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Hu Y, Tang J, Xie Y, Xu W, Zhu W, Xia L, Fang J, Yu D, Liu J, Zheng Z, Zhou Q, Shou Q, Zhang W. Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorates TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating Th2/Th1 and Tregs/Th17 cells balance, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reshaping gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117956. [PMID: 38428658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal medicine Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) has been clinically shown to be an effective treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China. However, the underlying mechanism of GQD's anti-ulcerative colitis properties and its effect on gut microbiota still deserve further exploration. AIM OF THE STUDY This study observed the regulatory effects of GQD on Th2/Th1 and Tregs/Th17 cells balance, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) infammasome and gut microbiota in TNBS-induced UC in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS 61 main chemical compounds in the GQD were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The UC BALB/c model was established by intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and GQD was orally administered at low and high dosages of 2.96 and 11.83 g/kg/day, respectively. The anti-inflammatory effects of GQD for ulcerative colitis were evaluated by survival rate, body weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, colonic weight and index, spleen index, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and histopathological scores. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of CD4, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tregs cells. The levels of Th1-/Th2-/Th17-/Tregs-related inflammatory cytokines and additional proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18) were detected by CBA, ELISA, and RT-PCR. The expressions of GATA3, T-bet, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-Iβ, Occludin and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) on colon tissues were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. Transcriptome sequencing was performed using colon tissue and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on intestinal contents. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was employed to assess the contribution of intestinal microbiota and its correlation with CD4 T cells and the NLRP3 inflammasome. RESULTS GQD increased the survival rate of TNBS-induced UC in BALB/c mice, and significantly improved their body weight, DAI score, colonic weight and index, spleen index, and histological characteristics. The intestinal barrier dysfunction was repaired after GQD administration through promoting the expression of tight junction proteins (Occludin and ZO-1). GQD restored the balance of Th2/Th1 and Tregs/Th17 cells immune response of colitis mice, primarily inhibiting the increase in Th2/Th1 ratio and their transcription factor production (GATA3 and T-bet). Morever, GQD changed the secretion of Th1-/Th2-/Th17-/Tregs-related cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IL-5, IL-13, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A) and reduced the expressions of IL-1β, IL-18. Transcriptome results suggested that GQD could also remodel the immune inflammatory response of colitis by inhibiting NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Western blot, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR further revealed that GQD exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, such as down-regulating the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β. More interestingly, GQD regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis, suppressed the overgrowth of conditional pathogenic gut bacteria like Helicobacter, Proteobacteria, and Mucispirillum, while the probiotic gut microbiota, such as Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Ruminiclostridium_6, Akkermansia, and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified were increased. We further confirmed that GQD-treated gut microbiota was sufficient to relieve TNBS-induced colitis by FMT, involving the modulation of Th2/Th1 and Tregs/Th17 balance, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and enhancement of colonic barrier function. CONCLUSIONS GQD might alleviate TNBS-induced UC via regulating Th2/Th1 and Tregs/Th17 cells Balance, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and reshaping gut microbiota, which may provide a novel strategy for patients with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yongfeng Xie
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, 223001, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weihan Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Linying Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Jintao Fang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dian Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Haining City Central Hospital, Jiaxing, 314408, China
| | - Zhipeng Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Qiujing Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
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Luo J, Zhou L, Sun A, Yang H, Zhang P, Liu K, Yu X, Lin Y, Huang Y, Han L. Herbal medicine for Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117663. [PMID: 38181936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Conventional treatments for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are limited. Herbal medicines (HM) are considered a potential intervention for the treatment of HT. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of HM for HT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted for patients with HT in randomized controlled trials identified in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Chi CTR), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (the VIP), China Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), and Wanfang Database were searched from their inception to Oct 1, 2022. Outcomes included the primary outcome (TPOAb), secondary outcomes (TSH, TGAb, FT3, FT4, and traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores), and adverse events. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022363640). RESULTS Sixteen trials were reviewed and 16 HM formulae were compared. Compared with non-drug therapy (NDT), all therapies, except for Tiaoqi-Qingjie Therapy, reduced the primary outcome of TPOAb with different levels of effectiveness, ranging from 0.01 (95%CI 0.00, 0.02) to 0.92 (95%CI 0.56, 1.53). Ranking probability analysis indicated that Yiqi Huayu Recipe, Liqi Xiaoying decoction, and Shugan Sanjie therapy reduced thyroid antibody levels the most, including TPOAb (100.0%, 90.9%, and 90.3%, respectively) and TGAb (98.3%, 94.4%, and 87.3%, respectively). All HMs displayed a significant effect on the TCM Symptom score and possibly benefitted the treatment of HT, ranging from 6.62 (95% CI 2.06, 21.24) to 94.50 (95% CI 15.97, 559.14). No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Herbal medicines may be effective in the treatment of HT, especially in reducing thyroid antibody levels and improving clinical symptoms without affecting thyroid function. However, these results should be considered preliminary and further verified using high-quality evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Luo
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Aru Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yiqun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (South Campus), Beijing, 100105, China.
| | - Yishan Huang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Ning H, Liu J, Tan J, Yi M, Lin X. The role of the Notch signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis: from the perspective of intestinal mucosal barrier. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1333531. [PMID: 38249980 PMCID: PMC10796567 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1333531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a common digestive disorder worldwide, with increasing incidence in recent years. It is an urgent problem to be solved, as it seriously affects and threatens the health and life of the global population. Studies have shown that dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier is a critical pathogenic factor and molecular basis of ulcerative colitis, and some scholars have described it as a "barrier organ disease." While the Notch signalling pathway affects a series of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, development, migration, and apoptosis. Therefore, it can regulate intestinal stem cells, CD4+ T cells, innate lymphoid cells, macrophages, and intestinal microbiota and intervene in the chemical, physical, immune, and biological mucosal barriers in cases of ulcerative colitis. The Notch signalling pathway associated with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis has distinct characteristics, with good regulatory effects on the mucosal barrier. However, research on ulcerative colitis has mainly focused on immune regulation, anti-inflammatory activity, and antioxidant stress; therefore, the study of the Notch signalling pathway suggests the possibility of understanding the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis from another perspective. In this article we explore the role and mechanism of the Notch signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis from the perspective of the intestinal mucosal barrier to provide new targets and theoretical support for further research on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ning
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiaqian Tan
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Mengni Yi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lin
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Zong Y, Meng J, Mao T, Han Q, Zhang P, Shi L. Repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier of traditional Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis: a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1273407. [PMID: 37942490 PMCID: PMC10628444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Discovering the key regulators and repairing the disturbed barrier are crucial for preventing and treating UC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proved to be effective on treating UC and has exhibited its role in repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. We summarized the evidence of TCM against UC by protecting and repairing the physical barrier, chemical barrier, immune barrier, and biological barrier. Mechanisms of increasing intestinal epithelial cells, tight junction proteins, and mucins, promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation, restoring the abundance of the intestinal microbiota, and modulating the innate and adaptive immunity in gut, were all involved in. Some upstream proteins and signaling pathways have been elucidated. Based on the existing problems, we suggested future studies paying attention to patients' samples and animal models of UC and TCM syndromes, conducting rescue experiments, exploring more upstream regulators, and adopting new technical methods. We hope this review can provide a theoretical basis and novel ideas for clarifying the mechanisms of TCM against UC via repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Service Center of Beiyuan Community, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yang Y, Xiao G, Cheng P, Zeng J, Liu Y. Protective Application of Chinese Herbal Compounds and Formulae in Intestinal Inflammation in Humans and Animals. Molecules 2023; 28:6811. [PMID: 37836654 PMCID: PMC10574200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with uncertain pathophysiology and causation that has significantly impacted both the physical and mental health of both people and animals. An increasing body of research has demonstrated the critical role of cellular signaling pathways in initiating and managing intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on the interactions of three cellular signaling pathways (TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, MAPKs) with immunity and gut microbiota to explain the possible pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Traditional medicinal drugs frequently have drawbacks and negative side effects. This paper also summarizes the pharmacological mechanism and application of Chinese herbal compounds (Berberine, Sanguinarine, Astragalus polysaccharide, Curcumin, and Cannabinoids) and formulae (Wumei Wan, Gegen-Qinlian decoction, Banxia xiexin decoction) against intestinal inflammation. We show that the herbal compounds and formulae may influence the interactions among cell signaling pathways, immune function, and gut microbiota in humans and animals, exerting their immunomodulatory capacity and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This demonstrates their strong potential to improve gut inflammation. We aim to promote herbal medicine and apply it to multispecies animals to achieve better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Pi Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Y.); (G.X.); (P.C.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory, Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410125, China
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Gao J, Cao B, Zhao R, Li H, Xu Q, Wei B. Critical Signaling Transduction Pathways and Intestinal Barrier: Implications for Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1216. [PMID: 37765024 PMCID: PMC10537644 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a sum of the functions and structures consisting of the intestinal mucosal epithelium, mucus, intestinal flora, secretory immunoglobulins, and digestive juices. It is the first-line defense mechanism that resists nonspecific infections with powerful functions that include physical, endocrine, and immune defenses. Health and physiological homeostasis are greatly dependent on the sturdiness of the intestinal barrier shield, whose dysfunction can contribute to the progression of numerous types of intestinal diseases. Disorders of internal homeostasis may also induce barrier impairment and form vicious cycles during the response to diseases. Therefore, the identification of the underlying mechanisms involved in intestinal barrier function and the development of effective drugs targeting its damage have become popular research topics. Evidence has shown that multiple signaling pathways and corresponding critical molecules are extensively involved in the regulation of the barrier pathophysiological state. Ectopic expression or activation of signaling pathways plays an essential role in the process of shield destruction. Although some drugs, such as molecular or signaling inhibitors, are currently used for the treatment of intestinal diseases, their efficacy cannot meet current medical requirements. In this review, we summarize the current achievements in research on the relationships between the intestinal barrier and signaling pathways. The limitations and future perspectives are also discussed to provide new horizons for targeted therapies for restoring intestinal barrier function that have translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China;
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; (J.G.); (R.Z.); (H.L.); (Q.X.)
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Wang X, Liu X, Gao Q, Gu X, Zhang G, Sheng Z, Wu T, Su Z, Wang W, Ye M. Gegen Qinlian Decoction treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia by targeting circadian immune function. Chin Med 2023; 18:77. [PMID: 37370132 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GGQLD) is a renowned traditional Chinese medicinal formula that has been used for centuries to effectively treat asymptomatic Hyperuricemia (HUA). This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of GGQLD's therapeutic effects on HUA. METHODS The study enrolled a total of 25 healthy participants and 32 middle-aged and elderly individuals with asymptomatic HUA. All asymptomatic HUA participants were treated with GGQLD. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were then analyzed for biological profiles using flow cytometry. Network pharmacology analysis was utilized to identify the potential pathways involved in the therapeutic effects of GGQLD. Transcriptomic patterns of cultured proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) were evaluated via bulk RNA-seq, and critical differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and verified through ELISA. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were employed to investigate the potential compounds in GGQLD that may be involved in treating HUA. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis revealed that immune-related pathways might be involved in the therapeutic mechanism of GGQLD. RNA-seq analysis confirmed the involvement of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) development-related genes and clock genes. Polychromatic flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that GGQLD treatment reduced the proportion of ILC3s in total ILCs in asymptomatic HUA patients. ELISA results showed that GGQLD treatment reduced the levels of activating factors, such as ILC3-IL-18 and IL-1β, in the plasma of HUA patients. GGQLD was also found to regulate circadian clock gene expression in PBMCs to treat asymptomatic HUA. Furthermore, the interaction between 40 compounds in GGQLD and HDAC3 (Histone Deacetylase 3), NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3), RORA (RAR-related orphan receptor A), and REV-ERBα (nuclear receptor subfamily 1) revealed that GGQLD may regulate ILCs and clock genes to treat asymptomatic HUA. CONCLUSIONS The regulation of circadian clock gene expression and the proportion of ILC cells may be involved in the therapeutic effects of GGQLD on asymptomatic HUA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221 West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuanqi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiushuang Gao
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xuchao Gu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221 West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guannan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sheng
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221 West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zheling Su
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221 West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Maoqing Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No 221 West Yan-An Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Lu M, Ma J, Liu Z, Huang J, Ma J, Yang X, Wang F, Tang X. Modified Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorated ulcerative colitis by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress and enhancing intestinal barrier function in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116538. [PMID: 37086872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Modified Gegen Qinlian decoction (MGQD), which was first documented in Treatise on Febrile Disease, is recognized as a classic prescription to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its protective mechanism against UC remains to be fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the impact and the potential molecular mechanism of MGQD on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC mice and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of MGQD and MGQD drug containing serum (MGQD-DS) were characterized by LC-MS/MS. The therapeutic effect of MGQD on DSS-induced UC was evaluated based on body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, colonic histopathological injury, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress response and intestinal barrier function. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay was applied to detect the effect of MGQD-DS on the viability of Caco-2 cells. Additionally, TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier was established in vitro. The Caco-2 cell monolayers were administered blank serum or MGQD-DS to observe the effects of MGQD-DS on transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress indicators and intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB). RESULTS MGQD significantly improved symptoms and pathological damage in UC mice by downregulating the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and malondialdehyde (MDA), attenuating the loss of goblet cells and the destruction of intestinal epithelial ultrastructure, and upregulating the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, Claudin-1 and E-cadherin. In vitro, MGQD-DS significantly reduced the flux of FITC-dextran, increased the TEER, inhibited the expression of IL-21, IL-17A and MDA, and promoted the expression of IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), SOD, CAT, GSH, Occludin and E-cadherin in TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier. CONCLUSION MGQD can ameliorate DSS-induced UC mice and TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier, and the protective effect is related to its inhibition of inflammation, alleviation of oxidative stress, and repair of intestinal barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Beihua Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mengxiong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinke Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jinxin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100191, China; Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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9
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Wang X, Huang S, Zhang M, Su Y, Pan Z, Liang J, Xie X, Wang Q, Chen J, Zhou L, Luo X. Gegen Qinlian decoction activates AhR/IL-22 to repair intestinal barrier by modulating gut microbiota-related tryptophan metabolism in ulcerative colitis mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115919. [PMID: 36356716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine derived from Treatise on febrile diseases and is clinically used for the treatment of acute ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the potential mechanism of GQD treatment for UC remains elusive. AIM OF STUDY In this study, we aimed to explore the involvement of gut microbiota-related tryptophan metabolism in mediating protective effects of GQD against intestinal barrier damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with colitis were treated with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 6 days. The therapeutic effects of GQD in UC mice were examined based on body weight, disease activity index (DAI), organ index, length and pathological changes in the colon. The distribution of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) in the intestinal tract was observed using small animal imaging, while concentration of FITC-dextran in serum was detected using a fluorescein microplate analyser. Bacterial infiltration in colon tissues was observed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), and the bacterial load in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) was further examined through bacterial culture. Subsequently, colonic goblet cells were detected using Alcian blue staining. The tight junctions of the colonic epithelium were observed using transmission electron microscopy, and the expression of tight junction proteins was detected by immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot. In addition, flow cytometry was used to analyse the proportion of interleukin-22-positive (IL-22+) ILC3 cells in lamina propria lymphocytes, and the content of IL-22 in colon homogenates was determined using an ELISA kit. In addition, targeted tryptophan metabolomics was used to detect the concentration of indole derivatives produced by tryptophan metabolism in faeces, and 16S rDNA was used to investigate the composition and abundance of gut microbiota-related tryptophan metabolism. RESULTS Administration of GQD significantly alleviated the pathological symptoms, including weight loss, increased DAI score, changes in organ index, colon shortening, and colon pathological injury in UC mice. In addition, GQD reduced the diffusion of FITC-dextran in the intestinal tract, the content of FITC-dextran in serum, and bacterial infiltration in MLNs and colon tissues. Additionally, GQD significantly increased the number of colonic goblet cells, repaired the structure of epithelial tight junctions and increased the expression of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, GQD significantly increased the proportion of IL-22+ ILC3 in the lamina propria, the expression of CYP1A1 protein in colon tissue, and the level of IL-22 in colon homogenates. However, the above protective effects of GQD were inhibited by co-administration of GQD and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist. Additionally, GQD restored the content of indole derivatives generated by tryptophan metabolism, regulated the diversity of the gut microbiota, and significantly increased the abundance of genes related to tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that GQD repaired the damaged intestinal barrier in UC mice by regulating gut microbiota-related tryptophan metabolism and restoring the generation of indole derivatives to activate AhR-mediated IL-22 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengfeng Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqian Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Chen
- Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xia Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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A Single Strain of Lactobacillus (CGMCC 21661) Exhibits Stable Glucose- and Lipid-Lowering Effects by Regulating Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030670. [PMID: 36771383 PMCID: PMC9920280 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is usually accompanied by obesity and nonalcoholic fatty-liver-related insulin resistance. The link between T2D and dysbiosis has been receiving increasing attention. Probiotics can improve insulin sensitivity by regulating imbalances in microbiota, but efficacy varies based on the probiotic used. This study screened the main strain in the feces of healthy adult mice and found it to be a new Lactobacillus (abbreviated as Lb., named as CGMCC No. 21661) after genetic testing. We designed the most common Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum (CGMCC1.2186, abbreviated as B. longum. subsp.), fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and Lb. CGMCC No. 21661 protocols to explore the best way for modulating dysbiosis to improve T2D. After 6 weeks of gavage in T2D mice, it was found that all three protocols had a therapeutic alleviating effect. Among them, compared with the B. longum. subsp. and FMT, the Lb. CGMCC No. 21661 showed a 1- to 2-fold decrease in blood glucose (11.84 ± 1.29 mmol/L, p < 0.05), the lowest HOMA-IR (p < 0.05), a 1 fold increase in serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (5.84 ± 1.1 pmol/L, p < 0.05), and lowest blood lipids (total cholesterol, 2.21 ± 0.68 mmol/L, p < 0.01; triglycerides, 0.4 ± 0.15 mmol/L, p < 0.01; Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 0.53 ± 0.16 mmol/L, p < 0.01). In addition, tissue staining in the Lb. CGMCC No. 21661 showed a 2- to 3-fold reduction in T2D-induced fatty liver (p < 0.0001), a 1- to 2-fold decrease in pancreatic apoptotic cells (p < 0.05), and a significant increase in colonic mucus layer thickness (p < 0.05) compared with the B. longum. subsp. and FMT. The glucose and lipid lowering effects of this Lb. CGMCC No. 21661 indicate that it may provide new ideas for the treatment of diabetes.
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11
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Zhao Y, Liu P, Luan H, Jiang H, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li R. Demethyleneberberine alleviated the inflammatory response by targeting MD-2 to inhibit the TLR4 signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130404. [PMID: 37168866 PMCID: PMC10165096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disease that leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction and autoimmunedisorders. However, the existing treatments of colitis are associated with poor outcomes, and the current strategies remain deep and long-time remission and the prevention of complications. Recently, demethyleneberberine (DMB) has been reported to be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory response that relied on multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidation and antiinflammation. However, the target and potential mechanism of DMB in inflammatory response have not been fully elucidated. Methods This study employed a TNBS-induced colitis model and acute sepsis mice to screen and identify the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of DMB in vitro and in vivo. The purity and structure of DMB were quantitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), and infrared spectroscopy (IR), respectively. The rats were induced by a rubber hose inserted approximately 8 cm through their anus to be injected with TNBS. Acute sepsis was induced by injection with LPS via the tail vein for 60 h. These animals with inflammation were orally administrated with DMB, berberine (BBR), or curcumin (Curc), respectively. The eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression system of myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2) and its mutants were used to evaluate the target of DMB in inflammatory response. Resluts DMB had two free phenolic hydroxyl groups, and the purity exceeded 99% in HPLC. DMB alleviated colitis and suppressed the activation of TLR4 signaling in TNBS-induced colitis rats and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. DMB significantly blocked TLR4 signaling in both an MyD88-dependent and an MyD88-independent manner by embedding into the hydrophobic pocket of the MD-2 protein with non-covalent bonding to phenylalanine at position 76 in a pi-pi T-shaped interaction. DMB rescued mice from sepsis shock induced by LPS through targeting the TLR4-MD-2 complex. Conclusion Taken together, DMB is a promising inhibitor of the MD-2 protein to suppress the hyperactivated TLR4 signaling in inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haofan Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruiyan Li,
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12
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Zhao Y, Liu P, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Luan H, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li R. Demethyleneberberine blocked the maturation of IL-1β in inflammation by inhibiting TLR4-mitochondria signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Peng X, Tang F, Yang Y, Li T, Hu X, Li S, Wu W, He K. Bidirectional effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115578. [PMID: 35917892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bidirectional property of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) was recorded in the classic work Medicine Origin (Yi Xue Qi Yuan) as early as the Jin and Yuan dynasties of ancient China. Since then, this imperative theory has been applied to guide the clinical application of TCMs. Studies have been performed to investigate this phenomenon only over the last three decades. A limited number of reviews on the bidirectional role of TCMs have been published, and almost all current studies are published in the Chinese language. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide the first comprehensive evidence regarding the bidirectional effects and the underlying mechanisms of TCMs and their active compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information relevant to opposing pharmacological activities or opposing properties exerted by TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and their active compound, as well as their mechanisms was summarized by searching Chinese and English databases, including the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Data, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library. RESULTS Although the bidirectional regulation of TCMs has been applied in the clinic since ancient times in China, only limited reviews have been published in Chinese. The existing data showed that bidirectional effects can be found in TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and pure active compounds. Additionally, the bidirectional role of TCMs was primarily reported in the modulation of immune function, blood circulation and hemostasis, gastrointestinal motility, the central nervous system and blood pressure. This may because the therapeutic outcomes of these disorders are more obvious than those of other complicated diseases. Intriguingly, some herbal medicines have multiple bidirectional activities; for instance, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer showed bidirectional regulation of immune function and the central nervous system; Astragalus membranaceus can bidirectionally regulate blood pressure and immune function; and Rheum officinale Baill exerts bidirectional effects on blood circulation and hemostasis, gastrointestinal motility and immune function. The mechanisms underlying the bidirectional effects of TCMs are largely attributed to the complexity of herbal constituents, dosage differences, the processing of herbal medicine, and compatibility of medicines, the physiological conditions of patients and adaptogenic effects. CONCLUSION Uncovering the bidirectional effects and mechanisms of TCMs is of great importance for both scientific research and clinical applications. This review may help to facilitate the recognition of the bidirectional role of TCMs, to explain some seemingly-opposite phenomena in the pharmacological study of herbal medicines and to provide guidance for TCM practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Fang Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Tiandan Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaochao Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Sha Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Weihua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Kai He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
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14
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Lu JZ, Hong DD, Ye D, Mu S, Shi R, Song Y, Feng C, Ma BL. Tissue distribution and integrated pharmacokinetic properties of major effective constituents of oral Gegen-Qinlian decoction in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:996143. [PMID: 36304144 PMCID: PMC9592910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.996143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gegen-Qinlian decoction (GQD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. GQD is effective against colon or liver-related diseases including ulcerative colitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and type 2 diabetes. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed, validated, and then applied to reveal the tissue distribution and integrated pharmacokinetic properties of major effective constituents of oral GQD in mice. The established method was quick, sensitive, and accurate enough to analyze GQD constituents in plasma and tissue homogenate samples quantitatively. According to their concentrations in the portal vein, systemic circulation, liver and colon samples of the mice after oral administration of GQD, the concentration-time curves of the constituents were respectively plotted. The results showed that daidzein, baicalin, and baicalein had relatively high exposure levels in the livers, while puerarin, berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine, glycyrrhizic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid were enriched in the colons. Given that these constituents have significant biological activity, they could be regarded as the major effective constituents of GQD in treating colon or liver-related diseases, respectively. In addition, the integrated pharmacokinetic properties of GQD were studied. The GQD “integrated constituent” reached peak concentration at 4.0 h in the portal vein, the systemic circulation, the livers, and the colons, with half-lives of 1.5–4.1 h and mean retention time of 4.5–6.3 h, respectively. Furthermore, the concentration of the GQD “integrated constituent” in the colons was approximately 10 times higher than that in the livers, both of which were much higher than that in the systemic circulation, indicating its accumulation in these tissues, especially in the colons. In conclusion, the tissue distribution and integrated pharmacokinetic properties of oral GQD were revealed in the study. The results of the tissue distribution study would contribute to identifying the major target tissues and effective constituents of GQD, while the results of the integrated pharmacokinetic study would help to explain the pharmacokinetic properties of oral GQD as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ze Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Mu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu Feng
- Department of Surgery, Putuo District People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bing-Liang Ma, ; Chu Feng,
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bing-Liang Ma, ; Chu Feng,
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15
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Xie X, Zhao M, Huang S, Li P, Chen P, Luo X, Wang Q, Pan Z, Li X, Chen J, Chen B, Zhou L. Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis by restoring the balance of NCR -ILC3/NCR +ILC3 to repairing impaired intestinal barrier. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109251. [PMID: 36182875 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial, refractory chronic inflammatory disease. The primary factor leading to prolonged ulcerative colitis is the imbalance of the group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) subgroup resulting in the delayed reconstruction of damaged intestinal barrier. Previous studies show that luteolin had efficacy on UC, however, the potency of luteolin on restoring the balance of NCR-ILC3/NCR+ILC3 to repairing impaired intestinal barrier remains unclear. In this study, to investigate the potential mechanism of luteolin on ILC3 subgroup, we first evidenced that luteolin could promote transformation NCR-MNK3 to NCR+MNK3 in vitro. Then, a UC model was established in C57BL/6J mice to assess the efficacy of luteolin in restoring ILC3 subgroup balance and repairing intestinal barrier in chronic UC. Finally, the experiments in vitro validated the potential mechanism of luteolin in regulating ILC3 plasticity. The results showed that luteolin significantly alleviated the symptoms of DSS-induced UC in mice, including preventing body weight loss and decreasing the disease activity index (DAI) and intestinal damages. Additionally, luteolin increased NCR+ILC3 levels, promoted the production of IL-22 and decreased the levels of IL-17a and INF-γ in the intestine, and encourage intestinal barrier function recovery in UC mice by promoting the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin. Experiments in vitro revealed that luteolin facilitated the transformation of NCR-MNK3 to NCR+MNK3 and promoted the secretion of IL-22, which was linked to the Notch pathway. All results revealed that luteolin restored the balance of NCR-ILC3/NCR+ILC3 and contributed to repair of injured intestinal epithelium to alleviate ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengfeng Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinyan Chen
- Basic Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Yang Z, Lin S, Feng W, Liu Y, Song Z, Pan G, Zhang Y, Dai X, Ding X, Chen L, Wang Y. A potential therapeutic target in traditional Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis: Macrophage polarization. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999179. [PMID: 36147340 PMCID: PMC9486102 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages are the main participants of intestinal immune homeostasis and intestinal inflammation. Under different environmental stimuli, intestinal macrophages can be polarized into classical activated pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) and alternative activated anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2). Its different polarization state is the “guide” to promoting the development and regression of inflammation. Under normal circumstances, intestinal macrophages can protect the intestine from inflammatory damage. However, under the influence of some genetic and environmental factors, the polarization imbalance of intestinal M1/M2 macrophages will lead to the imbalance in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and transform the physiological inflammatory response into pathological intestinal injury. In UC patients, the disorder of intestinal inflammation is closely related to the imbalance of intestinal M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Therefore, restoring the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization may be a potentially valuable therapeutic strategy for UC. Evidence has shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has positive therapeutic effects on UC by restoring the balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization. This review summarizes the clinical evidence of TCM for UC, the vital role of macrophage polarization in the pathophysiology of UC, and the potential mechanism of TCM regulating macrophage polarization in the treatment of UC. We hope this review may provide some new enlightenment for the clinical treatment, fundamental research, and research and development of new Chinese medicine of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanying Feng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangxi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guiyun Pan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangdong Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinya Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Chen, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Chen, ; Yi Wang,
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Zhong Y, Liu W, Xiong Y, Li Y, Wan Q, Zhou W, Zhao H, Xiao Q, Liu D. Astragaloside Ⅳ alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154287. [PMID: 35752072 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoring immune homeostasis by targeting the Th17/Treg response is a potentially valuable therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Astragaloside IV (AS-Ⅳ) is a phytochemical naturally occurring in Astragalus membranaceus that has good anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-stress properties. However, the effects of AS-IV on the homeostasis of Th17/Treg cells in colitis mice remains unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the protective effects and potential immunomodulatory mechanisms of AS-IV on UC. METHODS This study was constructed for DSS-induced acute colitis and recurrent colitis, with AS-IV administered prophylactically and therapeutically, respectively. The balance of Th17/Treg cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, their specific nuclear transcription factors were detected by RT-PCR as well as their secreted inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR. Notch signaling-related proteins were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Oxidative stress indicators were measured by biochemical technology. RESULTS In this study, AS-IV treatment not only effectively prevented and alleviated the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis mice, including weight loss, DAI soaring, colon length shortening and colon weight gain, but also significantly improved ulcer formation, inflammatory cell infiltration and index, and regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues. Importantly, the efficacy of high-dose AS-IV (100 mg/kg/day) in mice with recurrent colitis in this study was comparable to that of 5-ASA. AS-IV early administration was able to reshape the homeostasis of Th17/Treg cells in mice with acute colitis; meanwhile, AS-IV inhibited Th17 cell responses and promoted Treg cell responses in mice with recurrent colitis. Moreover, AS-IV not only inhibited the activation of Notch signaling pathway in colitis mice, but also prevented and ameliorated DSS-induced oxidative stress injury. CONCLUSION In conclusion, AS-IV effectively prevented and alleviated UC by reshaping Th17/Treg cell homeostasis and anti-oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbao Zhong
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yanxia Xiong
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Yingmeng Li
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China; Nanchang Medical college, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Haimei Zhao
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Qiuping Xiao
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China.
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Hu J, Tong Y, Shen Z, Li Y, Cheng C, Au R, Xu F, Liu Y, Zhu L, Shen H. Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorates murine colitis by inhibiting the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae through activating PPAR-γ signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113571. [PMID: 36007273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disease of the intestine. Dysbiosis, especially the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, maybe the main pathogenesis of UC. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula chronicled in the Shang Han Lun, is commonly used to treat UC and has shown an excellent effect on inducing disease remission. However, the role of GD in regulating gut microbiota has not been fully clarified. Herein, we investigated the potential effect of GD on inhibiting the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae and further explored the potential mechanism of this action. Our study demonstrated that GD remarkably reduced body weight loss of colitis mice, shortening of colon length, and inflammation of the colon. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) signaling was inactivated in colitis colon tissue, and the abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli, family of Enterobacteriaceae) in colonic contents and the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in colonic tissue were significantly upregulated after DSS-treatment. Notably, GD administration can result in the activation of PPAR-γ and inactivation of iNOS, which lead to the reduction of nitrate, the inhibition of E. coli, and less production of LPS. Combined GD with PPAR-γ antagonist, the effect of GD on the treatment of UC was weakened, and effectless in inhibiting the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae. Therefore, GD ameliorates UC by preventing a dysbiotic expansion of potentially pathogenic E. coli by reducing nitrate levels in the lumen through activating PPAR-γ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Yiheng Tong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaofeng Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Ryan Au
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, China.
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Zheng S, Xue T, Wang B, Guo H, Liu Q. Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: The Mechanisms of Signaling Pathway Regulations. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1781-1798. [PMID: 35950375 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common clinical inflammatory bowel disease characterized by repeated attacks, difficult treatment, and great harm to the physical and mental health of the patients. The occurrence and development of UC were closely related to the physiological and pathological processes, such as intestinal inflammatory reaction, oxidizing reaction, and immune response. Treatment of ulcerative colitis using Western medicine is often associated with a number of limitations and adverse events. There is a long history of using traditional Chinese medicine in dealing with this medical condition. Commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of UC include Caulis Sargentodoxae, Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Cnidii, etc. Additionally, classic prescriptions such as Gegen Qinlian Formulae and Zuojin Pills can also be used to treat UC. To enrich the traditional Chinese medicine theory, the cognitive theory and perspective of network pharmacology and bioinformatics research of cell signal transduction mechanism of UC are emerging rapidly. Modern pharmacological studies focus on underlying mechanisms for the management of UC with Chinese medicine monomers, single Chinese medicines, and traditional Chinese medicine formulations, alleviating the symptoms of UC, controlling the development of intestinal inflammation, and restoring intestinal function through the regulation of key molecular signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, NF-[Formula: see text]B, JAK/STAT, MAPK and Notch. By summarizing current research progressions, this review provides key references for the in-depth exploration of the mechanisms focused on signaling pathways for the clinical management of UC using traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Zheng
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Xue
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Haolin Guo
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
| | - Qiquan Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, P. R. China
- Department of Spleen and Stomach, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, P. R. China
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Zhang S, Luo H, Tan D, Peng B, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Holism of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions for inflammatory bowel disease: A review based on clinical evidence and experimental research. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154202. [PMID: 35665678 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease that causes a heavy burden and lacks effective treatments. Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions (CHMPs), which are characterized by a synergistic usage of herbs, are widely used in the management of IBD. The molecular mechanisms of action of CHMP are still ambiguous as the canonical "one-compound-one-target" approach has difficulty describing the dynamic bioreactions among CHMP objects. It seems more flexible to define the holism of CHMP for IBD by employing high-throughput analysis. However, studies that discuss the development of CHMP in treating IBD in a holistic view are still lacking. PURPOSE This review appraised preclinical and clinical research to fully describe the anti-IBD capacity of CHMPs and discussed CHMPs' holistic characteristics that can contribute to better management of IBD. METHODS & RESULTS We screened clinical and preclinical references of CHMP being used as treatments for IBD. We discussed the complexity of IBD and the development of CHMP to present the sophistication of CHMP treatments. To describe the clinical effectiveness of CHMPs against IBD, we performed an umbrella review of CHMP-associated META analyses, in which 1174 records were filtered down to 12 references. Then, we discussed 14 kinds of CHMPs that had a long history of use and analyzed their mechanisms of action. Representative herbs were employed to provide a subordinate explanation for the whole prescription. As holism is the dominant characteristic of CHMPs, we explored applications of CHMPs for IBD with the help of omics, gut microbiome, and network pharmacology, which are potential approaches to a dynamic figure of bioactions of CHMPs. CONCLUSION This review is the first to discuss the potential of CHMPs to manage IBD in a holistic context and will provide inspiring explanations for CHMP applications for further product transformation and application to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Dechao Tan
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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21
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Yuan S, Wang Q, Li J, Xue JC, Li Y, Meng H, Hou XT, Nan JX, Zhang QG. Inflammatory bowel disease: an overview of Chinese herbal medicine formula-based treatment. Chin Med 2022; 17:74. [PMID: 35717380 PMCID: PMC9206260 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the intestine, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), whose etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully understood. Due to its prolonged course and chronic recurrence, IBD imposes a heavy economic burden and psychological stress on patients. Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine has unique advantages in IBD treatment because of its symptomatic treatment. However, the advantages of the Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula (CHMF) have rarely been discussed. In recent years, many scholars have conducted fundamental studies on CHMF to delay IBD from different perspectives and found that CHMF may help maintain intestinal integrity, reduce inflammation, and decrease oxidative stress, thus playing a positive role in the treatment of IBD. Therefore, this review focuses on the mechanisms associated with CHMF in IBD treatment. CHMF has apparent advantages. In addition to the exact composition and controlled quality of modern drugs, it also has multi-component and multi-target synergistic effects. CHMF has good prospects in the treatment of IBD, but its multi-agent composition and wide range of targets exacerbate the difficulty of studying its treatment of IBD. Future research on CHMF-related mechanisms is needed to achieve better efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.,Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Jia-Chen Xue
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China.,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China
| | - You Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Hou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China. .,Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China. .,Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
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22
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Luo Y, Yu X, Zhao P, Huang J, Huang X. Effects of Resveratrol on Tight Junction Proteins and the Notch1 Pathway in an HT-29 Cell Model of Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. Inflammation 2022; 45:2449-2464. [PMID: 35705831 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely associated with disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins. A variety of studies have confirmed that resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenolic compound, has a potential anti-inflammatory effect and can regulate the expression of tight junction proteins. However, the mechanism by which RSV regulates the expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal epithelium remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential effect of RSV on tight junction proteins in an HT-29 cell model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored its mechanism of action. First, the downregulated expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in the HT-29 cell model of inflammation induced by LPS was reversed by incubation with RSV, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE). Additionally, the Notch1 pathway was attenuated and the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α was decreased by treatment with RSV. Second, after Jagged-1 was used in combination with RSV to reactivate the Notch1 pathway, the protective effects of RSV against the LPS-induced reductions in the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 and the decreases in the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α were abolished. These results suggest that RSV might regulate the expression of tight junction proteins by attenuating the Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Luo
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xueyan Yu
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Peizhuang Zhao
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Alkaloids from Aconitum carmichaelii Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice via MAPK/NF- κB/STAT3 Signaling Inhibition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6257778. [PMID: 35685720 PMCID: PMC9173982 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6257778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fuzi (Aconitum carmichaelii Debx) has been traditionally used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China for thousands of years. The total alkaloids of A. carmichaelii (AAC) have been considered as the main medicinal components of fuzi, whereas its underlying anti-UC mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice model, which was consistent with the symptoms and pathological features of human UC, was established to comprehensively evaluate the anti-UC effects of AAC. The results indicated that AAC effectively improved the weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), spleen hyperplasia, and colon shortening, and thus alleviated the symptoms of UC mice. Meanwhile, AAC not only inhibited the MPO enzyme and the abnormal secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17A) and suppressed the overexpression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) of mRNA but also reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK, and the protein expressions of NF-κB, IκB-α, STAT3, and JAK2 in the colon tissue. Furthermore, the LC-MS/MS quantitative determination suggested that the three low toxic monoester alkaloids were higher in both contents and proportion than that of the three high toxic diester alkaloids. Additionally, molecular docking was hired to investigate the interactions between alkaloid-receptor complexes, and it suggested the three monoester alkaloids exhibited higher binding affinities with the key target proteins of MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3. Our finding showcased the noteworthy anti-UC effects of AAC based on the MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway, which would provide practical and edge-cutting background information for the development and utilization of A. carmichaelii as a potential natural anti-UC remedy.
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Ye X, Pi X, Zheng W, Cen Y, Ni J, Xu L, Wu K, Liu W, Li L. The Methanol Extract of Polygonatum odoratum Ameliorates Colitis by Improving Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Gas Production to Regulate Microbiota Dysbiosis in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:899421. [PMID: 35634366 PMCID: PMC9133717 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.899421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential impacts of methanol extract from Polygonatum odoratum on (YZM) colonic histopathology, gut gas production, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and intestinal microbiota composition were evaluated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice in this study. These results indicated that YZM increased colon length and ameliorated colonic histopathology in DSS-induced colitis mice. Moreover, YZM administration reversed intestinal microbiota compositions leading to the inhibition of H2S-related bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrionaceae) and the lower level of H2S and higher contents of SCFA-related bacteria (e.g., Muribaculaceae). Taken together, the effects of methanol extract from Polygonatum odoratum are studied to provide new enlightenment and clues for its application as a functional food and clinical drug. Our study first revealed the relationship between intestinal gas production and key bacteria in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Cen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Langyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Liu,
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Lanjuan Li,
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Che Q, Luo T, Shi J, He Y, Xu DL. Mechanisms by Which Traditional Chinese Medicines Influence the Intestinal Flora and Intestinal Barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:863779. [PMID: 35573786 PMCID: PMC9097517 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.863779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of a drug on the intestinal flora and the intestinal barrier is an important evaluation index for drug safety and efficacy. Chemical synthetic drugs are widely used due to their advantages of fast efficacy and low doses, but they are prone to cause drug resistance and inhibit proton pumps, which may harm intestinal health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied clinically for thousands of years, and how TCMs regulate intestinal health to achieve their effects of disease treatment has become a hot research topic that needs to be resolved. This paper reviews the recent research on the effects of TCMs on intestinal microorganisms and the intestinal mucosal barrier after entering the intestine, discusses the interaction mechanisms between TCMs and intestinal flora, and details the repair effect of TCMs on the intestinal mucosal barrier to provide a reference for the development, utilization, and modernization of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Che
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junhua Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: De-Lin Xu, ; Yihuai He, ; Junhua Shi,
| | - Yihuai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: De-Lin Xu, ; Yihuai He, ; Junhua Shi,
| | - De-Lin Xu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: De-Lin Xu, ; Yihuai He, ; Junhua Shi,
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Gegen Qinlian Decoction Relieves Ulcerative Colitis via Adjusting Dysregulated Nrf2/ARE Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2934552. [PMID: 35509629 PMCID: PMC9060978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2934552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Oxidative stress has been proven to be essential in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQ) on the Nrf2 pathway in the treatment of UC and explore the potential mechanism. Methods The UC rat model was induced by 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) aqueous solution, and UC rats were treated with GQ orally. The effect of GQ on UC rats was recorded. Human clonal colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were employed in this study. After being stimulated with TNF-α for 2 hours, Caco-2 cells were cultured with GQ or its major components (puerarin, baicalin, berberine, and liquiritin) for 22 hours. In addition, the Nrf2 gene of Caco-2 cells was silenced and then cultured with GQ for 22 hours. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in colonic tissues and Caco-2 cells were detected by assay kits. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Caco-2 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and its related target genes in colon tissues and Caco-2 cells. Results GQ alleviated the injured colonic mucosa and activated the expression of Nrf2 in UC rats. In TNF-α stimulated Caco-2 cells and Nrf2 silenced Caco-2 cells, GQ also reversed the inhibitory effect of Nrf2. Furthermore, the major components of GQ could activate Nrf2 signaling in TNF-α stimulated cells as well. Moreover, the contents of SOD, GSH, MDA, and ROS were restored to normal after treatment with GQ or its major components. Among these components, puerarin, berberine, and liquiritin appear to have a better effect on activating Nrf2 in vitro. Overall, GQ can alleviate UC by increasing the activity of Nrf2/ARE signaling and enhancing the effect of antioxidant stress.
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Che YH, Yu ZY, Geng FN, He M, Yang ZB, Zheng YY, Zhang CG, Zhao Y, Wu XM, Liu H. Effects of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Ento-PB in Experimental Models of Ulcerative Colitis. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221078453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula Ento-PB containing Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) (Blattidae) and Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. (Compositae) has great potential for treating inflammation. This study explored the effects of Ento-PB on ulcerative colitis (UC). The UC model was induced with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) by enema. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: (1) control group that received 2.5 mL/kg normal saline, (2) TNBS group that received 2.5 mL/kg normal saline, (3) Ento-PB low-dose group that received 100 mg/kg Ento-PB, and (4) Ento-PB high-dose group that received 200 mg/kg Ento-PB. Rats were administered drugs via enema for 14 days after modeling. The disease activity index (DAI), colon mucosa damage index (CMDI), histopathological score (HS), levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum, contents of IL-2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the colon, and abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, and Escherichia coli were assessed. Ento-PB administration showed a significant reduction in DAI, CMDI, and HS, contents of IL-2, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, CRP, and MPO, and a significant increase in the levels of IL-10, TGF-β1, and EGF. Compared with the TNBS-administered group, the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and E. coli decreased, while an obvious increase in the proportion of Bacteroides was found in the Ento-PB-administered groups. Ento-PB alleviated inflammation in UC by regulating the equilibrium of Th1/Th17/Treg cytokines and recovering the imbalance between the gut microbiota. Applying Ento-PB in treating UC could be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Che
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy,Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yong Yu
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Special Spice Plants R&D,Wenshan University, Wenshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Fu-Neng Geng
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy,Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy,Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Neuro Psychiatric Hospital of Jilin Province, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng-Gui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy,Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy,Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy,Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy,Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Qu L, Liu C, Ke C, Zhan X, Li L, Xu H, Xu K, Liu Y. Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating Intestinal Flora and Metabolites. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:525-552. [PMID: 35114907 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a herb widely used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as gastric ulcer, spleen deficiency, and diarrhea. In China, people fry raw A. lancea (SCZ) together with wheat bran to make bran-fried A. lancea (FCZ). Ancient Chinese texts have documented that FCZ can enhance the function of regulating the intestines and stomach. Nevertheless, the effect and mechanism of SCZ and FCZ on ulcerative colitis (UC) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of SCZ and FCZ and their mechanisms on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. The chemical constituents of SCZ and FCZ were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with six reference compounds. The effects of SCZ and FCZ were investigated based on their effects on weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length shortening, goblet cell loss, and pathological changes using the colons from a mouse model of DSS-induced UC. The effects of SCZ and FCZ on levels of the inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text], interleukin-6, interleukin-1[Formula: see text], mucoprotein (MUC2), tight protein (ZO-1, occludin), and the activation of macrophages were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). 16s RNA sequencing technology was used to detect the composition of the intestinal flora in each group. Nontargeted metabonomics was used to detect the serum metabolite levels of mice in each group. Pearson analysis was used to determine the correlation between the intestinal flora, metabolites, and pathological indices. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the genes of different metabolite-related enzymes. A pseudogerm free (PGF) mouse model was used to verify whether the effect of SCZ and FCZ in UC depends on the regulation of intestinal flora. SCZ and FCZ could inhibit weight loss and decrease the DAI score, colon length shortening, goblet cell loss, and the extent of pathological changes in the colons of mice with DSS-induced colitis. Moreover, SCZ and FCZ inhibited the decrease in MUC2, ZO-1, occludin, production of pro-inflammatory factors, and activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in colonic tissue. The effect of FCZ was better than that of SCZ. SCZ and FCZ not only inhibited the abundance of harmful bacteria and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, but also regulated the metabolism of disease-related metabolites such as amino acid and cholesterol metabolism. Both preparations inhibited the gene expression (Slc6A7, PRODH, Sdsl, HMGCR, SREBP-2) of different metabolite-related enzymes. In the PGF mouse model, the above effects were not observed. Rhizoma Atractylodes was effective in alleviating DSS-induced UC in mice, and FCZ was found to be superior to SCZ. The mechanism of action of FCZ and SCZ is mainly related to the regulation of intestinal flora and their associated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghang Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Chunlian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Chang Ke
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Lanqing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Haiying Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Kang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China.,Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China.,Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
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Peng X, Wang K, Wang Y, Lu Y, Lv F, Cui Y, Wang Y, Si H. Exploration of the Mechanism of the Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking With the Addition of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:849518. [PMID: 35372563 PMCID: PMC8968990 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.849518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gegen Qinlian Decoction is a long-established Chinese herbal compound for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, while Magnolia officinalis has been demonstrated to have some anthelmintic activity. The preliminary screening of this study showed that the addition of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction has some effective on the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in chickens. However, the mechanism of its treatment of chicken coccidiosis is not clear. The network pharmacology study was based on the screening of chemical components and related targets from TCMSP and PharmMapper server databases. Genes related to chicken coccidiosis were obtained from the SRA database, and those genes that intersected with the target genes of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction were screened. By exploring the target interactions through the String system and enrichment analysis by the Metascape system, the mechanism of action of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction in chicken coccidiosis was identified. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to analyze the mRNA levels of the relevant factors in chicken coccidiosis, molecular docking was used to reveal the extent of binding of the key target genes predicted in the network pharmacology by the action of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction. Compound and target screening suggested that the 99 chemical targets of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction were involved in chicken coccidiosis, and the enrichment results of KEGG pathway suggested that Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction was significantly associated with PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in chicken coccidiosis. The Hubba gene module in Cytoscape_v3.7.1 software was used to analyze the network topology to obtain the Hubba gene SRC, STAT3, and PPARG, etc. The molecular docking results showed that SRC, STAT3, and PPARG were key targets in the treatment of coccidiosis in chickens by Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction, which was in agreement with the RT-qPCR results. Through network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments, it was confirmed that Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction fights against chicken coccidiosis through key targets such as SRC, STAT3, and PPARG.
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Kan Y, Song M, Cui X, Yang Q, Zang Y, Li Q, Li Y, Cai W, Chen Y, Weng X, Wang Y, Zhu X. Muyin extract inhibits non-small-cell lung cancer growth by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153834. [PMID: 34952294 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer with a higher mortality rate. Both apoptosis and autophagy are crucial processes in the pathophysiology of NSCLC. Muyin extract (MSE) is a combination of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng seeds and Epimedium brevicornu Maxim extract, with an optimal ratio of 1:1. Our previous research has firstly shown that MSE exerts a good anti-tumor activity, especially for NSCLC. PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory effect of MSE on NSCLC and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS In vitro, cell proliferation was examined by MTT and colony formation. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V-FITC/PI assay while autophagy was assessed by Acridine orange (AO) and Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. In vivo, Lewis lung cancer cell transplanted mice model was established to measure the effect of MSE on tumor growth. Hematoxylin eosin (H & E) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the tumor after MSE treatment. The apoptosis in tumor tissue was detected by TUNEL assay. Meanwhile, the cellular proliferation marker Ki67 and autophagy marker LC3Ⅱ were observed by immunohistochemistry staining. The IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations in blood were tested by Elisa. The apoptosis related factors (Bcl-2, Bax Caspase-3, cleaved Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and p53), autophagy marker proteins (Atg-5, Becline-1, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰand p62) as well as Akt/mTOR pathway were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Present study showed that MSE greatly inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo, together with apoptotic rate increasing. P53 and cleaved Caspase-3 levels were up-regulated while Bcl-2/Bax ratio, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 levels were significantly down-regulated treated with MSE. Meanwhile, MSE activated autophagy, Atg-5, Becline-1 as well as the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were notably up-regulated while p62 was down-regulated after MSE treatment. Importantly, MSE significantly blocked Akt/mTOR pathway, which is a common upstream signal triggered by autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, when co-treated with specific autophagy inhibitor, the inhibitory rate and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level were significantly reversed. Impressively, MSE remarkably increased IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio while VP16 did not in animal model, and the inhibition rate in tumor weight after MSE treatment was higher than xiaojin pill. CONCLUSION Taken together, it is proved that MSE may be a promising oral TCM candidate for NSCLC therapy with immunity improvement. The underlying mechanisms could be associated with the induction of apoptosis and autophagy through blocking Akt/mTOR pathway, meanwhile, it may promote crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Kan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Min Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xihe Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanlong Zang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Weiyan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China.
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Mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction Regulating ABTB1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Metastasis Based on PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8131531. [PMID: 35111848 PMCID: PMC8803423 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8131531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It was to investigate the role of Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) in the regulation of ABTB1 gene based on PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. In this study, 10 cases of the CRC mouse model were established by inoculating CT26 cells into the spleen of mice, which were divided into the experimental group and the control group, 5 cases in each group; the control group was intragastrically administered with normal saline 0.3 mL/d, and the experimental group was intragastrically administered with GQD 0.2 mL/d at a ratio of 0.2 g medicinal materials/10 g for 10 days and sacrificed, and pathological sections were made. The expression density of signaling pathway PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 as well as gene ABTB1 was detected in the sections of the two groups, and the mechanism of action of this gene in the two groups of mice was studied. It was found that the densities of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-FOXO1 in the experimental group of mice were 26.55 g/cm3, 70.2 g/cm3, and 24.36 g/cm3, respectively, which were significantly increased compared with the control group, P < 0.05; the density of ABTB1 was 35.4 g/cm3, which was significantly increased compared with the control group, P < 0.05; the proliferation and migration ability of CRC cells in the experimental group were significantly decreased, P < 0.05. GQD can promote the expression of ABTB1 by activating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway, in order to inhibit the proliferation and growth ability of CRC cells.
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Xu L, Ma J, Lu M, Ma J, Liu Z, Wang F, Tang X. Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction Regulates Treg/Th17 Balance to Ameliorate DSS-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis in Mice by Altering the Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:756978. [PMID: 34803700 PMCID: PMC8601377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic pathology associated with extensive intestinal microbial dysregulation and intestinal inflammation. Thus, efforts are underway to manipulate the gut microbiome to improve inflammatory pathology. Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely utilized for treating diarrhea and ulcerative colitis (UC) for thousands of years. However, the underlying mechanism of its efficacy and whether its protective effect against colitis is mediated by the gut microbiota are poorly understood. In the present study, our data demonstrated that modified GQD (MGQD) administration significantly improved the pathological phenotypes and colonic inflammation challenged by DSS in mice, which were specifically manifested as reduced loss of body weight, shortening of colon length, DAI score, histological score and suppressed inflammatory response. 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabonomics analysis showed that MQGD altered the diversity and community landscape of the intestinal microbiota and the metabolic profiles. In particular, MQGD significantly boosted the abundance of the intestinal microbiota producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are causally associated with promoting the development of Treg cells and suppressing the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells. More importantly, transferring fecal microbiota from MGQD-treated or healthy controls exhibited equivalent alleviative effects on colitis mice. However, this protective effect could not be replicated in experiments of mice with depleted intestinal microbes through broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktails (ABX), further supporting the importance of SCFA-producing gut microbiota in the beneficial role of MGQD. In general, MGQD therapy has the potential to remodel the intestinal microbiome and reestablish immune homeostasis to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, China.,Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, China.,Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, China.,Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, China.,Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, China.,Academy of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ding P, Liu J, Li Q, Lu Q, Li J, Shi R, Shi L, Mao T, Ge D, Niu H, Peng G, Wang Z. Investigation of the Active Ingredients and Mechanism of Hudi Enteric-Coated Capsules in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Mice Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4259-4273. [PMID: 34675488 PMCID: PMC8519793 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s326029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Hudi enteric-coated capsule (HDC) is a Chinese medicine prescribed to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its anti-inflammatory active ingredients and mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the active components of HDC and explore its potential mechanisms against UC by integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification. Methods A DSS-induced colitis murine model was established to validate the efficacy of HDC by detecting disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological changes. Network pharmacological analysis was performed to identify the active compounds and core targets of HDC for the treatment of UC. The main compounds in HDC were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The relative expressions of HDC’s core targets were also determined in vivo. Finally, molecular docking was applied to model the interaction between HDC and target proteins. Results In an in vivo experiment, HDC, especially the middle-dose HDC, effectively reduced clinical symptoms of UC, including weight loss, bloody stool, and colon shortening. Besides, the severity of colitis was considerably suppressed by HDC as evidenced by reduced DAI scores. A total of 118 active compounds and 69 candidate targets from HDC closely related to UC progression were identified via network pharmacology. Enrichment analysis revealed that the key targets of HDC correlated with the expressions of PTGS2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Meanwhile, these cytokines were enriched in various biological processes through the IL-17/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The middle-dose HDC contributed more to ameliorating DSS-induced colitis through this signaling pathway than other dosages. Nine components binding to JAK2, STAT3, IL-17 and IL-6 were identified by molecular docking, confirming again the inhibition effects of HDC on the IL-17/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusion The HDC treatment, particularly the middle-dose, exerted an anti-UC effect in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-mechanism manner, especially inhibiting the IL-17/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway to downregulate the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panghua Ding
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongqiong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiJun Niu
- Anhui Joyfar Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiying Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Gong Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Cheng Y, Liu F, Shi X, Xu W, Dong L. Exploring the synergistic mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on the Wnt signaling pathway using an integrated strategy of network pharmacology and RNA-seq. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114283. [PMID: 34098017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) (including: Puerariae lobatae (Willd.) Ohwi, radix; (short for Gengen) Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., root and rhizome (short for Gancao), honeyed; Coptis chinensis Franch., rhizome (short for Huanglian); Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, radix, boiled (short for S. baicalensis) has been widely used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). To explore compatibility mechanism of GQD could be of advantage to investigate the complex principle of TCM, which might be conducive to the exploration of the modernization of TCM. AIM OF REVIEW In this study, a strategy based on system pharmacology was constructed to uncover the multi-target regulation and compatibility mechanism of GQD on the Wnt signaling pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS The pharmacological network of GQD was constructed by TCMSP, DAVID, Uniprote database. The cell growth inhibitory effects of puerarin (PUE), wogonin (WOG), berberine (BER), and glycyrrhetinic acid (GLY) on SW480 cells were assessed using CCK-8 assay. The multi-target regulation and compatibility mechanism of combination PUE with GLY were examined by RNA-seq, HPLC-QQQ/MS, qRT- PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis indicated that PUE, WOG, BER and GLY were the active components in GQD and had a synergistic effect on the targets of the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, pharmacological experiments revealed that WOG, BER, and GLY inhibited activity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines SW480 cells, and that PUE only exhibited effective antitumour activity when combined with GLY. CTNNB1, CCND1 and SMAD4 were identified as synergistic targets inhibited by PUE-GLY. Moreover, PUE-GLY could influence the Wnt signaling pathway by upregulating GSK3B and downregulating CTNNB1 synergistically. It also showed that GLY could effectively increase the intracellular content of PUE based on HPLC-QQQ/MS analysis, and this process was achieved by influencing the targets of the membrane's pathway, such as cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion, and tight junctions. CONCLUSION GLY was revealed a multi-target mechanism, which could downregulate CTNNB1 as the active component and intervene in membrane proteins (CDH1, CADM1, ITGB2, ICAM1, ITGA1) as 'guide' in the formulae. Moreover, the mechanism of synergistic antitumour action of PUE (the active component of Monarch drug) and GLY (the active component of Guide drug) on the Wnt signaling pathway was explored systematically. It was a promising breakthrough for elucidating the scientific connotation of the compatibility of TCM formulae and provide a valuable and practicable methodology for clarifying the mechanisms of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiting Gong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaru Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiujia Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Zhang L, Wu YB, Dai YK, Liu Q, Ren YJ, Xu SJ, Pan HG, Chen WJ, Li RL, Hu L. Efficacy and safety of Qingre-Chushi therapies in active ulcerative colitis: A network meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257599. [PMID: 34543327 PMCID: PMC8452044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence in the world. Qingre-Chushi therapies (QC) can alleviate clinical symptoms. Therefore, a network meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of QC in the treatment of active UC patients. Methods 7 databases were screened and relevant randomized controlled trials were selected. The tools of Cochrane Handbook and the GRADE system were conducted to assess the quality of outcomes. Pooled risk ratio or standard mean difference was calculated with 95% credible interval for outcomes measurement using the random-effects model. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was performed to rank the treatments. The larger SUCRA scores, the more effective interventions. Results A total of 3560 articles were identified and 21 studies including 1829 participants were included for further analysis. Totally, 9 therapies regimens were compared: oral mesalazine, mesalazine enema, mesalazine suppository, oral mesalazine + mesalazine enema, oral QC, oral QC + oral mesalazine, QC enema, oral QC + QC enema, and oral mesalazine + QC enema. Based on the SUCRA plot, oral QC + oral mesalazine was the best treatment in inducing clinical response; oral QC + QC enema had the best efficacy in the improvement of Mayo scores and alleviating abdominal pain; oral mesalazine + mesalazine enema was the optimal therapy in the endoscopic improvement and reducing diarrhea; QC enema + oral mesalazine was the best option in preventing bloody stool. Conclusion This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of QC in treating active UC and suggested that the combination of oral medications with topical can achieve more benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Bo Wu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Kai Dai
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Jie Ren
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Xu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huai-Geng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Jing Chen
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ru-Liu Li
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Li Q, Cui Y, Xu B, Wang Y, Lv F, Li Z, Li H, Chen X, Peng X, Chen Y, Wu E, Qu D, Jian Y, Si H. Main active components of Jiawei Gegen Qinlian decoction protects against ulcerative colitis under different dietary environments in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105694. [PMID: 34087350 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an effective drug against acute enteritis diarrhea, Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) has a history of 2000 years. However, the potential molecular mechanism through which GQD could protect intestinal barrier from ulcerative colitis (UC) still remains undefined. As an important part of the homeostasis of the colon, gut microbiota is closely related to the dynamic evolution of the surrounding environment and the adjustment of dietary structure. At present, the effectiveness and mechanism of Jiawei Gegen Qinlian decoction against UC in different dietary environments are not clear. Here, the main active components of Jiawei Gegen Qinlian Decoction (PBM), were selected to construct a reasonable and effective compound scheme. We adopted "5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)" and "high temperature and humidity + high sugar and high fat + alcohol + 5%DSS" to induce UC rat models in general environment and UC rat models in Lingnan area, respectively. Then, we examined the therapeutic effects of PBM (89.96 mg/kg and 179.92 mg/kg) on two kinds of UC rats. The role of gut microbiota in the anti-UC effect of PBM was identified by intestinal flora consumption and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments. Subsequently, we monitored the alterations of gut microbiota and fecal metabolism in the rat colon by 16Sr DNA technique and targeted metabonomics, respectively. The colon inflammation of the PBM-treated and the FMT-treated rats both showed significant relief, as evidenced by a reduction in body weight loss, bloody stool, diarrhea, disease activity index (DAI) score, shortening of colon length as well as decreased colon histology damage. Interestingly enough, the depletion of intestinal flora took away the protective effect of PBM, confirming the importance of intestinal flora in the anti-UC effect of PBM. Then our findings suggested that PBM could not only regulate the gut microbiota by increasing Akkermansia and Romboutsia but also decrease Escherichia-Shigella. More importantly, PBM could increase the production of propionate and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colitis rats, regulate medium and long chain fatty acids (M-LCFAs), maintain bile acids (BAs) homeostasis, and regulate amino acids (AAs) metabolism. The transformation of intestinal environment might be related to the upregulation of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and tight junction protein expression in colonic mucosa. In summary, PBM showed potential for anti-UC activity through gut microbiota dependence and was expected to be a complementary and alternative medicine herb therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Yao Cui
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Baichang Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Yuhan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Feifei Lv
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Huan Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Enyun Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Dongshuai Qu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Yichen Jian
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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Yu Y, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhao L, Wang Y. Identification of anti-inflammatory compounds from Zhongjing formulae by knowledge mining and high-content screening in a zebrafish model of inflammatory bowel diseases. Chin Med 2021; 16:42. [PMID: 34059101 PMCID: PMC8166029 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic relapsing intestinal inflammations with increasing global incidence, and new drug development remains in urgent demand for IBD management. To identify effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae and compounds in IBD treatment, we innovatively combined the techniques of knowledge mining, high-content screening and high-resolution mass spectrometry, to conduct a systematic screening in Zhongjing formulae, which is a large collection of TCM prescriptions with most abundant clinical evidences. METHODS Using Word2vec-based text learning, the correlations between 248 Zhongjing formulae and IBD typical symptoms were analyzed. Next, from the top three formulae with predicted relationship with IBD, TCM fractions were prepared and screened on a transgenic zebrafish IBD model for their therapeutic effects. Subsequently, the chemical compositions of the fraction hits were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and the major compounds were further studied for their anti-IBD effects and potential mechanisms. RESULTS Through knowledge mining, Peach Blossom Decoction, Pulsatilla Decoction, and Gegen Qinlian Decoction were predicted to be the three Zhongjing formulae mostly related to symptoms typical of IBD. Seventy-four fractions were prepared from the three formulae and screened in TNBS-induced zebrafish IBD model by high-content analysis, with the inhibition on the intestinal neutrophil accumulation and ROS level quantified as the screening criteria. Six herbal fractions showed significant effects on both pathological processes, which were subsequently analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine their chemical composition. Based on the major compounds identified by mass spectrometry, a second-round screen was conducted and six compounds (palmatine, daidzin, oroxyloside, chlorogenic acid, baicalin, aesculin) showed strong inhibitory effects on the intestinal inflammation phenotypes. The expression of multiple inflammatory factors, including il1β, clcx8a, mmp and tnfα, were increased in TNBS-treated fish, which were variously inhibited by the compounds, with aesculin showing the most potent effects. Moreover, aesculin and daidzin also upregulated e-cadherin's expression. CONCLUSION Taken together, we demonstrated the regulatory effects of several TCM formulae and their active compounds in the treatment of IBD, through a highly efficient research strategy, which can be applied in the discovery of effective TCM formulae and components in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Yu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Lu JZ, Ye D, Ma BL. Constituents, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacology of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:668418. [PMID: 34025427 PMCID: PMC8139575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.668418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gegen-Qinlian decoction (GQD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. It is composed of four TCMs, including Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle. GQD is traditionally and clinically used to treat both the "external and internal symptoms" of diarrhea with fever. In this review, key words related to GQD were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other databases. Literature published mainly from 2000 to 2020 was screened and summarized. The main constituents of GQD could be classified into eight groups according to their structures: flavonoid C-glycosides, flavonoid O-glucuronides, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, free flavonoids, flavonoid O-glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoid saponins, and others. The parent constituents of GQD that enter circulation mainly include puerarin and daidzein from Puerariae Lobatae Radix, baicalin and wogonoside from Scutellariae Radix, berberine and magnoflorine from Coptidis Rhizoma, as well as glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle. GQD is effective against inflammatory intestinal diseases, including diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, and intestinal adverse reactions caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, GQD has significant effects on metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, GQD can be used to treat lung injury. In brief, the main constituents, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles of GQD were summarized in this review. In addition, several issues of GQD including effective constituents, interactions between the constituents, pharmacokinetics, interaction potential with drugs and pharmacological effects were discussed, and related future researches were prospected in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ze Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang XJ, Qi YD, Guan HC, Lin HG, He PQ, Guan KW, Fu L, Ye MQ, Xiao J, Wu T. Gegen Qinlian Decoction Ameliorates Hyperuricemia-Induced Renal Tubular Injury via Blocking the Inflammatory Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:665398. [PMID: 34017258 PMCID: PMC8129546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.665398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gegen Qinlian decoction (GGQLD) is a typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription documented in Shang Han Lun. Clinically, GGQLD has been utilized to manage the inflammatory symptoms of metabolic diseases and to protect against renal damage in China. In the present study, a hypothesis was proposed that the multi-target solution of GGQLD produced anti-inflammatory effects on ameliorating hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods: A total of 30 primary HUA patients receiving GGQLD treatment (two doses daily) for 4 weeks were selected. Then, differences in uric acid (UA) levels and expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and urinary exosomes before and after treatment were analyzed. The therapeutic indexes for the active ingredients in GGQLD against HUA were confirmed through pharmacological subnetwork analysis. Besides, the HUA rat model was established through oral gavage of potassium oxonate and treated with oral GGQLD. In addition, proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) were stimulated by UA and intervened with GGQLD for 48 h. Subsequently, RNA-seq, flow cytometry, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy were further conducted to characterize the differences in UA-mediated inflammation and apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells pre- and post-administration of GGQLD. In the meanwhile, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was carried out to determine gene expression, whereas a western blotting (WB) assay was conducted to measure protein expression. Results: Our network analysis revealed that GGQLD treated HUA via the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic pathways. Additionally, NLPR3 expression significantly decreased in PBMCs and urinary exosomes of HUA patients after GGQLD treatment. In vivo, GGQLD treatment alleviated HUA-induced renal inflammation, which was associated with decreased expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes and apoptosis-related mRNAs. Moreover, GGQLD promoted renal UA excretion by inhibiting the activation of GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis induced by NLRP3 inflammasomes and by reducing apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in vitro. Conclusion: This study indicates that GGQLD efficiently reduces inflammatory responses while promoting UA excretion in HUA. Our findings also provide compelling evidence supporting the idea that GGQLD protects against the UA-mediated renal tubular epithelial cell inflammation through the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings have demonstrated a novel therapeutic method for the treatment of HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ding Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Chen Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Gang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Qing He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang-Wei Guan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao-Qing Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Y, Luan H, Jiang H, Xu Y, Wu X, Zhang Y, Li R. Gegen Qinlian decoction relieved DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by modulating Th17/Treg cell homeostasis via suppressing IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153519. [PMID: 33640781 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQ) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription that has been widely used for the treatment of bacterial dysentery and enteric typhoid fever. Recently, GQ has been clinically reported to be a potential candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the immunoregulatory function of GQ in the treatment of UC has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE This study focused on the role of immune imbalance in the pathogenesis of UC and the immunomodulatory effect of GQ in the treatment of UC. METHODS The UC model was established by treating female mice with 3.0% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days, and GQ was orally administered at dosages of 1.5 and 7.5 g/kg/day. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Treg and Th17 cell dysregulation was analyzed by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Proteins related to IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling were detected by western blotting. RESULTS GQ significantly alleviated the symptoms of UC mice and suppressed the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Furthermore, the production of proinflammatory factors, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, was dramatically reduced after GQ administration. Furthermore, GQ improved the infiltration of Treg and Th17 cells into the colons and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors, such as TGF-β1 and IL-17. The frequencies of Treg and Th17 cells in the Peyer's patches and spleen were reduced by GQ administration; however, GQ had no significant regulatory effect on normal mice. The western blotting results showed that GQ markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 and decreased the transcription function of phosphorylated STAT3. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicated that GQ alleviated DSS-induced UC by suppressing IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling to restore Treg and Th17 cell homeostasis in colonic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haofan Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ruiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Uncovering the mechanism of Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian decoction for treating ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking verification. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227516. [PMID: 33409535 PMCID: PMC7876598 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian Decoction (GGQLD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been widely used for ulcerative colitis (UC) in China, but the pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. This research was designed to clarify the underlying pharmacological mechanism of GGQLD against UC. Method: In this research, a GGQLD-compound-target-UC network was constructed based on public databases to clarify the relationship between active compounds in GGQLD and potential targets. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to investigate biological functions associated with potential targets. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to screen and evaluate hub genes and key active ingredients. Molecular docking was used to verify the activities of binding between hub targets and ingredients. Results: Finally, 83 potential therapeutic targets and 118 corresponding active ingredients were obtained by network pharmacology. Quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, baicalein, and naringenin were identified as potential candidate ingredients. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that GGQLD had anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory effects. The effect of GGQLD on UC might be achieved by regulating the balance of cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF, IL-1β, CXCL8, CCL2) in the immune system and inflammation-related pathways, such as the IL-17 pathway and the Th17 cell differentiation pathway. In addition, molecular docking results demonstrated that the main active ingredient, quercetin, exhibited good affinity to hub targets. Conclusion: This research fully reflects the multicomponent and multitarget characteristics of GGQLD in the treatment of UC. Furthermore, the present study provided new insight into the mechanisms of GGQLD against UC.
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Hua YL, Jia YQ, Zhang XS, Yuan ZW, Ji P, Hu JJ, Wei YM. Baitouweng Tang ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis through the regulation of the gut microbiota and bile acids via pathways involving FXR and TGR5. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111320. [PMID: 33578232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, Baitouweng Tang (BTWT) is a commonly prescribed remedy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Herein, the present study aims to assess the anti-colitis activity of BTWT and its underlying mechanisms in UC BALB/c mice. Induction of UC in BALB/c mice was carried out by adding 3.5% DSS in the drinking water of underlined mice. After UC induction, the mice were administrated with BTWT for 7 days. Clinical symptoms were assessed, followed by analyzing the bile acids (BAs) in serum, liver, colon, bile, and feces of UC mice through UPLC-MS/MS. The modified 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was carried out to examine the gut microbiota of feces. BTWT significantly improved the clinical symptoms such as and histological injury and colon shortening in UC induced mice. Furthermore, BTWT remarkably ameliorated colonic inflammatory response. After BTWT treatment, the increased concentrations of UDCA, HDCA, αMCA, βMCA, CA, and GLCA in UC were decreased, and the levels of some BAs, especially CA, αMCA, and βMCA were normalized. Moreover, the relative species abundance and gut microbiota diversity in the BTWT-exposed groups were found to be considerably elevated than those in the DSS-treated group. BTWT increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, and TM7, which were statistically lower in the fecal microbiota of UC mice. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was found to be elevated in the DSS group and normalized after BTWT treatment. BTWT increased the expression of FXR and TGR5 in the liver. BTWT administration improved DSS-induced mice signs by increasing the TGR5 and FXR expression levels. This result was achieved by the regulation of the BAs and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Qian Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Song Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Wen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Ming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction against Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8897879. [PMID: 33294000 PMCID: PMC7714584 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8897879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as diarrhea and ulcerative colitis (UC). A recent study demonstrated that GQD enhanced the effect of PD-1 blockade in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study used network pharmacology analysis to investigate the mechanisms of GQD as a potential therapeutic approach against CRC. Materials and Methods Bioactive chemical ingredients (BCIs) of GQD were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. CRC-specific genes were obtained using the gene expression profile GSE110224 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Target genes related to BCIs of GQD were then screened out. The GQD-CRC ingredient-target pharmacology network was constructed and visualized using Cytoscape software. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was subsequently constructed and analyzed with BisoGenet and CytoNCA plug-in in Cytoscape. Gene Ontology (GO) functional and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for target genes were then performed using the R package of clusterProfiler. Results One hundred and eighteen BCIs were determined to be effective on CRC, including quercetin, wogonin, and baicalein. Twenty corresponding target genes were screened out including PTGS2, CCNB1, and SPP1. Among these genes, CCNB1 and SPP1 were identified as crucial to the PPI network. A total of 212 GO terms and 6 KEGG pathways were enriched for target genes. Functional analysis indicated that these targets were closely related to pathophysiological processes and pathways such as biosynthetic and metabolic processes of prostaglandins and prostanoids, cytokine and chemokine activities, and the IL-17, TNF, Toll-like receptor, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Conclusion The study elucidated the “multiingredient, multitarget, and multipathway” mechanisms of GQD against CRC from a systemic perspective, indicating GQD to be a candidate therapy for CRC treatment.
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Wei Y, Jiang N, Liu T, Liu C, Xiao W, Liang L, Li T, Yu Y. The comparison of extraction methods of ganjiang decoction based on fingerprint, quantitative analysis and pharmacodynamics. Chin Med 2020; 15:81. [PMID: 32774446 PMCID: PMC7409467 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum with unknown etiology, and its symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hematochezia. Traditional Chinese medicine compound has a good therapeutic, multi-target effect on UC. Ganjiang decoction (GD), which is a traditional classic prescription in China, contains Zingiberis Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Sanguisorbae Radix, Granati Pericarpium, and Asini Corii Colla and could be used to treat symptoms of UC. This study aimed to conduct a preliminary study before GD colon-targeted preparation, to explore the relationship between extraction method and efficacy of GD. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the fingerprinting of five preparation methods of GD. HPLC and gas chromatography were used to quantitatively analyze the important chemical components of GD and compare their differences. Mice with UC induced by dextran sulphate sodium salt received the extracts from the five preparation methods of GD via gavage. Disease activity index (DAI) score, colonic length, relative weight of spleen, pathological analysis results, inflammatory factors, therapeutic effect of the five preparation methods of GD, and their relationship with extraction process were compared. Results Cluster analysis revealed that the content of the components extracted by traditional extraction methods was significantly different from the other four methods. The third and fifth preparation methods extracted Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex with 50% ethanol to obtain more alkaloids. In the fourth and fifth methods, more volatile oils were detected by adding Zingiberis Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix fine powder. According to DAI score, colonic length, relative weight of spleen, pathological analysis results, and inflammatory factors, the third method showed a good therapeutic effect, while the fifth method had the best therapeutic effect. Conclusions The results showed that the difference of the five extracts of GD in the efficacy of DSS-induced UC in mice was closely related to the extraction method. Our study improved the extraction process of GD and provided a foundation for the process of enteric-soluble preparations and a new idea for traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Ning Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Tuo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Wen Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Likeng Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Tongming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006 China
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Ye Q, Hu Z, Yang M, Qin K, Zhou Y. Effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine for ulcerative colitis: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19768. [PMID: 32311981 PMCID: PMC7220501 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC), an important type of inflammatory bowel disease, is mainly characterized by persistent and diffuse inflammatory response of colonic mucosa. Many studies have explored the effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in UC animal models. However, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate and summarize these studies. The purpose of this study is to provide precise evidence of the effects and mechanisms of CHM in treating UC. METHODS Six databases, including 3 English databases and 3 Chinese databases will be searched. Two researchers will independently select eligible studies by reading titles, abstracts, and full texts according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of bias assessment will be conducted by 2 independent reviewers using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. The outcomes include total clinical effective rate, adverse events, disease activity index, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-17; colombosa damage index, colonic mucosa damage index; myeloperoxidase; epidermal growth factor; transforming growth factor-β1; and histopathological score. Heterogeneity between studies will be assessed by Cochrane X and I tests. We will conduct subgroup analysis to explore the subgroup effects. We will also evaluate the stability of the results through sensitivity analysis and publication bias through funnel plot and Egger test. RESULTS The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. CONCLUSION This study can help us to understand the effects and possible mechanisms of CHM for UC. For further clinical researches, this study can help us to better look for possible effective medicines for clinical use. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/YU5FN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaobo Ye
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingguang Zhou
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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