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Farinella R, Falchi F, Tavanti A, Tuoni C, Di Nino MG, Filippi L, Ciantelli M, Rizzato C, Campa D. The genetic variant SLC2A1 -rs1105297 is associated with the differential analgesic response to a glucose-based treatment in newborns. Pain 2024; 165:657-665. [PMID: 37703430 PMCID: PMC10859852 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neonatal pain is a critical issue in clinical practice. The oral administration of glucose-based solutions is currently one of the most common and effective nonpharmacologic strategies for neonatal pain relief in daily minor procedures. However, a varying degree of analgesic efficacy has been reported for this treatment. Environmental, maternal, and genetic factors may explain this variability and potentially allow for a personalized analgesic approach, maximizing therapeutic efficacy and preventing side effects. We investigated the exposome (ie, the set of clinical and anthropometric variables potentially affecting the response to the therapy) and the genetic variability of the noradrenaline transporter gene (solute carrier family 6 member 2 [ SLC6A2 ]) and 2 glucose transporter genes (solute carrier family 2 member 1 [ SLC2A1 ] and 2 [ SLC2A2 ]) in relation to the neonatal analgesic efficacy of a 33% glucose solution. The study population consisted in a homogeneous sample of more than 1400 healthy term newborns. No association for the exposome was observed, whereas a statistically significant association between the G allele of SLC2A1 -rs1105297 and a fourfold decreased probability of responding to the therapy was identified after multiple-testing correction (odds ratio of 3.98, 95% confidence interval 1.95-9.17; P = 4.05 × 10 -4 ). This allele decreases the expression of SLC2A1-AS1 , causing the upregulation of SLC2A1 in the dorsal striatum, which has been suggested to be involved in reward-related processes through the binding of opioids to the striatal mu-opioid receptors. Altogether, these results suggest the involvement of SLC2A1 in the analgesic process and highlight the importance of host genetics for defining personalized analgesic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Falchi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Tuoni
- Division of Neonatology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Filippi
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ciantelli
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Di Formazione e Simulazione Neonatale “NINA”, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Ye Q, Nunez J, Zhang X. Zona incerta dopamine neurons encode motivational vigor in food seeking. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5326. [PMID: 37976360 PMCID: PMC10656063 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Energy deprivation triggers food seeking to ensure homeostatic consumption, but the neural coding of motivational vigor in food seeking during physical hunger remains unknown. Here, we report that ablation of dopamine (DA) neurons in zona incerta (ZI) but not ventral tegmental area potently impaired food seeking after fasting. ZI DA neurons and their projections to paraventricular thalamus (PVT) were quickly activated for food approach but inhibited during food consumption. Chemogenetic manipulation of ZI DA neurons bidirectionally regulated feeding motivation to control meal frequency but not meal size for food intake. Activation of ZI DA neurons promoted, but silencing of these neurons blocked, contextual memory associate with food reward. In addition, selective activation of ZI DA projections to PVT promoted food seeking for food consumption and transited positive-valence signals. Together, these findings reveal that ZI DA neurons encode motivational vigor in food seeking for food consumption through their projections to PVT.
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3
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Ye Q, Nunez J, Zhang X. Zona incerta dopamine neurons encode motivational vigor in food seeking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.29.547060. [PMID: 37425830 PMCID: PMC10327402 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy deprivation triggers food seeking to ensure homeostatic consumption, but the neural coding of motivational vigor in food seeking during physical hunger remains unknown. Here, we report that ablation of dopamine (DA) neurons in zona incerta (ZI) but not ventral tegmental area potently impaired food seeking after fasting. ZI DA neurons were quickly activated for food approach but inhibited during food consumption. Chemogenetic manipulation of ZI DA neurons bidirectionally regulated feeding motivation to control meal frequency but not meal size for food intake. In addition, activation of ZI DA neurons and their projections to paraventricular thalamus transited positive-valence signals to promote acquisition and expression of contextual food memory. Together, these findings reveal that ZI DA neurons encode motivational vigor in food seeking for homeostatic eating. One Sentence Summary Activation of ZI DA neurons vigorously drives and maintains food-seeking behaviors to ensure food consumption triggered by energy deprivation through inhibitory DA ZI-PVT transmissions that transit positive-valence signals associated with contextual food memory.
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Yaprak D, Karagöl BS, Bozat AD, Kar İ. The role of time interval elimination on pain control of preterm infants by sucrose administration. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:841-848. [PMID: 37076639 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 2-min time interval of sucrose administration given before minor painful procedures in preterm infants is based on a few limited studies. We aimed to assess availability of sucrose analgesia in emergency states of minor procedural pain by eliminating the 2-min time interval prior to heel lance in preterm infants. The primary outcome was Premature Infants Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) at 30 and 60 s. METHODS Healthy 69 preterms undergoing a heel lance, who were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 groups, i.e., group I, with the 2-min time interval of per oral 24% sucrose given prior to heel lance, or group II, without a time interval of per oral 24% sucrose, were recruited. Premature Infants Pain Profile-Revised, crying incidence, duration, and heart rate at 30 and 60 s following heel lance were the outcome measures in this single-center, randomized, prospective study. RESULTS The 2 groups did not differ significantly in PIPP-R scores at 30 s (6.63 vs. 6.32, p = .578) and 60 s (5.80 vs. 5.38, p = .478). The crying incidence was similar between the 2 groups (p = .276). The median crying duration was 6 s (range: 1-13 s) in group I and 4.5 s (range: 1-18 s) in group II (p = .226). No significant differences in the heart rates between the 2 groups and the proportion of adverse events by time interval elimination were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Eliminating the time interval did not decrease the analgesic effect of orally administered 24% sucrose given prior to heel lance. In emergency states of minor procedural pain, eliminating the 2-min time interval following sucrose administration is safe and efficacious in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yaprak
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Gülhane Medicine Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Belma Saygili Karagöl
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Gülhane Medicine Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Dinç Bozat
- Department of Pediatrics, Gülhane Medicine Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrem Kar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Henry DB, Pemberton AL, Rogers RR, Ballmann CG. A Matter of Taste: Roles of Taste Preference on Performance and Psychological Responses during Anaerobic Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3730. [PMID: 36834425 PMCID: PMC9964433 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Various tastes including sweet, bitter, and sour have been shown to differentially influence physiological and psychological processes. Furthermore, ingestion of bitter and sweet solutions has been shown to acutely enhance exercise performance. However, the taste is highly individualized, and it is unclear if preference influences the ergogenic potential of taste. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preferred and non-preferred drink tastes on anaerobic performance and psychological responses thereof. Physically active females participated in two counterbalanced sprint trials each with a different condition: (1) non-preferred taste (NPT), (2) Preferred taste (PT). Participants self-reported taste preferences (sweet, sour, bitter) with the highest-ranked taste being used for the PT condition and the lowest-ranked for NPT. For each visit, participants completed a 15 s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) prior to (PRE) ingestion of ~20 mL of their NP or PREF taste. Following ingestion, participants completed 2 min of active recovery, rated their taste preference of the solution, and completed another 15 s WAnT. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE), motivation, and enjoyment were measured through a visual analog scale following each WAnT. Anaerobic performance measures and heart rate (HR) were also obtained at the succession of each WAnT. Findings revealed no differences between taste conditions for mean power (p = 0.455), peak power (p = 0.824), or HR (p = 0.847). RPE was significantly lower with PT versus NPT (p = 0.006). Exercise enjoyment (p = 0.022) was higher with PT compared to NPT. NPT resulted in worse motivation compared to PRE (p = 0.001) while no changes were observed between PT and PRE (p = 0.197). These findings suggest that preferred drink taste may not enhance acute performance but improves psychological responses to maximal anaerobic exercise which may have implications for improving exercise training and adherence.
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Wiaderkiewicz J, Reilly S. Expression of c-Fos following voluntary ingestion of a novel or familiar taste in rats. Brain Res 2023; 1799:148177. [PMID: 36503889 PMCID: PMC9795852 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taste neophobia, the rejection of novel tastes or foods, involves an interplay of various brain regions encompassing areas within the central gustatory system, as well as nuclei serving other functions. Previous findings, utilising c-Fos imaging, identified several brain regions which displayed higher activity after ingestion of a novel taste as compared to a familiar taste. The present study extends this analysis to include additional regions suspected of contributing to the neurocircuitry involved in evoking taste neophobia. Our data show increased c-Fos expression in the basolateral amygdala, central nucleus of the amygdala, gustatory portion of the thalamus, gustatory portion of the insular cortex and the medial and lateral regions of the parabrachial nucleus. These results confirm the contribution of areas previously identified as active during ingestion of novel tastes and expose additional areas that express elevated levels of c-Fos under these conditions, thus adding to the neural network involved in the detection and initial processing of taste novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
| | - Steve Reilly
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
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O'Connor RM, Kenny PJ. Utility of 'substance use disorder' as a heuristic for understanding overeating and obesity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 118:110580. [PMID: 35636576 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rates of obesity and obesity-associated diseases have increased dramatically in countries with developed economies. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by the persistent use of the substance despite negative consequences. It has been hypothesized that overconsumption of palatable energy dense food can elicit SUD-like maladaptive behaviors that contribute to persistent caloric intake beyond homeostatic need even in the face of negative consequences. Palatable food and drugs of abuse act on many of the same motivation-related circuits in the brain, and can induce, at least superficially, similar molecular, cellular, and physiological adaptations on these circuits. As such, applying knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms of SUDs may serve as useful heuristic to better understand the persistent overconsumption of palatable food that contributes to obesity. However, many important differences exist between the actions of drugs of abuse and palatable food in the brain. This warrants caution when attributing weight gain and obesity to the manifestation of a putative SUD-related behavioral disorder. Here, we describe similarities and differences between compulsive drug use in SUDs and overconsumption in obesity and consider the merit of the concept of "food addiction".
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M O'Connor
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States of America.
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Wang R, Wang N, Liang W, Lin T, Qiao H. The role of central amygdaloid nucleus in regulating the nongenomic effect of aldosterone on sodium intake in the nucleus tractus solitary. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2615. [PMID: 35588446 PMCID: PMC9226841 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) has dense downward fiber projections towards the nucleus tractus solitary (NTS) and can modulate the activity of NTS taste neurons. However, whether CeA affects the nongenomic role of aldosterone (ALD) in regulating sodium intake at the NTS level remains unclear. METHODS First, 40 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups, referring to different concentrations of ALD, to observe the sodium intake pattern compared with the vehicle (n = 8). ALD, the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone (SPI), and ALD + SPI were injected into the NTS. Then, the rats were divided into four groups (n = 16): bilateral/unilateral CeA electrolytic lesions, bilateral/unilateral CeA sham lesions. After recovery, one stainless steel 23-gauge cannula with two tubes was implanted into the rat NTS, and all rats underwent a recovery period of 7 days. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups that received aldosterone or control solution injection, and the cumulative intake of 0.3 mol/L NaCl solution was recorded within 30 min. RESULTS Bilateral CeA lesion eliminated the increased 0.3 mol/L NaCl intake induced by aldosterone microinjected into the NTS (CeA lesion: 0.3 ± 0.04 ml/30 min vs. sham lesion: 1.3 ± 0.3 ml/30 min). Unilateral CeA lesion reduced the increased NaCl intake induced by aldosterone microinjected into the NTS compared with the control group (p < .05) in the first 15 min but not in 15-30 min (p > .05). In sham lesion rats, aldosterone (5 ng/0.1 μl) still induced a significant increase in NaCl intake (aldosterone: 1.3 ± 0.3 ml/30 min vs. control: 0.25 ± 0.02 ml/30 min) (p < .05). CONCLUSION The results verified that the complete CeA may play an important role in aldosterone to regulate the nongenomic effect on rapid sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Rasmussen JM, Thompson PM, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Fetal programming of human energy homeostasis brain networks: Issues and considerations. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13392. [PMID: 34845821 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a transdisciplinary framework and testable hypotheses regarding the process of fetal programming of energy homeostasis brain circuitry. Our model proposes that key aspects of energy homeostasis brain circuitry already are functional by the time of birth (with substantial interindividual variation); that this phenotypic variation at birth is an important determinant of subsequent susceptibility for energy imbalance and childhood obesity risk; and that this brain circuitry exhibits developmental plasticity, in that it is influenced by conditions during intrauterine life, particularly maternal-placental-fetal endocrine, immune/inflammatory, and metabolic processes and their upstream determinants. We review evidence that supports the scientific premise for each element of this formulation, identify future research directions, particularly recent advances that may facilitate a better quantification of the ontogeny of energy homeostasis brain networks, highlight animal and in vitro-based approaches that may better address the determinants of interindividual variation in energy homeostasis brain networks, and discuss the implications of this formulation for the development of strategies targeted towards the primary prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerod M Rasmussen
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Abstract
The following essay addresses the evolution of the term "anhedonia" as a key construct in biological psychiatry, especially as it pertains to positive emotional and motivational states central to mental health and well-being. In its strictest definition, anhedonia was intended to convey an inability to experience "pleasure" derived from ingestion of sweet tastes or the experience of pleasant odors and tactile sensations, among a host of positive sensations. However, this definition has proved to be too restrictive to capture the complexity of key psychological factors linked to major depression, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders it was originally intended to address. Despite the appeal of the elegant simplicity of the term anhedonia, its limitations soon became apparent when used to explain psychological constructs including aspects of learning, memory, and incentive motivation that are major determinants of success in securing the necessities of life. Accordingly, the definition of anhedonia has morphed into a much broader term that includes key roles in the disturbance of motivation in the form of anergia, impaired incentive motivation, along with deficits in associative learning and key aspects of memory, on which the ability to predict the consequences of one's actions are based. Here we argue that it is this latter capacity, namely predicting the likely consequences of motivated behavior, which can be termed "anticipation," that is especially important in the key deficits implied by the general term anhedonia in the context of neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Soyon Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Natsheh JY, Espinoza D, Bhimani S, Shiflett MW. The effects of the dopamine D2/3 agonist quinpirole on incentive value and palatability-based choice in a rodent model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:3143-3153. [PMID: 34313801 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Palatability and incentive value influence animal food choice. Dopamine D2/3 receptor signaling may mediate the effects of palatability and incentive value on choice. Dopamine signaling is disrupted in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Investigating behavioral choice processes under D2/3 receptor agonists will help elucidate behavioral and pharmacological correlates of ADHD. OBJECTIVES To determine (1) how changes in incentive value affects choice of actions for outcomes that differ in palatability; (2) the effects of the D2/3 agonist quinpirole on choice based on palatability and incentive value; (3) how choice differs in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; ADHD model) compared with control strains. METHODS Rats responded instrumentally for two food outcomes (chocolate and grain pellets) that differed in palatability. Following specific satiety of one outcome, rats underwent a choice test. Prior to the choice test, rats were given intra-peritoneal quinpirole (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) body weight. These manipulations were conducted in three strains of rats: SHR rats; the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls; and Wistar outbred (WIS) controls. RESULTS All rat strains responded more vigorously for chocolate pellets compared with grain pellets. Quinpirole reduced the effects of palatability and dose-dependently increased the effects of incentive value on choice. SHR rats were the least influenced by incentive value, whereas WKY rats were the least influenced by palatability. CONCLUSIONS These results show that D2/3 signaling modulates choice based on palatability and incentive value. Disruption of this process in SHR rats may mirror motivational impairments observed in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joman Y Natsheh
- Children's Specialized Hospital Research Center, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine.,Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA.,Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Diego Espinoza
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 101 Warren St., 301 Smith Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Shaznaan Bhimani
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 101 Warren St., 301 Smith Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Michael William Shiflett
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 101 Warren St., 301 Smith Hall, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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Li CS, Chung KM, Kim KN, Cho YK. Influences of ethanol and temperature on sucrose-evoked response of gustatory neurons in the hamster solitary nucleus. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:603-611. [PMID: 34697271 PMCID: PMC8552825 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.6.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taste-responsive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), the first gustatory nucleus, often respond to thermal or mechanical stimulation. Alcohol, not a typical taste modality, is a rewarding stimulus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol (EtOH) and/or temperature as stimuli to the tongue on the activity of taste-responsive neurons in hamster NST. In the first set of experiments, we recorded the activity of 113 gustatory NST neurons in urethane-anesthetized hamsters and evaluated responses to four basic taste stimuli, 25% EtOH, and 40°C and 4°C distilled water (dH2O). Sixty cells responded to 25% EtOH, with most of them also being sucrose sensitive. The response to 25% EtOH was significantly correlated with the sucrose-evoked response. A significant correlation was also observed between sucrose- and 40°C dH2O- and between 25% EtOH- and 40°C dH2O-evoked firings. In a subset of the cells, we evaluated neuronal activities in response to a series of EtOH concentrations, alone and in combination with 32 mM sucrose (EtOH/Suc) at room temperature (RT, 22°C–23°C), 40°C, and 4°C. Neuronal responses to EtOH at RT and 40°C increased as the concentrations increased. The firing rates to EtOH/Suc were greater than those to EtOH or sucrose alone. The responses were enhanced when solutions were applied at 40°C but diminished at 4°C. In summary, EtOH activates most sucrose-responsive NST gustatory cells, and the concomitant presence of sucrose or warm temperatures enhance this response. Our findings may contribute to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying appetitive alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shu Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Ki-Myung Chung
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Kyung-Nyun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Young-Kyung Cho
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
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13
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Association of increased abdominal adiposity at birth with altered ventral caudate microstructure. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2396-2403. [PMID: 34282269 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal adiposity is associated with a higher risk of obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in later life. It is however unknown if central food intake regulating networks in the ventral striatum are altered with in-utero abdominal growth, indexed by neonatal adiposity in our current study. We aim to examine the relationship between striatal microstructure and abdominal adipose tissue compartments (AATCs) in Asian neonates from the Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes mother-offspring cohort. STUDY DESIGN About 109 neonates were included in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for the brain and abdominal regions between 5 to 17 days of life. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain was performed for the derivation of caudate and putamen fractional anisotropy (FA). Abdominal imaging was performed to quantify AATCs namely superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (sSAT), deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (dSAT), and internal adipose tissue (IAT). Absolute and percentage adipose tissue of total abdominal volume (TAV) were calculated. RESULTS We showed that AATCs at birth were significantly associated with increased FA in bilateral ventral caudate heads which are part of the ventral striatum (sSAT: βleft = 0.56, p < 0.001; βright = 0.65, p < 0.001, dSAT: βleft = 0.43, p < 0.001; βright = 0.52, p < 0.001, IAT: βleft = 0.30, p = 0.005; βright = 0.32, p = 0.002) in neonates with low birth weights adjusted for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides preliminary evidence of a potential relationship between neonatal adiposity and in-utero programming of the ventral striatum, a brain structure that governs feeding behavior.
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Alireza Halabian, Mehranfard N, Ghasemi M, Radahmadi M, Alaei H. Chronic Standard Scheduled-Diet Improves Memory Performance and Is Associated with Positive Correlation between Plasma Ghrelin and Hippocampal Dopamine Level in Rats. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Haddock CJ, Almeida-Pereira G, Stein LM, Hayes MR, Kolar GR, Samson WK, Yosten GLC. Signaling in rat brainstem via Gpr160 is required for the anorexigenic and antidipsogenic actions of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R236-R249. [PMID: 33206556 PMCID: PMC7988768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00096.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent work identified Gpr160 as a candidate receptor for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) and described its role in pain modulation. The aims of the present study were to determine if Gpr160 is required for the CARTp's ability to reduce food intake and water intake and to initially identify the distribution of Gpr160-like immunoreactivity (Gpr160ir) in the rat brain. A passive immunoneutralization approach targeting Gpr160 was used to block the behavioral effects of a pharmacological dose of CARTp in the fourth cerebroventricle (4V) of rats and to determine the importance of endogenously produced CARTp in the control of ingestive behaviors. Passive immunoneutralization of Gpr160 in the 4V blocked the actions of CARTp to inhibit food intake and water intake. Blockade of Gpr160 in the 4V, independent of pharmacological CART treatment, caused an increase in both overnight food intake and water intake. The decrease in food intake, but not water intake, caused by central injection of CARTp was demonstrated to be interrupted by prior administration of a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonist. Gpr160ir was observed in several, distinct sites throughout the rat brain, where CARTp staining has been described. Importantly, Gpr160ir was observed to be present in both neuronal and nonneuronal cell types. These data support the hypothesis that Gpr160 is required for the anorexigenic actions of central CARTp injection and extend these findings to water drinking. Gpr160ir was observed in both neuronal and nonneuronal cell types in regions known to be important in the multiple pharmacological effects of CARTp, identifying those areas as targets for future compromise of function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Haddock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gislaine Almeida-Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Hartstra AV, Schüppel V, Imangaliyev S, Schrantee A, Prodan A, Collard D, Levin E, Dallinga-Thie G, Ackermans MT, Winkelmeijer M, Havik SR, Metwaly A, Lagkouvardos I, Nier A, Bergheim I, Heikenwalder M, Dunkel A, Nederveen AJ, Liebisch G, Mancano G, Claus SP, Benítez-Páez A, la Fleur SE, Bergman JJ, Gerdes V, Sanz Y, Booij J, Kemper E, Groen AK, Serlie MJ, Haller D, Nieuwdorp M. Infusion of donor feces affects the gut-brain axis in humans with metabolic syndrome. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101076. [PMID: 32916306 PMCID: PMC7536740 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates that intestinal microbiota play a role in diverse metabolic processes via intestinal butyrate production. Human bariatric surgery data suggest that the gut-brain axis is also involved in this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS We compared the effect of fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) donors vs oral butyrate supplementation on (123I-FP-CIT-determined) brain dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) binding as well as stable isotope-determined insulin sensitivity at baseline and after 4 weeks in 24 male and female treatment-naïve metabolic syndrome subjects. Plasma metabolites and fecal microbiota were also determined at these time points. RESULTS We observed an increase in brain DAT after donor FMT compared to oral butyrate that reduced this binding. However, no effect on body weight and insulin sensitivity was demonstrated after post-RYGB donor feces transfer in humans with metabolic syndrome. Increases in fecal levels of Bacteroides uniformis were significantly associated with an increase in DAT, whereas increases in Prevotella spp. showed an inverse association. Changes in the plasma metabolites glycine, betaine, methionine, and lysine (associated with the S-adenosylmethionine cycle) were also associated with altered striatal DAT expression. CONCLUSIONS Although more and larger studies are needed, our data suggest a potential gut microbiota-driven modulation of brain dopamine and serotonin transporters in human subjects with obese metabolic syndrome. These data also suggest the presence of a gut-brain axis in humans that can be modulated. NTR REGISTRATION 4488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick V Hartstra
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Schüppel
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sultan Imangaliyev
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Didier Collard
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geesje Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariette T Ackermans
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Winkelmeijer
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan R Havik
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mancano
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine P Claus
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques J Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Gerdes
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elles Kemper
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Gutierrez R, Fonseca E, Simon SA. The neuroscience of sugars in taste, gut-reward, feeding circuits, and obesity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3469-3502. [PMID: 32006052 PMCID: PMC11105013 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the animal kingdom sucrose is one of the most palatable and preferred tastants. From an evolutionary perspective, this is not surprising as it is a primary source of energy. However, its overconsumption can result in obesity and an associated cornucopia of maladies, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here we describe three physiological levels of processing sucrose that are involved in the decision to ingest it: the tongue, gut, and brain. The first section describes the peripheral cellular and molecular mechanisms of sweet taste identification that project to higher brain centers. We argue that stimulation of the tongue with sucrose triggers the formation of three distinct pathways that convey sensory attributes about its quality, palatability, and intensity that results in a perception of sweet taste. We also discuss the coding of sucrose throughout the gustatory pathway. The second section reviews how sucrose, and other palatable foods, interact with the gut-brain axis either through the hepatoportal system and/or vagal pathways in a manner that encodes both the rewarding and of nutritional value of foods. The third section reviews the homeostatic, hedonic, and aversive brain circuits involved in the control of food intake. Finally, we discuss evidence that overconsumption of sugars (or high fat diets) blunts taste perception, the post-ingestive nutritional reward value, and the circuits that control feeding in a manner that can lead to the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranier Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Appetite, Department of Pharmacology, CINVESTAV, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Esmeralda Fonseca
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Appetite, Department of Pharmacology, CINVESTAV, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sidney A Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Nettore IC, Maione L, Palatucci G, Dolce P, Franchini F, Ungaro P, Belfiore A, Colao A, Macchia PE. Flavor identification inversely correlates with body mass index (BMI). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1299-1305. [PMID: 32513578 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary choices are influenced by several factors including physiological, social, or genetic factors. Among these, flavor is the most important determinant modulating food preferences. The aim of the present study was to assess flavor identification abilities in patients with obesity (Ob) in comparison with matched normal weight (NW) and over-weight (OW) subjects using a specific and validated chemosensory test. METHODS AND RESULTS The flavor test was administered to 140 Ob patients recruited in the obesity outpatient Unit at the Federico II University hospital and to the same number of NW and OW subjects matched by sex, age, and smoking habit. Flavor score (FS) inversely correlated with BMI. Median [Q1; Q3] FS was significantly higher in NW (14.5 [12; 16]) than in Ob (13 [10; 15] p < 0.001) and not significantly different from OW (14 [12; 16]) individuals. FS was also higher in OW than in Ob subjects (p < 0.005). When separated according to age quartiles, the BMI-related differences in FS were still significant in younger quartiles, while they were abolished in the older. CONCLUSIONS BMI is a critical factor modulating flavor identification, particularly in young subjects. Further investigations are needed to explore the precise mechanism and the causal relationship between body weight and olfactory dysfunctions. CLINICALTRIAL ID NCT03506074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata C Nettore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Maione
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palatucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Dolce
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Franchini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Ungaro
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale "Gaetano Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Belfiore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo E Macchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Bernard A, Dastugue A, Maquart G, Delhaye S, Duez H, Besnard P. Diet-Induced Obesity Alters the Circadian Expression of Clock Genes in Mouse Gustatory Papillae. Front Physiol 2020; 11:726. [PMID: 32714209 PMCID: PMC7344166 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is associated with a defect of the orosensory detection of dietary lipids in rodents. This dysfunction is not anecdotic since it might worsen the negative effects of obesity by promoting the overconsumption of energy-dense foods. Previous studies have highlighted a progressive devaluation of reward value of lipid stimuli due to a desensitization of dopaminergic brain areas in DIO mice. Paradoxically, the putative deleterious impact of obesity on peripheral fat detection by the gustatory papillae remains poorly documented. Using a whole transcriptomic investigation of the circumvallate papillae (CVP), an analysis of CVP genes involved in fat taste transduction and signaling along the day, and two bottle choice tests, we have found that (i) CVP, known to house the most taste buds in the oral cavity, displays a genic circadian rhythm, (ii) DIO reduces the oscillation of key genes involved both in the circadian clock and lipid detection/signaling, and (iii) the gene invalidation of the clock gene Rev-Erbα does not significantly affect fat preference despite an oily solution intake slightly lower than littermate controls. Taken together these data bring the first demonstration that the gustatory function is under control of a peripheral clock in mammals, as already reported in fly and suggest that a disturbance of this rhythmicity might contribute to the lower fatty taste acuity found in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bernard
- UMR Lipide/Nutrition/Cancer, 1231 Inserm/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Dastugue
- UMR Lipide/Nutrition/Cancer, 1231 Inserm/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Maquart
- UMR Lipide/Nutrition/Cancer, 1231 Inserm/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Delhaye
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Duez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Besnard
- UMR Lipide/Nutrition/Cancer, 1231 Inserm/University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- *Correspondence: Philippe Besnard,
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20
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Carr KD. Homeostatic regulation of reward via synaptic insertion of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in nucleus accumbens. Physiol Behav 2020; 219:112850. [PMID: 32092445 PMCID: PMC7108974 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The incentive effects of food and related cues are determined by stimulus properties and the internal state of the organism. Enhanced hedonic reactivity and incentive motivation in energy deficient subjects have been demonstrated in animal models and humans. Defining the neurobiological underpinnings of these state-based modulatory effects could illuminate fundamental mechanisms of adaptive behavior, as well as provide insight into maladaptive consequences of weight loss dieting and the relationship between disturbed eating behavior and substance abuse. This article summarizes research of our laboratory aimed at identifying neuroadaptations induced by chronic food restriction (FR) that increase the reward magnitude of drugs and associated cues. The main findings are that FR decreases basal dopamine (DA) transmission, upregulates signaling downstream of the D1 DA receptor (D1R), and triggers synaptic incorporation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Selective antagonism of CP-AMPARs decreases excitatory postsynaptic currents in NAc medium spiny neurons of FR rats and blocks the enhanced rewarding effects of d-amphetamine and a D1R, but not a D2R, agonist. These results suggest that FR drives CP-AMPARs into the synaptic membrane of D1R-expressing MSNs, possibly as a homeostatic response to reward loss. FR subjects also display diminished aversion for contexts associated with LiCl treatment and centrally infused cocaine. An encompassing, though speculative, hypothesis is that NAc synaptic incorporation of CP-AMPARs in response to food scarcity and other forms of sustained reward loss adaptively increases incentive effects of reward stimuli and, at the same time, diminishes responsiveness to aversive stimuli that have potential to interfere with goal pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Carr
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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21
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Szczygiel EJ, Cho S, Snyder MK, Tucker RM. Associations between chemosensory function, sweet taste preference, and the previous night’s sleep in non-obese males. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reichard RA, Parsley KP, Subramanian S, Zahm DS. Dissociable effects of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors on compulsive ingestion and pivoting movements elicited by disinhibiting the ventral pallidum. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1925-1932. [PMID: 31087183 PMCID: PMC6565492 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that infusion of a GABAA receptor antagonist, such as bicuculline (bic), into the ventral (pallidum VP) of rats elicits vigorous ingestion in sated subjects and abnormal pivoting movements. Here, we assessed if the ingestive effects generalize to the lateral preoptic area (LPO) and tested both effects for modulation by dopamine receptor signaling. Groups of rats received injections of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol (hal), the D1 antagonist, SCH-23390 (SCH), or vehicle (veh) followed by infusions of bic or veh into the VP or LPO. Ingestion effects were not observed following LPO bic infusions. Compulsive ingestion associated with VP activation was attenuated by hal, but not SCH. VP bic-elicited pivoting was attenuated by neither hal, nor SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhett A Reichard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425-8908, USA.
| | - Kenneth P Parsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Suriya Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Daniel S Zahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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Milanesi LH, Rossato DR, Dias VT, Kronbauer M, D’avila LF, Somacal S, Duarte T, Duarte MMF, Emanuelli T, Burger ME. Mediterranean X Western based diets: Opposite influences on opioid reinstatement. Toxicol Lett 2019; 308:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Effects of long-term high-fat food or methamphetamine intake and serotonin 2C receptors on reversal learning in female rhesus macaques. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:478-486. [PMID: 30188516 PMCID: PMC6333825 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perseverative behavior has been highly implicated in addiction. Activation of serotonin 2C receptors (5-HT2CRs) attenuates cocaine and high caloric food intake, but whether a 5-HT2CR agonist can reduce high caloric diet (HCD) or methamphetamine (METH) intake and response perseveration remains unknown. Clarifying the role of 5-HT2CRs in these behaviors will improve knowledge of neurochemical processes that regulate flexible decision-making and whether improvements in decision-making are accompanied by decreases in HCD or METH intake. This study evaluated the effects of long-term HCD and METH intake on reversal learning in female rhesus monkeys. The effects of the 5-HT2CR agonist WAY163909 on reversal learning before and after extended HCD or METH intake, and on food intake, was also tested. Moreover, we examined whether the 5-HT2CR is necessary for the effects of WAY163909. WAY163909 was given prior to reversal learning at baseline and after extended HCD or METH intake, and prior to measures of food intake. Extended intake of METH or the HCD increased perseverative errors during reversal. WAY163909 increased correct responses and decreased perseverative errors, both before and after extended HCD or METH intake. Similarly, WAY163909 decreased consumption of a HCD, but not a low caloric diet. The effects of WAY163909 on all these measures were blocked by co-administration with a 5-HT2CR antagonist. These data indicate that long-term HCD or METH intake disrupts flexible decision-making. Further, the results suggest that reductions in food intake produced by WAY163909 are associated with parallel improvements in decision-making strategies, underscoring the role of the 5-HT2CR for these behavioral effects.
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Duraffourd C, Huckstepp RTR, Braren I, Fernandes C, Brock O, Delogu A, Prysyazhna O, Burgoyne J, Eaton P. PKG1α oxidation negatively regulates food seeking behaviour and reward. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101077. [PMID: 30593979 PMCID: PMC6306694 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes that are highly conserved in food seeking behaviour, such as protein kinase G (PKG), are of interest because of their potential role in the global obesity epidemic. PKG1α can be activated by binding of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) or oxidant-induced interprotein disulfide bond formation between the two subunits of this homodimeric kinase. PKG1α activation by cGMP plays a role in reward and addiction through its actions in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain. ‘Redox dead’ C42S PKG1α knock-in (KI) mice, which are fully deficient in oxidant-induced disulfide-PKG1α formation, display increased food seeking and reward behaviour compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. Rewarding monoamines such as dopamine, which are released during feeding, are metabolised by monoamine oxidase to generate hydrogen peroxide that was shown to mediate PKG1α oxidation. Indeed, inhibition of monoamine oxidase, which prevents it producing hydrogen peroxide, attenuated PKG1α oxidation and increased sucrose preference in WT, but not KI mice. The deficient reward phenotype of the KI mice was rescued by expressing WT kinase that can form the disulfide state in the VTA using an adeno-associated virus, consistent with PKG1α oxidation providing a break on feeding behaviour. In conclusion, disulfide-PKG1α in VTA neurons acts as a negative regulator of feeding and therefore may provide a novel therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Duraffourd
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, the Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ingke Braren
- University Medical Center Eppendorf, Vector Facility, Inst. for Exp. Pharmacology and Toxikology, N30, Room 09, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- SGDP Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Brock
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksandra Prysyazhna
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, the Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Burgoyne
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, the Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College London, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, the Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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Qiao H, Wang N, Yan J. [Role of the central nucleus of the amygdala in regulating the nongenomic effect of aldosterone on sodium intake in rat nucleus tractus solitarius]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1159-1164. [PMID: 30377123 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal the nongenomic effect of aldosterone on the regulation of sodium intake in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the role of central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in regulating this effect. METHODS Adult male SD rats were divided into four groups and underwent operations to induce bilateral CeA electrolytic lesions (400 μA, 25 s; n=28), bilateral sham CeA lesions (n=28), unilateral CeA lesions (n=28), or unilateral sham CeA lesions (n=26). After 3 days of recovery, the rats received implantation of a stainless steel 23-gauge cannula wih two tubes into the NTS followed by a recovery period of 7 days. The rats in each group were then divided into two subgroups for microinjection of aldosterone (50 ng/μL) or control solution in the NTS, and the cumulative intake within 30 min of 0.3 mol/L NaCl solution was recorded for each rat. RESULTS Bilateral CeA lesions (3 days) eliminated the increased 0.3 mol/L NaCl intake induced by aldosterone microinjected into the NTS (0.3±0.04 mL in CeA lesion group vs 1.3±0.3 mL in sham lesion group). Unilateral CeA lesion (3 days) reduced aldosterone-induced increase of NaCl intake in the first 15 min (P < 0.05) but not in 15-30 min (P > 0.05). In rats with sham lesions, aldosterone (50 ng/μL) still induced a significant increase in NaCl intake[1.3±0.3 mL vs 0.25±0.02 mL in the control group; F (3, 224)=24.0, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS The regulation of sodium intake by aldosterone is subjected to descending facilitatory modulation by the bilateral CeA, and CeA integrity is essential for aldosterone to execute the nongenomic effect in regulating rapid sodium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Qiao
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jianqun Yan
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
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Gomes JAS, Oliveira MC, Gobira PH, Silva GC, Marçal AP, Gomes GF, Ferrari CZ, Lemos VS, Oliveira ACPD, Vieira LB, Ferreira AVM, Aguiar DC. A high-refined carbohydrate diet facilitates compulsive-like behavior in mice through the nitric oxide pathway. Nitric Oxide 2018; 80:61-69. [PMID: 30125695 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by abnormal adipose tissue expansion and is associated with chronic inflammation. Obesity itself may induce several comorbidities, including psychiatric disorders. It has been previously demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines are able to up-regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) release, which both have a role in compulsive related behaviors. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether acute or chronic consumption of a high-refined carbohydrate-containing (HC) diet will modify burying-behavior in the Marble Burying Test (MBT) through augmentation of NO signaling in the striatum, a brain region related to the reward system. Further, we also verified the effects of chronic consumption of a HC diet on the reinforcing effects induced by cocaine in the Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) test. METHODS Male BALB/c mice received a standard diet (control diet) or a HC diet for 3 days or 12 weeks. RESULTS An increase in burying behavior occurred in the MBT after chronic consumption of a HC diet that was associated with an increase of nitrite levels in the striatum. The pre-treatment with Aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg), a preferential inhibitor of iNOS, prevented such alterations. Additionally, a chronic HC diet also induced a higher expression of iNOS in this region and higher glutamate release from striatal synaptosomes. Neither statistical differences were observed in the expression levels of the neuronal isoform of NOS nor in microglia number and activation. Finally, the reinforcing effects induced by cocaine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) during the expression of the conditioned response in the CPP test were not different between the chronically HC diet fed mice and the control group. However, HC diet-feeding mice presented impairment of cocaine-preference extinction. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results suggest that the chronic consumption of a HC diet induces compulsive-like behavior through a mechanism possibly associated with NO activation in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Ariana Souza Gomes
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina C Oliveira
- Departmento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Gobira
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Grazielle C Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Marçal
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Freitas Gomes
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departmento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Zaniboni Ferrari
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departmento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Departmento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luciene Bruno Vieira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departmento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adaliene V M Ferreira
- Departmento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Aguiar
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Egan AE, Thompson AMK, Buesing D, Fourman SM, Packard AEB, Terefe T, Li D, Wang X, Song S, Solomon MB, Ulrich-Lai YM. Palatable Food Affects HPA Axis Responsivity and Forebrain Neurocircuitry in an Estrous Cycle-specific Manner in Female Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 384:224-240. [PMID: 29852242 PMCID: PMC6071329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Eating palatable foods can provide stress relief, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. We previously characterized a limited sucrose intake (LSI) paradigm in which twice-daily access to a small amount of 30% sucrose (vs. water as a control) reduces hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to stress and alters neuronal activation in stress-regulatory brain regions in male rats. However, women may be more prone to 'comfort feeding' behaviors than men, and stress-related eating may vary across the menstrual cycle. This suggests that LSI effects may be sex- and estrous cycle-dependent. The present study therefore investigated the effects of LSI on HPA axis stress responsivity, as well as markers of neuronal activation/plasticity in stress- and reward-related neurocircuitry in female rats across the estrous cycle. We found that LSI reduced post-restraint stress plasma ACTH in female rats specifically during proestrus/estrus (P/E). LSI also increased basal (non-stress) FosB/deltaFosB- and pCREB-immunolabeling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and central amygdala specifically during P/E. Finally, Bayesian network modeling of the FosB/deltaFosB and pCREB expression data identified a neurocircuit that includes the BLA, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as likely being modified by LSI during P/E. When considered in the context of our prior results, the present findings suggest that palatable food reduces stress responses in female rats similar to males, but in an estrous cycle-dependent manner. Further, the BLA may contribute to the LSI effects in both sexes, whereas the involvement of other brain regions appears to be sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Egan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Abigail M K Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Dana Buesing
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Sarah M Fourman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Amy E B Packard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Tegesty Terefe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Seongho Song
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Matia B Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
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Endocannabinoids in Body Weight Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11020055. [PMID: 29849009 PMCID: PMC6027162 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of body weight is fundamental to maintain one's health and to promote longevity. Nevertheless, it appears that the global obesity epidemic is still constantly increasing. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid messengers that are involved in overall body weight control by interfering with manifold central and peripheral regulatory circuits that orchestrate energy homeostasis. Initially, blocking of eCB signaling by first generation cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) inverse agonists such as rimonabant revealed body weight-reducing effects in laboratory animals and men. Unfortunately, rimonabant also induced severe psychiatric side effects. At this point, it became clear that future cannabinoid research has to decipher more precisely the underlying central and peripheral mechanisms behind eCB-driven control of feeding behavior and whole body energy metabolism. Here, we will summarize the most recent advances in understanding how central eCBs interfere with circuits in the brain that control food intake and energy expenditure. Next, we will focus on how peripheral eCBs affect food digestion, nutrient transformation and energy expenditure by interfering with signaling cascades in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat depots and endocrine glands. To finally outline the safe future potential of cannabinoids as medicines, our overall goal is to address the molecular, cellular and pharmacological logic behind central and peripheral eCB-mediated body weight control, and to figure out how these precise mechanistic insights are currently transferred into the development of next generation cannabinoid medicines displaying clearly improved safety profiles, such as significantly reduced side effects.
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Liu CM, Kanoski SE. Homeostatic and non-homeostatic controls of feeding behavior: Distinct vs. common neural systems. Physiol Behav 2018; 193:223-231. [PMID: 29421588 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the neurobiological controls of feeding behavior is critical in light of the growing obesity pandemic, a phenomenon largely based on excessive caloric consumption. Feeding behavior and its underlying biological substrates are frequently divided in the literature into two separate categories: [1] homeostatic processes involving energy intake based on caloric and other metabolic deficits, and [2] non-homeostatic processes that involve feeding driven by environmental and cognitive factors. The present review summarizes both historic and recent research examining the homeostatic regulation of feeding with specific emphasis on hypothalamic and hindbrain circuitry that monitor and regulate various metabolic signals. Regarding non-homeostatic controls, we highlight higher-order brain structures that integrate feeding-relevant external, interoceptive, and cognitive factors, including sensory cortical processing, learned associations in the hippocampus, and reward-based processing in the nucleus accumbens and interconnected mesolimbic circuitry. Finally, the current review focuses on recent evidence that challenges the traditional view that distinct neural systems regulate homeostatic vs. non-homeostatic controls of feeding behavior. Specifically, we highlight several feeding-related endocrine systems that act on both lower- and higher-order substrates, present evidence for the modulation of learned and cognitive feeding-relevant behaviors by lower-order brain regions, and highlight data showing that apparent homeostatic-based feeding behavior is modulated by higher-order brain regions. Our concluding perspective is that the classic dissociation between homeostatic and non-homeostatic constructs in relation to feeding behavior is limited with regards to understanding the complex integrated neurobiological systems that control energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa M Liu
- University of Southern California, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Los Angeles, CA, United States; University of Southern California, Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- University of Southern California, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Los Angeles, CA, United States; University of Southern California, Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Naneix F, Darlot F, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Pape JR, Coutureau E, Cador M. Protracted motivational dopamine-related deficits following adolescence sugar overconsumption. Neuropharmacology 2018; 129:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Donovan M, Liu Y, Wang Z. Anxiety-like behavior and neuropeptide receptor expression in male and female prairie voles: The effects of stress and social buffering. Behav Brain Res 2018; 342:70-78. [PMID: 29355675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strong social support can negate negative health outcomes - an effect defined as 'social buffering'. In the present study, using the socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), we examined whether the presence of a bonded partner during a stressful event can reduce stress responses. Adult, pair-bonded female and male voles were assigned into experimental groups that were either handled (Control), experienced a 1-h immobilization (IMO) stress alone (IMO-Alone), or experienced IMO with their partner (IMO-Partner). Thereafter, subjects were tested for anxiety-like behavior, and brain sections were subsequently processed for oxytocin receptor (OTR) and vasopressin V1a-type receptor (V1aR) binding. Our data indicate that while IMO stress significantly decreased the time that subjects spent in the open arms of an elevated plus maze, partner's presence prevented this behavioral change - this social buffering on anxiety-like behavior was the same for both male and female subjects. Further, IMO stress decreased OTR binding in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), but a partner's presence dampened this effect. No effects were found in V1aR binding. These data suggest that the neuropeptide- and brain region-specific OTR alterations in the NAcc may be involved in both the mediation and social buffering of stress responses. Some sex differences in the OTR and V1aR binding were also found in selected brain regions, offering new insights into the sexually dimorphic roles of the two neuropeptides. Overall, our results suggest a potential preventative approach in which the presence of social interactions during a stressor may buffer typical negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Donovan
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Sasaki T. Neural and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Controlling the Quality of Feeding Behavior: Diet Selection and Feeding Patterns. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101151. [PMID: 29053636 PMCID: PMC5691767 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We are what we eat. There are three aspects of feeding: what, when, and how much. These aspects represent the quantity (how much) and quality (what and when) of feeding. The quantitative aspect of feeding has been studied extensively, because weight is primarily determined by the balance between caloric intake and expenditure. In contrast, less is known about the mechanisms that regulate the qualitative aspects of feeding, although they also significantly impact the control of weight and health. However, two aspects of feeding quality relevant to weight loss and weight regain are discussed in this review: macronutrient-based diet selection (what) and feeding pattern (when). This review covers the importance of these two factors in controlling weight and health, and the central mechanisms that regulate them. The relatively limited and fragmented knowledge on these topics indicates that we lack an integrated understanding of the qualitative aspects of feeding behavior. To promote better understanding of weight control, research efforts must focus more on the mechanisms that control the quality and quantity of feeding behavior. This understanding will contribute to improving dietary interventions for achieving weight control and for preventing weight regain following weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
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Yan JB, Hu ZH. [µ-opioid receptors in the central nucleus of the amygdala mediate sodium intake in rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1195-1200. [PMID: 28951361 PMCID: PMC6765484 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.09.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the opioidergic mechanism of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) for regulating sodium appetite in rats. METHDOS Using the elaborate invasive cerebral cannulation and brain microinjection method, we observed the effects of bilateral intra-CeA injections of DAMGO (a selective µ-opioid receptor agonist) and CTAP (a highly selective µ-opioid receptor antagonist), either alone or in combination, on NaCl solution (0.3 mol/L) and water intake by rats in different models of Na+ ingestion. RESULTS In the two-bottle tests, bilateral injections of DAMGO at 1, 2, and 4 nmol into the CeA induced a dose-related increase of NaCl and water intake in rats treated with water deprivation with partial rehydration (WD-PR), and pretreatment with 0.5, 1, and 2 nmol CTAP injected into the CeA significantly suppressed DAMGO-induced NaCl and water intake in a dose-dependent manner: in the one-bottle tests, bilateral injections of DAMGO (2 noml) into the CeA had no effect on water intake of the rats. In rats with subcutaneous injection of furosemide (FURO) combined with captopril (CAP) (FURO+CAP), bilateral intra-CeA injections of DAMGO (2 nmol) caused increased NaCl and water intake in the two-bottle tests, but such effects were suppressed by pretreatment with CTAP injection into the CeA; in the one-bottle tests, bilateral intra-CeA injections of DAMGO had no effect on water intake of the rats. CONCLUSION µ-opioid receptors in the CeA are involved in the excitatory regulation of sodium appetite to mediate sodium intake. µ-opioid receptor antagonists are expected to be targets for developing inhibitors of sodium appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bao Yan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.E-mail:
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Striatal GPR88 Modulates Foraging Efficiency. J Neurosci 2017; 37:7939-7947. [PMID: 28729439 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2439-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is anatomically and behaviorally implicated in behaviors that promote efficient foraging. To investigate this function, we studied instrumental choice behavior in mice lacking GPR88, a striatum-enriched orphan G-protein-coupled receptor that modulates striatal medium spiny neuron excitability. Our results reveal that hungry mice lacking GPR88 (KO mice) were slow to acquire food-reinforced lever press but could lever press similar to controls on a progressive ratio schedule. Both WT and KO mice discriminated between reward and no-reward levers; however, KO mice failed to discriminate based on relative quantity-reward (1 vs 3 food pellets) or effort (3 vs 9 lever presses). We also demonstrate preference for the high-reward (3 pellet) lever was selectively reestablished when GPR88 expression was restored to the striatum. We propose that GPR88 expression within the striatum is integral to efficient action-selection during foraging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Evolutionary pressure driving energy homeostasis favored detection and comparison of caloric value. In wild and laboratory settings, neural systems involved in energy homeostasis bias foraging to maximize energy efficiency. This is observed when foraging behaviors are guided by superior nutritional density or minimized caloric expenditure. The striatum is anatomically and functionally well placed to perform the sensory and motor integration necessary for efficient action selection during foraging. However, few studies have examined this behavioral phenomenon or elucidated underlying molecular mechanisms. Both humans and mice with nonfunctional GPR88 have been shown to present striatal dysfunctions and impaired learning. We demonstrate that GPR88 expression is necessary to efficiently integrate effort and energy density information guiding instrumental choice.
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Versteeg RI, Schrantee A, Adriaanse SM, Unmehopa UA, Booij J, Reneman L, Fliers E, Fleur SE, Serlie MJ. Timing of caloric intake during weight loss differentially affects striatal dopamine transporter and thalamic serotonin transporter binding. FASEB J 2017; 31:4545-4554. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth I. Versteeg
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sofie M. Adriaanse
- Department of Nuclear MedicineAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Unga A. Unmehopa
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear MedicineAcademic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Susanne E. Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mireille J. Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Impact of Early Consumption of High-Fat Diet on the Mesolimbic Dopaminergic System. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0120-17. [PMID: 28580417 PMCID: PMC5454405 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0120-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggest that consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) can impact the maturation of brain circuits, such as during adolescence, which could account for behavioral alterations associated with obesity. In the present study, we used behavioral sensitization to amphetamine to investigate the effect of periadolescent HFD exposure (pHFD) in rats on the functionality of the dopamine (DA) system, a central actor in food reward processing. pHFD does not affect responding to an acute injection, however, a single exposure to amphetamine is sufficient to induce locomotor sensitization in pHFD rats. This is paralleled by rapid neurobiological adaptations within the DA system. In pHFD-exposed animals, a single amphetamine exposure induces an increase in bursting activity of DA cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as well as higher DA release and greater expression of (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Post-synaptically, pHFD animals display an increase in NAc D2 receptors and c-Fos expression after amphetamine injection. These findings highlight the vulnerability of DA system to the consumption of HFD during adolescence that may support deficits in reward-related processes observed in obesity.
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Mietlicki-Baase EG, McGrath LE, Koch-Laskowski K, Krawczyk J, Reiner DJ, Pham T, Nguyen CTN, Turner CA, Olivos DR, Wimmer ME, Schmidt HD, Hayes MR. Amylin receptor activation in the ventral tegmental area reduces motivated ingestive behavior. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:67-79. [PMID: 28552704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amylin is produced in the pancreas and the brain, and acts centrally to reduce feeding and body weight. Recent data show that amylin can act in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to reduce palatable food intake and promote negative energy balance, but the behavioral mechanisms by which these effects occur are not fully understood. The ability of VTA amylin signaling to reduce intake of specific palatable macronutrients (fat or carbohydrate) was tested in rats in several paradigms, including one-bottle acceptance tests, two-bottle choice tests, and a free-choice diet. Data show that VTA amylin receptor activation with the amylin receptor agonist salmon calcitonin (sCT) preferentially and potently reduces intake of fat, with more variable suppression of sucrose intake. Intake of a non-nutritive sweetener is also decreased by intra-VTA administration of sCT. As several feeding-related signals that act in the mesolimbic system also impact motivated behaviors besides feeding, we tested the hypothesis that the suppressive effects of amylin signaling in the VTA extend to other motivationally relevant stimuli. Results show that intra-VTA sCT reduces water intake in response to central administration of the dipsogenic peptide angiotensin II, but has no effect on ad libitum water intake in the absence of food. Importantly, open field and social interaction studies show that VTA amylin signaling does not produce anxiety-like behaviors. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel ability of VTA amylin receptor activation to alter palatable macronutrient intake, and also demonstrate a broader role of VTA amylin signaling for the control of motivated ingestive behaviors beyond feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Mietlicki-Baase
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Lauren E McGrath
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kieran Koch-Laskowski
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joanna Krawczyk
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David J Reiner
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tram Pham
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chan Tran N Nguyen
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher A Turner
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diana R Olivos
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu E Wimmer
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Pak K, Kim SJ, Kim IJ. Obesity and Brain Positron Emission Tomography. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 52:16-23. [PMID: 29391908 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-017-0483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, an increasingly common problem in modern societies, results from energy intake chronically exceeding energy expenditure. This imbalance of energy can be triggered by the internal state of the caloric equation (homeostasis) and non-homeostatic factors, such as social, cultural, psychological, environmental factors or food itself. Nowadays, positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals have been examined to understand the cerebral control of food intake in humans. Using 15O-H2 PET, changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) coupled to neuronal activity were reported in states of fasting, satiation after feeding, and sensory stimulation. In addition, rCBF in obese subjects showed a greater increase in insula, the primary gustatory cortex. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET showed higher metabolic activity in postcentral gyrus of the parietal cortex and lower in prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in obese subjects. In addition, dopamine receptor (DR) PET demonstrated lower DR availability in obese subjects, which might lead to overeating to compensate. Brain PET has been utilized to reveal the connectivity between obesity and brain. This could improve understanding of obesity and help develop a new treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjune Pak
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- 2Department of Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
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Whiting L, McCutcheon JE, Boyle CN, Roitman MF, Lutz TA. The area postrema (AP) and the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) are important sites for salmon calcitonin (sCT) to decrease evoked phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Physiol Behav 2017; 176:9-16. [PMID: 28342771 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic hormone amylin and its agonist salmon calcitonin (sCT) act via the area postrema (AP) and the lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBN) to reduce food intake. Investigations of amylin and sCT signaling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) suggest that the eating inhibitory effect of amylin is, in part, mediated through the mesolimbic 'reward' pathway. Indeed, administration of the sCT directly to the VTA decreased phasic dopamine release (DA) in the NAc. However, it is not known if peripheral amylin modulates the mesolimbic system directly or whether this occurs via the AP and PBN. To determine whether and how peripheral amylin or sCT affect mesolimbic reward circuitry we utilized fast scan cyclic voltammetry under anesthesia to measure phasic DA release in the NAc evoked by electrical stimulation of the VTA in intact, AP lesioned and bilaterally PBN lesioned rats. Amylin (50μg/kg i.p.) did not change phasic DA responses compared to saline control rats. However, sCT (50μg/kg i.p.) decreased evoked DA release to VTA-stimulation over 1h compared to saline treated control rats. Further investigations determined that AP and bilateral PBN lesions abolished the ability of sCT to suppress evoked phasic DA responses to VTA-stimulation. These findings implicate the AP and the PBN as important sites for peripheral sCT to decrease evoked DA release in the NAc and suggest that these nuclei may influence hedonic and motivational processes to modulate food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Whiting
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James E McCutcheon
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | - Christina N Boyle
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell F Roitman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Centre of Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Barna J, Renner E, Arszovszki A, Cservenák M, Kovács Z, Palkovits M, Dobolyi A. Suckling induced activation pattern in the brain of rat pups. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:317-327. [PMID: 28185482 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1286446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to understand the effects of suckling on the brain of the pups by mapping their brain activation pattern in response to suckling. METHODS The c-fos method was applied to identify activated neurons. Fasted rat pups were returned to their mothers for suckling and sacrificed 2 hours later for Fos immunohistochemistry. Double labeling was also performed to characterize some of the activated neurons. For comparison, another group of fasted pups were given dry food before Fos mapping. RESULTS After suckling, we found an increase in the number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons in the insular and somatosensory cortices, central amygdaloid nucleus (CAm), paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and the area postrema. Double labeling experiments demonstrated the activation of calcitonin gene-related peptide-ir (CGRP-ir) neurons in the LPB, corticotropin-releasing hormone-ir (CRH-ir) but not oxytocin-ir neurons in the PVN, and noradrenergic neurons in the NTS. In the CAm, Fos-ir neurons did not contain CRH but were apposed to CGRP-ir fiber terminals. Refeeding with dry food-induced Fos activation in all brain areas activated by suckling. The degree of activation was higher following dry food consumption than suckling in the insular cortex, and lower in the supraoptic nucleus and the NTS. Furthermore, the accumbens, arcuate, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, and the lateral hypothalamic area, which were not activated by suckling, showed activation by dry food. DISCUSSION Neurons in a number of brain areas are activated during suckling, and may participate in the signaling of satiety, taste perception, reward, food, and salt balance regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Barna
- a Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Eva Renner
- b MTA-SOTE NAP_A Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Antónia Arszovszki
- c MTA-ELTE NAP_B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology , Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Melinda Cservenák
- a Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,c MTA-ELTE NAP_B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology , Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kovács
- d Department of Zoology , University of West Hungary, Savaria Campus , Szombathely , Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- b MTA-SOTE NAP_A Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Arpád Dobolyi
- a Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,c MTA-ELTE NAP_B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology , Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
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Fetissov SO. Role of the gut microbiota in host appetite control: bacterial growth to animal feeding behaviour. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:11-25. [PMID: 27616451 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The life of all animals is dominated by alternating feelings of hunger and satiety - the main involuntary motivations for feeding-related behaviour. Gut bacteria depend fully on their host for providing the nutrients necessary for their growth. The intrinsic ability of bacteria to regulate their growth and to maintain their population within the gut suggests that gut bacteria can interfere with molecular pathways controlling energy balance in the host. The current model of appetite control is based mainly on gut-brain signalling and the animal's own needs to maintain energy homeostasis; an alternative model might also involve bacteria-host communications. Several bacterial components and metabolites have been shown to stimulate intestinal satiety pathways; at the same time, their production depends on bacterial growth cycles. This short-term bacterial growth-linked modulation of intestinal satiety can be coupled with long-term regulation of appetite, controlled by the neuropeptidergic circuitry in the hypothalamus. Indeed, several bacterial products are detected in the systemic circulation, which might act directly on hypothalamic neurons. This Review analyses the data relevant to possible involvement of the gut bacteria in the regulation of host appetite and proposes an integrative homeostatic model of appetite control that includes energy needs of both the host and its gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergueï O Fetissov
- Nutrition, Gut &Brain Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1073, University of Rouen Normandy, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen, France
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Qiao H, Hu B, Zhou H, Yan J, Jia R, Lu B, Sun B, Luo X, Fan Y, Wang N. Aldosterone induces rapid sodium intake by a nongenomic mechanism in the nucleus tractus solitarius. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38631. [PMID: 27934887 PMCID: PMC5146675 DOI: 10.1038/srep38631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether aldosterone has a rapid action in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that increases sodium intake, and to examine whether this effect of aldosterone, if present, is mediated by G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with a stainless-steel cannula in the NTS were used. Aldosterone was injected into the NTS at the doses of 1, 5, 10 and 20 ng 0.1 μl−1. A rapid dose-related increase of 0.3 M NaCl intake was induced within 30 min and this increase was not suppressed by the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone (10 ng 0.1 μl−1). Water intake was not affected by aldosterone. The GPER agonist G-1 produced a parallel and significant increase in sodium intake, while pre-treatment with GPER antagonist G15 (10 ng 0.1 μl−1) blocked the G-1 or aldosterone-induced rapid sodium intake. In addition, sodium intake induced by sodium depletion or low-sodium diet fell within 30 min after injection into the NTS of the MR antagonist spironolactone, while G15 had no effect. Our results confirm previous reports, and support the hypothesis that aldosterone evokes rapid sodium intake through a non-genomic mechanism involving GPER in NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Jianqun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98# Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ru Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Science, 76# W. Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Strigo IA, Craig ADB. Interoception, homeostatic emotions and sympathovagal balance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20160010. [PMID: 28080968 PMCID: PMC5062099 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We briefly review the evidence for distinct neuroanatomical substrates that underlie interoception in humans, and we explain how they substantialize feelings from the body (in the insular cortex) that are conjoined with homeostatic motivations that guide adaptive behaviours (in the cingulate cortex). This hierarchical sensorimotor architecture coincides with the limbic cortical architecture that underlies emotions, and thus we regard interoceptive feelings and their conjoint motivations as homeostatic emotions We describe how bivalent feelings, emotions and sympathovagal balance can be organized and regulated efficiently in the bicameral forebrain as asymmetric positive/negative, approach/avoidance and parasympathetic/sympathetic components. We provide original evidence supporting this organization from studies of cardiorespiratory vagal activity in monkeys and functional imaging studies in healthy humans showing activation modulated by paced breathing and passively viewed emotional images. The neuroanatomical architecture of interoception provides deep insight into the functional organization of all emotional feelings and behaviours in humans.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Strigo
- Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Arthur D Bud Craig
- Neurosurgery Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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Dela Cruz JAD, Coke T, Bodnar RJ. Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats. J Vis Exp 2016:53897. [PMID: 27583636 PMCID: PMC5091945 DOI: 10.3791/53897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study uses cellular c-fos activation to assess effects of novel ingestion of fat and sugar on brain dopamine (DA) pathways in rats. Intakes of sugars and fats are mediated by their innate attractions as well as learned preferences. Brain dopamine, especially meso-limbic and meso-cortical projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), has been implicated in both of these unlearned and learned responses. The concept of distributed brain networks, wherein several sites and transmitter/peptide systems interact, has been proposed to mediate palatable food intake, but there is limited evidence empirically demonstrating such actions. Thus, sugar intake elicits DA release and increases c-fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) from individual VTA DA projection zones including the nucleus accumbens (NAC), amygdala (AMY) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as well as the dorsal striatum. Further, central administration of selective DA receptor antagonists into these sites differentially reduce acquisition and expression of conditioned flavor preferences elicited by sugars or fats. One approach by which to determine whether these sites interacted as a distributed brain network in response to sugar or fat intake would be to simultaneous evaluate whether the VTA and its major mesotelencephalic DA projection zones (prelimbic and infralimbic mPFC, core and shell of the NAc, basolateral and central-cortico-medial AMY) as well as the dorsal striatum would display coordinated and simultaneous FLI activation after oral, unconditioned intake of corn oil (3.5%), glucose (8%), fructose (8%) and saccharin (0.2%) solutions. This approach is a successful first step in identifying the feasibility of using cellular c-fos activation simultaneously across relevant brain sites to study reward-related learning in ingestion of palatable food in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A D Dela Cruz
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Cluster, Psychology Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY
| | - Tricia Coke
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY
| | - Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, CUNY, Flushing, NY; Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Cluster, Psychology Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center, CUNY, Flushing, NY;
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Kalon E, Hong JY, Tobin C, Schulte T. Psychological and Neurobiological Correlates of Food Addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 129:85-110. [PMID: 27503449 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) is loosely defined as hedonic eating behavior involving the consumption of highly palatable foods (ie, foods high in salt, fat, and sugar) in quantities beyond homeostatic energy requirements. FA shares some common symptomology with other pathological eating disorders, such as binge eating. Current theories suggest that FA shares both behavioral similarities and overlapping neural correlates to other substance addictions. Although preliminary, neuroimaging studies in response to food cues and the consumption of highly palatable food in individuals with FA compared to healthy controls have shown differing activation patterns and connectivity in brain reward circuits including regions such as the striatum, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and nucleus accumbens. Additional effects have been noted in the hypothalamus, a brain area responsible for regulating eating behaviors and peripheral satiety networks. FA is highly impacted by impulsivity and mood. Chronic stress can negatively affect hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, thus influencing eating behavior and increasing desirability of highly palatable foods. Future work will require clearly defining FA as a distinct diagnosis from other eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kalon
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States.
| | - J Y Hong
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - C Tobin
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System Menlo Park Division, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - T Schulte
- Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
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Control of Appetite and Food Preference by NMDA Receptor and Its Co-Agonist d-Serine. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071081. [PMID: 27399680 PMCID: PMC4964457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes a significant negative impact on health of human beings world-wide. The main reason for weight gain, which eventually leads to obesity, is excessive ingestion of energy above the body’s homeostatic needs. Therefore, the elucidation of detailed mechanisms for appetite control is necessary to prevent and treat obesity. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a post-synaptic glutamate receptor and is important for excitatory neurotransmission. It is expressed throughout the nervous system, and is important for long-term potentiation. It requires both ligand (glutamate) and co-agonist (d-serine or glycine) for efficient opening of the channel to allow calcium influx. d-serine is contained in fermented foods and marine invertebrates, and brain d-serine level is maintained by synthesis in vivo and supply from food and gut microbiota. Although the NMDA receptor has been reported to take part in the central regulation of appetite, the role of d-serine had not been addressed. We recently reported that exogenous d-serine administration can suppress appetite and alter food preference. In this review, we will discuss how NMDA receptor and its co-agonist d-seine participate in the control of appetite and food preference, and elaborate on how this system could possibly be manipulated to suppress obesity.
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Ulrich-Lai YM, Christiansen AM, Wang X, Song S, Herman JP. Statistical modeling implicates neuroanatomical circuit mediating stress relief by 'comfort' food. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:3141-56. [PMID: 26246177 PMCID: PMC4744589 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A history of eating highly palatable foods reduces physiological and emotional responses to stress. For instance, we have previously shown that limited sucrose intake (4 ml of 30 % sucrose twice daily for 14 days) reduces hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to stress. However, the neural mechanisms underlying stress relief by such 'comfort' foods are unclear, and could reveal an endogenous brain pathway for stress mitigation. As such, the present work assessed the expression of several proteins related to neuronal activation and/or plasticity in multiple stress- and reward-regulatory brain regions of rats after limited sucrose (vs. water control) intake. These data were then subjected to a series of statistical analyses, including Bayesian modeling, to identify the most likely neurocircuit mediating stress relief by sucrose. The analyses suggest that sucrose reduces HPA activation by dampening an excitatory basolateral amygdala-medial amygdala circuit, while also potentiating an inhibitory bed nucleus of the stria terminalis principle subdivision-mediated circuit, resulting in reduced HPA activation after stress. Collectively, the results support the hypothesis that sucrose limits stress responses via plastic changes to the structure and function of stress-regulatory neural circuits. The work also illustrates that advanced statistical methods are useful approaches to identify potentially novel and important underlying relationships in biological datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 2170 East Galbraith Rd- ML 0506, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA.
| | - Anne M Christiansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 2170 East Galbraith Rd- ML 0506, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
| | - Seongho Song
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
| | - James P Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 2170 East Galbraith Rd- ML 0506, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
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Labouèbe G, Boutrel B, Tarussio D, Thorens B. Glucose-responsive neurons of the paraventricular thalamus control sucrose-seeking behavior. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:999-1002. [PMID: 27322418 PMCID: PMC4964931 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Feeding behavior is governed by homeostatic needs and motivational drive to obtain palatable foods. Here, we identify a population of glutamatergic neurons in the paraventricular thalamus, which express the glucose transporter Glut2 (Scl2a2) and project to the nucleus accumbens. These neurons are activated by hypoglycemia and, in freely moving mice, their activation by optogenetics or Slc2a2 inactivation increases motivated sucrose but not saccharin-seeking behavior. These neurons may control sugar overconsumption in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël Labouèbe
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Boutrel
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Tarussio
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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