesis pathways of santalenes by synthetic biology strategy. The assembled biosynthetic cassettes were integrated into the multiple copy loci of δ gene in S. cerevisiae BY4742 with assistance of pDi-CRISPR, and 94.6 mg/L santalenes was obtained by shake flask fermentation of engineered yeast. Secondly, a selected optimized P450-CPR redox system was integrated into the chromosome of the santalenes-producing strain with a single copy, and 24.6 mg/L santalols were obtained. Finally, the yields of santalenes and santalols were increased to 164.7 and 68.8 mg/L, respectively, by downregulating ERG9 gene. This is the first report on the de novo synthesis of santalols by P450-CPR chimera in S. cerevisiae. Meanwhile, the optimized chimeric CYP736A167opt-46tATR1opt exhibits higher activity to oxidize santalenes into santalols. It would provide a feasible solution for the optimal biosynthesis of santalols. KEY POINTS: • First-time de novo synthesis of santalols by P450-CPR chimera in S. cerevisiae. • Truncated 46tATR1 has higher activity than that of CPR2. • Yields of santalenes and santalols were increased by downregulating ERG9 gene.
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Al-Salihi SAA, Alberti F. Naturally Occurring Terpenes: A Promising Class of Organic Molecules to Address Influenza Pandemics. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:405-419. [PMID: 33939136 PMCID: PMC8090910 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the olden times, infectious diseases have largely affected human existence. The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs. The casualties of these emergencies are significantly influenced by the way human beings interact with the reservoirs, especially the animal ones. In our review we will consider the evolutionary and the ecological scales of such infections and their consequences on the public health, with a focus on the pathogenic influenza A virus. The nutraceutical properties of fungal and plant terpene-like molecules will be linked to their ability to lessen the symptoms of viral infections and shed light on their potential use in the development of new drugs. New challenging methods in antiviral discovery will also be discussed in this review. The authors believe that pharmacognosy is the "wave of future pharmaceuticals", as it can be continually produced and scaled up under eco-friendly requirements. Further diagnostic methods and strategies however are required to standardise those naturally occurring resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Alberti
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Ti H. Phytochemical Profiles and their Anti-inflammatory Responses Against Influenza from Traditional Chinese Medicine or Herbs. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:2153-2164. [PMID: 32767941 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807134921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or herbs are widely used in the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of TCMs remain largely obscure due to complicated material basis and multi-target therapeutics. TCMs have been reported to display anti-influenza activity associated with immunoregulatory mechanisms by enhancing host antiinfluenza immune responses. Previous studies have helped us understand the direct harm caused by the virus itself. In this review, we have tried to summarize recent progress in TCM-based anti-influenza research on the indirect harmful immune responses caused by influenza viruses. In particular, the phytochemicals from TCMs responsible for molecular mechanisms of action belonging to different classes, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides, have been identified and demonstrated. In addition, this review focuses on the pharmacological mechanism, e.g., inflammatory responses and the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, which can provide a theoretical basis and approaches for TCM based anti-influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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12
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Těšitel J, Li AR, Knotková K, McLellan R, Bandaranayake PCG, Watson DM. The bright side of parasitic plants: what are they good for? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1309-1324. [PMID: 33793868 PMCID: PMC8133642 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants are mostly viewed as pests. This is caused by several species causing serious damage to agriculture and forestry. There is however much more to parasitic plants than presumed weeds. Many parasitic plans exert even positive effects on natural ecosystems and human society, which we review in this paper. Plant parasitism generally reduces the growth and fitness of the hosts. The network created by a parasitic plant attached to multiple host plant individuals may however trigger transferring systemic signals among these. Parasitic plants have repeatedly been documented to play the role of keystone species in the ecosystems. Harmful effects on community dominants, including invasive species, may facilitate species coexistence and thus increase biodiversity. Many parasitic plants enhance nutrient cycling and provide resources to other organisms like herbivores or pollinators, which contributes to facilitation cascades in the ecosystems. There is also a long tradition of human use of parasitic plants for medicinal and cultural purposes worldwide. Few species provide edible fruits. Several parasitic plants are even cultivated by agriculture/forestry for efficient harvesting of their products. Horticultural use of some parasitic plant species has also been considered. While providing multiple benefits, parasitic plants should always be used with care. In particular, parasitic plant species should not be cultivated outside their native geographical range to avoid the risk of their uncontrolled spread and the resulting damage to ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Těšitel
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Ai-Rong Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kateřina Knotková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Richard McLellan
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, New South Wales 2640, Australia
| | - Pradeepa C G Bandaranayake
- Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - David M Watson
- Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, New South Wales 2640, Australia
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Yarovaya OI, Salakhutdinov NF. Mono- and sesquiterpenes as a starting platform for the development of antiviral drugs. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ahmad S, Zahiruddin S, Parveen B, Basist P, Parveen A, Gaurav, Parveen R, Ahmad M. Indian Medicinal Plants and Formulations and Their Potential Against COVID-19-Preclinical and Clinical Research. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578970. [PMID: 33737875 PMCID: PMC7962606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cases of COVID-19 are still increasing day-by-day worldwide, even after a year of its first occurrence in Wuhan city of China. The spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection is very fast and different from other SARS-CoV infections possibly due to structural differences in S proteins. The patients with severe diseases may die due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by systemic inflammatory reactions due to the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the immune effector cells. In India too, it is spreading very rapidly, although the case fatality rate is below 1.50% (https://www.statista.com), which is markedly less than in other countries, despite the dense population and minimal health infrastructure in rural areas. This may be due to the routine use of many immunomodulator medicinal plants and traditional AYUSH formulations by the Indian people. This communication reviews the AYUSH recommended formulations and their ingredients, routinely used medicinal plants and formulations by Indian population as well as other promising Indian medicinal plants, which can be tested against COVID-19. Special emphasis is placed on Indian medicinal plants reported for antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory activities and they are categorized for prioritization in research on the basis of earlier reports. The traditional AYUSH medicines currently under clinical trials against COVID-19 are also discussed as well as furtherance of pre-clinical and clinical testing of the potential traditional medicines against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. The results of the clinical studies on AYUSH drugs will guide the policymakers from the AYUSH systems of medicines to maneuver their policies for public health, provide information to the global scientific community and could form a platform for collaborative studies at national and global levels. It is thereby suggested that promising AYUSH formulations and Indian medicinal plants must be investigated on a priority basis to solve the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Parakh Basist
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Minhaj Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
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15
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Das G, Patra JK, Kang SS, Shin HS. Pharmaceutical importance of some promising plant species with special reference to the isolation and extraction of bioactive compounds: A review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:15-29. [PMID: 33480340 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210122125854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active principles from natural sources, in the form of extracts and natural compounds, provide an infinite number of bioactive compounds with consummate disposal of chemical diversity. These compounds and active principles are of utmost importance in the discovery of drugs of biological origin particularly, from plants. OBJECTIVE Development of resourceful technology for the isolation and extraction of bioactive compounds of medicinal importance is considered as an important task for researchers. There are a number of extraction, isolation, and characterization techniques currently utilized; however, most are laborious and use toxic chemicals and huge quantities of raw materials with a very low output. There are a number of abiotic and biotic factors that affects the quality and the quantity of plants bioactive compounds. Considering this the objectives of the current review is to discuss the various extraction and characterization techniques used to isolate the essential bioactive compounds from three plant species and the biotic and abiotic factors that affects the quantity and quality of the plants secondary metabolites. METHODS Many advanced technologies have been developed and tested for extraction, characterization, and their capacity for high yield products, and those requiring less application of toxic solvents are investigated continuously. CONCLUSION In this context, the present review summarizes the different types of extraction and characterization techniques utilized commercially by the food, drug, and pharmaceutical industries for better output and environmentally- and healthbenefiting products with special reference to three industrially important plants: Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. (Lamiaceae) and Santalum album L. (Santalaceae) and Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Aloaceae or Asphodelaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326. Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326. Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326. Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326. Korea
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16
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Zha WL, Zi JC. Advances in biotechnological production of santalenes and santalols. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:90-97. [PMID: 36117763 PMCID: PMC9476758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandalwood essential oil has been widely used not only as natural medicines but also in perfumery and food industries, with sesquiterpenoids as its major components including (Z)- α-santalol and (Z)-β-santalol and so on. The mature heartwoods of Santalum album, Santalum austrocaledonicum and Santalum spicatum are the major plant resources for extracting sandalwood essential oil, which have been overexploited. Synthetic biology approaches have been successfully applied to produce natural products on large scale. In this review, we summarize biosynthetic enzymes of santalenes and santalols, including various santalene synthases (STSs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), and then highlight the advances of biotechnological production of santalenes and santalols in heterologous hosts, especially metabolic engineering strategies for constructing santalene- and santalol-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-long Zha
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-chen Zi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Mohankumar A, Kalaiselvi D, Thiruppathi G, Muthusaravanan S, Nivitha S, Levenson C, Tawata S, Sundararaj P. α- and β-Santalols Delay Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans via Preventing Oxidative Stress and Protein Aggregation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32641-32654. [PMID: 33376901 PMCID: PMC7758982 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
α- and β-Santalol (santalol isomers) are the most abundant sesquiterpenoids found in sandalwood, contributing to its pleasant fragrance and wide-spectrum bioactivity. This study aimed at identifying the antiaging and antiaggregation mechanism of α- and β-santalol using the genetic tractability of an in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that santalol isomers retard aging, improved health span, and inhibited the aggregation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ1-42) and polyglutamine repeats (Q35, Q40, and HtnQ150) in C. elegans models for Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease, respectively. The genetic study, reporter gene expression, RNA-based reverse genetic approach (RNA interferences/RNAi), and gene expression analysis revealed that santalol isomers selectively regulate SKN-1/Nrf2 and EOR-1/PLZF transcription factors through the RTK/Ras/MAPK-dependent signaling axis that could trigger the expression of several antioxidants and protein aggregation inhibitory genes, viz., gst-4, gcs-1, gst-10, gsr-1, hsp-4, and skr-5, which extend longevity and help minimize age-induced protein oxidation and aggregation. We believe that these findings will further promote α- and β-santalol to become next-generation prolongevity and antiaggregation molecules for longer and healthier life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duraisamy Kalaiselvi
- Department
of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641046, India
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture,
College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sundararaj Nivitha
- College
of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Corey Levenson
- Santalis
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 18618 Tuscany Stone, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78258, United States
| | - Shinkichi Tawata
- Department
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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18
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Ma L, Yao L. Antiviral Effects of Plant-Derived Essential Oils and Their Components: An Updated Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112627. [PMID: 32516954 PMCID: PMC7321257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of resistance to available antivirals calls for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Plant-derived essential oils may serve as alternative sources of virus-induced disease therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated essential oils to be excellent candidates to treat antiviral-resistant infection associated with their chemical complexity which confers broad-spectrum mechanisms of action and non-specific antiviral properties. However, almost no comprehensive reviews are updated to generalize knowledge in this regard and disclose the interplay between the components and their antiviral activities. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the antiviral efficacy of essential oils from a wide range of plant species and their characteristic components, as well as their overall mechanisms of action, focusing on the last decade. The roles of individual components relative to the overall antiviral efficacy of essential oils, together with the antiviral activity of essential oils in comparison with commercial drugs are also discussed. Lastly, the inadequacies in current research and future research are put forward. This review will provide references in the design of new drug prototypes and improve our understanding of the proper applications of essential oils in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- R&D Center for Aromatic Plants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Yao
- R&D Center for Aromatic Plants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-0183-7763
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19
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Younis N, Mohamed M. Sandalwood oil neuroprotective effects on middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic brain stroke. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_398_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Li J, Zhao W, Yang Z, Feng Y. α-Santalol functionalized chitosan nanoparticles as efficient inhibitors of polo-like kinase in triple negative breast cancer. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5487-5501. [PMID: 35498298 PMCID: PMC9049642 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09084c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) is a protein kinase that plays a significant role in the initiation, maintenance, and completion of mitotic processes in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinku Zhang
- Department of Pathology
- Baoding First Central Hospital
- Baoding
- China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pathology
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
- Baoding
- China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Department of Pathology
- Baoding First Central Hospital
- Baoding
- China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- Department of Pathology
- Baoding First Central Hospital
- Baoding
- China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yanguang Feng
- Department of Cardiology
- Baoding Qingyuan District People's Hospital
- Baoding
- China
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21
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Li Z, Howell K, Fang Z, Zhang P. Sesquiterpenes in grapes and wines: Occurrence, biosynthesis, functionality, and influence of winemaking processes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:247-281. [PMID: 33319521 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Grapes are an important global horticultural product, and are mainly used for winemaking. Typically, grapes and wines are rich in various phytochemicals, including phenolics, terpenes, pyrazines, and benzenoids, with different compounds responsible for different nutritional and sensory properties. Among these compounds, sesquiterpenes, a subcategory of the terpenes, are attracting increasing interest as they affect aroma and have potential health benefits. The characteristics of sesquiterpenes in grapes and wines in terms of classification, biosynthesis pathway, and active functions have not been extensively reviewed. This paper summarizes 97 different sesquiterpenes reported in grapes and wines and reviews their biosynthesis pathways and relevant bio-regulation mechanisms. This review further discusses the functionalities of these sesquiterpenes including their aroma contribution to grapes and wines and potential health benefits, as well as how winemaking processes affect sesquiterpene concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhan Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Howell
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Lee JY, Abundo MEC, Lee CW. Herbal Medicines with Antiviral Activity Against the Influenza Virus, a Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 46:1663-1700. [PMID: 30612461 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly changing influenza virus has remained a consistent threat to the well-being of a variety of species on the planet. Influenza virus' high mutation rate has allowed the virus to rapidly and continuously evolve, as well as generate new strains that are resistant to the current commercially available antivirals. Thus, the increased resistance has compelled the scientific community to explore alternative compounds that have antiviral effects against influenza virus. In this paper, the authors systematically review numerous herbal extracts that were shown to have antiviral effects against the virus. Specifically, the herbal antiviral targets mainly include hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and matrix 2 proteins. In some instances, herbal extracts inhibited the replication of oseltamivir-resistant strains and certain pentacyclic triterpenes exhibited higher antiviral activity than oseltamivir. This paper also explores the possibility of targeting various host-cell signaling pathways that are utilized by the virus during its replication process. Infected cell pathways are hijacked by intracellular signaling cascades such as NF-kB signaling, PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPK pathway and PKC/PKR signaling cascades. Herbal antivirals have been shown to target these pathways by suppressing nuclear export of influenza vRNP and thus inhibiting the phosphorylation signaling cascade. In conclusion, copious amounts of herbal antivirals have been shown to inhibit influenza virus, however further studies are needed for these new compounds to be up to modern pharmacological standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Lee
- * Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,‡ Mom-Pyon Han Pharmacy, Nambusoonhwan-ro 770, Seosan City, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Edward C Abundo
- * Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,† Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- * Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,† Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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23
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Mohankumar A, Shanmugam G, Kalaiselvi D, Levenson C, Nivitha S, Thiruppathi G, Sundararaj P. East Indian sandalwood ( Santalum album L.) oil confers neuroprotection and geroprotection in Caenorhabditis elegans via activating SKN-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33753-33774. [PMID: 30319772 PMCID: PMC6171454 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
East Indian Sandalwood Oil (EISO) has diverse beneficial effects and has been used for thousands of years in traditional folk-medicine for treatment of different human ailments. However, there has been no in-depth scientific investigation to decipher the neuroprotective and geroprotective mechanism of EISO and its principle components, α- and β-santalol. Hence the current study was undertaken to assess the protective effects of EISO, and α- and β-santalol against neurotoxic (6-OHDA/6-hydroxydopamine) and proteotoxic (α-synuclein) stresses in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Initially, we found that EISO and its principle components exerted an excellent antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity as it was able to extend the lifespan, and inhibit the ROS generation, and germline cell apoptosis in 6-OHDA-intoxicated C. elegans. Further, we showed that supplementation of EISO, and α- and β-santalol reduced the 6-OHDA and α-synuclein-induced Parkinson's disease associated pathologies and improved the physiological functions. The genetic and reporter gene expression analysis revealed that an EISO, or α- and β-santalol-mediated protective effect does not appear to rely on DAF-2/DAF-16, but selectively regulates SKN-1 and its downstream targets involved in antioxidant defense and geroprotective processes. Together, our findings indicated that EISO and its principle components are worth exploring further as a candidate redox-based neuroprotectant for the prevention and management of age-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohankumar
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
| | - G Shanmugam
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
| | - D Kalaiselvi
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
| | - C Levenson
- Santalis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 18618 Tuscany Stone, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78258, USA
| | - S Nivitha
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - G Thiruppathi
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
| | - P Sundararaj
- Unit of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu-641046, India. ; ; ; Tel: +91-9943340405; Tel: +91-9677667720
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24
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Kavithaa K, Paulpandi M, Ponraj T, Murugan K, Sumathi S. Induction of intrinsic apoptotic pathway in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells through facile biosynthesized zinc oxide nanorods. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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25
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Lee B, Bohmann J, Reeves T, Levenson C, Risinger AL. α- and β-Santalols Directly Interact with Tubulin and Cause Mitotic Arrest and Cytotoxicity in Oral Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1357-62. [PMID: 25993496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with no major advancements in treatment over the past 40 years. The current study explores the biological effects of East Indian sandalwood oil (EISO) and its two major constituents, α- and β-santalol, against a variety of HNSCC lines. All three agents exhibited cytotoxic effects and caused accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Additionally, treatment with these agents caused formation of multipolar mitotic spindles similar to those observed upon treatment of cells with compounds that affect microtubule polymerization. Indeed, the santalols, as well as EISO, inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin, indicating for the first time that these compounds have the ability to directly bind to tubulin and affect microtubule formation. Modeling studies suggest that the santalols can weakly bind to the colchicine site on tubulin, and topical administration of EISO to a HNSCC xenograft inhibited tumor growth with no observed toxicities. Therefore, santalols can directly interact with tubulin to inhibit the polymerization of microtubules, similarly to established classes of chemotherapeutic agents, albeit with greatly reduced potency that is not associated with the classic toxicity associated with most other compounds that interact directly with tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Lee
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Jonathan Bohmann
- ‡Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238, United States
| | - Tony Reeves
- ‡Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238, United States
| | - Corey Levenson
- §Santalis Pharmaceuticals, 18618 Tuscany Stone, Suite 100, San Antonio, Texas 78258, United States
| | - April L Risinger
- †Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
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26
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Matsuo Y, Sakagami H, Mimaki Y. A rare type of sesquiterpene and β-santalol derivatives from Santalum album and their cytotoxic activities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2014; 62:1192-9. [PMID: 25450628 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rare type of sesquiterpene with a spiro bicyclic system (1) and seven new (2-8) and four known (9-12) β-santalol derivatives were isolated from the heartwood of Santalum album (Santalaceae). The structures of these new compounds were determined by analysis of extensive spectroscopic data. The isolated compounds and derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells, A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, HSC-2 and HSC-4 human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, and TIG-3 normal human diploid fibroblasts. cis-β-Santalol (9) and β-santaldiol (10) induced apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsuo
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy
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27
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Kumar SR, Paulpandi M, ManivelRaja M, Mangalaraj D, Viswanathan C, Kannan S, Ponpandian N. An in vitro analysis of H1N1 viral inhibition using polymer coated superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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28
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Sharma M, Levenson C, Bell R, Anderson S, Hudson J, Collins C, Cox M. Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Cytokine/Chemokine Production in Skin Cells by Sandalwood Oils and Purified α-santalol and β-santalol. Phytother Res 2013; 28:925-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sharma
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre; Vancouver General Hospital; Vancouver BC V6H3Z6 Canada
| | - C. Levenson
- Santalis Pharmaceuticals; San Antonio TX USA
| | - R. H. Bell
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre; Vancouver General Hospital; Vancouver BC V6H3Z6 Canada
| | - S. A. Anderson
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre; Vancouver General Hospital; Vancouver BC V6H3Z6 Canada
| | - J. B. Hudson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; 2733 Heather Street Vancouver BC V5Z3J5 Canada
| | - C. C. Collins
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre; Vancouver General Hospital; Vancouver BC V6H3Z6 Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of British Columbia
| | - M. E. Cox
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre; Vancouver General Hospital; Vancouver BC V6H3Z6 Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of British Columbia
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29
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Molecular regulation of santalol biosynthesis in Santalum album L. Gene 2013; 527:642-8. [PMID: 23860319 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Santalum album L. commonly known as East-Indian sandal or chandan is a hemiparasitic tree of family santalaceae. Santalol is a bioprospecting molecule present in sandalwood and any effort towards metabolic engineering of this important moiety would require knowledge on gene regulation. Santalol is a sesquiterpene synthesized through mevalonate or non-mevalonate pathways. First step of santalol biosynthesis involves head to tail condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) with its allylic co-substrate dimethyl allyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) to produce geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP; C10 - a monoterpene). GPP upon one additional condensation with IPP produces farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP; C15 - an open chain sesquiterpene). Both the reactions are catalyzed by farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDS). Santalene synthase (SS), a terpene cyclase catalyzes cyclization of open ring FPP into a mixture of cyclic sesquiterpenes such as α-santalene, epi-β-santalene, β-santalene and exo bergamotene, the main constituents of sandal oil. The objective of the present work was to generate a comprehensive knowledge on the genes involved in santalol production and study their molecular regulation. To achieve this, sequences encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase and santalene synthase were isolated from sandalwood using suppression subtraction hybridization and 2D gel electrophoresis technology. Functional characterization of both the genes was done through enzyme assays and tissue-specific expression of both the genes was studied. To our knowledge, this is the first report on studies on molecular regulation, and tissue-specific expression of the genes involved in santalol biosynthesis.
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30
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Misra BB, Dey S. Evaluation of in vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials of α-santalol and sandalwood oil. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:409-16. [PMID: 23369343 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sandalwood finds numerous mentions across diverse traditional medicinal systems in use worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of sandalwood oil and its major constituent α-santalol. The in vivo anti-hyperglycemic experiment was conducted in alloxan-induced diabetic male Swiss albino mice models. The in vivo antioxidant experiment was performed in d-galactose mediated oxidative stress induced male Swiss albino mice models. Intraperitoneal administration of α-santalol (100mg/kg BW) and sandalwood oil (1g/kg BW) for an week modulated parameters such as body weight, blood glucose, serum bilirubin, liver glycogen, and lipid peroxides contents to normoglycemic levels in the alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Similarly, intraperitoneal administration of α-santalol (100mg/kg BW) and sandalwood oil (1g/kg BW) for two weeks modulated parameters such as serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, free sulfhydryl, protein carbonyl, nitric oxide, liver lipid peroxide contents, and antioxidant capacity in d-galactose mediated oxidative stress induced mice. Besides, it was observed that the beneficial effects of α-santalol were well complimented, differentially by other constituents present in sandalwood oil, thus indicating synergism in biological activity of this traditionally used bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
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