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Butzin-Dozier Z, Mertens AN, Tan ST, Granger DA, Pitchik HO, Il'yasova D, Tofail F, Rahman MZ, Spasojevic I, Shalev I, Ali S, Karim MR, Shahriar S, Famida SL, Shuman G, Shoab AK, Akther S, Hossen MS, Mutsuddi P, Rahman M, Unicomb L, Das KK, Yan L, Meyer A, Stewart CP, Hubbard AE, Naved RT, Parvin K, Mamun MMA, Luby SP, Colford JM, Fernald LCH, Lin A. Stress biomarkers and child development in young children in Bangladesh. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107023. [PMID: 38522372 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of millions of children in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to chronic stressors, such as poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene, and sub-optimal nutrition. These stressors can have physiological consequences for children and may ultimately have detrimental effects on child development. This study explores associations between biological measures of chronic stress in early life and developmental outcomes in a large cohort of young children living in rural Bangladesh. METHODS We assessed physiologic measures of stress in the first two years of life using measures of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (salivary cortisol and glucocorticoid receptor gene methylation), the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system (salivary alpha-amylase, heart rate, and blood pressure), and oxidative status (F2-isoprostanes). We assessed child development in the first two years of life with the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), the WHO gross motor milestones, and the Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire (EASQ). We compared development outcomes of children at the 75th and 25th percentiles of stress biomarker distributions while adjusting for potential confounders using generalized additive models, which are statistical models where the outcome is predicted by a potentially non-linear function of predictor variables. RESULTS We analyzed data from 684 children (49% female) at both 14 and 28 months of age; we included an additional 765 children at 28 months of age. We detected a significant relationship between HPA axis activity and child development, where increased HPA axis activity was associated with poor development outcomes. Specifically, we found that cortisol reactivity (coefficient -0.15, 95% CI (-0.29, -0.01)) and post-stressor levels (coefficient -0.12, 95% CI (-0.24, -0.01)) were associated with CDI comprehension score, post-stressor cortisol was associated with combined EASQ score (coefficient -0.22, 95% CI (-0.41, -0.04), and overall glucocorticoid receptor methylation was associated with CDI expression score (coefficient -0.09, 95% CI (-0.17, -0.01)). We did not detect a significant relationship between SAM activity or oxidative status and child development. CONCLUSIONS Our observations reveal associations between the physiological evidence of stress in the HPA axis with developmental status in early childhood. These findings add to the existing evidence exploring the developmental consequences of early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew N Mertens
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sophia T Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen O Pitchik
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Fahmida Tofail
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ziaur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Shahjahan Ali
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sunny Shahriar
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Gabrielle Shuman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Abul K Shoab
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Akther
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saheen Hossen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Palash Mutsuddi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Leanne Unicomb
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kishor K Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Alan E Hubbard
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Kausar Parvin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Stephen P Luby
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John M Colford
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lia C H Fernald
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Audrie Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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López-Juan AL, Millán-Santiago J, Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Coupling Miniaturized Stir Bar Sorptive Dispersive Microextraction to Needle-Based Electrospray Ionization Emitters for Mass Spectrometry: Determination of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Saliva as a Proof of Concept. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38743697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Direct coupling of sample preparation with mass spectrometry (MS) can speed up analysis, enabling faster decision-making. In such combinations, where the analysis time is mainly defined by the extraction procedure, magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction emerges as a relevant technique because of its rapid workflow. The dispersion and retrieval of the magnetic sorbent are typically uncoupled stages, thus reducing the potential simplicity. Stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction (SBSDME) is a novel technique that integrates both stages into a single device. Its miniaturization (mSBSDME) makes it more portable and compatible with low-availability samples. This article reports the direct combination of mSBSDME and MS using a needle-based electrospray ionization (NESI) emitter as the interface. This combination is applied to determine tetrahydrocannabinol in saliva samples, a relevant societal problem if the global consumption rates of cannabis are considered. The coupling requires only the transference of the magnet (containing the sorbent and the isolated analyte) from the mSBSDME to the hub of a hypodermic needle, where the online elution occurs. The application of 5 kV on the needle forms an electrospray on its tip, transferring the ionized analyte to the MS inlet. The excellent performance of mSBSDME-NESI-MS/MS relies on the sensitivity (limits of detection as low as 2.25 ng mL-1), the precision (relative standard deviation lower than 15%), and the accuracy (relative recoveries ranged from 87 to 127%) obtained. According to the results, the mSBSDME-NESI-MS/MS technique promises faster and more efficient chemical analysis in MS-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu L López-Juan
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot E-46100, Valencia, Spain
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie Building, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán-Santiago
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie Building, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Juan L Benedé
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot E-46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot E-46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie Building, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie Building, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
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Ishikawa R, Shirato R, Watanabe A, Matsuoka S, Sugihara R, Kimura K. Low blood glucose and fatigue accumulation at peak hours of occupational trauma in secondary industry workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38741548 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2347742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. The incidence of occupational traumatic injuries caused by human error has been reported to occur at 11:00 and 8-9 h after commencing work. Impaired attention is closely related to the incidence of these accidents. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the changes in blood glucose, fatigue and stress response hormone levels over time among workers in a secondary industry. Methods. The blood glucose and subjective fatigue levels of 26 male secondary-industry workers were measured on workdays. In addition, the cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone levels in saliva were measured on one workday and one holiday. Results. Blood glucose levels at 11:00 and 17:30 on the workday were significantly lower than those at 09:30. Moreover, hypoglycemia was observed in some participants. A significant increase in subjective fatigue levels was observed during the workday. However, no significant differences in salivary cortisol levels were observed between the workday and the holiday at any time point. Conclusions. Blood glucose levels decreased and subjective fatigue levels increased at the time points that occupational accidents were reported to occur most frequently during work. These factors may contribute to human errors due to impaired attentional function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Japan
| | - Rikiya Shirato
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Japan
| | - Asuka Watanabe
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Japan
| | - Ryousaku Sugihara
- Division of Engineering, Department of Quality Assurance, DENSO Hokkaido Corporation, Japan
| | - Kazushi Kimura
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Japan
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Lee A, Jang S, Lee S, Park HK, Kim IY, Ahn R, Seok JH, Lee KR. Comparative analysis of salivary cortisol measurements using different assay methods in relation to serum-free cortisol measurement. Pract Lab Med 2024; 40:e00393. [PMID: 38645932 PMCID: PMC11026831 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2024.e00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Salivary cortisol reflects the biologically active form of serum cortisol, offering a noninvasive evaluation method for the diurnal rhythm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. While liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is known for its specificity, immunoassays (IA) are commonly used because of their simplicity. This study aimed to assess the performance of salivary cortisol measurement using both IA and LC-MS/MS in comparison to serum-free cortisol measurement. Methods Assay results for 188 saliva and 94 serum samples from 47 participants were analyzed. Salivary samples collected at different time points were analyzed using IA and LC-MS/MS. Serum samples were analyzed for cortisol, cortisol-binding globulin, and free cortisol. The statistical analyses included correlations and method comparisons. Results The diurnal salivary cortisol profiles exhibited a comparable circadian rhythm pattern; however, the concentrations measured using IA were consistently higher than those measured using LC-MS/MS. The correlation analysis revealed robust associations among salivary cortisol (IA), salivary cortisol (LC-MS/MS), and serum-free cortisol levels (LC-MS/MS). However, the method comparison revealed a systematic bias between IA and LC-MS/MS in salivary cortisol measurement. Conclusions This study contributes to the ongoing debate on assay techniques by affirming the suitability of IA and LC-MS/MS for salivary cortisol measurement to assess dynamic changes in HPA axis activity. The identified systematic bias emphasizes the importance of selecting methods based on specific research or clinical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Yong-In, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooah Jang
- Research Institute of Minds.AI, Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoo Lee
- Center for Companion Biomarker, Seoul Clinical Laboratories Healthcare Inc., Yong-In, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Yong-In, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Kim
- Research Institute of Minds.AI, Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryunsup Ahn
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hormone Analysis Center, Minds.AI, Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Seok
- Research Institute of Minds.AI, Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ryul Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Yong-In, Republic of Korea
- Center for Companion Biomarker, Seoul Clinical Laboratories Healthcare Inc., Yong-In, Republic of Korea
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Barros O, D'Agostino VG, Lara Santos L, Vitorino R, Ferreira R. Shaping the future of oral cancer diagnosis: advances in salivary proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:149-168. [PMID: 38626289 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2343585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saliva has gained increasing attention in the quest for disease biomarkers. Because it is a biological fluid that can be collected is an easy, painless, and safe way, it has been increasingly studied for the identification of oral cancer biomarkers. This is particularly important because oral cancer is often diagnosed at late stages with a poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED The review addresses the evolution of the experimental approaches used in salivary proteomics studies of oral cancer over the years and outlines advantages and pitfalls related to each one. In addition, examines the current landscape of oral cancer biomarker discovery and translation focusing on salivary proteomic studies. This discussion is based on an extensive literature search (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar). EXPERT OPINION The introduction of mass spectrometry has revolutionized the study of salivary proteomics. In the future, the focus will be on refining existing methods and introducing powerful experimental techniques such as mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring, which, despite their effectiveness, are still underutilized due to their high cost. In addition, conducting studies with larger cohorts and establishing standardized protocols for salivary proteomics are key challenges that need to be addressed in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Barros
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) and Surgical Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vito G D'Agostino
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lucio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) and Surgical Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) and Surgical Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Souza-Talarico JN, Chesak S, Elizalde N, Liu W, Moon C, Oberfrank NDCF, Rauer AJ, Takao CL, Shaw C, Saravanan A, Longhi Palacio FG, Buck H. Exploring the interplay of psychological and biological components of stress response and telomere length in the transition from middle age to late adulthood: A systematic review. Stress Health 2024:e3389. [PMID: 38442010 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Ageing and chronic stress have been linked to reduced telomere length (TL) in mixed-age groups. Whether stress response components are linked to TL during the midlife-to-late adulthood transition remains unclear. Our study aimed to synthesise evidence on the relationship between psychological and biological components of stress response on TL in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a systematic review of studies obtained from six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus) and evaluated by two independent reviewers. Original research measuring psychological and biological components of stress response and TL in human individuals were included. From an initial pool of 614 studies, 15 were included (n = 9446 participants). Synthesis of evidence showed that higher psychological components of the stress response (i.e., global perceived stress or within a specific life domain and cognitive appraisal to social-evaluative stressors) were linked to shorter TL, specifically in women or under major life stressors. For the biological stress response, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and IGF-1/cortisol imbalance, IL-6, MCP-1, blood pressure, and heart rate presented a significant association with TL, but this relationship depended on major life stressors and the stress context (manipulated vs. non-manipulated conditions). This comprehensive review showed that psychological and biological components of the stress response are linked to shorter TL, but mainly in women or those under a major life stressor and stress-induced conditions. The interaction between stressor attributes and psychological and biological reactions in the transition from middle to late adulthood still needs to be fully understood, and examining it is a critical step to expanding our understanding of stress's impact on ageing trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Nery Souza-Talarico
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sherry Chesak
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Natalie Elizalde
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Chooza Moon
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Amy Joanna Rauer
- Department of Child and Family Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Clarissa Shaw
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Anitha Saravanan
- School of Nursing, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Harleah Buck
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Ciurli A, Mohammed Y, Ammon C, Derks RJ, Olivier-Jimenez D, Ducarmon QR, Slingerland M, Neefjes J, Giera M. Spatially and temporally resolved metabolome of the human oral cavity. iScience 2024; 27:108884. [PMID: 38318352 PMCID: PMC10839270 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a complex bodily fluid composed of secretions by major and minor salivary glands. Salivary glands and their secretions are known to be unevenly distributed in the human oral cavity. Moreover, saliva flow rate and composition vary across locations and time of the day. This remarkable heterogeneity of salivary secretions suggests that different subtypes of saliva fulfill different functions. By coupling a non-invasive and facile collection method with comprehensive metabolomic profiling, we investigated the spatial and temporal distributions of salivary components. We identified location-specific metabolite profiles, novel oscillating metabolites, and location-specific diurnal patterns. In summary, our study paves the way for a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics and functionalities of the salivary metabolome and its integration in multi-omics studies related to oral and systemic (patho-)physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ciurli
- Oncode Institute and Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Ammon
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rico J.E. Derks
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Damien Olivier-Jimenez
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Quinten R. Ducarmon
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marije Slingerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Oncode Institute and Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
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Kotov DA, Corpuz R. No evidence for relationship between paternal post-partum depressive symptoms and testosterone or cortisol in first-time fathers. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1348031. [PMID: 38425562 PMCID: PMC10902172 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Male life history strategies are regulated by the neuroendocrine system. Testosterone (T) and cortisol regulate male behaviors including parenting and facilitate managing tradeoffs at key transitions in development such as first-time fatherhood. Both hormones demonstrate marked fluctuations in the postnatal period, and this presents an opportunity to investigate the role of T and cortisol in postpartum depressive symptoms-comparably less studied in fathers than in mothers in the evolutionary literature. Prior work on depressive symptoms has yet to integrate insights from the "dual hormone hypothesis (DHH)" which has focused on how T and cortisol interact to jointly regulate traits associated with dominance and status-seeking (i.e., mating effort) but has yet to be included in models of parenting effort. In this research, we use secondary data to investigate the relationship between DHH and traits ostensibly opposed to status seeking (i.e., depressive symptoms). First-time fathers (n = 193) provided morning saliva samples 10 months following parturition and reported on the presence of depressive symptoms (BDI-II). Responses were decomposed into three factors: cognitive, affective, and somatic. Using hybrid latent variable structural equation modeling, we did not find evidence that T predicted variability in cognitive, affective, or somatic depressive symptom factors. We found a null effect for cortisol as well. Finally, we could not find evidence that the DHH variable (T × cortisol interaction) predicted any variability in cognitive, affective, or somatic depressive symptoms. While we did not find evidence to support our hypotheses using a secondary data set, this study contributes to research on the neuroendocrinology of depression in fathers. Discussion focuses on the limitations of sample demographics, timing of saliva and self-report collection, and the lack of extant theory specific to paternal postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Randy Corpuz
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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Тюльпаков МА, Нагаева ЕВ, Калинченко НЮ, Безлепкина ОБ. [A promising approach for therapy control in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Problems of Endocrinology]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2024; 69:102-108. [PMID: 38311999 PMCID: PMC10848187 DOI: 10.14341/probl13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders requiring lifelong glucocorticoid replacement (GC) therapy. Lack of GC therapy leads to precocious puberty in boys, heterosexual development in girls, accelerated bone maturation and short final height in both sexes. In adolescence, the lack of GC therapy is the cause of menstrual disorders in girls and the development of TART in boys, as a result reducing the reproductive potential in both sexes. On the other hand, an overdose of GC leads to drug-induced Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome. In order to select adequate doses of GC in childhood and adolescence, multiple determinations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone in blood plasma, and thus multiple venous blood sampling are required. The blood sampling requires specially trained medical staff and can effect on the results due to stress reaction especially in young patients. Hence, the development and implementation of a non-invasive method for determining the steroid profile is extremely important in monitoring GC therapy in children. In addition, the currently used immunofluorescence assay cannot determine other adrenal steroids, has a high variation due to the «cross-reaction» of steroids that are similar in structure, which inflates the results. Unlike immunofluorescence assay, liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry is more preferable method, since it is more specific and accurate. In this literature review, saliva presented as an alternative substrate and the non-invasive method for determining the steroid profile. This method can solve the above disadvantages, simplify and make more accurate the selection of GC therapy in patients with CAH, which is especially important in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. А. Тюльпаков
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Е. В. Нагаева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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Fey JMH, Bikker FJ, Hesse D. Saliva Collection Methods Among Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:15-26. [PMID: 37950136 PMCID: PMC10786738 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Saliva can be used for screening and diagnostic purposes. Although multiple saliva collection methods are available, their use in children can be limited due to lack of cooperation, developmental stage, and age. The aim of this scoping review was to comprehensively appraise the different methods of saliva collection among both children and adolescents by assessing the available scientific literature. METHODS A literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligible studies on saliva collection methods among children and adolescents were included for this review. RESULTS The literature search identified 249 eligible articles, of which 205 had a cross-sectional study design. Four distinct saliva collection methods have surfaced: the drooling method, the absorption method, the spitting method, and the suction method. Among infants or children under the age of 6 years, the suction and absorption methods were most preferred. The drooling and spitting methods were only applicable among children above the age of 3 years. When children were not willing to cooperate, the absorption method was most feasible. In adolescents and older children, no specific method was found to be preferred over another method. CONCLUSION Overall, saliva collection is well tolerated by children and adolescents, with the absorption and suction methods being preferred with young and uncooperative children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette M H Fey
- Department of Paediadtric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Hesse
- Department of Paediadtric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Abdullameer MA, Abdulkareem AA. Salivary interleukin-1β as a biomarker to differentiate between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:221-229. [PMID: 37162330 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal diagnosis is based on recording clinical parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). These techniques may be prone to errors due to different factors. Available biomarkers in the oral biofluid such as interleukin (IL)-1β could provide solutions for these issues. The study aimed to determine the potential of salivary IL-1β to differentiate periodontal health from disease and between gingivitis and periodontitis. METHODS Patients with gingivitis (N.=25), periodontitis (N.=50), and healthy periodontium (N.=25) were recruited for this study. For each patient, whole unstimulated saliva was collected followed by recording periodontal parameters namely; Plaque Index (PI), BOP, PPD, CAL. Level of salivary IL-1β was assayed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sensitivity and specificity of IL-1β, to differentiate any given condition, was determined by Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Both BOP and PI were significantly higher in association with gingivitis and periodontitis groups as compared to controls. Concentration of salivary IL-1β in periodontal health was significantly lower than gingivitis and periodontitis groups. The biochemical analyses showed that salivary IL-1β differentiated periodontal health from gingivitis (AUC 0.949) and periodontitis (AUC 0.852) but could not discriminate gingivitis from periodontitis (AUC 0.532). The proposed cut-off points to differentiate periodontal health from gingivitis was 103.8 pg/mL, while the value of the biomarker to differentiate periodontal health from periodontitis was 102.0 pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Salivary IL-1β could be a reliable biomarker with a good level of accuracy to differentiate periodontal health from disease but not to discriminate gingivitis from periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Abdullameer
- Department of Health, Ministry of Health, Al-Rusafa Sector, Baghdad, Iraq
- College of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- College of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq -
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12
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Handley ED, Rogosch FA, Duprey EB, Russotti J, Cicchetti D. Profiles of diurnal cortisol and DHEA regulation among children: Associations with maltreatment experiences, symptomatology, and positive adaptation. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1614-1626. [PMID: 35635209 PMCID: PMC9708938 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Person-centered methods represent an important advance in the simultaneous examination of multiple indicators of neuroendocrine functioning and may facilitate a more nuanced understanding of the impact of child maltreatment on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. The aims of the present study were threefold: (a) identify naturally occurring patterns of diurnal cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) regulation among a sample of N = 1,258 children with and without histories of maltreatment, (b) investigate which neuroendocrine profiles characterize children with exposure to maltreatment, and (c) examine which profiles are related to adaptive outcomes and symptomatology among children. Cortisol and DHEA were sampled three times per day (9 a.m., 12 p.m., and 4 p.m.) across 5 and 2 days, respectively. Four profiles of cortisol and DHEA regulation were identified. Among females, a pattern marked by high cortisol and low DHEA was associated with more pervasive maltreatment experiences. Furthermore, we found evidence of adaptive interpersonal resilience such that children with maltreatment exposure who evidenced this pattern of high cortisol and low DHEA were viewed as more likeable than maltreated children with other neuroendocrine patterns. Finally, results pointed to higher levels of internalizing symptoms among children who displayed a profile marked by average cortisol and high DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erinn B. Duprey
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
- University of Rochester Medical Center
| | | | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
- University of Minnesota
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13
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Butzin-Dozier Z, Mertens AN, Tan ST, Granger DA, Pitchik HO, Il’yasova D, Tofail F, Rahman MZ, Spasojevic I, Shalev I, Ali S, Karim MR, Shahriar S, Famida SL, Shuman G, Shoab AK, Akther S, Hossen MS, Mutsuddi P, Rahman M, Unicomb L, Das KK, Yan L, Meyer A, Stewart CP, Hubbard A, Tabassum Naved R, Parvin K, Mamun MMA, Luby SP, Colford JM, Fernald LCH, Lin A. Stress Biomarkers and Child Development in Young Children in Bangladesh. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.12.23295429. [PMID: 37745503 PMCID: PMC10516093 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.23295429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Hundreds of millions of children in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to chronic stressors, such as poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene, and sub-optimal nutrition. These stressors can have physiological consequences for children and may ultimately have detrimental effects on child development. This study explores associations between biological measures of chronic stress in early life and developmental outcomes in a large cohort of young children living in rural Bangladesh. Methods We assessed physiologic measures of stress in the first two years of life using measures of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (salivary cortisol and glucocorticoid receptor gene methylation), the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system (salivary alpha-amylase, heart rate, and blood pressure), and oxidative status (F2-isoprostanes). We assessed child development in the first two years of life with the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), the WHO gross motor milestones, and the Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire (EASQ). We compared development outcomes of children at the 75th and 25th percentiles of stress biomarker distributions while adjusting for potential confounders (hereafter referred to as contrasts) using generalized additive models, which are statistical models where the outcome is predicted by a potentially non-linear function of predictor variables. Results We analyzed data from 684 children (49% female) at both 14 and 28 months of age; we included an additional 765 children at 28 months of age. We observed 135 primary contrasts of the differences in child development outcomes at the 75th and 25th percentiles of stress biomarkers, where we detected significant relationships in 5 out of 30 contrasts (17%) of HPA axis activity, 1 out of 30 contrasts (3%) of SAM activity, and 3 out of 75 contrasts (4%) of oxidative status. These findings revealed that measures of HPA axis activity were associated with poor development outcomes. We did not find consistent evidence that markers of SAM system activity or oxidative status were associated with developmental status. Conclusions Our observations reveal associations between the physiological evidence of stress in the HPA axis with developmental status in early childhood. These findings add to the existing evidence exploring the developmental consequences of early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew N. Mertens
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Sophia T. Tan
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Helen O. Pitchik
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Fahmida Tofail
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ziaur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Shahjahan Ali
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sunny Shahriar
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Luthfa Famida
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gabrielle Shuman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Abul K. Shoab
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Akther
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saheen Hossen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Palash Mutsuddi
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Leanne Unicomb
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kishor K. Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Alan Hubbard
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Kausar Parvin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahfuz Al Mamun
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen P. Luby
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - John M. Colford
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Lia C. H. Fernald
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Audrie Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
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14
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Tsunekawa K, Shoho Y, Ushiki K, Yanagawa Y, Matsumoto R, Shimoda N, Aoki T, Yoshida A, Nakajima K, Kimura T, Murakami M. Assessment of exercise-induced stress via automated measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations and the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio: a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14532. [PMID: 37666925 PMCID: PMC10477232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, our aim was to validate whether the automated measurement of salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations and the testosterone-to-cortisol (T/C) ratio, considering their individual circadian rhythms can be used to assess the stress response of male athletes to different exercise intensities accurately and effectively. We measured the salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations and their respective serum concentrations that were collected from 20 male long-distance runners via passive drooling in the morning and evening for two consecutive days involving different exercise intensities. An electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was performed to evaluate the salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations. The results showed a positive correlation between the salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations and their respective serum concentrations. The participants were divided into two groups: with and without interval training. The interval training group showed a significantly higher rate of change in the salivary cortisol concentration and a significantly lower rate of change in the T/C ratio in the evening interval training on day 1 than lower-intensity running on day 2. Our results indicated that the salivary cortisol concentrations and the T/C ratio could distinguish between exercises at different intensities, which may be beneficial for detecting differences in stress responses among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Tsunekawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Shoho
- Faculty of Education, Ikuei University, 1656-1 Kyome-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0011, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ushiki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshimaro Yanagawa
- Faculty of Education, Ikuei University, 1656-1 Kyome-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0011, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Matsumoto
- Faculty of Education, Ikuei University, 1656-1 Kyome-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0011, Japan
| | - Nozomi Shimoda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aoki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takao Kimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
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15
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Umapathy VR, Natarajan PM, Swamikannu B. Review Insights on Salivary Proteomics Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Detection and Diagnosis. Molecules 2023; 28:5283. [PMID: 37446943 PMCID: PMC10343386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection is crucial for the treatment and prognosis of oral cancer, a potentially lethal condition. Tumor markers are abnormal biological byproducts produced by malignant cells that may be found and analyzed in a variety of bodily fluids, including saliva. Early detection and appropriate treatment can increase cure rates to 80-90% and considerably improve quality of life by reducing the need for costly, incapacitating medicines. Salivary diagnostics has drawn the interest of many researchers and has been proven to be an effective tool for both medication monitoring and the diagnosis of several systemic diseases. Since researchers are now searching for biomarkers in saliva, an accessible bodily fluid, for noninvasive diagnosis of oral cancer, measuring tumor markers in saliva is an interesting alternative to blood testing for early identification, post-treatment monitoring, and monitoring high-risk lesions. New molecular markers for oral cancer detection, treatment, and prognosis have been found as a result of developments in the fields of molecular biology and salivary proteomics. The numerous salivary tumor biomarkers and how they relate to oral cancer and pre-cancer are covered in this article. We are optimistic that salivary protein biomarkers may one day be discovered for the clinical detection of oral cancer because of the rapid advancement of proteomic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600107, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhu Manickam Natarajan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences and Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bhuminathan Swamikannu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER University, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India;
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16
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Clayton MG, Nelson BW, Giletta M, Hastings PD, Nock MK, Rudolph KD, Slavich GM, Prinstein MJ. Interpersonal Life Stress and Inflammatory Reactivity as Prospective Predictors of Suicide Attempts in Adolescent Females. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:977-987. [PMID: 36853582 PMCID: PMC10330793 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents' suicidal behavior frequently is preceded by interpersonal stress, but not all who experience distress attempt to end their lives. Recent theories have posited individual differences in stress-related inflammatory reactivity may be associated with psychopathology risk; this study examined inflammatory reactivity as a moderator of the prospective association between interpersonal stress and adolescents' suicidal behavior. Participants included 157 at-risk adolescent females (ages 12 to 16 years) and assessed individual differences in proinflammatory cytokine responses to a brief laboratory-based social stressor, both interpersonal and non-interpersonal life events, and suicidal behavior over an 18-month follow-up period. Measuring levels of the key proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after an experimentally-induced social stressor, results revealed that blunted cytokine reactivity heightened the effect of high interpersonal stress exposure on risk for suicidal behaviors over the subsequent 9 months. Significant effects were not revealed for non-interpersonally themed stress. Finding highlight the urgent need for more research examining inflammation reactivity among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Clayton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davie Hall, Campus Box 3270, 27599-3270, 962-3988, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Nelson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davie Hall, Campus Box 3270, 27599-3270, 962-3988, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Paul D Hastings
- Center for Mind and Brain, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davie Hall, Campus Box 3270, 27599-3270, 962-3988, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Mariko H, Uban KA. The implications of socioeconomic factors on salivary bioscience methodological variables in a large pediatric multi-site study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1088043. [PMID: 37427258 PMCID: PMC10327643 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1088043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salivary bioscience has found increased utilization within pediatric research, given the non-invasive nature of self-collecting saliva for measuring biological markers. With this growth in pediatric utility, more understanding is needed of how social-contextual factors, such as socioeconomic factors or status (SES), influence salivary bioscience in large multi-site studies. Socioeconomic factors have been shown to influence non-salivary analyte levels across childhood and adolescent development. However, less is understood about relationships between these socioeconomic factors and salivary collection methodological variables (e.g., time of saliva collection from waking, time of day of saliva collection, physical activity prior to saliva collection, and caffeine intake prior to saliva collection). Variability in salivary methodological variables between participants may impact the levels of analytes measured in a salivary sample, thus serving as a potential mechanism for non-random systematic biases in analytes. Methods Our objective is to examine relationships between socioeconomic factors and salivary bioscience methodological variables within the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study© cohort of children aged 9-10 years old (n = 10,567 participants with saliva samples). Results We observed significant associations between household socioeconomic factors (poverty status, education) and salivary collection methodological variables (time since waking, time of day of sampling, physical activity, and caffeine intake). Moreover, lower levels of household poverty and education were significantly associated with more sources of potential bias in salivary collection methodological variables (e.g., longer times since waking, collections later in the day, higher odds of caffeine consumption, and lower odds of physical activity). Consistent associations were not observed with neighborhood socioeconomic factors and salivary methodological variables. Discussion Previous literature demonstrates associations between collection methodological variables and measurements of salivary analyte levels, particularly with analytes that are more sensitive to circadian rhythms, pH levels, or rigorous physical activity. Our novel findings suggest that unintended distortions in measured salivary analyte values, potentially resulting from the non-random systematic biases in salivary methodology, need to be intentionally incorporated into analyses and interpretation of results. This is particularly salient for future studies interested in examining underlying mechanisms of childhood socioeconomic health inequities in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Mariko
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kristina A. Uban
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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18
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De la Fuente-Moreno E, Paredes-Ramos P, Carrasco-García A, Hernandez-Cruz B, Alvarado M, Edwards C. Salivary Cortisol in Guide Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1981. [PMID: 37370493 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Guide dogs work for extended periods and are exposed to multiple environmental stimuli that could lead to higher stress compared with companion dogs. Cortisol is the main hormone associated with stress in most mammals. This study included seven guide dogs and seven same-breed dogs that were trained as guide dogs but became companion dogs to compare their salivary cortisol levels before, during, and after a period of social isolation and exposure to a 110-decibel gunshot sound. Each dog was left alone in an empty room for 60 min. After 15 min, the dogs were exposed to the sound. We collected four saliva samples from each dog. The first one was taken 5 min before starting the social isolation period, and the following ones at 15, 30, and 45 min after the test started. A two-way ANOVA was used to compare the group effect and the time effect during isolation and noise exposure. The results showed higher levels of cortisol in the guide dogs compared with the companion dogs throughout the test. No differences were found in time or in the interaction between time and group. This suggests that being a guide dog increases levels of basal cortisol when compared with dogs that live as companion animals and family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Paredes-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91190, Mexico
| | - Apolo Carrasco-García
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91190, Mexico
| | - Bertha Hernandez-Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz 91190, Mexico
| | - Mayvi Alvarado
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Xalapa Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | - Claudia Edwards
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Röhr F, Uellner F, Deckert A, Anders S, Burk R, Knop M, Brugnara L, Bärnighausen T, Jahn A, McMahon S, Souares A. From disgusting and complicated to simple and brilliant: Implementation perspectives and lessons learned from users and rejectors of mail-in SARS-CoV-2 gargle tests. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1024525. [PMID: 36684995 PMCID: PMC9850099 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the important role of testing as a measure against the COVID-19 pandemic, user perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 tests remain scarce, inhibiting an improvement of testing approaches. As the world enters the third year of the pandemic, more nuanced perspectives of testing, and opportunities to expand testing in a feasible and affordable manner merit consideration. Methods Conducted amid the second pandemic wave (late 2020-early 2021) during and after a multi-arm trial evaluating SARS-CoV-2 surveillance strategies in the federal state Baden-Württemberg, Germany, this qualitative sub-study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of how test users and test rejectors perceived mail-in SARS-CoV-2 gargle tests. We conducted 67 semi-structured in-depth interviews (mean duration: 60 min) via telephone or video call. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively using thematic analysis. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided the findings' presentation. Results Respondents generally described gargle sampling as simple and comfortable. However, individual perceptions of the testing method and its feasibility varied widely from disgusting and complicated to simple and brilliant. Self-sampling was appreciated for lowering infection risks during testing, but also considered more complex. Gargle-sampling increased participants' self-efficacy to sample correctly. Communication (first contact, quantity and content of information, reminders, support system) and trust (in the study, its institutional affiliation and test method) decisively influenced the intervention's acceptability. Conclusion User-driven insights on how to streamline testing include: consider communication, first impressions of tests and information as key for successful mail-in testing; pay attention to the role of mutual trust between those taking and administering tests; implement gargle self-sampling as a pleasant alternative to swab testing; offer multiple test methods to increase test up-take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freda Röhr
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Uellner
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Deckert
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Anders
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Burk
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Knop
- Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Brugnara
- Evaplan Ltd. at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Jahn
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shannon McMahon
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- International Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aurélia Souares
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Heidelberg Site, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sharma V, Choudhury SP, Kumar S, Nikolajeff F. Saliva based diagnostic methodologies for a fast track detection of autism spectrum disorder: A mini-review. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:893251. [PMID: 36685230 PMCID: PMC9846176 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.893251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered a complicated neurodevelopment disorder with rising prevalence globally. ASD is characterized by a series of events including varying degrees of defects in communication, learning, and social interaction which is accompanied by stereotypical behavioral patterns. Despite extensive research, the current diagnosis for ASD is complex and almost solely based on the behavioral assessments of the suspected individuals. The multifactorial etiopathology of this disease along with the diversity of symptoms among different individuals adds to the current intricacies for accurate prognosis of ASD. Hence, there exists a dire need for biologically relevant biomarkers for an early diagnosis and for tracking the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Until recently, among various biofluids, saliva has gained increasing interest for biomarker identification, the advantages include the non-invasive nature and ease of sample handling. This mini-review aims to provide a succinct summary of recent literature on saliva-based diagnostic modalities for ASD, examine various studies that highlight the potential use of proteomic and/or RNA-based biomarkers. Finally, some conclusive perspectives of using the salivary system for ASD mechanistic details and diagnosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sharma
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | | | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden,Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Fredrik Nikolajeff
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden,*Correspondence: Fredrik Nikolajeff,
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Lucas T, Yamin JB, Krohner S, Goetz SMM, Kopetz C, Lumley MA. Writing about justice and injustice: Complex effects on affect, performance, threat, and biological responses to acute social stress among african American women and men. Soc Sci Med 2023; 316:115019. [PMID: 35589454 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brief, culturally-tailored, and scalable stress coping interventions are needed to address a broad range of stress-related health disparities, including among African Americans. In this study, we develop two brief justice writing interventions and demonstrate a methodological approach for evaluating how prompting African Americans to think about justice and injustice can alter responses to acute social stress. METHODS African American women and men were randomized to a neutral writing condition or one of two justice-based writing interventions, which prompted them to recall past experiences of personal justice - with (adjunctive injustice) or without (personal justice-only) recalling and writing about injustice. Participants then completed a modified Trier Social Stress Test, during which they received feedback on poor performance. We measured cognitive performance, affect, and perceived threat in response to task feedback. We also measured blood pressure and salivary cortisol stress responses. RESULTS Men experienced more positive emotion, performed better on the stressor task, and were less threatened by poor performance feedback in the personal justice-only condition. Men also had lower systolic blood pressure reactivity in the justice writing conditions compared to control. Women experienced less positive emotion, performed worse on the stressor task, and were more threatened by feedback in the personal justice-only condition. Women also had lower cortisol recovery after the stressor task in the adjunctive injustice condition. CONCLUSION Thinking about justice and injustice may alter performance, affect, threat, and biological responses to acute social stress. Still, gender differences highlight that justice thinking is likely to produce heterogeneous and complex stress coping responses among African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Lucas
- Division of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Jolin B Yamin
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shoshana Krohner
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Stefan M M Goetz
- Peace Research Institute Oslo, Hausmanns Gate 3, Oslo, 0186, Norway
| | - Catalina Kopetz
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Mark A Lumley
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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Grootveld M, Page G, Bhogadia M, Hunwin K, Edgar M. Updates and Original Case Studies Focused on the NMR-Linked Metabolomics Analysis of Human Oral Fluids Part III: Implementations for the Diagnosis of Non-Cancerous Disorders, Both Oral and Systemic. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010066. [PMID: 36676991 PMCID: PMC9864626 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This communication represents Part III of our series of reports based on the applications of human saliva as a useful and conveniently collectable medium for the discovery, identification and monitoring of biomarkers, which are of some merit for the diagnosis of human diseases. Such biomarkers, or others reflecting the dysfunction of specific disease-associated metabolic pathways, may also be employed for the prognostic pathological tracking of these diseases. Part I of this series set the experimental and logistical groundwork for this report, and the preceding paper, Part II, featured the applications of newly developed metabolomics technologies to the diagnosis and severity grading of human cancer conditions, both oral and systemic. Clearly, there are many benefits, both scientific and economic, associated with the donation of human saliva samples (usually as whole mouth saliva) from humans consenting to and participating in investigations focused on the discovery of biomolecular markers of diseases. These include usually non-invasive collection protocols, relatively low cost when compared against blood sample collection, and no requirement for clinical supervision during collection episodes. This paper is centred on the employment and value of 'state-of-the-art' metabolomics technologies to the diagnosis and prognosis of a wide range of non-cancerous human diseases. Firstly, these include common oral diseases such as periodontal diseases (from type 1 (gingivitis) to type 4 (advanced periodontitis)), and dental caries. Secondly, a wide range of extra-oral (systemic) conditions are covered, most notably diabetes types 1 and 2, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and Sjögren's syndrome, along with a series of viral infections, e.g., pharyngitis, influenza, HIV and COVID-19. Since the authors' major research interests lie in the area of the principles and applications of NMR-linked metabolomics techniques, many, but not all, of the studies reviewed were conducted using these technologies, with special attention being given to recommended protocols for their operation and management, for example, satisfactory experimental model designs; sample collection and laboratory processing techniques; the selection of sample-specific NMR pulse sequences for saliva analysis; and strategies available for the confirmation of resonance assignments for both endogenous and exogenous molecules in this biofluid. This article also features an original case study, which is focussed on the use of NMR-based salivary metabolomics techniques to provide some key biomarkers for the diagnosis of pharyngitis, and an example of how to 'police' such studies and to recognise participants who perceive that they actually have this disorder but do not from their metabolic profiles and multivariate analysis pattern-based clusterings. The biochemical and clinical significance of these multidimensional metabolomics investigations are discussed in detail.
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Simon SG, Jamner LD, Dent AL, Granger DA, Riis JL. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic nervous system responses to social evaluative stress in chronic cannabis users and non-users. Addict Behav 2023; 136:107489. [PMID: 36181746 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To advance our understanding of the health-related consequences of chronic cannabis use, this study examined hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity and regulation in response to a well-characterized, acute, social evaluative stress task among cannabis users and non-users. We also explored differences in HPA-SNS coordination across the stress task in cannabis users and non-users. METHOD Participants were 75 adults (53% female) who reported no use of tobacco/nicotine products. Cannabis use was measured using self-report and salivary/urinary THC levels. Participants were classified as cannabis users (n = 33) if they reported using cannabis at least twice per week in the prior year and had a positive salivary/urinary THC test or as non-users (n = 42) if they reported no use in the prior year and had a negative THC test. During a laboratory visit, participants completed the standard Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and provided saliva samples before, and 5, 20, and 40 min after the task. Samples were assayed for salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase (sAA) as indices of HPA axis and SNS activity, respectively. RESULTS Multilevel piecewise growth models revealed that, relative to non-users, cannabis users showed (a) blunted cortisol reactivity and recovery to the TSST, and (b) greater reductions in sAA concentrations following the TSST. Chronic cannabis users may exhibit blunted HPA axis responses and greater SNS recovery to acute psychosocial stress. Implications of individual differences in stress reactivity and regulation for the biobehavioral health of chronic cannabis users are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna G Simon
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Larry D Jamner
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amy L Dent
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jenna L Riis
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, USA
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Wagner D, Pearcey SM. Perceived stress and salivary biomarkers in educators: comparison among three stress reduction activities. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:617-631. [PMID: 35898594 PMCID: PMC9310819 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The teaching profession is a potentially stressful occupation with up to 30% of all novice teachers leaving the profession and annual teacher turnover is higher when compared with turnover of all other occupations. This study investigated the effects of a one-time stress reduction activity (meditation, yoga, or aerobic exercise) in university and K-12 educators who were part of one-day seminar on Stress Reduction. Methods: Participants (N = 26) self-selected their stress reduction activity, completed a demographic questionnaire, educator stress self-assessment tool, and visual analogue scales indicating current stress levels. Salivary cortisol and amylase levels were measured before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after completion of the stress reduction activity. Results: Three (time) by three (activity) mixed factorial ANOVAs were computed for salivary analytes. The ANOVA for cortisol revealed a significant interaction (F (4, 66) = 3.60, p = .01). Comparisons showed significant differences with the aerobic exercise group having significantly higher cortisol levels at the 30-minute post-activity level when compared to the meditation (p < .05, Cohen’s d = .74) and yoga groups (p < .05, Cohen’s d = .52). Conclusion: Overall, the one-time activity of meditation and yoga showed lowered salivary cortisol levels at 30-minutes post-activity when compared to aerobic exercise activity. Additional research to examine the effects of stress reduction on educators in the work setting is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Wagner
- WellStar School of Nursing, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Sharon M. Pearcey
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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Salu OB, Akase IE, Anyanwu RA, Orenolu MR, Abdullah MA, Giwa-Tubosun T, Oloko SA, Oshinjo AM, Abiola AA, Oyedeji KS, Omilabu SA. Saliva sample for detection of SARS-CoV-2: A possible alternative for mass testing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275201. [PMID: 36170269 PMCID: PMC9518879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnostic testing has played a critical role in the global response to the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, since its first outbreak in late 2019. At the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic, nasopharyngeal swab sample analysis for COVID-19 diagnosis using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was the most widely used. However, due to the high cost and difficulty of sample collection, the number of available sample types for COVID-19 diagnosis is rapidly increasing, as is the COVID-19 diagnostic literature. The use of nasal swabs, saliva, and oral fluids as viable sample options for the effective detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been implemented successfully in different settings since 2020. These alternative sample type provides a plethora of advantages including decreasing the high exposure risk to frontline workers, enhancing the chances of home self-sampling, reducing the cost, and significantly increasing testing capacity. This study sought to ascertain the effectiveness of Saliva samples as an alternative for COVID-19 diagnosis in Nigeria. Demographic data, paired samples of Nasopharyngeal Swab and Drooling Saliva were obtained from 309 consenting individuals aged 8–83 years presenting for COVID-19 testing. All samples were simultaneously assayed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, N, and E genes using the GeneFinder™ COVID-19 Plus RT-PCR test kit. Out of 309 participants, only 299 with valid RT-PCR results comprising 159 (53.2%) males and 140 (46.8%) females were analyzed in this study using the R Statistical package. Among the 299 samples analyzed, 39 (13.0%) had SARS-CoV-2 detected in at least one specimen type. Both swabs and saliva were positive in 20 (51.3%) participants. Ten participants (25.6%) had swab positive/saliva-negative results and 9 participants (23.1%) had saliva positive/swab-negative results. The percentage of positive and negative agreement of the saliva samples with the nasopharyngeal swab were 67% and 97% respectively with positive and negative predictive values as 69% and 96% respectively. The findings indicate that drooling saliva samples have good and comparable diagnostic accuracy to the nasopharyngeal swabs with moderate sensitivities and high specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumuyiwa Babalola Salu
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Iorhen Ephraim Akase
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Lagos University Teaching, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Roosevelt Amaobichukwu Anyanwu
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mercy Remilekun Orenolu
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Maryam Abiodun Abdullah
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Kolawole Solomon Oyedeji
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Aremu Omilabu
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Martínez AD, Ruelas-Thompson L. Acceptability, feasibility, and ethics of saliva collection in community-based research with Mexican-origin mixed-status families during high immigration enforcement. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1685. [PMID: 36064334 PMCID: PMC9446519 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are concerns about the representation of vulnerable and underrepresented racial-ethnic minorities in biomedical and public health research, particularly when the research requires the collection of biospecimens. The current paper reports on the acceptability, feasibility, and ethics of saliva collection in a study examining the relationship between chronic stressors among mostly mixed-status, Latinx families (N = 30) during high immigration enforcement. Methods Data for this study included anthropometric measures and salivary biospecimens from each family member (N = 110) and a household survey. Data for this analysis are from ethnographic field notes, which were analyzed using a bricolage of critical ethnography and case study analysis techniques. Results We discuss the feasibility, aversions, acceptability, and ethical implications of integrating salivary biomarkers with Mexican-origin mixed-status families living in an area with restrictive immigration enforcement policies. We present the recruitment and data collection strategies used by the research team to gain participants’ trust, retain families, and maintain confidentiality. Conclusion We recommend that researchers who obtain biospecimens from Latinx, Mexican-origin, and/or immigrant populations answer the participants’ questions honestly and without fear that they will not understand the science to obtain voluntary assent and consent. We recommend that researchers be knowledgeable of the sociopolitical context that the Latinx, immigrant, and in particular, mixed-status families inhabit so that they are prepared to provide informational resources. Finally, we think it is imperative that the study team in the field be bilingual, multicultural Latinx persons who identify with the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airín Denise Martínez
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 715 N. Pleasant Street, Arnold House 333, 01003, Amherst, MB, USA.
| | - Lillian Ruelas-Thompson
- College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, ASU Advance,, Knowledge Exchange for Resilience, Arizona State University, Box 5302, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
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Chen FR. The association between cortisol-AA coordination in response to stress, negative urgency, and antisocial behavior in an urban adult sample. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 142:105799. [PMID: 35605474 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prior study has found that the interplay of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) influences behavior problems in youth. Yet, little is known regarding this relationship in adults and traits related to the coordination of the stress systems. This study aims to extend the findings of a youth sample that the coordination between HPA and ANS, measured as cortisol and alpha-amylase (AA) respectively, was associated with antisocial behavior in adults. Additionally, this study tests whether cortisol-AA coordination was associated with a conceptually relevant trait, negative urgency. A heterogeneous sample of 124 adults (college students, active offenders, and demographically matched controls) was recruited from a southern city. Participants filled out instruments for negative urgency and antisocial behavior, completed a modified Trier Social Stress Test (mTSST), and provided four saliva samples before and after mTSST to assay for cortisol and AA. Results showed that cortisol-AA stress coordination was stronger among offenders than other groups. Cortisol-AA stress coordination was also positively associated with antisocial behavior and with negative urgency. This study found support for the interpretation that cortisol-AA stress coordination may indicate an overshooting ANS response at high emotional distress, and highlight the importance of the multisystem approach in gaining new insights into behavior research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances R Chen
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia State University, Georgia.
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Yau JCY, Fong TCT, Wan AHY, Ho RTH. Comparison of passive drool and cotton-based collection methods for salivary C-reactive protein measurement. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23782. [PMID: 35838350 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva collection and handling procedures for salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) can be challenging due to a lack of standardized protocols. This study compared two collection methods used to quantify salivary CRP. Twenty-two Chinese adults provided two unstimulated whole saliva samples using passive drool and cotton-based collection devices in two consecutive mornings at baseline and 1 month later. The effects of various factors on CRP levels were analyzed using linear mixed models. Salivary CRP levels were significantly affected by collection time and method, but not day or wave. The CRP peaked upon awakening and declined 45 min later. CRP levels were significantly higher in the passive drool than in the cotton-based method. The Bland-Altman plot revealed relative and proportional biases. The difference in the CRP levels between the methods decreased as the CRP levels increased. Results suggest that passive drool and cotton-based collection methods should not be used interchangeably for measuring low levels of salivary CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Y Yau
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ted C T Fong
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Adrian H Y Wan
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rainbow T H Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Hoferichter F, Raufelder D. Biophysiological stress markers relate differently to grit and school engagement among lower- and higher-track secondary school students. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 93 Suppl 1:174-194. [PMID: 35583016 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the relationship between adolescents' biophysiological stress (i.e. cortisol, alpha-amylase and oxidative stress) and the development of grit and school engagement over one school year. AIMS The study aims to identify how objective stress affects grit and three dimensions of school engagement. Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the study considers lower- and higher-track school students and their genders. SAMPLE The sample consists of secondary school students (N = 82; MAge = 13.71; SD = 0.67; 48% girls) from Germany. METHODS Students participated in a questionnaire and a biophysiological study in the first semester (t1) of the school year and completed the same questionnaire at the end of the school year (t2). After conducting whole-sample analysis, a multi-group cross-lagged panel model was calculated to identify differences among students at lower- and higher-track schools. RESULTS Whole-sample analysis reveals that students who exhibit high levels of cortisol report lower cognitive school engagement at t2, whereas students who exhibit high levels of alpha-amylase exhibit less grit at t2. Additionally, lower-track students who exhibited high cortisol levels reported lower cognitive and emotional school engagement throughout the school year. Furthermore, higher-track students with high oxidative stress levels reported lower grit and behavioural school engagement at t2. CONCLUSIONS Examining the relationship between biophysiological stress markers and grit and school engagement of students at lower- and higher-track schools indicates that the educational context and its specific subculture shapes physiological stress reactions, which are related differently to grit and engagement dimensions.
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Hazeltine DB, Polokowski AR, Reigada LC. Inflammatory Cytokines, but Not Dietary Patterns, Are Related to Somatic Symptoms of Depression in a Sample of Women. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:822466. [PMID: 35651828 PMCID: PMC9149097 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.822466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a heterogenous disorder with both cognitive and somatic symptom dimensions that may differentially relate to systemic inflammation. Diet, which has the potential to modulate both inflammation levels and mood, is yet to be studied within the context of individual depression dimensions. This study examined the associations between inflammatory cytokines and dietary patterns with depressive symptom dimension profiles among a sample of women recruited in a non-clinical setting. Methods Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), inflammatory diet (Diet Inflammatory Index; DII), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II; BDI-II) were measured in 136 females (M age = 22.01 ± 4.02, range 18-59 years). Multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the relationships between inflammatory cytokines and diet with self-reported cognitive, somatic, and total depressive symptoms, adjusting for demographic factors. Results Findings showed that increased somatic dimension scores were positively associated with IL-6 (ß = 0.273, p = 0.002) and TNF-α (ß = 0.215, p = 0.017), but not inflammatory diet (p = 0.300). Total BDI-II scores were only positively associated with IL-6 (ß = 0.221, p = 0.012), and cognitive dimension scores were not associated with any inflammation measures. Conclusions These findings contribute to existing evidence that inflammatory cytokines are associated with the somatic symptoms of depression. Inflammatory diet index was not associated with depression measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Belden Hazeltine
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ashley Rose Polokowski
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Psycho-Oncology, Monter Cancer Center, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura Christine Reigada
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- Program in Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Rudd KL, Caron Z, Jones-Mason K, Coccia M, Conradt E, Alkon A, Bush NR. The prism of reactivity: Concordance between biobehavioral domains of infant stress reactivity. Infant Behav Dev 2022; 67:101704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Çelik E, Kara SS, Çevik Ö. The Potential Use of Saliva as a Biofluid for Systemic Inflammatory Response Monitoring in Children with Pneumonia. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:477-483. [PMID: 34595601 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-03973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, calprotectin, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in both saliva and serum in children with community-acquired pneumonia and to compare the saliva response with the systemic response. METHODS Forty hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia aged between 1 mo and 15 y; and 40 healthy controls were included. Both serum and saliva samples were collected on admission and at the time of discharge. RESULTS Calculated differences between values for each serum and salivary parameter on admission and before discharge named delta (Δ) values were used for correlation analysis. Salivary Δ values of each parameter were moderately/strongly correlated with their corresponding serum Δ levels [IL-1β ÷ (r = 0.554, p < 0.001); IL-6 ÷ (r = 0.484, p = 0.002); PCT ÷ (r = 0.737, p < 0.001); TNF-α ÷ (r = 0.587, p < 0.001); CRP ÷ (r = 0.703, p < 0.001); and calprotectin ÷ (r = 0.774, p < 0.001)]. CONCLUSIONS This study will evaluate the reflection of systemic changes in saliva and the efficacy of saliva in pediatric patients with pneumonia. Results will highlight saliva potential use as a biofluid for systemic monitoring in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Çelik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, 09010, Turkey.
| | - Soner Sertan Kara
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Cornejo CF, Salgado PA, Molgatini SL, Gliosca LA, Squassi AF. Saliva sampling methods. Cariogenic streptococci count using two different methods of saliva collection in children. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA LATINOAMERICANA : AOL 2022; 35:51-57. [PMID: 35700542 DOI: 10.54589/aol.35/1/51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of two methods for collecting saliva samples from infants under 2 years of age for cariogenic streptococci (CS) count. Two collection methods were applied in 11 infants. In Method (A), saliva samples were collected by swabbing the inner cheek mucosa and floor of the mouth in figure of eight motions with a sterile cotton swab until it was soaked. In method (B), saliva samples were collected by aspiration of 1 ml of saliva with a sterile plastic syringe on the floor of the mouth, after stimulation with glove. The samples were cultured in modified Gold's broth (MSMG), and on trypticase, yeast extract, sucrose, cystine and bacitracin culture medium (TYSCB). In method (A), the swab with the sample was unloaded in situ on TYSCB and placed in PBS medium for transport. Then, 100 μl of the eluate was seeded in MSMG. In method (B) 100 μl were seeded in TYSCB and 100 μl in MSMG. Both culture media were incubatedundercapnophilicconditions for 48 hours at 37 °C. Colony forming units (CFU/ml) were counted by calibrated operators (kappa = 0.75). The presence of cariogenic streptococci (CS) (Streptococcus mutans-Streptococcus sobrinus) was determined by qPCR in the samples collected by both methods. The CFU/ml counts in MSMG differed significantly between methods (p = 0.021). In TYSCB, the recovery of CFU/ml was higher in method (A), without significant difference (p = 0.705). The molecular technique detected presence of CS, with no difference between collection methods. Collecting saliva samples by swabbing proved more effective in terms of recovery of microorganisms, and did not affect the detection of presence of CS by molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina F Cornejo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pablo A Salgado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Microbiológico, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana L Molgatini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Microbiológico, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura A Gliosca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Microbiología y Parasitología, Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Microbiológico, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldo F Squassi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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White SF, Estrada Gonzalez SM, Moriarty EM. Raging Hormones: Why Age-Based Etiological Conceptualizations of the Development of Antisocial Behavior Are Insufficient. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:853697. [PMID: 35493950 PMCID: PMC9041342 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.853697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental science, particularly developmental neuroscience, has substantially influenced the modern legal system. However, this science has typically failed to consider the role of puberty and pubertal hormones on development when considering antisocial behavior. This review describes major theoretical positions on the developmental neuroscience of antisocial behavior and highlights where basic developmental neuroscience suggests that the role of puberty and pubertal hormones should be considered. The implications of the current state of the science with respect to developmental neuroscience is considered, particularly what is known in light of development beyond puberty. This review shows that development continues to an older age for many youth than the legal system typically acknowledges. The plasticity of the brain that this continued development implies has implications for the outcome of interventions in the legal system in ways that have not been explored. Future directions for both developmental scientists and legal professions are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart F. White
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Stuart F. White,
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Muraoka MY, Justino AB, Caixeta DC, Queiroz JS, Sabino-Silva R, Salmen Espindola F. Fructose and methylglyoxal-induced glycation alters structural and functional properties of salivary proteins, albumin and lysozyme. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262369. [PMID: 35061788 PMCID: PMC8782344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation process refers to reactions between reduction sugars and amino acids that can lead to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are related to changes in chemical and functional properties of biological structures that accumulate during aging and diseases. The aim of this study was to perform and analyze in vitro glycation by fructose and methylglyoxal (MGO) using salivary fluid, albumin, lysozyme, and salivary α-amylase (sAA). Glycation effect was analyzed by biochemical and spectroscopic methods. The results were obtained by fluorescence analysis, infrared spectroscopy (total attenuated reflection-Fourier transform, ATR-FTIR) followed by multivariate analysis of principal components (PCA), protein profile, immunodetection, enzymatic activity and oxidative damage to proteins. Fluorescence increased in all glycated samples, except in saliva with fructose. The ATR-FTIR spectra and PCA analysis showed structural changes related to the vibrational mode of glycation of albumin, lysozyme, and salivary proteins. Glycation increased the relative molecular mass (Mr) in protein profile of albumin and lysozyme. Saliva showed a decrease in band intensity when glycated. The analysis of sAA immunoblotting indicated a relative reduction in intensity of its correspondent Mr after sAA glycation; and a decrease in its enzymatic activity was observed. Carbonylation levels increased in all glycated samples, except for saliva with fructose. Thiol content decreased only for glycated lysozyme and saliva with MGO. Therefore, glycation of salivary fluid and sAA may have the potential to identify products derived by glycation process. This opens perspectives for further studies on the use of saliva, an easy and non-invasive collection fluid, to monitor glycated proteins in the aging process and evolution of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Yumiko Muraoka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia Silveira Queiroz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Choy J, Goh A, Chatonidi G, Ponnalagu S, Wee S, Stieger M, Forde C. Impact of food texture modifications on oral processing behaviour, bolus properties and postprandial glucose responses. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:891-899. [PMID: 34917949 PMCID: PMC8646128 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated food texture manipulation on oral processing behaviour (OPB). We explored the effect of texture-differences of equivalent carbohydrate load on OPB, bolus properties and postprandial glycaemic responses (PPG). In a randomised cross-over, within-subjects, non-blinded design, healthy male participants (N = 39) consumed fixed portions of white rice (WR) and rice cake (RC) while being video recorded to measure microstructural eating behaviours. PPG was compared between test foods over a period of 120-min, and the bolus properties and saliva uptake at swallow were measured for both test foods. RC displayed higher instrumental hardness, chewiness and Young's modulus than WR (p = 0.01), and participants perceived RC as more springy and sticky than WR (p < 0.001). The RC meal was chewed more per bite (p < 0.001) and consumed at a faster eating rate (p = 0.033) than WR. WR bolus particles were smaller at swallow (p < 0.001) with a larger total surface area (p < 0.001), compared to RC. The glucose response for RC was significantly higher during the first 30-min postprandial period (p = 0.010), and lower in the later (30-120 min) postprandial period (p = 0.031) compared to WR. Total blood glucose iAUC did not differ significantly between WR and RC meals despite their large differences in texture, OPB and bolus properties. Oro-sensory exposure time was a significant predictor of glucose iAUC30min for both test meals (RC, p = 0.003; WR, p = 0.029). Saliva uptake in the bolus was significantly positively associated with blood glucose during the first 30-min postprandial period for the RC meal (p = 0.008), but not for WR. We conclude that food texture modifications can influence OPB and bolus properties which are key contributors to the dynamic evolution of the glycaemic response. Total blood glucose responses were the same for both test foods, though differences in oral processing and bolus properties influenced temporal changes in PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.Y.M. Choy
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - A.T. Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - G. Chatonidi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S. Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S.M.M. Wee
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - M. Stieger
- Wageningen University, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 17, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C.G. Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Wageningen University, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, P.O. Box 17, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Van Puyvelde M, Staring L, Schaffers J, Rivas-Smits C, Groenendijk L, Smeyers L, Collette L, Schoofs A, Van den Bossche N, McGlone F. Why do we hunger for touch? The impact of daily gentle touch stimulation on maternal-infant physiological and behavioral regulation and resilience. Infant Ment Health J 2021; 42:823-838. [PMID: 34752649 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the impact of a Gentle Touch Stimulation (GTS) program. Forty-three mothers provided daily 10-min GTS with C-tactile (CT) afferent optimal stroking touch, for 4 weeks to their 3-12 weeks old infants. CT-afferents are cutaneous unmyelinated, low-threshold mechanosensitive nerves hypothesized to underly the regulatory impact of affective touch. We compared physiological and behavioral responses during a no-touch-baseline (BL), static-touch-baseline (BL-T), intervention/control (GTS/CTRL), Still Face (SF) and Reunion (RU) condition for GTS-infants versus a control-group (CTRL) at the start (T1) and end of (T2) of the program. We collected mother-infant ECG, respiration, cortisol, video-recordings, and diary-reports. At T1, physiological arousal significantly increased during SF in both groups, that is, decreased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and R-R interval (RRI). At T2, GTS-infants showed significantly increased RSA, RRI, decreased respiration during GTS, buffering SF-arousal and allowing complete recovery during RU; CTRL-infants showed higher SF-arousal and small recovery, under initial BL-levels. Maternal cardio-respiratory showed a metabolic investment during RU. Cortisol and behavioral analyses showed higher arousal in CTRL-infants than GTS-infants at T2. We suggest that the combination of phasic short-term and tonic long-term responses to CT-optimal stroking touch, delivered in a structured daily manner, contribute to the building of infant stress regulation and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Van Puyvelde
- VIPER Research Unit, LIFE Department, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium.,Experimental and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical & Lifespan Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise Staring
- Experimental and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical & Lifespan Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jana Schaffers
- Experimental and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical & Lifespan Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cristina Rivas-Smits
- Experimental and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical & Lifespan Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leysa Groenendijk
- Experimental and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical & Lifespan Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Smeyers
- Experimental and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical & Lifespan Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Collette
- Clinical & Lifespan Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anneke Schoofs
- Experimental and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical & Lifespan Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nora Van den Bossche
- Experimental and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical & Lifespan Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis McGlone
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Psychology, Health & Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Jennings ML, Granger DA, Bryce CI, Twitchell D, Yeakel K, Teaford PA. Effect of animal assisted interactions on activity and stress response in children in acute care settings. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 8:100076. [PMID: 35757663 PMCID: PMC9216416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Determine the effects of animal assisted interactions (AAI) on activity and stress response in pediatric acute care settings. Design Randomized treatment control design. Setting Inpatient pediatric acute care units (PICU, CVICU and Hematology/Oncology). Patients Eighty pediatric inpatients (49% male) age 2–19 years. Intervention The AAI experimental group patients interacted with therapy dog teams for 5–10 min and the comparison group patients continued their current activity without an AAI visit. Measurement and results Salivary cortisol, activity level, and mood were assessed before and after AAI. AAI was associated with a decrease in cortisol levels and increases in mood and activity. Conclusion AAI benefits children in pediatric acute care units. AAI effects activity and stress response in pediatric acute care settings AAI is associated with decreased cortisol levels and increased mood and activity Benefits may influence mobility, recovery and post-discharge psycho-social outcomes
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Izawa S, Sugaya N, Ogawa N, Shirotsuki K, Nomura S. A validation study on fingernail cortisol: correlations with one-month cortisol levels estimated by hair and saliva samples. Stress 2021; 24:734-741. [PMID: 33792492 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1895113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have focused on the cortisol levels in fingernail samples as a possible index of cumulative hormone production; however, the biological validity of fingernail cortisol has not been fully established. We investigated the association between cortisol levels in fingernail samples and other biological specimens, including hair and saliva samples, in healthy young adults to determine whether fingernail cortisol was associated with past cumulative hormone production. Participants were 23 adults (14 men and 9 women; mean age = 22.7 ± 2.8 years). Saliva samples were collected three times per day for 30 days, and hair samples (1 cm) from participants' scalps were obtained. Fingernail samples were repeatedly collected for 8 months, considering growth rate of fingernail and time lag for fingernails to fully extend from the nail matrix. Cortisol levels in hair samples were significantly associated with the levels in fingernail samples that were obtained 3 months after hair collection (r = .48, p < .05). The 30-day integrated area under the curve, based on salivary cortisol levels at awakening and bedtime, were significantly associated with cortisol levels in fingernail samples that were collected 2-5 months after saliva collection. This finding was especially significant after adjusting for the awakening time when the saliva was collected. This study provided evidence that fingernail cortisol was associated with cumulative hormone levels measured several months before but not those in the present. The samples may be useful for endocrinological evaluation in the investigation of chronic stress, cortisol levels, and health; moreover, the use of fingernail samples would permit larger-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Izawa
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nagisa Sugaya
- Unit of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Namiko Ogawa
- Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Shusaku Nomura
- Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan
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Potential of Salivary Biomarkers in Autism Research: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910873. [PMID: 34639213 PMCID: PMC8509590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic process for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is based on a behavioral analysis of the suspected individual. Despite intensive research, no specific and valid biomarker has been identified for ASD, but saliva, with its advantages such as non-invasive collection, could serve as a suitable alternative to other body fluids. As a source of nucleic acid of both human and microbial origin, protein and non-protein molecules, saliva offers a complex view on the current state of the organism. Additionally, the use of salivary markers seems to be less complicated not only for ASD screening but also for revealing the etiopathogenesis of ASD, since enrolling neurotypical counterparts willing to participate in studies may be more feasible. The aim of the presented review is to provide an overview of the current research performed on saliva in relation to ASD, mutual complementing, and discrepancies that result in difficulties applying the observed markers in clinical practice. We emphasize the methodological limitations of saliva collection and processing as well as the lack of information regarding ASD diagnosis, which is critically discussed.
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Self-disclosure is associated with adrenocortical attunement between new acquaintances. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105323. [PMID: 34214863 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical attunement-similarity in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity-has been well-documented in close relationships (e.g., between romantic partners, parents and children, and close friends). However, little is known about adrenocortical attunement during early relationship formation. In the current study, we examine dyadic adrenocortical attunement during a guided conversation in which two new acquaintances (N = 140 people, 70 dyads), who were university students or adults in the community, answered questions about themselves. Dyads were randomly assigned to answer questions designed to elicit dyad members to reveal a high or low amount of personal information (i.e., to self-disclose at high or low levels). We collected saliva samples (assayed for cortisol) before and after the conversation, and we coded behavioral self-disclosure-the extent to which people revealed their thoughts, feelings, and facts about themselves-during the conversation. As expected, dyads who were assigned to ask and answer high self-disclosure questions disclosed more than those assigned to ask and answer low self-disclosure questions. In addition, greater self-disclosure during the conversation was associated with greater similarity in cortisol change-that is, dyad members who revealed more about themselves experienced more similar cortisol changes in response to their conversation. This work reveals one social process through which adrenocortical attunement occurs during early relationship formation, and, in doing so, describes how our physiological functioning is linked to those around us-even people we have just met.
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Uçar C, Özgöçer T, Yıldız S. Effects of late-night eating of easily-or slowly-digestible meals on sleep, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and autonomic nervous system in healthy young males. Stress Health 2021; 37:640-649. [PMID: 33426778 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the current study was to assess the effects of the digestibility of late-night high calorie meal on sleep and the activities of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and autonomous nervous system (ANS) in healthy young males. For that purpose, effects of an easily digestible meal (starch + sugar-rich meal, SSR, i.e., dessert) or a slowly digestible meal (protein + fat-rich, PFR, i.e. kebab) were investigated in a crossover design in 16 participants (20-26 year old). They did not eat anything after 07:00 PM on Day 0; had an SSR meal on Day 1 and a PFR meal on Day 2 at 10:00 PM. HPA and ANS activities were measured by cortisol awakening response (CAR) and heart rate variability (HRV), respectively. The participants provided salivary samples for CAR; had a 5-min continuous electrocardiogram recording for HRV; and filled in sleep questionnaires. Late-night eating of SSR and PFR diets increased the area under the curve of CAR (p < 0.05) but did not affect HRV parameters (p > 0.05). PFR meal significantly disturbed sleep (p < 0.05). The data suggests that increased activity of HPA, but not ANS, might be involved in pathophysiology of late-night eating and that this might be due to disturbed sleep if slowly-digestible meal is consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihat Uçar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adıyaman, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Tuba Özgöçer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yıldız
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey
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Goh AT, Choy JYM, Chua XH, Ponnalagu S, Khoo CM, Whitton C, van Dam RM, Forde CG. Increased oral processing and a slower eating rate increase glycaemic, insulin and satiety responses to a mixed meal tolerance test. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2719-2733. [PMID: 33389082 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variations in specific oral processing behaviours may contribute to differences in glucose, insulin and satiety responses to a standardised test meal. This study tested how natural variations in oral processing between slower and faster eaters contribute to differences in post-prandial glucose (PP glucose), insulin response (PP insulin) and post-meal satiety for a standardised test meal. METHODS Thirty-three participants with higher risk for type 2 diabetes consumed a standardised test-meal while being video recorded to derive specific oral processing behaviours. Plasma glucose, insulin and satiety measures were collected at baseline, during and post meal. Participants were split into slower and faster eaters using median split based on their eating rates and individual bolus properties were analysed at the point of swallow. RESULTS There were large variations in eating rate (p < 0.001). While there was no significant difference in PP glucose response (p > 0.05), slower eaters showed significantly higher PP insulin between 45 and 60 min (p < 0.001). Slower eaters had longer oro-sensory exposure and increased bolus saliva uptake which was associated with higher PP glucose iAUC. Faster eating rate and larger bolus particle size at swallow correlated with lower PP glucose iAUC. A slower eating rate with greater chews per bite significantly increased insulin iAUC. Faster eaters also consistently rated their hunger and desire to eat higher than slower eaters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Natural variations in eating rate and the associated oral processing contributed to differences in PP glucose, PP insulin and satiety responses. Encouraging increased chewing and longer oral-exposure time during consumption, may promote early glucose absorption and greater insulin and satiety responses, and help support euglycaemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04522063.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ting Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jie Ying Michelle Choy
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xin Hui Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shalini Ponnalagu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Whitton
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob Martinus van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ciarán Gerard Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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44
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Ciurli A, Liebl M, Derks RJE, Neefjes JJC, Giera M. Spatially resolved sampling for untargeted metabolomics: A new tool for salivomics. iScience 2021; 24:102768. [PMID: 34278270 PMCID: PMC8271151 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a complex bodily fluid composed of metabolites secreted by major and minor glands, as well as by-products of host oral cells, oral bacteria, gingival crevicular fluid, and exogenous compounds. Major salivary glands include the paired parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The secreted fluids of the salivary glands vary in composition, flow rate, site of release, and clearance suggesting that different types of saliva fulfill different functions and therefore can provide unique biological information. Consequently, for the comprehension of the functionality of the salivary components, spatially resolved investigations are warranted. To understand and comprehensively map the highly heterogeneous environment of the oral cavity, advanced spatial sampling techniques for metabolomics analysis are needed. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of collection devices for spatially resolved sampling aimed at untargeted metabolomics and propose a comprehensive and reproducible collection and analysis protocol for the spatially resolved analysis of the human oral metabolome. Systematic evaluation of collection devices for untargeted metabolomics of saliva Spatially resolved sampling of saliva in the human oral cavity Enabling location-specific oral metabolomics
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ciurli
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Maximiliam Liebl
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Rico J E Derks
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques J C Neefjes
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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Impact of Individual Differences in Eating Rate on Oral Processing, Bolus Properties and Post-Meal Glucose Responses. Physiol Behav 2021; 238:113495. [PMID: 34116051 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Modifying food texture has been shown to influence oral processing behaviour. We explored the impact of food texture on oral processing, bolus formation and post-prandial glucose responses (PPG) among fast and slow eaters. METHODS Male participants (N=39) were split into fast or slow eaters based on natural differences in eating rate when consuming two carbohydrate-equivalent test-meals differing in texture (white rice and rice cake). PPG and satiety responses were compared for fast and slow eaters over 120-min for each test-meal. Each groups test-meal PPG was compared for bolus and saliva properties at the point of swallow. RESULTS White rice displayed lower instrumental hardness, chewiness and Young's modulus and was perceived less chewy, springy and sticky than rice cake. Slow eaters (n=24, white rice: 13.3 g/min; rice cake: 15.1 g/min) required an average 42% more chews per bite (p < 0.001), had 60% longer oral exposure time (OET), and consumed both test-meals (p < 0.001) at half the eating rate of fast eaters (n=15). Slow eaters had higher PPG following the rice cake meal at 15 (p = 0.046) and 45 min (p = 0.034) than fast eaters. A longer OET was a positive predictor of early PPG at 30-min after the white rice meal (β = 0.178, p = 0.041) and saliva uptake was a significant predictor (β = 0.458, p = 0.045) of PPG for slow eaters when consuming rice cake. Increasing food hardness and stiffness (Young's modulus) had a greater impact on eating rate for slow eaters than fast eaters. CONCLUSIONS Eating rate, oral exposure time and bolus saliva uptake were the predictors of an individual's post-prandial glycaemic response amongst slow eaters. Increasing the number of chews per bite with a longer oral exposure time increased saliva uptake in the bolus at the moment of swallowing and enhanced temporal changes in PPG, leading to greater glycaemic peaks in rice cake meal. Differences in eating rate between slow and fast eaters when consuming rice cake meal influenced temporal changes in PPG but not total PPG, and bolus properties did not differ between eating rate groups.
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46
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The case for the repeatability intra-class correlation as a metric of precision for salivary bioscience data: Justification, assessment, application, and implications. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105203. [PMID: 33765641 PMCID: PMC8136357 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Best practice standards for measuring analyte levels in saliva recommend that all biospecimens be tested in replicate with mean concentrations used in statistical analyses. This approach prioritizes minimizing laboratory-based measurement error but, in the process, expends considerable resources. We explore the possibility that, due to advances in salivary assay precision, the contribution of laboratory-based measurement error in salivary analyte data is very small relative to more important and meaningful variability in analyte levels across biological replicates (i.e., between different specimens). To evaluate this possibility, we examine the utility of the repeatability intra-class correlation (rICC) as an additional index of salivary analyte data precision. Using randomly selected subsamples (Ns=200 and 60) of salivary analyte data collected as part of a larger epidemiologic study, we compute the rICCs for seven commonly assayed salivary measures in biobehavioral research - cortisol, alpha-amylase, c-reactive protein, interlekin-6, uric acid, secretory immunoglobulin A, and testosterone. We assess the sensitivity of rICC estimates to assay type and the unique distributions of the underlying analyte data. We also use simulations to examine the bias, precision, and coverage probability of rICC estimates calculated for small to large sample sizes. For each analyte, the rICCs revealed that less than 5% of variation in analyte levels was attributable to laboratory-based measurement error. rICC estimates were similar across all analytes despite differences in analyte levels, average intra-assay coefficients of variation, and in the distributional properties of the data. Guidelines for calculating rICC are provided to enable investigators and laboratory staff to apply this metric and more accurately quantify, and communicate, the magnitude of laboratory-based measurement error in their data. By helping investigators scale measurement error relative to more scientifically meaningful variability between biological replicates, the application of the rICC has the potential to influence research strategies and tactics such that resources (e.g., finances, effort, number/volume of biospecimens) are allocated more efficiently and effectively.
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47
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Rudd KL, Bush NR, Alkon A, Roubinov DS. Identifying profiles of multisystem physiological activity across early childhood: Examining developmental shifts and associations with stress and internalizing problems. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105196. [PMID: 33765640 PMCID: PMC8188642 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Physiological regulation is an important predictor of health across the lifespan. Regulation occurs across multiple collaborative systems, yet few empirical studies explore multisystem activity and how this collaborative regulation develops early in life. The current study used latent profile analysis to evaluate multisystem regulation in the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis in 150 racially/ethnically diverse, low-income children at 18- and 36-months. At both timepoints, profiles of generally moderate activity (Moderate Arousal) and heightened baseline activity (Anticipatory Arousal) emerged. A profile of typically adaptive patterns across all systems (Active Copers) emerged at 18-months and a profile of heightened HPA Axis activity (HPA-axis Responders) emerged at 36-months. Persistent membership in the Anticipatory Arousal profile across time was associated with exposure to greater maternal stress at 18-months and child internalizing problems at 36-months. These findings highlight early multisystem profile development and suggest associations with stress and later behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Rudd
- University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; San Francisco, CA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco; Department of Pediatrics; San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco; Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA
| | - Abbey Alkon
- University of California, San Francisco; School of Nursing; San Francisco, CA
| | - Danielle S. Roubinov
- University of California, San Francisco; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Francisco; Weill Institute for Neurosciences; San Francisco, CA
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Chambon C, Neyraud E, Sayd T, Bros P, Di Biagio R, Hyvrier F, Féart C, André P, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E, Garcia-Esquinas E, Gomez-Cabrero D, Proctor G, Morzel M. The salivary proteome reflects some traits of dietary habits in diabetic and non-diabetic older adults. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4331-4344. [PMID: 34041584 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Objective markers of usual diet are of interest as alternative or validating tools in nutritional epidemiology research. The main purpose of the work was to assess whether saliva protein composition can reflect dietary habits in older adults, and how type 2 diabetes impacted on the saliva-diet correlates. METHODS 214 participants were selected from 2 European cohorts of community-dwelling older adults (3C-Bordeaux and Seniors-ENRICA-2), using a case-control design nested in each cohort. Cases were individuals with type 2 diabetes. Dietary information was obtained using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Saliva was successfully obtained from 211 subjects, and its proteome analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The relative abundance of 246 saliva proteins was obtained across all participants. The salivary proteome differed depending on the intake level of some food groups (especially vegetables, fruits, sweet snacks and red meat), in a diabetic status- and cohort-specific manner. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that some biological processes were consistently affected by diet across cohorts, for example enhanced platelet degranulation in high consumers of sweet snacks. Minimal models were then fitted to predict dietary variables by sociodemographic, clinical and salivary proteome variables. For the food group «sweet snacks», selected salivary proteins contributed to the predictive model and improved its performance in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 cohort and when both cohorts were combined. CONCLUSION Saliva proteome composition of elderly individuals can reflect some aspects of dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Chambon
- INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme Composante Protéome PFEMcp, St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Eric Neyraud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thierry Sayd
- INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme Composante Protéome PFEMcp, St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Pauline Bros
- INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme Composante Protéome PFEMcp, St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Romane Di Biagio
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Frank Hyvrier
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Féart
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, BPH, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Perrine André
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, BPH, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Martine Morzel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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Meunier S, Groessl M, Reusch C, Boretti F, Sieber-Ruckstuhl N. Salivary cortisol in healthy dogs: a randomized cross-over study to evaluate different saliva stimulation methods and their effects on saliva volume and cortisol concentration. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:194. [PMID: 34001108 PMCID: PMC8130098 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary cortisol collected at home is a useful test to diagnose and monitor Cushing's syndrome in humans. The main problem in dogs is to retrieve a sufficient amount of saliva. The aim of this study was to evaluate different salivary collection methods and compare their effects on volume, pH and cortisol concentration of saliva. Sixteen healthy Beagles were used in a 4 × 4 randomized crossover study with a washout period of 1 week between each of the following collection methods: 1. Salimetrics® cotton swab dipped in ginger powder (ginger group); 2. beef-flavored Salimetrics® (bouillon group); 3. Salivette® cotton swab with an enclosed treat (treat group); 4. plain Salimetrics® (control group). First, baseline saliva (plain cotton swab, S0) and, 2 min later, experimental saliva (according to group allocation above, SExp) were collected. Saliva was gathered by holding the swabs in the animal's mouth for 2 min. After the cross-over study, another saliva sample was collected from all dogs by the ginger method, using a 30 s sampling time (30s-ginger method). Cortisol concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS All three stimulation methods increased saliva production significantly (S0 compared to SExp: ginger p = 0.0005; bouillon p = 0.009; treat p = 0.007). Only ginger stimulation, however, generated a significantly higher amount of saliva (SExp) compared to the control group (p = 0.00001; median (range) amount of saliva for SExp: ginger 1200 ul (600-1700), bouillon 650 ul (200-1900), treat 700 ul (300-1000), control 400 ul (0-1100)). The amount of saliva retrieved by the 30s-ginger method was still higher than that from the control group (p = 0.0004). Bouillon and treat stimulation led to decreased pH values (bouillon, p = 0.0028; treat, 0.0018). Excitement was higher in the ginger group (p = 0.01). Chewing was intensified in the ginger and treat group (ginger, p = 0.003; treat, 0.0009). The cortisol concentration SExp was higher compared to that of S0 in the ginger and treat group (p = 0.02, 0.003). The experimental cortisol concentrations (SExp) were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS The 30s-ginger method could prove useful in evaluating or monitoring dogs with Cushing's syndrome, as sampling at home for 30 s by the owner seems feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Meunier
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Groessl
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felicitas Boretti
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Sieber-Ruckstuhl
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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50
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Huffhines L, Jackson Y, McGuire A, Schreier HMC. The intergenerational interplay of adversity on salivary inflammation in young children and caregivers. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105222. [PMID: 33878600 PMCID: PMC8131264 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation links exposure to early childhood adversity to later disease. The associations among adversity and disease risk might in part operate through poor oral hygiene and subsequent periodontal inflammation, which can be measured in saliva. Few studies, however, have examined the association between adversity and salivary inflammation in young children. Further, there is a dearth of literature investigating adverse experiences and salivary inflammation in children and caregivers together, limiting our understanding of the intergenerational, dual effects of adversity on inflammation for both members of the caregiver-child dyad. This study tested child and caregiver adversity and their associations with an inflammatory composite (i.e., IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α) and CRP in 93 preschool-age children and their caregivers. Caregivers reported on their child's experiences of adversity, as well as on their own adverse experiences, using a comprehensive questionnaire synthesized from previous checklists for complete coverage of possible adverse events. Results showed that caregivers' salivary inflammatory markers (i.e., IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and CRP) were not significantly correlated with the same five inflammatory markers in children's saliva. Among children, adversity was associated with significantly higher levels of the inflammatory composite, though not CRP. This association was amplified among children whose caregivers also experienced more adversity during adulthood. Among caregivers, childhood adversity and adulthood adversity were each independently associated with significantly higher levels of the inflammatory composite and CRP. The association between caregivers' own childhood adversity and inflammation was amplified among caregivers whose children also experienced more adversity during their childhoods. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the possible dual role of young children's and caregivers' adverse experiences in contributing to salivary inflammation for both members of the dyad, suggesting possible implications for systemic inflammation and future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Huffhines
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St., Providence, RI 02903, USA; Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, 1 Hoppin St., Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Yo Jackson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Moore, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Austen McGuire
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Hannah M. C. Schreier
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802 USA
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