1
|
Szangolies L, Gallagher CA, Jeltsch F. Intermediate Habitat Fragmentation Buffers Droughts: How Individual Energy Dynamics Mediate Mammal Community Response to Stressors. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2025; 31:e70224. [PMID: 40365963 PMCID: PMC12077070 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
Biodiversity is threatened by land-use and climate change. Although these processes are known to influence species survival and diversity, predicting their combined effects on communities remains challenging. We here aim to disentangle the combined effects of drought-induced resource shortage and habitat fragmentation on species coexistence. To understand how both fragmentation and droughts affect individual movement and physiology, and ultimately influence population and community dynamics, we use an individual-based metabolic modelling approach to simulate a community of small mammals. Individuals forage in the landscape to ingest energy, which they then allocate to basal maintenance, digestion, locomotion, growth, reproduction, and storage. If individuals of several species are able to balance their energy intake and needs, and additionally store energy as fat reserves, they may overcome stress periods and coexist. We find that species recover best after a drought when they live in moderately fragmented landscapes compared to those with low or high fragmentation. In low fragmented landscapes, high local competition during resource shortages is problematic, while in highly fragmented landscapes, low energy balance and storage often lead to high mortality during drought. Intermediately fragmented landscapes balance these effects and show the least impact of droughts on species richness, a pattern that holds also when integrating observed drought time series from monitoring data in the model simulations. Due to the interacting negative impacts, we suggest that with ongoing global change, it is increasingly important to understand stressors simultaneously to identify measures that support species coexistence and biodiversity. Including individual energy dynamics allowed us to conflate the different global change effects through energy storage and energy allocation to different processes. Our presented community model, which integrates metabolic and behavioural reactions of individuals to different stressors and scales them to the community level, offers valuable insights with great potential to support nature conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonna Szangolies
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationPotsdam UniversityPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationPotsdam UniversityPotsdamGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boor SA, Meisel JD, Kim DH. Neuroendocrine gene expression coupling of interoceptive bacterial food cues to foraging behavior of C. elegans. eLife 2024; 12:RP91120. [PMID: 38231572 PMCID: PMC10945577 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal internal state is modulated by nutrient intake, resulting in behavioral responses to changing food conditions. The neural mechanisms by which internal states are generated and maintained are not well understood. Here, we show that in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, distinct cues from bacterial food - interoceptive signals from the ingestion of bacteria and gustatory molecules sensed from nearby bacteria - act antagonistically on the expression of the neuroendocrine TGF-beta ligand DAF-7 from the ASJ pair of sensory neurons to modulate foraging behavior. A positive-feedback loop dependent on the expression of daf-7 from the ASJ neurons acts to promote transitions between roaming and dwelling foraging states and influence the persistence of roaming states. SCD-2, the C. elegans ortholog of mammalian anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which has been implicated in the central control of metabolism of mammals, functions in the AIA interneurons to regulate foraging behavior and cell-non-autonomously control the expression of DAF-7 from the ASJ neurons. Our data establish how a dynamic neuroendocrine daf-7 expression feedback loop regulated by SCD-2 functions to couple sensing and ingestion of bacterial food to foraging behavior. We further suggest that this neuroendocrine feedback loop underlies previously characterized exploratory behaviors in C. elegans. Our data suggest that the expression of daf-7 from the ASJ neurons contributes to and is correlated with an internal state of 'unmet need' that regulates exploratory foraging behavior in response to bacterial cues in diverse physiological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Boor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Joshua D Meisel
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Dennis H Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aydin BN, Stinson EJ, Cabeza De Baca T, Ando T, Travis KT, Piaggi P, Krakoff J, Chang DC. Investigation of seasonality of human spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure in respiratory chamber in Phoenix, Arizona. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:27-33. [PMID: 37833567 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The existence of seasonal changes in energy metabolism is uncertain. We investigated the relationship between the seasons and spontaneous physical activity (SPA), energy expenditure (EE), and other components measured in a respiratory chamber. METHODS Between 1985-2005, 671 healthy adults (aged 28.8 ± 7.1 years; 403 men) in Phoenix, Arizona had a 24-hour stay in the respiratory chamber equipped with radar sensors; SPA (expressed as a percentage over the time interval), the energy cost of SPA, EE, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured. RESULTS In models adjusted for known covariates, SPA (%) was lower during summer (7.2 ± 2.9, p = 0.0002), spring (7.5 ± 2.9, p = 0.025), and fall (7.6 ± 3, p = 0.038) compared to winter (8.3 ± 3.5, reference). Conversely, energy cost of SPA (kcal/h/%) was higher during summer (2.18 ± 0.83, p = 0.0008), spring (2.186 ± 0.83, p = 0.017), and fall (2.146 ± 0.75, p = 0.038) compared to winter (2.006 ± 0.76). Protein (292 ± 117 kcal/day, β = -21.2, p = 0.08) oxidation rates was lower in the summer compared to winter. Carbohydrate and lipid oxidation rates (kcal/day) did not differ across seasons. RER and 24-h EE did not differ by season. CONCLUSION SPA, representing fidgeting-like behavior in the chamber, demonstrated a winter peak and summer nadir in humans living in a desert climate. These findings indicate that the physiological propensity for movement may be affected by seasonal factors. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00340132, NCT00342732.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beyza N Aydin
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Emma J Stinson
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Tomás Cabeza De Baca
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Takafumi Ando
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katherine T Travis
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas C Chang
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng X, Chen P, Veltien A, Palavra T, In't Veld S, Grandjean J, Homberg JR. Estimating foraging behavior in rodents using a modified paradigm measuring threat imminence dynamics. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 28:100585. [PMID: 38024390 PMCID: PMC10661863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals need to respond to threats to avoid danger and approach rewards. In nature, these responses did not evolve alone but are always accompanied by motivational conflict. A semi-naturalistic threat imminence continuum model models the approach-avoidance conflict and is able to integrate multiple behaviors into a single paradigm. However, its comprehensive application is hampered by the lack of a detailed protocol and data about some fundamental factors including sex, age, and motivational level. Here, we modified a previously established paradigm measuring threat imminence continuum dynamics, involving modifications of training and testing protocols, and utilization of commercial materials combined with open science codes, making it easier to replicate. We demonstrate that foraging behavior is modulated by age, hunger level, and sex. This paradigm can be used to study foraging behaviors in animals in a more naturalistic manner with relevance to human approach-avoid conflicts and associated psychopathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianzong Meng
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andor Veltien
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tony Palavra
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors In't Veld
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boor SA, Meisel JD, Kim DH. Neuroendocrine Gene Expression Coupling of Interoceptive Bacterial Food Cues to Foraging Behavior of C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.15.549072. [PMID: 37503081 PMCID: PMC10369937 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.15.549072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal internal state is modulated by nutrient intake, resulting in behavioral responses to changing food conditions. The neural mechanisms by which internal states are generated and maintained are not well understood. Here, we show that in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, distinct cues from bacterial food - interoceptive signals from the ingestion of bacteria and gustatory molecules sensed from nearby bacteria - act antagonistically on the expression of the neuroendocrine TGF-beta ligand DAF-7 from the ASJ pair of sensory neurons to modulate foraging behavior. A positive-feedback loop dependent on the expression of daf-7 from the ASJ neurons acts to promote transitions between roaming and dwelling foraging states and influence the persistence of roaming states. SCD-2, the C. elegans ortholog of mammalian Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK), which has been implicated in the central control of metabolism of mammals, functions in the AIA interneurons to regulate foraging behavior and cell-non-autonomously control the expression of DAF-7 from the ASJ neurons. Our data establish how a dynamic neuroendocrine daf-7 expression feedback loop regulated by SCD-2 functions to couple sensing and ingestion of bacterial food to foraging behavior. We further suggest that this neuroendocrine feedback loop underlies previously characterized exploratory behaviors in C. elegans. Our data suggest that the expression of daf-7 from the ASJ neurons contributes to and is correlated with an internal state of "unmet need" that regulates exploratory foraging behavior in response to bacterial cues in diverse physiological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A. Boor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Joshua D. Meisel
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dennis H. Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruperto EF, Menéndez J, Taraborelli PA, Scattolón FO, Sassi PL. Behavioral responses of two small‐sized rodents,
Phyllotis vaccarum
and
Abrothrix andina
, to energy challenges of high‐altitude habitats in the Andes Mountains. Ethology 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Fabián Ruperto
- Ecología Integrativa de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, CCT‐Mendoza CONICET Mendoza Argentina
| | - Josefina Menéndez
- Ecología Integrativa de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, CCT‐Mendoza CONICET Mendoza Argentina
| | - Paula Andrea Taraborelli
- EEA BARROW, Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - Paola Lorena Sassi
- Ecología Integrativa de Fauna Silvestre, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas, CCT‐Mendoza CONICET Mendoza Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruperto EF, Taraborelli PA, Menéndez J, Sassi PL. Behavioral plasticity in two endemic rodents from the Andes Mountains: strategies for thermal and energetic balance. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Steckler R, Tamir S, Gutman R. Mice held at an environmental photic cycle oscillating at their tau-like period length do not show the high-fat diet-induced obesity that develops under the 24-hour photic cycle. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:598-612. [PMID: 33455455 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1869029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Circadian disruptions precede high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO). Deviation of the endogenous circadian rhythm period length (tau) from 24 hours correlates with mice inter-strain DIO under the 24-hour light-dark cycle (T-cycle). Additionally, entrainment to a tau-resembling T-cycle attenuates DIO, to some extent, in muted mice. These phenomena suggest that entrainment to a 24-hour T-cycle promotes DIO beyond that expected from the HFD-induced metabolic disruptions. However, the hypothesis that entrainment to a tau-resembling T-cycle attenuates DIO has not been tested in wild-type mice. Therefore, we examined, in newborn female FVB/N mice, whether DIO found under their 'regular' 24-hour T-cycle is attenuated under a T-cycle oscillating at their tau-resembling period of 23.7 h, which is diverted from 24 hours by only 0.3 h. Compared to mice fed a low-fat diet, those fed an HFD under the 24-hour T-cycle showed a disrupted pattern of circadian locomotor activity prior to DIO onset. Both these phenomena were absent under the tau-like T-cycle. DIO developed under the 24-hour T-cycle despite similar caloric intake, and was associated with the lower locomotor activity of HFD-fed mice compared to the other mouse groups. These results demonstrated that DIO is secondary to HFD-induced circadian disruptions that are not harmonized by the strongest Zeitgeber (light-dark cycle) when oscillating at a period that diverts by as little as ca. 0.3-h from tau. More importantly, imposing a light-dark cycle oscillating at a tau-like period length, which enhances entrainment and presumably reinforces endogenous circadian rhythms, prevented HFD-induced circadian disruptions and enabled tighter control of energy homeostasis, as manifested by the absence of DIO, even under ad-lib HFD feeding. These results support the identification of tau-related biomarkers, which may be considered as risk-factors for DIO. Moreover, these findings may promote the development of clock-related pharmaceutical interventions that will reduce the gap between tau and 24 hours, and increase the robustness of the endogenous and entrained circadian rhythms. This will enable reducing DIO, even without caloric restriction or time-restricted feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Steckler
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology (LIP), The Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Snait Tamir
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel.,Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Roee Gutman
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology (LIP), The Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel.,Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song S, Chang Y, Wang D, Jiang T, Feng J, Lin A. Chronic traffic noise increases food intake and alters gene expression associated with metabolism and disease in bats. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjing Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University Changchun China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Yang Chang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Daiping Wang
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University Changchun China
- Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun China
- College of Life Science Jilin Agricultural University Changchun China
| | - Aiqing Lin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wen J, Chi QS, Wang DH, Zhao ZJ. The responses of metabolic rate and neuropeptides to food deprivation in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) with different basal metabolic rate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:483-492. [PMID: 32314557 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High basal metabolic rate (BMR) is related to a powerful metabolic engine even under food shortage, which can lead to high levels of daily energy expenditure and requires more energy for maintenance in small mammals. To test the hypothesis that animals with different BMR levels respond differently to food shortage, we compared the changes in metabolism, morphology, and gene expression in response to food deprivation (FD) in male-striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) with low (L)- or high (H)-BMR levels. After 36 hr of FD, energy expenditure, metabolic rate (MR), mass of body composition, and leptin and agouti-related peptide gene expressions in the white adipose tissues and the hypothalamus, respectively, decreased significantly in hamsters. The energy expenditure of H-BMR hamsters was reduced more than that of L-BMR hamsters after 36 hr of FD. Furthermore, MR was significantly reduced by FD, and that of the H-BMR group decreased more than that of the L-BMR group during the daytime. Therefore, our data suggest that striped hamsters with different BMR display different responses to variations in food availability. During FD, MR in H-BMR hamsters was more flexible than that in L-BMR animals and L-BMR hamsters could not reduce their MR any lower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oranth A, Schultheis C, Tolstenkov O, Erbguth K, Nagpal J, Hain D, Brauner M, Wabnig S, Steuer Costa W, McWhirter RD, Zels S, Palumbos S, Miller III DM, Beets I, Gottschalk A. Food Sensation Modulates Locomotion by Dopamine and Neuropeptide Signaling in a Distributed Neuronal Network. Neuron 2018; 100:1414-1428.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
12
|
WEN J, TAN S, WANG D, ZHAO Z. Variation of food availability affects male striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis
) with different levels of metabolic rate. Integr Zool 2018; 13:769-782. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing WEN
- College of Life and Environmental Science; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Song TAN
- College of Life and Environmental Science; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou China
| | - Dehua WANG
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhijun ZHAO
- College of Life and Environmental Science; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nikray N, Karimi I, Siavashhaghighi Z, Becker LA, Mofatteh MM. An effort toward molecular biology of food deprivation induced food hoarding in gonadectomized NMRI mouse model: focus on neural oxidative status. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:59. [PMID: 30249177 PMCID: PMC6154416 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental uncertainty, such as food deprivation, may alter internal milieu of nervous system through various mechanisms. In combination with circumstances of stress or aging, high consumption of unsaturated fatty acids and oxygen can make neural tissues sensitive to oxidative stress (OS). For adult rats, diminished level of gonadal steroid hormones accelerates OS and may result in special behavioral manifestations. This study was aimed to partially answer the question whether OS mediates trade-off between food hoarding and food intake (fat hoarding) in environmental uncertainty (e.g., fluctuations in food resource) within gonadectomized mouse model in the presence of food deprivation-induced food hoarding behavior. Results Hoarding behavior was not uniformly expressed in all male mice that exposed to food deprivation. Extended phenotypes including hoarder and non-hoarder mice stored higher and lower amounts of food respectively as compared to that of low-hoarder mice (normal phenotype) after food deprivation. Results showed that neural oxidative status was not changed in the presence of hoarding behavior in gonadectomized mice regardless of tissue type, however, glutathione levels of brain tissues were increased in the presence of hoarding behavior. Decreased superoxide dismutase activity in brain and spinal cord tissues and increased malondialdehyde in brain tissues of gonadectomized mice were also seen. Conclusions Although, food deprivation-induced hoarding behavior is a strategic response to food shortage in mice, it did not induce the same amount of hoarding across all colony mates. Hoarding behavior, in this case, is a response to the environmental uncertainty of food shortage, therefore is not an abnormal behavior. Hoarding behavior induced neural OS with regard to an increase in brain glutathione levels but failed to show other markers of neural OS. Decreased superoxide dismutase activity in brain and spinal cord tissues and increased malondialdehyde levels in brain tissues of gonadectomized mice could be a hallmark of debilitated antioxidative defense and more lipid peroxidation due to reduced amount of gonadal steroid hormones during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Nikray
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology 1214, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Isaac Karimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology 1214, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran.
| | | | - Lora A Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN, 47722, USA
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Mofatteh
- Department of Accounting, School of Economics and Accounting, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Seasonal variation in energy expenditure in a rodent inhabiting a winter-rainfall desert. J Comp Physiol B 2018; 188:877-888. [PMID: 29948157 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-018-1168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals that spend more energy than they obtain risk entering allostatic overload, reducing survival and fitness. They are predicted to adjust their daily energy expenditure (DEE) during periods of food scarcity. Adjustments of DEE to changes in food availability have been well-studied in species in temperate zones during winter, but less so in species enduring seasonal droughts. Likely mechanisms regulating DEE involve adjustments of activity and maintenance metabolism. Species that experience seasonal droughts and changes in food availability, like the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), are appropriate model organisms to study the regulation of seasonal changes of DEE. We quantified DEE using the 'doubly labelled water' method, measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), and concomitantly determined activity levels using all-day focal observations of 69 free-living striped mice in the cold moist season with high food availability and the hot dry season with low food availability. Striped mice decreased their DEE in the food scarce dry season using multiple mechanisms, especially reductions in RMR, and reduced overall physical activity. This was further facilitated passively by reduced thermoregulatory costs. Our study demonstrates that animals reduce DEE via active and passive mechanisms in food-restricted environments, and highlights that several environmental factors should be considered simultaneously when aiming to understand how animals cope with harsh environments.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kronfeld-Schor N, Visser ME, Salis L, van Gils JA. Chronobiology of interspecific interactions in a changing world. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0248. [PMID: 28993492 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals should time activities, such as foraging, migration and reproduction, as well as seasonal physiological adaptation, in a way that maximizes fitness. The fitness outcome of such activities depends largely on their interspecific interactions; the temporal overlap with other species determines when they should be active in order to maximize their encounters with food and to minimize their encounters with predators, competitors and parasites. To cope with the constantly changing, but predictable structure of the environment, organisms have evolved internal biological clocks, which are synchronized mainly by light, the most predictable and reliable environmental cue (but which can be masked by other variables), which enable them to anticipate and prepare for predicted changes in the timing of the species they interact with, on top of responding to them directly. Here, we review examples where the internal timing system is used to predict interspecific interactions, and how these interactions affect the internal timing system and activity patterns. We then ask how plastic these mechanisms are, how this plasticity differs between and within species and how this variability in plasticity affects interspecific interactions in a changing world, in which light, the major synchronizer of the biological clock, is no longer a reliable cue owing to the rapidly changing climate, the use of artificial light and urbanization.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO 50, Wageningen 6700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Salis
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO 50, Wageningen 6700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A van Gils
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, Den Burg 1790 AB, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gilad T, Koren R, Moalem Y, Subach A, Scharf I. Effect of continuous and alternating episodes of starvation on behavior and reproduction in the red flour beetle. J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gilad
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - R. Koren
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Y. Moalem
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - A. Subach
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - I. Scharf
- School of Zoology; Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leptin resistance was involved in susceptibility to overweight in the striped hamster re-fed with high fat diet. Sci Rep 2018; 8:920. [PMID: 29343842 PMCID: PMC5772526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Food restriction (FR) is the most commonly used intervention to prevent the overweight. However, the lost weight is usually followed by “compensatory growth” when FR ends, resulting in overweight. The present study was aimed to examining the behavior patterns and hormones mechanisms underpinning the over-weight. Energy budget and body fat content, and several endocrine markers related to leptin signals were examined in the striped hamsters under 20% FR refed by either low-fat diet (LF group) or high-fat diet (HF group). Body mass and fat content significantly regained when FR ended, and the hamsters in HF group showed 49.1% more body fat than in LF group (P < 0.01). Digestive energy intake was higher by 20.1% in HF than LF group, while metabolic thermogenesis and behavior patterns did not differed between the two groups. Gene expression of leptin receptor and anorexigenic peptides of pro-opiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in hypothalamus were significantly up-regulated in LF group, but down-regulated in HF group. It suggests that effective leptin signals to the brain were involved in attenuation of hyperphagia in hamsters refed with LF. However, “leptin resistance” probably occurred in hamsters refed with HF, which impaired the control of hyperphagia, resulting in development of over-weight.
Collapse
|
18
|
WEN J, TAN S, QIAO Q, SHI L, HUANG Y, ZHAO Z. Strategies of behavior, energetic and thermogenesis of striped hamsters in response to food deprivation. Integr Zool 2018; 13:70-83. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing WEN
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Song TAN
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Qinggang QIAO
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Lulu SHI
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Yixin HUANG
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Zhijun ZHAO
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou University Wenzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Przybylska AS, Boratyński JS, Wojciechowski MS, Jefimow M. Specialist-generalist model of body temperature regulation can be applied at the intraspecific level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:2380-2386. [PMID: 28432150 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.160150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
According to theoretical predictions, endothermic homeotherms can be classified as either thermal specialists or thermal generalists. In high cost environments, thermal specialists are supposed to be more prone to using facultative heterothermy than generalists. We tested this hypothesis at the intraspecific level using male laboratory mice (C57BL/cmdb) fasted under different thermal conditions (20 and 10°C) and for different time periods (12-48 h). We predicted that variability of body temperature (Tb) and time spent with Tb below normothermy would increase with the increase of environmental demands (duration of fasting and cold). To verify the above prediction, we measured Tb and energy expenditure of fasted mice. We did not record torpor bouts but we found that variations in Tb and time spent in hypothermia increased with environmental demands. In response to fasting, mice also decreased their energy expenditure. Moreover, animals that showed more precise thermoregulation when fed had more variable Tb when fasted. We postulate that the prediction of the thermoregulatory generalist-specialist trade-off can be applied at the intraspecific level, offering a valid tool for identifying mechanistic explanations of the differences in animal responses to variations in energy supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Przybylska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jan S Boratyński
- Department of Animal Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.,Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Jefimow
- Department of Animal Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jäger J, Schradin C, Pillay N, Rimbach R. Active and explorative individuals are often restless and excluded from studies measuring resting metabolic rate: Do alternative metabolic rate measures offer a solution? Physiol Behav 2017; 174:57-66. [PMID: 28283463 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It has often been proposed that bolder, more explorative or more active individuals also have a higher resting metabolic rate (RMR), indicating metabolic costs of these personality types. However, such individuals might often be restless and thus excluded from RMR datasets, leading to a significant sampling bias. We tested (1) whether such a bias occurs when animals are measured for a relatively common but short time period of 3h, and if so, (2) whether alternative measures of metabolic rate, that allow the incorporation of non-resting individuals, would reveal associations between metabolism and personality. For this, we studied free-living individuals of the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) both during the moist season (N=25 individuals) with high food availability and the dry season (N=48 individuals) with low food availability. We assessed variation in the latency to explore a novel object, and the time spent active and time spent in the centre of a neutral arena. We examined links between personality and (i) RMR and (ii) four alternative metabolic rate (MR) metrics: average MR, highest MR, lowest MR and span of MR. Twenty-nine percent of the measured individuals had to be excluded from our RMR study because they remained restless during respirometry trials. Striped mice showed a behavioural syndrome where fast explorers also spent more time in centre and more time active than slow explorers. Individuals that did not rest during respirometry trials were faster explorers and in the moist season, they were also more active and spent more time in the centre than individuals that rested. We found no relationship between RMR and the behavioural syndrome, which might be due to the exclusion of individuals with a certain behavioural type, leaving a subset of compliant individuals. In the moist season, we found positive relationships between the behavioural syndrome and span of MR and lowest MR. In the dry season, low food availability may mask links between the behavioural syndrome and alternative MR measures due to reduced overall activity in striped mice. Our study demonstrated the importance to consider personality when measuring RMR and suggests that some alternative MRs may be useful to examine relationships between metabolism and personality when it is impossible to measure individuals over extended time periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Jäger
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carsten Schradin
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; IPHC, UNISTRA, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Neville Pillay
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rebecca Rimbach
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prolonged food restriction decreases body condition and reduces repeatability in personality traits in web-building spiders. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
23
|
Rysava K, McGill RAR, Matthiopoulos J, Hopcraft JGC. Re-constructing nutritional history of Serengeti wildebeest from stable isotopes in tail hair: seasonal starvation patterns in an obligate grazer. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1461-1468. [PMID: 27321833 PMCID: PMC5089620 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nutritional bottlenecks often limit the abundance of animal populations and alter individual behaviours; however, establishing animal condition over extended periods of time using non-invasive techniques has been a major limitation in population ecology. We test if the sequential measurement of δ(15) N values in a continually growing tissue, such as hair, can be used as a natural bio-logger akin to tree rings or ice cores to provide insights into nutritional stress. METHODS Nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured by continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) from 20 sequential segments along the tail hairs of 15 migratory wildebeest. Generalized Linear Models were used to test for variation between concurrent segments of hair from the same individual, and to compare the δ(15) N values of starved and non-starved animals. Correlations between δ(15) N values in the hair and periods of above-average energy demand during the annual cycle were tested using Generalized Additive Mixed Models. RESULTS The time series of nitrogen isotope ratios in the tail hair are comparable between strands from the same individual. The most likely explanation for the pattern of (15) N enrichment between individuals is determined by life phase, and especially the energetic demands associated with reproduction. The mean δ(15) N value of starved animals was greater than that of non-starved animals, suggesting that higher δ(15) N values correlate with periods of nutritional stress. CONCLUSIONS High δ(15) N values in the tail hair of wildebeest are correlated with periods of negative energy balance, suggesting they may be used as a reliable indicator of the animal's nutritional history. This technique might be applicable to other obligate grazers. Most importantly, the sequential isotopic analysis of hair offers a continuous record of the chronic condition of wildebeest (effectively converting point data into time series) and allows researchers to establish the animal's nutritional diary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Rysava
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - R. A. R. McGill
- NERC Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry FacilityScottish Universities Environmental Research CentreEast KilbrideGlasgowG75 0QFUK
| | - J. Matthiopoulos
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - J. G. C. Hopcraft
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schloesser A, Campbell G, Glüer CC, Rimbach G, Huebbe P. Restriction on an energy-dense diet improves markers of metabolic health and cellular aging in mice through decreasing hepatic mTOR activity. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:30-9. [PMID: 25405871 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) on a normal low-fat diet improves metabolic health and may prolong life span. However, it is still uncertain whether restriction of an energy-dense, high-fat diet would also be beneficial and mitigate age-related processes. In the present study, we determined biomarkers of metabolic health, energy metabolism, and cellular aging in obesity-prone mice subjected to 30% DR on a high-fat diet for 6 months. Dietary-restricted mice had significantly lower body weights, less adipose tissue, lower energy expenditure, and altered substrate oxidation compared to their ad libitum-fed counterparts. Hepatic major urinary proteins (Mup) expression, which is linked to glucose and energy metabolism, and biomarkers of metabolic health, including insulin, glucose, cholesterol, and leptin/adiponectin ratio, were likewise reduced in high-fat, dietary-restricted mice. Hallmarks of cellular senescence such as Lamp2a and Hsc70 that mediate chaperone-mediated autophagy were induced and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling mitigated upon high-fat DR. In contrast to DR applied in low-fat diets, anti-oxidant gene expression, proteasome activity, as well as 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation were not changed, suggesting that high-fat DR may attenuate some processes associated with cellular aging without the induction of cellular stress response or energy deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schloesser
- 1 Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel , Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao WR, Zhu WL, Ye FY, Zuo ML, Wang ZK. Plasticity in food intake, thermogenesis and body mass in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) is affected by food restriction and refeeding. ANIM BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-00002498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Physiological adjustments are important strategies for small mammals in response to variation in food availability. To determine the physiological mechanisms affected by food restriction and refeeding, tree shrews were restricted to 85% of initial food intake for 4 weeks and refedad libitumfor another 4 weeks. Changes in food intake, body mass, thermogenesis, body composition, mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase activity, uncoupling protein-1 content in brown adipose tissue and serum leptin levels were measured. The results showed that body mass, body fat mass and serum leptin levels significantly decreased in food restricted tree shrews, and increased when the restriction ended, showing a short “compensatory growth” rather than over-weight or obesity compared withad libitumcontrols. Resting metabolic rate, non-shivering thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue mass (mg), and uncoupling protein-1 content decreased significantly in response to food restriction, and returned to the control levels after the animals were refedad libitum, while the brown adipose tissue mass (%) and cytochromecoxidase activity remained stable during food restriction and refeeding. Food intake increased shortly after refeeding, which perhaps contributed to the rapid regaining of body mass. These results suggest thatTupaia belangerican adjust the status of its physiology integratively to cope with the lack of food by means of decreasing body mass, thermogenesis and serum leptin levels. Leptin may act as a starvation signal to predominantly mediate the reduction in body mass and energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-rong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- School of Energy and Environmental Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wan-long Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang-yan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mu-lin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zheng-kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of University in Yunnan Province, School of Life Science of Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Besson AA, Lagisz M, Senior AM, Hector KL, Nakagawa S. Effect of maternal diet on offspring coping styles in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:1065-1080. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne A. Besson
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Biological Science Building; University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 New South Wales Australia
| | - Alistair M. Senior
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney; Johns Hopkins Drive, Sydney 2009 New South Wales Australia
| | - Katie L. Hector
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Biological Science Building; University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao ZJ, Chi QS, Zhao L, Zhu QX, Cao J, Wang DH. Effect of food restriction on energy budget in warm-acclimated striped hamsters. Physiol Behav 2015; 147:220-6. [PMID: 25936822 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of small mammals to sustain periods of food shortage largely depends on the adaptive regulation of energy budget in response to the decrease in food supply. In addition to food availability, ambient temperature (Ta) is an important factor affecting the rates of both energy intake and expenditure. To examine the effect of Ta on energy strategy and the capacity to sustain food shortage, striped hamsters were exposed to a warm condition (30°C) and were then restricted to 70% of ad libitum food intake. Body mass, energy intake and expenditure and physiological markers indicative of thermogenesis were measured. Warm exposure had no effect on body mass and digestibility, but decreased energy intake, basal metabolic rate and maximum nonshivering thermogenesis. The mitochondria protein content, cytochrome c oxidase activity and uncoupling protein 1 level of brown adipose tissue were significantly lower in hamsters at 30°C than at 21°C. Food restriction induced a significant decrease in body mass, but the decreased body mass was attenuated at 30°C relative to 21°C. This suggests that striped hamsters could not compensate for the limited food supply by decreasing daily energy expenditure at 21°C, whereas they could at 30°C. The significant reductions in the rates of metabolism and thermogenesis in warm-acclimated hamsters increase the capacity to cope with food shortage. Although, it remains uncertain whether this response represents some generalized evolutionary adaptation, the Ta-dependent adjustment in the capacity to survive food restriction may reflect that warm acclimation plays an important role in adaptive regulation of both physiology and behavior in response to the variations of food availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Qiao-Xia Zhu
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Jing Cao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vuarin P, Henry PY. Field evidence for a proximate role of food shortage in the regulation of hibernation and daily torpor: a review. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:683-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
29
|
Zhao ZJ, Chen KX, Liu YA, Wang CM, Cao J. Decreased circulating leptin and increased neuropeptide Y gene expression are implicated in food deprivation-induced hyperactivity in striped hamsters, Cricetulus barabensis. Horm Behav 2014; 65:355-62. [PMID: 24631583 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Physiological and behavioral adjustments of small mammals are important strategies in response to variations in food availability. Although numerous of studies have been carried out in rodents, behavioral patterns in response to food deprivation and re-feeding (FD-RF) are still inconsistent. Here we examined effects of a 24h FD followed by RF on general activity, serum leptin concentrations and gene expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) with/without leptin supplements. The time spent on activity was increased by 2.5 fold in FD hamsters compared with controls fed ad libitum (P<0.01). Body mass, fat mass as well as serum leptin concentrations were significantly decreased in FD hamsters in comparison with ad libitum controls, which were in parallel with hyperactivity. During re-feeding, leptin concentrations increased rapidly to pre-deprivation levels by 12h, but locomotor activity decreased gradually and did not return to pre-deprivation levels until 5days after re-feeding. Leptin administration to FD hamsters significantly attenuated the increased activity. Gene expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) was upregulated in FD hamsters and fell down to control levels when hamsters were re-fed ad libitum, similar to that observed in activity behavior. Leptin supplement induced increases in serum leptin concentrations (184.1%, P<0.05) in FD hamsters and simultaneously attenuated the increase in activity (45.8%, P<0.05) and NPY gene expression (35%, P<0.05). This may allow us to draw a more generalized conclusion that decreased leptin concentrations function as a starvation signal in animals under food shortage; to induce an increase in activity levels, leading animals to forage and/or migrate, and consequently increasing the chance of survival. Decreased concentrations of serum leptin in animals subjected to food shortage may induce an upregulation of gene expression of hypothalamus NPY, consequently driving a significant increase in foraging behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China.
| | - Ke-Xin Chen
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Yong-An Liu
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Chun-Ming Wang
- School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China; School of Agricultural Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kronfeld-Schor N, Dayan T. Thermal Ecology, Environments, Communities, and Global Change: Energy Intake and Expenditure in Endotherms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To survive, animals must maintain a balance between energy acquisition (foraging) and energy expenditure. This challenge is particularly great for endotherm vertebrates that require high amounts of energy to maintain homeothermy. Many of these endotherms use hibernation or daily torpor as a mechanism to reduce energy expenditure during anticipated or stochastic periods of stress. Although ecological researchers have focused extensively on energy acquisition, physiologists have largely studied thermal ecology and the mechanisms allowing endotherms to regulate energy expenditure, with little research explicitly linking ecology and thermal biology. Nevertheless, theoretical considerations and research conducted so far point to a significant ecological role for torpor in endotherms. Moreover, global-change challenges facing vertebrate endotherms are also considered in view of their ability to regulate their energy expenditure. We review the thermal ecology of endothermic vertebrates and some of its ecological and evolutionary implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamar Dayan
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Slow growth improves compensation ability: examining growth rate and starvation endurance in pit-building antlions from semi-arid and hyper-arid regions. Evol Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-013-9644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Zhao ZJ, Zhu QX, Chen KX, Wang YK, Cao J. Energy budget, behavior and leptin in striped hamsters subjected to food restriction and refeeding. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54244. [PMID: 23372694 PMCID: PMC3553171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Food restriction induces a loss of body mass that is often followed by rapid regaining of the lost weight when the restriction ends, consequently increasing a risk of development of obesity. To determine the physiological and behavioral mechanisms underlining the regaining, striped hamsters were restricted to 85% of initial food intake for 4 weeks and refed ad libitum for another 4 weeks. Changes in body mass, energy budget, activity, body composition and serum leptin level were measured. Body mass, body fat mass and serum leptin level significantly decreased in food-restricted hamsters, and increased when the restriction ended, showing a short “compensatory growth” rather than over-weight or obesity compared with ad libitum controls. During restriction, the time spent on activity increased significantly, which was opposite to the changes in serum leptin level. Food intake increased shortly during refeeding, which perhaps contributed to the rapid regaining of body mass. No correlation was observed between serum leptin and energy intake, while negative correlations were found in hamsters that were refed for 7 and 28 days. Exogenous leptin significantly decreased the time spent on activity during food restriction and attenuated the increase in food intake during refeeding. This suggests that low leptin in restricted animals may function as a starvation signal to induce an increase in activity behavior, and high leptin likely serves as a satiety signal to prevent activity during refeeding. Leptin may play a crucial role in controlling food intake when the restriction ends, and consequently preventing overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
That’s hot: golden spiny mice display torpor even at high ambient temperatures. J Comp Physiol B 2012; 183:567-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
34
|
Multi-axis niche examination of ecological specialization: responses to heat, desiccation and starvation stress in two species of pit-building antlions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50884. [PMID: 23209835 PMCID: PMC3509095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical ecological studies discussing specialization usually focus on species' performance along one niche axis. This approach may overlook niche differentiation evident in another dimension which could explain species co-occurrence. The present research exemplifies a comprehensive approach to examining local adaptation. Specifically, we examined multiple niche axes by subjecting a model organism to various experimental conditions to monitor responses to extreme stress associated with heat, desiccation and starvation. Our model system comprised two pit-building antlions: the habitat generalist Myrmeleon hyalinus and the habitat specialist Cueta lineosa. Previous research has shown that the foraging performance of the generalist is better than that of the specialist, even in the latter's characteristic habitat. We illustrate that this apparent superiority of the habitat generalist does not manifest itself along other niche axes; rather, the habitat specialist holds a set of traits that provide an advantage under harsh environmental conditions. Specifically, C. lineosa has an advantage over M. hyalinus at high temperatures, exhibiting a higher survival rate and improved foraging success (i.e., high-temperature specialist). C. lineosa is also more efficient in its energy budget, losing less mass during starvation and gaining mass more efficiently during feeding. This superior efficiency is a result of physiological adaptations as well as behavioural responses to harsh conditions. In conclusion, our results imply that the habitat specialization of C. lineosa has not led it towards an evolutionary dead-end.
Collapse
|
35
|
Levy O, Dayan T, Rotics S, Kronfeld-Schor N. Foraging sequence, energy intake and torpor: an individual-based field study of energy balancing in desert golden spiny mice. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:1240-1248. [PMID: 22906198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the relationship between sequence of foraging, energy acquired and use of torpor as an energy-balancing strategy in diurnally active desert golden spiny mice. We hypothesised that individuals that arrive earlier to forage will get higher returns and consequently spend less time torpid. If that is the case, then early foragers can be viewed as more successful; if the same individuals arrive repeatedly early, they are likely to have higher fitness under conditions of resource limitation. For the first time, we show a relationship between foraging sequence and amount of resources removed, with individuals that arrive later to a foraging patch tending to receive lower energetic returns and to spend more time torpid. Torpor bears not only benefits but also significant costs, so these individuals pay a price both in lower energy intake and in extended periods of torpor, in what may well be a positive feedback loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Levy
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Tamar Dayan
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Shay Rotics
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Levy O, Dayan T, Kronfeld-Schor N, Porter WP. Biophysical Modeling of the Temporal Niche: From First Principles to the Evolution of Activity Patterns. Am Nat 2012; 179:794-804. [DOI: 10.1086/665645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
37
|
Sherman H, Frumin I, Gutman R, Chapnik N, Lorentz A, Meylan J, le Coutre J, Froy O. Long-term restricted feeding alters circadian expression and reduces the level of inflammatory and disease markers. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:2745-59. [PMID: 20731750 PMCID: PMC4373423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock in peripheral tissues can be entrained by restricted feeding (RF), a regimen that restricts the duration of food availability with no calorie restriction (CR). However, it is not known whether RF can delay the occurrence of age-associated changes similar to CR. We measured circadian expression of clock genes, disease marker genes, metabolic factors and inflammatory and allergy markers in mouse serum, liver, jejunum and white adipose tissue (WAT) after long-term RF of 4 months. We found that circadian rhythmicity is more robust and is phase advanced in most of the genes and proteins tested under RF. In addition, average daily levels of some disease and inflammatory markers were reduced under RF, including liver Il-6 mRNA, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) protein; jejunum Arginase, Afp, Gadd45β, Il-1α and Il-1β mRNA, and interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF-α protein and WAT Il-6, Il-1β, Tnfα and Nfκb mRNA. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il-10 mRNA increased in the liver and jejunum. Our results suggest that RF may share some benefits with those of CR. As RF is a less harsh regimen to follow than CR, the data suggest it could be proposed for individuals seeking to improve their health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Sherman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Idan Frumin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Roee Gutman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Axel Lorentz
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of HohenheimStuttgart, Germany
| | - Jenny Meylan
- Nestlé Research CenterVers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes le Coutre
- Nestlé Research CenterVers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
- The University of Tokyo, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research ProjectsYayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oren Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang XY, Yang HD, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Wang DH. Increased feeding and food hoarding following food deprivation are associated with activation of dopamine and orexin neurons in male Brandt's voles. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26408. [PMID: 22046281 PMCID: PMC3203142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small mammals usually face energetic challenges, such as food shortage, in the field. They have thus evolved species-specific adaptive strategies for survival and reproductive success. In the present study, we examined male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) for their physiological, behavioral, and neuronal responses to food deprivation (FD) and subsequent re-feeding. Although 48 hr FD induced a decrease in body weight and the resting metabolic rate (RMR), such decreases did not reach statistical significance when compared to the control males that did not experience FD. During the first 2 hr of re-feeding following 48 hr FD, voles showed higher levels of feeding than controls. However, when permitted to hoard food, FD voles showed an increase in food hoarding, rather than feeding, compared to the controls. Further, both feeding and food hoarding induced an increase in neuronal activation, measured by Fos-ir, in a large number of brain areas examined. Interestingly, feeding and food hoarding also induced an increase in the percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) cells that co-expressed Fos-ir in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), whereas both FD and feeding induced an increase in the percentage of orexin-ir cells that co-expressed Fos-ir in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Food hoarding also increased orexin-ir/Fos-ir labeling in the LH. Together, our data indicate that food-deprived male Brandt's voles display enhanced feeding or food hoarding dependent upon an environmental setting. In addition, changes in central dopamine and orexin activities in selected brain areas are associated with feeding and hoarding behaviors following FD and subsequent re-feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Di Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang LN, Mitchell SE, Hambly C, Morgan DG, Clapham JC, Speakman JR. Physiological and behavioral responses to intermittent starvation in C57BL/6J mice. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:376-87. [PMID: 21907222 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The dual intervention point model states that body mass is controlled by upper and lower intervention points, above and below which animals (and humans) intervene physiologically to bring their body mass back into the acceptable range. It has been further suggested that the lower intervention point may be defined by the risk of starvation, while the upper intervention point may be defined by the risk of predation. The objective of the present study was to test whether the risk of starvation determines the lower intervention point and to examine the physiological and behavioral mechanisms that underpin the regulation of body mass, when the risk of starvation is increased. Sixty-four mice were exposed to random days of complete fasting or 50% food restriction and their body mass and fat mass responses were measured. Food intake, physical activity and body temperature were measured throughout the experiment. In addition, plasma leptin and insulin, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids, along with hypothalamic neuropeptides gene expression in the arcuate nucleus were assessed after 13 and 42 days of treatment. We found that C57BL/6J mice increased body mass and fatness in response to a short-term (13 days) intermittent fasting, which was restored to baseline as the treatment was prolonged. In contrast, intermittently 50% food restricted mice showed no significant changes in body mass or fatness. Over the first 13 days of treatment the data were consistent with the dual intervention point model as the mice showed both increased body mass and adiposity over this period. Over the more protracted period of 42 days the effect waned and was therefore inconsistent with the model. The body mass and fat mass gains in intermittently fasted mice were mainly accounted for by increased food intake. Elevated NPY gene expression after 13 days (three 24 h fasting events) may have driven the increase in food intake. However, no changes were observed in such neuropeptides as POMC, CART, AgRP, Ob-Rb and SOCS 3 or circulating levels of leptin, insulin, NEFA and TG. Hypothermia during fasting days may have also contributed to the increase in body mass. Over 42 days of treatment (nine 24 h fasting events) cumulative food intake was not affected by intermittent starvation. However physical activity, mainly activity during the light phase was lowered suggesting an adaptation to unpredictable starvation. Overall, mice exhibited different behavioral and physiological responses to intermittent starvation depending on the duration of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kronfeld-Schor N, Einat H. Circadian rhythms and depression: human psychopathology and animal models. Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:101-14. [PMID: 21871466 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms (including humans) developed daily rhythms in almost every aspect of their body. It is not surprising that rhythms are also related to affect in health and disease. In the present review we present data that demonstrate the evidence for significant interactions between circadian rhythms and affect from both human studies and animal models research. A number of lines of evidence obtained from human and from animal models research clearly demonstrate relationships between depression and circadian rhythms including (1) daily patterns of depression; (2) seasonal affective disorder; (3) connections between circadian clock genes and depression; (4) relationship between sleep disorders and depression; (5) the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation; (6) the antidepressant effect of bright light exposure; and (7) the effects of antidepressant drugs on sleep and circadian rhythms. The integration of data suggests that the relationships between the circadian system and depression are well established but the underlying biology of the interactions is far from being understood. We suggest that an important factor hindering research into the underlying mechanisms is the lack of good animal models and we propose that additional efforts in that area should be made. One step in that direction could be the attempt to develop models utilizing diurnal animals which might have a better homology to humans with regard to their circadian rhythms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Anxiety and Depression'.
Collapse
|
41
|
Long-lived mice exhibit 24h locomotor circadian rhythms at young and old age. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:606-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
42
|
Lovegrove BG. The evolution of endothermy in Cenozoic mammals: a plesiomorphic-apomorphic continuum. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2011; 87:128-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
43
|
Caffeine alters circadian rhythms and expression of disease and metabolic markers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:829-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
44
|
Sherman H, Gutman R, Chapnik N, Meylan J, le Coutre J, Froy O. All-trans retinoic acid modifies the expression of clock and disease marker genes. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:209-17. [PMID: 21497500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Restricted feeding (RF), a regimen that restricts the duration of food availability with no calorie restriction, entrains the circadian clock in peripheral tissues. Restricted feeding leads to high-amplitude circadian rhythms, which have been shown to promote wellness and reduce disease and inflammatory markers. Retinoids, such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), act as anti-inflammatory agents. Thus far, the effect of ATRA combined with RF on the ability to delay the occurrence of age-associated changes, such as cancer and inflammation, is not known. We measured circadian expression of clock genes, disease marker genes and inflammatory markers in the serum, liver and jejunum in mice fed ad libitum (AL) or RF supplemented with 15 or 250 μg/kg body/day ATRA for 16 weeks. Our results show that ATRA supplementation led to phase shifts and reduced amplitudes in clock genes. Under AL, ATRA reduced the average daily messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of some disease markers, such as liver Afp and jejunum Afp, Alt and Gadd45β and aspartate transaminase (AST) protein in the serum, but increased the expression level of liver Crp mRNA. Under RF, ATRA reduced the average daily levels of jejunum Alt and Gadd45β and AST protein in the serum, but increased liver Afp, Alt, Gadd45β and Arginase mRNA. Altogether, our findings suggest that ATRA strongly affects circadian oscillation and disease marker levels. Moreover, its impact is different depending on the feeding regimen (AL or RF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Sherman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Levy O, Dayan T, Kronfeld-Schor N. Adaptive Thermoregulation in Golden Spiny Mice: The Influence of Season and Food Availability on Body Temperature. Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:175-84. [DOI: 10.1086/658171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
46
|
Canale CI, Perret M, Théry M, Henry PY. Physiological flexibility and acclimation to food shortage in a heterothermic primate. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:551-60. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.046987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
As ecosystems undergo changes worldwide, physiological flexibility is likely to be an important adaptive response to increased climate instability. Extreme weather fluctuations impose energetical constraints such as unpredictable food shortage. We tested how grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) could adjust their daily heterothermy and locomotor activity to these ‘energetic accidents’ with a food restriction experiment. The experimental design consisted of acute calorie restriction (2 weeks, 80% restriction) in the middle of winter, after a fattening season with low (11 weeks, 40% restriction) versus high (ad libitum) food availability. This design aimed at simulating the combined effects of the quality of the fattening season (acclimation effect) and a sudden, severe food shortage during the lean season. Hour of start and duration of torpor were the most flexible components of energy savings, increasing in response to the acute food shortage with facilitation by chronic restriction (acclimation effect). Modulations of locomotor activity did not support the hypothesis of energy savings, as total locomotor activity was not reduced. Nonetheless, acutely restricted individuals modified their temporal pattern of locomotor activity according to former food availability. We provide the first experimental evidence of different temporal levels of flexibility of energy-saving mechanisms in a heterotherm exposed to food shortage. The acclimation effect of past food scarcity suggests that heterothermic organisms are better able to respond to unpredicted food scarcity during the lean season. The flexible control of energy expenditure conferred by heterothermy may facilitate the plastic response of heterothermic species to more frequent climatic hazards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy I. Canale
- UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
| | - Martine Perret
- UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
| | - Marc Théry
- UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Henry
- UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cameron KM, Speakman JR. Reduction of dietary energy density reduces body mass regain following energy restriction in female mice. J Nutr 2011; 141:182-8. [PMID: 21169228 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.129056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction of energy intake induces a loss of body mass that is often regained when the restriction ends. We aimed to determine whether dietary energy density (independent of macronutrient composition) modulates postrestriction regain of body mass. Fifteen female mice consumed ad libitum a standard rodent diet (with 20% added cellulose). They were then subjected to a 20% energy restriction on this diet for 10 d. Following restriction, mice consumed ad libitum the same diet with either 0 or 40% added cellulose. The study utilized a crossover design so all mice consumed both diets. Body temperature, physical activity, and digestibility were all lower when consuming the 40% cellulose diet (P < 0.001). Mice regained less mass (9%) when consuming the 40% than the 0% cellulose diet, because net energy intake was reduced by 26% (P < 0.001), despite having a greater gross energy intake (P < 0.001) (29%). To test whether there might be a constraint on intake and digestibility of the 40% cellulose diet, 20 different female mice consumed this diet at room temperature and were then transferred to the cold (7°C) to determine whether they would increase intake of this diet in response to increased energy demands. It took up to 5 d after transfer for body mass, food intake, and digestibility to increase. This suggests a digestion constraint might have limited intake of the low-energy density diet immediately following restriction. Modulation of dietary energy density in the postrestriction phase may be a valuable strategy for maintaining mass loss achieved on energy-restricted diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M Cameron
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Warnecke L, Schleucher E, Geiser F. Basking behaviour in relation to energy use and food availability in one of the smallest marsupials. Physiol Behav 2010; 101:389-93. [PMID: 20637789 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although several mammals have been observed to bask in the sun, little is known about this behaviour or its energetic consequences. We investigated the importance of basking behaviour for one of the smallest marsupials, Planigale gilesi (9g). Metabolic rates of captive planigales (n=6) exposed to simulated natural conditions with access to a radiant heat source were measured. Basking behaviour as a function of food availability was quantified using a video camera installed within the planigales' home cages (n=7). All planigales basked during respirometry measurements, reducing resting energy expenditure by 58% at an ambient temperature of 15 degrees C, which reflects conditions in their nesting sites in the wild during winter. Basking behaviour in home cages was displayed by all but one planigale; food withdrawal either triggered basking or it caused a significant increase in basking duration. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of basking for reducing energy expenditure in one of the smallest marsupials, supporting recent findings on the importance of behavioural thermoregulation in small mammals in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Warnecke
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Interactions between light, mealtime and calorie restriction to control daily timing in mammals. J Comp Physiol B 2010; 180:631-44. [PMID: 20174808 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-010-0451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Daily variations in behaviour and physiology are controlled by a circadian timing system consisting of a network of oscillatory structures. In mammals, a master clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, adjusts timing of other self-sustained oscillators in the brain and peripheral organs. Synchronisation to external cues is mainly achieved by ambient light, which resets the SCN clock. Other environmental factors, in particular food availability and time of feeding, also influence internal timing. Timed feeding can reset the phase of the peripheral oscillators whilst having almost no effect in shifting the phase of the SCN clockwork when animals are exposed (synchronised) to a light-dark cycle. Food deprivation and calorie restriction lead not only to loss of body mass (>15%) and increased motor activity, but also affect the timing of daily activity, nocturnal animals becoming partially diurnal (i.e. they are active during their usual sleep period). This change in behavioural timing is due in part to the fact that metabolic cues associated with calorie restriction affect the SCN clock and its synchronisation to light.
Collapse
|
50
|
Levy O, Dayan T, Kronfeld-Schor N. The Relationship between the Golden Spiny Mouse Circadian System and Its Diurnal Activity: An Experimental Field Enclosures and Laboratory Study. Chronobiol Int 2009; 24:599-613. [PMID: 17701675 DOI: 10.1080/07420520701534640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Examples of animals that switch activity times between nocturnality and diurnality in nature are relatively infrequent. Furthermore, the mechanism for switching activity time is not clear: does a complete inversion of the circadian system occur in conjunction with activity pattern? Are there switching centers downstream from the internal clock that interpret the clock differently? Or does the switch reflect a masking effect? Answering these key questions may shed light on the mechanisms regulating activity patterns and their evolution. The golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus) can switch between nocturnal and diurnal activity. This study investigated the relationship between its internal circadian clock and its diurnal activity pattern observed in the field. The goal is to understand the mechanisms underlying species rhythm shifts in order to gain insight into the evolution of activity patterns. All golden spiny mice had opposite activity patterns in the field than those under controlled continuous dark conditions in the laboratory. Activity and body temperature patterns in the field were diurnal, while in the laboratory all individuals immediately showed a free-running rhythm starting with a nocturnal pattern. No phase transients were found toward the preferred nocturnal activity pattern, as would be expected in the case of true entrainment. Moreover, the fact that the free-running activity patterns began from the individuals' subjective night suggests that golden spiny mice are nocturnal and that their diurnality in their natural habitat in the field results from a change that is downstream to the internal clock or reflects a masking effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Levy
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|